TW202006643A - Blockchain-based systems and methods for transactions of digital tokens - Google Patents
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本申請主要關於區塊鏈技術,特別係有關於一種基於區塊鏈的數位通令(digital tokens)交易系統及方法。 This application is mainly about blockchain technology, and in particular relates to a blockchain-based digital tokens trading system and method.
隨著網路的普及與資訊科技的蓬勃發展,用戶端與金融端的互動方式正經歷大幅度的轉變,舉例來說,在某些應用領域(如:電子商務、線上遊戲等領域),虛擬貨幣正逐漸取代實體貨幣(如:法定貨幣(fiat currency))成為交易的主要支付方式。 With the popularity of the Internet and the vigorous development of information technology, the interaction between the user and the financial side is undergoing a substantial change. For example, in certain application areas (such as e-commerce, online games, etc.), virtual currency It is gradually replacing physical currency (such as fiat currency) as the main payment method for transactions.
相較於實體貨幣,虛擬貨幣由於沒有實體而只以數位資料的形態存在於電子裝置的儲存媒體中,且由於大多數的電子裝置具有連網功能,因此在安全性方面,虛擬貨幣有容易遭到竄改的缺點。為了解決這個問題,近年來發展出加密貨幣技術,加密貨幣雖然是一種虛擬貨幣,但是加密貨幣使用了密碼學原理來確保交易安全,其中,又以基於區塊鏈技術的加密貨幣最受到歡迎。 Compared with physical currency, virtual currency exists only in the form of digital data in the storage medium of electronic devices because there is no physical currency, and because most electronic devices have a network function, virtual currency is vulnerable to security. To the shortcomings of tampering. In order to solve this problem, cryptocurrency technology has been developed in recent years. Although cryptocurrency is a virtual currency, cryptocurrency uses cryptographic principles to ensure transaction security. Among them, cryptocurrency based on blockchain technology is the most popular.
相較於實體貨幣需依賴中心化監管體系的銀行金融系統來維持交易紀錄的一致性,基於區塊鏈技術的加密貨幣是一種去中心化的加密貨幣,而去中心化模式,則是將仲裁的權力,移轉給去中心化的虛擬網路,讓合格的相關節點持續依照時序, 將各項交易以資料區塊的形式加以記錄,再提供給相關社群的成員。一般來說,區塊鏈中的每個區塊包括前一個區塊的參考內容,參考內容會包含前一個密碼的加密雜湊校驗和(cryptographic hash checksum),如此一來,就能夠讓這些區塊形成一個永久且無法竄改的鏈結構以保存所有的交易紀錄。 Compared with the physical currency, which relies on the banking financial system of the centralized supervision system to maintain the consistency of transaction records, the cryptocurrency based on the blockchain technology is a decentralized cryptocurrency, and the decentralized mode is to arbitrate The power is transferred to the decentralized virtual network, so that qualified related nodes continue to record each transaction in the form of data blocks according to the time sequence, and then provide it to the members of the relevant community. Generally speaking, each block in the blockchain includes the reference content of the previous block, and the reference content will include the cryptographic hash checksum of the previous password, so that these areas can be made The block forms a permanent and unalterable chain structure to keep all transaction records.
進一步說明,基於區塊鏈技術的加密貨幣在兌換時係透過虛擬貨幣交易所,然而,虛擬貨幣交易所常出現破產、遭駭客入侵、管理不善/詐欺、或欠缺償付能力等風險。 To further explain, cryptocurrencies based on blockchain technology are exchanged through virtual currency exchanges. However, virtual currency exchanges often face risks such as bankruptcy, hacking, poor management/fraud, or lack of solvency.
本申請提供了一種基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統及方法,其中所述數位通令係用以表示交易的實體(entity),如:法定貨幣或加密貨幣。舉例來說,當數位通令係關聯至加密貨幣時,它可以是區塊鏈中交易紀錄的一部分(如:標示交易實體的那部分資料)。本申請所述基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統及方法可使用區塊鏈技術建立私有鏈以發行私有加密貨幣、建立公有鏈以發行公有加密貨幣,並提供私有加密貨幣、公有加密貨幣、以及法定貨幣之間的交易服務,同時,在用戶端以法定貨幣兌換私有加密貨幣或公有加密貨幣時,還提供等值法定貨幣的信託保證。 The present application provides a blockchain-based digital transaction system and method, where the digital transaction is used to represent the entity of the transaction, such as fiat currency or cryptocurrency. For example, when the digital token is linked to a cryptocurrency, it can be part of the transaction record in the blockchain (eg, the part of the data that indicates the transaction entity). The blockchain-based digital pass transaction system and method described in this application can use blockchain technology to establish a private chain to issue private cryptocurrencies, establish a public chain to issue public cryptocurrencies, and provide private cryptocurrencies, public cryptocurrencies, and The transaction service between fiat currencies, and at the same time, when the user exchanges fiat currencies for private cryptocurrencies or public cryptocurrencies, it also provides fiat currency equivalent trust guarantee.
本申請之一實施例提供了一種基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統,其包括一通訊裝置、一儲存裝置、以及一控制器。上述通訊裝置用以提供連線至網際網路以及網際網路上之一金融機構伺服器。上述儲存裝置用以儲存電腦可讀取之複數指令或程式碼。上述控制器,耦接至上述通訊裝置以及上述儲存裝置,用以從上述儲存裝置載入並執行上述指令或程式碼以執行以下步 驟:提供一第一數位通令與一第二數位通令之間的兌換(exchange);當上述第一數位通令以及上述第二數位通令之一者係關聯至一法定貨幣且上述第一數位通令以及上述第二數位通令之另一者係關聯至一加密貨幣時,根據上述兌換之一單位數量決定相應於上述法定貨幣之一金額;以及透過上述通訊裝置傳送包括上述金額資訊之一信託金存入請求或一信託金提領請求至上述金融機構伺服器。 An embodiment of the present application provides a blockchain-based digital pass transaction system, which includes a communication device, a storage device, and a controller. The above communication device is used to provide connection to the Internet and a financial institution server on the Internet. The above storage device is used to store a plurality of computer readable commands or program codes. The controller, coupled to the communication device and the storage device, is used to load and execute the instruction or program code from the storage device to perform the following steps: provide a first digital pass and a second digital pass Exchange; when one of the first digital pass and the second digital pass is associated with a fiat currency and the other of the first digital pass and the second digital pass is associated with an encrypted currency, An amount corresponding to the fiat currency is determined according to the number of one unit of the exchange; and a trust deposit request or a trust withdrawal request including the amount information is transmitted to the server of the financial institution through the communication device.
本申請之另一實施例提供了一種基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易方法,適用於一種基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統,上述基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易方法包括以下步驟:提供一第一數位通令與一第二數位通令之間的兌換;當上述第一數位通令以及上述第二數位通令之一者係關聯至一法定貨幣且上述第一數位通令以及上述第二數位通令之另一者係關聯至一加密貨幣時,根據上述兌換之一單位數量決定相應於上述法定貨幣之一金額;以及傳送包括上述金額資訊之一信託金存入請求或一信託金提領請求至一金融機構伺服器。 Another embodiment of the present application provides a blockchain-based digital pass transaction method, which is suitable for a blockchain-based digital pass transaction system. The blockchain-based digital pass transaction method includes the following steps: providing a first Exchange between a digital pass and a second digital pass; when one of the first digital pass and the second digital pass is associated with a fiat currency and the other of the first digital pass and the second digital pass When the person is associated with a cryptocurrency, the amount corresponding to one of the fiat currencies is determined based on the number of units in the exchange; and a trust deposit request or a trust withdrawal request including the amount information is sent to a financial institution server.
關於本申請其他附加的特徵與優點,此領域之熟習技術人士,在不脫離本申請之精神和範圍內,當可根據本案實施方法中所揭露之基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統及方法做些許的更動與潤飾而得到。 Regarding other additional features and advantages of this application, those skilled in the art can, without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, do according to the blockchain-based digital transaction system and method disclosed in the implementation method of this case Get some changes and retouching.
1000‧‧‧數位通令交易環境 1000‧‧‧Digital trading environment
110、120‧‧‧用戶端計算裝置 110、120‧‧‧Client computing device
130‧‧‧基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統 130‧‧‧Blockchain-based digital trading system
131‧‧‧區塊鏈模組 131‧‧‧ Blockchain module
132‧‧‧交易管理模組 132‧‧‧Transaction Management Module
140‧‧‧金融機構伺服器 140‧‧‧Financial institution server
150‧‧‧網際網路 150‧‧‧Internet
160‧‧‧電信網路 160‧‧‧Telecommunication network
170‧‧‧無線存取點 170‧‧‧Wireless access point
2100‧‧‧通訊裝置 2100‧‧‧Communication device
2200‧‧‧控制器 2200‧‧‧Controller
2300‧‧‧儲存裝置 2300‧‧‧Storage device
2400‧‧‧輸入輸出裝置 2400‧‧‧I/O device
S301~S310‧‧‧步驟編號 S301~S310‧‧‧Step number
S401~S409‧‧‧步驟編號 S401~S409‧‧‧Step number
S501~S511‧‧‧步驟編號 S501~S511‧‧‧Step number
S601~S616‧‧‧步驟編號 S601~S616‧‧‧Step number
700‧‧‧數位通令交易介面 700‧‧‧Digital trading interface
702‧‧‧「區塊鏈類型」欄位 702‧‧‧ "Blockchain Type" field
704‧‧‧「錢包地址」欄位 704‧‧‧ "wallet address" field
706、708‧‧‧「加密貨幣」欄位 706, 708‧‧‧ "cryptocurrency" field
710‧‧‧「交易紀錄」欄位 710‧‧‧ "Transaction Record" field
第1圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之數位通令交易環境之示意圖。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a digital trading environment according to an embodiment of the present application.
第2圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130之硬體架構示意圖。 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of the blockchain-based
第3圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之法定貨幣兌換加密貨幣之流程圖。 FIG. 3 is a flowchart of converting fiat currency to encrypted currency according to an embodiment of the present application.
第4圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之加密貨幣兌換法定貨幣之流程圖。 Figure 4 is a flow chart of the conversion of cryptocurrency to fiat currency according to an embodiment of the present application.
第5圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之加密貨幣轉帳之流程圖。 Figure 5 is a flowchart of cryptocurrency transfer according to an embodiment of the present application.
第6A與6B圖係根據本申請一實施例所述使用私有加密貨幣進行電商交易之流程圖。 Figures 6A and 6B are flowcharts of using private cryptocurrencies for e-commerce transactions according to an embodiment of the present application.
第7A~7C圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之數位通令交易介面之示意圖。 Figures 7A-7C are schematic diagrams of a digital transaction interface according to an embodiment of the present application.
本章節所敘述的是實施本申請之較佳方式,目的在於說明本申請之精神而非用以限定本申請之保護範圍,當可理解的是,使用於本說明書中的「包含」、「包括」等詞,係用以表示存在特定的技術特徵、數值、方法步驟、作業處理、元件以及/或組件,但並不排除可加上更多的技術特徵、數值、方法步驟、作業處理、元件、組件,或以上的任意組合。 This section describes the best way to implement this application, the purpose is to illustrate the spirit of this application and not to limit the scope of protection of this application, when it is understandable that the "comprising", "including "Is used to indicate the existence of specific technical features, values, method steps, operations, components, and/or components, but does not exclude the addition of more technical features, values, method steps, operations, components. , Components, or any combination of the above.
第1圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之數位通令交易環境之示意圖。 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a digital trading environment according to an embodiment of the present application.
如第1圖所示,數位通令交易環境100包括用戶端計算裝置110、120、基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130、金融機構伺服器140、網際網路150、電信網路160、以及無線存取點170。 As shown in FIG. 1, the
用戶端計算裝置110、120係由不同的消費者所使用,並分別透過電信網路160、以及無線存取點170連接至網際網路150,再進一步連接到彼此、或連接到基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130以進行數位通令交易,包括:數位通令之兌換(exchange)及轉帳(transfer)。 The
本申請所述數位通令係用以表示交易的實體,例如:法定貨幣、加密貨幣(或稱為代幣)、由所有權證書(title deeds)來證明所有權的任何物品(如:房屋、土地等)、無記名債券(bearer bond)、關聯至特定商品/服務的獨一無二識別碼(如:條碼、射頻識別碼等)、或取得特定服務的權利合約(也就是說,此處所指的交易實體是取得特定服務的權利)。舉例來說,當數位通令係關聯至加密貨幣時,它可以是區塊鏈中交易紀錄的一部分(如:標示交易實體的那部分資料)。 The digital pass mentioned in this application is an entity used to represent transactions, such as: fiat currency, cryptocurrency (or called tokens), any items (such as houses, land, etc.) that prove ownership by title deeds , Bearer bond, unique identification code (such as bar code, radio frequency identification code, etc.) associated with a specific product/service, or a right contract to obtain a specific service (that is, the transaction entity referred to here is to obtain a specific Service rights). For example, when the digital token is linked to a cryptocurrency, it can be part of the transaction record in the blockchain (eg, the part of the data that indicates the transaction entity).
為方便理解,本申請以下實施例所述數位通令係關聯至法定貨幣或加密貨幣,也就是說,以實體貨幣及虛擬貨幣之間的交易進行說明,但本發明不在此限。 For ease of understanding, the digital pass commands described in the following embodiments of the present application are related to legal currency or encrypted currency, that is, transactions between physical currency and virtual currency are described, but the invention is not limited thereto.
用戶端計算裝置110、120可各別為一具備網路通訊功能之計算裝置,如:智慧型手機、平板電腦、筆記型電腦、或桌上型電腦,其可透過瀏覽器或特定的行動應用程式(APP)為介面與基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130進行交易作業。 The
電信網路160可為一全球行動通訊系統(Global System for Mobile communications,GSM)、通用封包無線服務(General Packet Radio Service,GPRS)網路、全球增強型數據傳輸(Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution,EDGE)網路、 寬頻分碼多工存取(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access,WCDMA)網路、分碼多工存取-2000(Code Division Multiple Access 2000,CDMA-2000)網路、分時同步分碼多工存取(Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access,TD-SCDMA)網路、全球互通微波存取(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access,WiMAX)網路、長期演進(Long Term Evolution,LTE)網路、或分時長期演進(Time-Division LTE,TD-LTE)網路等,端視所使用的無線技術而定。其主要負責建立一無線廣域網路,以提供無線通訊服務給用戶端計算裝置110。 The
無線存取點170可使用短距無線技術,例如:無線保真(Wireless Fidelity,WiFi)技術、藍牙技術、群蜂(Zigbee)技術等,建立一無線區域網路,以提供無線通訊服務給用戶端計算裝置120。無線存取點170可透過乙太網(Ethernet)纜線連接至有線區域網路,再透過有線區域網路連接至網際網路150,其功能通常係用以接收、暫存、以及傳送用戶端計算裝置120之資料流量。 The
基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130包括區塊鏈模組131以及交易管理模組132,上述軟體模組可由程式碼所組成並由控制器載入執行,從而實現本申請的基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易方法。 The blockchain-based
區塊鏈模組131主要負責使用一區塊鏈技術建立私有鏈以發行及維護私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN、以及建立公有鏈以發行及維護公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH。由於私有鏈的特性,私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN僅限於基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130內進行交易;相較之下,公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH則可於公網上 的任一虛擬貨幣交易所進行交易,而不限於基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130內進行交易。 The blockchain module 131 is mainly responsible for establishing a private chain using a blockchain technology to issue and maintain the private cryptocurrency TWDT-COIN, and establishing a public chain to issue and maintain the public cryptocurrency TWDT-ETH. Due to the characteristics of the private chain, the private cryptocurrency TWDT-COIN is limited to transactions based on the blockchain-based
在一實施例,上述區塊鏈技術可以是乙太坊(Ethereum)技術,相應地,上述加密貨幣可根據乙太坊的ERC20標準所發行或產生。在另一實施例,上述區塊鏈技術可以是比特幣(Bitcoin)技術、萊特幣(Litecoin)技術、點點幣(Peercoin)技術、或其他的區塊鏈技術。 In one embodiment, the above-mentioned blockchain technology may be Ethereum (Ethereum) technology, and accordingly, the above-mentioned cryptocurrency may be issued or generated according to the ERC20 standard of Ethereum. In another embodiment, the above-mentioned blockchain technology may be Bitcoin technology, Litecoin technology, Peercoin technology, or other blockchain technology.
交易管理模組132主要係架設於區塊鏈模組131之上,負責使用區塊鏈模組131的功能以提供電子錢包(包括:用戶電子錢包、發行電子錢包、營運電子錢包)、數位通令交易、信託金管理、以及用戶驗證等功能。 The transaction management module 132 is mainly built on the blockchain module 131 and is responsible for using the functions of the blockchain module 131 to provide electronic wallets (including: user electronic wallets, issuing electronic wallets, operating electronic wallets), and digital pass-through Functions such as transaction, trust fund management, and user verification.
進一步說明,交易管理模組132會針對每個用戶端提供至少一相應之用戶電子錢包,而每個用戶電子錢包可記錄一或多個錢包地址、以及每個錢包地址存有多少加密貨幣。發行電子錢包係用以紀錄基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130在建立公有鏈及私有鏈之初所產生的加密貨幣總數、以及這些加密貨幣存在哪個錢包地址。營運電子錢包係用以紀錄基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130在營運時從發行電子錢包所提取出來用於數位通令交易的加密貨幣的單位數量、以及這些加密貨幣存在哪個錢包地址。舉例來說,如果基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130要發行一千億的加密貨幣,則發行電子錢包所紀錄的加密貨幣總數為1000億,之後,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130可從發行電子錢包提取1億到營運電子錢包,以提供數位通令交易之用。 To further explain, the transaction management module 132 will provide at least one corresponding user electronic wallet for each user terminal, and each user electronic wallet may record one or more wallet addresses and how many encrypted currencies are stored in each wallet address. The issuance of an electronic wallet is used to record the total number of cryptocurrencies generated by the blockchain-based digital
雖未繪示,數位通令交易環境100還可再包括一或多 個安全儲存裝置,供用戶端計算裝置110或120透過有線(如:通用序列匯流排(Universal Serial Bus,USB))或無線(如:藍牙(bluetooth))的方式連結以離線儲存每個用戶端自己的加密貨幣,換句話說,安全儲存裝置可被視為一種用戶端個人維護的電子錢包,而由於其可離線儲存的特性,一般又可被稱為冷錢包。 Although not shown, the
金融機構伺服器140係由金融機構(如:銀行)所架設,其主要負責提供應用程式介面(Application Programming Interface,API)讓交易管理模組132能夠與之進行信託金的存入以及提取操作。 The
進一步說明,用戶端計算裝置110、120透過基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130所進行的交易,包括:法定貨幣(如:新台幣NTD)兌換私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)或公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH)、私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)或公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH)兌換法定貨幣、私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)與公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH)之間相互兌換、私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)的轉帳、以及公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH)的轉帳。 To further explain, the transactions performed by the
值得注意的是,針對公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH)的轉帳,任一虛擬貨幣交易所、或基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130可收取一定的手續費。然而,針對私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)的轉帳,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130可不收取任何手續費(或稱為服務費)、或收取較低之手續費,因此可降低加密貨幣的使用門檻。 It is worth noting that for the transfer of public cryptocurrencies (such as TWDT-ETH), any virtual currency exchange or blockchain-based
以線上遊戲的支付方式為例,傳統上係由線上遊戲 商各自開發支付平台或透過超商代收以與遊戲玩家進行交易(如:購買遊戲點數、虛擬寶物的買賣等),相較之下,如果透過本申請的私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)來進行線上遊戲的交易支付,則可大幅節省線上遊戲商開發支付平台的成本,且無須支付超商高額的代收服務費。因此,私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)可成為跨遊戲業者(或其他應用服務領域)的統一支付媒體。 Take the payment method of online games as an example. Traditionally, online game companies have developed payment platforms or collected through hypermarkets to conduct transactions with game players (such as buying game points, buying and selling virtual treasures, etc.). Next, if you use this application's private cryptocurrency (such as TWDT-COIN) to pay for online game transactions, you can greatly save the cost of online game developers to develop payment platforms, and you don't need to pay high service fees for super merchants. Therefore, private cryptocurrencies (such as TWDT-COIN) can become a unified payment medium across game players (or other application service areas).
然而,在公有加密貨幣或私有加密貨幣要兌換回法定貨幣時,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130可依據兌換之單位數量收取一定比例的手續費。 However, when a public cryptocurrency or a private cryptocurrency is to be exchanged back to fiat currency, the blockchain-based
進一步說明,針對公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH)要兌換私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN),基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130不會收取手續費;但是針對私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)要兌換公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH),基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130會收取一定的手續費,其目的在於防止有心人為了規避私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)直接兌換回法定貨幣時所收取的手續費而將私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)先兌換成公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH)後再兌換回法定貨幣。 To further explain, for public cryptocurrencies (such as TWDT-ETH) to be exchanged for private cryptocurrencies (such as TWDT-COIN), the blockchain-based
另外,值得注意的是,私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)與公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH)的實際價值係恆常錨定於一法定貨幣(如:新台幣NTD)。舉例來說,一枚私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN的價值即等於1元新台幣,一枚公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH的價值也等於1元新台幣。因此,相較於其他加密貨幣,本申請所述之私有加密貨幣/公有加密貨幣其價值具有較高的 穩定性,而不容易發生貨幣價格暴跌或炒作的問題。 In addition, it is worth noting that the actual value of private cryptocurrencies (such as TWDT-COIN) and public cryptocurrencies (such as TWDT-ETH) is always anchored in a legal currency (such as NTD). For example, the value of a private cryptocurrency TWDT-COIN is equal to NT$1, and the value of a public cryptocurrency TWDT-ETH is equal to NT$1. Therefore, compared with other cryptocurrencies, the value of private cryptocurrencies/public cryptocurrencies mentioned in this application has high stability, and is not prone to problems of currency price plunge or hype.
且針對法定貨幣與私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN或公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH之間的兌換,交易管理模組132會根據兌換的單位數量決定相應於法定貨幣之金額,並且傳送包括該金額資訊之信託金存入/提領請求至金融機構伺服器140。舉例來說,如果用戶端用100元新台幣兌換了100枚私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN或公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH,則交易管理模組132在把100枚私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN或公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH兌換給用戶端的同時,還會將100元新台幣存入銀行的信託帳戶。因此,可確保流通中的私有加密貨幣/公有加密貨幣總數始終有相同數量的法定貨幣在銀行的信託帳戶中,使得本申請所述之私有加密貨幣/公有加密貨幣具有明確之償付能力。此外,信託帳戶可由專業審計師定期驗證其餘額並提供財務轉帳報表,且交易管理模組132還可透過網頁介面定時公布信託帳戶的餘額及財務轉帳報表,以進一步強化本申請所述之私有加密貨幣/公有加密貨幣的信託可靠性。 And for the exchange between fiat currency and private cryptocurrency TWDT-COIN or public cryptocurrency TWDT-ETH, the transaction management module 132 will determine the amount corresponding to the legal currency according to the number of units exchanged, and send the trust including the amount information The gold deposit/withdraw request is sent to the
當可理解的是,本申請所述交易中的法定貨幣亦可以指新台幣NTD以外的其他法定貨幣,例如:美金USD,而所述加密貨幣(如:USDT-ETH或USDT-COIN)的價值則可一比一錨定於美金USD。 When it is understandable, the legal currency in the transaction described in this application may also refer to other legal currencies other than the New Taiwan Dollar NTD, for example: United States dollar USD, and the value of the encrypted currency (such as: USDT-ETH or USDT-COIN) It can be anchored to the US dollar one to one.
第2圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130之硬體架構示意圖。 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of the blockchain-based
如第2圖所示,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130之硬體架構至少包括通訊裝置2100、控制器2200、儲存裝置2300、以及輸入輸出裝置2400。 As shown in FIG. 2, the hardware architecture of the blockchain-based
通訊裝置2100係用以提供網路連線至網際網路150,透過網際網路150可再連接至用戶端計算裝置110、120、以及金融機構伺服器140。通訊裝置2100可透過有線的方式提供網路連線,例如:乙太網(Ethernet)、光纖網路、或非對稱數位式用戶線路(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line,ADSL)等,或者,通訊裝置2100亦可透過無線的方式提供網路連線,例如使用無線保真技術、或其他電信網路技術。 The
控制器2200可為通用處理器、微處理器(Micro Control Unit,MCU)、應用處理器(Application Processor,AP)、或數位訊號處理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)等,其可包括各式電路邏輯,用以提供數據處理及運算之功能、控制通訊裝置2100的運作以提供網路連線、從儲存裝置2300讀取或儲存數據、以及從輸入輸出裝置2400接收或輸出訊號。特別是,控制器2200係用以協調控制通訊裝置2100、儲存裝置2300、以及輸入輸出裝置2400之運作,以執行本申請的基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易方法。 The
儲存裝置2300為非暫態(non-transitory)之電腦可讀取儲存媒體,例如:隨機存取記憶體(Random Access Memory,RAM)、快閃記憶體,或硬碟、光碟,或上述媒體之任意組合,用以儲存各式數據,包括:指令集、應用、以及/或通訊協定之程式碼等。特別是,儲存裝置2300還儲存有本申請的基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易方法的程式碼(如:區塊鏈模組131、以及交易管理模組132之程式碼),由控制器2200載入並執行。另外,儲存裝置2300還儲存有區塊鏈模組131、以及交易管理模組132運行時所產 生的資料,例如:區塊鏈模組131所產生的公有鏈及私有鏈、交易管理模組132所維護的電子錢包(包括:用戶電子錢包、發行電子錢包、營運電子錢包)資訊及錢包地址私鑰密文、用戶資料(包括:用戶身分資料)等。 The storage device 2300 is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as: random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), flash memory, or hard disk, optical disk, or one of the above media Any combination, used to store various data, including: instruction set, application, and/or communication protocol code, etc. In particular, the storage device 2300 also stores the code of the digital pass transaction method based on the blockchain (for example: the code of the blockchain module 131 and the transaction management module 132), which is loaded by the
輸入輸出裝置2400可包括括一或多個按鈕、鍵盤、滑鼠、觸控板、麥克風、喇叭、以及/或顯示裝置(例如:液晶顯示器、發光二極體顯示器、或電子紙顯示器等),用以作為人機介面與基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130的管理者互動。 The input/
當可理解的是,第2圖所示之元件僅用以提供一說明之範例,並非用以限制本申請之保護範圍。舉例來說,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130之硬體架構還可再包括其他元件,例如:電源供應器、以及/或額外的控制器(以增加運算能力)等。 It should be understood that the elements shown in FIG. 2 are only used to provide an illustrative example, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. For example, the hardware architecture of the blockchain-based
第3圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之法定貨幣兌換加密貨幣之流程圖。 FIG. 3 is a flowchart of converting fiat currency to encrypted currency according to an embodiment of the present application.
在此實施例,法定貨幣兌換加密貨幣可理解為不同數位通令之間的兌換,例如:將第一數位通令兌換為第二數位通令,其中第一數位通令關聯至法定貨幣(如:新台幣NTD),而第二數位通令關聯至加密貨幣(如:私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN、或公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH)。 In this embodiment, fiat currency conversion to cryptocurrency can be understood as the conversion between different digital passes, for example: converting the first digital pass to the second digital pass, where the first digital pass is associated with fiat currency (such as: NTD ), and the second digital pass is linked to cryptocurrencies (eg: private cryptocurrency TWDT-COIN, or public cryptocurrency TWDT-ETH).
首先,用戶端可操作用戶端計算裝置(如:用戶端計算裝置110或120)透過瀏覽器或行動應用程式登入基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130(步驟S301)。 First, the client can operate the client computing device (eg, the
接著,用戶端輸入要兌換的加密貨幣以及單位數量(步驟S302),然後基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130根據兌 換之單位數量決定相應於法定貨幣之金額(步驟S303)。 Next, the user terminal enters the encrypted currency to be exchanged and the number of units (step S302), and then the
舉例來說,如果用戶端想要兌換100枚私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN或公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH,那麼由於一枚私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN或公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH的價值即等於1元新台幣,所以相應於法定貨幣之金額即為100元新台幣。 For example, if the user wants to exchange 100 private cryptocurrencies TWDT-COIN or public cryptocurrency TWDT-ETH, then the value of one private cryptocurrency TWDT-COIN or public cryptocurrency TWDT-ETH is equal to 1 new TWD, so the amount corresponding to fiat currency is NT$100.
之後,用戶端將指定的法定貨幣金額透過超商代收或銀行匯款的方式進行付款(步驟S304)。基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130確認在有效時間內是否收到款項(步驟S305),若否,則回傳「交易失敗」的訊息給用戶端(步驟S306)。 Afterwards, the user terminal pays the designated amount of fiat currency by way of over-collection or bank transfer (step S304). The blockchain-based
接續步驟S305,如果在有效時間內收到款項,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130傳送包括該款項金額之信託金存入請求至金融機構伺服器140(步驟S307),也就是說,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130將收到的款項透過網路銀行的功能交付給金融機構伺服器140進行信託保管。 Following step S305, if the payment is received within the valid time, the blockchain-based
接續步驟S307,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130從營運電子錢包轉出用戶端指定要兌換的加密貨幣數量(步驟S308),轉出的加密貨幣再匯入用戶電子錢包(步驟S309),然後回傳「交易成功」的訊息給用戶端(步驟S310)。 Following step S307, the blockchain-based digital
第4圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之加密貨幣兌換法定貨幣之流程圖。 Figure 4 is a flow chart of the conversion of cryptocurrency to fiat currency according to an embodiment of the present application.
在此實施例,加密貨幣兌換法定貨幣可理解為不同數位通令之間的兌換,例如:將第一數位通令兌換為第二數位通令,其中第一數位通令關聯至加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN、或TWDT-ETH),而第二數位通令關聯至法定貨幣(如:新台幣NTD)。 In this embodiment, the conversion of cryptocurrency to fiat currency can be understood as the exchange between different digital pass, for example: the first digital pass is converted to the second digital pass, where the first digital pass is associated with the encrypted currency (eg: TWDT-COIN , Or TWDT-ETH), and the second digital pass is linked to fiat currency (e.g. NTD).
首先,用戶端可操作用戶端計算裝置(如:用戶端計算裝置110或120)透過瀏覽器或行動應用程式登入基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130(步驟S401),然後輸入要兌回的加密貨幣以及單位數量(步驟S402)。 First, the client can operate the client computing device (eg, the
接著,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130從用戶電子錢包轉出用戶端指定要兌回的加密貨幣數量(步驟S403),轉出的加密貨幣再匯入營運電子錢包(步驟S404)。 Next, the blockchain-based digital
之後,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130根據兌換之單位數量決定相應於法定貨幣之金額(步驟S405),並傳送包括該法定貨幣金額之信託金提領請求至金融機構伺服器140(步驟S406)。 After that, the blockchain-based
接著,金融機構伺服器140從信託帳戶中提領指定金額並匯入用戶端指定的收款銀行帳戶(步驟S407),並回傳「提領成功」的訊息給基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130(步驟S408)。 Next, the
最後,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130傳送「交易成功」的訊息給用戶端(步驟S409)。 Finally, the digital communication based on the blockchain makes the
在另一實施例,針對加密貨幣兌換法定貨幣,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130還可向用戶端收取一定比例的手續費,因此,所提領的信託金會扣除手續費之後再將剩餘的部分匯入用戶端指定的收款銀行帳戶,另外,手續費的部分則匯入基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130的手續費收款銀行帳戶。 In another embodiment, for the exchange of cryptocurrency to fiat currency, the
第5圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之加密貨幣轉帳之流程圖。 Figure 5 is a flowchart of cryptocurrency transfer according to an embodiment of the present application.
在此實施例,加密貨幣轉帳係指私有加密貨幣在私有鏈上所進行的轉帳、或公有加密貨幣在公有鏈上所進行的轉帳,例如:將私有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-COIN)或公有加密貨幣(如:TWDT-ETH)從一用戶電子錢包轉帳到另一用戶電子錢包。 In this embodiment, the cryptocurrency transfer refers to the transfer of private cryptocurrency on the private chain, or the transfer of public cryptocurrency on the public chain, for example: transfer of private cryptocurrency (such as: TWDT-COIN) or public Cryptocurrencies (such as TWDT-ETH) are transferred from one user's electronic wallet to another user's electronic wallet.
首先,用戶端可操作用戶端計算裝置(如:用戶端計算裝置110或120)透過瀏覽器或行動應用程式登入基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130(步驟S501),然後選擇要轉出的用戶電子錢包地址(步驟S502),並輸入交易資料(步驟S503)。在一實施例,交易資料可包括:轉帳金額(意即:多少單位數量的私有加密貨幣)、以及收款方的用戶電子錢包地址。 First, the client can operate the client computing device (eg, the
接著,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130根據該筆交易的資料建立交易訂單並取得訂單編號(步驟S504),然後,由用戶端輸入電子錢包密碼(步驟S505)。 Next, based on the blockchain-based
之後,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130根據該筆交易的資料決定進行該筆交易所需之相關參數(步驟S506),然後對該筆交易的資料進行簽章(步驟S507)。在一實施例,進行該筆交易所需之相關參數可包括:GasPrice、Nonce、EstimateGas等區塊鏈參數。 Afterwards, the
接續步驟S507,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130將該筆交易加入公有鏈或私有鏈(步驟S508),並取得該筆交易在公有鏈或私有鏈中的雜湊值(TxHash)(步驟S509)。 Following step S507, the block-based digital
最後,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130再根據雜湊值檢核公有鏈或私有鏈中的交易資料是否符合建立交易訂單時的交易資料(步驟S510),然後回傳「交易成功」的訊息給用 戶端(步驟S511)。 Finally, the blockchain-based digital
第6A與6B圖係根據本申請一實施例所述使用私有加密貨幣進行電商交易之流程圖。 Figures 6A and 6B are flowcharts of using private cryptocurrencies for e-commerce transactions according to an embodiment of the present application.
在此實施例,用戶端與電商皆為基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130的註冊會員並設定有各自的用戶電子錢包可進行私有加密貨幣的轉帳,進一步說明,用戶端與電商之間所進行的電商交易可使用各自的用戶電子錢包來進行付款及收款。 In this embodiment, both the client and the e-commerce are registered members of the
首先,用戶端可操作用戶端計算裝置(如:用戶端計算裝置110或120)透過瀏覽器或行動應用程式登入電商平台,並選定要購買的商品(如:遊戲點數)或服務(步驟S601)。 First, the client can operate the client computing device (such as the
接著,電商平台產生電商訂單編號、以及付款說明頁面以提供付款連結及收款電子錢包地址(步驟S602)。 Next, the e-commerce platform generates an e-commerce order number and a payment description page to provide a payment link and a payment e-wallet address (step S602).
透過付款連結,用戶端可連接並登入基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130(步驟S603),然後選擇付款的用戶電子錢包地址(步驟S604)。 Through the payment link, the user can connect and log in to the blockchain-based digital token transaction system 130 (step S603), and then select the payment user's e-wallet address (step S604).
之後,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130會產生付款內容頁面給用戶端(步驟S605),接著由用戶端輸入電子錢包密碼(步驟S606)。 After that, the
接續步驟S606,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130根據該筆交易的資料決定進行該筆交易所需之相關參數(步驟S607),然後對該筆交易的資料進行簽章(步驟S608)。在一實施例,進行該筆交易所需之相關參數可包括:GasPrice、Nonce、EstimateGas等區塊鏈參數。 Following step S606, the block-based
接續步驟S608,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130 將該筆交易加入私有鏈(步驟S609),並取得該筆交易在私有鏈中的雜湊值(步驟S610),然後回傳交易結果(預設為交易成功)、電商訂單編號、以及雜湊值給電商平台(步驟S611)。 Following step S608, the
接續步驟S611,由於交易結果為成功,所以電商平台根據雜湊值向基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130查詢私有鏈中的交易資料(步驟S612),然後檢核私有鏈中的交易資料是否符合電商訂單編號所對應的交易資料(步驟S613)。 Following step S611, since the transaction result is successful, the e-commerce platform queries the blockchain-based
接續步驟S613,如果不符合,電商平台回傳「交易失敗」的訊息給用戶端(步驟S614);反之,如果符合,電商平台則針對用戶端所選購的商品或服務進行出貨(步驟S615),並回傳「交易成功」的訊息給用戶端(步驟S616)。 Following step S613, if it does not match, the e-commerce platform returns a "transaction failed" message to the client (step S614); otherwise, if it matches, the e-commerce platform ships the goods or services purchased by the client ( Step S615), and returns the message "successful transaction" to the client (step S616).
第7A~7C圖係根據本申請一實施例所述之數位通令交易介面之示意圖。 Figures 7A-7C are schematic diagrams of a digital transaction interface according to an embodiment of the present application.
在此實施例,數位通令交易介面可以是以網頁介面或行動應用程式介面來呈現,也就是說,用戶端可操作用戶端計算裝置(如:用戶端計算裝置110或120)透過瀏覽器或行動應用程式登入基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130。 In this embodiment, the digital transaction interface can be presented as a web interface or a mobile application interface, that is, the client can operate the client computing device (such as the
如第7A圖所示,數位通令交易介面700包括了「區塊鏈類型」欄位702、「錢包地址」欄位704、「加密貨幣」欄位706、708、以及「交易紀錄」欄位710。 As shown in FIG. 7A, the
「區塊鏈類型」欄位702可為一下拉式選單,讓用戶端選擇要交易的加密貨幣所屬的區塊鏈類型,包括:公有鏈、私有鏈。其中公有鏈包括了乙太幣ETH、以及公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH,私有鏈則包括了私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN。在此實 施例,用戶端選擇了要對公有鏈的加密貨幣進行交易。 The "Blockchain Type"
「錢包地址」欄位704用以顯示一電子錢包之地址,該地址可理解為用以識別該電子錢包的一個獨一無二的識別碼(如:0xf329452d12e123f1ce8dfc3a101aa56108ff0dcc)。當用戶端想要使用這個電子錢包進行收款時,可將該地址透過二維碼或複製的方式傳遞給匯款方(即圖示的「二維碼」、及「複製地址」功能)。 The "wallet address"
在另一實施例,為了方便用戶端記憶及使用,錢包地址亦可以用其他與使用者較為切身、且獨一無二的識別碼來標示,例如:身分證字號、護照號碼、電子郵件地址、或電話號碼、或上述之任意組合。相應地,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130則可於交易時,再將上述之身分證字號、護照號碼、電子郵件地址、或電話號碼轉換為真正的錢包地址(如:0xf329452d12e123f1ce8dfc3a101aa56108ff0dcc)。 In another embodiment, in order to facilitate the memory and use of the user terminal, the wallet address can also be marked with other unique identifiers that are more personal to the user, such as: ID number, passport number, email address, or phone number , Or any combination of the above. Correspondingly, the
另外,由於每個電子錢包地址都有一個相應的私鑰用於區塊鏈交易,「錢包地址」欄位704還提供了「導出私鑰」功能,可以將私鑰及錢包地址加密後產生的密文儲存在基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130(加密所使用的密碼只有用戶端知悉),日後若用戶端需要在不同的用戶端計算裝置上使用電子錢包功能進行交易時,即可從基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130載入私鑰及錢包地址。 In addition, since each e-wallet address has a corresponding private key for blockchain transactions, the "wallet address"
「加密貨幣」欄位706、708係分別用以顯示該電子錢包中不同加密貨幣的單位數量。舉例來說,在此實施例,該電子錢包中有2.2299919030465448枚乙太幣ETH、以及 99999898302枚公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH。 The "cryptocurrency" fields 706 and 708 are used to display the number of units of different cryptocurrencies in the e-wallet, respectively. For example, in this embodiment, there are 2.2299919030465448 ETH and 99999898302 public cryptocurrency TWDT-ETH in the electronic wallet.
此外,「加密貨幣」欄位706、708還提供「充值」、以及「轉帳」之功能,其中「充值」功能係指以法定貨幣兌換乙太幣ETH、或公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH,當用戶端點選了此功能,交易介面可進一步轉換到基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130所提供的入金網頁介面。「轉帳」功能係指將乙太幣ETH、或公有加密貨幣TWDT-ETH轉移到其他電子錢包,當用戶端點選了此功能,交易介面可進一步轉換到基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130所提供的轉帳網頁介面,如第7B圖所示,由用戶端輸入收款方的電子錢包地址、交易的貨幣單位數量、密碼、以及區塊鏈參數(如:GasLimit、GasPrice等)。 In addition, the "cryptocurrency" fields 706 and 708 also provide the functions of "recharge" and "transfer". The "recharge" function refers to the exchange of fiat currency to ether ETH or public cryptocurrency TWDT-ETH. The endpoint selects this function, and the transaction interface can be further converted to the deposit web page interface provided by the blockchain-based digital
「交易紀錄」欄位710係用以顯示該地址的電子錢包過去的交易紀錄,如第7C圖所示,交易紀錄包括:每次兌換、以及轉帳的資訊(如:收款方的電子錢包地址、交易金額、交易時間等)。 The "Transaction Record"
另外,在交易過程當中,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130還提供安全驗證機制,針對發起方及接收方的用戶身分、以及帳戶進行驗證,以提升交易的安全性,並且可達到防制洗錢以及打擊資助恐怖主義之效果。 In addition, during the transaction process, the blockchain-based digital
明確來說,用戶身分驗證可藉由核對用戶端的一或多個身分證件的資料(例如:護照/身分證號碼、發證日期、有效期限、居住地址等)來進行,而帳戶驗證可藉由金融機構所提供的一元驗證功能(一般係指將1元法定貨幣轉帳到該帳戶並以轉帳結果來檢驗該帳戶是否存在)來進行。 Specifically, user identity verification can be performed by checking the information of one or more identity documents on the client (eg passport/identity card number, date of issuance, validity period, residential address, etc.), and account verification can be performed by The one-factor verification function provided by financial institutions (generally refers to transferring 1 yuan of legal currency to the account and verifying the existence of the account based on the transfer result).
安全驗證機制的觸發條件包括:當用戶端在私有鏈的電子錢包地址上要接受轉入超過一預定門檻之金額(如:50萬枚私有加密貨幣TWDT-COIN)時、當用戶端要將私有加密貨幣兌換為公有加密貨幣時、當用戶端要將私有加密貨幣兌換為法定貨幣時、以及當用戶端要使用公有鏈進行交易時(如:公有加密貨幣之兌換或轉帳)。 The triggering conditions of the security verification mechanism include: when the user terminal accepts an amount that exceeds a predetermined threshold on the e-wallet address of the private chain (for example: 500,000 private cryptocurrencies TWDT-COIN), When the cryptocurrency is converted into a public cryptocurrency, when the client wants to convert the private cryptocurrency into fiat currency, and when the client wants to use the public chain for transactions (such as: public cryptocurrency exchange or transfer).
再者,為了使電子錢包管理功能更為完善,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130還提供用戶端忘記電子錢包密碼時另創電子錢包的附加服務。明確來說,當用戶端丟失了電子錢包之密碼時,基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統130會對用乎端進行身分驗證,當身分驗證通過後,再將原電子錢包所記錄的加密貨幣轉帳到新的電子錢包。 In addition, in order to make the electronic wallet management function more perfect, the
本申請雖以各種實施例揭露如上,然而其僅為範例參考而非用以限定本申請的範圍,任何熟習此項技藝者,在不脫離本申請之精神和範圍內,當可做些許的更動與潤飾。因此上述實施例並非用以限定本申請之範圍,本申請之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 Although this application has been disclosed in various embodiments as above, it is only for reference and not for limiting the scope of this application. Anyone who is familiar with this skill can make some changes without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. With retouch. Therefore, the above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of this application, and the scope of protection of this application shall be deemed as defined by the scope of the attached patent application.
於申請專利範圍中所使用的「第一」、「第二」等詞係用來修飾權利要求中的元件,並非用來表示之間具有優先權順序,先行關係,或者是一個元件先於另一個元件,或者是執行方法步驟時的時間先後順序,僅用來區別具有相同名字的元件。 The terms "first" and "second" used in the scope of the patent application are used to modify the elements in the claims, not to indicate that there is a priority order, prior relationship, or that an element precedes another. An element, or the chronological sequence when performing method steps, is only used to distinguish elements with the same name.
1000‧‧‧數位通令交易環境 1000‧‧‧Digital trading environment
110、120‧‧‧用戶端計算裝置 110、120‧‧‧Client computing device
130‧‧‧基於區塊鏈的數位通令交易系統 130‧‧‧Blockchain-based digital trading system
131‧‧‧區塊鏈模組 131‧‧‧ Blockchain module
132‧‧‧交易管理模組 132‧‧‧Transaction Management Module
140‧‧‧金融機構伺服器 140‧‧‧Financial institution server
150‧‧‧網際網路 150‧‧‧Internet
160‧‧‧電信網路 160‧‧‧Telecommunication network
170‧‧‧無線存取點 170‧‧‧Wireless access point
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