TW202004108A - Mixed refrigerant liquefaction system and method with pre-cooling - Google Patents

Mixed refrigerant liquefaction system and method with pre-cooling Download PDF

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Publication number
TW202004108A
TW202004108A TW108113381A TW108113381A TW202004108A TW 202004108 A TW202004108 A TW 202004108A TW 108113381 A TW108113381 A TW 108113381A TW 108113381 A TW108113381 A TW 108113381A TW 202004108 A TW202004108 A TW 202004108A
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Taiwan
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heat exchanger
cooling
refrigerant
mixed refrigerant
flow
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TW108113381A
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Chinese (zh)
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TWI729379B (en
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Ｊｒ 道格拉斯Ａ 道可
提莫西Ｐ 蓋滋南斯
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美商圖表能源與化學有限公司
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J1/0055—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
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    • F25J1/009—Hydrocarbons with four or more carbon atoms
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0092—Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen
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    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0097—Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof
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    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
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    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
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    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0215—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J1/0214—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle
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    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
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    • F25J1/0292—Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas
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    • F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
    • F25J1/0297—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink using an externally chilled fluid, e.g. chilled water
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/0204—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the feed stream
    • F25J3/0209—Natural gas or substitute natural gas
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    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/04—Mixing or blending of fluids with the feed stream
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    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
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    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
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    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/906—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by heat driven absorption chillers

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Abstract

A system for cooling a gas includes a pre-cool heat exchanger and a liquefaction heat exchanger. The pre-cool heat exchanger uses a pre-cool refrigerant to pre-cool a feed gas stream prior to the stream being directed to a liquefaction heat exchanger. The liquefaction heat exchanger uses a mixed refrigerant to further cool the pre-cooled gas. The pre-cool heat exchanger also pre-cools the liquefaction mixed refrigerant used by the liquefaction heat exchanger.

Description

具有預冷卻的混和製冷劑液化系統和方法Liquid refrigerant liquefaction system and method with pre-cooling

本申請要求2018年4月20日提交的美國臨時申請第62/660,518號的優先權，該美國臨時申請的內容由此以引用的方式併入本文。This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/660,518 filed on April 20, 2018, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

本發明總體來說涉及用於冷卻或液化氣體的系統和方法，並且更具體來說，涉及混合製冷劑液化系統和方法，所述混合製冷劑液化系統和方法使用冷蒸汽分離以將高壓混合製冷劑蒸汽分餾成液體和蒸汽流，並且包括用於使用第二製冷劑來預冷卻進料氣體流和一個或多個混合製冷劑流的子系統。The present invention relates generally to systems and methods for cooling or liquefying gases, and more particularly to mixed refrigerant liquefaction systems and methods that use cold steam separation to refrigerated high-pressure mixtures The refrigerant vapor is fractionated into liquid and vapor streams, and includes a subsystem for using the second refrigerant to pre-cool the feed gas stream and one or more mixed refrigerant streams.

主要為甲烷的天然氣，和其他氣體在壓力下液化以用於存儲和運輸。由液化引起的體積減小允許更實際和經濟型設計的容器被使用。液化通常通過一個或多個製冷循環經由間接熱交換使氣體冷卻實現。這樣的製冷循環由於所需要的設備的複雜性和製冷劑的所需要的性能效率而在設備成本和操作兩方面為昂貴的。因此，需要具有改進的製冷效率和降低的操作成本與降低的複雜性的氣體冷卻和液化系統。Natural gas, mainly methane, and other gases are liquefied under pressure for storage and transportation. The volume reduction caused by liquefaction allows the use of more practical and economical designed containers. Liquefaction is usually achieved by one or more refrigeration cycles via indirect heat exchange to cool the gas. Such a refrigeration cycle is expensive in terms of equipment cost and operation due to the complexity of the equipment required and the required performance efficiency of the refrigerant. Therefore, there is a need for gas cooling and liquefaction systems with improved refrigeration efficiency and reduced operating costs and reduced complexity.

用於液化系統的(多個）製冷循環中的混合製冷劑的使用提高效率，因為製冷劑的加熱曲線更緊密地匹配氣體的冷卻曲線。用於液化系統的製冷循環將通常包括用於調節或處理混合製冷劑的壓縮系統。混合製冷劑壓縮系統通常包括一個或多個級，其中每個級包括壓縮機、冷卻器以及分離和液體蓄積器裝置。離開壓縮機的蒸汽在冷卻器中被冷卻，並且所得兩相或混合相流被引導到分離和液體蓄積器裝置，蒸汽和液體從所述分離和液體蓄積器裝置離開，以用於進一步處理和/或引導到液化熱交換器。The use of mixed refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle(s) used in the liquefaction system increases efficiency because the heating curve of the refrigerant more closely matches the cooling curve of the gas. The refrigeration cycle used in the liquefaction system will usually include a compression system for conditioning or processing the mixed refrigerant. Mixed refrigerant compression systems typically include one or more stages, where each stage includes a compressor, a cooler, and a separation and liquid accumulator device. The steam leaving the compressor is cooled in the cooler, and the resulting two-phase or mixed-phase flow is directed to the separation and liquid accumulator device, from which the steam and liquid exit for further processing and /Or directed to the liquefaction heat exchanger.

來自壓縮系統的混合製冷劑的分離液體和蒸汽相可被引導到熱交換器的部分以提供更有效的冷卻。這類系統的實例在共同擁有的Gushanas等人的美國專利第9,441,877號、Ducote等人的美國專利申請公開第US 2014/0260415號和Ducote等人的美國專利申請公開第US 2016/0298898號中提供，所述專利中每一個的內容由此以引用的方式併入本文。The separated liquid and vapor phases of the mixed refrigerant from the compression system can be directed to parts of the heat exchanger to provide more efficient cooling. Examples of such systems are provided in commonly owned Gushanas et al. US Patent No. 9,441,877, Ducote et al. US Patent Application Publication No. US 2014/0260415 and Ducote et al. US Patent Application Publication No. US 2016/0298898 The content of each of the patents is hereby incorporated by reference.

氣體冷卻和液化系統中的冷卻效率的進一步提高和操作成本的降低是合意的。It is desirable to further increase the cooling efficiency in gas cooling and liquefaction systems and reduce operating costs.

存在本主題的可單獨地或一起體現於所描述並在以下要求的方法、裝置和系統中的若干方面。這些方面可單獨地或與本文所描述的主題的其他方面結合使用，並且這些方面一起的描述不意圖排除如本文所附專利範圍中所闡述的這些方面單獨的使用或這些方面單獨或以不同組合的請求。There are several aspects of the subject matter that can be embodied individually or together in the methods, devices, and systems described and claimed below. These aspects can be used alone or in combination with other aspects of the subject matter described herein, and the description of these aspects together is not intended to exclude the use of these aspects alone or these aspects alone or in different combinations as set forth in the patent scope appended hereto Request.

在一方面，一種用於利用預冷卻製冷劑和混合製冷劑冷卻氣體的系統，包括預冷卻熱交換器，所述預冷卻熱交換器具有適於接收進料氣體流的進料氣體入口和進料氣體出口、預冷卻製冷劑入口和預冷卻製冷劑出口以及液化混合製冷劑入口和液化混合製冷劑出口。所述預冷卻熱交換器被構造來使用所述預冷卻製冷劑以冷卻在所述進料氣體入口與所述進料氣體出口之間穿過所述預冷卻熱交換器的進料氣體，並且冷卻在所述液化混合製冷劑入口與所述液化混合製冷劑出口之間穿過所述預冷卻熱交換器的液化混合製冷劑。預冷卻壓縮機系統包括預冷卻壓縮機，所述預冷卻壓縮機具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述預冷卻製冷劑出口流體連通的入口。所述預冷卻壓縮機系統還具有預冷卻冷凝器，所述預冷卻冷凝器具有與所述預冷卻壓縮機的出口流體連通的入口。所述預冷卻冷凝器還具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述預冷卻製冷劑入口流體連通的出口。液化熱交換器包括與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述進料氣體出口流體連通的液化通道、初級製冷通道、高壓蒸汽冷卻通道和冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道，其中所述冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道具有與所述初級製冷通道流體連通的出口。混合製冷劑壓縮系統包括具有與所述初級製冷通道的出口流體連通的入口的混合製冷劑壓縮機和具有與所述混合製冷劑壓縮機的出口流體連通的入口的混合製冷劑冷卻器。所述混合製冷劑冷卻器還具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述液化混合製冷劑入口流體連通的出口。所述混合製冷劑壓縮系統還具有高壓蓄積器，所述高壓蓄積器具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述液化混合製冷劑出口流體連通的入口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述高壓蒸汽冷卻通道的入口流體連通的蒸汽出口。冷蒸汽分離器具有與所述液化熱交換器的所述高壓蒸汽冷卻通道的出口流體連通的入口、與所述液化熱交換器的所述冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道的入口流體連通的蒸汽出口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述初級製冷通道連通的液體出口。In one aspect, a system for cooling gas using pre-cooled refrigerant and mixed refrigerant includes a pre-cooled heat exchanger having a feed gas inlet and a feed gas adapted to receive a flow of feed gas Feed gas outlet, pre-cooling refrigerant inlet and pre-cooling refrigerant outlet, and liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet. The pre-cooling heat exchanger is configured to use the pre-cooling refrigerant to cool the feed gas passing through the pre-cooling heat exchanger between the feed gas inlet and the feed gas outlet, and Cooling the liquefied mixed refrigerant passing through the pre-cooling heat exchanger between the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet. The pre-cooling compressor system includes a pre-cooling compressor having an inlet in fluid communication with the pre-cooling refrigerant outlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger. The pre-cooling compressor system also has a pre-cooling condenser having an inlet in fluid communication with an outlet of the pre-cooling compressor. The pre-cooling condenser also has an outlet in fluid communication with the pre-cooling refrigerant inlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger. The liquefaction heat exchanger includes a liquefaction channel, a primary refrigeration channel, a high-pressure steam cooling channel, and a cold separator steam cooling channel in fluid communication with the feed gas outlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger, wherein the cold separator steam is cooled The channel has an outlet in fluid communication with the primary refrigeration channel. The mixed refrigerant compression system includes a mixed refrigerant compressor having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the primary refrigeration channel and a mixed refrigerant cooler having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the mixed refrigerant compressor. The mixed refrigerant cooler also has an outlet in fluid communication with the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger. The mixed refrigerant compression system also has a high-pressure accumulator having an inlet in fluid communication with the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger and the liquefied heat exchanger The steam outlet of the high-pressure steam cooling channel is in fluid communication with the inlet. The cold steam separator has an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the high-pressure steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger, a steam outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of the cold separator steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger, and A liquid outlet communicating with the primary refrigeration channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger.

在另一方面，一種用於冷卻進料氣體流的方法包括以下步驟：使用第一製冷劑在預冷卻熱交換器中預冷卻所述進料氣體流以形成預冷卻的進料氣體流，和通過以下操作進一步冷卻所述預冷卻的進料氣體流：i）在所述預冷卻熱交換器中冷卻高壓第二製冷劑流以形成冷卻的高壓第二製冷劑流，ii）分離所述冷卻的高壓第二製冷劑流以形成高壓蒸汽流和高壓液體流，iii）在液化熱交換器中冷卻所述高壓蒸汽流，以形成混合相流；iv）以冷蒸汽分離器分離所述混合相流以形成冷分離器蒸汽流和冷分離器液體流，v）使用所述第二製冷劑在所述液化熱交換器中使所述冷分離器蒸汽流冷凝並閃蒸，以形成冷溫製冷劑流，vi）將所述冷溫製冷劑流引導到所述液化熱交換器，vii）使所述高壓液體流過冷以形成過冷的高壓液體流並與所述液化熱交換器中的所述冷溫製冷劑流組合；viii）使所述冷分離器液體流過冷以形成過冷的冷分離器液體流並與所述液化熱交換器中的所述冷溫製冷劑流組合，和ix）使所述液化熱交換器中的所述預冷卻的氣體流與所述冷溫製冷劑流熱接觸。In another aspect, a method for cooling a feed gas stream includes the steps of: pre-cooling the feed gas stream in a pre-cooling heat exchanger using a first refrigerant to form a pre-cooled feed gas stream, and The pre-cooled feed gas stream is further cooled by: i) cooling the high-pressure second refrigerant stream in the pre-cooling heat exchanger to form a cooled high-pressure second refrigerant stream, ii) separating the cooling High-pressure second refrigerant flow to form a high-pressure steam flow and a high-pressure liquid flow, iii) cooling the high-pressure steam flow in a liquefaction heat exchanger to form a mixed phase flow; iv) separating the mixed phase with a cold steam separator Stream to form a cold separator vapor stream and a cold separator liquid stream, v) condensing and flashing the cold separator vapor stream in the liquefaction heat exchanger using the second refrigerant to form cold temperature refrigeration Agent flow, vi) directing the cold temperature refrigerant flow to the liquefaction heat exchanger, vii) causing the high-pressure liquid flow to subcool to form a supercooled high-pressure liquid flow The cold-temperature refrigerant flow combination; viii) causing the cold separator liquid flow to be sub-cooled to form a sub-cooled cold separator liquid flow and combined with the cold-temperature refrigerant flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger, And ix) bringing the pre-cooled gas stream in the liquefaction heat exchanger into thermal contact with the cold warm refrigerant stream.

在另一方面，一種用於利用混合製冷劑冷卻進料氣體的系統包括預冷卻熱交換器，所述預冷卻熱交換器具有被構造來接收預冷卻製冷劑流的預冷卻製冷劑入口和預冷卻製冷劑出口以及液化混合製冷劑入口和液化混合製冷劑出口。所述預冷卻熱交換器被構造來使用所述預冷卻製冷劑冷卻在所述液化混合製冷劑入口與所述液化混合製冷劑出口之間穿過所述預冷卻熱交換器的液化混合製冷劑。液化熱交換器包括被構造來接收所述進料氣體的流的液化通道、初級製冷通道、高壓蒸汽冷卻通道和冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道，其中所述冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道具有與所述初級製冷通道流體連通的出口。混合製冷劑壓縮系統包括混合製冷劑壓縮機，所述混合製冷劑壓縮機具有與所述初級製冷通道的出口流體連通的入口。所述混合製冷劑壓縮系統還包括混合製冷劑冷卻器，所述混合製冷劑冷卻器具有與所述混合製冷劑壓縮機的出口流體連通的入口。所述混合製冷劑冷卻器具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述液化混合製冷劑入口流體連通的出口。所述混合製冷劑壓縮系統還包括高壓蓄積器，所述高壓蓄積器具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述液化混合製冷劑出口流體連通的入口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述高壓蒸汽冷卻通道的入口流體連通的蒸汽出口。冷蒸汽分離器具有與所述液化熱交換器的所述高壓蒸汽冷卻通道的出口流體連通的入口、與所述液化熱交換器的所述冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道的入口流體連通的蒸汽出口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述初級製冷通道連通的液體出口。In another aspect, a system for cooling feed gas with a mixed refrigerant includes a pre-cooling heat exchanger having a pre-cooling refrigerant inlet and a pre-cooling refrigerant inlet configured to receive a pre-cooling refrigerant flow Cooling refrigerant outlet, liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet. The pre-cooling heat exchanger is configured to use the pre-cooling refrigerant to cool the liquefied mixed refrigerant passing through the pre-cooled heat exchanger between the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet . A liquefaction heat exchanger includes a liquefaction channel configured to receive the flow of the feed gas, a primary refrigeration channel, a high-pressure steam cooling channel, and a cold separator vapor cooling channel, wherein the cold separator vapor cooling channel has a The outlet of the cooling channel in fluid communication. The mixed refrigerant compression system includes a mixed refrigerant compressor having an inlet in fluid communication with an outlet of the primary refrigeration channel. The mixed refrigerant compression system further includes a mixed refrigerant cooler having an inlet in fluid communication with an outlet of the mixed refrigerant compressor. The mixed refrigerant cooler has an outlet in fluid communication with the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger. The mixed refrigerant compression system further includes a high-pressure accumulator having an inlet in fluid communication with the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger and the liquefied heat exchanger The steam outlet of the high-pressure steam cooling channel is in fluid communication with the inlet. The cold steam separator has an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the high-pressure steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger, a steam outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of the cold separator steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger, and A liquid outlet communicating with the primary refrigeration channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger.

在另一方面，一種用於冷卻進料氣體流的方法包括以下步驟：將所述進料氣體流引導到液化熱交換器中；在預冷卻熱交換器中冷卻高壓混合製冷劑流以形成冷卻的高壓混合製冷劑流和通過以下操作冷卻所述液化熱交換器中的所述進料氣體流：i）分離所述冷卻的高壓混合製冷劑流以形成高壓蒸汽流和高壓液體流，ii）在所述液化熱交換器中冷卻所述高壓蒸汽流以形成混合相流，iii）以冷蒸汽分離器分離所述混合相流以形成冷分離器蒸汽流和冷分離器液體流，iv）在所述液化熱交換器中使所述冷分離器蒸汽流冷凝並閃蒸以形成冷溫製冷劑流，v）將所述冷溫製冷劑流引導到所述液化熱交換器，vi）在所述液化熱交換器中使所述高壓液體流過冷以形成過冷的高壓液體流並與所述液化熱交換器中的所述冷溫製冷劑流組合；vii）使所述冷分離器液體流過冷以形成過冷的冷分離器液體流並與所述液化熱交換器中的所述冷溫製冷劑流組合；以及viii）使所述液化熱交換器中的所述氣體流與所述冷溫製冷劑流熱接觸。In another aspect, a method for cooling a feed gas stream includes the steps of: directing the feed gas stream into a liquefaction heat exchanger; cooling a high-pressure mixed refrigerant stream in a pre-cooling heat exchanger to form a cooling High-pressure mixed refrigerant flow and cooling the feed gas flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger by: i) separating the cooled high-pressure mixed refrigerant flow to form a high-pressure steam flow and a high-pressure liquid flow, ii) Cooling the high-pressure steam flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger to form a mixed phase flow, iii) separating the mixed phase flow with a cold steam separator to form a cold separator steam flow and a cold separator liquid flow, iv) in Condensing and flashing the cold separator vapor stream in the liquefaction heat exchanger to form a cold warm refrigerant stream, v) directing the cold warm refrigerant stream to the liquefaction heat exchanger, vi) in the In the liquefaction heat exchanger, the high-pressure liquid flow is subcooled to form a supercooled high-pressure liquid flow and combined with the cold temperature refrigerant flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger; vii) the cold separator liquid Flow subcooling to form a subcooled cold separator liquid flow and combine it with the cold warm refrigerant flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger; and viii) the gas flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger The cold temperature refrigerant flow is in thermal contact.

本發明的混合製冷劑液化系統和方法的實施方式例示於圖1-5中。應注意，雖然以下就對天然氣進行液化以產生液體天然氣而言例示並描述實施方式，但是本發明可用來液化或冷卻其他類型的氣體。Embodiments of the mixed refrigerant liquefaction system and method of the present invention are illustrated in FIGS. 1-5. It should be noted that although the embodiments are exemplified and described below in terms of liquefying natural gas to produce liquid natural gas, the present invention may be used to liquefy or cool other types of gas.

本發明的實施方式可使用共同擁有的Gushanas等人的美國專利第9,441,877號；Ducote等人的美國專利申請公開第2014/0260415號、美國專利申請第14/218,949號，和Ducote等人的美國專利申請第62/561,417號中所描述的混合製冷劑液化系統和過程，所述專利中每一個的內容由此以引用的方式併入本文。Embodiments of the present invention can use commonly owned US Patent No. 9,441,877 of Gushanas et al.; US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0260415 of Ducote et al., US Patent Application No. 14/218,949, and US patent of Ducote et al. The mixed refrigerant liquefaction system and process described in application No. 62/561,417, the contents of each of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

本文中應注意，通道和流兩者有時通過圖中列出的相同附圖標記指代。另外，如本文所使用，並且如本領域中已知，熱交換器為其中在不同溫度處的兩個或更多個流之間，或流與環境之間發生間接熱交換的裝置或裝置中的區域。如本文所使用，術語“連通(communication/communicating）”等通常指代流體連通，除非另有指定。此外，儘管連通的兩個流體可在混合時交換熱，但是此交換將不被視為與熱交換器中的熱交換相同，儘管此交換可發生在熱交換器中。如本文所使用，術語“降低……的壓力”(或其變形）不涉及相變，而術語“閃蒸”(或其變形）涉及相變，甚至包括部分相變。如本文所使用，術語“高”、“中間”、“中”、“暖”等相對於可比較的流，如本領域中的慣常用法。It should be noted herein that both channels and flows are sometimes referred to by the same reference signs listed in the figures. In addition, as used herein, and as known in the art, a heat exchanger is a device or device in which indirect heat exchange occurs between two or more streams at different temperatures, or between a stream and the environment Area. As used herein, the terms "communication/communicating" and the like generally refer to fluid communication unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, although the two fluids in communication can exchange heat when mixed, this exchange will not be considered the same as heat exchange in the heat exchanger, although this exchange may occur in the heat exchanger. As used herein, the term "reducing the pressure of" (or its deformation) does not involve a phase change, while the term "flashing" (or its deformation) relates to a phase change, and even includes a partial phase change. As used herein, the terms "high", "intermediate", "medium", "warm", etc. refer to comparable flows, as is common practice in the art.

總體來說，參考圖1，本發明的第一實施方式系統包括總體地以8指示的混合製冷劑液化系統，所述混合製冷劑液化系統包括總體地以10指示的多流液化熱交換器，所述多流液化熱交換器具有暖端12和冷端14。熱交換器接收預冷卻天然氣進料流16，所述預冷卻天然氣進料流在冷卻或液化通道18中通過經由與熱交換器中的製冷流的熱交換的熱移除而液化。因此，產生液體天然氣(LNG）產品流20。熱交換器的多流設計允許若干流便利和能量高效的整合到單個交換器中。合適的熱交換器包括可從得克薩斯州的The Woodlands的Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc.採購的釺焊鋁熱交換器。這樣的板翅式多流熱交換器提供物理上緊湊的進一步優點。In general, referring to FIG. 1, a first embodiment system of the present invention includes a mixed refrigerant liquefaction system indicated generally at 8 which includes a multi-flow liquefaction heat exchanger indicated generally at 10, The multi-flow liquefaction heat exchanger has a warm end 12 and a cold end 14. The heat exchanger receives a pre-cooled natural gas feed stream 16, which is liquefied in the cooling or liquefaction channel 18 by heat removal via heat exchange with the refrigeration stream in the heat exchanger. Therefore, a liquid natural gas (LNG) product stream 20 is produced. The multi-stream design of the heat exchanger allows the convenient and energy-efficient integration of several streams into a single exchanger. Suitable heat exchangers include brazed aluminum heat exchangers available from Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. of The Woodlands, Texas. Such a plate-fin multi-flow heat exchanger provides the further advantage of being physically compact.

圖1的系統包括熱交換器10，可被構造來執行現有技術中已知的其他氣體處理選擇。這些處理選擇可需要氣體流離開並再次進入熱交換器一次或多次，並且可包括例如天然氣液體回收或除氮。The system of FIG. 1 includes a heat exchanger 10 that can be configured to perform other gas treatment options known in the art. These treatment options may require the gas stream to exit and re-enter the heat exchanger one or more times and may include, for example, natural gas liquid recovery or nitrogen removal.

熱移除在熱交換器中使用混合製冷劑實現，所述混合製冷劑使用總體地在22處指示的液化系統混合製冷劑壓縮機系統加以處理並重新調節。混合製冷劑壓縮機系統包括第一級吸鼓24，所述第一級吸鼓接收來自熱交換器10的初級製冷通道28的混合製冷劑蒸汽流26。蒸汽流在第一級壓縮機32 (所述第一級壓縮機可為單獨壓縮機或單個多級壓縮機的一個級）中被壓縮並且然後通過第一級熱交換器或冷卻器34冷卻。所得混合製冷劑蒸汽流行進到第二級吸鼓35並且然後到第二級壓縮機36 (所述第二級壓縮機可為單獨壓縮機或單個多級壓縮機的一個級），並且在壓縮之後，在第二級熱交換器或冷卻器38中被冷卻。Heat removal is achieved in the heat exchanger using a mixed refrigerant that is processed and reconditioned using the liquefaction system mixed refrigerant compressor system indicated generally at 22. The mixed refrigerant compressor system includes a first stage suction drum 24 that receives the mixed refrigerant vapor stream 26 from the primary refrigeration passage 28 of the heat exchanger 10. The steam stream is compressed in the first-stage compressor 32 (which may be a single compressor or one stage of a single multi-stage compressor) and then cooled by a first-stage heat exchanger or cooler 34. The resulting mixed refrigerant vapor flows into the second-stage suction drum 35 and then to the second-stage compressor 36 (the second-stage compressor may be a single compressor or a stage of a single multi-stage compressor), and compresses After that, it is cooled in the second-stage heat exchanger or cooler 38.

如本領域中已知的，第一級吸鼓24和第二級吸鼓35，以及以下所述的剩餘吸鼓，防止液體輸送到其隨後的壓縮機，並且是可選的。As is known in the art, the first stage suction drum 24 and the second stage suction drum 35, as well as the remaining suction drums described below, prevent liquid from being delivered to their subsequent compressors and are optional.

除液化熱交換器10和以下並在以上以引用的方式併入本文的Ducote等人的美國專利申請第14/218,949號中所描述的相關聯部件，以及混合製冷劑壓縮機系統22之外，圖1的系統包括總體地在40處指示的預冷卻系統。預冷卻系統包括總體地在42a處指示的預冷卻暖熱交換器和總體地在42b處指示的預冷卻冷熱交換器。僅作為一個例子，暖熱交換器42a和冷熱交換器42b可為可得自得克薩斯州的The Woodlands的Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc.的CORE-IN-KETTLE熱交換器。替代類型的熱交換器包括但不限於殼管式，或者熱虹吸管型熱交換器可被用於暖熱交換器42a和冷熱交換器42b。預冷卻系統可選地可以具有單個預冷卻熱交換器或多於兩個預冷卻熱交換器。In addition to the liquefied heat exchanger 10 and associated components described in US Patent Application No. 14/218,949 of Ducote et al. below and incorporated herein by reference, as well as the mixed refrigerant compressor system 22, The system of FIG. 1 includes a pre-cooling system indicated generally at 40. The pre-cooling system includes a pre-cooled warm heat exchanger indicated generally at 42a and a pre-cooled cold heat exchanger indicated generally at 42b. As just one example, the warm heat exchanger 42a and the cold heat exchanger 42b may be CORE-IN-KETTLE heat exchangers available from Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. of The Woodlands, Texas. Alternative types of heat exchangers include, but are not limited to, shell and tube type, or thermosyphon type heat exchangers may be used for the warm heat exchanger 42a and the cold heat exchanger 42b. The pre-cooling system may optionally have a single pre-cooling heat exchanger or more than two pre-cooling heat exchangers.

預冷卻系統還包括總體地在44處指示的壓縮機系統，用於處理和重新調節預冷卻系統製冷劑，諸如丙烷、丁烷、氨或含氯氟烴。雖然本文所描述的實施方式中的預冷卻系統使用丙烷，但是可使用可選製冷劑包括但不限於丁烷、氨或液體氟化烴。The pre-cooling system also includes a compressor system indicated generally at 44 for processing and reconditioning the pre-cooling system refrigerant, such as propane, butane, ammonia, or chlorofluorocarbons. Although the pre-cooling system in the embodiments described herein uses propane, alternative refrigerants can be used including but not limited to butane, ammonia, or liquid fluorinated hydrocarbons.

預冷卻壓縮機系統44包括第一級吸鼓46，該第一級吸鼓接收來自冷熱交換器42b的丙烷製冷劑蒸汽流48，如以下更詳細地描述的。來自第一級吸鼓的蒸汽流52行進到預冷卻壓縮機54，並且所得壓縮流行進到預冷卻冷凝器56。所得丙烷製冷劑液體流行進到預冷卻製冷劑蓄積器62。丙烷製冷劑液體流64從蓄積器行進到膨脹裝置66，使得兩相流72進入暖熱交換器42a的殼體74。液位傳感器76控制膨脹裝置66的設置，使得在殼體74內維持適當的液位。The pre-cooling compressor system 44 includes a first stage suction drum 46 that receives a flow 48 of propane refrigerant vapor from the cold heat exchanger 42b, as described in more detail below. The steam stream 52 from the first stage suction drum travels to the pre-cooling compressor 54 and the resulting compression flow travels to the pre-cooling condenser 56. The resulting propane refrigerant liquid flows into the pre-cooling refrigerant accumulator 62. The propane refrigerant liquid stream 64 travels from the accumulator to the expansion device 66 so that the two-phase stream 72 enters the housing 74 of the warm heat exchanger 42a. The liquid level sensor 76 controls the setting of the expansion device 66 so that an appropriate liquid level is maintained in the housing 74.

如在本文所涉及的所有膨脹裝置的情況下，膨脹裝置66可為諸如焦耳－湯姆遜(Joule-Thomson）閥的膨脹閥，或另一類型的膨脹裝置包括但不限於渦輪機或孔口。As in the case of all expansion devices referred to herein, the expansion device 66 may be an expansion valve such as a Joule-Thomson valve, or another type of expansion device including but not limited to a turbine or orifice.

預冷卻暖熱交換器42a的殼體74容置芯部78，所述芯部接收天然氣進料流82。僅作為一個例子，暖進料氣體熱交換器的芯部78，和以下所論述的所有這類芯部可為釺焊鋁熱交換器(BAHX）或其他熱交換器類型諸如微溝道或焊接板、管或盤管、印製電路熱交換器等。天然氣流在芯部78中通過丙烷液體製冷劑冷卻，並且冷卻的天然氣流作為流84離開暖熱交換器42a。在其中天然氣流82比暖熱交換器42a更冷的一個可選實施方式中，氣體流可被直接運送到冷熱交換器42b，如由圖1中的虛線84’所指示。在這樣的實施方式中，可省略芯部78。The housing 74 of the pre-cooled warm heat exchanger 42a houses a core 78 which receives a natural gas feed stream 82. As just one example, the core 78 of the warm feed gas heat exchanger, and all such cores discussed below may be a brazed aluminum heat exchanger (BAHX) or other heat exchanger types such as microchannels or welding Plates, tubes or coils, printed circuit heat exchangers, etc. The natural gas stream is cooled by the propane liquid refrigerant in the core 78, and the cooled natural gas stream leaves the warm heat exchanger 42a as stream 84. In an alternative embodiment where the natural gas stream 82 is colder than the warm heat exchanger 42a, the gas stream may be transported directly to the cold heat exchanger 42b, as indicated by the dashed line 84' in FIG. In such an embodiment, the core 78 may be omitted.

暖丙烷製冷劑蒸汽流86離開預冷卻暖熱交換器42a的殼體74並且行進到第二級吸鼓88並行進到預冷卻壓縮機54的入口。The warm propane refrigerant vapor stream 86 leaves the housing 74 of the pre-cooling warm heat exchanger 42a and travels to the second-stage suction drum 88 and to the inlet of the pre-cooling compressor 54.

丙烷製冷劑液體流作為流92離開暖熱交換器的殼體並且行進到膨脹裝置94，使得兩相流96進入預冷卻冷熱交換器42b的殼體98。液位傳感器102控制膨脹裝置94的設置，使得在殼體98內維持適當的液位。The flow of propane refrigerant liquid leaves the housing of the warm heat exchanger as stream 92 and travels to the expansion device 94 so that the two-phase stream 96 enters the housing 98 of the pre-cooled cold heat exchanger 42b. The liquid level sensor 102 controls the setting of the expansion device 94 so that an appropriate liquid level is maintained in the housing 98.

冷熱交換器42b的殼體98容置芯部104，所述芯部接收天然氣進料流84 (或天然氣進料流84’）。天然氣流84在芯部104中通過丙烷液體製冷劑進一步冷卻(或冷卻），並且冷卻的天然氣流作為預冷卻流16離開冷熱交換器42b並行進到液化熱交換器10的液化通道18。在其中天然氣流82比暖熱交換器42a和42b兩者更冷的一個可選實施方式中，圖1的氣體流84’可被直接輸送到液化熱交換器的液化通道。在這樣的實施方式中，也可省略芯部104。The housing 98 of the cold heat exchanger 42b houses a core 104 that receives a natural gas feed stream 84 (or natural gas feed stream 84'). The natural gas stream 84 is further cooled (or cooled) in the core 104 by propane liquid refrigerant, and the cooled natural gas stream leaves the cold heat exchanger 42b as a pre-cooling stream 16 and travels to the liquefaction channel 18 of the liquefaction heat exchanger 10. In an alternative embodiment where the natural gas stream 82 is colder than both the warm heat exchangers 42a and 42b, the gas stream 84' of FIG. 1 may be delivered directly to the liquefaction channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger. In such an embodiment, the core 104 may be omitted.

丙烷製冷劑蒸汽流48離開預冷卻冷熱交換器42b的殼體98並且行進到第一級吸鼓46。The propane refrigerant vapor stream 48 leaves the housing 98 of the pre-cooling cold heat exchanger 42b and travels to the first-stage suction drum 46.

來自混合製冷劑壓縮系統的第二級壓縮機36和熱交換器38的高壓混合製冷劑流112行進到定位於預冷卻暖熱交換器42a的殼體74內的芯部114。流過芯部114的混合製冷劑通過殼體74內的液體丙烷製冷劑冷卻，並且所得冷卻的混合製冷劑流116被引導到定位于預冷卻冷熱交換器42b的殼體98內的冷混合製冷劑芯部118。流過芯部118的混合製冷劑通過殼體98內的液體丙烷製冷劑冷卻，並且所得混合製冷劑(MR）混合相流122被引導到高壓蓄積器124。雖然蓄積器鼓被例示為高壓蓄積器124，但是可使用替代性分離裝置，包括但不限於，另一類型的容器、氣旋分離器、蒸餾單元、聚結分離器或篩狀或葉片式除霧器。相同情形適用于本文所論述的剩餘分離裝置或鼓。The high-pressure mixed refrigerant stream 112 from the second-stage compressor 36 and the heat exchanger 38 of the mixed refrigerant compression system travels to the core 114 positioned within the housing 74 of the pre-cooling warm heat exchanger 42a. The mixed refrigerant flowing through the core 114 is cooled by the liquid propane refrigerant in the housing 74, and the resulting cooled mixed refrigerant flow 116 is directed to the cold mixed refrigeration positioned in the housing 98 of the pre-cooling cold heat exchanger 42b剂芯部118。 Agent core 118. The mixed refrigerant flowing through the core 118 is cooled by the liquid propane refrigerant in the housing 98, and the resulting mixed refrigerant (MR) mixed phase flow 122 is directed to the high-pressure accumulator 124. Although the accumulator drum is exemplified as the high-pressure accumulator 124, alternative separation devices may be used, including but not limited to, another type of vessel, cyclone separator, distillation unit, coalescing separator, or sieve or blade demister Device. The same applies to the remaining separation devices or drums discussed herein.

高壓蒸汽製冷劑流126離開蓄積器124的蒸汽出口並且行進到熱交換器10的暖端。The high-pressure steam refrigerant stream 126 leaves the steam outlet of the accumulator 124 and travels to the warm end of the heat exchanger 10.

高壓液體製冷劑流128離開蓄積器124的液體出口並且也行進到熱交換器的暖端。在熱交換器10中冷卻之後，通過高壓液體冷卻通道125，其在129處被閃蒸並且行進到暖溫分離器131。蒸汽流127和液體流133從暖溫分離器131行進到熱交換器10的初級製冷通道28。The high pressure liquid refrigerant stream 128 leaves the liquid outlet of the accumulator 124 and also travels to the warm end of the heat exchanger. After cooling in the heat exchanger 10, it passes through the high-pressure liquid cooling channel 125, which is flashed at 129 and travels to the warm-temperature separator 131. The steam flow 127 and the liquid flow 133 travel from the warm-temperature separator 131 to the primary refrigeration passage 28 of the heat exchanger 10.

熱交換器10還通過高壓蒸汽冷卻通道135接收並冷卻來自高壓蓄積器124的高壓蒸汽流126，並且冷卻所述高壓蒸汽流使得其被部分地冷凝。所得混合相冷分離器進料流132被提供到冷蒸汽分離器134，使得產生冷分離器蒸汽流136和冷分離器液體流138。The heat exchanger 10 also receives and cools the high-pressure steam stream 126 from the high-pressure accumulator 124 through the high-pressure steam cooling channel 135 and cools the high-pressure steam stream so that it is partially condensed. The resulting mixed phase cold separator feed stream 132 is provided to the cold steam separator 134 so that a cold separator steam stream 136 and a cold separator liquid stream 138 are produced.

冷分離器蒸汽流136在熱交換器10中通過冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道141冷卻並冷凝，進入液體流142中，通過膨脹裝置144閃蒸並且被引導到冷溫分離器146以形成冷溫液體流152和冷溫蒸汽流154，所述冷溫液體流和所述冷溫蒸汽流被引導到熱交換器10的初級製冷通道28作為冷溫製冷劑流。The cold separator vapor stream 136 is cooled and condensed in the heat exchanger 10 by the cold separator vapor cooling channel 141, enters the liquid stream 142, flashes through the expansion device 144 and is directed to the cold temperature separator 146 to form a cold temperature liquid Stream 152 and cold warm steam stream 154, the cold warm liquid stream and the cold warm steam stream are directed to the primary refrigeration channel 28 of the heat exchanger 10 as a cold warm refrigerant stream.

冷分離器液體流138在熱交換器10中通過冷分離器液體冷卻通道143冷卻，以形成過冷冷分離器液體160，所述過冷冷分離器液體在162處閃蒸並被引導到中溫分離器164。所得液體流166和所得蒸汽流168被引導到熱交換器10的初級製冷通道28。The cold separator liquid stream 138 is cooled in the heat exchanger 10 by the cold separator liquid cooling channel 143 to form a subcooled cold separator liquid 160 that flashes at 162 and is directed into the温 Separator 164. The resulting liquid stream 166 and the resulting vapor stream 168 are directed to the primary refrigeration channel 28 of the heat exchanger 10.

來自暖溫分離器131、中溫分離器164和冷溫分離器146的組合製冷劑流提供用於對熱交換器10的液化或冷卻通道18內的預冷卻進料氣體流16進行液化的製冷，並且離開液化熱交換器的初級製冷通道28作為組合返回製冷劑流26，所述組合返回製冷劑流優選地處於汽相。返回製冷劑流26流動到吸鼓24，這產生蒸汽混合製冷劑流27，如先前涉及的。The combined refrigerant flow from the warm-temperature separator 131, the intermediate-temperature separator 164, and the cold-temperature separator 146 provides refrigeration for liquefying the pre-cooled feed gas stream 16 in the liquefaction or cooling channel 18 of the heat exchanger 10 , And the primary refrigeration channel 28 leaving the liquefaction heat exchanger serves as a combined return refrigerant flow 26, which is preferably in the vapor phase. The return refrigerant flow 26 flows to the suction drum 24, which produces a vapor-mixed refrigerant flow 27, as previously mentioned.

液化的天然氣流172離開熱交換器的冷側並且可可選地使用膨脹裝置174膨脹，並且被輸送到存儲或處理。The liquefied natural gas stream 172 exits the cold side of the heat exchanger and may optionally be expanded using expansion device 174 and sent to storage or processing.

圖1的實施方式因此與位於處理的主要液化區段中的冷蒸汽分離器(CVS）相結合地示出丙烷(C3）預冷卻混合製冷劑(MR）過程。C3預冷卻和MR與CVS的組合導致相比於沒有CVS的預冷卻更高效的處理，並具有較低設備成本並且還促進較高的設備產量。預冷卻和CVS的組合允許C3系統以高效率，在僅作為一個例子諸如近似-5℃與-35℃至-40℃的顯著較溫暖的溫度處操作，這降低丙烷系統成本和功率消耗。The embodiment of FIG. 1 therefore shows a propane (C3) pre-cooling mixed refrigerant (MR) process in combination with a cold steam separator (CVS) located in the main liquefaction section of the process. The combination of C3 pre-cooling and MR and CVS results in more efficient processing than pre-cooling without CVS, and has lower equipment costs and also promotes higher equipment output. The combination of pre-cooling and CVS allows the C3 system to operate with high efficiency at a significantly warmer temperature such as approximately -5°C and -35°C to -40°C as only an example, which reduces propane system cost and power consumption.

圖1的處理可與利用CVS的任何MR液化處理一起使用。The process of FIG. 1 can be used with any MR liquefaction process using CVS.

應注意，雖然圖1示出預冷卻系統40中的預冷卻的兩個級，但是替代地可使用預冷卻的一個或更多個級。It should be noted that although FIG. 1 shows two stages of pre-cooling in the pre-cooling system 40, one or more stages of pre-cooling may be used instead.

此外，雖然圖1示出具有分離的暖溫分離器、中溫分離器和冷溫分離器的MR液化系統8，但是這些分離器中的任一個可被組合，或在某些情況下可取消分離器。此外，雖然這些分離器被例示為立管，但是可使用本領域中已知的替代性類型的分離器。In addition, although FIG. 1 shows an MR liquefaction system 8 having separate warm-temperature separators, intermediate-temperature separators, and cold-temperature separators, any of these separators may be combined or may be eliminated in some cases Splitter. Furthermore, although these separators are illustrated as standpipes, alternative types of separators known in the art may be used.

除了以下所論述的之外，圖2-4的實施方式具有如以上參考圖1所描述的相同的混合製冷劑壓縮機系統、混合製冷劑液化系統和預冷卻壓縮機系統組件以及操作，並且因而共同的附圖標記用來指示系統的這些部分，和共同的部件。Except as discussed below, the embodiments of FIGS. 2-4 have the same mixed refrigerant compressor system, mixed refrigerant liquefaction system, and pre-cooled compressor system components and operations as described above with reference to FIG. 1, and thus Common reference numbers are used to indicate these parts of the system, and common components.

本發明的系統的第二實施方式呈現在圖2中。在這個實施方式中，使用兩個高壓MR蓄積器，而不是圖1的單個高壓MR蓄積器124。更具體地說，離開MR壓縮機系統22的第二級壓縮和冷卻循環的流182被引導到暖預冷卻熱交換器42a的芯部114。芯部114使用殼體74內的液體丙烷製冷劑來冷卻流182。所得冷卻的MR流186行進到第一高壓MR蓄積器188。所得蒸汽MR流192行進到定位在預冷卻冷熱交換器42b內的芯部194，其中所述蒸汽MR流通過殼體98內的液體丙烷製冷劑冷卻。所得冷卻的流198行進到第二高壓MR蓄積器202。The second embodiment of the system of the invention is presented in FIG. 2. In this embodiment, two high-pressure MR accumulators are used instead of the single high-pressure MR accumulator 124 of FIG. 1. More specifically, the stream 182 of the second stage compression and cooling cycle exiting the MR compressor system 22 is directed to the core 114 of the warm pre-cooling heat exchanger 42a. The core 114 uses liquid propane refrigerant in the housing 74 to cool the stream 182. The resulting cooled MR stream 186 travels to the first high-pressure MR accumulator 188. The resulting steam MR stream 192 travels to the core 194 positioned within the pre-cooling cold heat exchanger 42b, where the steam MR stream is cooled by the liquid propane refrigerant within the housing 98. The resulting cooled stream 198 travels to the second high-pressure MR accumulator 202.

離開第二高壓MR蓄積器202的蒸汽流204在液化熱交換器10內通過通道206冷卻，並且被引導到冷蒸汽分離器208。離開冷蒸汽分離器的蒸汽流如以上關於圖1所描述地處理。The steam stream 204 leaving the second high-pressure MR accumulator 202 is cooled within the liquefaction heat exchanger 10 through the passage 206 and is directed to the cold steam separator 208. The steam stream leaving the cold steam separator is treated as described above with respect to FIG. 1.

離開第二高壓MR蓄積器202的液體流212在液化熱交換器10內通過通道214冷卻，通過膨脹裝置216閃蒸並且被引導到中溫分離器164，其中其與來自冷蒸汽分離器208的冷卻和閃蒸液體流組合。離開中溫分離器的蒸汽和液體流被引導到初級製冷通道28。The liquid stream 212 leaving the second high-pressure MR accumulator 202 is cooled in the liquefaction heat exchanger 10 by the passage 214, flashed by the expansion device 216 and directed to the intermediate temperature separator 164, where it is separated from the cold steam separator 208 Combination of cooling and flashing liquid streams. The steam and liquid streams leaving the intermediate temperature separator are directed to the primary refrigeration channel 28.

離開第一高壓MR蓄積器188的液體MR流行進到定位于預冷卻冷熱交換器42b內的芯部196，其中其在殼體98內通過液體丙烷製冷劑冷卻。所得冷卻的流218在液化熱交換器10中通過通道220冷卻，並且所得冷卻的液體流通過膨脹裝置222閃蒸並被輸送到暖溫分離器131。離開暖溫分離器的蒸汽和液體流被引導到初級製冷通道28。The liquid MR leaving the first high-pressure MR accumulator 188 flows into the core 196 positioned in the pre-cooling cold heat exchanger 42b, where it is cooled by the liquid propane refrigerant in the housing 98. The resulting cooled stream 218 is cooled through the passage 220 in the liquefaction heat exchanger 10, and the resulting cooled liquid stream is flashed through the expansion device 222 and sent to the warm-temperature separator 131. The steam and liquid streams leaving the warm-temperature separator are directed to the primary refrigeration channel 28.

另外，在圖2的實施方式中，預冷卻系統用來冷卻離開MR壓縮機系統22的第一級壓縮和冷卻循環的排放流224。更具體地說，預冷卻暖熱交換器42a包含芯部226，所述芯部通過級間混合製冷劑入口接收流224並且使用殼體74內的丙烷液體製冷劑冷卻所述流。所得冷卻的流通過級間混合製冷劑出口離開芯部並且行進到級間或MR低壓蓄積器228。所得蒸汽流232被引導到MR壓縮機系統22的第二級壓縮機36的輸入。離開MR低壓蓄積器228的液體流234由定位于冷熱交換器42b的殼體98內的芯部236接收。所得冷卻的流238在液化熱交換器10的通道242中被冷卻，通過膨脹裝置244閃蒸並且被引導到熱交換器10的初級製冷通道28。In addition, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, a pre-cooling system is used to cool the discharge stream 224 of the first stage compression and cooling cycle exiting the MR compressor system 22. More specifically, the pre-cooling warm heat exchanger 42a includes a core 226 that receives the flow 224 through the interstage mixed refrigerant inlet and uses propane liquid refrigerant in the housing 74 to cool the flow. The resulting cooled stream leaves the core through the interstage mixed refrigerant outlet and travels to the interstage or MR low pressure accumulator 228. The resulting vapor stream 232 is directed to the input of the second stage compressor 36 of the MR compressor system 22. The liquid stream 234 exiting the MR low pressure accumulator 228 is received by the core 236 positioned within the housing 98 of the cold heat exchanger 42b. The resulting cooled stream 238 is cooled in the channel 242 of the liquefaction heat exchanger 10, flashed through the expansion device 244 and directed to the primary refrigeration channel 28 of the heat exchanger 10.

應理解，關於圖2的實施方式，在第二級中在壓縮之前預冷卻MR壓縮機系統22的第一壓縮和冷卻級的排放流(224）和將第一MR高壓蓄積器和第二MR高壓蓄積器(188和202）在處理中是不同的和獨立的，並且可以組合方式或單獨地利用。It should be understood that with regard to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the discharge stream (224) of the first compression and cooling stage of the MR compressor system 22 is pre-cooled in the second stage before compression and the first MR high-pressure accumulator and the second MR The high-pressure accumulators (188 and 202) are different and independent in the process and can be used in combination or individually.

此外，來自第一壓縮和冷卻級的預冷卻液體流224被單獨地引入到MR液化系統8中，如圖2中所示，或與MR液化系統8的分離器中的其他製冷流中的任一個組合或在一些狀況下沒有任何分離器。In addition, the pre-cooled liquid stream 224 from the first compression and cooling stage is separately introduced into the MR liquefaction system 8 as shown in FIG. 2 or any of the other refrigeration streams in the separator of the MR liquefaction system 8 There is no separator in a combination or in some situations.

本發明的系統的第三實施方式呈現在圖3中。在這個實施方式中，使用總體地在252處指示的暖混合製冷劑(MR）預冷卻系統代替圖1和2的丙烷預冷卻系統。The third embodiment of the system of the invention is presented in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, the warm mixed refrigerant (MR) pre-cooling system generally indicated at 252 is used instead of the propane pre-cooling system of FIGS. 1 and 2.

MR預冷卻系統包括總體地在254處指示的暖MR預冷卻熱交換器，所述暖MR預冷卻熱交換器包括預冷卻通道256，所述預冷卻通道接收天然氣進料流82。The MR pre-cooling system includes a warm MR pre-cooling heat exchanger indicated generally at 254 that includes a pre-cooling channel 256 that receives the natural gas feed stream 82.

MR預冷卻系統還包括預冷卻壓縮機系統262，所述預冷卻壓縮機系統包括第一級吸鼓264，所述第一級吸鼓接收來自熱交換器254的預冷卻初級製冷通道268的預冷卻MR蒸汽流266。來自第一級吸鼓的蒸汽流272行進到預冷卻壓縮機272的入口，並且所得壓縮流行進到預冷卻冷凝器274。所得MR液體流行進到預冷卻MR蓄積器276。來自蓄積器276的蒸汽流可通過閥278排出或通過第二閥引導到第二級吸鼓284。來自第二級吸鼓284的蒸汽流286行進到預冷卻壓縮機272的入口。The MR pre-cooling system also includes a pre-cooling compressor system 262 that includes a first-stage suction drum 264 that receives a pre-cooling from the heat exchanger 254 to pre-cool the primary refrigeration passage 268 The MR vapor stream 266 is cooled. The steam stream 272 from the first stage suction drum travels to the inlet of the pre-cooling compressor 272, and the resulting compression flows to the pre-cooling condenser 274. The resulting MR liquid flows into the pre-cooled MR accumulator 276. The steam flow from the accumulator 276 may be discharged through the valve 278 or directed to the second-stage suction drum 284 through the second valve. The steam stream 286 from the second stage suction drum 284 travels to the inlet of the pre-cooling compressor 272.

液體預冷卻MR流292從蓄積器276通過熱交換器254的冷卻通道294行進，並且所得冷卻的液體流行進到膨脹裝置296並被閃蒸，其中所得混合相流進入預冷卻冷分離器302。離開熱交換器的通道294的冷卻的液體流中的一部分(或全部）可取決於系統溫度和工作需求而使用閥298引導到熱交換器的次級預冷卻製冷通道304。離開次級預冷卻製冷通道304的蒸汽流306被引導到第二級吸鼓284。來自預冷卻冷分離器302的蒸汽和液體預冷卻MR流(分別為308和312）被引導到熱交換器254的預冷卻初級製冷通道268。The liquid pre-cooled MR stream 292 travels from the accumulator 276 through the cooling channel 294 of the heat exchanger 254, and the resulting cooled liquid flows into the expansion device 296 and is flashed, where the resulting mixed phase stream enters the pre-cooled cold separator 302. A portion (or all) of the cooled liquid stream leaving the channel 294 of the heat exchanger may be directed to the secondary pre-cooling refrigeration channel 304 of the heat exchanger using a valve 298 depending on system temperature and operating requirements. The steam flow 306 leaving the secondary pre-cooling refrigeration channel 304 is directed to the second-stage suction drum 284. The steam and liquid pre-cooled MR streams (308 and 312, respectively) from the pre-cooled cold separator 302 are directed to the pre-cooled primary refrigeration channel 268 of the heat exchanger 254.

流過預冷卻熱交換器254的預冷卻通道256的天然氣進料流通過熱交換器的製冷通道268和304預冷卻，並且所得冷卻的天然氣流314被引導到液化熱交換器10以被液化。The natural gas feed stream flowing through the pre-cooling channels 256 of the pre-cooling heat exchanger 254 is pre-cooled through the refrigeration channels 268 and 304 of the heat exchanger, and the resulting cooled natural gas stream 314 is directed to the liquefaction heat exchanger 10 to be liquefied.

類似於圖1和2的實施方式，液化壓縮機系統316具有產生第一級液化MR流318的第一級壓縮和冷卻循環和產生第二級液化MR流322的第二級壓縮和冷卻循環。液化MR流318和322在預冷卻熱交換器254中通過通道324和326進一步冷卻，並且離開通道324的所得混合相流328行進到液化MR低壓蓄積器332，而所得混合相流334行進到液化MR高壓蓄積器336。Similar to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the liquefaction compressor system 316 has a first stage compression and cooling cycle that produces a first stage liquefied MR stream 318 and a second stage compression and cooling cycle that produces a second stage liquefied MR stream 322. The liquefied MR streams 318 and 322 are further cooled in the pre-cooling heat exchanger 254 through the channels 324 and 326, and the resulting mixed phase stream 328 exiting the channel 324 travels to the liquefied MR low-pressure accumulator 332, while the resulting mixed phase stream 334 travels to the liquefaction MR High pressure accumulator 336.

液化MR蒸汽流338從液化MR低壓蓄積器332行進到液化壓縮機系統316的第二級吸鼓342，其中所得蒸汽流被引導到第二級壓縮和冷卻循環。來自液化MR低壓蓄積器332的液化MR液體流344在液化熱交換器350的通道346中被冷卻，通過膨脹裝置348閃蒸並且被引導到熱交換器350的初級製冷通道352。The liquefied MR vapor stream 338 travels from the liquefied MR low pressure accumulator 332 to the second stage suction drum 342 of the liquefaction compressor system 316, where the resulting steam stream is directed to the second stage compression and cooling cycle. The liquefied MR liquid stream 344 from the liquefied MR low-pressure accumulator 332 is cooled in the channel 346 of the liquefied heat exchanger 350, flashed through the expansion device 348 and directed to the primary refrigeration channel 352 of the heat exchanger 350.

離開液化MR高壓蓄積器336的液化MR蒸汽流354在液化熱交換器350內通過通道356冷卻，並且被引導到冷蒸汽分離器358。離開冷蒸汽分離器的蒸汽流可如以上關於圖1所描述地處理。The liquefied MR vapor stream 354 exiting the liquefied MR high-pressure accumulator 336 is cooled in the liquefaction heat exchanger 350 through the passage 356 and is directed to the cold vapor separator 358. The steam stream leaving the cold steam separator can be treated as described above with respect to FIG. 1.

離開液化MR高壓蓄積器336的液體流362在其與來自冷蒸汽分離器358的冷卻和閃蒸液體流組合(這在功能上等效于組合中溫分離器中的流，如圖2中所指示）之後，在液化熱交換器350內通過通道364冷卻，通過膨脹裝置366閃蒸並且被引導到中溫分離器368。離開中溫分離器的蒸汽和液體流被引導到熱交換器350的初級製冷通道352。The liquid stream 362 leaving the liquefied MR high-pressure accumulator 336 is combined with the cooled and flashed liquid stream from the cold steam separator 358 (this is functionally equivalent to the combined medium temperature separator stream, as shown in FIG. 2 Indication), after cooling in the liquefaction heat exchanger 350 through the channel 364, flashing through the expansion device 366 and directed to the intermediate temperature separator 368. The steam and liquid streams leaving the intermediate temperature separator are directed to the primary refrigeration channel 352 of the heat exchanger 350.

應注意，關於圖3的實施方式，在第二級中壓縮之前對液化MR壓縮系統316第一級排放(318） 進行預冷卻是可選的特徵，並且可與其他特徵相結合地利用或完全不使用。另外，預冷卻系統和液化系統中使用的混合製冷劑可具有相同或不同的組合物。It should be noted that with regard to the embodiment of FIG. 3, pre-cooling the first stage discharge (318) of the liquefied MR compression system 316 before compression in the second stage is an optional feature, and can be utilized in combination with other features or completely Do not use. In addition, the mixed refrigerant used in the pre-cooling system and the liquefaction system may have the same or different compositions.

另外，應注意，圖3中在262處例示的MR預冷卻系統僅為合適的MR系統的例子——可替代地使用本領域中已知的其他MR系統和非混合製冷劑系統作為預冷卻系統。In addition, it should be noted that the MR pre-cooling system illustrated at 262 in FIG. 3 is only an example of a suitable MR system—other MR systems and non-mixed refrigerant systems known in the art may alternatively be used as the pre-cooling system .

除預冷卻熱交換器的構型之外，圖4中所例示的系統的實施方式本質上與圖1的實施方式相同，包括總體地在370處指示的丙烷預冷卻系統。更具體地說，在圖4中所例示的系統的實施方式中，預冷卻系統370包括總體地在372a處指示的預冷卻暖熱交換器和總體地在372b處指示的預冷卻冷熱交換器。僅作為一個例子，暖熱交換器372a和冷熱交換器372b可為可得自得克薩斯州The Woodlands的Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc.的CORE-IN-KETTLE熱交換器。可使用替代性類型的熱交換器包括但不限於殼管式或熱虹吸管型熱交換器。Except for the configuration of the pre-cooling heat exchanger, the embodiment of the system illustrated in FIG. 4 is essentially the same as the embodiment of FIG. 1, including the propane pre-cooling system indicated generally at 370. More specifically, in the embodiment of the system illustrated in FIG. 4, the pre-cooling system 370 includes a pre-cooling warm heat exchanger indicated generally at 372a and a pre-cooling cold heat exchanger indicated generally at 372b. As just one example, the warm heat exchanger 372a and the cold heat exchanger 372b may be CORE-IN-KETTLE heat exchangers available from Chart Energy & Chemicals, Inc. of The Woodlands, Texas. Alternative types of heat exchangers can be used including, but not limited to, shell and tube or thermosyphon type heat exchangers.

在圖4的實施方式中，芯部374 (僅作為一個例子，所述芯部可為釺焊鋁熱交換器(BAHX）或其他熱交換器類型諸如微溝道或焊接板等）在暖熱交換器372a和冷熱交換器372b的殼體378和382之間延伸穿過內頭部376，使得處理流為穿過芯部374連續的，所述處理流為來自液化MR壓縮機系統386的第二壓縮和冷卻級的排放流384。這種配置的優點在於冷卻的和部分冷凝的處理流不受兩相流動分佈不均影響，所述兩相流動分佈不均不利地影響系統性能，如可在熱交換器設計為串聯管接的多個芯部的情況下遇到的，如圖1中所示。圖4的配置降低由於分佈不均導致的處理（丙烷系統或液化系統或兩者）的功率消耗，或簡化裝備計數並且降低成本以消除分佈不均效應。In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the core 374 (only as an example, the core may be a brazed aluminum heat exchanger (BAHX) or other heat exchanger types such as micro channels or welded plates, etc.) is warming up The shells 378 and 382 of the exchanger 372a and the cold heat exchanger 372b extend through the inner head 376 so that the processing flow is continuous through the core 374, which is the first flow from the liquefied MR compressor system 386 The discharge stream 384 of the second compression and cooling stage. The advantage of this configuration is that the cooled and partially condensed process flow is not affected by the uneven distribution of the two-phase flow, which adversely affects the performance of the system, such as the heat exchanger can be designed to be connected in series Multiple cores are encountered, as shown in Figure 1. The configuration of FIG. 4 reduces the power consumption of the process (propane system or liquefaction system or both) due to uneven distribution, or simplifies equipment counting and reduces costs to eliminate the uneven distribution effect.

應注意，暖熱交換器372a和冷熱交換器372b可利用任何形狀的內頭部376，包括平坦板。此外，雖然圖4示出丙烷(C3）預冷卻MR處理，但是圖4的實施方式可與利用至少兩個沸騰製冷劑冷卻步驟的任何處理一起使用。另外，雖然丙烷(C3）被描述為用於圖4的預冷卻系統的冷卻劑，但是可使用任何製冷劑，諸如但不限於丁烷、氨或液體氟化烴等。此外，雖然圖4的系統示出預冷卻的兩個級，但是可使用冷卻的兩個或更多個級。另外，雖然圖4示出分離進料交換器，但是進料交換器可與MR交換器組合。It should be noted that the warm heat exchanger 372a and the cold heat exchanger 372b may utilize any shape of the inner head 376, including a flat plate. In addition, although FIG. 4 shows a propane (C3) pre-cooling MR process, the embodiment of FIG. 4 can be used with any process that utilizes at least two boiling refrigerant cooling steps. In addition, although propane (C3) is described as a coolant for the pre-cooling system of FIG. 4, any refrigerant may be used, such as but not limited to butane, ammonia, or liquid fluorinated hydrocarbons. Furthermore, although the system of FIG. 4 shows two stages of pre-cooling, two or more stages of cooling may be used. In addition, although FIG. 4 shows a separate feed exchanger, the feed exchanger may be combined with an MR exchanger.

在圖5中所例示的實施方式中，總體地在402處指示的冷水冷卻系統用來預冷卻來自液化MR壓縮機系統406的第二壓縮和冷卻級的排放流404。更具體地說，水通過泵412泵送到冷卻劑熱交換器414。熱交換器也接收MR排放流404並且冷卻所述MR排放流。冷水是在可以是但不限於機械冷卻機或吸附式冷卻機或熱電冷卻機或熱聲製冷機的預冷卻製冷劑系統中冷卻的水或水/乙二醇混合物，並且總是比可通過空氣冷卻或水蒸發冷卻實現的溫度更冷。In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the cold water cooling system generally indicated at 402 is used to pre-cool the discharge stream 404 from the second compression and cooling stage of the liquefied MR compressor system 406. More specifically, water is pumped by the pump 412 to the coolant heat exchanger 414. The heat exchanger also receives the MR exhaust stream 404 and cools the MR exhaust stream. Cold water is water or a water/glycol mixture that is cooled in a pre-cooled refrigerant system that can be, but is not limited to, a mechanical cooler or an adsorption cooler or a thermoelectric cooler or a thermoacoustic refrigerator, and is always better than air The temperature achieved by cooling or water evaporative cooling is colder.

冷卻的MR流416然後流動到高壓蓄積器124，其中所得液體和蒸汽流被引導到MR液化系統408的液化熱交換器420，如在先前實施方式中。The cooled MR stream 416 then flows to the high-pressure accumulator 124, where the resulting liquid and vapor stream is directed to the liquefaction heat exchanger 420 of the MR liquefaction system 408, as in the previous embodiment.

雖然在圖5中例示單個冷卻機熱交換器414，但是替代地可使用並聯或串聯的多個冷卻機熱交換器。Although a single chiller heat exchanger 414 is illustrated in FIG. 5, multiple chiller heat exchangers in parallel or series may be used instead.

如在先前實施方式中，液化MR壓縮機系統將製冷劑提供到MR液化系統408，所述MR液化系統包括冷蒸汽分離器(CVS） 410。預冷卻與冷水冷卻系統和MR與CVS的組合導致相比於沒有CVS的預冷卻更高效的過程並具有更低裝備成本並且還促進較高的設備產量。預冷卻和CVS的組合允許冷水冷卻系統在顯著較暖的溫度處操作，大體-5℃對-35℃至-40℃。其還允許冷卻機裝備位於遠離含烴裝備，這降低系統成本並且提供區域規劃靈活性。所述處理可以與利用CVS的任何MR液化處理一起使用。As in the previous embodiment, the liquefied MR compressor system provides refrigerant to the MR liquefaction system 408, which includes a cold vapor separator (CVS) 410. The combination of pre-cooling and cold water cooling systems and MR and CVS results in a more efficient process and lower equipment costs than pre-cooling without CVS and also promotes higher equipment output. The combination of pre-cooling and CVS allows the cold water cooling system to operate at significantly warmer temperatures, generally -5°C to -35°C to -40°C. It also allows chiller equipment to be located away from hydrocarbon-containing equipment, which reduces system costs and provides regional planning flexibility. The treatment can be used with any MR liquefaction treatment using CVS.

雖然圖5示出冷水預冷卻MR處理，但是可使用任何冷凍冷卻流體，諸如但不限於氨、水、水乙二醇混合物、溴化鋰溶液、液體氟化烴、液體烴等。另外，雖然圖5示出用於預冷卻系統熱交換器414的殼管式熱交換器，但是可使用任何熱交換器類型。此外，雖然圖5示出分離的暖溫立管422、中溫立管424和冷溫立管426，但是這些立管中的任何立管可被組合，或在某些情況下，可消除立管。儘管未明確地示出，但是冷水冷卻系統也可用來冷卻進料氣體且/或冷卻如圖2中所示的第一級排放物或提供用於氣體渦輪機驅動器的渦輪機入口空氣的冷卻或冷卻多個液化系統。Although FIG. 5 shows cold water pre-cooling MR treatment, any freezing cooling fluid may be used, such as but not limited to ammonia, water, water glycol mixture, lithium bromide solution, liquid fluorinated hydrocarbon, liquid hydrocarbon, and the like. In addition, although FIG. 5 shows a shell and tube heat exchanger for pre-cooling the system heat exchanger 414, any type of heat exchanger may be used. In addition, although FIG. 5 shows separate warm-temperature risers 422, intermediate-temperature risers 424, and cold-temperature risers 426, any of these risers may be combined, or in some cases, the risers may be eliminated tube. Although not explicitly shown, cold water cooling systems can also be used to cool the feed gas and/or to cool the first-stage emissions as shown in FIG. 2 or to provide cooling or cooling of the turbine inlet air for gas turbine drives Liquefaction system.

存在本主題的可單獨地或一起體現於所描述並在以下要求的方法、裝置和系統中的若干方面。這些方面可單獨地或與本文所描述的主題的其他方面結合使用，並且這些方面一起的描述不意圖排除如本文所附權利要求書中所闡述的這些方面單獨的使用或這些方面單獨或以不同組合的要求。There are several aspects of the subject matter that can be embodied individually or together in the methods, devices, and systems described and claimed below. These aspects can be used alone or in combination with other aspects of the subject matter described herein, and the description of these aspects together is not intended to exclude the use of these aspects alone or these aspects alone or in different ways as set forth in the claims appended hereto Combination requirements.

雖然已示出並且描述了本發明的優選實施方式，但是本領域技術人員將顯而易見，可在不脫離本發明的精神的情況下在本發明中做出變化和修改，本發明的範圍通過所附申請專利範圍限定。Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is appended by The scope of patent application is limited.

8‧‧‧混合製冷劑液化系統 10‧‧‧熱交換器 12‧‧‧暖端 14‧‧‧冷端 16‧‧‧預冷卻天然氣進料流 18‧‧‧液化通道 20‧‧‧液體天然氣(LNG）產品流 22‧‧‧混合製冷劑壓縮機系統 24、46、264‧‧‧第一級吸鼓 26‧‧‧混合製冷劑蒸汽流 27‧‧‧蒸汽混合製冷劑流 28、352‧‧‧初級製冷通道 32‧‧‧第一級壓縮機 34、38‧‧‧冷卻器 35、88、284、342‧‧‧第二級吸鼓 36‧‧‧第二級壓縮機 40‧‧‧預冷卻系統 42a、372a‧‧‧預冷卻暖熱交換器 42b、372b‧‧‧預冷卻冷熱交換器 44、262‧‧‧預冷卻壓縮機系統 48‧‧‧丙烷製冷劑蒸汽流 52、272‧‧‧蒸汽流 54‧‧‧預冷卻壓縮機 56、274‧‧‧預冷卻冷凝器 58‧‧‧丙烷製冷劑液體流 62‧‧‧預冷卻製冷劑蓄積器 64‧‧‧丙烷製冷劑液體流 66、94、144、174、216、222、244、296、348、366‧‧‧膨脹裝置 72、96‧‧‧兩相流 74、98、378、382‧‧‧殼體 76‧‧‧液位傳感器 78、104、114、118、194、196、226、236、374‧‧‧芯部 82、84、84’‧‧‧天然氣進料流 86‧‧‧暖丙烷製冷劑蒸汽流 92‧‧‧丙烷製冷劑液體流 102‧‧‧液位傳感器 112‧‧‧高壓混合製冷劑流 116‧‧‧混合製冷劑流 122‧‧‧混合製冷劑(MR）混合相流 124、418‧‧‧高壓蓄積器 125‧‧‧高壓液體冷卻通道 126‧‧‧高壓蒸汽製冷劑流 127、204、286、306‧‧‧蒸汽流 128‧‧‧高壓液體製冷劑流 129、162‧‧‧閃蒸 131‧‧‧暖溫分離器 132‧‧‧混合相冷分離器進料流 133、142、212、234、362‧‧‧液體流 134、208、358、410‧‧‧冷蒸汽分離器 135‧‧‧高壓蒸汽冷卻通道 136‧‧‧冷分離器蒸汽流 138‧‧‧冷分離器液體流 141‧‧‧冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道 143‧‧‧冷分離器液體冷卻通道 146‧‧‧冷溫分離器 152‧‧‧冷溫液體流 154‧‧‧冷溫蒸汽流 160‧‧‧過冷冷分離器液體 164、368‧‧‧中溫分離器 166‧‧‧所得液體流 168、232‧‧‧所得蒸汽流 172‧‧‧液化的天然氣流 182‧‧‧第二級壓縮和冷卻循環的流 186‧‧‧所得冷卻的MR流 188‧‧‧第一高壓MR蓄積器 192‧‧‧所得蒸汽MR流 198、218、238‧‧‧所得冷卻的流 202‧‧‧第二高壓MR蓄積器 206、214、220、242、294、324、326、346、356、364‧‧‧(冷卻)通道 224‧‧‧第一級壓縮和冷卻循環的排放流 228‧‧‧MR低壓蓄積器 252‧‧‧暖混合製冷劑(MR）預冷卻系統 254‧‧‧暖MR預冷卻熱交換器 256‧‧‧預冷卻通道 266‧‧‧預冷卻MR蒸汽流 268‧‧‧預冷卻初級製冷通道 276‧‧‧預冷卻MR蓄積器 278、298‧‧‧閥 292、312‧‧‧液體預冷卻MR流 302‧‧‧預冷卻冷分離器 304‧‧‧次級預冷卻製冷通道 308‧‧‧蒸汽預冷卻MR流 314‧‧‧所得冷卻的天然氣流 316‧‧‧液化壓縮機系統 318‧‧‧第一級液化MR流 322‧‧‧第二級液化MR流 328、334‧‧‧所得混合相流 332‧‧‧液化MR低壓蓄積器 336‧‧‧液化MR高壓蓄積器 338、354‧‧‧液化MR蒸汽流 344‧‧‧液化MR液體流 350、420‧‧‧液化熱交換器 370‧‧‧丙烷預冷卻系統 376‧‧‧內頭部 384、404‧‧‧第二壓縮和冷卻級的排放流 386、406‧‧‧液化MR壓縮機系統 402‧‧‧冷水冷卻系統 408‧‧‧MR液化系統 412‧‧‧泵 414‧‧‧冷卻劑熱交換器 416‧‧‧冷卻的MR流 422‧‧‧暖溫立管 424‧‧‧中溫立管 426‧‧‧冷溫立管8‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant liquefaction system 10‧‧‧ heat exchanger 12‧‧‧ warm end 14‧‧‧Cold end 16‧‧‧Precooled natural gas feed stream 18‧‧‧liquefaction channel 20‧‧‧ Liquid natural gas (LNG) product flow 22‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant compressor system 24, 46, 264‧‧‧ First stage suction drum 26‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant vapor flow 27‧‧‧Steam mixed refrigerant flow 28, 352‧‧‧ Primary refrigeration channel 32‧‧‧First stage compressor 34, 38‧‧‧ cooler 35, 88, 284, 342 36‧‧‧second stage compressor 40‧‧‧Pre-cooling system 42a, 372a ‧‧‧ pre-cooled warm heat exchanger 42b, 372b ‧‧‧ pre-cooled cold heat exchanger 44、262‧‧‧Pre-cooling compressor system 48‧‧‧ Propane refrigerant vapor flow 52、272‧‧‧Steam flow 54‧‧‧Pre-cooling compressor 56,274‧‧‧Pre-cooling condenser 58‧‧‧propane refrigerant liquid flow 62‧‧‧Precooled refrigerant accumulator 64‧‧‧propane refrigerant liquid flow 66, 94, 144, 174, 216, 222, 244, 296, 348, 366‧‧‧Expansion device 72, 96‧‧‧ two-phase flow 74, 98, 378, 382 76‧‧‧Liquid level sensor 78, 104, 114, 118, 194, 196, 226, 236, 374 82, 84, 84’‧‧‧ natural gas feed stream 86‧‧‧ Warm propane refrigerant vapor flow 92‧‧‧propane refrigerant liquid flow 102‧‧‧Liquid level sensor 112‧‧‧High pressure mixed refrigerant flow 116‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant flow 122‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant (MR) mixed phase flow 124、418‧‧‧High pressure accumulator 125‧‧‧High-pressure liquid cooling channel 126‧‧‧ High-pressure steam refrigerant flow 127, 204, 286, 306 128‧‧‧High pressure liquid refrigerant flow 129, 162‧‧‧Flash 131‧‧‧warm temperature separator 132‧‧‧ Mixed phase cold separator feed stream 133, 142, 212, 234, 362 134, 208, 358, 410 ‧‧‧ cold steam separator 135‧‧‧High-pressure steam cooling channel 136‧‧‧cold separator steam flow 138‧‧‧Cold separator liquid flow 141‧‧‧Steam cooling channel of cold separator 143‧‧‧cold separator liquid cooling channel 146‧‧‧cold temperature separator 152‧‧‧Cool liquid flow 154‧‧‧ cold steam flow 160‧‧‧Subcooled liquid separator 164、368‧‧‧Medium temperature separator 166‧‧‧ liquid flow 168, 232‧‧‧ steam flow 172‧‧‧Liquefied natural gas stream 182‧‧‧second stage compression and cooling circulation flow 186‧‧‧The resulting cooled MR stream 188‧‧‧The first high-pressure MR accumulator 192‧‧‧ Steam MR stream 198, 218, 238 202‧‧‧The second high-pressure MR accumulator 206, 214, 220, 242, 294, 324, 326, 346, 356, 364‧‧‧ (cooling) channel 224‧‧‧The discharge stream of the first stage compression and cooling cycle 228‧‧‧MR low pressure accumulator 252‧‧‧ Warm mixed refrigerant (MR) pre-cooling system 254‧‧‧ Warm MR pre-cooling heat exchanger 256‧‧‧Pre-cooling channel 266‧‧‧Pre-cooled MR steam flow 268‧‧‧Pre-cooling primary cooling channel 276‧‧‧Pre-cooling MR accumulator 278, 298‧‧‧ valve 292, 312‧‧‧ liquid pre-cooled MR flow 302‧‧‧Pre-cooling cold separator 304‧‧‧secondary pre-cooling cooling channel 308‧‧‧ steam pre-cooled MR flow 314‧‧‧Cooled natural gas stream 316‧‧‧Liquefied compressor system 318‧‧‧First-stage liquefied MR flow 322‧‧‧second-stage liquefied MR flow 328, 334‧‧‧ obtained mixed phase flow 332‧‧‧Liquid MR low-pressure accumulator 336‧‧‧Liquified MR high-pressure accumulator 338, 354‧‧‧Liquid MR steam flow 344‧‧‧Liquified MR liquid flow 350, 420‧‧‧liquefaction heat exchanger 370‧‧‧Propane pre-cooling system 376‧‧‧Inner head 384, 404‧‧‧ discharge stream of the second compression and cooling stage 386、406‧‧‧Liquid MR compressor system 402‧‧‧cold water cooling system 408‧‧‧MR liquefaction system 412‧‧‧Pump 414‧‧‧coolant heat exchanger 416‧‧‧cooled MR flow 422‧‧‧warm temperature riser 424‧‧‧Medium temperature riser 426‧‧‧cold temperature riser

圖1是示出本發明的系統和方法的第一實施方式的流程流和示意圖；FIG. 1 is a flow chart and schematic diagram showing a first embodiment of the system and method of the present invention;

圖2是示出本發明的系統和方法的第二實施方式的流程流和示意圖；2 is a flow chart and schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of the system and method of the present invention;

圖3是示出本發明的系統和方法的第三實施方式的流程流和示意圖；3 is a flow chart and schematic diagram illustrating a third embodiment of the system and method of the present invention;

圖4是示出本發明的系統和方法的第四實施方式的流程流和示意圖；並且4 is a flow chart and schematic diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the system and method of the present invention; and

圖5是示出本發明的系統和方法的第五實施方式的流程流和示意圖。FIG. 5 is a flow chart and schematic diagram showing a fifth embodiment of the system and method of the present invention.

8‧‧‧混合製冷劑液化系統 8‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant liquefaction system

10‧‧‧熱交換器 10‧‧‧ heat exchanger

12‧‧‧暖端 12‧‧‧ warm end

14‧‧‧冷端 14‧‧‧Cold end

16‧‧‧預冷卻天然氣進料流 16‧‧‧Precooled natural gas feed stream

18‧‧‧液化通道 18‧‧‧liquefaction channel

20‧‧‧液體天然氣(LNG)產品流 20‧‧‧ Liquid natural gas (LNG) product flow

22‧‧‧混合製冷劑壓縮機系統 22‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant compressor system

24、46‧‧‧第一級吸鼓 24、46‧‧‧First stage suction drum

26‧‧‧混合製冷劑蒸汽流 26‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant vapor flow

27‧‧‧蒸汽混合製冷劑流 27‧‧‧Steam mixed refrigerant flow

28‧‧‧初級製冷通道 28‧‧‧ Primary cooling channel

32‧‧‧第一級壓縮機 32‧‧‧First stage compressor

34、38‧‧‧冷卻器 34, 38‧‧‧ cooler

35、88‧‧‧第二級吸鼓 35、88‧‧‧Second stage suction drum

36‧‧‧第二級壓縮機 36‧‧‧second stage compressor

40‧‧‧預冷卻系統 40‧‧‧Pre-cooling system

42a‧‧‧預冷卻暖熱交換器 42a‧‧‧Pre-cooling warm heat exchanger

42b‧‧‧預冷卻冷熱交換器 42b‧‧‧Pre-cooling cold heat exchanger

44‧‧‧預冷卻壓縮機系統 44‧‧‧Pre-cooling compressor system

48‧‧‧丙烷製冷劑蒸汽流 48‧‧‧ Propane refrigerant vapor flow

52‧‧‧第一級吸鼓的蒸汽流 52‧‧‧The steam flow of the first stage suction drum

54‧‧‧預冷卻壓縮機 54‧‧‧Pre-cooling compressor

56‧‧‧預冷卻冷凝器 56‧‧‧Pre-cooling condenser

62‧‧‧預冷卻製冷劑蓄積器 62‧‧‧Precooled refrigerant accumulator

64‧‧‧丙烷製冷劑液體流 64‧‧‧propane refrigerant liquid flow

66、94、144、174‧‧‧膨脹裝置 66, 94, 144, 174‧‧‧‧Expansion device

72、96‧‧‧兩相流 72, 96‧‧‧ two-phase flow

74‧‧‧殼體 74‧‧‧Housing

76‧‧‧液位傳感器 76‧‧‧Liquid level sensor

78、104、114、118‧‧‧芯部 78, 104, 114, 118 ‧‧‧ core

82、84、84’‧‧‧天然氣進料流 82, 84, 84’‧‧‧ natural gas feed stream

86‧‧‧暖丙烷製冷劑蒸汽流 86‧‧‧ Warm propane refrigerant vapor flow

92‧‧‧丙烷製冷劑液體流 92‧‧‧propane refrigerant liquid flow

102‧‧‧液位傳感器 102‧‧‧Liquid level sensor

112‧‧‧高壓混合製冷劑流 112‧‧‧High pressure mixed refrigerant flow

116‧‧‧混合製冷劑流 116‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant flow

122‧‧‧混合製冷劑(MR)混合相流 122‧‧‧ Mixed refrigerant (MR) mixed phase flow

124‧‧‧高壓蓄積器 124‧‧‧High pressure accumulator

125‧‧‧高壓液體冷卻通道 125‧‧‧High-pressure liquid cooling channel

126‧‧‧高壓蒸汽製冷劑流 126‧‧‧ High-pressure steam refrigerant flow

127‧‧‧蒸汽流 127‧‧‧Steam flow

128‧‧‧高壓液體製冷劑流 128‧‧‧High pressure liquid refrigerant flow

129、162‧‧‧閃蒸 129, 162‧‧‧Flash

131‧‧‧暖溫分離器 131‧‧‧warm temperature separator

132‧‧‧混合相冷分離器進料流 132‧‧‧ Mixed phase cold separator feed stream

133、142‧‧‧液體流 133、142‧‧‧Liquid flow

134‧‧‧冷蒸汽分離器 134‧‧‧cold steam separator

135‧‧‧高壓蒸汽冷卻通道 135‧‧‧High-pressure steam cooling channel

136‧‧‧冷分離器蒸汽流 136‧‧‧cold separator steam flow

138‧‧‧冷分離器液體流 138‧‧‧Cold separator liquid flow

141‧‧‧冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道 141‧‧‧Steam cooling channel of cold separator

143‧‧‧冷分離器液體冷卻通道 143‧‧‧cold separator liquid cooling channel

146‧‧‧冷溫分離器 146‧‧‧cold temperature separator

152‧‧‧冷溫液體流 152‧‧‧Cool liquid flow

154‧‧‧冷溫蒸汽流 154‧‧‧ cold steam flow

160‧‧‧過冷冷分離器液體 160‧‧‧Subcooled liquid separator

164‧‧‧中溫分離器 164‧‧‧Medium temperature separator

166‧‧‧所得液體流 166‧‧‧ liquid flow

168‧‧‧所得蒸汽流 168‧‧‧ Steam flow

172‧‧‧液化的天然氣流 172‧‧‧Liquefied natural gas stream

Claims (30)

一種利用預冷卻製冷劑和混合製冷劑來冷卻氣體的系統，所述系統包含： a）預冷卻熱交換器，其具有適於接收進料氣體流的進料氣體入口和進料氣體出口、預冷卻製冷劑入口和預冷卻製冷劑出口以及液化混合製冷劑入口和液化混合製冷劑出口，所述預冷卻熱交換器被構造成使用所述預冷卻製冷劑來冷卻在所述進料氣體入口與所述進料氣體出口之間穿過所述預冷卻熱交換器的進料氣體，並且冷卻在所述液化混合製冷劑入口與所述液化混合製冷劑出口之間穿過所述預冷卻熱交換器的液化混合製冷劑； b）預冷卻壓縮機系統，其包括： i） 預冷卻壓縮機，其具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述預冷卻製冷劑出口流體連通的入口； ii） 預冷卻冷凝器，其具有與所述預冷卻壓縮機的出口流體連通的入口，所述預冷卻冷凝器也具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述預冷卻製冷劑入口流體連通的出口； c）液化熱交換器，其包括與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述進料氣體出口流體連通的液化通道、初級製冷通道、高壓蒸汽冷卻通道和冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道，其中所述冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道具有與所述初級製冷通道流體連通的出口； d）混合製冷劑壓縮系統，其包括： i） 混合製冷劑壓縮機，其具有與所述初級製冷通道的出口流體連通的入口； ii） 混合製冷劑冷卻器，其具有與所述混合製冷劑壓縮機的出口流體連通的入口，所述混合製冷劑冷卻器具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述液化混合製冷劑入口流體連通的出口， iii） 高壓蓄積器，其具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述液化混合製冷劑出口流體連通的入口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述高壓蒸汽冷卻通道的入口流體連通的蒸汽出口； e）冷蒸汽分離器，其具有與所述液化熱交換器的所述高壓蒸汽冷卻通道的出口流體連通的入口、與所述液化熱交換器的冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道的入口流體連通的蒸汽出口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述初級製冷通道連通的液體出口。A system for cooling gas using pre-cooled refrigerant and mixed refrigerant, the system comprising: a) A pre-cooling heat exchanger with a feed gas inlet and a feed gas outlet suitable for receiving the feed gas flow, a pre-cooling refrigerant inlet and a pre-cooling refrigerant outlet, and a liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and a liquefied mixed refrigerant An outlet, the pre-cooling heat exchanger is configured to use the pre-cooling refrigerant to cool the feed gas passing through the pre-cooling heat exchanger between the feed gas inlet and the feed gas outlet And cooling the liquefied mixed refrigerant passing through the pre-cooling heat exchanger between the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet; b) Pre-cooled compressor system, including: i) a pre-cooling compressor having an inlet in fluid communication with the pre-cooling refrigerant outlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger; ii) A pre-cooling condenser having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the pre-cooling compressor, the pre-cooling condenser also having a fluid communication with the pre-cooling refrigerant inlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger Export; c) A liquefaction heat exchanger, which includes a liquefaction channel, a primary refrigeration channel, a high-pressure steam cooling channel, and a cold separator steam cooling channel in fluid communication with the feed gas outlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger, wherein the cold The separator steam cooling channel has an outlet in fluid communication with the primary refrigeration channel; d) Mixed refrigerant compression system, including: i) A mixed refrigerant compressor having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the primary refrigeration channel; ii) A mixed refrigerant cooler having an inlet in fluid communication with an outlet of the mixed refrigerant compressor, the mixed refrigerant cooler having the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet fluid with the pre-cooling heat exchanger Connected outlet, iii) A high-pressure accumulator having an inlet in fluid communication with the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger and a steam outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of the high-pressure steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger ; e) A cold steam separator having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the high-pressure steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger, and steam in fluid communication with the inlet of the cold separator steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger An outlet and a liquid outlet communicating with the primary refrigeration channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的系統，其中所述預冷卻熱交換器包括暖預冷卻熱交換器和冷預冷卻熱交換器。The system according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the pre-cooling heat exchanger includes a warm pre-cooling heat exchanger and a cold pre-cooling heat exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的系統，其中所述暖預冷卻熱交換器和所述冷預冷卻熱交換器中的每一個包括接收所述預冷卻製冷劑的殼體，並且所述暖預冷卻熱交換器和所述冷預冷卻熱交換器中的至少一個包括接收所述進料氣體的進料氣體芯部。The system of claim 2 of the patent application scope, wherein each of the warm pre-cooling heat exchanger and the cold pre-cooling heat exchanger includes a housing that receives the pre-cooling refrigerant, and the warm At least one of the pre-cooling heat exchanger and the cold pre-cooling heat exchanger includes a feed gas core that receives the feed gas. 如申請專利範圍第2項所述的系統，其中所述暖預冷卻熱交換器和所述冷預冷卻熱交換器中的每一個包括液化混合製冷劑芯部，所述液化混合製冷劑芯部被構造來冷卻在所述液化混合製冷劑入口與所述液化混合製冷劑出口之間穿過所述預冷卻熱交換器的液化混合製冷劑。The system according to item 2 of the patent application range, wherein each of the warm pre-cooling heat exchanger and the cold pre-cooling heat exchanger includes a liquefied mixed refrigerant core, and the liquefied mixed refrigerant core It is configured to cool the liquefied mixed refrigerant passing through the pre-cooling heat exchanger between the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet. 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的系統，其中單個液化混合製冷劑芯部在所述暖預冷卻熱交換器和所述冷預冷卻熱交換器兩者的所述殼體內延伸，並且被構造來冷卻在所述液化混合製冷劑入口與所述液化混合製冷劑出口之間穿過所述預冷卻熱交換器的液化混合製冷劑。The system of claim 4 of the patent application scope, wherein a single liquefied mixed refrigerant core extends within the housing of both the warm pre-cooling heat exchanger and the cold pre-cooling heat exchanger, and is constructed To cool the liquefied mixed refrigerant passing through the pre-cooling heat exchanger between the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet. 如申請專利範圍第5項所述的系統，其中內頭部在所述暖預冷卻熱交換器和所述冷預冷卻熱交換器的所述殼體的內部空間之間延伸，且所述單個液化混合製冷劑芯部延伸穿過所述內頭部。The system according to item 5 of the patent application scope, wherein the inner head extends between the warm pre-cooling heat exchanger and the inner space of the housing of the cold pre-cooling heat exchanger, and the single The liquefied mixed refrigerant core extends through the inner head. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的系統，其中所述混合製冷劑壓縮系統進一步包括具有與所述混合製冷劑冷卻器的所述出口流體連通的入口的混合製冷劑第二壓縮機或壓縮級、具有與所述混合製冷劑第二壓縮機或壓縮級的出口流體連通的入口的第二混合製冷劑冷卻器，所述第二冷卻器具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述液化混合製冷劑入口流體連通的出口。The system of claim 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the mixed refrigerant compression system further includes a mixed refrigerant second compressor or compression stage having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the mixed refrigerant cooler A second mixed refrigerant cooler having an inlet in fluid communication with the mixed refrigerant second compressor or the outlet of the compression stage, the second cooler having the liquefied mixture with the pre-cooling heat exchanger The refrigerant inlet is in fluid communication with the outlet. 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的系統，其中所述預冷卻熱交換器包括級間混合製冷劑入口和級間混合製冷劑出口，並且其中所述混合製冷劑壓縮機具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述級間混合製冷劑入口流體連通的出口，並且所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述級間混合製冷劑出口與級間蓄積器流體連通，所述級間蓄積器具有與所述第二壓縮機或第二壓縮級的所述入口流體連通的蒸汽出口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述初級製冷通道流體連通的液體出口。The system according to item 7 of the patent application range, wherein the pre-cooling heat exchanger includes an inter-stage mixed refrigerant inlet and an inter-stage mixed refrigerant outlet, and wherein the mixed refrigerant compressor has The inter-stage mixed refrigerant inlet of the heat exchanger is in fluid communication with the outlet, and the inter-stage mixed refrigerant outlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger is in fluid communication with the inter-stage accumulator, the inter-stage accumulator having A steam outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of the second compressor or second compression stage and a liquid outlet in fluid communication with the primary refrigeration passage of the liquefaction heat exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的系統，其中所述高壓蓄積器包括液體出口，並且所述液化熱交換器進一步包含高壓液體冷卻通道，所述高壓液體冷卻通道具有與所述高壓蓄積器的所述液體出口流體連通的入口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述初級製冷通道流體連通的出口。The system according to item 1 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the high-pressure accumulator includes a liquid outlet, and the liquefaction heat exchanger further includes a high-pressure liquid cooling channel, the high-pressure liquid cooling channel having a An inlet in fluid communication with the liquid outlet and an outlet in fluid communication with the primary refrigeration passage of the liquefaction heat exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的系統，其中所述預冷卻製冷劑為丙烷、丁烷、氨或含氯氟烴。The system according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the pre-cooling refrigerant is propane, butane, ammonia, or chlorofluorocarbon. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的系統，其中所述預冷卻製冷劑為混合製冷劑。The system according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the pre-cooling refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant. 如申請專利範圍第11項所述的系統，其中所述預冷卻製冷劑熱交換器為板翅式熱交換器。The system according to item 11 of the patent application range, wherein the pre-cooling refrigerant heat exchanger is a plate-fin heat exchanger. 一種用於冷卻進料氣體流的方法，所述方法包含以下步驟： a）使用第一製冷劑在預冷卻熱交換器中預冷卻所述進料氣體流以形成預冷卻的進料氣體流； b）通過以下操作進一步冷卻所述預冷卻的進料氣體流： i) 在所述預冷卻熱交換器中冷卻高壓第二製冷劑流以形成冷卻的高壓第二製冷劑流； ii) 分離所述冷卻的高壓第二製冷劑流以形成高壓蒸汽流和高壓液體流； iii) 在液化熱交換器中冷卻所述高壓蒸汽流，以形成混合相流； iv) 以冷蒸汽分離器分離所述混合相流以形成冷分離器蒸汽流和冷分離器液體流； v) 使用所述第二製冷劑在所述液化熱交換器中使所述冷分離器蒸汽流冷凝並閃蒸，以形成冷溫製冷劑流； vi) 將所述冷溫製冷劑流引導到所述液化熱交換器； vii) 使所述高壓液體流過冷以形成過冷的高壓液體流並與所述液化熱交換器中的所述冷溫製冷劑流組合； viii) 使所述冷分離器液體流過冷以形成過冷的冷分離器液體流並與所述液化熱交換器中的所述冷溫製冷劑流組合；以及 ix) 使所述液化熱交換器中的所述預冷卻的氣體流與所述冷溫製冷劑流熱接觸。A method for cooling a feed gas stream, the method comprising the following steps: a) using the first refrigerant to pre-cool the feed gas stream in a pre-cooling heat exchanger to form a pre-cooled feed gas stream; b) The pre-cooled feed gas stream is further cooled by the following operations: i) cooling the high-pressure second refrigerant flow in the pre-cooling heat exchanger to form a cooled high-pressure second refrigerant flow; ii) separating the cooled high-pressure second refrigerant stream to form a high-pressure steam stream and a high-pressure liquid stream; iii) cooling the high-pressure steam flow in a liquefaction heat exchanger to form a mixed-phase flow; iv) Separate the mixed phase flow with a cold steam separator to form a cold separator steam flow and a cold separator liquid flow; v) using the second refrigerant to condense and flash vaporize the cold separator vapor stream in the liquefaction heat exchanger to form a cold temperature refrigerant stream; vi) direct the cold temperature refrigerant flow to the liquefaction heat exchanger; vii) Subcooling the high-pressure liquid flow to form a supercooled high-pressure liquid flow and combining it with the cold temperature refrigerant flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger; viii) The cold separator liquid stream is subcooled to form a subcooled cold separator liquid stream and combined with the cold warm refrigerant stream in the liquefaction heat exchanger; and ix) The precooled gas stream in the liquefaction heat exchanger is brought into thermal contact with the cold warm refrigerant stream. 如申請專利範圍第13項所述的方法，其中所述高壓液體流和所述冷分離器液體流是在所述液化熱交換器中過冷。The method according to item 13 of the patent application scope, wherein the high-pressure liquid stream and the cold separator liquid stream are supercooled in the liquefaction heat exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第13項所述的方法，其中步驟b）進一步包含以下步驟：在所述預冷卻熱交換器中對低壓混合製冷劑流進行冷卻，分離所述冷卻的低壓混合製冷劑流以形成低壓混合製冷劑蒸汽流和低壓混合製冷劑液體流，壓縮所述低壓混合製冷劑蒸汽流以形成高壓混合製冷劑流，然後冷卻所述高壓混合製冷劑流以形成所述冷卻的高壓混合製冷劑流並將所述低壓混合製冷劑液體流引導到所述液化熱交換器。The method according to item 13 of the patent application scope, wherein step b) further includes the steps of: cooling the low-pressure mixed refrigerant flow in the pre-cooling heat exchanger, and separating the cooled low-pressure mixed refrigerant flow to A low-pressure mixed refrigerant vapor flow and a low-pressure mixed refrigerant liquid flow are formed, the low-pressure mixed refrigerant vapor flow is compressed to form a high-pressure mixed refrigerant flow, and then the high-pressure mixed refrigerant flow is cooled to form the cooled high-pressure mixed refrigeration Agent flow and direct the low-pressure mixed refrigerant liquid flow to the liquefaction heat exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述的方法，其中所述高壓混合製冷劑流在所述預冷卻熱交換器中冷卻以形成所述冷卻的高壓混合製冷劑流。The method according to item 15 of the patent application range, wherein the high-pressure mixed refrigerant flow is cooled in the pre-cooling heat exchanger to form the cooled high-pressure mixed refrigerant flow. 如申請專利範圍第15項所述的方法，其中所述高壓混合製冷劑流在所述預冷卻熱交換器和所述液化熱交換器兩者中冷卻以形成所述冷卻的高壓混合製冷劑流。The method of claim 15 of the patent application scope, wherein the high-pressure mixed refrigerant stream is cooled in both the pre-cooling heat exchanger and the liquefaction heat exchanger to form the cooled high-pressure mixed refrigerant stream . 如申請專利範圍第13項所述的方法，其中所述預冷卻製冷劑為丙烷、丁烷、氨或含氯氟烴。The method according to item 13 of the patent application range, wherein the pre-cooling refrigerant is propane, butane, ammonia, or chlorofluorocarbon. 如申請專利範圍第13項所述的方法，其中所述預冷卻製冷劑為混合製冷劑。The method according to item 13 of the patent application scope, wherein the pre-cooling refrigerant is a mixed refrigerant. 如申請專利範圍第13項所述的方法，其中步驟a）包括使用暖預冷卻熱交換器的第一預冷卻級和使用冷預冷卻熱交換器的第二預冷卻級。The method according to item 13 of the patent application scope, wherein step a) includes a first pre-cooling stage using a warm pre-cooling heat exchanger and a second pre-cooling stage using a cold pre-cooling heat exchanger. 一種利用混合製冷劑來冷卻進料氣體的系統，所述系統包含： a）預冷卻熱交換器，其具有被構造來接收預冷卻製冷劑流的預冷卻製冷劑入口和預冷卻製冷劑出口以及液化混合製冷劑入口和液化混合製冷劑出口，所述預冷卻熱交換器被構造來使用所述預冷卻製冷劑以冷卻在所述液化混合製冷劑入口與所述液化混合製冷劑出口之間穿過所述預冷卻熱交換器的液化混合製冷劑； b）液化熱交換器，其包括被構造來接收所述進料氣體的流的液化通道、初級製冷通道、高壓蒸汽冷卻通道和冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道，其中所述冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道具有與所述初級製冷通道流體連通的出口； c）混合製冷劑壓縮系統，其包括： i） 混合製冷劑壓縮機，其具有與所述初級製冷通道的出口流體連通的入口； ii） 混合製冷劑冷卻器，其具有處於與所述混合製冷劑壓縮機的出口流體連通的入口，所述混合製冷劑冷卻器具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述液化混合製冷劑入口流體連通的出口， iii） 高壓蓄積器，其具有與所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述液化混合製冷劑出口流體連通的入口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述高壓蒸汽冷卻通道的入口流體連通的蒸汽出口； d）冷蒸汽分離器，其具有與所述液化熱交換器的所述高壓蒸汽冷卻通道的出口流體連通的入口、與所述液化熱交換器的所述冷分離器蒸汽冷卻通道的入口流體連通的蒸汽出口和與所述液化熱交換器的所述初級製冷通道連通的液體出口。A system using mixed refrigerant to cool feed gas, the system comprising: a) A pre-cooling heat exchanger having a pre-cooling refrigerant inlet and a pre-cooling refrigerant outlet configured to receive a pre-cooling refrigerant flow and a liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and a liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet, the pre-cooling heat exchange A cooler configured to use the pre-cooled refrigerant to cool the liquefied mixed refrigerant passing through the pre-cooled heat exchanger between the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet and the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet; b) A liquefaction heat exchanger including a liquefaction channel configured to receive the flow of feed gas, a primary refrigeration channel, a high-pressure steam cooling channel, and a cold separator steam cooling channel, wherein the cold separator steam cooling channel has An outlet in fluid communication with the primary refrigeration channel; c) Mixed refrigerant compression system, including: i) A mixed refrigerant compressor having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the primary refrigeration channel; ii) A mixed refrigerant cooler having an inlet in fluid communication with an outlet of the mixed refrigerant compressor, the mixed refrigerant cooler having the liquefied mixed refrigerant inlet with the pre-cooling heat exchanger Fluid communication outlet, iii) A high-pressure accumulator having an inlet in fluid communication with the liquefied mixed refrigerant outlet of the pre-cooling heat exchanger and a steam outlet in fluid communication with the inlet of the high-pressure steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger ; d) A cold steam separator having an inlet in fluid communication with the outlet of the high-pressure steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger and in fluid communication with the inlet of the cold separator steam cooling channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger Steam outlet and liquid outlet communicating with the primary refrigeration channel of the liquefaction heat exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第21項所述的系統，其中所述預冷卻熱交換器還包括適於接收進料氣體流的進料氣體入口和進料氣體出口，並且所述預冷卻熱交換器被構造來使用所述預冷卻製冷劑以冷卻在所述進料氣體入口與所述進料氣體出口之間穿過所述預冷卻熱交換器的進料氣體。The system of claim 21, wherein the pre-cooling heat exchanger further includes a feed gas inlet and a feed gas outlet adapted to receive a feed gas stream, and the pre-cooling heat exchanger is constructed The pre-cooling refrigerant is used to cool the feed gas passing through the pre-cooling heat exchanger between the feed gas inlet and the feed gas outlet. 如申請專利範圍第21項所述的系統，其中所述預冷卻熱交換器包括串聯或並聯連接的多個熱交換器。The system of claim 21, wherein the pre-cooling heat exchanger includes a plurality of heat exchangers connected in series or in parallel. 如申請專利範圍第21項所述的系統，其中所述預冷卻製冷劑是選自由以下組成的組：丙烷、丁烷、氨、水、水乙二醇混合物、溴化鋰溶液、液體氟化烴和液體烴。The system of claim 21, wherein the pre-cooling refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of propane, butane, ammonia, water, water glycol mixture, lithium bromide solution, liquid fluorinated hydrocarbon and Liquid hydrocarbons. 如申請專利範圍第21項所述的系統，其進一步包含泵，所述泵被構造來將預冷卻製冷劑流泵送到所述預冷卻熱交換器的所述預冷卻製冷劑入口。The system of claim 21, further comprising a pump configured to pump a flow of pre-cooled refrigerant to the pre-cooled refrigerant inlet of the pre-cooled heat exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第21項所述的系統，其進一步包括預冷卻製冷劑系統，所述預冷卻製冷劑系統選自由以下組成的組：機械冷凍器、吸附式冷凍器、熱電冷凍器和熱聲製冷機，其中所述預冷卻製冷劑系統被構造來冷卻所述預冷卻製冷劑。The system of claim 21 of the patent application scope, which further includes a pre-cooling refrigerant system selected from the group consisting of: mechanical freezer, adsorption freezer, thermoelectric freezer and thermoacoustic A refrigerator, wherein the pre-cooling refrigerant system is configured to cool the pre-cooling refrigerant. 一種用於冷卻進料氣體流的方法，所述方法包含以下步驟： a）將所述進料氣體流引導到液化熱交換器中； b）在預冷卻熱交換器中冷卻高壓混合製冷劑流以形成冷卻的高壓混合製冷劑流； c）通過以下操作在所述液化熱交換器中冷卻所述進料氣體流： i） 分離所述冷卻的高壓混合製冷劑流以形成高壓蒸汽流和高壓液體流； ii） 在所述液化熱交換器中冷卻所述高壓蒸汽流以形成混合相流； iii） 以冷蒸汽分離器分離所述混合相流以形成冷分離器蒸汽流和冷分離器液體流； iv） 在所述液化熱交換器中使所述冷分離器蒸汽流冷凝並閃蒸以形成冷溫製冷劑流； v） 將所述冷溫製冷劑流引導到所述液化熱交換器； vi） 在所述液化熱交換器中使所述高壓液體流過冷以形成過冷的高壓液體流並與所述液化熱交換器中的所述冷溫製冷劑流組合； vii） 使所述冷分離器液體流過冷以形成過冷冷分離器液體流並與所述液化熱交換器中的所述冷溫製冷劑流組合；以及 viii） 使所述液化熱交換器中的所述氣體流與所述冷溫製冷劑流熱接觸。A method for cooling a feed gas stream, the method comprising the following steps: a) direct the feed gas flow into the liquefaction heat exchanger; b) Cooling the high-pressure mixed refrigerant flow in the pre-cooling heat exchanger to form a cooled high-pressure mixed refrigerant flow; c) Cooling the feed gas stream in the liquefaction heat exchanger by the following operations: i) separating the cooled high-pressure mixed refrigerant flow to form a high-pressure steam flow and a high-pressure liquid flow; ii) cooling the high-pressure steam flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger to form a mixed phase flow; iii) Separate the mixed phase flow with a cold steam separator to form a cold separator steam flow and a cold separator liquid flow; iv) condensing and flashing the cold separator vapor stream in the liquefaction heat exchanger to form a cold warm refrigerant stream; v) direct the cold temperature refrigerant flow to the liquefaction heat exchanger; vi) The high-pressure liquid flow is subcooled in the liquefaction heat exchanger to form a supercooled high-pressure liquid flow and combined with the cold temperature refrigerant flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger; vii) The cold separator liquid flow is subcooled to form a subcooled cold separator liquid flow and combined with the cold warm refrigerant flow in the liquefaction heat exchanger; and viii) The gas stream in the liquefaction heat exchanger is in thermal contact with the cold warm refrigerant stream. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述的方法，進一步包含以下步驟：在步驟a）之前在所述預冷卻熱交換器中預冷卻所述進料氣體流。The method as described in item 27 of the patent application scope further includes the following step: before step a), the feed gas stream is pre-cooled in the pre-cooling heat exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第27項所述的方法，其中步驟b）使用預冷卻製冷劑來執行，所述預冷卻製冷劑使用預冷卻製冷劑系統加以冷卻，所述預冷卻製冷劑系統選自由以下組成的組：機械冷凍器、吸附式冷凍器、熱電冷凍器和熱聲製冷機。The method of claim 27, wherein step b) is performed using a pre-cooling refrigerant, the pre-cooling refrigerant is cooled using a pre-cooling refrigerant system selected from the group consisting of The group: mechanical freezer, adsorption freezer, thermoelectric freezer and thermoacoustic refrigerator. 如申請專利範圍第29項所述的方法，其中所述預冷卻製冷劑被冷卻到比通過空氣冷卻或水蒸發冷卻可實現的溫度更冷的溫度。The method according to item 29 of the patent application range, wherein the pre-cooled refrigerant is cooled to a cooler temperature than can be achieved by air cooling or water evaporative cooling.
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