TW201928449A - Display for augmented reality or virtual reality - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
- G02B2027/0125—Field-of-view increase by wavefront division
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種用於擴增實境及虛擬實境應用之顯示器。The present invention relates to a display for augmented reality and virtual reality applications.
在一擴增實境頭戴式裝置中，一透明波導提供於一使用者之單眼或雙眼前方。一光投射器透射光朝向該波導。光可藉由一輸入繞射光柵耦合至該波導中。接著，光藉由全內反射在該波導內傳播，且一輸出繞射光柵使光耦合出該波導且使光朝向一觀察者。在使用中，一觀察者可看見自其外部環境透射穿過該透明波導之光以及來自該投射器之投射光。此可提供一擴增實境體驗。一虛擬實境頭戴式裝置以一類似方式工作，但該使用者僅可看見投射光且無法看見來自其外部環境之任何光。In an augmented reality headset, a transparent waveguide is provided in front of one or both eyes of a user. A light projector transmits light toward the waveguide. Light can be coupled into the waveguide through an input diffraction grating. The light then propagates through the waveguide by total internal reflection, and an output diffraction grating couples the light out of the waveguide and directs the light toward an observer. In use, an observer can see light transmitted through the transparent waveguide from its external environment and projected light from the projector. This can provide an augmented reality experience. A virtual reality headset works in a similar manner, but the user can only see the projected light and cannot see any light from his external environment.
擴增實境及虛擬實境顯示器領域中之一個挑戰係提供寬視場多色影像。亦希望提供擴增實境顯示器，其在使用者之視場邊緣處提供擴增實境影像，使得此等影像不會分散使用者視覺中心之現實世界活動之注意力。特定地希望提供視平線下觀察，因為此模仿汽車及航空工業中使用之習知顯示面板及儀表板。此外，希望將投射器及電子設備定位於其對一使用者視覺提供最小干擾及且對一使用者臉部提供最小遮擋所處之位置。One of the challenges in the field of augmented reality and virtual reality displays is to provide wide field of view multicolor images. It is also desirable to provide augmented reality displays that provide augmented reality images at the edges of the user's field of view so that these images do not distract users from real-world activities at the center of the visual field. It is particularly desirable to provide line-of-sight viewing, as this mimics the conventional display panels and dashboards used in the automotive and aerospace industries. In addition, it is desirable to position the projector and the electronic device where they provide minimal interference to a user's vision and provide minimal occlusion to a user's face.
US 2012/0127577描述一種可提供寬視場多色影像之光學裝置。此系統之一個問題係其無法容易地適應於在一方便頭戴式裝置設計中提供視平線下觀察。US 2012/0127577 describes an optical device capable of providing a wide field of view multicolor image. One problem with this system is that it cannot be easily adapted to provide line-of-sight viewing in a convenient head-mounted device design.
本發明之一目的係解決及克服一些此等問題。An object of the present invention is to solve and overcome some of these problems.
根據本發明之一態樣，提供一種擴增實境或虛擬實境顯示裝置，其包括：一投射器；一波導；一輸入繞射光學元件，其定位於該波導中或上，該輸入繞射光學元件經結構設計以自該投射器接收光且將該光耦合至該波導中；及一輸出繞射光學元件，其定位於該波導中或上，該輸出繞射光學元件經結構設計以使光耦合出該波導朝向一假想觀察位置；其中該投射器經結構設計以在與該輸入繞射光學元件之位置處之一波導法線向量成一角度之一方向提供光至該輸入繞射光學元件，且其中該輸出繞射光學元件經結構設計以使光在朝向該輸入繞射光學元件之該位置處之該波導法線向量成角度之一方向耦合出該波導。According to one aspect of the present invention, an augmented reality or virtual reality display device is provided, which includes: a projector; a waveguide; an input diffraction optical element positioned in or on the waveguide, and the input winding The diffractive optical element is structurally designed to receive light from the projector and couple the light into the waveguide; and an output diffractive optical element positioned in or on the waveguide, the output diffractive optical element is structurally designed to Coupling light out of the waveguide toward an imaginary viewing position; wherein the projector is structurally designed to provide light to the input diffraction optics in a direction at an angle to a waveguide normal vector at the position of the input diffraction optical element Element, and wherein the output diffractive optical element is structurally designed to couple light out of the waveguide in a direction at which the waveguide normal vector at the position toward the input diffractive optical element is at an angle.
以此方式，使光在朝向該輸入繞射光學元件之位置向後傾斜之一方向耦合出該波導。此可使能夠在一波導之一側處注入光，且使光在朝向輸入位置向後傾斜之一方向自該波導之另一側耦合出。在一種配置中，此可促進在一波導之一頂部處注入光且自該波導底部處之輸出繞射光學元件提供視平線下觀察。In this way, the light is coupled out of the waveguide in a direction that is tilted back toward the position of the input diffractive optical element. This makes it possible to inject light at one side of a waveguide and to couple the light out of the other side of the waveguide in a direction that is tilted backward toward the input position. In one configuration, this may facilitate the injection of light at the top of one of the waveguides and provide a line-of-sight observation from the output diffractive optical element at the bottom of the waveguide.
較佳地，該投射器在遠離該輸出繞射光學元件之位置成角度之一方向提供光。在一種結構設計中，該投射器可提供於該波導中相同於該假想觀察位置之側上。在一替代結構設計中，該投射器將可定位於該波導中相對於該假想觀察位置之側上。Preferably, the projector provides light in a direction at an angle away from the position of the output diffractive optical element. In a structural design, the projector may be provided on the same side of the waveguide as the imaginary viewing position. In an alternative structural design, the projector will be positionable on the side of the waveguide relative to the imaginary viewing position.
較佳地，來自該投射器之光與該波導法線向量之間的角度小於25度。較佳地，該角度大於約5度。Preferably, the angle between the light from the projector and the waveguide normal vector is less than 25 degrees. Preferably, the angle is greater than about 5 degrees.
在使用中，該投射器較佳地提供於該假想觀察位置上方之一位置中，且該輸出繞射光學元件提供於該假想觀察位置下方之一位置處。此可使用安裝於一使用者眼睛上方之一投射器為該使用者提供視平線下觀察。此可提供方便安裝一投射器於使用者眼睛上方之一框架上(可能在使用者眉頭附近或在一摩托車頭盔內)，同時仍提供視平線下觀察。對於尋求提供一使用者之視場邊緣處之資訊而不會使使用者分散視覺中心處發生之現實世界活動之注意力之諸多擴增實境應用而言，此可能係所欲的。在一項實例中，視平線下擴增實境影像可能能夠在一摩托車頭盔護目鏡中提供一「儀表板」。以此方式，影像可提供有益擴增實境資訊，而不會損害使用者對前方道路之視覺。In use, the projector is preferably provided at a position above the imaginary observation position, and the output diffraction optical element is provided at a position below the imaginary observation position. This can use a projector mounted above a user's eyes to provide the user with line-of-sight observation. This can provide a convenient way to install a projector on a frame above the user's eyes (possibly near the user's eyebrow or in a motorcycle helmet), while still providing eye level observation. This may be desirable for many augmented reality applications that seek to provide information at the edges of a user's field of view without distracting the user from the real-world activities that occur at the visual center. In one example, the augmented reality image below the eye level may be able to provide a "dashboard" in a motorcycle helmet goggles. In this way, images can provide useful augmented reality information without compromising the user's vision of the road ahead.
在一替代(目前不太佳)結構設計中，該投射器可提供於該假想觀察位置下方之一位置中，且該輸出繞射光學元件可提供於該假想觀察位置上方之一位置處。此將為一使用者提供視平線上觀察。In an alternative (currently not so good) structural design, the projector may be provided at a position below the imaginary observation position, and the output diffraction optical element may be provided at a position above the imaginary observation position. This will provide a user with line-of-sight observation.
該顯示裝置可包括具有各自輸入繞射光學元件及輸出繞射光學元件之複數個波導，該等輸入繞射光學元件及輸出繞射光學元在該等各自波導中具有不同性質。因此，可一起使用一波導堆疊來提供不同各自影像。較佳地，各波導中之色散不同，使得該波導堆疊提供一互補效應。The display device may include a plurality of waveguides having respective input diffractive optical elements and output diffractive optical elements, and the input diffractive optical elements and output diffractive optical elements have different properties in the respective waveguides. Therefore, a waveguide stack can be used together to provide different respective images. Preferably, the dispersion in each waveguide is different, so that the waveguide stack provides a complementary effect.
各自輸入繞射光學元件及輸出繞射光學元件可在各自波導中具有不同節距。較佳地，該等節距小於或至少實質上等於多色光之最短波長。在一項實例中，該等節距較佳地小於400 nm。The respective input diffractive optical elements and the output diffractive optical elements may have different pitches in the respective waveguides. Preferably, the pitches are less than or at least substantially equal to the shortest wavelength of the polychromatic light. In one example, the pitches are preferably less than 400 nm.
根據本發明之另一態樣，提供一種擴增實境或虛擬實境顯示裝置，其包括：一投射器，其經結構設計以投射複數個波長之光；一第一波導及一第二波導；一第一輸入繞射光學元件，其定位於該第一波導中或上，該第一輸入繞射光學元件經結構設計以自該投射器接收光且將該光耦合至該第一波導中；一第二輸入繞射光學元件，其定位於該第二波導中或上，該第二輸入繞射光學元件經結構設計以自該投射器接收光且將該光耦合至該第二波導中；一第一輸出繞射光學元件，其定位於該第一波導中或上，該第一輸出繞射光學元件經結構設計以使光耦合出該第一波導朝向一假想觀察位置；一第二輸出繞射光學元件，其定位於該第二波導中或上，該第二輸出繞射光學元件經結構設計以使光耦合出該第二波導朝向該假想觀察位置；其中該投射器經結構設計以在與該第一波導及該第二波導在該第一輸入繞射光學元件及該第二輸入繞射光學元件之各自位置處之一波導法線向量成一角度之一方向將光提供至該第一輸入繞射光學元件及該第二輸入繞射光學元件，且其中該第一輸出繞射光學元件及該第二輸出繞射光學元件經結構設計以分別使光在朝向該第一輸入繞射光學元件及該第二輸入繞射光學元件之該等位置處之該波導法線向量成角度之方向耦合出該第一波導及該第二波導，其中一選定波長之光自該第一輸出繞射光學元件之角輸出不同於該選定波長之光自該第二輸出繞射光學元件之角輸出。According to another aspect of the present invention, an augmented reality or virtual reality display device is provided, which includes: a projector that is structurally designed to project light of multiple wavelengths; a first waveguide and a second waveguide A first input diffractive optical element positioned in or on the first waveguide, the first input diffractive optical element is structurally designed to receive light from the projector and couple the light into the first waveguide ; A second input diffractive optical element positioned in or on the second waveguide, the second input diffractive optical element is structurally designed to receive light from the projector and couple the light into the second waveguide A first output diffractive optical element positioned in or on the first waveguide, the first output diffractive optical element is structurally designed to couple light out of the first waveguide toward an imaginary viewing position; a second An output diffractive optical element is positioned in or on the second waveguide, and the second output diffractive optical element is structurally designed to couple light out of the second waveguide toward the imaginary observation position; wherein the projector is structurally designed With A waveguide normal vector of the first waveguide and the second waveguide at respective positions of the first input diffractive optical element and the second input diffractive optical element at an angle and a direction provides light to the first input winding Diffractive optical element and the second input diffractive optical element, and wherein the first output diffractive optical element and the second output diffractive optical element are structurally designed so that light is directed toward the first input diffractive optical element and The waveguide of the waveguide normal vector at the positions of the second input diffractive optical element is coupled to the first waveguide and the second waveguide at an angle, and a light of a selected wavelength is emitted from the first output diffractive optical element The angular output is different from the angular output of the light of the selected wavelength from the second output diffractive optical element.
以此方式，來自各波導之輸出可提供一互補效應，使得一起輸出比可自單個波導提供之範圍寬之一範圍之角度。較佳地，針對選定波長，該第一輸出繞射光學元件在二維中或一極座標圖中提供一定範圍之角輸出。針對相同選定波長，該第二輸出繞射光學元件較佳地提供一部分重疊範圍之角輸出。以此方式，可自波導對提供比本身自該等波導之一者可能提供之範圍大之一範圍之角度。In this way, the outputs from each waveguide can provide a complementary effect such that the output together is an angle that is wider than a range that can be provided from a single waveguide. Preferably, for a selected wavelength, the first output diffractive optical element provides a certain range of angular output in a two-dimensional or a polar coordinate map. For the same selected wavelength, the second output diffractive optical element preferably provides an angular output with a part of the overlapping range. In this way, a range of angles can be provided from the waveguide pair that is larger than the range that may itself be provided from one of the waveguides.
該投射器較佳地經結構設計以提供紅光、綠光及藍光。此等顏色之至少兩者較佳地分別藉由該第一輸入繞射光學元件及該第二輸入繞射光學元件耦合至該第一波導及該第二波導之各者中。在一些配置中，紅光、綠光及藍光之波長分別耦合至該第一波導及該第二波導中。以此方式，各波導可在紅色、綠色及藍色波長中提供一不同範圍之角輸出，以便自一觀察者之角度提供一互補效應。此係藉由仔細選擇波導之角度傾斜及繞射光學元件之節距來達成。The projector is preferably structurally designed to provide red, green and blue light. At least two of these colors are preferably coupled to each of the first waveguide and the second waveguide through the first input diffractive optical element and the second input diffractive optical element, respectively. In some configurations, the wavelengths of red, green, and blue light are coupled into the first waveguide and the second waveguide, respectively. In this way, each waveguide can provide a different range of angular outputs in the red, green, and blue wavelengths to provide a complementary effect from the perspective of an observer. This is achieved by carefully selecting the angular tilt of the waveguide and the pitch of the diffractive optical elements.
根據本發明之另一態樣，提供一種操作一擴增實境或虛擬實境顯示裝置之方法，其包括以下步驟：自一投射器在與一輸入繞射光學元件之位置處之一波導法線向量成一角度之一方向提供光朝向該輸入繞射光學元件，該輸入繞射光學元件定位於一波導中或上；在該輸入繞射光學元件處將光耦合至該波導中；在該波導內自該輸入繞射光學元件全內反射光朝向一第輸出繞射光學元件；自該輸出繞射光學元件使光在朝向該輸入繞射光學元件之該位置處之該波導法線向量成角度之一方向耦合出該波導朝向一假想觀察位置。According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for operating an augmented reality or virtual reality display device is provided, which includes the following steps: a waveguide method from a projector at a position with an input diffractive optical element Line vectors provide light towards the input diffractive optical element in one direction at an angle, the input diffractive optical element is positioned in or on a waveguide; light is coupled into the waveguide at the input diffractive optical element; in the waveguide Totally internally reflected light from the input diffractive optical element is directed toward a first output diffractive optical element; the output diffractive optical element angles the waveguide normal vector of the light at the position toward the input diffractive optical element. The waveguide is coupled in one direction towards an imaginary viewing position.
根據本發明之另一態樣，提供一種操作一擴增實境或虛擬實境顯示裝置之方法，其包括以下步驟：自一投射器在與一第一輸入繞射光學元件之位置處之一波導法線向量成一角度之一方向提供複數個波長之光朝向該第一輸入繞射光學元件，該第一輸入繞射光學元件定位於一第一波導中或上；自該投射器在與一第二輸入繞射光學元件之位置處之一波導法線向量成一角度之一方向提供複數個波長之光朝向該第二輸入繞射光學元件，該第二輸入繞射光學元件定位於一第二波導中或上；在該第一輸入繞射光學元件處將光耦合至該第一波導中；在該第二輸入繞射光學元件處將光耦合至該第二波導中；在該第一波導內自該第一輸入繞射光學元件全內反射光朝向一第一輸出繞射光學元件；在該第二波導內自該第二輸入繞射光學元件全內反射光朝向一第二輸出繞射光學元件；自該第一輸出繞射光學元件使光在朝向該第一輸入繞射光學元件之該位置處之該波導法線向量成角度之一方向耦合出該第一波導朝向一假想觀察位置；自該第二輸出繞射光學元件使光在朝向該第二輸入繞射光學元件之該位置處之該波導法線向量成角度之一方向耦合出該第二波導朝向一假想觀察位置，其中一選定波長之光自該第一輸出繞射光學元件之角輸出不同於該選定波長之光自該第二輸出繞射光學元件之角輸出。According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for operating an augmented reality or virtual reality display device is provided, which includes the following steps: one of the projectors is at a position with a first input diffractive optical element; The waveguide normal vector provides a plurality of wavelengths of light towards the first input diffractive optical element at a direction of an angle. The first input diffractive optical element is positioned in or on a first waveguide; One of the waveguide normal vectors at the position of the second input diffractive optical element is angled and one direction provides a plurality of wavelengths of light toward the second input diffractive optical element, and the second input diffractive optical element is positioned at a second In or above the waveguide; coupling light into the first waveguide at the first input diffractive optical element; coupling light into the second waveguide at the second input diffractive optical element; in the first waveguide Totally internally reflected light from the first input diffractive optical element toward a first output diffractive optical element; total internally reflected light from the second input diffractive optical element toward a second output diffracted light in the second waveguide Element; from the first output diffractive optical element, light is coupled out of the waveguide normal vector at a position toward the first input diffractive optical element at an angle to the first waveguide toward an imaginary observation position; From the second output diffractive optical element, light is coupled to the waveguide normal vector at an angle toward the position of the second input diffractive optical element to couple the second waveguide toward an imaginary observation position, one of which The angular output of light of a selected wavelength from the first output diffractive optical element is different from the angular output of light of the selected wavelength from the second output diffractive optical element.
圖1係一擴增實境顯示器中之一光學設置之一示意側視圖。該顯示器包括一輸入投射器2及一波導4。波導4包括一輸入光柵6及一輸出結構8，輸出結構8可為如WO 2016/020643中所描述之一光子晶體或交叉光柵。輸出結構8提供於一觀察窗10內，觀察窗10表示當自一假想觀察位置觀察時一使用者之正常視場。在此實例中，輸出結構8提供於觀察窗10之下半部中。FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of one of the optical arrangements in an augmented reality display. The display includes an input projector 2 and a waveguide 4. The waveguide 4 includes an input grating 6 and an output structure 8. The output structure 8 may be a photonic crystal or a cross grating as described in WO 2016/020643. The output structure 8 is provided in an observation window 10, which indicates a normal field of view of a user when viewed from a hypothetical observation position. In this example, the output structure 8 is provided in the lower half of the viewing window 10.
事實上，波導4提供為一單獨波導堆疊。在一些實施例中，兩個或兩個以上波導可提供於該堆疊內。In fact, the waveguide 4 is provided as a separate waveguide stack. In some embodiments, two or more waveguides may be provided within the stack.
波導4在接近於投射器2及輸入光柵6之一位置處具備一表面法線向量n0 。投射器2經結構設計以引導光使得來自該投射器之光束對波導法線向量n0 成一角度a0 。角度a0 係在5度至25度之範圍內。當然，此效應可藉由水平地投射光且使波導4相對於垂直方向遠離投射器2傾斜達5度至25度之範圍內之一角度來達成。The waveguide 4 is provided with a surface normal vector n 0 at a position close to one of the projector 2 and the input grating 6. 2 structured projector designed to direct light such that the beam from the projector to the normal vector n 0 of the waveguide at an angle a 0. The angle a 0 is in the range of 5 to 25 degrees. Of course, this effect can be achieved by projecting the light horizontally and tilting the waveguide 4 away from the projector 2 relative to the vertical direction by an angle within a range of 5 to 25 degrees.
輸入光柵6接收且繞射來自投射器2之光。繞射光藉由全內反射在波導4內朝向輸出結構8行進。由輸出結構8使光耦合出波導4以便提供擴增實境或虛擬實境影像。The input grating 6 receives and diffracts light from the projector 2. The diffracted light travels in the waveguide 4 toward the output structure 8 by total internal reflection. The light is coupled out of the waveguide 4 by the output structure 8 to provide an augmented reality or virtual reality image.
在此結構設計中，觀察位置係在波導4之相同於投射器2之側上。然而，此等觀察位置同樣將可提供於波導4之相對側上。In this structural design, the observation position is on the same side of the waveguide 4 as the projector 2. However, these viewing positions will also be available on opposite sides of the waveguide 4.
輸出結構8使光成一光束耦合出波導4，該光束對輸出結構8之位置處之一波導法線向量n1 成一角度a1 。在朝向投射器2之位置且朝向輸入光柵6之位置處之法線向量n0 成角度之一方向提供經耦合出之光。輸出結構8提供於波導4上之一位置處，該位置自一觀察者之角度觀點係在視平線下。經耦合出之光向上成角度使得自觀察者之角度觀點，經耦合出之光似乎自視平線下發出。The output structure 8 couples the light out of the waveguide 4 into a light beam which forms an angle a 1 with respect to a waveguide normal vector n 1 at the position of the output structure 8. The coupled light is provided in a direction at an angle to the normal vector n 0 towards the position of the projector 2 and towards the input grating 6. The output structure 8 is provided at a position on the waveguide 4, which position is below the horizon from the perspective of an observer. The coupled light is angled upward so that from the perspective of the observer, the coupled light seems to be emitted from the horizon.
有利地，此可用來提供擴增實境影像。圖5係可以此方式產生之此一擴增實境影像之一實例，其中諸如速度、速度極限及方向之資訊可疊加於由一使用者感知之現實世界上。疊加式擴增實境影像呈現於使用者視場之下半部中，使得其不會分散使用者視覺中心處之物件之注意力。Advantageously, this can be used to provide augmented reality images. Figure 5 is an example of such an augmented reality image that can be generated in this way, where information such as speed, speed limit, and direction can be superimposed on the real world perceived by a user. The superimposed augmented reality image is presented in the lower half of the user's field of view, so that it does not distract the objects at the user's visual center.
可藉由使用一波導堆疊4來提供一全色顯示器。在一項實例中，兩個波導4可提供於該堆疊中，兩個波導4係由BK7玻璃製成。該對中之各波導4在結構上類似，但各自輸入光柵6及輸出結構8之性質不同。在第一波導中，輸入光柵6及輸出結構8具備一約340 nm節距。在第二波導中，輸入光柵6及輸出結構8具備一約420 nm節距。一光柵之節距對應於繞射特徵之間距。此對應於一閃耀光柵中之凹槽之間距或在一光子晶體之情況下折射率結構之間距。在第一波導及第二波導4中，繞射結構之節距小於自投射器2接收之多色光之最短波長。A full-color display can be provided by using a waveguide stack 4. In one example, two waveguides 4 may be provided in the stack, the two waveguides 4 being made of BK7 glass. The waveguides 4 in the pair are similar in structure, but the properties of the input grating 6 and the output structure 8 are different. In the first waveguide, the input grating 6 and the output structure 8 have a pitch of about 340 nm. In the second waveguide, the input grating 6 and the output structure 8 have a pitch of about 420 nm. The pitch of a grating corresponds to the distance between diffraction features. This corresponds to the distance between grooves in a blazed grating or the distance between refractive index structures in the case of a photonic crystal. In the first waveguide and the second waveguide 4, the pitch of the diffractive structure is smaller than the shortest wavelength of the polychromatic light received from the projector 2.
該堆疊中之各波導4接收多色光，該多色光在輸入光柵6處繞射且在輸出元件8處耦合出波導4。在此程序期間發生色散，且不同波長之輸出存在角度差異。圖3A包含展示來自紅色、綠色及藍色之第一波導之輸出元件8之角輸出之標繪圖。圖3B展示來自不同顏色之第二波導之輸出元件8之角輸出。Each waveguide 4 in the stack receives polychromatic light, which is diffracted at the input grating 6 and is coupled out of the waveguide 4 at the output element 8. Dispersion occurs during this procedure, and there are angular differences in output at different wavelengths. FIG. 3A contains a plot showing the angular output of the output element 8 from the first waveguide of red, green and blue. Figure 3B shows the angular output of the output element 8 from a second waveguide of a different color.
自圖3A至圖3C可清楚地看出，隨著光之波長增大，來自輸出元件8之角輸出下移且至輸出元件8之側。針對藍光，光學輸出居中地在輸出元件8內且係鬆餅形的，其中具有朝向基底向內成角度之側。針對綠光，光學輸出在形狀上類似，但下移且具有一更寬視場。針對紅光，一光學輸出僅存在於輸出元件8之最下角中。It can be clearly seen from FIGS. 3A to 3C that as the wavelength of light increases, the angular output from the output element 8 moves down and to the side of the output element 8. For blue light, the optical output is centered within the output element 8 and is muffin-shaped, with sides that are angled inward toward the base. For green light, the optical output is similar in shape, but shifted down and has a wider field of view. For red light, an optical output exists only in the lowermost corner of the output element 8.
圖4A至圖4C展示來自第二波導之光學輸出，其中輸出結構具備一約420 nm節距。在此配置中，藍光居中地提供於使用者之視場內。自一觀察者之角度觀點，無法區分來自第一波導之藍光與來自第二波導之藍光，且因此此等藍光組合以提供輸出元件8之下半部之一良好覆蓋。綠光自第二波導中之輸出元件8居中地提供於使用者之視場內，且具有一鬆餅形狀。來自第一波導及第二波導之綠光自一觀察者之角度組合以提供良好覆蓋，直至輸出元件8之下角。以此方式，來自第一波導之綠光可提供於未自第二波導提供綠光所在之區域中，且反之亦然。紅光自第二波導中之輸出元件8提供於使用者視場內之一低位置處。來自第一波導及第二波導之紅光自一觀察者之角度組合以提供良好覆蓋，直至輸出元件8之下角。4A to 4C show the optical output from the second waveguide, wherein the output structure has a pitch of about 420 nm. In this configuration, Blu-ray is provided centrally within the user's field of view. From the perspective of an observer, it is not possible to distinguish the blue light from the first waveguide and the blue light from the second waveguide, and therefore these blue lights are combined to provide good coverage of one of the lower half of the output element 8. The green light is provided centrally in the field of view of the user from the output element 8 in the second waveguide, and has a muffin shape. The green light from the first waveguide and the second waveguide are combined from an observer's angle to provide good coverage up to the lower corner of the output element 8. In this way, green light from the first waveguide can be provided in an area where green light is not provided from the second waveguide, and vice versa. Red light is provided from the output element 8 in the second waveguide at a low position in the field of view of the user. The red light from the first waveguide and the second waveguide are combined from the angle of an observer to provide good coverage up to the lower corner of the output element 8.
圖6係本發明之一實施例中之一波導堆疊之一分解示意視圖。一投射器112使用第一、第二及第三原色(係紅色、綠色及藍色)提供一全色影像。在包含一第一波導110及一第二波導112之光學結構處接收來自投射器112之光。第一波導110有時稱為「藍色波導」110，因為其主要用於攜載藍光。第二波導112有時稱為「紅色波導」112，因為其主要用於攜載紅光。FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic view of a waveguide stack according to an embodiment of the present invention. A projector 112 provides a full-color image using the first, second and third primary colors (red, green and blue). The light from the projector 112 is received at an optical structure including a first waveguide 110 and a second waveguide 112. The first waveguide 110 is sometimes referred to as a "blue waveguide" 110 because it is mainly used to carry blue light. The second waveguide 112 is sometimes referred to as a "red waveguide" 112 because it is primarily used to carry red light.
第一波導110及第二波導120各包括兩個主要、平坦、平行面且由一透明介質製成，諸如具有一約1.7折射率n之玻璃。來自投射器112之光透射穿過第一波導110之一前表面且入射於一後表面上之一第一輸入繞射光柵102上。在一些實施例中，第一輸入繞射光柵102係具有一約340 nm週期之一閃耀反射光柵。The first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 each include two main, flat, parallel planes and are made of a transparent medium, such as glass having a refractive index n of about 1.7. The light from the projector 112 is transmitted through a front surface of the first waveguide 110 and incident on a first input diffraction grating 102 on a rear surface. In some embodiments, the first input diffraction grating 102 has a blazed reflection grating with a period of about 340 nm.
一第二輸入繞射光柵106提供於第二波導120之一後表面上。在此實施例中，第二輸入繞射光柵106係具有一約420 nm週期之一閃耀反射光柵。在不同實施例中，設想不同類型之光柵可用於第一輸入繞射光柵102及第二輸入繞射光柵106，諸如具有一正弦輪廓之二元光柵或若干二元光柵。A second input diffraction grating 106 is provided on a rear surface of a second waveguide 120. In this embodiment, the second input diffraction grating 106 has a blazed reflection grating with a period of about 420 nm. In different embodiments, it is envisaged that different types of gratings may be used for the first input diffraction grating 102 and the second input diffraction grating 106, such as a binary grating with a sinusoidal profile or several binary gratings.
第一輸入繞射光柵102經結構設計以繞射來自投射器102之入射光。特定而言，第一輸入繞射光柵2由於其週期而繞射大部分藍色波長，一些綠色波長及小部分紅色波長。繞射光藉由全內反射在第一波導110內行進朝向一擴展光柵104或輸出元件。擴展光柵104繞射第一波導110內全內反射之光，使得光耦合出第一波導110且朝向一觀察者。擴展光柵104亦提供光之一維或二維擴展，使得其可為一觀察者提供一大可視範圍(eye box)。在第一輸入繞射光柵102之位置處，自擴展光柵104輸出之光朝向第一波導法線向量n0成角度。自一觀察者之角度觀點，此提供視平線下影像以產生類似於圖5中所展示者的一效應。The first input diffraction grating 102 is structured to diffract incident light from the projector 102. Specifically, the first input diffraction grating 2 diffracts most of blue wavelengths, some green wavelengths, and a small part of red wavelengths due to its period. The diffracted light travels in the first waveguide 110 toward a spreading grating 104 or an output element by total internal reflection. The extended grating 104 diffracts light that is totally internally reflected in the first waveguide 110, so that the light is coupled out of the first waveguide 110 and faces an observer. The expansion grating 104 also provides one-dimensional or two-dimensional expansion of light, so that it can provide a viewer with a large eye box. At the position of the first input diffraction grating 102, the light output from the extended grating 104 is angled toward the first waveguide normal vector n0. From the perspective of an observer, this provides eye-level images to produce an effect similar to that shown in FIG. 5.
未被第一輸入繞射光柵102繞射之光經透射且繼續在相同於其自投射器112輸出之方向傳播。來自第一輸入繞射光柵102之經透射光包含大部分紅色波長、約一半綠色波長及小部分藍色波長。The light that is not diffracted by the first input diffraction grating 102 is transmitted and continues to propagate in the same direction as the output from the projector 112. The transmitted light from the first input diffraction grating 102 includes most of the red wavelengths, about half of the green wavelengths, and a small portion of the blue wavelengths.
選用地，一濾光器114定位於第一波導110與第二波導120之間。在此實例實施例中，濾光器114係由塑料製成之一藍色截止濾光器，其實質上經設計以阻擋藍色波長之光且允許紅色及綠色波長朝向第二波導120傳播。在此實施例中，膠點116提供於濾光器114之邊緣與第二波導120之邊緣之間。此有時稱為膠墊。膠點116具有一約50 μm寬度。以此方式，藉由一近似50 μm氣隙而使濾光器114與第二波導120之前表面分開。濾光器114具有一約0.5 mm厚度。Optionally, a filter 114 is positioned between the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120. In this example embodiment, the filter 114 is a blue cut-off filter made of plastic, which is substantially designed to block light of blue wavelengths and allow red and green wavelengths to propagate toward the second waveguide 120. In this embodiment, the glue dot 116 is provided between the edge of the filter 114 and the edge of the second waveguide 120. This is sometimes called a rubber pad. The glue dot 116 has a width of about 50 μm. In this way, the filter 114 is separated from the front surface of the second waveguide 120 by an approximately 50 μm air gap. The filter 114 has a thickness of about 0.5 mm.
光直接透射穿過濾光器114。因此，濾光器114與第一波導110及第二波導120之精確對準並非嚴格必需的。即使在濾光器114與第一波導110及第二波導120之間存在輕微欠對準，光仍將以相同於其自投射器112接收之方向透射出濾光器114。此放寬了製造容限且意謂著可更容易地產生光學配置。Light is transmitted directly through the filter 114. Therefore, precise alignment of the filter 114 with the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 is not strictly necessary. Even if there is a slight under-alignment between the filter 114 and the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120, the light will still pass out of the filter 114 in the same direction as it receives from the projector 112. This relaxes manufacturing tolerances and means that optical configurations can be produced more easily.
濾光器114相鄰於第二輸入光柵106而定位於第二波導120之一端處。一墊片118相鄰於第二擴展光柵108而提供於第二波導120之另一端處。墊片118具有一約0.5 mm之厚度，該厚度相同於與濾光器114之厚度。墊片118藉由分別具有一約50 μm厚度之若干膠點122固定至第二波導120。以此方式，墊片118可將第一波導110及第二波導120隔開達相同於濾光器114之量。此可確保第一波導110及第二波導120之間隔沿其各自長度均勻。膠111提供於第一波導110之邊緣與濾光器114及墊片118之邊緣之間，使得第一波導110及第二波導120可連接在一起。The filter 114 is positioned adjacent to the second input grating 106 at one end of the second waveguide 120. A shim 118 is provided adjacent to the second extended grating 108 at the other end of the second waveguide 120. The spacer 118 has a thickness of about 0.5 mm, which is the same as the thickness of the filter 114. The spacer 118 is fixed to the second waveguide 120 by a plurality of glue points 122 each having a thickness of about 50 μm. In this manner, the spacer 118 may separate the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 by the same amount as the filter 114. This can ensure that the interval between the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 is uniform along their respective lengths. The glue 111 is provided between the edge of the first waveguide 110 and the edge of the filter 114 and the gasket 118 so that the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 can be connected together.
在另一實施例中，濾光器114及墊片118可黏附至第一波導110之後表面，而非第二波導120之前表面。在一進一步替代方案中，濾光器114可提供為第二波導120之前表面上之一介電膜。在此實施例中，該膜可直接提供於第二波導120之表面上，使得不存在氣隙。在濾光器提供為一介電膜之情況下，可省略墊片118。In another embodiment, the filter 114 and the spacer 118 may be adhered to the rear surface of the first waveguide 110 instead of the front surface of the second waveguide 120. In a further alternative, the filter 114 may be provided as a dielectric film on the front surface of the second waveguide 120. In this embodiment, the film may be directly provided on the surface of the second waveguide 120 so that there is no air gap. In the case where the filter is provided as a dielectric film, the spacer 118 may be omitted.
穿過濾光器114之光透射穿過第二波導120之一前表面，且接著入射於後表面上之第二輸入繞射光柵106上。第二輸入繞射光柵106繞射經濾光之光且將其耦合至第二波導120中以在第二波導120內全內反射。繞射光接著在全內反射下在第二波導120內朝向一擴展光柵108行進，擴展光柵108再次繞射光且使光耦合出第二波導120朝向一觀察者。The light passing through the filter 114 is transmitted through a front surface of the second waveguide 120 and then incident on the second input diffraction grating 106 on the rear surface. The second input diffraction grating 106 diffracts the filtered light and couples it into the second waveguide 120 for total internal reflection within the second waveguide 120. The diffracted light then travels toward a spreading grating 108 in the second waveguide 120 under total internal reflection. The spreading grating 108 diffracts the light again and couples the light out of the second waveguide 120 toward an observer.
分別由第一波導110及第二波導120中之第一擴展光柵104及第二擴展光柵108輸出之光經組合使得可形成一全色擴增實境影像且由一觀察者體驗。The light output from the first extended grating 104 and the second extended grating 108 in the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120, respectively, is combined to form a full-color augmented reality image and experience by an observer.
相鄰於第二波導120而提供一著色蓋130。膠132提供於著色蓋130與第二波導120之各自邊緣之間。著色蓋130為第二波導120提供保護，否則第二輸入繞射光柵106及第二擴展光柵108將暴露且易於損壞。藉由提供一色調，可降低來自外界之光之亮度且增大擴增實境光之對比度。此可藉由減少需要供應至投射器112之功率量以達成一所所欲對比度位準來提高效率。在其他實施例中，可提供僅提供保護且不具有任何色調之一蓋130。A colored cover 130 is provided adjacent to the second waveguide 120. The glue 132 is provided between the respective edges of the colored cover 130 and the second waveguide 120. The colored cover 130 provides protection for the second waveguide 120, otherwise the second input diffraction grating 106 and the second extended grating 108 will be exposed and easily damaged. By providing a hue, the brightness of the light from the outside can be reduced and the contrast of the augmented reality light can be increased. This can increase efficiency by reducing the amount of power that needs to be supplied to the projector 112 to achieve a desired contrast level. In other embodiments, a cover 130 may be provided that only provides protection and does not have any hue.
第一波導110及第二波導120具有各自約1 mm厚度。著色蓋30亦具有一約1 mm厚度。在此實例實施例中，墊片118及濾光器114具有各自約0.5 mm厚度，且存在三個膠層，各膠層具有一約50 μm厚度。因此，該堆疊之總厚度可為約3.65 mm。The first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120 each have a thickness of about 1 mm. The colored cover 30 also has a thickness of about 1 mm. In this example embodiment, the spacer 118 and the filter 114 each have a thickness of about 0.5 mm, and there are three adhesive layers, each of which has a thickness of about 50 μm. Therefore, the total thickness of the stack can be about 3.65 mm.
自第一擴展光柵104及第二擴展光柵108輸出之光在不同波長下具有不同角度性質，如圖3A至圖3C及圖4A至圖4C中針對不包含濾光114之一實施例所展示，其中紅光、綠光及藍光耦合至第一波導110及第二波導120中。特定而言，來自各波導之角輸出可提供一互補效應使得在任何給定波長下，輸出比由任一波導提供之範圍寬之一範圍之角度。針對一些波長，來自一個波導之角輸出範圍與來自另一波導之角輸出範圍部分重疊。The light output from the first extended grating 104 and the second extended grating 108 has different angular properties at different wavelengths, as shown in FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C and FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C for an embodiment that does not include the filter 114. The red light, the green light and the blue light are coupled into the first waveguide 110 and the second waveguide 120. In particular, the angular output from each waveguide can provide a complementary effect such that at any given wavelength, the output is a range of angles wider than the range provided by any waveguide. For some wavelengths, the angular output range from one waveguide partially overlaps the angular output range from another waveguide.
2‧‧‧輸入投射器 2‧‧‧ Input Projector
4‧‧‧波導/波導堆疊 4‧‧‧waveguide / waveguide stack
6‧‧‧輸入光柵 6‧‧‧Input raster
8‧‧‧輸出結構/輸出元件 8‧‧‧output structure / output element
10‧‧‧觀察窗 10‧‧‧observation window
102‧‧‧第一輸入繞射光柵 102‧‧‧First Input Diffraction Grating
104‧‧‧第一輸出繞射光學元件/第一擴展光柵 104‧‧‧First Output Diffraction Optical Element / First Extended Grating
106‧‧‧第二輸入繞射光柵 106‧‧‧second input diffraction grating
108‧‧‧第二輸出繞射光學元件/第二擴展光柵 108‧‧‧Second output diffraction optics / second extended grating
110‧‧‧第一波導 110‧‧‧First waveguide
111‧‧‧膠 111‧‧‧glue
112‧‧‧彩色投射器 112‧‧‧ Color Projector
114‧‧‧濾光器 114‧‧‧ Filter
116‧‧‧膠點 116‧‧‧ glue point
118‧‧‧墊片 118‧‧‧ Gasket
120‧‧‧第二波導 120‧‧‧Second Waveguide
122‧‧‧膠點 122‧‧‧ glue point
130‧‧‧著色蓋 130‧‧‧colored cover
132‧‧‧膠 132‧‧‧glue
a0‧‧‧角度a 0 ‧‧‧ angle
a1‧‧‧角度a 1 ‧‧‧ angle
n0‧‧‧表面法線向量/第一波導法線向量n 0 ‧‧‧ surface normal vector / first waveguide normal vector
n1‧‧‧波導法線向量n 1 ‧‧‧waveguide normal vector
現藉由實例、參考圖式描述本發明之實施例，其中：An embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of examples and with reference to the drawings, in which:
圖1係本發明之一實施例中之一擴增實境顯示器中之一光學設置之一示意側視圖；1 is a schematic side view of one of the optical settings of an augmented reality display in one embodiment of the present invention;
圖2係本發明之一實施例中之一擴增實境顯示器中之一光學設置之一示意平面視圖；2 is a schematic plan view of an optical setting in an augmented reality display according to an embodiment of the present invention;
圖3A至圖3C提供展示來自紅色、綠色及藍色之一第一波導中之一輸出元件之角輸出之三個標繪圖；3A to 3C provide three plots showing the angular output from an output element in one of the first waveguides of red, green, and blue;
圖4A至圖4C提供展示來自紅色、綠色及藍色之一第二波導中之一輸出元件之角輸出之三個標繪圖；4A to 4C provide three plots showing the angular output from an output element of one of the second waveguides of red, green and blue;
圖5係由本發明之一實施例中之一顯示器產生之一擴增實境影像之一實例；及5 is an example of an augmented reality image generated by a display according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
圖6係本發明之一實施例中之一波導堆疊之一分解示意側視圖。FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic side view of a waveguide stack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (8)
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| ??1720605.3 | 2017-12-11 | ||
| GBGB1720605.3A GB201720605D0 (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2017-12-11 | Display for augmented reality or virtual reality |
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| TW201928449A true TW201928449A (en) | 2019-07-16 |
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| TW107144439A TW201928449A (en) | 2017-12-11 | 2018-12-11 | Display for augmented reality or virtual reality |
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| CN (1) | CN209728327U (en) |
| GB (1) | GB201720605D0 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW201928449A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019115998A1 (en) |
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| CN113050276A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2021-06-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Diffraction image superimposer, display device module and head-mounted display device |
| CN113933990A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-14 | 宁波舜宇光电信息有限公司 | Near-eye display device, optical structure suitable for near-eye display device and assembling method thereof |
| WO2022095594A1 (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-05-12 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Image display device and wearable apparatus |
| WO2022167125A1 (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2022-08-11 | Wave Optics Ltd. | Device and method for compensating effects of pantoscopic tilt or wrap/sweep tilt on an image presented on an augmented reality or virtual reality display |
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| US9946068B2 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2018-04-17 | Bae Systems Plc | Optical waveguide and display device |
| JP6197295B2 (en) * | 2013-01-22 | 2017-09-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Optical device and image display apparatus |
| CN105974583B (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2019-06-18 | 现代摩比斯株式会社 | Head up display and its control method for vehicle |
| CN118169876A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2024-06-11 | 伊奎蒂公司 | Head mounted display with pivoting imaging light guide |
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| CN209728327U (en) | 2019-12-03 |
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