TW201923400A - Augmented reality display - Google Patents
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- TW201923400A TW201923400A TW107134472A TW107134472A TW201923400A TW 201923400 A TW201923400 A TW 201923400A TW 107134472 A TW107134472 A TW 107134472A TW 107134472 A TW107134472 A TW 107134472A TW 201923400 A TW201923400 A TW 201923400A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/006—Systems in which light light is reflected on a plurality of parallel surfaces, e.g. louvre mirrors, total internal reflection [TIR] lenses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0081—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0176—Head mounted characterised by mechanical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
- G02B27/285—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining comprising arrays of elements, e.g. microprisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0112—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display
- G02B2027/0116—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising device for genereting colour display comprising devices for correcting chromatic aberration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0149—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features
- G02B2027/015—Head-up displays characterised by mechanical features involving arrangement aiming to get less bulky devices
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
本發明涉及顯示器，並且特別地涉及採用與傾斜地設置在光學元件內的部分反射表面結合的自由空間圖像投影的增強現實顯示器。 The present invention relates to a display, and in particular to an augmented reality display employing a free space image projection combined with a partially reflective surface disposed obliquely within an optical element.
增強現實顯示器是向觀察者同時提供視覺顯示和真實世界的視野的顯示器。增強現實顯示器的示例包括：平視顯示器，該顯示器經由固定視窗來提供；以及近眼式顯示器，該顯示器通常以眼鏡框形狀因數或頭戴式護目鏡相對於觀察者的頭部被安裝。特別是在近眼式顯示器的情況下，顯示器需要是緊湊的。真實世界的可見性應當不受干擾、不失真並且不被模糊。 An augmented reality display is a display that provides a viewer with both a visual display and a view of the real world. Examples of augmented reality displays include head-up displays, which are provided via fixed windows, and near-eye displays, which are typically mounted relative to the viewer's head with a spectacle frame form factor or headgear. Especially in the case of a near-eye display, the display needs to be compact. Real-world visibility should be undisturbed, undistorted, and undisturbed.
許多近眼式顯示系統利用分束器結構，在該分束器結構中，在眼睛前方以傾斜角來設置部分反射器，以在實現世界的可見性的同時將虛擬影像投射到眼睛上。在第1圖中示意性地表示了這種類型的佈置。分束器的傾斜角的幾何要求通常使結構龐大。 Many near-eye display systems utilize a beam splitter structure in which a partial reflector is set at an oblique angle in front of the eye to project a virtual image onto the eye while achieving world visibility. This type of arrangement is shown schematically in FIG. 1. The geometric requirements of the tilt angle of the beam splitter often make the structure bulky.
增強現實顯示器的可替選的方法採用光導光學元件，在該光導光學元件中，圖像通過全內反射被捕獲在基板內並且從基板的預定區域朝向觀察者的眼睛耦合出基板。該方法需要耦合入佈置以將圖像引入光導中，使得圖像通過全內反射被捕獲。光導基板需要光導基板的光學表面的高精度平行度，以通過多次內反射來保持圖像品質。 An alternative method for an augmented reality display uses a light-guiding optical element in which an image is captured within the substrate by total internal reflection and is coupled out of the substrate from a predetermined area of the substrate toward the viewer's eyes. This method requires a coupling into the arrangement to introduce the image into the light guide so that the image is captured by total internal reflection. The light guide substrate requires high-precision parallelism of the optical surface of the light guide substrate to maintain image quality through multiple internal reflections.
本發明是用於向觀察者的眼睛提供圖像的顯示器。 The present invention is a display for providing an image to the eyes of an observer.
根據本發明的實施方式的教導，提供了一種用於沿觀察方向向觀察者的眼睛提供圖像的顯示器，該顯示器包括：(a)圖像投影儀，其沿投影方向投射准直圖像照明；以及(b)光學元件，其由具有第 一主表面和第二主表面的至少部分透明的材料形成，該光學元件包括多個部分反射表面，所述多個部分反射表面位於光學元件內部、是平面的、相互平行並且相對於投影方向至少部分地交疊，圖像投影儀被相對於光學元件設置使得投影方向入射在主表面中的一個主表面上，並且被定向成使得准直圖像照明的每條光線進入光學元件並且被部分反射表面中的至少兩個部分反射表面部分地反射，以便被重定向成沿觀察方向離開第一主表面。 According to the teachings of embodiments of the present invention, a display for providing an image to an observer's eyes in an observation direction is provided, the display comprising: (a) an image projector that projects a collimated image illumination in the projection direction ; And (b) an optical element formed of an at least partially transparent material having a first major surface and a second major surface, the optical element including a plurality of partially reflective surfaces located inside the optical element, Are planar, parallel to each other and at least partially overlap with respect to the projection direction, the image projector is arranged relative to the optical element such that the projection direction is incident on one of the main surfaces and is oriented such that the image is collimated Each ray of illumination enters the optical element and is partially reflected by at least two of the partially reflecting surfaces so as to be redirected away from the first major surface in the viewing direction.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，投影方向以超過50度的角度入射在主表面中的所述一個主表面上。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the invention, the projection direction is incident on the one main surface of the main surfaces at an angle exceeding 50 degrees.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，圖像投影儀包括色差補償元件，該色差補償元件在圖像照明到達主表面中的所述一個主表面之前修改圖像照明。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the present invention, the image projector includes a chromatic aberration compensation element that modifies the image illumination before the image illumination reaches the one of the main surfaces.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，投影儀包括用於投射圖像的、具有加長有效孔徑的光學孔徑擴展佈置，該加長有效孔徑的主要維度與光學元件內的部分反射表面的延伸方向平行。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the invention, the projector includes an optical aperture extension arrangement with an extended effective aperture for projecting an image, the main dimension of the extended effective aperture being parallel to the direction of extension of the partially reflective surface within the optical element .
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，光學孔徑擴展佈置包括光導光學元件，該光導光學元件包含多個部分反射內表面。 According to a further feature of an embodiment of the invention, the optical aperture extension arrangement includes a light-guiding optical element comprising a plurality of partially reflective inner surfaces.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，投影儀包括具有輸出方向的圖像生成器，並且其中，光學孔徑擴展佈置包括由透明材料形成並且包括多個部分反射表面的光學擴展元件，所述多個部分反射表面位於光學擴展元件內部、是平面的、相互平行並且相對於圖像生成器的輸出方向至少部分地交疊，圖像生成器被相對於光學擴展元件設置使得輸出方向入射在光學擴展元件上，並且圖像生成器被定向成使得准直圖像照明的每條光線進入光學擴展元件並且被部分反射表面中的至少兩個部分反射表面部分地反射，以便被重定向成沿投影方向離開光學擴展元件。 According to a further feature of an embodiment of the present invention, the projector includes an image generator having an output direction, and wherein the optical aperture expansion arrangement includes an optical expansion element formed of a transparent material and including a plurality of partially reflecting surfaces, the plurality The partially reflecting surfaces are located inside the optical expansion element, are planar, are parallel to each other, and at least partially overlap with the output direction of the image generator. The image generator is arranged relative to the optical expansion element so that the output direction is incident on the optical expansion element. And the image generator is oriented such that each ray of the collimated image illumination enters the optical expansion element and is partially reflected by at least two of the partially reflecting surfaces so as to be redirected along the projection direction Leave the optical expansion element.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，光學元件是平面板。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the invention, the optical element is a flat plate.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，光學元件是非平 面板。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the invention, the optical element is a non-flat panel.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，圖像投影儀包括失真補償元件，該失真補償元件在圖像照明到達主表面中的所述一個主表面之前修改圖像照明。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the present invention, the image projector includes a distortion compensation element that modifies the image illumination before the image illumination reaches the one of the main surfaces.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，光學元件是具有折射光學功率的透鏡。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the invention, the optical element is a lens having refractive optical power.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，投影方向入射的主表面中的所述一個主表面是圖像照明沿觀察方向離開的第一主表面。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the present invention, the one main surface among the main surfaces incident in the projection direction is a first main surface where the image illumination leaves in the observation direction.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，投影方向入射的主表面中的所述一個主表面是第二主表面。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the present invention, the one main surface among the main surfaces incident in the projection direction is a second main surface.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，部分反射表面被實現為偏振選擇性層。 According to a further feature of the embodiment of the invention, the partially reflective surface is implemented as a polarization selective layer.
根據本發明的實施方式的教導，還提供了一種用於沿觀察方向向觀察者的眼睛提供圖像的顯示器，該顯示器包括：(a)圖像投影儀，其沿投影方向投射准直圖像照明；以及(b)光學元件，其由具有第一主表面和第二主表面的至少部分透明的材料形成，該光學元件包括多個部分反射表面，所述多個部分反射表面位於光學元件內部、是平面的並且相互平行，圖像投影儀被相對於光學元件設置使得投影方向入射在主表面中的一個主表面上，並且被定向成使得：准直圖像照明的每條光線進入光學元件並且在第一反射中被部分反射表面中的至少一個部分反射表面部分地反射，以便在主表面中的至少一個主表面處經歷全內反射，並且通過來自部分反射表面中的另一個部分反射表面的至少一個另外的反射被重定向成沿觀察方向離開第一主表面。 According to the teachings of embodiments of the present invention, there is also provided a display for providing an image to an observer's eyes in an observation direction, the display including: (a) an image projector that projects a collimated image in the projection direction Illumination; and (b) an optical element formed of an at least partially transparent material having a first major surface and a second major surface, the optical element including a plurality of partially reflective surfaces located within the optical element Is flat and parallel to each other, the image projector is arranged relative to the optical element such that the projection direction is incident on one of the main surfaces and is oriented such that each light of the collimated image illumination enters the optical element And is partially reflected in at least one of the partially reflecting surfaces in the first reflection so as to undergo total internal reflection at at least one of the major surfaces and pass through the other partially reflecting surface from the partially reflecting surface At least one additional reflection is redirected away from the first major surface in the viewing direction.
根據本發明的實施方式的另外的特徵，部分反射表面中的至少一個部分反射表面有助於針對圖像照明的第一光線的第一反射和針對圖像照明的第二光線的另外的反射兩者。 According to a further feature of an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the partially reflective surfaces contributes to a first reflection of a first ray for image illumination and a further reflection of a second ray for image illumination. By.
VD,VD'‧‧‧觀察方向 VD, VD ' ‧‧‧view direction
PD‧‧‧投影方向 PD‧‧‧ Projection direction
OD‧‧‧輸出方向 OD‧‧‧ output direction
PD'‧‧‧折射的投影方向 PD ' ‧‧‧ Projection direction of refraction
20,60,92,97‧‧‧圖像投影儀 20,60,92,97‧‧‧Image projector
22,62,110‧‧‧反射板 22,62,110‧‧‧Reflector
24,41,45,52,64,74,90A‧‧‧刻面 24,41,45,52,64,74,90A‧‧‧ facet
26‧‧‧色差補償元件 26‧‧‧Color difference compensation element
30‧‧‧圖像生成器 30‧‧‧Image Generator
32‧‧‧光學擴展元件 32‧‧‧optical expansion element
34‧‧‧部分反射表面 34‧‧‧ partially reflective surface
40‧‧‧平面豎直孔徑倍增板 40‧‧‧Plane Vertical Aperture Multiplier
42‧‧‧眼睛轉動中心 42‧‧‧eye rotation center
44,72,102A‧‧‧光導 44,72,102A‧‧‧Light guide
46‧‧‧縱向孔徑擴展 46‧‧‧longitudinal aperture expansion
48‧‧‧准直光學器件 48‧‧‧ Collimation Optics
50‧‧‧板 50‧‧‧board
54‧‧‧補償元件 54‧‧‧Compensation element
60‧‧‧投影儀 60‧‧‧ projector
70‧‧‧光線 70‧‧‧ light
73‧‧‧點 73‧‧‧ points
76‧‧‧第二反射處 76‧‧‧Second Reflection
78‧‧‧線 78‧‧‧line
80‧‧‧部分 80‧‧‧part
81‧‧‧反射器塗層 81‧‧‧Reflector coating
82,84‧‧‧互補部分 82,84‧‧‧complementary
86‧‧‧模具 86‧‧‧Mould
88‧‧‧偏振器 88‧‧‧ polarizer
RS‧‧‧S偏振的振幅係數 Amplitude coefficient of RS‧‧‧S polarization
RP‧‧‧P偏振的振幅係數 Amplitude coefficient of RP‧‧‧P polarization
94A‧‧‧圖像光 94A‧‧‧Image Light
96A,98A,100,114A,116A,118A,120A,122A,92B,94B,96A,98A,100,114A,116A,118A,120A,122A,92B,94B,96B,98B,102B,104B,106B,108B‧‧‧光 96A, 98A, 100, 114A, 116A, 118A, 120A, 122A, 92B, 94B, 96A, 98A, 100, 114A, 116A, 118A, 120A, 122A, 92B, 94B, 96B, 98B, 102B, 104B, 106B, 108B‧ ‧‧Light
在本文中僅通過示例的方式參照附圖描述了本發明，在附圖中： 上文提及的第1圖是基於分束器幾何形狀的現有技術增強現實顯示器的示意圖。 The invention is described herein by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 mentioned above is a schematic diagram of a prior art augmented reality display based on the geometry of the beam splitter.
第2A圖是根據本發明的實施方式的教導構造和操作的用於向觀察者的眼睛提供圖像的顯示器的示意性側視圖；第2B圖是示出各種光線路徑的、來自第2A圖的顯示器的光學元件的放大視圖；第3A圖至第3D圖是示出用於實現橫向孔徑擴展的不同選項的第2A圖的顯示器的示意性前視圖；第4圖是示出使用實現為平面板的光學元件的第2A圖的顯示器的實現方式的示意性等距視圖；第5圖是示出使用實現為具有曲率的板的光學元件的第2A圖的顯示器的實現方式的示意性等距視圖；第6A圖是根據本發明的實施方式的教導構造和操作的用於向觀察者的眼睛提供圖像的顯示器的可替選的實現方式的示意性側視圖；第6B圖是示出各種光線路徑的、來自第6A圖的顯示器的光學元件的放大視圖；第7圖是第6A圖的顯示器的可替選的實施方式的光學元件的放大視圖；第8A圖和第8B圖是示出用於製造任何上述實施方式的光學元件的技術的示意性截面視圖；第9A圖是根據本發明的實施方式的教導構造和操作的用於向觀察者的眼睛提供圖像的顯示器的可替選的實現方式的示意性側視圖，該顯示器採用虛擬影像與真實世界視野之間的偏振管理；第9B圖和第9C圖是分別示出用於在第9A圖的顯示器的光學元件內的部分反射表面上使用的兩種類型的電介質塗層的S偏振光和P偏振光的反射率特性的曲線圖；第10A圖是結合非引導顯示輸入和引導顯示輸入兩者的第6A圖的顯示器的可替選的實施方式的光學元件的放大側視圖；以及 第10B圖和第10C圖分別是在沿針對引導圖像和非引導圖像的傳播路徑的主要光線的光線方向的角度空間中的表示。 FIG. 2A is a schematic side view of a display configured and operated in accordance with the teachings of an embodiment of the present invention to provide an image to the eyes of an observer; FIG. 2B is a view from FIG. 2A showing various light paths Magnified view of the optical elements of the display; Figures 3A to 3D are schematic front views of the display of Figure 2A showing different options for achieving lateral aperture expansion; Figure 4 is a view showing the use of a flat panel Fig. 2A is a schematic isometric view of the implementation of the display of Fig. 2A of the optical element; Fig. 5 is a schematic isometric view of the implementation of the display of Fig. 2A using the optical element implemented as a plate with a curvature Figure 6A is a schematic side view of an alternative implementation of a display configured and operated in accordance with the teachings of an embodiment of the present invention to provide an image to the eyes of an observer; Figure 6B is a diagram showing various light rays Path, an enlarged view of the optical elements from the display of Fig. 6A; Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the optical elements of an alternative embodiment of the display of Fig. 6A; Figs. 8A and 8B are illustrations A schematic cross-sectional view of a technique for manufacturing an optical element of any of the above embodiments; FIG. 9A is an alternative to a display for providing an image to an observer's eyes constructed and operated in accordance with the teachings of an embodiment of the invention Schematic side view of the implementation of the display, the display uses polarization management between the virtual image and the real world field of view; Figures 9B and 9C are diagrams showing partial reflections within the optical elements of the display of Figure 9A, respectively Graphs of the reflectance characteristics of S-polarized light and P-polarized light of the two types of dielectric coatings used on the surface; Figure 10A is a graph of the display of Figure 6A that combines both non-guided display input and guided display input. An enlarged side view of the optical element of the alternative embodiment; and FIGS. 10B and 10C are representations in angular space along the ray direction of the main ray for the propagation path for the guided image and the non-guided image, respectively.
本發明是用於向觀察者的眼睛提供圖像的顯示器。 The present invention is a display for providing an image to the eyes of an observer.
參照附圖和所附描述可以更好地理解根據本發明的顯示器的原理和操作。 The principles and operation of a display according to the present invention can be better understood with reference to the drawings and the accompanying description.
現在參照附圖，第2A圖至第10C圖示出了根據本發明的某些實施方式的教導構造和實現的用於沿觀察方向VD向觀察者的眼睛提供圖像的顯示器的各種實現方式。一般而言，顯示器包括沿投影方向PD投射准直圖像照明的圖像投影儀20(或根據不同示例的60或97)以及由具有第一主表面和第二主表面的至少部分透明的材料形成的光學元件22(或62、72或110)。光學元件包括多個部分反射表面或“刻面(facet)”24(41、52、64、74或90A)，其位於光學元件內部、是平面的、相互平行並且如沿照明方向觀察的那樣至少部分地交疊。 Referring now to the drawings, FIGS. 2A to 10C illustrate various implementations of a display constructed and implemented in accordance with the teachings of certain embodiments of the present invention for providing an image to an observer's eyes in a viewing direction VD. In general, the display includes an image projector 20 (or 60 or 97 according to a different example) that projects a collimated image illumination along the projection direction PD and an at least partially transparent material having a first major surface and a second major surface. The formed optical element 22 (or 62, 72, or 110). The optical element includes a plurality of partially reflective surfaces or "facets" 24 (41, 52, 64, 74, or 90A) that are located inside the optical element, are planar, parallel to each other, and at least as viewed in the direction of illumination Partially overlap.
圖像投影儀被相對於光學元件設置使得投影方向PD入射在主表面中的一個主表面上，並且被定向成使得准直圖像照明的每條光線進入光學元件並且被部分反射表面中的至少兩個部分反射表面部分地反射，以便被重定向成沿觀察方向VD離開第一主表面。 The image projector is arranged relative to the optical element such that the projection direction PD is incident on one of the main surfaces, and is oriented such that each ray of the collimated image illumination enters the optical element and is at least partially reflected in the surface The two partially reflecting surfaces are partially reflecting so as to be redirected away from the first major surface in the viewing direction VD.
很明顯的是，與第1圖的現有技術的分束器方法相比，本發明提供了關鍵的設計靈活性。具體地，由於以相對於光學元件的主表面的傾斜角度設置刻面，因此可以針對相對於光學元件的表面較淺的入射圖像投影方向提供適當定向的刻面，從而允許以大致直立的取向設置光學元件，並且促進更緊湊的設計。在該上下文中，“較淺”角度指的是相對靠近表面的平面的方向，與相對於表面的本地法線測量入射角的“高入射角”對應。在本發明的某些特別優選的實現方式中，投影方向以超過50度並且在許多情況下超過60度的角度入射在主表面中的一個主表面上。某些特別優選的實現方式採用在70度(±5度)的區域中的投影方向的入射角。 It is clear that the present invention provides key design flexibility compared to the prior art beam splitter method of FIG. 1. Specifically, since the facets are provided at an oblique angle with respect to the main surface of the optical element, it is possible to provide appropriately oriented facets for a projection direction of an incident image that is relatively shallow with respect to the surface of the optical element, thereby allowing a substantially upright orientation Provide optics and promote more compact designs. In this context, a "shallower" angle refers to the direction of a plane relatively close to the surface, corresponding to a "high incidence angle" where the angle of incidence is measured relative to the surface's local normal. In some particularly preferred implementations of the invention, the projection direction is incident on one of the main surfaces at an angle of more than 50 degrees and in many cases more than 60 degrees. Some particularly preferred implementations use an angle of incidence in a projection direction in an area of 70 degrees (± 5 degrees).
與上述其他現有技術的“光導”方法相反，本發明採用入 射在光學元件的主表面中的一個主表面上的自由空間(通過空氣)圖像投影，其中，大部分入射圖像照明沒有被轉向以在光學元件內經歷全內發射。這放寬了對於維持在光導內傳播的圖像的圖像品質而言必不可少的許多設計要求和限制。根據下面的示例，本發明的這些和其他優點將變得更清楚。 In contrast to the other "lightguide" methods of the prior art described above, the present invention employs free-space (through air) image projection incident on one of the major surfaces of the optical element, where most of the incident image illumination is not turned To experience total internal emission within the optical element. This relaxes many design requirements and restrictions that are necessary to maintain the image quality of the image propagating within the light guide. These and other advantages of the invention will become clearer from the following examples.
在本文中參考了圖像照明的“投影方向”和“觀察方向”。本發明特別涉及投射的圖像被准直到無窮遠的實現方式，這意味著每個圖元的圖像資訊是平行的光束並且以與圖元的位置對應的角度傳播。這樣的圖像固有地跨越與空氣中圖像的視場(FOV)對應的角度範圍。在具有增大的折射率的介質內，該角度範圍被壓縮，但是圖像傳播的其餘特性仍保持基本不變。出於簡化描述的目的，在本文中在文本和附圖中參考了與圖像的中心圖元對應並且用作用於示出圖像照明的傳播的代表性的光線方向的單獨“方向”。在每個實現方式中，應當理解的是，實際上圖像由跨越圖像FOV到與圖像的不同圖元對應的二維中代表性光線的任一側的許多這樣的光線構成。在第4圖和第5圖的實施方式的等距視圖中示出了由四條最外拐角光線(FOV的最外拐角處的拐角圖元方向)表示的全FOV。同樣在此處，代表性的“投影方向”和“觀察方向”與FOV的中心圖元的投影方向和觀察方向對應，儘管這些方向未在第4圖和第5圖中示出，以避免使附圖混亂。 Reference is made herein to the "projection direction" and "viewing direction" of image lighting. In particular, the present invention relates to an implementation in which a projected image is aligned until infinity, which means that the image information of each primitive is a parallel light beam and propagates at an angle corresponding to the location of the primitive. Such an image inherently spans an angular range corresponding to the field of view (FOV) of the image in the air. In a medium with an increased refractive index, this angular range is compressed, but the remaining characteristics of image propagation remain essentially unchanged. For the purpose of simplifying the description, a separate "direction" corresponding to the central element of the image and used as a representative light direction for illustrating the propagation of image lighting is referred to herein in the text and drawings. In each implementation, it should be understood that an image is actually composed of many such rays spanning the image FOV to either side of a representative ray in two dimensions corresponding to different primitives of the image. The full FOV represented by the four outermost corner rays (the corner primitive direction at the outermost corner of the FOV) is shown in the isometric views of the embodiments of FIGS. 4 and 5. Also here, the representative “projection direction” and “observation direction” correspond to the projection and observation directions of the central element of the FOV, although these directions are not shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 to avoid using The drawings are confusing.
現在轉到第2圖，根據此處所示的本發明的某些實施方式，圖像投影儀(或“光投影儀”)20沿投影方向PD將圖像投射到光學元件(或“反射板”)22上。反射板22包括內部部分反射的平行刻面24。來自投影儀的光(虛線)折射到板22(PD')中，並且然後在沿觀察方向VD朝向觀察者的眼睛折射出去之前在方向VD'上被刻面24反射。 Turning now to FIG. 2, according to some embodiments of the invention shown here, an image projector (or "light projector") 20 projects an image to an optical element (or "reflector") along a projection direction PD ") On 22. The reflecting plate 22 includes a parallel facet 24 that is partially reflected internally. The light (dotted line) from the projector is refracted into the plate 22 (PD ' ) and is then reflected by the facet 24 in the direction VD ' before being refracted toward the observer's eyes in the viewing direction VD.
在該配置中，通過刻面而不是通過板來確定偏轉到觀察者的眼睛中的合適角度。換言之，相對於光學元件22的外表面的PD的入射角和VD的反射角是不相等的。因此，板角度可以比上述第1圖的常規分束器方法中的板角度更陡峭，而反射角朝向眼睛保持最佳。此外，優選地通過每條光線由多個刻面24部分反射來增加豎直孔徑，從而允許 圖像投影儀20的投影孔徑小於實現第1圖的佈置所需的投影儀的光學孔徑。 In this configuration, the proper angle of deflection into the viewer's eyes is determined by facets rather than by plates. In other words, the incidence angle of PD and the reflection angle of VD with respect to the outer surface of the optical element 22 are not equal. Therefore, the plate angle can be steeper than the plate angle in the conventional beam splitter method of FIG. 1 described above, and the reflection angle is kept best toward the eyes. In addition, it is preferable to increase the vertical aperture by partially reflecting each light beam by a plurality of facets 24, thereby allowing the projection aperture of the image projector 20 to be smaller than the optical aperture of the projector required to realize the arrangement of FIG.
只要內部刻面24平行，板22就不必是平面的，如下面參照第5圖所例示的那樣。因此，板22可以是平面板或非平面板。這有利於使用符合人體工程學和/或保形的形狀來設計顯示器。另外，光學元件不必是光學中性板，並且可以替選地實現為具有光學功率的透鏡。這允許增強現實顯示器與處方眼鏡的完全集成，其可以被設計成對虛擬影像(在該示例中，虛擬影像穿過更靠近眼睛的表面兩次)和真實世界的視野(穿過每個表面一次)提供相同的光學校正，或者可以被設計成對例如對於虛擬影像需要更近的焦距的虛擬影像和真實世界的視野各自提供不同的光學功率校正。 As long as the internal facets 24 are parallel, the plate 22 need not be planar, as illustrated below with reference to FIG. 5. Therefore, the plate 22 may be a flat plate or a non-planar plate. This facilitates the design of displays using ergonomic and / or conformal shapes. In addition, the optical element need not be an optically neutral plate, and may alternatively be implemented as a lens having optical power. This allows full integration of the augmented reality display with prescription glasses, which can be designed for virtual images (in this example, the virtual image passes through the surface closer to the eye twice) and the field of view of the real world (once through each surface once ) Provides the same optical correction, or can be designed to provide different optical power corrections for each of a virtual image and a real-world field of view that require a closer focal length for a virtual image, for example.
在本發明的第2圖的配置和許多其他配置中，光以淺角度(高入射角)折射到光學元件中並且接近垂直出射。這樣的配置固有地傾向於生成色差，該色差優選地通過向圖像投影儀提供色差補償元件26來至少部分地補償，色差補償元件26被設置成在圖像照明到達光學元件22的主表面之前修改圖像照明。色差補償元件(或“色度校正器”)可以是例如棱鏡或衍射元件。優選地，在投射的圖像本身中電子地校正任何殘餘色差和場失真。在一些情況下，通過使用諸如RGB鐳射的相對窄的光譜照明來促進該校正，使得避免了每種顏色的照明的色散。用於色度校正的這樣的佈置最優選地在本文中所示的本發明的所有實施方式中使用，但是出於簡化描述的目的從附圖中省略。 In the configuration of Fig. 2 and many other configurations of the present invention, light is refracted into the optical element at a shallow angle (high incidence angle) and exits near vertical. Such a configuration inherently tends to generate chromatic aberration, which is preferably at least partially compensated by providing the image projector with a chromatic aberration compensation element 26 which is arranged before the image illumination reaches the main surface of the optical element 22 Modify image lighting. The chromatic aberration compensation element (or "chroma corrector") may be, for example, a prism or a diffractive element. Preferably, any residual chromatic aberration and field distortion are electronically corrected in the projected image itself. In some cases, this correction is facilitated by using a relatively narrow spectral illumination such as RGB lasers, so that dispersion of the illumination of each color is avoided. Such an arrangement for chromaticity correction is most preferably used in all embodiments of the invention shown herein, but is omitted from the drawings for the purpose of simplifying the description.
如已經提到的，優選的是，刻面24相對於(折射的)投影方向PD'具有相當大的交疊，使得投射的圖像的部分反射發生在多個刻面處，從而實現一維(如此處的附圖所示的那樣豎直地)的光學孔徑擴展。此外，為了確保所觀察到的圖像的連續性(沒有暗線)，刻面應該在(折射的)觀察方向VD'上並且針對跨越VD'方向周圍的角視場的圖像光線最小地給出連續的覆蓋(即，一個刻面從前一個刻面完成的地方開始)。 As already mentioned, it is preferred that the facets 24 have a considerable overlap with respect to the (refracted) projection direction PD ′ , so that partial reflections of the projected image occur at multiple facets, thereby achieving one-dimensionality The optical aperture (vertically as shown in the drawings here) expands. In addition, in order to ensure the continuity of the observed image (without dark lines), the facet should be in the (refracted) viewing direction VD ' and minimized for the image rays that span the angular field of view around the VD ' direction Continuous coverage (ie, one facet starts where the previous facet was completed).
為了增強反射的輸出圖像的均勻性，優選的是，刻面24 也在觀察方向上交疊(如圖所示)，使得獲得非均勻性的平均。換言之，疊加來自不同刻面的投影圖像的不同部分的反射以有助於單個輸出光線。在某些特別優選的實現方式中，可以能夠並且期望將刻面佈置成對於投影方向和觀察方向中的一個或兩個具有精確(整數)數量的交疊刻面。例如，在第2B圖的示例中，點劃線表示主光線(折射的投影方向PD')進入板並且從剛好4個刻面被部分反射，其中每個刻面的末端與該刻面下方的第四個刻面的始端對準，即具有75%的交疊。折射的觀察方向VD'與剛好兩個刻面相交，其中每個刻面的末端相對於VD'方向與該刻面下方的第二個刻面的開始對準，即50%交疊。因此，通過主光線穿過板反射的總能量基本上是恒定的，並且虛擬影像將顯現得被均勻地照明。 In order to enhance the uniformity of the reflected output image, it is preferable that the facets 24 also overlap in the observation direction (as shown in the figure) so that an average of the non-uniformity is obtained. In other words, reflections from different parts of the projected image from different facets are superimposed to facilitate a single output ray. In some particularly preferred implementations, it may be possible and desirable to arrange the facets to have an exact (integer) number of overlapping facets for one or both of the projection direction and the viewing direction. For example, in the example of FIG. 2B, the dot-dash line indicates that the principal ray (the projected direction of refraction PD ' ) enters the plate and is partially reflected from exactly 4 facets, where the end of each facet is the same as that below the facet. The start of the fourth facet is aligned, which is a 75% overlap. The viewing direction VD 'of the refraction intersects exactly two facets, where the end of each facet is aligned with the beginning of the second facet below the facet relative to the VD ' direction, ie, 50% overlap. Therefore, the total energy reflected by the main ray through the plate is essentially constant, and the virtual image will appear to be uniformly illuminated.
如果刻面24是偏振選擇性的(在許多應用中，S偏振是優選的)，則從20發射的光應該對應地偏振，以按預期的比例從刻面被反射。如本領域所公知的，通過使用多層薄膜電介質塗層或通過引入諸如線柵偏振器的結構偏振器層，可以生成偏振選擇性部分反射表面。使用具有一個偏振的高透射率的偏振選擇性部分反射刻面有助於確保通過多個刻面的真實世界視野不會過度衰減。 If the facet 24 is polarization-selective (in many applications, S-polarization is preferred), the light emitted from 20 should be correspondingly polarized to be reflected from the facet at the desired ratio. As is known in the art, a polarization selective partially reflective surface can be generated by using a multilayer thin film dielectric coating or by introducing a structured polarizer layer such as a wire grid polarizer. The use of a highly selective, polarization-selective partially reflective facet with one polarization helps ensure that the real-world field of view through multiple facets is not excessively attenuated.
到目前為止參考第2A圖和第2B圖描述的結構如所示的那樣豎直地實現了投射的圖像的光學孔徑擴展。朝向光學元件22投射的圖像的側向孔徑應該足夠寬，以覆蓋整個眼睛框上的所需的視場。可以以各種方式生成該側向擴展的投射的圖像，如第3A圖至第3D圖中示意性示出的那樣。 The structures described so far with reference to FIGS. 2A and 2B achieve the optical aperture expansion of the projected image vertically as shown. The lateral aperture of the image projected towards the optical element 22 should be wide enough to cover the desired field of view over the entire eye frame. This laterally expanded projected image can be generated in various ways, as shown schematically in Figures 3A to 3D.
光學擴展3A基於產生單個側向孔徑的寬鏡和/或透鏡。這是孔徑擴展的傳統方法，但是可能需要相對大的體積。在第3B圖至第3D圖中描述了採用橫向孔徑倍增的可替選的方法。 Optical extension 3A is based on a wide mirror and / or lens that produces a single lateral aperture. This is the traditional method of aperture expansion, but may require a relatively large volume. An alternative method using lateral aperture doubling is described in Figures 3B to 3D.
在第3B圖的示例中，使用在US 7,643,214 B2中更全面描述的方法，從中心對光導元件照明並且光導元件引導一維的圖像照明以實現側向孔徑擴展。 In the example of Fig. 3B, using the method described more fully in US 7,643,214 B2, the light guide element is illuminated from the center and the light guide element guides the one-dimensional image illumination to achieve lateral aperture expansion.
在第3C圖的示例中，使用在WO 2015/162611 A1中更全面描述的方法或如在本申請的優先權日未公開的並且不構成現有技術的 PCT專利申請公開No.WO 2018/065975 A1中描述的那樣使用矩形截面光導以引導二維的圖像光來從側面對光導元件照明並且光導元件引導一維的圖像照明以實現側向孔徑擴展。 In the example of Figure 3C, the method described more fully in WO 2015/162611 A1 or PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO 2018/065975 A1 as unpublished at the priority date of this application and which does not constitute prior art is used The rectangular light guide is used as described in to guide two-dimensional image light to illuminate the light guide element from the side and the light guide element guides one dimensional image light to achieve lateral aperture expansion.
第3D圖示出了根據本發明的又一方面的另外的可選實現方式，其中，基本上與第2A圖和第2B圖的佈置類似的佈置在旋轉的取向上使用，以實現用於投射到光學元件22上的橫向孔徑倍增。因此，在此處示意性地示出的實現方式中，投影儀包括具有輸出方向OD的圖像生成器30，並且光學孔徑擴展佈置被實現為由透明材料形成並且包括多個部分反射表面34的光學擴展元件32，所述多個部分反射表面34位於光學擴展元件內部、是平面的、相互平行並且相對於圖像生成器的輸出方向至少部分地交疊。圖像生成器30被相對於光學擴展元件32設置使得輸出方向入射在光學擴展元件上，並且被定向成使得准直圖像照明的每條光線進入光學擴展元件並且被部分反射表面中的至少兩個部分反射表面部分地反射，以便被重定向成沿投影方向離開光學擴展元件。該佈置在圖像到達光學元件22之前實現光學孔徑擴展的第一(如圖所示的水準)維度，在該光學元件22處發生光學孔徑擴展的第二(如圖所示的豎直)維度。 Figure 3D shows a further alternative implementation according to yet another aspect of the invention, wherein an arrangement substantially similar to the arrangements of Figures 2A and 2B is used in a rotated orientation to achieve projection The lateral aperture onto the optical element 22 is doubled. Therefore, in the implementation schematically shown here, the projector includes an image generator 30 having an output direction OD, and the optical aperture extension arrangement is implemented as a transparent material and includes a plurality of partially reflective surfaces 34 An optical expansion element 32, the plurality of partially reflecting surfaces 34 located inside the optical expansion element are planar, parallel to each other and at least partially overlap with respect to the output direction of the image generator. The image generator 30 is disposed relative to the optical expansion element 32 such that the output direction is incident on the optical expansion element, and is oriented such that each light of the collimated image illumination enters the optical expansion element and is partially reflected by at least two The partially reflecting surfaces are partially reflecting so as to be redirected away from the optical expansion element in the projection direction. This arrangement achieves the first (as shown) level of optical aperture expansion before the image reaches the optical element 22, and the second (as shown) vertical dimension of optical aperture expansion occurs at the optical element 22 .
在第3B圖至第3D圖中所示的每個選項中，當光從側向孔徑擴展傳送到豎直孔徑擴展時可以改變偏振。這可以使用偏振管理部件28(例如波板和/或偏振器)來實現。 In each of the options shown in Figures 3B to 3D, the polarization can be changed when light is transmitted from the lateral aperture expansion to the vertical aperture expansion. This can be achieved using a polarization management component 28, such as a wave plate and / or a polarizer.
現在轉向第4圖，第4圖示出了包括這樣的系統的示例性尺寸的本發明的示例性實現方式，在該系統中平面豎直孔徑倍增板40具有內部平行的刻面41並且相對於豎直傾斜度為20°。視場被限定為32°×18°，並且從板到眼睛轉動中心42的距離被限定為45mm。側向孔徑擴展由具有內部刻面45的一維光導44來提供，從而生成向下投射的輸出孔徑。在一個示例中，該投影儀佈置的尺寸為15.45mm×40.73mm。在該示例中，根據第3C圖的原理來實現投影儀中的光學擴展佈置。光導44可以通過光學器件或通過另一縱向孔徑擴展46被照明，該縱向孔徑擴展46被小光學圖像生成器及其相關聯的准直光學器件48照明。 Turning now to FIG. 4, which illustrates an exemplary implementation of the present invention including exemplary dimensions of a system in which a planar vertical aperture multiplier plate 40 has an internally parallel facet 41 and is relative to The vertical tilt is 20 °. The field of view is limited to 32 ° × 18 °, and the distance from the plate to the eye rotation center 42 is limited to 45 mm. The lateral aperture expansion is provided by a one-dimensional light guide 44 with an internal facet 45, thereby generating an output aperture projected downward. In one example, the size of the projector arrangement is 15.45mm × 40.73mm. In this example, the optical expansion arrangement in the projector is implemented according to the principle of FIG. 3C. The light guide 44 may be illuminated by optics or by another longitudinal aperture extension 46, which is illuminated by a small optical image generator and its associated collimation optics 48.
在該實現方式中，可以通過使光導44傾斜(未示出)以生成相反的色差來補償色差。因此，例如，在此處所示的實現方式中，光導44將按照順時針方向沿其長度繞軸傾斜，如該視圖中所示出的那樣。 In this implementation, the color difference can be compensated by tilting the light guide 44 (not shown) to generate the opposite color difference. So, for example, in the implementation shown here, the light guide 44 will be tilted about its axis clockwise along its length, as shown in this view.
現在轉到第5圖，第5圖示出了與第4圖類似的佈置，其中，板50(相當於平面板40)是彎曲的，而內部刻面52仍然是平面的並且是平行的。由於所觀察到的圖像是從板內的內部刻面反射的，因此表面曲率對反射光的影響非常小。因此，該配置允許朝向聚焦到無窮遠的虛擬影像的觀察方向進行反射以及孔徑倍增，所有這些都具有最小的失真。虛擬影像的微小殘餘失真可以使用光學元件設計領域公知的標準軟體工具由通常實現為散光或自由形式透鏡的補償元件54進行預補償，散光或自由形式透鏡是通過使用電腦實現的數值方法針對每個板50的特定形狀設計的。 Turning now to Figure 5, Figure 5 shows an arrangement similar to Figure 4, in which the plate 50 (equivalent to the planar plate 40) is curved, while the internal facet 52 is still planar and parallel. Since the observed image is reflected from an internal facet within the plate, the effect of surface curvature on reflected light is very small. Therefore, this configuration allows reflection and aperture doubling towards the viewing direction of the virtual image focused to infinity, all with minimal distortion. The slight residual distortion of the virtual image can be pre-compensated by a compensation element 54 commonly implemented as astigmatism or a free-form lens using standard software tools known in the field of optical element design. The specific shape of the plate 50 is designed.
到目前為止所示的本發明的所有實現方式示出了“後方照明式”的實現方式，即，投射的圖像的進入和反射的圖像沿觀察方向的離開發生在面向觀察者的眼睛的同一表面上。然而，應當注意，所有這些實施方式的可替選的實現方式可以採用“前方照明式”的實現方式，其中，圖像投影從光學元件遠離觀察者眼睛的一側發生。此處參照第6A圖和第6B圖示出了該類型的示例性實現方式。因此，投影儀60在此處位於與觀察者的眼睛關於板62的相對側。以優化的角度設置內部刻面64以將虛擬影像朝向觀察者反射。與光學孔徑的橫向擴展和平面或非平面光學元件有關的所有上述選項，無論是否具有光學功率，都可以同樣適於使用前方照明式的幾何結構。 All implementations of the invention shown so far show "backlit" implementations, that is, the entry of the projected image and the departure of the reflected image in the viewing direction occur at the viewer's eyes On the same surface. It should be noted, however, that alternative implementations of all of these embodiments may employ "front-illuminated" implementations, where image projection occurs from the side of the optical element remote from the viewer's eyes. An exemplary implementation of this type is shown here with reference to Figures 6A and 6B. Therefore, the projector 60 is located here on the opposite side of the plate 62 from the observer's eyes. The internal facet 64 is set at an optimized angle to reflect the virtual image towards the viewer. All of the above options related to the lateral expansion of optical apertures and planar or non-planar optics, whether or not they have optical power, are equally suitable for use with front-illuminated geometries.
現在轉到第7圖，本發明與某些現有技術的前述光導方法的區別在於，圖像照明以由刻面傳輸的照明的至少一部分穿過光學元件而沒有通過內反射被捕獲或“引導”的這樣的方式被引入到光學元件中。儘管如此，圖像照明的一部分在板內反射以從光學元件的主表面經歷一次或更多次內反射的實現方式也落入本發明的範圍內。在第7圖中示出了這樣一種示例。在這種情況下，圖像照明70的示例性光線進入光導72並且撞擊在刻面74上的點73處。在被刻面反射之後，光與板/光導的主表 面成淺角度，並且因此通過光導72內的全內反射(TIR)傳播。通過刻面74的第二反射76沿著沿觀察方向VD的線78朝向觀察者投射光。 Turning now to FIG. 7, the present invention differs from some of the aforementioned light guide methods of the prior art in that the image illumination passes through the optical element with at least a portion of the illumination transmitted by the facet without being captured or "guided" by internal reflection. Such a way is introduced into the optical element. Nevertheless, implementations in which a portion of the image illumination is reflected within the board to undergo one or more internal reflections from the major surface of the optical element also fall within the scope of the invention. Such an example is shown in FIG. 7. In this case, an exemplary ray of image illumination 70 enters the light guide 72 and hits a point 73 on the facet 74. After being reflected by the facet, the light makes a shallow angle to the main surface of the plate / light guide, and therefore travels through total internal reflection (TIR) within the light guide 72. A second reflection 76 through the facet 74 projects light toward the observer along a line 78 in the viewing direction VD.
因此，在該實施方式中，與先前的示例不同，刻面中的一個刻面處的第一反射不沿觀察方向引導圖像照明。代替地，來自刻面中的一個刻面的第一反射對圖像照明光線的一部分重定向以在板的主表面中的至少一個主表面處經歷全內反射。然後，光線通過來自刻面中的另一刻面的至少一個另外的反射被重定向成沿觀察方向離開第一主表面。在照明經歷從板的主表面的一次或更多次內反射的意義上而言，此處提及照明作為“部分引導”。然而，由於圖像照明僅沿板內通過相對短的距離，因此光學性能對光學品質中的缺陷和板的主表面的平行度不太敏感。負責“第一反射”的刻面基本上與負責“另外的反射”的刻面類似，並且在特別優選的實現方式中，部分反射表面中的至少一個部分反射表面有助於圖像照明的第一光線的第一反射和圖像照明的第二光線的另外的反射兩者。 Therefore, in this embodiment, unlike the previous example, the first reflection at one of the facets does not guide the image illumination in the observation direction. Instead, the first reflection from one of the facets redirects a portion of the image illumination light to experience total internal reflection at at least one of the major surfaces of the panel. The light is then redirected to leave the first major surface in the viewing direction by at least one additional reflection from another of the facets. In the sense that the illumination undergoes one or more internal reflections from the main surface of the board, the illumination is mentioned here as a "partial guide". However, because image illumination passes only a relatively short distance along the board, the optical performance is less sensitive to defects in optical quality and the parallelism of the main surface of the board. The facet responsible for the "first reflection" is basically similar to the facet responsible for "additional reflection", and in a particularly preferred implementation, at least one of the partially reflective surfaces contributes to the first Both the first reflection of one ray and the additional reflection of a second ray of image illumination.
值得注意的是，在第7圖的實施方式中，刻面不一定相對於(折射的)投影方向交疊，並且孔徑擴展部分地通過刻面相對於第一反射光線的有效交疊和/或來自板的主表面的第一反射光線的反射來實現。通過相對於折射的投影方向的刻面的連續覆蓋通常是優選的。在所有的實施方式中，高度期望通過相對於折射的觀察方向的刻面的連續覆蓋，以避免虛擬影像中的暗線。 It is worth noting that in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the facets do not necessarily overlap with respect to the (refractive) projection direction, and the aperture expansion is partially due to the effective overlap of the facets with respect to the first reflected light and / or from The reflection of the first reflected light from the main surface of the board is achieved. Continuous coverage by facets with respect to the projection direction of refraction is generally preferred. In all embodiments, it is highly desirable to avoid dark lines in the virtual image by continuous coverage of the facet with respect to the viewing direction of refraction.
根據本發明的各種特別優選的實施方式，光學元件內的內反射需要光的最小引導或不需要光的引導。因此，本發明適用於使用諸如塑膠的介質的實現方式，儘管可能引入一些失真和雙折射。此處參照第8A圖和第8B圖描述了使用塑膠製造包含所需刻面的光學元件的各種非限制性方法。 According to various particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention, internal reflection within the optical element requires minimal or no guidance of light. Therefore, the present invention is applicable to implementations using a medium such as plastic, although some distortion and birefringence may be introduced. Various non-limiting methods for making optical elements containing a desired facet using plastic are described herein with reference to FIGS. 8A and 8B.
在第8A圖中，部分80由模制塑膠製成並且塗覆有合適的反射器塗層81。互補部分82也由具有相同折射率的塑膠製成，並且兩者附接在一起。 In Figure 8A, the portion 80 is made of molded plastic and coated with a suitable reflector coating 81. The complementary portion 82 is also made of plastic having the same refractive index, and the two are attached together.
第8B圖示出了可替選的方法，其中，部分80和反射器塗層81如上述那樣製備，並且然後被設置在模具86中，在模具86內直 接模制互補部分84，以與部分80形成整體結構。 FIG. 8B illustrates an alternative method in which the portion 80 and the reflector coating 81 are prepared as described above, and are then set in a mold 86 where the complementary portion 84 is directly molded within the mold 86 to interact with the portion. 80 forms a monolithic structure.
如前面提到的，本發明的各種實現方式的部分反射表面可以實現為偏振選擇性層。第9A圖至第9C圖更詳細地解決了利用偏振管理的某些實現方式。 As mentioned previously, the partially reflective surface of various implementations of the invention may be implemented as a polarization selective layer. Figures 9A-9C address some implementations that utilize polarization management in more detail.
刻面塗層可以基於提供部分反射的電介質或金屬塗層。在許多情況下，該塗層將具有固有的偏振相關性。優選的是，來自真實世界的光不會通過刻面塗層進行反射，而來自投影儀的一部分光將被反射到觀察者的眼睛。在第9A圖中，通過使用傳輸P偏振並且反射S的偏振選擇性塗層來實現該選擇性反射。偏振器88放置在板22的前面。投影儀傳輸由刻面朝向觀察者反射的S偏振，而偏振器僅傳輸來自外界的P偏振。 The faceted coating may be based on a dielectric or metal coating that provides partial reflection. In many cases, the coating will have inherent polarization dependence. It is preferred that light from the real world is not reflected by the faceted coating, and a portion of the light from the projector will be reflected to the observer's eyes. In Figure 9A, this selective reflection is achieved by using a polarization selective coating that transmits P polarization and reflects S. A polarizer 88 is placed in front of the plate 22. The projector transmits S polarization which is reflected by the facet towards the observer, while the polarizer transmits only P polarization from the outside.
第9B圖和第9C圖示出了可以用於折射率為1.6的板中的刻面的兩種類型的電介質塗層的反射率特性。接近50度的入射角的情況下，在P的透射率與S的反射率之間存在最高的分離。因此，該範圍的角度(例如45°至55°範圍中)對於刻面(刻面的法線)與觀察方向之間的傾斜是良好的角度。 Figures 9B and 9C show the reflectance characteristics of two types of dielectric coatings that can be used for facets in a plate with a refractive index of 1.6. When the incident angle is close to 50 degrees, there is the highest separation between the transmittance of P and the reflectance of S. Therefore, the angle of this range (for example, in the range of 45 ° to 55 °) is a good angle for the inclination between the facet (the normal of the facet) and the observation direction.
可以使用呈現對於更大的角度範圍更有利的刻面的特性的其他塗層。附加的選項包括使用線柵膜(市售的，例如來自美國猶他州的Moxtek公司)或雙折射電介質塗層(市售的，例如來自美國明尼蘇達州的3M公司)。 Other coatings can be used that exhibit the characteristics of a facet that is more advantageous for a larger angular range. Additional options include the use of a wire grid film (commercially available, such as from Moxtek, Utah, USA) or a birefringent dielectric coating (commercially available, such as from 3M, Minnesota, USA).
可以通過將板的表面上的入射角設計成接近布魯斯特角(Brewster angle)來提高P偏振光從投影儀到板中的透射率。例如，對於n=1.8，該角度將約為61度。 The transmittance of P-polarized light from the projector into the plate can be increased by designing the angle of incidence on the surface of the plate close to the Brewster angle. For example, for n = 1.8, the angle will be approximately 61 degrees.
最後轉到第10A圖和第10B圖，應當注意，採用非引導圖像照明的投影的本發明可以結合引導圖像投影儀來實現。 Finally, turning to FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B, it should be noted that the present invention using non-guided image illumination projection can be implemented in conjunction with a guided image projector.
第10A圖示出了具有刻面90A的光導。引導圖像投影儀92注入作為96A反射並且作為98A耦合出光導的圖像光94A。在第10B圖中示出了具有尾碼為B的相同數位的相同光線的向量。 Figure 10A shows a light guide with a facet 90A. The image projector 92 is guided to inject image light 94A that is reflected as 96A and coupled out as a light guide as 98A. Figure 10B shows a vector of the same ray with the same digits ending in B.
根據本發明的一方面，沿投影方向PD將非引導的圖像照 明投射到光導上的第二投影儀97包括在系統中。光100折射到光導102A中並且作為114A從刻面90A反射。在作為116A從外表面反射之後，光線作為118A再次從刻面90A反射。光線118A與94A等同(平行)，並且因此將作為120A反射並且在觀察方向VD上作為122A(相當於98A)耦合出光導。在第10C圖中的角度空間中示出了具有相同數位但具有尾碼B的該反射過程的向量。 According to an aspect of the invention, a second projector 97 that projects unguided image illumination onto the light guide in the projection direction PD is included in the system. Light 100 is refracted into light guide 102A and reflected as 114A from facet 90A. After being reflected from the outer surface as 116A, the light is reflected again from facet 90A as 118A. The ray 118A is identical (parallel) to 94A, and will therefore be reflected as 120A and coupled out of the light guide as 122A (equivalent to 98A) in the viewing direction VD. The vector of this reflection process with the same digits but with a tail code B is shown in the angular space in Fig. 10C.
應當理解，以上描述僅旨在用作示例，並且在所附申請專利範圍中限定的本發明的範圍內，許多其他實施方式是可能的。 It should be understood that the above description is intended only as an example, and that many other implementations are possible within the scope of the invention as defined in the scope of the appended patent applications.
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| EP (1) | EP3688526B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP7303557B2 (en) |
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| CN (1) | CN111183393B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL273645B2 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI791049B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019064301A1 (en) |
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2018
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- 2018-09-23 JP JP2020517822A patent/JP7303557B2/en active Active
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112433368A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2021-03-02 | 日立乐金光科技株式会社 | Image display device and head-mounted display using the same |
| CN112433368B (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2022-10-21 | 日立乐金光科技株式会社 | Image display device and head-mounted display using the same |
Also Published As
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| KR20200040304A (en) | 2020-04-17 |
| EP3688526A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
| JP2021501904A (en) | 2021-01-21 |
| WO2019064301A1 (en) | 2019-04-04 |
| EP3688526B1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
| CN111183393A (en) | 2020-05-19 |
| IL273645A (en) | 2020-05-31 |
| CN111183393B (en) | 2024-03-19 |
| IL273645B2 (en) | 2023-06-01 |
| EP3688526A4 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
| TWI791049B (en) | 2023-02-01 |
| US20200249481A1 (en) | 2020-08-06 |
| KR102561362B1 (en) | 2023-07-28 |
| JP7303557B2 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
| US11513352B2 (en) | 2022-11-29 |
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