TW201921041A - Light guides including gratings - Google Patents

Abstract

A light guide includes a glass plate, a pattern of first gratings, a pattern of second gratings, and a pattern of light extractors. The glass plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The pattern of first gratings is on the first surface of the glass plate. The pattern of second gratings is on the second surface of the glass plate where each second grating is aligned with a first grating. The pattern of light extractors is on the first or second surface of the glass plate.

Description

包括光柵的光導器Light guide including grating

此申請案依據專利法主張於2017年8月29日所提出的第62/551,375號美國臨時專利申請案的優先權權益，該申請案的整體內容於本文中以引用方式依附及併入本文中。This application claims priority rights to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 551,375 filed on August 29, 2017 in accordance with the Patent Law, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference and incorporated herein .

本揭示案大致關於用於經由光導器傳播光的裝置及方法。更具體而言，本揭示案關於經由例如用於顯示器的背光中的圖案化的光導器來傳播光。This disclosure relates generally to a device and method for propagating light via a light guide. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to the propagation of light via, for example, a patterned light guide in a backlight for a display.

液晶顯示器（LCD）是基於光閥的顯示器，其中顯示面板包括可個別定址的光閥的陣列。背光用來在LCD顯示器中產生放射影像。背光是邊緣發光或直接發光的。邊緣發光的背光例如包括發光二極體（LED）陣列，該發光二極體陣列邊緣耦接到光導板，該光導板從該光導板的表面發射光。直接發光的背光例如包括在LCD面板正後方的LED的二維（2D）陣列。邊緣發光的背光一般較直接發光的背光為薄，而直接發光的背光允許改良的動態對比，因為顯示器的暗區域中的LED可被關掉（turn off）。Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are light valve-based displays in which the display panel includes an array of individually addressable light valves. The backlight is used to produce radiographic images in the LCD display. The backlight is edge-lit or directly lit. The edge-emitting backlight includes, for example, a light-emitting diode (LED) array whose edges are coupled to a light guide plate that emits light from a surface of the light guide plate. A direct-lighting backlight includes, for example, a two-dimensional (2D) array of LEDs directly behind the LCD panel. Edge-lit backlights are generally thinner than direct-lit backlights, and direct-lit backlights allow improved dynamic contrast because the LEDs in the dark areas of the display can be turned off.

直接發光的背光可能由於背光內的多重反射而遭受大量的光損耗。因此，本文中揭露了用於經由具有減少的光損耗的光導器來傳播光的裝置及方法。Directly-lit backlights may suffer significant light losses due to multiple reflections within the backlight. Accordingly, disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for propagating light via a light guide with reduced light loss.

本揭示案的某些實施例關於一種光導器。該光導器包括玻璃板、具有一定圖案的第一光柵、具有一定圖案的第二光柵、及具有一定圖案的光提取器。該玻璃板具有第一表面及與該第一表面相反的第二表面。該第一光柵圖案在該玻璃板的該第一表面上。該第二光柵圖案在該玻璃板的該第二表面上，其中所述第二光柵中的各者與第一光柵對準。該光提取器圖案在該玻璃板的該第一表面或該第二表面上。Certain embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a light guide. The light guide includes a glass plate, a first grating having a certain pattern, a second grating having a certain pattern, and a light extractor having a certain pattern. The glass plate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The first grating pattern is on the first surface of the glass plate. The second grating pattern is on the second surface of the glass plate, wherein each of the second gratings is aligned with the first grating. The light extractor pattern is on the first surface or the second surface of the glass plate.

本揭示案的又其他的實施例關於一種背光。該背光包括玻璃光導器、底部反射器及複數個光源。該玻璃光導器包括底面及頂面、該底面或該頂面上的具有一定圖案的光提取器、及該底面或該頂面上的具有一定圖案的第一光柵。該複數個光源在該底部反射器與該玻璃光導器之間。藉由對應的第一光柵來將來自各個光源的光耦接到該玻璃光導器中，使得該光的第一部分在該玻璃光導器中側向前行且被該等光提取器提取出該玻璃光導器。Still other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a backlight. The backlight includes a glass light guide, a bottom reflector, and a plurality of light sources. The glass light guide includes a bottom surface and a top surface, a light extractor having a certain pattern on the bottom surface or the top surface, and a first grating having a certain pattern on the bottom surface or the top surface. The plurality of light sources are between the bottom reflector and the glass light guide. The light from each light source is coupled into the glass light guide by a corresponding first grating, so that the first part of the light goes sideways in the glass light guide and the glass is extracted by the light extractors Light guide.

本揭示案的又其他的實施例關於一種用於製造顯示器的方法。該方法包括以下步驟：將複數個發光二極體（LED）附接到印刷電路板（PCB）。該方法更包括以下步驟：將底部反射器施用於該複數個LED之間的該PCB。該方法更包括以下步驟：將光導板施用於該複數個LED上方，該光導板包括底面及頂面、該底面或該頂面上的具有一定圖案的光提取器、及該底面或該頂面上的具有一定圖案的光柵。該方法更包括以下步驟：將圖案化反射器施用於該光導板上方。Yet other embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method for manufacturing a display. The method includes the steps of attaching a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) to a printed circuit board (PCB). The method further includes the following steps: applying a bottom reflector to the PCB between the plurality of LEDs. The method further includes the following steps: applying a light guide plate over the plurality of LEDs, the light guide plate including a bottom surface and a top surface, a light extractor with a certain pattern on the bottom surface or the top surface, and the bottom surface or the top surface A grating with a certain pattern on it. The method further includes the steps of: applying a patterned reflector over the light guide plate.

本文中所揭露的裝置及方法提供了具有減少的光損耗的光導器及具有二維（2D）本端調光的直接發光背光效能的薄且高效的背光。The devices and methods disclosed herein provide a light guide with reduced light loss and a thin and efficient backlight with two-dimensional (2D) local dimming direct-lighting backlight performance.

將在隨後的詳細說明中闡述額外的特徵及優點，且本領域中的技術人員將藉由該說明容易理解該等特徵及優點的一部分，或藉由實行如本文中所述的實施例來認識該等特徵及優點，該等實施例包括了隨後的詳細說明、請求項以及附圖。Additional features and advantages will be explained in the detailed description that follows, and a person skilled in the art will readily understand a part of these features and advantages through the description, or recognize by implementing the embodiments as described herein For these features and advantages, these embodiments include subsequent detailed descriptions, claims, and drawings.

要瞭解到，上述的大致說明及以下的詳細說明兩者描述了各種實施例，且是要用來提供概觀或架構以供瞭解所主張的標的的本質及特性的。包括了附圖以提供各種實施例的進一步瞭解，且將該等附圖被併入此說明書且構成此說明書的一部分。該等附圖繪示了本文中所述的各種實施例，且與說明書一起用來解釋所主張的標的的原理及操作。It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description describe various embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and characteristics of the claimed subject matter. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of various embodiments, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments described herein and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles and operation of the claimed subject matter.

現將詳細參照本揭示案的實施例，該等實施例的示例被繪示在附圖中。將儘可能使用相同的參考標號來在繪圖的任何部分指稱相同或類似的部件。然而，此揭示案可用許多不同的形式來實現，且此揭示案不應被視為限於本文中所闡述的實施例。Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used to refer to the same or similar parts in any part of the drawing. However, this disclosure can be implemented in many different forms, and this disclosure should not be considered limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

在本文中可將範圍表達為從「約」一個特定值及/或到「約」另一特定值。當表達此類範圍時，另一實施例包括從該一個特定值及/或到該另一特定值。類似地，當藉由使用先行詞「約」將值表達為近似值時，將瞭解到，該特定值形成另一實施例。將進一步瞭解到，範圍中的各者的端點相對於另一端點是有意義的（significant）且是與另一端點無關地有意義的。A range may be expressed herein as from "about" one particular value and / or to "about" another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when a value is expressed as an approximate value by using the antecedent "about", it will be understood that this particular value forms another embodiment. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant relative to the other endpoint and are independent of the other endpoint.

如本文中所使用的方向性用語（例如上、下、右、左、前、後、頂、底、垂直、水平）是僅參照如所繪製的圖式而作出的，且不是要暗示絕對的定向。Directional terms (eg, up, down, right, left, front, back, top, bottom, vertical, horizontal) as used herein are made with reference only to the drawings as drawn and are not meant to be absolute Directional.

除非另有明確表明，絕不要將本文中所闡述的任何方法解釋為需要其步驟以特定順序執行，亦不需要任何的裝置特定的定向。因此，若一個方法請求項實際上並未記載要由其步驟依循的順序，或任何裝置請求項實際上並未記載個別元件的順序或定向，或在請求項或說明書中未另有具體表明步驟要受限於特定的順序，或未記載裝置的元件的特定順序或定向，則絕不要在任何方面推斷順序或定向。這對於用於解譯的任何可能的非明示基礎都是如此，包括：針對步驟、操作流程、元件順序或元件定向的佈置的邏輯事項；推導自文法組織或標點符號的一般意義，及；說明書中所述的實施例的數量或類型。Unless expressly stated otherwise, never explain any method described herein as requiring its steps to be performed in a particular order, nor any device-specific orientation. Therefore, if a method request does not actually record the sequence to be followed by its steps, or any device request does not actually record the order or orientation of the individual components, or the steps or instructions do not specify the steps To be constrained by a specific order, or a specific order or orientation of elements of a device not documented, the order or orientation should never be inferred in any way. This is true of any possible non-explicit basis for interpretation, including: logical matters for steps, operating procedures, component order, or component-oriented arrangement; derivation from the general meaning of grammatical organization or punctuation, and descriptions The number or type of embodiments described in.

如本文中所使用的，單數形式「一個（a）」、「一個（an）」及「該（the）」包括了複數的指涉對象，除非上下文另有清楚指示。因此，例如對於「一個」元件的指稱包括了具有二或更多個此類元件的態樣，除非上下文另有清楚指示。As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "an" element includes a state having two or more such elements, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

現參照圖1A-1B，示意性地描繪了包括透射光柵106的示例性光導器100。圖1A是光導器100的側視圖，而圖1B是透射光柵106的仰視圖。光導器100包括具有第一表面102及與第一表面102相反的第二表面104的玻璃板101。光導器100包括玻璃板101的第一表面102上的透射光柵106。在其他示例中，光導器100包括玻璃板101的第一表面102上的具有一定圖案的透射光柵106（例如透射光柵106的二維（2D）陣列）。光導器100亦包括具有一定圖案的光提取器（未示出），將例如參照圖5在下文描述該光提取器圖案。光提取器圖案是在玻璃板101的第一表面102或第二表面104上的。Referring now to FIGS. 1A-1B, an exemplary light guide 100 including a transmission grating 106 is schematically depicted. FIG. 1A is a side view of the light guide 100, and FIG. 1B is a bottom view of the transmission grating 106. The light guide 100 includes a glass plate 101 having a first surface 102 and a second surface 104 opposite to the first surface 102. The light guide 100 includes a transmission grating 106 on a first surface 102 of a glass plate 101. In other examples, the light guide 100 includes a patterned transmission grating 106 (eg, a two-dimensional (2D) array of transmission gratings 106) on the first surface 102 of the glass plate 101. The light guide 100 also includes a light extractor (not shown) having a certain pattern, which will be described below with reference to FIG. 5, for example. The light extractor pattern is on the first surface 102 or the second surface 104 of the glass plate 101.

如圖1B中所示，透射光柵106是包括與y軸平行的複數條線的線性光柵。透射光柵106將入射於透射光柵106上的光108耦接到光導器100中，使得光的一部分（亦即在112處指示的透射一階（T1）光）由於全內反射而在xz平面上在光導器中側向前行。由於全內反射而在光導器100中側向前行的光最後被光提取器提取出光導器100。光包括在110處指示的透射零階（T0）光的其餘部分穿過玻璃板101的第二表面104。As shown in FIG. 1B, the transmission grating 106 is a linear grating including a plurality of lines parallel to the y-axis. The transmission grating 106 couples the light 108 incident on the transmission grating 106 into the light guide 100 such that a portion of the light (ie, the transmitted first-order (T1) light indicated at 112) is on the xz plane due to total internal reflection Go forward in the light guide. The light traveling forward in the light guide 100 due to total internal reflection is finally extracted by the light extractor out of the light guide 100. The light includes the remainder of the transmitted zeroth order (T0) light indicated at 110 through the second surface 104 of the glass plate 101.

圖2A-2B示意性地描繪包括反射光柵126的示例性光導器120。圖2A是光導器120的側視圖，而圖2B是反射光柵126的俯視圖。光導器120包括具有第一表面122及與第一表面122相反的第二表面124的玻璃板121。光導器120包括玻璃板121的第二表面124上的反射光柵126。在其他示例中，光導器120包括玻璃板121的第二表面124上的具有一定圖案的反射光柵126（例如反射光柵106的2D陣列）。光導器120亦包括具有一定圖案的光提取器（未示出），將例如參照圖5在下文描述該光提取器圖案。光提取器圖案是在玻璃板121的第一表面122或第二表面124上的。2A-2B schematically depict an exemplary light guide 120 including a reflective grating 126. FIG. FIG. 2A is a side view of the light guide 120, and FIG. 2B is a top view of the reflection grating 126. The light guide 120 includes a glass plate 121 having a first surface 122 and a second surface 124 opposite to the first surface 122. The light guide 120 includes a reflective grating 126 on the second surface 124 of the glass plate 121. In other examples, the light guide 120 includes a reflective grating 126 (eg, a 2D array of reflective gratings 106) having a pattern on the second surface 124 of the glass plate 121. The light guide 120 also includes a light extractor (not shown) having a certain pattern, which will be described below with reference to FIG. 5, for example. The light extractor pattern is on the first surface 122 or the second surface 124 of the glass plate 121.

如圖2B中所示，反射光柵126是包括與y軸平行的複數條線的線性光柵。反射光柵126將入射於反射光柵126上的光128耦接到光導器120中，使得光的一部分（亦即在132處指示的反射一階（R1）光）由於全內反射而在xz平面上在光導器中側向前行。由於全內反射而在光導器120中側向前行的光最後被光提取器提取出光導器120。光的其餘部分包括在130處指示的反射零階（R0）光及在134處指示的T0光。T0光134穿過玻璃板121的第二表面124，而R0光130被反射回玻璃板121的第一表面122。As shown in FIG. 2B, the reflection grating 126 is a linear grating including a plurality of lines parallel to the y-axis. The reflection grating 126 couples the light 128 incident on the reflection grating 126 into the light guide 120 so that a part of the light (ie, the reflected first-order (R1) light indicated at 132) is on the xz plane due to total internal reflection Go forward in the light guide. The light traveling forward in the light guide 120 due to total internal reflection is finally extracted by the light extractor out of the light guide 120. The rest of the light includes the reflected zero-order (R0) light indicated at 130 and the T0 light indicated at 134. The TO light 134 passes through the second surface 124 of the glass plate 121 and the RO light 130 is reflected back to the first surface 122 of the glass plate 121.

圖3A-3C示意性地描繪包括透射光柵146及反射光柵148的示例性光導器140。圖3A是光導器140的側視圖，圖3B是反射光柵148的俯視圖，而圖3C是透射光柵146的仰視圖。光導器140包括具有第一表面142及與第一表面142相反的第二表面144的玻璃板141。光導器140包括玻璃板141的第一表面142上的透射光柵146。光導器140包括玻璃板141的第二表面144上的反射光柵148。透射光柵146在z軸方向上與反射光柵148對準。在其他示例中，光導器140包括具有一定圖案的透射光柵146及具有一定圖案的反射光柵148，例如玻璃板141的第一表面142上的透射光柵146的2D陣列及玻璃板141的第二表面144上的反射光柵148的2D陣列，其中各個透射光柵在z軸方向上與反射光柵對準。光導器140亦包括具有一定圖案的光提取器（未示出），將例如參照圖5在下文描述該光提取器圖案。光提取器圖案是在玻璃板141的第一表面142或第二表面144上的。3A-3C schematically depict an exemplary light guide 140 including a transmission grating 146 and a reflection grating 148. FIG. 3A is a side view of the light guide 140, FIG. 3B is a top view of the reflection grating 148, and FIG. 3C is a bottom view of the transmission grating 146. The light guide 140 includes a glass plate 141 having a first surface 142 and a second surface 144 opposite to the first surface 142. The light guide 140 includes a transmission grating 146 on a first surface 142 of the glass plate 141. The light guide 140 includes a reflection grating 148 on a second surface 144 of the glass plate 141. The transmission grating 146 is aligned with the reflection grating 148 in the z-axis direction. In other examples, the light guide 140 includes a transmission grating 146 with a certain pattern and a reflection grating 148 with a certain pattern, such as a 2D array of the transmission grating 146 on the first surface 142 of the glass plate 141 and the second surface of the glass plate 141 A 2D array of reflective gratings 148 on 144, where each transmission grating is aligned with the reflective grating in the z-axis direction. The light guide 140 also includes a light extractor (not shown) having a pattern, which will be described below with reference to FIG. 5, for example. The light extractor pattern is on the first surface 142 or the second surface 144 of the glass plate 141.

如圖3B中所示，反射光柵148是包括與y軸平行的複數條線的線性光柵。如圖3C中所示，透射光柵146亦是包括與y軸平行的複數條線的線性光柵。在一個示例中，透射光柵146的線及反射光柵148的線在約10°內彼此平行。透射光柵146將入射於透射光柵146上的光150耦接到光導器140中，使得光的一部分（亦即在158處指示的T1光）由於全內反射而在xz平面上在光導器中側向前行。反射光柵148將入射於反射光柵148上的光150耦接到光導器140中，使得光的一部分（亦即在154處指示的R1光）由於全內反射而在xz平面上在光導器中側向前行。由於全內反射而在光導器140中側向前行的光最後被光提取器提取出光導器140。光的其餘部分包括在152處指示的R0光及在156處指示的T0光。T0光156穿過玻璃板141的第二表面144，而R0光152被反射回玻璃板141的第一表面142。As shown in FIG. 3B, the reflection grating 148 is a linear grating including a plurality of lines parallel to the y-axis. As shown in FIG. 3C, the transmission grating 146 is also a linear grating including a plurality of lines parallel to the y-axis. In one example, the lines of the transmission grating 146 and the lines of the reflection grating 148 are parallel to each other within about 10 °. The transmission grating 146 couples the light 150 incident on the transmission grating 146 into the light guide 140 such that a part of the light (ie, T1 light indicated at 158) is on the side of the light guide in the xz plane due to total internal reflection move forward. The reflection grating 148 couples the light 150 incident on the reflection grating 148 into the light guide 140 so that a part of the light (ie, R1 light indicated at 154) is on the side of the light guide in the xz plane due to total internal reflection move forward. The light traveling forward in the light guide 140 due to total internal reflection is finally extracted by the light extractor out of the light guide 140. The remainder of the light includes the R0 light indicated at 152 and the T0 light indicated at 156. The TO light 156 passes through the second surface 144 of the glass plate 141, and the RO light 152 is reflected back to the first surface 142 of the glass plate 141.

圖4A-4C示意性地描繪包括透射光柵166及反射光柵168的光導器160的另一示例。圖4A是光導器160的側視圖，圖4B是反射光柵168的俯視圖，而圖4C是透射光柵166的仰視圖。光導器160包括具有第一表面162及與第一表面162相反的第二表面164的玻璃板161。光導器160包括玻璃板161的第一表面162上的透射光柵166。光導器160包括玻璃板161的第二表面164上的反射光柵168。透射光柵166在z軸方向上與反射光柵168對準。在其他示例中，光導器160包括具有一定圖案的透射光柵166及具有一定圖案的反射光柵168，例如玻璃板161的第一表面162上的透射光柵166的2D陣列及玻璃板161的第二表面164上的反射光柵168的2D陣列，其中各個透射光柵在z軸方向上與反射光柵對準。光導器160亦包括具有一定圖案的光提取器（未示出），將例如參照圖5在下文描述該光提取器圖案。光提取器圖案是在玻璃板161的第一表面162或第二表面164上的。4A-4C schematically depict another example of a light guide 160 including a transmission grating 166 and a reflection grating 168. FIG. 4A is a side view of the light guide 160, FIG. 4B is a top view of the reflection grating 168, and FIG. 4C is a bottom view of the transmission grating 166. The light guide 160 includes a glass plate 161 having a first surface 162 and a second surface 164 opposite to the first surface 162. The light guide 160 includes a transmission grating 166 on a first surface 162 of the glass plate 161. The light guide 160 includes a reflection grating 168 on the second surface 164 of the glass plate 161. The transmission grating 166 is aligned with the reflection grating 168 in the z-axis direction. In other examples, the light guide 160 includes a transmission grating 166 with a certain pattern and a reflection grating 168 with a certain pattern, such as a 2D array of the transmission grating 166 on the first surface 162 of the glass plate 161 and the second surface of the glass plate 161 A 2D array of reflection gratings 168 on 164, where each transmission grating is aligned with the reflection grating in the z-axis direction. The light guide 160 also includes a light extractor (not shown) having a pattern, which will be described below with reference to FIG. 5, for example. The light extractor pattern is on the first surface 162 or the second surface 164 of the glass plate 161.

如圖4B中所示，反射光柵168是包括與x軸平行的複數條線的線性光柵。如圖4C中所示，透射光柵166是包括與y軸平行的複數條線的線性光柵。在一個示例中，透射光柵166的線及反射光柵168的線在約10°內彼此正交。透射光柵166將入射於透射光柵166上的光170耦接到光導器160中，使得光的一部分（亦即在178處指示的T1光）由於全內反射而在xz平面上在光導器中側向前行。反射光柵168將入射於反射光柵168上的光170耦接到光導器160中，使得光的一部分（亦即在174處指示的R1光）由於全內反射而在yz平面上在光導器中側向前行（由虛線指示）。由於全內反射而在光導器160中側向前行的光最後被光提取器提取出光導器160。光的其餘部分包括在172處指示的R0光及在176處指示的T0光。T0光176穿過玻璃板161的第二表面164，而R0光172被反射回玻璃板161的第一表面162。As shown in FIG. 4B, the reflection grating 168 is a linear grating including a plurality of lines parallel to the x-axis. As shown in FIG. 4C, the transmission grating 166 is a linear grating including a plurality of lines parallel to the y-axis. In one example, the lines of the transmission grating 166 and the lines of the reflection grating 168 are orthogonal to each other within about 10 °. The transmission grating 166 couples the light 170 incident on the transmission grating 166 into the light guide 160 so that a part of the light (ie, T1 light indicated at 178) is on the side of the light guide in the xz plane due to total internal reflection move forward. The reflection grating 168 couples the light 170 incident on the reflection grating 168 into the light guide 160 so that a part of the light (ie, R1 light indicated at 174) is in the light guide on the yz plane due to total internal reflection Go forward (indicated by the dotted line). The light traveling forward in the light guide 160 due to total internal reflection is finally extracted by the light extractor 160 out of the light guide 160. The remainder of the light includes the R0 light indicated at 172 and the T0 light indicated at 176. The TO light 176 passes through the second surface 164 of the glass plate 161 and the RO light 172 is reflected back to the first surface 162 of the glass plate 161.

圖5繪示光提取器220的示例性圖案。光提取器220的圖案是用於個別的單元塊，該單元塊具有如在222處所指示的單元長度L₀ 及如在224處所指示的單元寬度W₀ 。所描繪的單元塊的中心X與下方安置有光源的區域對應。如將在下文參照圖7A所描述的，各個光源可包括所描繪的單元塊。一般而言，光提取特徵的密度隨著距中心X的距離而增加。在某些示例中，光提取特徵可被圖案化為形成格柵，其中中心區域X及從中心正交延伸的區域Y的光提取特徵較為稀少，而角落區域Z的光提取特徵較為稠密。在其他示例中，可視情況使用其他的光提取特徵圖案來產生所需的光輸出分佈。FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary pattern of the light extractor 220. The pattern of the light extractor 220 is for an individual unit block having a unit length L ₀ as indicated at 222 and a unit width W ₀ as indicated at 224. The center X of the drawn unit block corresponds to an area where a light source is disposed below. As will be described below with reference to FIG. 7A, each light source may include the depicted unit block. In general, the density of light extraction features increases with distance from the center X. In some examples, the light extraction features may be patterned to form a grid, where the light extraction features of the central region X and the region Y extending orthogonally from the center are relatively rare, while the light extraction features of the corner region Z are denser. In other examples, other light extraction feature patterns may be used as appropriate to produce the desired light output distribution.

可使用任何合適的方法來處理光導板以產生光提取特徵。在一個示例中，光提取特徵可為塗有高度散射塗料的表面區域、雷射破壞區域及/或微光學特徵（例如在玻璃表面上由塑膠或另一玻璃形成的稜鏡或透鏡）。在另一示例中，可藉由蝕刻光導板的表面來形成光提取特徵。可變化蝕刻的參數以達成所需的光提取特徵。The light guide plate can be processed using any suitable method to produce light extraction features. In one example, the light extraction feature may be a surface area coated with a highly scattering paint, a laser-damaged area, and / or a micro-optical feature (such as a plutonium or lens formed of plastic or another glass on a glass surface). In another example, light extraction features may be formed by etching the surface of a light guide plate. The parameters of the etch can be varied to achieve the desired light extraction characteristics.

圖6示意性地描繪背光300的一個示例。在一個示例中，背光300是直接發光的2D可本端調光背光。背光300包括底部反射器302、複數個光源304、玻璃光導器310及圖案化反射器320。底部反射器302包括反射材料，例如金屬或另一合適的材料。該複數個光源304被佈置在底部反射器302與玻璃光導器310之間而呈2D陣列，且具有305處指示的間距。在一個示例中，各個光源304包括LED或另一合適的光源。FIG. 6 schematically depicts one example of the backlight 300. In one example, the backlight 300 is a directly-lit 2D locally dimmable backlight. The backlight 300 includes a bottom reflector 302, a plurality of light sources 304, a glass light guide 310, and a patterned reflector 320. The bottom reflector 302 includes a reflective material, such as metal or another suitable material. The plurality of light sources 304 are arranged in a 2D array between the bottom reflector 302 and the glass light guide 310 and have a pitch indicated at 305. In one example, each light source 304 includes an LED or another suitable light source.

光導器310包括具有第一表面312及與第一表面312相反的第二表面314的玻璃板311。光導器310在玻璃板311的第一表面312上包括具有一定圖案的第一（例如透射）光柵316（例如第一光柵316的2D陣列）。光導器310在玻璃板311的第二表面314上包括具有一定圖案的第二（例如反射）光柵318（例如第二光柵318的2D陣列）。各個光源304在垂直方向上與第一光源316對準，而各個第一光柵316在垂直方向上與對應的第二光柵318對準。光導器310亦包括具有一定圖案的光提取器（未示出）（舉例而言，例如上文參照圖5所描述的光提取器圖案）。光提取器圖案是在玻璃板311的第一表面312或第二表面314上的。The light guide 310 includes a glass plate 311 having a first surface 312 and a second surface 314 opposite to the first surface 312. The light guide 310 includes a first (eg, transmissive) grating 316 (eg, a 2D array of the first grating 316) having a certain pattern on the first surface 312 of the glass plate 311. The light guide 310 includes a second (eg, reflective) grating 318 (eg, a 2D array of the second grating 318) having a certain pattern on the second surface 314 of the glass plate 311. Each light source 304 is aligned with the first light source 316 in the vertical direction, and each first grating 316 is aligned with the corresponding second grating 318 in the vertical direction. The light guide 310 also includes a light extractor (not shown) having a certain pattern (for example, the light extractor pattern described above with reference to FIG. 5). The light extractor pattern is on the first surface 312 or the second surface 314 of the glass plate 311.

圖案化反射器320包括了第一（亦即反射）區域325（由圖案化反射器320內的白色區域所指示）及與各個光源304對準的第二（亦即透明）區域326a、326b及326c（統稱為第二區域326，且由圖案化反射器320內的黑色區域所指示）。第一區域325較第二區域326更具反射性，而第二區域326較第一區域325更具透射性。第二區域326在x軸方向上在尺寸上變化，如由較小的326a子區域、較大的326b子區域及又更大的326c子區域所指示的。在此示例中，在光導器310與圖案化反射器320之間存在氣隙。在其他示例中，可例如藉由在玻璃板311的第二表面314上使用圖案化的金屬層或多層介電塗料，來將圖案化反射器320與光導器310整體式地整合在一起。The patterned reflector 320 includes a first (ie, reflective) area 325 (indicated by the white area within the patterned reflector 320) and second (ie, transparent) areas 326a, 326b, and 326c (collectively referred to as the second area 326 and indicated by the black area within the patterned reflector 320). The first region 325 is more reflective than the second region 326, and the second region 326 is more transmissive than the first region 325. The second region 326 varies in size in the x-axis direction, as indicated by the smaller 326a subregion, the larger 326b subregion, and the larger 326c subregion. In this example, there is an air gap between the light guide 310 and the patterned reflector 320. In other examples, the patterned reflector 320 and the light guide 310 may be integrally integrated, for example, by using a patterned metal layer or a multilayer dielectric coating on the second surface 314 of the glass plate 311.

從各個光源304所發射的光的至少一部分藉由光柵316及318耦接到光導器310中且藉由全內反射側向傳播。從各個光源304所發射的光的另一部分由於底部反射器302及圖案化反射器320處的反射而在底部反射器302與圖案化反射器320之間側向傳播。330處指示的射線R1透射通過透明區域326a，而332處指示的射線R2首先被反射區域325反射，接著被底部反射器302反射，且最終穿過圖案化反射器320的透明區域326b。334處指示的射線R3由於全內反射而在光導器310內側向傳播，且接著被光提取器圖案從光導器310提取，且最終穿過圖案化反射器320的透明區域326c。At least a portion of the light emitted from each light source 304 is coupled into the light guide 310 by the gratings 316 and 318 and propagates laterally by total internal reflection. Another portion of the light emitted from each light source 304 propagates laterally between the bottom reflector 302 and the patterned reflector 320 due to reflections at the bottom reflector 302 and the patterned reflector 320. The ray R1 indicated at 330 is transmitted through the transparent area 326a, and the ray R2 indicated at 332 is first reflected by the reflection area 325, then reflected by the bottom reflector 302, and finally passes through the transparent area 326b of the patterned reflector 320. The ray R3 indicated at 334 propagates inside the light guide 310 due to total internal reflection, and is then extracted from the light guide 310 by the light extractor pattern, and finally passes through the transparent area 326 c of the patterned reflector 320.

像是R3 334的射線可在圖案化反射器320與底部反射器302之間多重反射的期間在不遭受損耗的情況下側向前行較長的距離。雖然像是R3 334的射線經歷了光導器310的內部吸收，但內部吸收是相對小的，因為背光300中的LED間距305在一個示例中小於約150 mm而在另一示例中小於約80 mm。像是R3 334的射線在它們被提取出光導器310之前前行約LED間距305的一半。在一個示例中，合適的光導器310在450 nm、550 nm及650 nm下具有不小於98%的超過75 mm的內部透射。可使用康寧公司的Iris^TM 玻璃來製造一個此類的合適光導器。玻璃光導器相較於由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）製作的光導器而言可具有較高的熱穩定性及較高的機械穩定性。A ray such as R3 334 can travel sideways to a longer distance without suffering losses during multiple reflections between the patterned reflector 320 and the bottom reflector 302. Although the radiation like R3 334 has experienced internal absorption by the light guide 310, the internal absorption is relatively small because the LED pitch 305 in the backlight 300 is less than about 150 mm in one example and less than about 80 mm in another example. . Rays like R3 334 travel about half the LED pitch 305 before they are extracted out of the light guide 310. In one example, a suitable light guide 310 has an internal transmission of more than 75 mm at 450 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm of not less than 98%. One such suitable light guide can be made using Corning's Iris ^(TM) glass. Compared with light guides made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), glass light guides can have higher thermal stability and higher mechanical stability.

底部反射器302與圖案化反射器320之間的光學距離由340指示。藉由使用光導器310且其中來自各個LED 304的光通過光柵而被耦接到光導器中，光學距離340可跟光導器310的厚度一樣小。光導器310的厚度可例如是在約0.1 mm與2 mm之間的範圍內。The optical distance between the bottom reflector 302 and the patterned reflector 320 is indicated by 340. By using the light guide 310 and in which light from each LED 304 is coupled into the light guide through a grating, the optical distance 340 may be as small as the thickness of the light guide 310. The thickness of the light guide 310 may be, for example, in a range between about 0.1 mm and 2 mm.

圖7A-11繪示了用於製造顯示器的示例性方法。圖7A是用於製造顯示器的示例性第一子組件400的俯視圖，而圖7B是該第一子組件的側視圖。第一子組件400是藉由將複數個LED 404附接到印刷電路板（PCB）402來製造的。LED 404被佈置而呈2D陣列，其中各個LED 404具有個別的單元塊410，該單元塊具有如412處所指示的單元長度L₀ 及如414處所指示的單元寬度W₀ 。在一個示例中，各個單元塊410界定了光導器的各個光提取器圖案（例如先前參照圖5所描述及繪示的光提取器圖案220）將與各個LED 404垂直對準之處。7A-11 illustrate an exemplary method for manufacturing a display. FIG. 7A is a top view of an exemplary first subassembly 400 for manufacturing a display, and FIG. 7B is a side view of the first subassembly. The first subassembly 400 is manufactured by attaching a plurality of LEDs 404 to a printed circuit board (PCB) 402. The LEDs 404 are arranged in a 2D array, where each LED 404 has an individual cell block 410 having a cell length L ₀ as indicated at 412 and a cell width W ₀ as indicated at 414. In one example, each unit block 410 defines where each light extractor pattern of the light guide (such as the light extractor pattern 220 previously described and illustrated with reference to FIG. 5) will be vertically aligned with each LED 404.

圖8A是用於製造顯示器的示例性第二子組件420的俯視圖，而圖8B是該第二子組件的側視圖。第二子組件420是藉由將底部反射器422施用於先前參照圖7A-7B所描述及繪示的第一子組件400的該複數個LED 404之間的PCB 402來製造的。底部反射器422可包括金屬材料或另一合適的反射材料。FIG. 8A is a top view of an exemplary second subassembly 420 for manufacturing a display, and FIG. 8B is a side view of the second subassembly. The second sub-assembly 420 is manufactured by applying a bottom reflector 422 to the PCB 402 between the plurality of LEDs 404 of the first sub-assembly 400 previously described and illustrated with reference to FIGS. 7A-7B. The bottom reflector 422 may include a metallic material or another suitable reflective material.

圖9A是用於製造顯示器的示例性第三子組件430的俯視圖，而圖9B是該第三子組件的側視圖。第三子組件430是藉由將光導板432施用在先前參照圖8A-8B所描述及繪示的第二子組件420的該複數個LED 404上方來製造的。光導板432如先前於本文中例如參照圖1A-5所描述地包括底面及頂面、底面或頂面上的具有一定圖案的光提取器、及底面及/或頂面上的具有一定圖案的光柵。FIG. 9A is a top view of an exemplary third subassembly 430 for manufacturing a display, and FIG. 9B is a side view of the third subassembly. The third sub-assembly 430 is manufactured by applying a light guide plate 432 over the plurality of LEDs 404 of the second sub-assembly 420 previously described and illustrated with reference to FIGS. 8A-8B. The light guide plate 432 includes, as previously described herein, for example, with reference to FIGS. 1A-5, a patterned light extractor on the bottom and top surfaces, or the bottom or top surface, and a patterned Raster.

圖10A是用於製造顯示器的示例性第四子組件440的俯視圖，而圖10B是該第四子組件的側視圖。第四子組件440是藉由將圖案化反射器442施用在先前參照圖9A-9B所描述及繪示的第三子組件430的光導板432上方來製造的。圖案化反射器442包括由黑點所指示的第一區域444及由黑點之間的連續白色空間所指示的第二區域446。在一個示例中，由第一區域444及第二區域446所提供的圖案被分割成先前參照圖7A所描述及繪示的個別單元塊410。第一區域444較第二區域446透明，而第二區域446較第一區域444更具反射性。第一區域444（例如點）的面密度在圖案化反射器442的平面上變化。第一區域444在LED 404的正上方具有最低的面密度，且在單元塊之間的角落處具有最高的面密度。可藉由點的數量、點的尺寸或其組合來變化第一區域444的面密度。第一區域444的面密度上的變化可被設計為在光穿過圖案化反射器442之後提供均勻的照明分佈。可不規則地安置點以最小化圖案可見度。在一個示例中，點的尺寸可以在約5 µm與5000 µm之間的的範圍中。點可以是圓形、矩形或任何其他合適的形狀。FIG. 10A is a top view of an exemplary fourth subassembly 440 for manufacturing a display, and FIG. 10B is a side view of the fourth subassembly. The fourth sub-assembly 440 is manufactured by applying a patterned reflector 442 over the light guide plate 432 of the third sub-assembly 430 previously described and illustrated with reference to FIGS. 9A-9B. The patterned reflector 442 includes a first region 444 indicated by a black dot and a second region 446 indicated by a continuous white space between the black dots. In one example, the patterns provided by the first region 444 and the second region 446 are divided into individual unit blocks 410 previously described and illustrated with reference to FIG. 7A. The first region 444 is more transparent than the second region 446, and the second region 446 is more reflective than the first region 444. The areal density of the first region 444 (eg, a dot) varies on the plane of the patterned reflector 442. The first region 444 has the lowest areal density directly above the LED 404 and has the highest areal density at the corners between the unit blocks. The areal density of the first region 444 may be changed by the number of dots, the size of the dots, or a combination thereof. The change in the areal density of the first region 444 may be designed to provide a uniform illumination distribution after light passes through the patterned reflector 442. Points can be placed irregularly to minimize pattern visibility. In one example, the size of the dots can be in a range between about 5 µm and 5000 µm. The points can be circular, rectangular, or any other suitable shape.

圖11示意性地描繪示例性顯示器450。顯示器450是藉由將擴散板452施用於先前參照圖10A-10B所描述及繪示的第四子組件440的圖案化反射器442上方及將量子點膜454施用於擴散板452上方來製造的。顯示器450的製造更包括以下步驟：將稜鏡膜456施用於量子點膜454上方，將反射偏振器458施用於稜鏡膜456上方，及將顯示面板460施用於反射偏振器458上方。FIG. 11 schematically depicts an exemplary display 450. The display 450 is manufactured by applying a diffusion plate 452 over the patterned reflector 442 of the fourth sub-assembly 440 previously described and illustrated with reference to FIGS. 10A-10B and a quantum dot film 454 over the diffusion plate 452 . The manufacturing of the display 450 further includes the following steps: applying a rubidium film 456 over the quantum dot film 454, applying a reflective polarizer 458 over the rubble film 456, and applying a display panel 460 over the reflective polarizer 458.

圖12A繪示示例性圓形光柵500。圓形光柵500包括複數個巢套圓圈502，該複數個巢套圓圈在光柵的邊緣處包括部分的圓圈。在一個示例中，圖1A、2A、3A及4A的透射光柵中的各者及反射光柵中的各者可為圓形光柵。FIG. 12A illustrates an exemplary circular grating 500. The circular grating 500 includes a plurality of nested circles 502, which include a portion of a circle at an edge of the grating. In one example, each of the transmission gratings and the reflection gratings of FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A may be circular gratings.

圖12B繪示示例性橢圓形光柵510。橢圓形光柵510包括複數個巢套橢圓512，該複數個巢套橢圓在光柵的邊緣處包括部分的橢圓。在一個示例中，圖1A、2A、3A及4A的透射光柵中的各者及反射光柵中的各者可為橢圓形光柵。在其他的示例中，圖1A、2A、3A及4A的透射光柵中的各者及反射光柵中的各者可具有其他合適的形狀。FIG. 12B illustrates an exemplary elliptical grating 510. The elliptical grating 510 includes a plurality of nested ellipses 512, the plurality of nested ellipses including a partial ellipse at the edges of the grating. In one example, each of the transmission gratings and the reflection gratings of FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A may be elliptical gratings. In other examples, each of the transmission gratings and the reflection gratings of FIGS. 1A, 2A, 3A, and 4A may have other suitable shapes.

合適的光柵具有小於光源的波長λ及大於λ(ng-1)的間距，其中ng是玻璃光導板的折射率。光柵的間距小於λ(ng-1)，使得第一階繞射存在。光柵的間距小於λ，使得等於0°的入射角的第一階繞射滿足全內反射的條件。注意，在這些條件下，對於在與光柵的線平行的平面中入射的光而言，第一階的反射或透射光符合全內反射的條件而與入射角無關。對於在與光柵的線垂直的平面中入射的光而言，第一階射線（對於透射光柵來說是T1及T-1，或對於反射光柵來說是R1及R-1）中的一者取決於入射角而符合全內反射的條件或消失。第一階射線中的另一者可或可不符合全內反射的條件。即使射線不經歷全內反射，該等射線仍被側向重新導向而遠離光源。此部分的光可如圖6中所示地由於底部反射器與圖案化反射器之間的多重反射而側向前行。對於透射光柵而言，來自第一階繞射的側向耦接效率對於等於0°的入射角而言約為50%。對於反射光柵而言，來自第一階繞射的側向耦接效率對於等於0°的入射角而言約為67%。為了強化側向繞射效率，可使用兩個光柵，一個光柵在光導器的底部上，而另一個光柵在光導器的頂部上。A suitable grating has a pitch smaller than the wavelength λ of the light source and greater than λ (ng-1), where ng is the refractive index of the glass light guide plate. The pitch of the grating is smaller than λ (ng-1), so that the first-order diffraction exists. The pitch of the gratings is less than λ, so that the first-order diffraction of the incident angle equal to 0 ° satisfies the condition of total internal reflection. Note that under these conditions, for light incident in a plane parallel to the line of the grating, the first-order reflected or transmitted light meets the conditions of total internal reflection regardless of the angle of incidence. For light incident in a plane perpendicular to the line of the grating, one of the first-order rays (T1 and T-1 for a transmission grating, or R1 and R-1 for a reflection grating) Depending on the angle of incidence, the conditions for total internal reflection are met or disappear. The other of the first order rays may or may not meet the conditions of total internal reflection. Even if the rays do not experience total internal reflection, they are still redirected sideways away from the light source. This portion of the light may travel sideways forward as shown in FIG. 6 due to multiple reflections between the bottom reflector and the patterned reflector. For a transmission grating, the lateral coupling efficiency from the first-order diffraction is about 50% for an incident angle equal to 0 °. For a reflective grating, the lateral coupling efficiency from the first-order diffraction is about 67% for an incident angle equal to 0 °. To enhance lateral diffraction efficiency, two gratings can be used, one on the bottom of the light guide and the other on the top of the light guide.

圖13A示意性地描繪示例性光柵600。在此示例中，光柵600是線性二元光柵，該線性二元光柵包括基板602及從基板602延伸的複數條平行線604。光柵600的各條線604具有606處指示的間距、608處指示的寬度及610處指示的厚度。雖然圖13A中繪示了四條線604，但光柵600可包括任何合適數量的平行線604。光柵佔空比被界定為光柵寬度608除以光柵間距606。光柵600的表面剖面可以是方形或矩形。若要使用光柵的區具有與寬度不同的長度，則矩形表面剖面可更均勻地傳播光。FIG. 13A schematically depicts an exemplary grating 600. In this example, the grating 600 is a linear binary grating including a substrate 602 and a plurality of parallel lines 604 extending from the substrate 602. Each line 604 of the grating 600 has a pitch indicated at 606, a width indicated at 608, and a thickness indicated at 610. Although four lines 604 are illustrated in FIG. 13A, the grating 600 may include any suitable number of parallel lines 604. Grating duty cycle is defined as the grating width 608 divided by the grating pitch 606. The surface section of the grating 600 may be square or rectangular. If the area where the grating is used has a different length than the width, the rectangular surface profile can spread light more uniformly.

圖13B繪示圖13A的光柵600對於光線的響應620的一個示例。具有波向量k、P偏振電場E1及S偏振電場E2的光線用入射極角θ及方位角ϕ射在光柵上。在ϕ = 0°時，入射平面與光柵的線垂直。在ϕ = 90°時，入射平面與光柵的線平行。在α = 0°時，射線具有S偏振（TE）。在α = 90°時，射線具有P偏振（TM）。在β = 0°時，射線是線性偏振的。在β = ±45°時，射線是圓形偏振的。FIG. 13B illustrates an example of the response 620 of the grating 600 of FIG. 13A to light. The light rays having the wave vector k, the P-polarized electric field E1, and the S-polarized electric field E2 are irradiated on the grating with the incident pole angle θ and the azimuth angle. At ϕ = 0 °, the plane of incidence is perpendicular to the line of the grating. At ϕ = 90 °, the plane of incidence is parallel to the line of the grating. At α = 0 °, the ray has S polarization (TE). At α = 90 °, the rays have P polarization (TM). At β = 0 °, the rays are linearly polarized. At β = ± 45 °, the rays are circularly polarized.

圖14針對未偏振的正向入射光針對透射光柵的一個示例繪示繞射效率對上光柵厚度。在此示例中，透射光柵被設計為用於476 nm的波長且具有0.47 µm的間距及50%的光柵佔空比。繞射效率是藉由選定最佳的光柵厚度及佔空比來最大化的。如圖14中所示，在此示例中，T1+T-1的最大繞射效率在光柵厚度約為0.30 µm時約為50%。對於約40%與60%之間的範圍內的佔空比維持了T1+T-1的類似最大繞射效率。在佔空比減少到小於約40%時，T1+T-1的繞射效率減少到使得在20%的佔空比下，T1+T-1的繞射效率小於約40%。在佔空比增加到大於約60%時，T1+T-1的繞射效率減少到使得在80%的佔空比下，T1+T-1的繞射效率小於約30%。FIG. 14 illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the grating thickness for an example of unpolarized forward incident light for a transmission grating. In this example, the transmission grating is designed for a wavelength of 476 nm with a pitch of 0.47 µm and a 50% grating duty cycle. Diffraction efficiency is maximized by selecting the optimal grating thickness and duty cycle. As shown in Fig. 14, in this example, the maximum diffraction efficiency of T1 + T-1 is about 50% at a grating thickness of about 0.30 µm. A similar maximum diffraction efficiency of T1 + T-1 is maintained for duty cycles in the range between about 40% and 60%. When the duty cycle is reduced to less than about 40%, the diffraction efficiency of T1 + T-1 is reduced to such that at a duty cycle of 20%, the diffraction efficiency of T1 + T-1 is less than about 40%. When the duty cycle is increased to greater than about 60%, the diffraction efficiency of T1 + T-1 is reduced to such that at 80% duty cycle, the diffraction efficiency of T1 + T-1 is less than about 30%.

圖15針對未偏振的正向入射光針對反射光柵的一個示例繪示繞射效率對上光柵厚度。在此示例中，反射光柵是由鋁製作的被設計為用於476 nm的波長且具有0.47 µm的間距及50%的光柵佔空比。在其他示例中，反射光柵可由具有交替的低及高折射率的介電材料（例如SiO₂ 及TiO₂ ）的堆疊製作。繞射效率是藉由選定最佳的光柵厚度及佔空比來最大化的。如圖15中所示，在此示例中，R1+R-1的最大繞射效率在光柵厚度約為0.15 µm時約為70%。對於約40%與60%之間的範圍內的佔空比維持了R1+R-1的類似最大繞射效率。在佔空比減少到小於約40%時，R1+R-1的繞射效率減少到使得在20%的佔空比下，R1+R-1的繞射效率小於約30%。在佔空比增加到大於約60%時，R1+R-1的繞射效率減少到使得在80%的佔空比下，R1+R-1的繞射效率小於約40%。FIG. 15 illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the grating thickness for an example of unpolarized forward incident light for a reflective grating. In this example, the reflective grating is made of aluminum and is designed for a wavelength of 476 nm with a pitch of 0.47 µm and a 50% grating duty cycle. In other examples, the reflective grating can be made from a stack of dielectric materials (such as SiO ₂ and TiO ₂ ) with alternating low and high refractive indices. Diffraction efficiency is maximized by selecting the optimal grating thickness and duty cycle. As shown in Fig. 15, in this example, the maximum diffraction efficiency of R1 + R-1 is about 70% at a grating thickness of about 0.15 µm. A similar maximum diffraction efficiency of R1 + R-1 is maintained for a duty cycle in the range between about 40% and 60%. When the duty cycle is reduced to less than about 40%, the diffraction efficiency of R1 + R-1 is reduced to such that at a duty cycle of 20%, the diffraction efficiency of R1 + R-1 is less than about 30%. When the duty cycle is increased to more than about 60%, the diffraction efficiency of R1 + R-1 is reduced to such that at 80% duty cycle, the diffraction efficiency of R1 + R-1 is less than about 40%.

在佔空比過高時，R0不合需要地過高。例如，在佔空比約為80%時，R0大於約80%。在佔空比過低時，T0不合需要地過高。例如，在佔空比約為20%時，T0大於約50%。在佔空比是在約40%與60%之間的範圍內時，T0及R0兩者是低的，而所需的R1+R-1是高的。例如，在佔空比為55%時，對於具有大於約0.23 µm的厚度的光柵而言，R1+R-1大於60%。在佔空比為53%時，對於具有約0.21 µm與0.60 µm之間的範圍內的厚度的光柵而言，R1+R-1大於60%。When the duty cycle is too high, R0 is undesirably too high. For example, at a duty cycle of about 80%, R0 is greater than about 80%. When the duty cycle is too low, T0 is undesirably too high. For example, at a duty cycle of about 20%, T0 is greater than about 50%. When the duty cycle is in a range between about 40% and 60%, both T0 and R0 are low, and the required R1 + R-1 is high. For example, at a duty cycle of 55%, for a grating with a thickness greater than about 0.23 µm, R1 + R-1 is greater than 60%. At a duty cycle of 53%, for a grating with a thickness in the range between about 0.21 µm and 0.60 µm, R1 + R-1 is greater than 60%.

圖16A-16B示意性地描繪包括透射光柵702的示例性光導器700，其中入射光的方位角ϕ等於90°。圖16A是光導器700的側視圖，而圖16B是透射光柵702的仰視圖。在此示例中，透射光柵702被設計為用於476 nm的波長且具有0.47 µm的間距、0.29 µm的厚度及45%的光柵佔空比。如圖16A中所示，在方位角ϕ = 90°時，T1及T-1兩者具有相同的繞射效率且符合全內反射的條件，無論入射極角θ。因此，T1及T-1兩者可前行長距離。16A-16B schematically depict an exemplary light guide 700 including a transmission grating 702, where the azimuth angle of incident light 入射 is equal to 90 °. FIG. 16A is a side view of the light guide 700, and FIG. 16B is a bottom view of the transmission grating 702. In this example, the transmission grating 702 is designed for a wavelength of 476 nm and has a pitch of 0.47 µm, a thickness of 0.29 µm, and a grating duty cycle of 45%. As shown in FIG. 16A, when the azimuth angle ϕ = 90 °, both T1 and T-1 have the same diffraction efficiency and meet the conditions of total internal reflection, regardless of the incident pole angle θ. Therefore, both T1 and T-1 can travel a long distance.

圖16C繪示繞射效率對上入射極角θ，其中圖16A-16B的示例透射光柵的方位角ϕ等於90°。在此示例中，T1+T-1的最大繞射效率在θ約為15°時約為60%。FIG. 16C illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the upper incident pole angle θ, where the azimuth angle ϕ of the example transmission grating of FIGS. 16A-16B is equal to 90 °. In this example, the maximum diffraction efficiency of T1 + T-1 is about 60% at θ of about 15 °.

圖17A-17B示意性地描繪包括透射光柵722的示例性光導器720，其中入射光的方位角ϕ等於0°。圖17A是光導器720的側視圖，而圖17B是透射光柵722的仰視圖。在此示例中，透射光柵722被設計為用於476 nm的波長且具有0.47 µm的間距、0.29 µm的厚度及45%的光柵佔空比。在方位角ϕ = 0°時，T1取決於入射極角θ而符合全內反射的條件或穿過光導器720。T-1亦可不符合全內反射的條件。在任何情況下，T及T-1都被側向重新導向遠離光源。17A-17B schematically depict an exemplary light guide 720 including a transmission grating 722, where the azimuth angle 入射 of incident light is equal to 0 °. FIG. 17A is a side view of the light guide 720, and FIG. 17B is a bottom view of the transmission grating 722. In this example, the transmission grating 722 is designed for a wavelength of 476 nm and has a pitch of 0.47 µm, a thickness of 0.29 µm, and a grating duty cycle of 45%. At the azimuth angle ϕ = 0 °, T1 depends on the incident pole angle θ and meets the conditions of total internal reflection or passes through the light guide 720. T-1 may not meet the conditions of total internal reflection. In any case, T and T-1 are laterally redirected away from the light source.

圖17C繪示繞射效率對上入射極角θ，其中圖17A-17B的示例透射光柵的方位角ϕ等於0°。在此示例中，T1+T+1的最大繞射效率在θ約為5°時約為50%。在將圖17C與圖16C進行比較時，注意，在極角θ小於60°時，T0大於40%，無論是否ϕ = 0°或90°。可藉由在光導器的頂部上包括反射光柵來抑制此效應。亦注意，在極角θ小於30°時，T0相較於在方位角ϕ = 90°的情況下而言在方位角ϕ = 0°的情況下是較大的。可藉由使用一種反射光柵來抑制此效應，該反射光柵的線與透射光柵的線正交。FIG. 17C illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the upper incident pole angle θ, where the azimuth angle ϕ of the example transmission grating of FIGS. 17A-17B is equal to 0 °. In this example, the maximum diffraction efficiency of T1 + T + 1 is about 50% at θ of about 5 °. When comparing FIG. 17C with FIG. 16C, note that when the polar angle θ is less than 60 °, T0 is greater than 40%, whether or not ϕ = 0 ° or 90 °. This effect can be suppressed by including a reflective grating on top of the light guide. It is also noted that when the polar angle θ is less than 30 °, T0 is larger than that in the case of azimuth ϕ = 0 ° in the case of azimuth ϕ = 90 °. This effect can be suppressed by using a reflection grating whose lines are orthogonal to the lines of the transmission grating.

圖18A-18B示意性地描繪包括反射光柵742的示例性光導器740，其中入射光的方位角ϕ等於90°。圖18A是光導器740的側視圖，而圖17B是反射光柵742的俯視圖。在此示例中，反射光柵742被設計為用於476 nm的波長且具有0.47 µm的間距、0.16 µm的厚度及50%的光柵佔空比。18A-18B schematically depict an exemplary light guide 740 including a reflection grating 742, where the azimuth angle 入射 of the incident light is equal to 90 °. FIG. 18A is a side view of the light guide 740, and FIG. 17B is a top view of the reflection grating 742. In this example, the reflective grating 742 is designed for a wavelength of 476 nm and has a pitch of 0.47 µm, a thickness of 0.16 µm, and a grating duty cycle of 50%.

圖18C繪示繞射效率對上入射極角θ，其中圖18A-18B的示例反射光柵的方位角ϕ等於90°。在此示例中，R1+R-1的最大繞射效率在θ約為0°時約為70%。FIG. 18C illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the upper incident pole angle θ, where the azimuth angle ϕ of the example reflection grating of FIGS. 18A-18B is equal to 90 °. In this example, the maximum diffraction efficiency of R1 + R-1 is about 70% when θ is about 0 °.

圖19A-19B示意性地描繪包括反射光柵762的示例性光導器760，其中入射光的方位角ϕ等於0°。圖19A是光導器760的側視圖，而圖19B是反射光柵762的俯視圖。在此示例中，反射光柵762被設計為用於476 nm的波長且具有0.47 µm的間距、0.16 µm的厚度及50%的光柵佔空比。19A-19B schematically depict an exemplary light guide 760 including a reflection grating 762, where the azimuth angle 入射 of incident light is equal to 0 °. FIG. 19A is a side view of the light guide 760, and FIG. 19B is a top view of the reflection grating 762. In this example, the reflection grating 762 is designed for a wavelength of 476 nm and has a pitch of 0.47 µm, a thickness of 0.16 µm, and a grating duty cycle of 50%.

圖19C繪示繞射效率對上入射極角θ，其中圖19A-19B的示例反射光柵的方位角ϕ等於0°。在此示例中，R1+R-1的最大繞射效率在θ約為0°時約為70%。FIG. 19C illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the upper incident pole angle θ, where the azimuth angle ϕ of the example reflection grating of FIGS. 19A-19B is equal to 0 °. In this example, the maximum diffraction efficiency of R1 + R-1 is about 70% when θ is about 0 °.

本文中所揭露的直接發光的背光相較於不包括光導器的直接發光的背光而言提供了改良的光效率。改良的光效率是藉由安置在LED上方的玻璃光導器來達成的。來自LED的光的至少一部分是藉由全內反射來在玻璃光導器中側向傳播的。全內反射是藉由玻璃光導器上的光柵來允許的，該等光柵用大於全內反射臨界角的角度將從LED所發射的正向入射光耦接到光導器中。The direct-lighting backlight disclosed herein provides improved light efficiency compared to a direct-lighting backlight that does not include a light guide. Improved light efficiency is achieved by a glass light guide placed above the LED. At least a portion of the light from the LED is propagated laterally in the glass light guide by total internal reflection. Total internal reflection is allowed by gratings on the glass light guide, which gratings couple the forward incident light emitted from the LED into the light guide with an angle greater than the critical angle of total internal reflection.

本領域中的技術人員將理解到，可在不脫離本揭示案的精神及範圍的情況下對本揭示案的實施例作出各種更改及變化。因此，本揭示案要涵蓋此類更改及變化，若該等更改及變化是在隨附請求項及它們的等效物的範圍內的話。Those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, this disclosure is intended to cover such alterations and changes, provided that such alterations and changes are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

100‧‧‧光導器100‧‧‧light guide

101‧‧‧玻璃板101‧‧‧ glass plate

102‧‧‧第一表面102‧‧‧first surface

104‧‧‧第二表面104‧‧‧Second surface

106‧‧‧透射光柵106‧‧‧ Transmission Grating

108‧‧‧光108‧‧‧light

110‧‧‧透射零階（T0）光110‧‧‧ Transmits zero-order (T0) light

112‧‧‧透射一階（T1）光112‧‧‧Transmitted first order (T1) light

120‧‧‧光導器120‧‧‧light guide

121‧‧‧玻璃板121‧‧‧ glass plate

122‧‧‧第一表面122‧‧‧first surface

124‧‧‧第二表面124‧‧‧Second surface

126‧‧‧反射光柵126‧‧‧Reflective Grating

128‧‧‧光128‧‧‧light

130‧‧‧反射零階（R0）光130‧‧‧Reflected zero-order (R0) light

132‧‧‧反射一階（R1）光132‧‧‧Reflects first-order (R1) light

134‧‧‧T0光134‧‧‧T0 light

140‧‧‧光導器140‧‧‧light guide

141‧‧‧玻璃板141‧‧‧glass plate

142‧‧‧第一表面142‧‧‧first surface

144‧‧‧第二表面144‧‧‧Second Surface

146‧‧‧透射光柵146‧‧‧Transmission Grating

148‧‧‧反射光柵148‧‧‧Reflective grating

150‧‧‧光150‧‧‧light

152‧‧‧R0光152‧‧‧R0 light

154‧‧‧R1光154‧‧‧R1 light

156‧‧‧T0光156‧‧‧T0 light

158‧‧‧T1光158‧‧‧T1 light

160‧‧‧反射光柵160‧‧‧Reflective grating

161‧‧‧玻璃板161‧‧‧glass plate

162‧‧‧第一表面162‧‧‧first surface

164‧‧‧第二表面164‧‧‧Second Surface

166‧‧‧透射光柵166‧‧‧Transmission Grating

168‧‧‧反射光柵168‧‧‧Reflective Grating

170‧‧‧光170‧‧‧light

172‧‧‧R0光172‧‧‧R0 light

174‧‧‧R1光174‧‧‧R1 light

176‧‧‧R0光176‧‧‧R0 light

178‧‧‧T1光178‧‧‧T1 light

220‧‧‧光提取器220‧‧‧light extractor

222‧‧‧單元長度222‧‧‧unit length

224‧‧‧單元寬度224‧‧‧unit width

300‧‧‧背光300‧‧‧ backlight

302‧‧‧底部反射器302‧‧‧ bottom reflector

304‧‧‧光源304‧‧‧light source

305‧‧‧間距305‧‧‧pitch

310‧‧‧玻璃光導器310‧‧‧Glass Light Guide

311‧‧‧玻璃板311‧‧‧glass plate

312‧‧‧第一表面312‧‧‧first surface

314‧‧‧第二表面314‧‧‧Second Surface

316‧‧‧第一光柵316‧‧‧The first grating

318‧‧‧第二光柵318‧‧‧ Second grating

320‧‧‧圖案化反射器320‧‧‧patterned reflector

325‧‧‧第一區域325‧‧‧Area 1

326a‧‧‧第二區域326a‧‧‧Second Zone

326b‧‧‧第二區域326b‧‧‧Second Zone

326c‧‧‧第二區域326c‧‧‧Second Zone

330‧‧‧射線R1330‧‧‧ray R1

332‧‧‧射線R2332‧‧‧ray R2

334‧‧‧射線R3334‧‧‧ray R3

340‧‧‧光學距離340‧‧‧Optical distance

400‧‧‧第一子組件400‧‧‧ the first sub-component

402‧‧‧印刷電路板（PCB）402‧‧‧Printed Circuit Board (PCB)

404‧‧‧LED404‧‧‧LED

410‧‧‧單元塊410‧‧‧unit block

412‧‧‧單元長度412‧‧‧unit length

414‧‧‧單元寬度414‧‧‧unit width

420‧‧‧第二子組件420‧‧‧Second sub-component

422‧‧‧底部反射器422‧‧‧ bottom reflector

430‧‧‧第三子組件430‧‧‧Third sub-component

432‧‧‧光導板432‧‧‧light guide

440‧‧‧第四子組件440‧‧‧Fourth sub-component

442‧‧‧圖案化反射器442‧‧‧patterned reflector

444‧‧‧第一區域444‧‧‧First Zone

446‧‧‧第一區域446‧‧‧First Zone

450‧‧‧顯示器450‧‧‧ Display

452‧‧‧顯示器452‧‧‧ Display

454‧‧‧量子點膜454‧‧‧ Quantum Dot Film

456‧‧‧稜鏡膜456‧‧‧ 稜鏡 film

458‧‧‧反射偏振器458‧‧‧Reflective Polarizer

460‧‧‧顯示面板460‧‧‧Display Panel

500‧‧‧圓形光柵500‧‧‧ circular grating

502‧‧‧巢套圓圈502‧‧‧ Nest Nest Circle

510‧‧‧橢圓形光柵510‧‧‧oval grating

512‧‧‧巢套橢圓512‧‧‧Nest nest oval

600‧‧‧光柵600‧‧‧ Grating

602‧‧‧光柵602‧‧‧Grating

604‧‧‧平行線604‧‧‧parallel

606‧‧‧間距606‧‧‧pitch

608‧‧‧間距608‧‧‧pitch

610‧‧‧厚度610‧‧‧thickness

620‧‧‧響應620‧‧‧ Response

700‧‧‧光導器700‧‧‧light guide

702‧‧‧透射光柵702‧‧‧ transmission grating

720‧‧‧光導器720‧‧‧light guide

722‧‧‧透射光柵722‧‧‧Transmission Grating

740‧‧‧光導器740‧‧‧light guide

742‧‧‧反射光柵742‧‧‧Reflective Grating

760‧‧‧光導器760‧‧‧light guide

762‧‧‧反射光柵762‧‧‧Reflective Grating

E1‧‧‧P偏振電場E1‧‧‧P polarization electric field

E2‧‧‧S偏振電場E2‧‧‧S polarization electric field

ϕ‧‧‧方位角ϕ‧‧‧azimuth

θ‧‧‧入射極角θ‧‧‧ incident pole angle

圖1A-1B示意性地描繪包括透射光柵的光導器的一個示例；1A-1B schematically depict one example of a light guide including a transmission grating;

圖2A-2B示意性地描繪包括反射光柵的光導器的一個示例；2A-2B schematically depict one example of a light guide including a reflective grating;

圖3A-3C示意性地描繪包括透射光柵及反射光柵的光導器的一個示例；3A-3C schematically depict one example of a light guide including a transmission grating and a reflection grating;

圖4A-4C示意性地描繪包括透射光柵及反射光柵的光導器的另一示例；4A-4C schematically depict another example of a light guide including a transmission grating and a reflection grating;

圖5繪示光提取器的圖案的一個示例；5 illustrates an example of a pattern of a light extractor;

圖6示意性地描繪背光的一個示例；FIG. 6 schematically depicts one example of a backlight;

圖7A-7B示意性地描繪用於製造顯示器的第一子組件的一個示例；7A-7B schematically depict one example of a first sub-assembly for manufacturing a display;

圖8A-8B示意性地描繪用於製造顯示器的第二子組件的一個示例；8A-8B schematically depict one example of a second subassembly for manufacturing a display;

圖9A-9B示意性地描繪用於製造顯示器的第三子組件的一個示例；9A-9B schematically depict one example of a third sub-assembly for manufacturing a display;

圖10A-10B示意性地描繪用於製造顯示器的第四子組件的一個示例；10A-10B schematically depict one example of a fourth sub-assembly for manufacturing a display;

圖11示意性地描繪顯示器的一個示例；FIG. 11 schematically depicts one example of a display;

圖12A-12B繪示光柵的示例；12A-12B illustrate examples of gratings;

圖13A示意性地描繪光柵的一個示例；FIG. 13A schematically depicts one example of a grating;

圖13B繪示圖13A的光柵對於光線的響應的一個示例；13B illustrates an example of the response of the grating of FIG. 13A to light;

圖14針對透射光柵的一個示例繪示繞射效率對上光柵厚度；FIG. 14 illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the grating thickness for an example of a transmission grating;

圖15針對反射光柵的一個示例繪示繞射效率對上光柵厚度；15 illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the grating thickness for an example of a reflective grating;

圖16A-16B示意性地描繪包括透射光柵的光導器的一個示例，其中入射光的方位角ϕ等於90°；16A-16B schematically depict an example of a light guide including a transmission grating, in which the azimuth angle 入射 of incident light is equal to 90 °;

圖16C繪示繞射效率對上入射極角θ，其中圖16A-16B的示例透射光柵的方位角ϕ等於90°；FIG. 16C illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the upper incident pole angle θ, where the azimuth angle ϕ of the example transmission grating of FIGS. 16A-16B is equal to 90 °;

圖17A-17B示意性地描繪包括透射光柵的光導器的一個示例，其中入射光的方位角ϕ等於0°；17A-17B schematically depict an example of a light guide including a transmission grating, in which the azimuth angle 入射 of incident light is equal to 0 °;

圖17C繪示繞射效率對上入射極角θ，其中圖17A-17B的示例透射光柵的方位角ϕ等於0°；FIG. 17C illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the upper incidence pole angle θ, where the azimuth angle ϕ of the example transmission grating of FIGS. 17A-17B is equal to 0 °;

圖18A-18B示意性地描繪包括反射光柵的光導器的一個示例，其中入射光的方位角ϕ等於90°；18A-18B schematically depict an example of a light guide including a reflection grating, in which the azimuth angle 入射 of incident light is equal to 90 °;

圖18C繪示繞射效率對上入射極角θ，其中圖18A-18B的示例反射光柵的方位角ϕ等於90°；FIG. 18C illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the upper incident pole angle θ, where the azimuth angle ϕ of the example reflection grating of FIGS. 18A-18B is equal to 90 °;

圖19A-19B示意性地描繪包括反射光柵的光導器的一個示例，其中入射光的方位角ϕ等於0°；19A-19B schematically depict an example of a light guide including a reflection grating, in which the azimuth angle 入射 of incident light is equal to 0 °;

圖19C繪示繞射效率對上入射極角θ，其中圖19A-19B的示例反射光柵的方位角ϕ等於0°。FIG. 19C illustrates the diffraction efficiency versus the upper incident pole angle θ, where the azimuth angle ϕ of the example reflection grating of FIGS. 19A-19B is equal to 0 °.

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Claims (20)

一種光導器，包括： 一玻璃板，具有一第一表面及與該第一表面相反的一第二表面； 具有一圖案的第一光柵，該第一光柵在該玻璃板的該第一表面上； 具有一圖案的第二光柵，該第二光柵在該玻璃板的該第二表面上，所述第二光柵中的各者與一第一光柵對準；及 具有一圖案的光提取器，該光提取器在該玻璃板的該第一表面或該第二表面上。A light guide includes: a glass plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first grating having a pattern on the first surface of the glass plate A second grating having a pattern on the second surface of the glass plate, each of the second grating is aligned with a first grating; and a light extractor having a pattern, The light extractor is on the first surface or the second surface of the glass plate. 如請求項1所述的光導器，其中所述第一光柵中的各者及所述第二光柵中的各者將光耦接到光導器中，使得該光的一部分在該光導器中側向前行且被該等光提取器提取出該光導器。The light guide of claim 1, wherein each of the first grating and each of the second grating couple light into the light guide such that a portion of the light is on a side of the light guide Go forward and the light guide is extracted by the light extractors. 如請求項1所述的光導器，其中所述第一光柵中的各者是包括第一線的一線性光柵，及 其中所述第二光柵中的各者是包括第二線的一線性光柵。The light guide of claim 1, wherein each of the first gratings is a linear grating including a first line, and each of the second gratings is a linear grating including a second line . 如請求項3所述的光導器，其中該等第一線與該等第二線平行。The light guide of claim 3, wherein the first lines are parallel to the second lines. 如請求項3所述的光導器，其中該等第一線與該等第二線正交。The light guide of claim 3, wherein the first lines are orthogonal to the second lines. 如請求項1所述的光導器，其中所述第一光柵中的各者是一圓形光柵或一橢圓形光柵，及 其中所述第二光柵中的各者是一圓形光柵或一橢圓形光柵。The light guide of claim 1, wherein each of the first gratings is a circular grating or an elliptical grating, and each of the second gratings is a circular grating or an ellipse Shaped grating. 如請求項1所述的光導器，其中該光提取器圖案的在較靠近所述光柵中的各者之處包括一較低的光提取器密度，而在距所述光柵中的各者較遠之處包括一較高的光提取器密度。The light guide of claim 1, wherein the light extractor pattern includes a lower light extractor density closer to each of the gratings, and closer to each of the gratings than the light extractor pattern. The distance includes a higher light extractor density. 一種背光，包括： 一玻璃光導器，包括一底面及一頂面、該底面或該頂面上的具有一圖案的光提取器、及該底面或該頂面上的具有一圖案的第一光柵； 一底部反射器；及 複數個光源，在該底部反射器與該玻璃光導器之間， 其中藉由一對應的第一光柵來將來自各個光源的光耦接到該玻璃光導器中，使得該光的一第一部分在該玻璃光導器中側向前行且被該等光提取器提取出該玻璃光導器。A backlight includes: a glass light guide including a bottom surface and a top surface, a light extractor having a pattern on the bottom surface or the top surface, and a first grating having a pattern on the bottom surface or the top surface A bottom reflector; and a plurality of light sources between the bottom reflector and the glass light guide, wherein a light from each light source is coupled to the glass light guide by a corresponding first grating, so that A first portion of the light travels sideways forward in the glass light guide and is extracted by the light extractors. 如請求項8所述的背光，更包括： 一圖案化反射器，包括一第一區域及一第二區域，該第一區域較該第二區域更具反射性，而該第二區域較該第一區域更具透射性， 其中該玻璃光導器在該圖案化反射器與該複數個光源之間，及 其中來自各個光源的該光的一第二部分由於該底部反射器及該圖案化反射器處的反射而在該底部反射器與該圖案化反射器之間側向前行。The backlight according to claim 8, further comprising: a patterned reflector including a first area and a second area, the first area is more reflective than the second area, and the second area is more than the The first region is more transmissive, where the glass light guide is between the patterned reflector and the plurality of light sources, and a second portion of the light from each light source is due to the bottom reflector and the patterned reflection Reflections at the reflector while traveling sideways between the bottom reflector and the patterned reflector. 如請求項8所述的背光，其中該第一光柵圖案在該玻璃光導器的該頂面上，且來自各個第一光柵的一第一階反射光符合全內反射的條件。The backlight according to claim 8, wherein the first grating pattern is on the top surface of the glass light guide, and a first-order reflected light from each first grating meets a condition of total internal reflection. 如請求項8所述的背光，其中該第一光柵圖案在該玻璃光導器的該底面上，且通過各個第一光柵的一第一階透射光符合全內反射的條件。The backlight according to claim 8, wherein the first grating pattern is on the bottom surface of the glass light guide, and a first-order transmitted light passing through each first grating meets a condition of total internal reflection. 如請求項8所述的背光，其中該玻璃光導器包括具有一圖案的第二光柵，及 其中該第二光柵圖案的及該第一光柵圖案在該玻璃光導器的相反面上。The backlight of claim 8, wherein the glass light guide includes a second grating having a pattern, and wherein the second grating pattern and the first grating pattern are on opposite sides of the glass light guide. 如請求項12所述的背光，其中各個第二光柵包括與各個第一光柵的線正交的線。The backlight of claim 12, wherein each second grating includes a line orthogonal to a line of each first grating. 如請求項8所述的背光，其中各個第一光柵包括鋁。The backlight of claim 8, wherein each of the first gratings includes aluminum. 如請求項8所述的背光，其中各個第一光柵的一佔空比在40%與60%之間。The backlight according to claim 8, wherein a duty ratio of each first grating is between 40% and 60%. 如請求項8所述的背光，其中各個第一光柵的一間距較由該複數個光源所產生的光的一波長為短。The backlight according to claim 8, wherein a pitch of each first grating is shorter than a wavelength of light generated by the plurality of light sources. 如請求項8所述的背光，其中各個第一光柵包括一線性光柵、一圓形光柵或一橢圓形光柵。The backlight according to claim 8, wherein each of the first gratings includes a linear grating, a circular grating, or an oval grating. 如請求項8所述的背光，其中該玻璃光導器具有0.1 mm與2 mm之間的一厚度。The backlight of claim 8, wherein the glass light guide has a thickness between 0.1 mm and 2 mm. 一種用於製造一顯示器的方法，該方法包括以下步驟： 將複數個發光二極體（LED）附接到一印刷電路板（PCB）； 將一底部反射器施用於該複數個LED之間的該PCB； 將一光導板施用於該複數個LED上方，該光導板包括一底面及一頂面、該底面或該頂面上的具有一圖案的光提取器、及該底面或該頂面上的具有一圖案的光柵；及 將一圖案化反射器施用於該光導板上方。A method for manufacturing a display includes the following steps: attaching a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) to a printed circuit board (PCB); applying a bottom reflector between the plurality of LEDs The PCB; applying a light guide plate above the plurality of LEDs, the light guide plate including a bottom surface and a top surface, the bottom surface or the top surface having a pattern light extractor, and the bottom surface or the top surface A patterned grating; and applying a patterned reflector over the light guide plate. 如請求項19所述的方法，更包括以下步驟： 將一擴散板施用於該圖案化反射器上方； 將一量子點膜施用於該擴散板上方； 將一稜鏡膜施用於該量子點膜上方； 將一反射偏振器施用於該稜鏡膜上方；及 將一顯示面板施用於該反射偏振器上方。The method according to claim 19, further comprising the steps of: applying a diffuser plate over the patterned reflector; applying a quantum dot film over the diffuser plate; applying a chirped film to the quantum dot film Above; applying a reflective polarizer over the diaphragm; and applying a display panel over the reflective polarizer.