TW201914808A - Additive manufacturing cavity capable of improving manufacturing process quality and reducing accumulation of powder in the cavity - Google Patents
Additive manufacturing cavity capable of improving manufacturing process quality and reducing accumulation of powder in the cavity Download PDFInfo
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- TW201914808A TW201914808A TW106134954A TW106134954A TW201914808A TW 201914808 A TW201914808 A TW 201914808A TW 106134954 A TW106134954 A TW 106134954A TW 106134954 A TW106134954 A TW 106134954A TW 201914808 A TW201914808 A TW 201914808A
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Abstract
Description
本發明係與積層製造技術有關，特別係指一種可改善積層製造加工腔體內部流場配置之積層製造腔體。 The present invention relates to a layered manufacturing technique, and in particular to a laminated manufacturing cavity that improves the flow field configuration within a laminated manufacturing process chamber.
PBF(粉床熔融成形)技術為在一平面上鋪放薄層粉末材料後，以雷射光束將粉末燒結/融化形成熔融池(Melting Pool)，熔融池依序冷凝固化進而完成所要成型的單層外型，經過不斷地鋪粉、燒結/燒融、平面下降、再鋪粉的程序後逐步堆疊出最終工件成品。早期PBF技術(如EOS M270)並未於加工腔體內對進排氣流場進行設計，粉末受熱後將導致部分材料氣化形成粉塵，並隨機分布於加工腔體內，此時雷射需額外穿透腔體內部環境中之粉末、致使雷射能量利用效率降低。此外環境中之粉塵將於製造過程中累積於工件表面，使工件表面更為粗糙、進而降低工件品質。 The PBF (Powder Bed Melt Forming) technology is to deposit a thin layer of powder material on a plane, and then to sinter/melt the powder into a molten pool by a laser beam, and the molten pool is sequentially condensed and solidified to complete the desired molding. The outer layer type, after the process of continuous powdering, sintering/burning, plane lowering, and re-paving, gradually stacks the final workpiece. Early PBF technology (such as EOS M270) did not design the inlet and exhaust flow fields in the processing chamber. When the powder is heated, some materials will be vaporized to form dust and randomly distributed in the processing chamber. At this time, the laser needs to be additionally worn. The powder in the internal environment of the cavity is passed through, resulting in reduced efficiency of laser energy utilization. In addition, the dust in the environment will accumulate on the surface of the workpiece during the manufacturing process, making the surface of the workpiece rougher and thus reducing the quality of the workpiece.
目前市售機台之加工腔體內並無針對進氣流場優化的配置，最常見的配置方式為複數同側進氣口，現有技術之積層製造加工腔體進氣流場示意圖請參閱圖1所示，複數同側進氣口形成之氣流流場會相互干涉，於加工腔體內部形成多個迴流結構，甚至會於加工平面上方形成向下之垂直流 場，無法於加工面內形成同方向之均勻流場，造成加工腔體內部的多個迴流處容易沉積粉材，影響加工品質、也增加清理腔體的困難度與時間人力成本。 At present, there is no optimized configuration for the intake flow field in the processing chamber of the commercially available machine. The most common configuration mode is a plurality of the same side air inlet. See Figure 1 for the schematic diagram of the intake flow field of the prior art laminated manufacturing processing chamber. As shown, the flow fields formed by the plurality of air inlets on the same side interfere with each other, forming a plurality of reflow structures inside the machining chamber, and even forming a downward vertical flow field above the machining plane, which cannot form the same in the machined surface. The uniform flow field of the direction causes the plurality of reflow points inside the processing chamber to easily deposit the powder, affecting the processing quality, and also increasing the difficulty of cleaning the cavity and the labor cost of time.
為解決先前技術之缺點，本發明係提供一種積層製造腔體，該積層製造腔體係具有單一迴流之結構設計，可使進入該積層製造腔體內部之氣流於加工平面上方形成同向之均勻流場，提升製程品質與減少粉料堆積於腔體內部之情況。 In order to solve the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a laminated manufacturing cavity having a single reflow structure design, so that the airflow entering the interior of the laminated manufacturing cavity forms a uniform flow in the same direction above the processing plane. The field improves the quality of the process and reduces the accumulation of powder in the cavity.
本發明係為一種積層製造腔體，係包括：一殼體，其內部底部具有一工件容置處；一上進氣口組，係具有至少二進氣口，該上進氣口組係設置於該殼體一側壁上緣；一下進氣口，係設置於與該上進氣口組相對側之側壁下緣；一下出氣口，係設置於該上進氣口組所在側壁之下緣；以及一頂部導流板，係設置於該下進氣口所在側壁之上緣，其高度略高於該上進氣口組。本發明之特徵在於：該上進氣口組具備至少二進氣口，且該上進氣口組與該下出氣口設置於該積層製造腔體的同一側，該下進氣口與該下出氣口係設置在積層製造腔體的不同側，藉由本發明之設計，可使該積層製造腔體內部具有單一迴流之流體結構。 The invention is a laminated manufacturing cavity, comprising: a casing having a workpiece receiving portion at an inner bottom thereof; and an upper air inlet port having at least two air inlets, the upper air inlet group setting a lower edge of the side wall of the casing; a lower air inlet is disposed at a lower edge of the side wall of the side opposite to the upper air inlet group; a lower air outlet is disposed at a lower edge of the side wall of the upper air inlet group; And a top baffle disposed on the upper edge of the sidewall of the lower air inlet, the height of which is slightly higher than the upper air inlet group. The present invention is characterized in that the upper air inlet group has at least two air inlets, and the upper air inlet group and the lower air outlet are disposed on the same side of the laminated manufacturing cavity, the lower air inlet and the lower air inlet The air outlets are disposed on different sides of the laminated manufacturing cavity, and by the design of the present invention, the laminated manufacturing cavity can have a single reflowed fluid structure inside.
本發明之一實施例中，該殼體係為一矩形立方體。 In one embodiment of the invention, the housing is a rectangular cube.
本發明之一實施例中，該上進氣口所在之壁面與垂直面間係具有一傾角，該傾角角度係為-5°~+5°。 In an embodiment of the invention, the wall surface where the upper air inlet is located has an inclination angle between the wall surface and the vertical surface, and the angle of the inclination angle is -5° to +5°.
本發明之一實施例中，該上進氣口組係具有上側上進氣口與下側上進氣口；該上側上進氣口與該下側上進氣口朝向該殼體內部側之邊緣係設有導流片，該導流片係設置於該上側上進氣口與該下側上進氣口之上緣或下緣；該導流片與水平面間係具有一夾角，該夾角角度係為-15°~+15°。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the upper air inlet group has an upper upper air inlet and a lower upper air inlet; the upper upper air inlet and the lower upper air inlet are facing the inner side of the housing. The edge is provided with a baffle, and the baffle is disposed on the upper air inlet and the upper air inlet or the lower edge of the lower air inlet; the air deflector and the horizontal plane have an angle, the angle The angle is -15°~+15°.
本發明之一實施例中，該頂部導流板之側剖面構型係為斜角、多邊型或曲面。 In an embodiment of the invention, the side profile of the top baffle is beveled, polygonal or curved.
本發明之一實施例中，該頂部導流板之位置係略高於該上進氣口組之位置。 In one embodiment of the invention, the position of the top baffle is slightly higher than the position of the upper air intake port.
以上之概述與接下來的詳細說明及附圖，皆是為了能進一步說明本發明達到預定目的所採取的方式、手段及功效。而有關本發明的其他目的及優點，將在後續的說明及圖示中加以闡述。 The above summary, the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings are intended to further illustrate the manner, the Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description and drawings.
11‧‧‧殼體 11‧‧‧Shell
111‧‧‧工件容置處 111‧‧‧Working place
11A‧‧‧保護鏡 11A‧‧‧protective mirror
12‧‧‧上進氣口組 12‧‧‧Upper air intake
121‧‧‧上側上進氣口 121‧‧‧Upper upper air inlet
122‧‧‧下側上進氣口 122‧‧‧lower upper air inlet
12A‧‧‧導流片 12A‧‧‧Guide
13‧‧‧下進氣口 13‧‧‧ lower air inlet
14‧‧‧下出氣口 14‧‧‧ Lower air outlet
15‧‧‧頂部導流板 15‧‧‧Top deflector
15A‧‧‧斜面形頂部導流板 15A‧‧‧Beveled top deflector
15B‧‧‧多邊形頂部導流板 15B‧‧‧ Polygonal top deflector
15C‧‧‧曲面形頂部導流板 15C‧‧‧Surface shaped top deflector
圖1係現有技術之積層製造加工腔體進氣流場示意圖。 Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the flow field of the intake air of the prior art laminated manufacturing process chamber.
圖2係本發明之積層製造腔體結構剖面示意圖。 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention.
圖3係本發明之積層製造腔體實施例流場模擬分析示意圖。 3 is a schematic view showing flow field simulation analysis of the embodiment of the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention.
圖4係本發明之積層製造腔體上進氣口組實施例側視示意圖。 4 is a side elevational view of an embodiment of an air inlet port assembly on a laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention.
圖5係本發明之積層製造腔體上進氣口組實施例下視示意圖。 Fig. 5 is a schematic bottom view showing an embodiment of an air inlet port group on a laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention.
圖6係本發明之積層製造腔體上進氣口組側壁傾角實施例示意圖。 Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the sidewall inclination of the air inlet group on the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention.
圖7至圖9係本發明之積層製造腔體上進氣口導流片配置示意圖。 7 to 9 are schematic views showing the arrangement of the air inlet baffles on the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention.
圖10係本發明之積層製造腔體實施例之頂部導流板側剖面構型圖。 Figure 10 is a side cross-sectional view of the top baffle of the embodiment of the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention.
以下係藉由特定的具體實例說明本發明之實施方式，熟悉此技藝之人士可由本說明書所揭示之內容輕易地瞭解本發明之其他優點與功效。 The embodiments of the present invention are described below by way of specific examples, and those skilled in the art can readily appreciate other advantages and functions of the present invention from the disclosure herein.
圖2係為本發明之積層製造腔體實施例結構圖，如圖所示，該積層製造腔體係包括：一殼體11，其內部底部具有一工件容置處111；一上進氣口組12，該上進氣口組12係具有二進氣口，該二進氣口係上下並排設置於該殼體11一側壁上緣；一下進氣口13，係設置於與該上進氣口組12相對之側壁下緣；一下出氣口14，係設置於該上進氣口組12所在之側壁下緣；以及一頂部導流板15，係設置於該下進氣口13所在之側壁上緣，其高度略高於該上進氣口組12。其中該下進氣口與該下出氣口之高度不低於該工件容置處。透過本發明之積層製造腔體的流場設計，從該上進氣口組12進入的氣流受該頂部導流板15的引導，會順著該頂部導流板15之形狀向下流動，到達該下進氣口13處時，與從該下進氣口13進入之 氣流合流，在該工件容置處111上方(即待處理之工件上方)形成單向、均勻之氣流分佈，最後再直接從該下進氣口13相對側之該下出氣口14流出。本發明之積層製造腔體實施例流場模擬分析示意圖如圖3所示，可以看出本發明之積層製造腔體內部流場係為單一迴流穩定循環，不會在腔體角落產生如先前技術的多個迴流、造成粉材堆積之情況。 2 is a structural view of an embodiment of a laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention. As shown, the laminated manufacturing cavity system includes: a housing 11 having a workpiece receiving portion 111 at an inner bottom thereof; and an upper air inlet port group 12, the upper air inlet group 12 has two air inlets, and the two air inlets are arranged side by side on the upper edge of one side wall of the casing 11; the lower air inlet 13 is disposed at the upper air inlet The lower edge of the side wall of the group 12 is opposite to the lower edge of the side wall of the upper air inlet port 12; and a top baffle 15 is disposed on the side wall of the lower air inlet 13 The edge has a height slightly higher than the upper air inlet group 12. The height of the lower air inlet and the lower air outlet is not lower than the workpiece receiving position. Through the flow field design of the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention, the airflow entering from the upper air inlet group 12 is guided by the top deflector 15, and flows downward along the shape of the top deflector 15 to reach When the lower air inlet 13 is at the same time, it merges with the airflow entering from the lower air inlet 13 to form a unidirectional and uniform airflow distribution above the workpiece receiving portion 111 (ie, above the workpiece to be processed), and finally directly The lower air outlet 14 flows out from the opposite side of the lower air inlet 13. The flow field simulation analysis of the embodiment of the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen that the internal flow field of the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention is a single reflux stable cycle, and does not generate a prior art in the corner of the cavity. Multiple reflows, causing the accumulation of powder.
本發明之一實施例中，該積層製造腔體係具有一上進氣口組，請參閱圖4至圖5所示本發明之積層製造腔體上進氣口組配置實施例示意圖，該上進氣口組12具有上側上進氣口121與下側上進氣口122；該上側上進氣口121係靠近該積層製造腔體頂部，一般的積層製造加工腔體通常會在其頂部設置用於保護雷射元件的保護鏡11A、觀察視窗或其他加工所需的裝置元件，該上側上進氣口121導入之氣流係可保護該積層製造腔體頂部設置之保護鏡11A、觀察視窗或其他裝置元件，不容易讓粉料沾附或撞擊上述之頂部裝置元件；該下側上進氣口組122導入之氣流係在該積層製造腔體內部形成主要迴流。圖5所示本發明之一實施例中，該上進氣口組12之寬度需大於該積層製造腔體頂部之保護鏡11A(或其他裝置元件)之寬度，以確保該上進氣口組12導入之氣流可完全涵蓋該保護鏡11A，達到遮蔽與防護之功效。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the laminated manufacturing cavity system has an upper air inlet group. Referring to FIG. 4 to FIG. 5, a schematic diagram of an air intake port group configuration embodiment of the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention is shown in FIG. 4 to FIG. The port group 12 has an upper upper air inlet 121 and a lower upper air inlet 122; the upper upper air inlet 121 is adjacent to the top of the laminated manufacturing cavity, and a general laminated manufacturing processing cavity is usually disposed at the top thereof. In the protection mirror 11A for protecting the laser element, the observation window or other device components required for processing, the airflow introduced by the upper upper air inlet 121 can protect the protective mirror 11A, the observation window or the like disposed on the top of the laminated manufacturing cavity. The device component does not readily allow the powder to adhere or strike the top device component; the airflow introduced by the lower air inlet port 122 forms a major backflow within the laminate manufacturing cavity. In an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 5, the width of the upper air inlet group 12 needs to be larger than the width of the protective mirror 11A (or other device components) at the top of the laminated manufacturing cavity to ensure the upper air inlet group. 12 The introduced airflow can completely cover the protective mirror 11A to achieve the effect of shielding and protection.
本發明之一實施例中，為產生更好的引導氣流，該上進氣口組12所在之側壁面係可與垂直面間具有一傾角， 即該側壁面略向右下或左下傾斜，使從該上進氣口組12進入之氣流流向呈略偏上或略偏下、而非完全水平；該上側上進氣口121與該下側下進氣口122處側壁之傾斜角度可相同、亦可不同，以分別針對其功能需求進行最佳化配置，例如上側上進氣口產生之氣流略偏上，下側上進氣口產生之氣流略偏下，以分別符合各自保護腔體頂部保護鏡、與在腔體內部產生向下單一迴流之功效。本發明之積層製造腔體上進氣口組側壁傾角實施例示意圖如圖6所示，該傾角角度係以-5°~+5°之範圍內為較佳之實施態樣。 In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to generate a better guiding airflow, the side wall surface of the upper air inlet group 12 may have an inclination angle with the vertical surface, that is, the side wall surface is inclined slightly downward to the lower right or left lower, so that The flow direction of the airflow entering from the upper air inlet port group 12 is slightly upward or slightly downward, but not completely horizontal; the angle of inclination of the upper side air inlet 121 and the side wall of the lower lower air inlet 122 may be the same, It can also be different to optimize the configuration for its functional requirements. For example, the airflow generated by the air inlet on the upper side is slightly above the airflow, and the airflow generated by the air inlet on the lower side is slightly lower to meet the top of the respective protection cavity. The protective mirror and the effect of generating a single downward reflow inside the cavity. A schematic view of the embodiment of the sidewall inclination of the air inlet group on the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6, and the angle of inclination is preferably in the range of -5° to +5°.
本發明之一實施例中，可進一步在該上進氣口組(即該上側上進氣口與該下側上進氣口)朝向該殼體內部側之邊緣設置導流片，以更佳的引導氣流在該積層製造腔體內部之流動方向。請參閱圖7至圖9所示，係為本發明之積層製造腔體上進氣口組導流片配置示意圖，該導流片12A係可設置於該上側上進氣口121與該下側上進氣口122之上方邊緣處或下方邊緣處，該導流片12A係向該積層製造腔體內部中心延伸，但以不干涉到腔體頂部的雷射光路為原則，該導流片12A之寬度需大於該積層製造腔體頂部之保護鏡11A之寬度，以確保該上進氣口組12導入之氣流可完全涵蓋該保護鏡11A，達到遮蔽與防護之功效。該導流片12A係可與水平面間具有一夾角，該夾角角度係以-15°~+15°之範圍內為較佳之實施態樣。 In an embodiment of the present invention, a baffle may be further disposed on the upper air inlet group (ie, the upper upper air inlet and the lower upper air inlet) toward an edge of the inner side of the housing, preferably The guiding airflow is in the direction of flow inside the laminated cavity. Please refer to FIG. 7 to FIG. 9 , which are schematic diagrams showing the arrangement of the air intake port baffle on the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention. The baffle 12A can be disposed on the upper side upper air inlet 121 and the lower side. At the upper edge or the lower edge of the upper air inlet 122, the baffle 12A extends toward the inner center of the laminated manufacturing cavity, but the guide vane 12A is based on the principle of not interfering with the laser light path at the top of the cavity. The width of the protective mirror 11A at the top of the laminated manufacturing cavity is required to ensure that the airflow introduced by the upper air inlet group 12 can completely cover the protective mirror 11A, thereby achieving the effect of shielding and protection. The baffle 12A can have an angle with the horizontal plane, and the angle of the angle is preferably in the range of -15° to +15°.
本發明之一實施例中，該積層製造腔體係具有一 頂部導流板，請再次參閱圖2，該頂部導流板15係設置於該下進氣口13所在之側壁上緣，略高於該上進氣口組12的高度，從該上進氣口組12進入的氣體流動到達該頂部導流板15處時，該頂部導流板15之形狀設計會引導氣流轉向下方，到達該下進氣口13處時、再與從該下進氣口13處進入之氣流合併，於該工件容置處111上方形成單一方向之迴流，最後再由該下出氣口14流出，該上進氣口組、該頂部導流板、該下進氣口與該下出氣口之搭配組合，使整個積層製造腔體內部可形成順時針方向(以圖2與圖3為例)之單一迴流，且不容易產生前案技術常見的額外迴流。本發明之積層製造腔體實施例之頂部導流板側剖面構型圖如圖10所示，係分別為具有斜面形頂部導流板15A、多邊形頂部導流板15B與曲面形頂部導流板15C之殼體11構型，然並不限於本發明實施例與圖式揭露之形狀，舉凡具有導流、使氣流轉向功能之構型，均符合本發明之技術精神。本發明之頂部導流板係可與該積層製造腔體之殼體為單一整體，即該殼體相對於該上進氣口所在側壁的另一側壁係向該殼體中央傾斜，其側剖面構型為前述之斜角、多邊型、曲面或其他具導流功效之構型者；該頂部導流板亦可為一額外加裝於該殼體內部之元件，設置在相對於該上進氣口所在側壁的另一側壁、略高於該上進氣口組12的高度，同樣具有本發明之積層製造腔體所主張之導流功效。 In an embodiment of the present invention, the laminated manufacturing cavity system has a top baffle. Referring again to FIG. 2, the top baffle 15 is disposed on the upper edge of the sidewall of the lower air inlet 13 and is slightly higher than The height of the upper air intake port group 12, when the gas entering from the upper air inlet port group 12 reaches the top baffle 15, the shape of the top baffle 15 is designed to guide the airflow to the lower side, reaching the lower When the air inlet 13 is at the same time, it merges with the airflow entering from the lower air inlet 13 to form a return flow in a single direction above the workpiece receiving portion 111, and finally flows out from the lower air outlet 14, the upper air inlet The combination of the mouth group, the top baffle, the lower air inlet and the lower air outlet enables a single reflow of a clockwise direction (exemplified by FIG. 2 and FIG. 3) in the entire laminated manufacturing cavity, and It is not easy to generate additional reflow common to the prior art. The side profile view of the top baffle of the embodiment of the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention is shown in FIG. 10, which is a beveled top baffle 15A, a polygonal top baffle 15B and a curved top baffle. The configuration of the housing 11 of the 15C is not limited to the shape disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention and the drawings, and the configuration having the function of guiding the flow and turning the airflow is in accordance with the technical spirit of the present invention. The top baffle of the present invention may be integral with the casing of the laminated manufacturing cavity, that is, the other side wall of the casing opposite to the side wall of the upper air inlet is inclined toward the center of the casing, and the side profile thereof The configuration is the aforementioned bevel, polygonal, curved or other flow-conducting configuration; the top baffle may also be an additional component attached to the interior of the housing, disposed opposite to the upper The other side wall of the side wall of the gas port, slightly higher than the height of the upper air inlet group 12, also has the guiding effect of the laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention.
藉此，本發明之積層製造腔體係具有單一迴流之 結構設計，可使進入該積層製造腔體內部之氣流於加工平面上方形成單一迴流之均勻流場，提升製程品質與減少粉料堆積於腔體內部之情況。本發明之積層製造腔體透過上進氣口組、下進氣口、下出氣口與頂部導流板的設計組合，達到引導進入該積層製造腔體內部氣流路徑、使其形成單一迴流之功效，確保在該積層製造腔體內部不會因額外的迴流造成內部粉料堆積、汙染待處理工件與雷射元件之情況。本發明之積層製造腔體係可用於PBF(粉床熔融成形)技術製程，然並不僅限於PBF製程使用，舉凡需要腔室內部具有單一空氣迴流之加工技術製程，均可應用本發明之技術，故本發明具有相當大之應用彈性。 Thereby, the laminated manufacturing cavity system of the invention has a single reflow structure design, so that the airflow entering the interior of the laminated manufacturing cavity forms a uniform flow field of a single reflow above the processing plane, thereby improving the process quality and reducing the accumulation of powder in the cavity. The situation inside the body. The laminated manufacturing cavity of the present invention is designed to combine the upper air inlet group, the lower air inlet port, the lower air outlet port and the top air deflector to guide the airflow path into the laminated manufacturing cavity to form a single reflow effect. To ensure that the internal powder does not accumulate and contaminate the workpiece to be treated and the laser components due to additional reflow inside the laminated manufacturing cavity. The laminated manufacturing cavity system of the invention can be used in the PBF (powder bed melt forming) technical process, but is not limited to the PBF process, and the process technology of the invention can be applied to any process technology that requires a single air reflow inside the chamber. The invention has considerable application flexibility.
上述之實施例僅為例示性說明本發明之特點及其功效，而非用於限制本發明之實質技術內容的範圍。任何熟習此技藝之人士均可在不違背本發明之精神及範疇下，對上述實施例進行修飾與變化。因此，本發明之權利保護範圍，應如後述之申請專利範圍所列。 The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the features and functions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the technical scope of the present invention. Modifications and variations of the above-described embodiments can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be as set forth in the scope of the claims described below.
Claims (8)
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