TW201913040A - Method for detecting flood in mountain area - Google Patents

Method for detecting flood in mountain area Download PDF

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TW201913040A
TW201913040A TW106128157A TW106128157A TW201913040A TW 201913040 A TW201913040 A TW 201913040A TW 106128157 A TW106128157 A TW 106128157A TW 106128157 A TW106128157 A TW 106128157A TW 201913040 A TW201913040 A TW 201913040A
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TWI650529B (en
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蘇元風
張志新
陳宏宇
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國家災害防救科技中心
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

A method for detecting a flood in a mountain area is used to detect a mountain flood by an image processing technology. The method includes using an image capture device to photograph a surface of a river in the mountain area to generate a water surface image. The water surface image is processed by a gray-scale processing to generate a gray scale image. A region of interest is selected from the gray scale image for further analysis. A clustering algorithm is used to divide the pixels of the region of interest into water pixels and non-water pixels. The percentage of the water pixels in the region of interest is calculated. It is identified that a flood occurs in the mountain area when the percentage is not less than a reference value.

Description

山區洪水偵測方法  Mountain flood detection method  

本發明係關於一種山區洪水偵測方法，特別是一種經由影像處理技術偵測山區洪水的方法。 The invention relates to a mountain flood detection method, in particular to a method for detecting mountain floods via image processing technology.

按，梅雨季節與颱風期間的密集降雨，容易造成山區洪水暴漲，且當山區內含有大量砂石時，將使大量的洪水夾帶土砂礫石而形成土石流，進而沖刷山坡地與河道兩岸，嚴重威脅民眾的生命與財產安全，因此，相關防災單位(如：水土保持局)針對土石流的重點災害地區，設置相關監測儀器，如：鋼索檢知器或地聲探測器等設備，以便土石流發生時，能夠即時發出警示通知民眾撤離。 According to the intensive rains during the rainy season and the typhoon, it is easy to cause flooding in the mountainous areas. When the mountain area contains a lot of sand and gravel, it will cause a large amount of floods to entrain the soil and gravel to form a rock flow, which will wash the slopes and rivers and threaten the people. Life and property safety, therefore, relevant disaster prevention units (such as: Soil and Water Conservation Bureau) set up relevant monitoring instruments for key disaster areas of earth and rock flow, such as: cable detectors or ground sound detectors, etc., so that when the earth and rock flow occurs, Immediate warnings are issued to inform the people to evacuate.

詳言之，鋼索檢知器係設置於河床上方一特定高程之上，且橫跨河道，當土石流發生且超過該特定高程時，能夠藉由洪水所挾帶的土石流破壞鋼索檢知器的鋼索，以發出警示；地聲探測器則係透過偵測因土石流而造成的震動特性，輔以時頻分析技術，進而判斷是否為土石流所造成。惟，使用鋼索檢知器的方式，必須在土石流達到一定規模時(破壞鋼索時)，方可發揮警示的作用，以至於無法提早發出災害警示，且鋼索係為一次性檢測儀器，使用後必須重新設置，對於災害頻繁的地區具有使用不便之問題。另，使用地聲探測器雖可解決該問題，卻仍有被土石流沖毀、或受外力影響而產生誤判等缺失。 In particular, the cable detector is placed above a specific elevation on the riverbed and across the river. When the earth-rock flow occurs and exceeds this specific elevation, the cable of the cable detector can be destroyed by the earth-rock flow carried by the flood. To provide warnings; the ground sound detectors are used to detect the vibration characteristics caused by the earth and stone flow, supplemented by time-frequency analysis technology to determine whether it is caused by earth and rock flow. However, the method of using the wire rope detector must be used when the earth and stone flow reaches a certain scale (when the cable is broken), so that the warning can not be issued early, and the cable is a one-time detection instrument, which must be used after use. Reset, it is inconvenient for areas with frequent disasters. In addition, although the use of geoacoustic detectors can solve this problem, it is still missing by the earth and stone flow, or by the external force and misjudgment.

因此，本發明提出以非接觸式的方式，即透過架測監視攝影 機的方式偵測山區洪水的發生，其中該監視攝影機可使用由水土保持局架設於山區的閉路電視(Closed Circuit Television,CCTV)。監視攝影機的相關應用，如：下游河道水位量測與都市地區淹水高度量測，其實施例可以參酌如：中華民國第101140546號「水位量測方法」專利案，該專利案利用監視攝影機所取得之影像，分析影像中的水位高度。惟，該專利案必須仰賴平整的牆面或橋墩作為水位判斷區塊，以換算像素大小與實際尺寸之關係，因此不合適用於地形較崎嶇的山區環境，以判斷山區河道水位之高度。 Therefore, the present invention proposes to detect the occurrence of mountain floods in a non-contact manner, that is, by means of a surveillance camera, which can use Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) installed by the Soil and Water Conservation Bureau in the mountainous area. . Surveillance cameras, such as: downstream water level measurement and urban flooding height measurement, examples can be considered as: Republic of China No. 101140546 "water level measurement method" patent case, the patent case using surveillance cameras Obtain the image and analyze the water level in the image. However, the patent case must rely on a flat wall or pier as a water level judgment block to convert the pixel size to the actual size, so it is not suitable for use in a rugged mountainous environment to determine the height of the water level in the mountain river.

有鑑於此，本發明提供一種山區洪水偵測方法，以提供河川水位防汎應用。 In view of this, the present invention provides a mountain flood detection method to provide a flood prevention application for river water levels.

為解決上述問題，本發明之目的係提供一種山區洪水偵測方法，能夠經由影像處理技術偵測山區洪水的發生。 In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a mountain flood detection method capable of detecting the occurrence of mountain floods through image processing technology.

本發明提供一種山區洪水偵測方法，以一影像擷取裝置朝一山區內河道的水面進行拍攝，使產生一水面影像；對該水面影像進行灰階化處理，使產生一灰階影像，並於該灰階影像中選取一辨識區域進行分析；以一分群演算法將該辨識區域的像素分為一水體像素及一非水體像素；計算該辨識區域內的水體像素的一百分比，並判斷該百分比是否不小於一參考值，若判斷結果為是，則表示山區洪水發生。 The invention provides a mountain flood detection method, which uses an image capturing device to shoot a water surface of a river in a mountainous area to generate a water surface image; grayscale processing the water surface image to generate a gray scale image, and Selecting an identification area for analysis in the grayscale image; dividing the pixels of the identification area into a water body pixel and a non-water body pixel by a grouping algorithm; calculating a percentage of the water body pixel in the identification area, and determining the percentage Whether it is not less than a reference value, if the judgment result is yes, it means that a mountain flood occurs.

據此，本發明的山區洪水偵測方法，能夠經由影像處理技術偵測山區洪水是否發生，相較於習知接觸式的方式容易遭受土石流沖毀，可以降低設置的成本。 Accordingly, the mountain flood detection method of the present invention can detect whether a mountain flood occurs by using an image processing technology, and is easily damaged by the earth and rock flow than the conventional contact type, thereby reducing the installation cost.

其中，該分群演算法係設定該辨識區域的任二像素的灰階值作為二群組各自的初始群中心，計算該辨識區域內的其餘像素的灰階值與各該初始群中心的中心差距，並分配到中心差距最小的群組以完成分組， 計算該二群組各自的像素的灰階值的一平均值，使各自產生一較佳群中心，並判斷各該較佳群中心與各自的初始群中心的中心差距是否小於一設定值，若判斷結果為是，則各自產生一最佳群中心，對該二群組的最佳群中心取平均值，使產生一最佳分群平均值，並以該最佳分群平均值的平均值作為一門檻值。如此，相較於習知接觸式的方式容易遭受土石流沖毀，可以降低設置的成本，且藉由提升資料的擷取率，能夠提高整體防災警示之功效。 The clustering algorithm sets the grayscale value of any two pixels of the identification region as the initial group center of the two groups, and calculates the grayscale value of the remaining pixels in the identified region and the center gap of each of the initial group centers. And assigning to the group with the smallest center gap to complete the grouping, calculating an average value of the grayscale values of the respective pixels of the two groups, so that each of them generates a better group center, and judging each of the better group centers and their respective Whether the center gap of the initial group center is less than a set value, and if the judgment result is yes, each generates an optimal group center, and the optimal group centers of the two groups are averaged to generate an optimal group average. And use the average of the best group average as a threshold. In this way, compared with the conventional contact type, it is easy to be destroyed by the earth and stone flow, the installation cost can be reduced, and the efficiency of the overall disaster prevention warning can be improved by increasing the data acquisition rate.

其中，若各該較佳群中心與各自的初始群中心的中心差距不小於一設定值，則以各該較佳群中心作為各該群組的初始群中心並重新分組，若重新分組的次數超過一範圍值，則以各該較佳群中心作為各該最佳群中心。如此，相較於習知接觸式的方式容易遭受土石流沖毀，可以降低設置的成本，且藉由提升資料的擷取率，能夠提高整體防災警示之功效。 Wherein, if the center difference between each of the preferred group centers and the center of the respective initial group centers is not less than a set value, each of the preferred group centers is used as the initial group center of each group and regrouped, if the number of regrouping If the value exceeds a range, each of the preferred group centers is used as the center of each of the optimal groups. In this way, compared with the conventional contact type, it is easy to be destroyed by the earth and stone flow, the installation cost can be reduced, and the efficiency of the overall disaster prevention warning can be improved by increasing the data acquisition rate.

其中，該門檻值T的公式可如下式所示：，其中，T為該門檻值，A、B分別為該二群組的最佳群中心，C為該二最佳群中心的最佳分群平均值，i為該水面影像的編號，且i=1,2,3,...,N。如此，相較於習知接觸式的方式容易遭受土石流沖毀，可以降低設置的成本，且藉由提升資料的擷取率，能夠提高整體防災警示之功效。 Wherein, the formula of the threshold T can be as follows: Where T is the threshold value, A and B are the best group centers of the two groups, C is the best group average of the two best group centers, i is the number of the water surface image, and i= 1,2,3,...,N. In this way, compared with the conventional contact type, it is easy to be destroyed by the earth and stone flow, the installation cost can be reduced, and the efficiency of the overall disaster prevention warning can be improved by increasing the data acquisition rate.

其中，調整該影像擷取裝置的一拍照速率為每分鐘一張該水面影像。如此，能夠提高整體防災警示之功效。 The photo shooting rate of the image capturing device is adjusted to one water surface image per minute. In this way, the effectiveness of the overall disaster prevention alert can be improved.

其中，該參考值係如下式所示：，其中，E=1代表山區洪水發生，E=0代表山區洪水未發生，P為該辨識區域內的水體 像素所佔的百分比，P0為在非降雨期間的辨識區域內的水體像素所佔的百分比。如此，能夠較精確的求出降雨之前的河川流量，以提高整體防災警示之功效。 Wherein, the reference value is as follows: Where E=1 represents mountain flooding, E=0 represents mountain flooding, P is the percentage of water pixels in the identified area, and P 0 is the water pixel in the identified area during non-rainfall. Percentage. In this way, the river flow before the rain can be accurately determined to improve the overall disaster prevention warning effect.

其中，若該百分比小於一參考值，則表示山區洪水未發生。如此，相較於習知接觸式的方式容易遭受土石流沖毀，可以降低設置的成本，且藉由提升資料的擷取率，能夠提高整體防災警示之功效。 Wherein, if the percentage is less than a reference value, it means that the mountain flood has not occurred. In this way, compared with the conventional contact type, it is easy to be destroyed by the earth and stone flow, the installation cost can be reduced, and the efficiency of the overall disaster prevention warning can be improved by increasing the data acquisition rate.

〔本發明］ 〔this invention]

S1‧‧‧擷取步驟 S1‧‧‧ capture steps

S2‧‧‧灰階化步驟 S2‧‧‧ grayscale steps

S3‧‧‧分群步驟 S3‧‧‧ grouping steps

S4‧‧‧比對步驟 S4‧‧‧ alignment steps

A‧‧‧最佳群中心 A‧‧‧Best Group Center

B‧‧‧最佳群中心 B‧‧‧Best Group Center

C‧‧‧最佳分群平均值 C‧‧‧Best clustering average

第1圖：本發明一實施例之方法流程示意圖。 Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the method of an embodiment of the present invention.

第2圖：本發明一實施例之水面影像的灰階值的相對頻度。 Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the relative frequency of gray scale values of a water surface image according to an embodiment of the present invention.

為讓本發明之上述及其他目的、特徵及優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉本發明之較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下：本發明全文所述之「像素」(Pixels)，係指一影像組成的最小單位，用以表示該影像之解析度(Resolution)，例如：若該影像之解析度為1024×768，則代表該影像共有1024×768個像素，係本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可以理解。 The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; (Pixels) is the smallest unit of image composition used to represent the resolution of the image. For example, if the resolution of the image is 1024×768, it means that the image has 1024×768 pixels. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

本發明全文所述之「色階」(Color Level)，係指該像素所顯現顏色分量或亮度的濃淡程度，例如：彩色影像之紅色(R)、綠色(G)、藍色(B)分量的色階範圍各為0~255；或者，灰階影像之亮度(Luminance)的色階範圍可為0~255，係本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可以理解。 The "Color Level" as used throughout the present invention refers to the degree of gradation of the color component or brightness exhibited by the pixel, for example, the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) components of the color image. The range of the gradation ranges from 0 to 255; alternatively, the range of the gradation of the grayscale image (Luminance) may range from 0 to 255, which can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.

本發明全文所述之「相對頻度」(Relative Frequency)，係指該判斷區域中每一灰階值的像素個數，與該判斷區域的總像素個數的比 值，係本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可以理解。 The "Relative Frequency" as used throughout the present invention refers to the ratio of the number of pixels of each grayscale value in the determination region to the total number of pixels in the determination region, which is in the technical field of the present invention. Those with ordinary knowledge can understand.

請參閱第1圖所示，其係本發明山區洪水偵測方法的一實施例之方法流程圖，可以包含一擷取步驟S1、一灰階化步驟S2、一分群步驟S3及一比對步驟S4。 Referring to FIG. 1 , a flowchart of a method for detecting a mountain flood detection method according to the present invention may include a step S1, a gray step S2, a group step S3, and an alignment step. S4.

該擷取步驟S1能夠以一影像擷取裝置(如：攝影機)，朝一山區內河道的水面進行拍攝，使產生一水面影像，該水面影像可以為一彩色影像或一黑白影像，在此不多加限制，在本實施例中，該水面影像係為一彩色影像並作為後續說明。此外，由於山區容易受到日照、雲遮或霧氣等天候因素影響，導致該影像擷取裝置所拍攝的水面影像模糊，或明暗程度不一，而影響後續的影像處理分析，因此，藉由拍攝同一天或數天的白天期間的數張該水面影像，並對各該水面影像進行後續步驟，以提升判斷的精準度。其中，該水面影像的數量較佳係為100幅以上，惟不以此作為限制。 The capturing step S1 can take an image capturing device (such as a camera) to shoot a water surface of a river in a mountainous area to generate a water surface image, which can be a color image or a black and white image. Limitation, in the present embodiment, the water surface image is a color image and is described as a follow-up. In addition, because the mountainous area is susceptible to weather conditions such as sunlight, cloud cover or fog, the image of the water surface captured by the image capture device is blurred, or the degree of brightness is different, which affects the subsequent image processing analysis. Therefore, by shooting the same image Several water surface images during the day or days of the day, and subsequent steps for each of the water surface images to improve the accuracy of the judgment. The number of the water surface images is preferably 100 or more, but is not limited thereto.

此外，藉由調整該影像擷取裝置的拍照速率，由習知每10分鐘一張該水面影像改為每分鐘一張該水面影像，如此，能夠提升該水面影像的擷取率，具有提高整體防災警示之功效。 In addition, by adjusting the photographing rate of the image capturing device, it is known that the water surface image is changed to one water surface image every minute every 10 minutes, so that the water surface image capturing rate can be improved, and the overall height is improved. The effectiveness of disaster prevention warnings.

該灰階化步驟S2係依據該水面影像各像素之紅色、綠色及藍色分量的色階，將該水面影像之色調平均轉換到色階範圍為0~255之亮度，使產生一灰階影像，並於該灰階影像中選取一辨識區域(Region of Interest,ROI)執行後續影像處理步驟，且該辨識區域的影像大小不大於該灰階影像的影像大小，舉例而言，可以選取影像中橫跨河道的一梯形範圍作為辨識區域。如此，能夠減少後續影像處理所需耗費的時間，具有降低系統運算複雜度之功效。惟，該水面影像之原始色調的色階範圍即為0~255之亮度時，則可省略該灰階化步驟S2，係本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者可以理解，在此不多加以贅述。 The grayscale step S2 is based on the color gradation of the red, green and blue components of each pixel of the water image, and the average of the tone of the water image is converted to a brightness range of 0 to 255, so that a grayscale image is generated. And selecting a Region of Interest (ROI) in the grayscale image to perform a subsequent image processing step, and the image size of the identified region is not greater than the image size of the grayscale image. For example, the image may be selected. A trapezoidal range across the channel serves as an identification area. In this way, the time required for subsequent image processing can be reduced, and the system operation complexity can be reduced. However, when the color tone range of the original color tone of the water surface image is the brightness of 0 to 255, the gray leveling step S2 may be omitted, which can be understood by those having ordinary knowledge in the technical field of the present invention. Narration.

該分群步驟S3係可以採用K-平均演算法(K-means)對該辨識區域進行分析。由於水在進行流動時，會使得水面呈現較亮的情況，因此灰階值相對較高，而裸露土壤與礫石遭雨水或河水沾濕後，其灰階值相對較低，因此，可以將該辨識區域內的各像素區分為一水體像素及一非水體像素(如：裸露土壤或礫石)，以利後續的比對分析。 The grouping step S3 can analyze the identification area using a K-means algorithm (K-means). Since the water surface is brighter when the water is flowing, the gray scale value is relatively high, and the gray scale value of the bare soil and the gravel after being wetted by rain or river water is relatively low, so the Each pixel in the identification area is divided into a water body pixel and a non-water body pixel (such as bare soil or gravel) for subsequent comparison analysis.

詳言之，請一併參照第2圖所示，該分群步驟S3可以將該辨識區域分為二群組，且設定該辨識區域的任二像素的灰階值作為二群組各自的一初始群中心(Cluster centers)，計算該辨識區域內的其餘像素的灰階值與各該初始群中心的差，並分配到差距最小的群組以完成分組。隨後，計算該二群組各自的像素的灰階值的一平均值，使各自產生一較佳群中心，並判斷各該較佳群中心與各自的初始群中心的中心差距是否小於一設定值，若判斷結果為是，則各自產生一最佳群中心A，B；若判斷結果為否，則以各該較佳群中心作為各該群組的初始群中心並重新分組，若重新分組的次數超過一範圍值，則以各該較佳群中心作為各該最佳群中心A，B。其中，該設定值可以設定為0.01，該範圍值可以設定為100次，惟不以此為限。隨後，對該二群組的最佳群中心A，B取一平均值，使產生一最佳分群平均值C。 In detail, please refer to FIG. 2 together, the grouping step S3 can divide the identification area into two groups, and set the gray level value of any two pixels of the identification area as an initial of each of the two groups. Cluster centers calculate the difference between the grayscale values of the remaining pixels in the identified area and the centers of the initial clusters, and assign them to the group with the smallest gap to complete the grouping. Then, calculating an average value of the grayscale values of the respective pixels of the two groups to generate a preferred group center, and determining whether the center difference between each of the preferred group centers and the respective initial group centers is less than a set value If the result of the determination is yes, then an optimal group center A, B is generated; if the judgment result is no, each of the preferred group centers is used as the initial group center of each group and regrouped, if regrouped If the number of times exceeds a range of values, each of the preferred group centers is used as each of the optimal group centers A, B. The set value can be set to 0.01, and the range value can be set to 100 times, but not limited thereto. Subsequently, an average of the best group centers A, B of the two groups is taken to produce an optimal group average C.

對各該水面影像執行該灰階化步驟S2及該分群步驟S3，使各該水面影像產生該最佳分群平均值C，並以各該最佳分群平均值C的平均值作為一門檻值T，該門檻值T的公式可如下式所示： 其中，T為該門檻值，A、B分別為該二群組的最佳群中心，C為該二群組的最佳群中心的最佳分群平均值，i為該水面影像的編號，且i=1,2,3,...,N。 Performing the grayscale step S2 and the grouping step S3 for each of the water surface images, and generating the optimal group average C for each of the water surface images, and using the average value of each of the optimal group averages C as a threshold T The formula for the threshold T can be as follows: Where T is the threshold value, A and B are the best group centers of the two groups, C is the best group average of the best group centers of the two groups, and i is the number of the water surface image, and i=1, 2, 3, ..., N.

判斷該辨識區域內的各像素的灰階值是否不小於該門檻 值，若判斷結果為是，則將該像素設為該水體像素；若判斷結果為否，則將該像素設為該非水體像素。 Determining whether the grayscale value of each pixel in the identification area is not less than the threshold value, and if the determination result is yes, setting the pixel as the water body pixel; if the determination result is no, setting the pixel as the non-aqueous pixel .

該比對步驟S4係計算該辨識區域內的水體像素的一百分比，並判斷該百分比是否不小於一參考值，若判斷結果為是，即表示山區洪水發生；若判斷結果為否，即表示山區洪水未發生，公式可如下式(2)所示： 其中，E=1代表山區洪水發生，E=0代表山區洪水未發生，P為該辨識區域內的水體像素所佔的百分比，P0為在非降雨期間的辨識區域內的水體像素所佔的百分比。此外，該參考值可以為在非降雨期間所產生的辨識區域內的水體像素的百分比的兩倍，而所述之「非降雨期間」，係指降雨事件來臨之前的非降雨期間，較佳係降雨事件發生的前一日，如此，能夠較精確的求出降雨之前的河川流量，以提高整體防災警示之功效。 The comparison step S4 calculates a percentage of the water body pixels in the identification area, and determines whether the percentage is not less than a reference value. If the judgment result is yes, it indicates that a mountain flood occurs; if the judgment result is no, the mountain area is indicated. The flood did not occur and the formula can be as shown in the following formula (2): Among them, E=1 represents mountain flooding, E=0 represents mountain flooding, P is the percentage of water pixels in the identified area, and P 0 is the water pixel in the identification area during non-rainfall. percentage. In addition, the reference value may be twice the percentage of the water body pixels in the identification area generated during the non-rainfall period, and the “non-rainfall period” refers to the non-rainfall period before the rain event occurs, preferably The day before the rain event occurred, so that the river flow before rainfall can be accurately determined to improve the overall disaster prevention warning.

綜上所述，本發明的山區洪水偵測方法，能夠經由影像處理技術偵測山區洪水是否發生，相較於習知接觸式的方式容易遭受土石流沖毀，可以降低設置的成本。 In summary, the mountain flood detection method of the present invention can detect whether a mountain flood occurs by using an image processing technology, and is easily damaged by the earth and stone flow compared with the conventional contact type, thereby reducing the installation cost.

雖然本發明已利用上述較佳實施例揭示，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍之內，相對上述實施例進行各種更動與修改仍屬本發明所保護之技術範疇，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 While the invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments described above, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the invention is protected, and therefore the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

一種山區洪水偵測方法，係包含：以一影像擷取裝置朝一山區內河道的水面進行拍攝，使產生一水面影像；對該水面影像進行灰階化處理，使產生一灰階影像，並於該灰階影像中選取一辨識區域進行分析；以一分群演算法將該辨識區域的像素分為一水體像素及一非水體像素；計算該辨識區域內的水體像素的一百分比，並判斷該百分比是否不小於一參考值，若判斷結果為是，則表示山區洪水發生。  A method for detecting mountain flooding includes: taking an image capturing device to shoot a water surface of a river in a mountainous area to generate a water surface image; performing grayscale processing on the water surface image to generate a grayscale image, and Selecting an identification area for analysis in the grayscale image; dividing the pixels of the identification area into a water body pixel and a non-water body pixel by a grouping algorithm; calculating a percentage of the water body pixel in the identification area, and determining the percentage Whether it is not less than a reference value, if the judgment result is yes, it means that a mountain flood occurs.   如申請專利範圍第1項所述之山區洪水偵測方法，其中，該分群演算法係設定該辨識區域的任二像素的灰階值作為二群組各自的初始群中心，計算該辨識區域內的其餘像素的灰階值與各該初始群中心的中心差距，並分配到中心差距最小的群組以完成分組，計算該二群組各自的像素的灰階值的一平均值，使各自產生一較佳群中心，並判斷各該較佳群中心與各自的初始群中心的中心差距是否小於一設定值，若判斷結果為是，則各自產生一最佳群中心，對該二群組的最佳群中心取平均值，使產生一最佳分群平均值，並以該最佳分群平均值的平均值作為一門檻值。  The method for detecting mountain floods according to claim 1, wherein the clustering algorithm sets a grayscale value of any two pixels of the identification region as an initial group center of the two groups, and calculates the identification region. The grayscale value of the remaining pixels is different from the center of each of the initial group centers, and is assigned to the group with the smallest center gap to complete the grouping, and an average value of the grayscale values of the respective pixels of the two groups is calculated to generate each a preferred group center, and determining whether the center difference between each of the preferred group centers and the respective initial group centers is less than a set value, and if the determination result is yes, each generating an optimal group center for the two groups The best group centers are averaged so that an optimal group average is generated and the average of the best group averages is used as a threshold.   如申請專利範圍第2項所述之山區洪水偵測方法，其中，若各該較佳群中心與各自的初始群中心的中心差距不小於一設定值，則以各該較佳群中心作為各該群組的初始群中心並重新分組，若重新分組的次數超過一範圍值，則以各該較佳群中心作為各該最佳群中心。  The method for detecting mountain floods as described in claim 2, wherein if the center of each of the preferred group centers and the center of the respective initial group centers is not less than a set value, each of the preferred group centers is used as each The initial group center of the group is regrouped. If the number of regroupings exceeds a range of values, each of the preferred group centers is used as the best group center.   如申請專利範圍第2項所述之山區洪水偵測方法，其中，該門檻值T的公式可如下式所示： 其中，T為該門檻值，A、B分別為該二群組的最佳群中心，C為該二最佳群中心的最佳分群平均值，i為該水面影像的編號，且i=1,2,3,...,N。 For example, the mountain flood detection method described in claim 2, wherein the formula of the threshold value T can be expressed as follows: Where T is the threshold value, A and B are the best group centers of the two groups, C is the best group average of the two best group centers, i is the number of the water surface image, and i=1 , 2, 3, ..., N. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之山區洪水偵測方法，其中，調整該影像擷取裝置的一拍照速率為每分鐘一張該水面影像。  The mountain flood detecting method according to claim 1, wherein the image capturing device adjusts a photographing rate to one water surface image per minute.   如申請專利範圍第1項所述之山區洪水偵測方法，其中，該參考值係如下式所示： 其中，E=1代表山區洪水發生，E=0代表山區洪水未發生，P為該辨識區域內的水體像素所佔的百分比，P 0為在非降雨期間的辨識區域內的水體像素所佔的百分比。 For example, the mountain flood detection method described in claim 1 is wherein the reference value is as follows: Among them, E=1 represents mountain flooding, E=0 represents mountain flooding, P is the percentage of water pixels in the identified area, and P 0 is the water pixel in the identification area during non-rainfall. percentage. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之山區洪水偵測方法，其中，若該百分比小於一參考值，則表示山區洪水未發生。  For example, in the mountain flood detection method described in claim 1, wherein if the percentage is less than a reference value, it indicates that the mountain flood has not occurred.  
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CN112863129A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院 Intelligent flood control early warning system based on embedded mode
TWI738131B (en) * 2019-11-28 2021-09-01 財團法人資訊工業策進會 Imaging system and detection method

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