TW201908598A - Wind power-generation system - Google Patents
Wind power-generation systemInfo
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- TW201908598A TW201908598A TW107123792A TW107123792A TW201908598A TW 201908598 A TW201908598 A TW 201908598A TW 107123792 A TW107123792 A TW 107123792A TW 107123792 A TW107123792 A TW 107123792A TW 201908598 A TW201908598 A TW 201908598A
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- wind power
- power generation
- wind
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- generation system
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明有關風力發電系統。The invention relates to a wind power generation system.
風力發電系統，係在設置了複數個風力發電裝置(以下，稱為風車)之風力發電廠的形式下運作者為多。最近幾年，為了計測風車周邊的風況，越來越多有在風車的機艙設置都卜勒光達的例子。都卜勒光達，係利用射出雷射線束來計測風車周邊的風況者。The wind power generation system is in the form of a wind power plant in which a plurality of wind power generation devices (hereinafter referred to as windmills) are installed. In recent years, in order to measure the wind conditions around the windmill, there are more and more examples of setting up the bühler in the cabin of the windmill. Doppler is the person who uses the beam of lightning to measure the wind conditions around the windmill.
例如，在專利文獻1，記載有使用設置在風車的機艙的都卜勒光達來計測風況的方法。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻]For example, Patent Document 1 describes a method of measuring a wind condition using a Doppler light provided in a nacelle of a windmill. [Prior Technical Literature] [Patent Literature]
[專利文獻1]日本特表2015-519516號專利公報[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2015-519516
[發明欲解決之課題][Questions to be solved by the invention]
順便一說，即便是在風力發電廠內，也因為風車的位置，風況的分布也有所不同，正確計測風況分布，配合風車設置處的風況來控制風車的運轉是有必要。By the way, even in a wind power plant, because of the location of the windmill, the distribution of wind conditions is different. It is necessary to accurately measure the distribution of wind conditions and control the operation of the windmill in accordance with the wind conditions at the windmill setting.
今後，預想到風力發電廠會擴大到山區等的地形的複雜的場所。在建設在複雜的地形上的廠區內，風況分布也變得複雜。In the future, it is expected that wind power plants will expand to complex sites in mountainous terrain. The distribution of wind conditions has also become complicated in the construction of complex terrain.
此時，可以用增加計測點的方式來提升風況的計測及預測的精度。但是，都卜勒光達等風況的計測機器為價格高，所以在計測機器的增設方面，會有成本面上的界限。在此，配合廠區內的場所的地形，用低成本來正確計測風況分布的技術遂為重要。At this time, it is possible to increase the accuracy of the measurement and prediction of the wind condition by increasing the measurement point. However, since the measurement equipment of the wind conditions such as the Buhlerda is high in price, there is a limit on the cost side in terms of the addition of the measurement machine. Here, it is important to use the low cost to accurately measure the distribution of wind conditions in accordance with the topography of the site in the plant.
在專利文獻1，尚未言及到有關配合廠區內的場所的地形計測風況分布方面。In Patent Document 1, it has not been described in relation to the distribution of the topographical wind conditions of the facilities in the plant area.
本發明的目的，係在風力發電系統中，配合廠區內的場所的地形，用高精度且低成本來計測風況分布者。 [解決課題之手段]The object of the present invention is to measure the wind condition distribution with high precision and low cost in the wind power generation system in accordance with the topography of the location in the plant area. [Means for solving the problem]
本發明的其中一樣態的風力發電系統，具有：複數個風力發電裝置，其係被設置在廠區；都卜勒光達，其係被設置在複數個前述風力發電裝置中的至少其中一個，射出雷射線束來計測前述風力發電裝置的周邊的風況；以及控制裝置，其係根據用前述都卜勒光達計測出的前述風況，控制前述風力發電裝置；前述控制裝置，係控制成：從前述都卜勒光達，射出前述雷射線束在與設置了前述風力發電裝置之前述廠區內的場所的地形相應的方向。 [發明效果]A wind power generation system of the same aspect of the present invention has: a plurality of wind power generation devices installed in a plant area; and a Doppler light, which is disposed in at least one of the plurality of wind power generation devices, and is emitted a wind beam for measuring a wind condition around the wind power generator; and a control device for controlling the wind power generator according to the wind condition measured by the Doppler light meter; the control device is controlled to: From the aforementioned Doppler light, the lightning beam is emitted in a direction corresponding to the topography of the place where the aforementioned wind turbine generator is installed. [Effect of the invention]
根據本發明的其中一樣態，可以在風力發電系統中，配合廠區內的場所的地形，用高精度且低成本來計測風況分布。According to the same state of the present invention, it is possible to measure the wind condition distribution with high precision and low cost in the wind power generation system in accordance with the topography of the place in the plant area.
最初，說明有關實施方式。Initially, the relevant implementation is explained.
設置在單臺的風力發電裝置(以下，稱為風車)之都卜勒光達(以下，稱為光達)，係一般是以朝機艙的方向照射雷射線束的方式計測上風的風況來預測到達葉片的風況。The wind power generator (hereinafter referred to as a windmill), which is installed in a single wind turbine, is generally used to measure the wind of the wind by irradiating the beam of lightning into the direction of the engine room. To predict the wind conditions that reach the blade.
在實施方式中，作為設在複雜地形的風力發電廠(以下，稱為廠區)中的風況計測的手段，使用機艙搭載型的光達，配合設置風車的地形設定從光達照射出的雷射線束的方向。In the embodiment, as a means of measuring the wind condition in a wind power plant (hereinafter referred to as a factory area) having a complicated terrain, the cabin-mounted type of light is used, and the terrain of the windmill is set to set the light that is radiated from the light. The direction of the beam.
有關設置在複雜的地形上的廠區周邊的風車之光達，係不僅是位在延長風車的機艙的方向上的上風的區域，也對大為影響廠區內的風況的地形為複雜變化的區域照射雷射線束來計測該區域的風況。The windmills around the factory area set up on complex terrain are not only the upper winds in the direction of the engine room that extends the windmill, but also the complex terrain that greatly affects the wind conditions in the plant area. The area is illuminated by a beam of lightning rays to measure the wind conditions in the area.
如此，在實施方式中，使用機艙搭載型的光達的計測資訊，來進行廠區內中的風車的控制。不僅是位在延長風車的機艙的方向上的上風的區域，斟酌設置風車處的附近的地形的形狀，朝向地形為複雜變化的區域照射雷射線束來計測該區域的風況。經此，以高精度而且低成本進行廠區內的風況預測，使風車的疲勞負載減低而提升發電效率。 以下，參閱圖面，說明實施例。 [實施例1]As described above, in the embodiment, the measurement of the wind turbine in the plant area is performed using the measurement information of the cabin-mounted light. Not only the windward region in the direction of extending the nacelle of the windmill, but also the shape of the terrain in the vicinity of the windmill is set, and the wind beam is irradiated toward the region where the terrain is complicatedly changed to measure the wind condition of the region. As a result, the wind condition in the plant area is predicted with high precision and low cost, and the fatigue load of the windmill is reduced to improve the power generation efficiency. Hereinafter, an embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. [Example 1]
首先，參閱圖11，說明有關設置在廠區的單臺的風車20的構成。 如圖11表示，風車20係至少一片葉片1以及安裝有葉片1的轂2被支撐在機艙3而可以自由旋轉。以葉片1受風的方式，旋轉用葉片1及轂2構成的轉子23。為了計測風車20的上風的風況，在廠區內的一部分或者是全部的風車20的機艙3設置光達4。First, referring to Fig. 11, a configuration of a single windmill 20 installed in a factory area will be described. As shown in Fig. 11, the windmill 20 is at least one blade 1 and the hub 2 to which the blade 1 is attached is supported by the nacelle 3 so as to be freely rotatable. The rotor 23 composed of the blade 1 and the hub 2 is rotated so that the blade 1 receives wind. In order to measure the wind condition of the wind upwind of the windmill 20, a part of the plant area or all of the nacelle 3 of the windmill 20 is set to have a light of four.
光達4，係其特徵為包含有可以任意改變所射出的雷射線束的中心的方向之構造。該雷射線束6的方向的可變功能，係可以是把光達4固定在機艙3的構造所具有者，也可以是具有在光達4內。The light up to 4 is characterized by a configuration including a direction in which the center of the emitted Ray beam is arbitrarily changed. The variable function of the direction of the lightning beam 6 may be one in which the light 4 is fixed to the nacelle 3, or may be in the light up to 4.
在此，表示了相對於風的方向8，機艙3成為葉片1的上游之順風型，但是，也可以是機艙3成為葉片1的下風之逆風型的構成。順風型的情況下，光達4也可以配置在機艙3內。轉子23的旋轉，係傳遞到機艙3內的發電機(未圖示)而產生電力。Here, the nacelle 3 is a downwind type upstream of the blade 1 with respect to the direction 8 of the wind. However, the nacelle 3 may be configured to be a downwind type of the blade 1 . In the case of a downwind type, the light up to 4 can also be arranged in the nacelle 3. The rotation of the rotor 23 is transmitted to a generator (not shown) in the nacelle 3 to generate electric power.
接著，參閱圖1，說明有關實施例1的風力發電系統。圖1，係表示廠區中的風況計測方法。 如圖1表示，以設置了5臺的風車20(WT1～WT5)之廠區為例進行說明。Next, a wind power generation system according to Embodiment 1 will be described with reference to Fig. 1 . Figure 1 shows the wind condition measurement method in the plant area. As shown in Fig. 1, a factory area in which five windmills 20 (WT1 to WT5) are installed will be described as an example.
風車20係作為葉片1、轂2位置在機艙3的下風側之順風型，但是，也適用在逆風型的風車，可以得到與順風型同樣的效果。在此，在風車WT1、風車WT3、風車WT5設置光達4，各光達4係把用於風況計測的雷射線束6，射出在根據設置了風車WT1、風車WT3、風車WT5的場所周邊的地形而被最佳化的方向。經此，計測風車周邊的風。The windmill 20 is a downwind type in which the blade 1 and the hub 2 are positioned on the leeward side of the nacelle 3. However, the windmill 20 is also applicable to a windward type windmill, and the same effect as the downwind type can be obtained. Here, the windmill WT1, the windmill WT3, and the windmill WT5 are provided with light 4, and each of the light reaches 4 lines, and the lightning beam 6 for wind condition measurement is emitted around the place where the windmill WT1, the windmill WT3, and the windmill WT5 are installed. The terrain is optimized for the direction. Through this, the wind around the windmill is measured.
參閱圖2，說明有關風車20的控制方法。 首先，風車20的運轉資訊計測步驟中，計測：風車的輸出、發電機轉速、轉子轉速、平擺角、槳距角、機艙位置的氣象資訊(風向、風速、溫度、溼度、氣壓、日照、降雨)、塔的斜率、機艙傾斜的資訊等(S201)。Referring to Fig. 2, a method of controlling the windmill 20 will be described. First, in the operation information measurement step of the windmill 20, weather information such as wind turbine output, generator rotation speed, rotor rotation speed, swing angle, pitch angle, and cabin position (wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity, air pressure, sunshine, and the like) are measured. Rainfall), slope of the tower, information on the inclination of the cabin, etc. (S201).
接著，都卜勒光達所得之風況計測步驟中，計測風車前方的風況(風向、風速)(S202)。Next, in the wind condition measurement step obtained by the Buhler Light, the wind condition (wind direction, wind speed) in front of the windmill is measured (S202).
接著，記憶演算步驟中，根據在S201、S202計測出的資訊而預測廠區內的各風車20中的風況(S203)。風況的預測，係例如，利用機械學習來進行。Next, in the memory calculation step, the wind conditions in the wind turbines 20 in the plant area are predicted based on the information measured in S201 and S202 (S203). The prediction of wind conditions is performed, for example, using mechanical learning.
接著，在S203預測出預測資訊係經由控制訊號傳遞步驟，傳遞到廠區內的各風車20的運轉控制步驟(S204)。Next, in S203, it is predicted that the prediction information is transmitted to the operation control step of each windmill 20 in the plant area via the control signal transmission step (S204).
最後，運轉控制步驟中，根據從控制訊號傳遞步驟(S204)傳遞出的預測資訊，控制風車(S205)。 如此，預測各風車20中的風況，根據該預測結果，控制各風車20。Finally, in the operation control step, the windmill is controlled based on the prediction information transmitted from the control signal transmission step (S204) (S205). In this manner, the wind conditions in each of the windmills 20 are predicted, and the wind turbines 20 are controlled based on the predicted results.
參閱圖3，說明有關使用了機艙3的方向與雷射線束6的射出方向被設定在相同方向的光達4之例。 圖3般的廠區構成中，在風向8為西的情況下，除去亂流等的影響，3臺的光達4的計測值係以一定時間的平均值來見，為大致相等。因此，在使光達4的雷射線束6與機艙3的方向為一致的設置方法的情況下，設置光達4在各風車20(WT1～WT3)的優點不大。Referring to Fig. 3, an example will be described in which the direction in which the nacelle 3 is used and the direction in which the lightning beam 6 is emitted are set to the same direction. In the plant configuration as shown in Fig. 3, when the wind direction 8 is west, the influence of turbulent flow or the like is removed, and the measured values of the three lights up to 4 are substantially equal to each other for a certain period of time. Therefore, in the case of a method of setting the direction in which the light beam beam 6 of the light beam 4 is aligned with the direction of the nacelle 3, the advantage of providing the light up to 4 in each of the windmills 20 (WT1 to WT3) is small.
而且，使風車20的疲勞負載增加的要因也就是陣風，係伴隨著在短時間內的風向變化者為多，但是在如圖3般的雷射線束方向的設定下，是無法計測伴隨這樣的風向變化之陣風。Further, the factor that increases the fatigue load of the windmill 20, that is, the gust, is accompanied by a large change in the direction of the wind in a short period of time. However, in the setting of the direction of the lightning beam as shown in FIG. 3, it is impossible to measure such a gust. The gust of wind changes.
在此，參閱圖4，圖3表示的廠區構成中，說明有關把光達的計測結果反映到風車20的運轉控制之流程。該流程係與單機設置的情況同樣。Here, referring to FIG. 4 and the plant configuration shown in FIG. 3, a flow of reflecting the measurement result of the light to the operation control of the windmill 20 will be described. This process is the same as in the case of stand-alone setup.
最初，利用光達4，取得1地點的風況資料(S401)。 接著，根據在S401取得的風況資料，預測機械學習所得之廠區整體的風況(S402)。 最後，根據在S402預測出的廠區整體的風況，控制各風車20(WT1、WT2、WT3)。Initially, the wind condition data of one place is acquired by using the light up to 4 (S401). Next, based on the wind condition data acquired in S401, the wind condition of the entire plant area obtained by the mechanical learning is predicted (S402). Finally, each windmill 20 (WT1, WT2, WT3) is controlled based on the wind conditions of the entire plant site predicted in S402.
實施例1的廠區構成，係與圖3表示的廠區構成相異。如圖1表示，廠區中的風車20(WT1、WT5)的機艙3的方向、以及光達4的雷射線束6的掃瞄心方向為相異。亦即，設置在WT1與WT5之光達4的雷射線束6係朝向與機艙3的方向為相異的方向。經此，在特定的風向之際不會發生計測缺漏，可以計測廠區周邊的風況。其結果，可以提升廠區內的風況預測的精度。 [實施例2]The plant configuration of the first embodiment is different from the plant configuration shown in FIG. As shown in Fig. 1, the direction of the nacelle 3 of the windmills 20 (WT1, WT5) in the plant area and the direction of the scanning center of the lightning beam 6 of the light 4 are different. That is, the lightning beam 6 of the light WT1 and WT5 is set to be in a direction different from the direction of the nacelle 3. As a result, no measurement leaks occur in a specific wind direction, and wind conditions around the plant area can be measured. As a result, the accuracy of wind condition prediction in the plant area can be improved. [Embodiment 2]
參閱圖5、圖6、圖13，說明有關實施例2的風力發電系統。 首先，參閱圖13，說明有關風車20的控制的對象與光達的設定方法。在此，(a)為風車20的俯視圖，(b)為風車20的前視圖，(c)為風車20的側視圖。A wind power generation system according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 5, 6, and 13. First, referring to Fig. 13, a description will be given of a method of setting control of the windmill 20 and a method of setting light. Here, (a) is a plan view of the windmill 20, (b) is a front view of the windmill 20, and (c) is a side view of the windmill 20.
風車20的構成係與圖11表示的構成同樣。符號24為槳距角(朝葉片1的轂2之安裝角度)，配合風速而被調整。符號25為平擺角(風車20的方向)，配合風向而被調整。符號28為光達4的雷射線束的掃瞄中心方向。符號29為地形的梯度向量的方向。The configuration of the windmill 20 is the same as the configuration shown in FIG. Reference numeral 24 is a pitch angle (a mounting angle toward the hub 2 of the blade 1), which is adjusted in accordance with the wind speed. The symbol 25 is a sway angle (the direction of the windmill 20) and is adjusted in accordance with the wind direction. Symbol 28 is the scanning center direction of the lightning beam of light up to 4. Symbol 29 is the direction of the gradient vector of the terrain.
一般，機艙搭載型的光達4，係機艙3的方向27與光達4的雷射線束的掃瞄中心軸28為一致。此乃是，以使機艙3的方向與風向成一致的方式，是為了能夠正確計測在一定時間後到達風車20的風況，單機設置的情況下該配置是最理想的。Generally, the cabin-mounted light reaches 4, and the direction 27 of the nacelle 3 coincides with the scanning center axis 28 of the lightning beam of the light 4. This is to make the direction of the nacelle 3 coincide with the wind direction in order to accurately measure the wind condition that reaches the windmill 20 after a certain period of time. This arrangement is ideal in the case of a single unit setting.
但是，如圖13表示，從計測廠區周邊的複雜地形的風況觀點來看，是期望有把雷射線束的掃瞄中心軸28設定在梯度向量(slope gradient)的方向29。However, as shown in Fig. 13, from the viewpoint of the wind conditions of the complicated terrain around the plant area, it is desirable to set the scanning center axis 28 of the lightning beam in the direction 29 of the gradient gradient.
如圖5表示，符號10、11、12為等高線，該地形的形狀係表示南北方向延伸的山脊。在此，5臺的風車20(WT1～WT5)係沿山脊設置。沿著這樣的山脊配置風車20的型態是被採用在多數的廠區中。在此，假想為西風的話(在圖5為來自左方的風)，WT2、WT3、WT4的風車20中的風況係從地形形狀來考察，計測值的差為小。As shown in Fig. 5, the symbols 10, 11, and 12 are contour lines, and the shape of the terrain is a ridge extending in the north-south direction. Here, five windmills 20 (WT1 to WT5) are provided along the ridge. The configuration of the windmill 20 along such a ridge is used in most of the plant sites. Here, if it is assumed to be a westerly wind (the wind from the left in FIG. 5), the wind conditions in the windmills 20 of WT2, WT3, and WT4 are examined from the topographical shape, and the difference in measured values is small.
在另一方面，WT1與WT5的風車20係位置在山脊的端部，設置在此的光達4係從計測廠區周邊的複雜地形的風況的觀點來看是有必要。在此，風況計測，係利用WT1、WT3、WT5之3臺的風車20來進行。On the other hand, the windmill 20 of the WT1 and the WT5 is located at the end of the ridge, and the light 4 installed here is necessary from the viewpoint of the wind conditions of the complicated terrain around the plant area. Here, the wind condition measurement is performed using the windmills 20 of three of WT1, WT3, and WT5.
在圖5，風向暫定為西。實際上，因廠區內的風車20的位置而風向有所不同。為此，風車20，係根據設置位置中的風向，決定光達4的方向。圖5般的地形的情況下，考慮到在山脊的北端與南端，地形大幅變化，藉此風況變化也大，掌握該區域的風況這點係在了解廠區內的風況分布之下遂為重要。In Figure 5, the wind direction is tentatively west. In fact, the wind direction is different due to the location of the windmill 20 in the plant area. For this reason, the windmill 20 determines the direction of the light 4 based on the wind direction in the installation position. In the case of the topography of Figure 5, considering the north and south ends of the ridge, the terrain changes greatly, and the wind conditions change greatly. The wind conditions in the area are known to understand the wind distribution in the plant area. It is important.
在此，作為地形變化的大小的基準，使用梯度向量29(參閱圖13(a))。作為對象的地形係把水平面內的位置作為(x，y)，把該位置的標高作為h(x，y)，藉此，可以表示地形。梯度向量grad h(x，y)，係以下述的數學式1表示，藉此可以掌握地形的梯度的分布。梯度向量grad h(x，y)，係在圖6中，就山脊的西側以虛線的箭頭來表示。在此，i為水平面內x方向的單位向量，j為水平面內y方向的單位向量。Here, as a reference for the magnitude of the terrain change, a gradient vector 29 is used (see FIG. 13(a)). The terrain as the object has the position in the horizontal plane as (x, y) and the elevation of the position as h (x, y), whereby the terrain can be represented. The gradient vector grad h(x, y) is expressed by the following mathematical formula 1, whereby the distribution of the gradient of the terrain can be grasped. The gradient vector grad h(x, y) is shown in Figure 6, with the dashed arrow on the west side of the ridge. Here, i is a unit vector in the x direction in the horizontal plane, and j is a unit vector in the y direction in the horizontal plane.
[數學式1] [Math 1]
在圖6表示的地形中，在風車WT2、WT3、WT4的西側附近，位置所致之梯度向量29的變化少，在山脊的北端與南端，梯度向量29的方向為大幅變化。位置所致之地形的變化的大小，亦即地形的複雜度，係反映在梯度向量29的不同。在梯度向量29大幅變化的風車WT1與風車WT5的附近設置光達4來計測地形的複雜度所致之複雜的風況是有必要。In the topography shown in Fig. 6, the change in the gradient vector 29 due to the position is small in the vicinity of the west side of the windmills WT2, WT3, and WT4, and the direction of the gradient vector 29 is largely changed at the north end and the south end of the ridge. The magnitude of the change in the terrain caused by the location, that is, the complexity of the terrain, is reflected in the difference in the gradient vector 29. It is necessary to set a light up to 4 in the vicinity of the windmill WT1 and the windmill WT5 in which the gradient vector 29 greatly changes to measure the complicated wind condition caused by the complexity of the terrain.
為了了解廠區周邊的風況，光達4的數目、光達4的設置位置、各設置位置中的雷射線束6的方向，係可以依以下的順序來決定。In order to understand the wind conditions around the plant area, the number of light reaches 4, the position where the light reaches 4, and the direction of the lightning beam 6 in each set position can be determined in the following order.
首先，先暫定把光達4安裝到配置在廠區內全部的風車20，把雷射線束6的掃瞄中心軸28設定在梯度向量29的方向(參閱圖13)。First, it is tentatively set to install the light 4 to all the windmills 20 disposed in the plant area, and set the scanning center axis 28 of the lightning beam 6 in the direction of the gradient vector 29 (see Fig. 13).
接著，鄰接的風車上的光達4的雷射線束6的掃瞄中心軸28為一致，或者是方向的差為小(例如，10度以內的角度差)時，拆除掉設置在該雷射線束6的方向差為小的鄰接風車的光達4。接著，以殘留的光達4計測廠區周邊的風況。Then, when the scanning center axis 28 of the lightning beam 6 having the light of 4 on the adjacent windmill is identical, or the difference in direction is small (for example, an angular difference within 10 degrees), the lightning ray is removed. The difference in the direction of the beam 6 is a small light of 4 adjacent windmills. Next, the wind conditions around the plant area are measured with residual light up to 4.
設在圖6所示的地形之廠區中，雷射線束6的射出方向的差為小的是風車WT2、風車WT3、風車WT4。該情況下，僅殘留風車WT3的光達4。如此，減少光達4的數目，經此，使用最小限的數目的光達4而可以進行精度的高的風況的計測。In the plant area of the terrain shown in FIG. 6, the difference in the direction in which the lightning beam 6 is emitted is the windmill WT2, the windmill WT3, and the windmill WT4. In this case, only the light of the windmill WT3 remains at 4. In this way, the number of lights up to 4 is reduced, whereby the measurement of a high-accuracy wind condition can be performed using a minimum number of lights up to four.
在實施例2，暫定為掃描雷射線束的型式的光達4，規定把雷射線束6的方向作為掃瞄中心軸28。但是，就具有被固定有複數個方向的雷射線束6的型式的光達4，也可以把複數個雷射線束的方向的平均的方向定義為雷射線束的掃瞄中心軸28。In the second embodiment, the light of the type tentatively scanning the lightning beam is up to 4, and the direction of the lightning beam 6 is defined as the scanning central axis 28. However, it is also possible to define the average direction of the direction of the plurality of lightning beams as the scanning center axis 28 of the lightning beam by having the pattern of the lightning beam 6 in which the plurality of directions are fixed.
而且，規定了把雷射線束6的掃瞄中心軸28設定在地形的梯度向量29的方向，但是，並沒有必要使方向毫無誤差地一致。雷射線束的掃瞄中心軸28，係把梯度向量29與機艙方向27的中間的方位的差作為Δψ、把梯度向量的方位作為ψg、把雷射線束的方向作為ψl時，ψl係以決定為ψg±Δψ的範圍的方式，可以顯著地得到實施例2的效果。 [實施例3]Further, it is prescribed that the scanning center axis 28 of the lightning beam 6 is set in the direction of the gradient vector 29 of the terrain, but it is not necessary to make the directions coincide without error. The scanning center axis 28 of the lightning beam is obtained by taking the difference between the gradient vector 29 and the orientation in the middle of the nacelle direction 27 as Δψ, the orientation of the gradient vector as ψg, and the direction of the lightning beam as ψl. The effect of Example 2 can be remarkably obtained in the manner of the range of ψg±Δψ. [Example 3]
參閱圖7，說明有關實施例3的風力發電系統。 在實施例3，表示具有以電腦構成的記憶演算裝置21之系統。Referring to Fig. 7, a wind power generation system relating to Embodiment 3 will be described. In the third embodiment, a system having a memory calculation device 21 composed of a computer is shown.
如圖7表示，把廠區內的光達4的計測資訊與風車20的控制資訊集中到演算裝置21。演算裝置21，係從計測資訊與控制資訊，演算廠區內的各風車20(WT1～WTN)的控制訊號，例如槳距角、平擺角等。演算裝置21，係把演算出的控制訊號送到廠區內的各風車20(WT1～WTN)。As shown in Fig. 7, the measurement information of the light up to 4 in the plant area and the control information of the windmill 20 are collected in the calculation device 21. The calculation device 21 calculates the control signals of the windmills 20 (WT1 to WTN) in the plant area, such as the pitch angle and the swing angle, from the measurement information and the control information. The calculation device 21 sends the calculated control signals to the windmills 20 (WT1 to WTN) in the plant area.
根據實施例3，最佳化各風車20的發電效率及疲勞負載，可以圖求廠區整體的發電效率的提升與疲勞負載的減低。 [實施例4]According to the third embodiment, the power generation efficiency and the fatigue load of each of the windmills 20 are optimized, and the improvement of the power generation efficiency and the fatigue load of the entire plant area can be obtained. [Example 4]
參閱圖8、圖13，說明有關實施例4的風力發電系統。 在實施例1～3，說明了假想光達4的雷射線束6的射出方向設定在水平面內的範圍之情況。但是，從橫方向看實際的地形，如圖8表示，一般是伴隨著起伏的。A wind power generation system according to Embodiment 4 will be described with reference to Figs. 8 and 13 . In the first to third embodiments, the case where the emission direction of the lightning beam 6 of the virtual light 4 is set in the horizontal plane has been described. However, the actual terrain viewed from the lateral direction, as shown in Fig. 8, is generally accompanied by undulations.
如圖8表示，風車20係為了避免地形所致之風的遮蔽效果，多有設置在起伏極大的位置之情況。在這樣的情況下，如圖13(b)表示，配合傾斜的地形22a來射出雷射線束28。經此，可以大量取得與車20的周邊的風況分布有關的資訊，可以提升到達風車20的風況預測的精度。 [實施例5]As shown in Fig. 8, the windmill 20 is often placed at a position where the undulation is extremely large in order to avoid the shielding effect of the wind caused by the terrain. In such a case, as shown in Fig. 13 (b), the lightning beam 28 is emitted in cooperation with the inclined topography 22a. As a result, information relating to the distribution of the wind conditions around the vehicle 20 can be obtained in a large amount, and the accuracy of the wind condition prediction reaching the windmill 20 can be improved. [Example 5]
參閱圖9、圖12，說明有關實施例5的風力發電系統。 圖9，係表示廠區中的風車20的控制系統的其中一例，為在圖6的風力發電系統追加用電腦構成的記憶演算裝置21者。A wind power generation system according to Embodiment 5 will be described with reference to Figs. 9 and 12 . FIG. 9 shows an example of a control system of the windmill 20 in the plant area, and is a memory calculation device 21 that is configured by adding a computer to the wind power generation system of FIG.
記憶演算裝置21，係可以設置在從廠區內的風車20獨立出來的場所，也可以分散設置到各風車20。在記憶演算裝置21，與廠區內的複數個風車20(WT1～WT5)連接。The memory calculation device 21 may be installed at a place separate from the windmill 20 in the plant area, or may be distributed to each of the windmills 20. The memory calculation device 21 is connected to a plurality of windmills 20 (WT1 to WT5) in the plant area.
如圖9表示，把廠區內的光達4的風況計測資訊與風車20的控制資訊集中到記憶演算裝置21。記憶演算裝置21，係從風況計測資訊，演算廠區內的各風車20的控制資訊(例如，槳距角、平擺角等)。記憶演算裝置21，係把演算出的控制資訊送到廠區內的各風車20。As shown in FIG. 9, the wind condition measurement information of the light up to 4 in the plant area and the control information of the windmill 20 are concentrated in the memory calculation device 21. The memory calculation device 21 calculates the control information (for example, the pitch angle, the swing angle, and the like) of each of the windmills 20 in the plant area from the wind condition measurement information. The memory calculation device 21 sends the calculated control information to each of the windmills 20 in the plant area.
廠區內的風車20(WT1～WT5)，係對各個風車20，根據基於廠區內的光達4所得之風況計測資訊與廠區內的風車20的控制資訊所預測出的風況，被個別地控制。The windmills 20 (WT1 to WT5) in the plant area are individually determined for each windmill 20 based on the wind condition measurement information obtained based on the light in the plant area and the control information of the windmill 20 in the plant area. control.
如此，把風車20(WT1～WT5)連接到記憶演算裝置21，經此，來自各風車20(WT1～WT5)的風況計測資訊與來自記憶演算裝置21的控制資訊，係在廠區內的風車20與記憶演算裝置21之間共有。整合並使用廠區內的風車20的位置中的運轉資訊與光達4所得之廠區周邊的計測資訊，藉此，可以高精度預測廠區內的風況。In this manner, the windmills 20 (WT1 to WT5) are connected to the memory calculation device 21, whereby the wind condition measurement information from each of the windmills 20 (WT1 to WT5) and the control information from the memory calculation device 21 are the windmills in the factory area. 20 is shared with the memory calculation device 21. By integrating and using the operation information in the position of the windmill 20 in the plant area and the measurement information around the plant area obtained by the light source 4, it is possible to accurately predict the wind condition in the plant area.
而且，可以提升經由利用了儲存在演算裝置21之過去的風況計測資訊或控制資訊之機械學習所預測的精度。Moreover, the accuracy predicted by the mechanical learning using the wind condition measurement information or the control information stored in the past of the calculation device 21 can be improved.
接著，參閱圖12，說明有關包含圖9的記憶演算裝置21之控制裝置120的構成。 如圖12表示，在風車20的運轉資訊計測部30，計測：風車20的輸出、發電機轉速、轉子轉速、平擺角、槳距角、機艙位置的氣象資訊(風向、風速、溫度、溼度、氣壓、日照、降雨)、塔的斜率、機艙傾斜等的資訊等。Next, a configuration of the control device 120 including the memory calculation device 21 of Fig. 9 will be described with reference to Fig. 12 . As shown in FIG. 12, in the operation information measuring unit 30 of the windmill 20, weather information (wind direction, wind speed, temperature, humidity) of the output of the windmill 20, the generator rotation speed, the rotor rotation speed, the swing angle, the pitch angle, and the cabin position are measured. , air pressure, sunshine, rainfall), tower slope, cabin tilt and other information.
在光達4所得之風況計測部31，計測風車前方的風況(風向、風速)。 在記憶演算裝置21(參閱圖9)，以在運轉資訊計測部30及風況計測部31所計測出的資訊為基礎，預測廠區內的各風車20中的風況。預測資訊係透過控制訊號傳遞部32，傳遞到廠區內的各風車20的運轉控制部33。運轉控制部33，係根據透過控制訊號傳遞部32所傳遞出的預測資訊，進行風車20的控制(平擺角、槳距角)。The wind condition measuring unit 31 obtained by the light 4 measures the wind condition (wind direction, wind speed) in front of the windmill. The memory calculation device 21 (see FIG. 9) predicts the wind conditions in each of the windmills 20 in the plant area based on the information measured by the operation information measurement unit 30 and the wind condition measurement unit 31. The prediction information is transmitted to the operation control unit 33 of each of the windmills 20 in the plant area via the control signal transmission unit 32. The operation control unit 33 performs control (tilt angle, pitch angle) of the windmill 20 based on the prediction information transmitted through the control signal transmission unit 32.
而且，在記憶演算裝置21，預先記憶有廠區內的地形資訊(傾斜方向、梯度向量等)。運轉控制部33，係把從記憶演算裝置21透過控制訊號傳遞部32傳遞出的地形資訊作為控制資訊送到風車20的光達4。光達4，係根據從運轉控制部33送出的地形資訊，獨立於機艙3的方向，自動地改變光達4的雷射線束6的射出方向。Further, in the memory calculation device 21, terrain information (inclination direction, gradient vector, etc.) in the plant area is memorized in advance. The operation control unit 33 transmits the topographical information transmitted from the memory calculation device 21 through the control signal transmission unit 32 to the windmill 20 as control information. The light up to 4 automatically changes the emission direction of the lightning beam 6 of the light 4 independently of the direction of the nacelle 3 based on the topographical information sent from the operation control unit 33.
如此，控制裝置120，係控制光達4，使得以把雷射線束6射出在與設置了風車20的廠區內的場所的地形相應的方向。此時，理想上，考慮到該一時一時的風向、風速等，地形的傾斜也作為判斷材料，控制成自動地改變雷射線束6的射出方向。Thus, the control device 120 controls the light up to 4 so that the lightning beam 6 is emitted in a direction corresponding to the topography of the location in the plant where the windmill 20 is installed. At this time, ideally, in consideration of the wind direction, the wind speed, and the like at a time, the inclination of the terrain is also used as a judgment material, and is controlled to automatically change the emission direction of the lightning beam 6.
尚且，圖12中的控制，為依照運轉資訊計測部30及風況計測部31、控制訊號傳遞部32、運轉控制部33的順序進行處理之前饋(FF)控制。但是，也可以採用依照運轉資訊計測部30、運轉控制部33、運轉資訊計測部30的順序進行處理之回饋(FB)控制。而且，也可以並用FB控制與FF控制。 [實施例6]In addition, the control in FIG. 12 performs processing feed forward (FF) control in the order of the operation information measurement unit 30, the wind condition measurement unit 31, the control signal transmission unit 32, and the operation control unit 33. However, feedback (FB) control in accordance with the order of the operation information measuring unit 30, the operation control unit 33, and the operation information measuring unit 30 may be employed. Moreover, FB control and FF control can also be used in combination. [Embodiment 6]
參閱圖10，說明有關實施例6的風力發電系統。 實施例6的風力發電系統，具有改變搭載在機艙3的光達4的雷射線束6的照射方向之機構。在此，(a)、(c)為俯視圖，(b)、(d)為側視圖。Referring to Fig. 10, a wind power generation system according to Embodiment 6 will be described. The wind power generation system of the sixth embodiment has a mechanism for changing the irradiation direction of the lightning beam 6 of the light 4 mounted in the nacelle 3. Here, (a) and (c) are plan views, and (b) and (d) are side views.
在圖10(a)、(b)表示的機構中，把光達4的本體固定到機艙3，藉由射出內建在光達4的雷射線束6之光學系統來決定雷射線束6的射出角度。在該機構，調整光達4的本體的角度之機構為非必要，但是，在射出雷射線束6的角度的範圍是有限制。In the mechanism shown in Figs. 10(a) and (b), the body of the light 4 is fixed to the nacelle 3, and the optical beam system of the lightning beam 6 built in the light beam 4 is emitted to determine the lightning beam 6 Shooting angle. In this mechanism, a mechanism for adjusting the angle of the body of the light 4 is unnecessary, but the range of the angle at which the beam X is emitted is limited.
在圖10(c)、(d)表示的機構中，具備使光達4的本體的角度相對於機艙3而變化之機構，藉此，決定雷射線束6的射出角度。在該機構，是有必要附加調整光達4的本體的角度之機構，但是，雷射線束6的射出角度的設定的自由度為大。The mechanism shown in FIGS. 10(c) and (d) includes a mechanism for changing the angle of the body of the light 4 with respect to the nacelle 3, thereby determining the emission angle of the lightning beam 6. In this mechanism, it is necessary to add a mechanism for adjusting the angle of the body of the light 4, but the degree of freedom in setting the angle of incidence of the lightning beam 6 is large.
1‧‧‧葉片1‧‧‧ leaves
2‧‧‧轂2‧‧‧ hub
3‧‧‧機艙3‧‧‧Cabinet
4‧‧‧都卜勒光達4‧‧‧Dobler
5‧‧‧塔5 ‧ ‧ tower
6‧‧‧雷射線束6‧‧‧Ray beam
7‧‧‧雷射線束所得之計測區域7‧‧‧Measurement area obtained from lightning beams
20‧‧‧風力發電裝置20‧‧‧Wind power plant
21‧‧‧演算裝置21‧‧‧calculation device
23‧‧‧轉子23‧‧‧Rotor
24‧‧‧槳距旋轉24‧‧‧Pitch rotation
25‧‧‧平擺旋轉25‧‧‧ flat swing
26‧‧‧平擺旋轉軸26‧‧‧ flat swing axis
27‧‧‧機艙方位軸27‧‧‧Cabin azimuth axis
30‧‧‧運轉資訊計測部30‧‧‧Operation Information Measurement Department
31‧‧‧風況計測部31‧‧‧Wind Conditioning Department
32‧‧‧控制訊號傳遞部32‧‧‧Control Signal Transmission Department
33‧‧‧運轉控制部33‧‧‧Operation Control Department
[圖1]表示實施例1的風力發電系統之圖。 [圖2]表示風車的控制流程之圖。 [圖3]表示風況計測方法的其中一例之圖。 [圖4]表示風車的控制流程的其中一例之圖。 [圖5]表示實施例2的風力發電系統之圖。 [圖6]表示實施例2的風力發電系統之圖。 [圖7]表示實施例3的風力發電系統之圖。 [圖8]表示實施例4的風力發電系統之圖。 [圖9]表示實施例5的風力發電系統之圖。 [圖10]表示實施例6的風力發電系統之圖。 [圖11]表示設置在廠區的單臺的風車的整體構成之圖。 [圖12]表示控制裝置的構成之圖。 [圖13]表示風車控制的對象與都卜勒光達的設定方法之圖。Fig. 1 is a view showing a wind power generation system of a first embodiment. Fig. 2 is a view showing a control flow of a windmill. FIG. 3 is a view showing an example of a wind condition measuring method. Fig. 4 is a view showing an example of a control flow of a windmill. Fig. 5 is a view showing a wind power generation system of a second embodiment. Fig. 6 is a view showing a wind power generation system of a second embodiment. Fig. 7 is a view showing a wind power generation system of a third embodiment. Fig. 8 is a view showing a wind power generation system of a fourth embodiment. Fig. 9 is a view showing a wind power generation system of a fifth embodiment. Fig. 10 is a view showing a wind power generation system of a sixth embodiment. Fig. 11 is a view showing the overall configuration of a single wind turbine installed in a factory area. Fig. 12 is a view showing the configuration of a control device. FIG. 13 is a view showing a method of setting the windmill control and a method of setting the Doppler light.
Claims (10)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2017-136238 | 2017-07-12 | ||
| JP2017136238A JP2019022258A (en) | 2017-07-12 | 2017-07-12 | Wind power generation system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201908598A true TW201908598A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
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| TW107123792A TW201908598A (en) | 2017-07-12 | 2018-07-10 | Wind power-generation system |
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| JP (1) | JP2019022258A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW201908598A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2019012788A1 (en) |
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| WO2023152862A1 (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Wind condition learning device, wind condition predicting device, and drone system |
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| GB2481789A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2012-01-11 | Vestas Wind Sys As | Reducing yaw error in wind turbines |
| EP2853729B1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2016-06-15 | Alstom Renovables España, S.L. | Wind turbine with a wind sensing apparatus |
| GB2523375A (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-08-26 | Sgurrenergy Ltd | Method and system for improving energy capture efficiency from an energy capture device |
| WO2015135552A1 (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2015-09-17 | Windar Photonics A/S | Lidar alignment tool for aligning a lidar system with a rotation axis of a rotor of a wind turbine |
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2017
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