TW201842284A - Pneumatically adjustable continuously variable transmission - Google Patents
Pneumatically adjustable continuously variable transmission Download PDFInfo
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- TW201842284A TW201842284A TW107110868A TW107110868A TW201842284A TW 201842284 A TW201842284 A TW 201842284A TW 107110868 A TW107110868 A TW 107110868A TW 107110868 A TW107110868 A TW 107110868A TW 201842284 A TW201842284 A TW 201842284A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H55/00—Elements with teeth or friction surfaces for conveying motion; Worms, pulleys or sheaves for gearing mechanisms
- F16H55/32—Friction members
- F16H55/52—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction
- F16H55/56—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable
- F16H55/563—Pulleys or friction discs of adjustable construction of which the bearing parts are relatively axially adjustable actuated by centrifugal masses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H9/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members
- F16H9/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion
- F16H9/04—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes
- F16H9/12—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members
- F16H9/16—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts
- F16H9/18—Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by endless flexible members without members having orbital motion using belts, V-belts, or ropes engaging a pulley built-up out of relatively axially-adjustable parts in which the belt engages the opposite flanges of the pulley directly without interposed belt-supporting members using two pulleys, both built-up out of adjustable conical parts only one flange of each pulley being adjustable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
- B60Y2400/40—Actuators for moving a controlled member
- B60Y2400/408—Pneumatic actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
- F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
- F16H61/30—Hydraulic or pneumatic motors or related fluid control means therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/04—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism
- F16H63/06—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions
- F16H63/065—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions hydraulic actuating means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transmissions By Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明係關於一種詳言之用於諸如兩輪車、三輪車、四輪機車或履帶式雪上汽車之小型載具的可氣動調整之無段變速傳動裝置(continuously variable transmission,CVT),以及係關於一種內燃機及一種載具。本發明係關於一種可氣動調整之CVT,其具有如獨立技術方案1之預表徵條款的特徵。 The present invention relates to a pneumatically adjustable continuously variable transmission (CVT) for small vehicles such as two-wheeled vehicles, three-wheeled vehicles, four-wheeled locomotives, or tracked snowmobiles. An internal combustion engine and a vehicle. The invention relates to a pneumatically adjustable CVT, which has the characteristics of the pre-characterized clauses of the independent technical solution 1.
CVT在各種具體實例中自先前技術已知曉。與具有固定速率的傳動裝置相比,有可能藉助於無段變速傳動裝置在每一狀況下在載具上達成合適傳動比。此等CVT之應用的一個特定區域係用於小型載具中,例如,兩輪車、三輪車(「嘟嘟車」)、履帶式雪上汽車、四輪機車或小輪機踏車中。在此等CVT中,離心式調速器常用以調整傳動帶在錐形滑輪對上的位置。視旋轉速度而定,離心調速器之離心重量塊之徑向位置改變,藉此改變兩個錐形滑輪之間的軸向距離,且結果,改變傳動裝置的傳動比。然而,此等配置之一個缺點為不可能對CVT之傳動比進行主動的開環或閉環干預。此處將合乎需要的是具有對可尤其用於小型載具上之CVT之傳動比進行開環或閉環控制干預的簡單方式。 CVTs are known from the prior art in various specific examples. Compared with a transmission with a fixed speed, it is possible to achieve a suitable transmission ratio on the vehicle in each case by means of a stepless transmission. One specific area for the application of these CVTs is in small vehicles, such as two-wheeled vehicles, tricycles ("tuk-tuk"), tracked snowmobiles, four-wheeled locomotives or small-wheeled treadmills. In these CVTs, centrifugal governors are often used to adjust the position of the drive belt on a pair of tapered pulleys. Depending on the rotation speed, the radial position of the centrifugal weight of the centrifugal governor changes, thereby changing the axial distance between the two tapered pulleys, and as a result, the transmission ratio of the transmission is changed. However, one disadvantage of these configurations is that it is not possible to actively open-loop or closed-loop interfere with the transmission ratio of the CVT. It would be desirable here to have a simple way to have open-loop or closed-loop control interventions on the transmission ratio of a CVT that can be used especially on small vehicles.
DE 10 2015 214 153 A1展示具有可氣動調整裝置之CVT,該可氣動調整裝置借助於氣動力調整可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪。為此目的,提供一 種用於調整可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪之位置的調整裝置。調整裝置為可氣動調整裝置,其借助於氣動力調整可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪。調整裝置包含氣動空間,其配置於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪的後側上。此處,可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪的後側為並不與CVT之環繞構件接觸的側。藉由改變氣動空間中之壓力,因此致使錐形滑輪之軸向移動。此處,壓力抵消或加強由離心元件施加的力。 DE 10 2015 214 153 A1 shows a CVT with a pneumatically adjustable device that adjusts an axially movable conical pulley by means of aerodynamics. For this purpose, an adjusting device is provided for adjusting the position of an axially movable conical pulley. The adjusting device is a pneumatically adjustable device that adjusts a conical pulley that can be moved axially by means of aerodynamic force. The adjustment device comprises a pneumatic space, which is arranged on the rear side of the conical pulley which can be moved axially. Here, the rear side of the tapered pulley that is axially movable is the side that is not in contact with the surrounding member of the CVT. By changing the pressure in the aerospace, the axial movement of the conical pulley is caused. Here, the pressure cancels or strengthens the force applied by the centrifugal element.
根據本發明,提議一種CVT。該CVT包含:一錐形滑輪對,其具有至少一個可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪;一調整裝置,其用於調整該可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪的一位置;及一控制單元,其經設計以致動該調整裝置以便使該可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪之該位置發生變化。此處,該調整裝置包含一氣動空間,該氣動空間配置於該可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪的一後側,其結果為該氣動空間中之一壓力的一改變致使該可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪在軸向方向上的一軸向移動。此處,離心元件配置於該可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪上,其中該氣動空間藉由該可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪的該後側及一滑輪殼體之一前側界定。根據本發明,斜坡狀支撐區形成於滑輪殼體之前側上,其中該等離心元件配置於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪與該斜坡狀支撐區之間。 According to the present invention, a CVT is proposed. The CVT includes: a tapered pulley pair having at least one tapered pulley that can be moved axially; an adjustment device for adjusting a position of the tapered pulley that can be moved axially; and a control unit It is designed to actuate the adjustment device so that the position of the axially movable conical pulley changes. Here, the adjusting device includes a pneumatic space, which is arranged on a rear side of the axially movable conical pulley. As a result, a change in a pressure in the pneumatic space causes the axially movable An axial movement of the moving tapered pulley in the axial direction. Here, the centrifugal element is disposed on the axially movable conical pulley, wherein the aerospace is defined by the rear side of the axially movable conical pulley and a front side of a pulley housing. According to the present invention, a ramp-shaped support area is formed on the front side of the pulley housing, wherein the centrifugal elements are disposed between a conical pulley that is axially movable and the ramp-shaped support area.
本發明之優勢 Advantages of the invention
與先前技術形成對比,根據本發明之具有技術方案1之特徵的CVT具有如下優勢:特別簡單且緊湊之氣動空間產生於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪的後側上。氣動空間可藉由可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪之後側及滑輪殼體以簡單且緊湊方式形成。借助於離心元件之形成於滑輪殼體之前側上的斜坡狀支撐區,有可能消除配置於例如滑輪殼體與可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪之間且具有斜坡狀支撐區的其他組件,且因此亦有利地節省安裝空間。此外,離心元件可藉 由形成於滑輪殼體之前側上之斜坡狀支撐區以穩定方式被有利地導引,此促成CVT之有利穩定的構造。同時,具有形成於滑輪殼體之前側上之支撐區的CVT裝配有利地為簡單的。 In contrast to the prior art, the CVT according to the invention having the features of claim 1 has the advantage that a particularly simple and compact pneumatic space is produced on the rear side of the conical pulley that can be moved axially. The aerodynamic space can be formed in a simple and compact manner by the rear side of the conical pulley and the pulley housing which can be moved axially. With the help of the ramp-shaped support area of the centrifugal element formed on the front side of the pulley housing, it is possible to eliminate other components which are arranged between the pulley housing and the axially movable conical pulley and have a slope-shaped support area, It is therefore also advantageous to save installation space. In addition, the centrifugal element can be advantageously guided in a stable manner by means of a ramp-like support area formed on the front side of the pulley housing, which contributes to a favorable and stable construction of the CVT. At the same time, the assembly of a CVT with a support area formed on the front side of the pulley housing is advantageously simple.
藉由附屬技術方案中指示之特徵使得本發明之另外有利具體實例及研發成為可能。 By means of the features indicated in the accompanying technical solutions, further advantageous specific examples and development of the invention are possible.
在可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪至少部分配置於滑輪殼體內的情況下為有利的。因此,可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪可在滑輪殼體內在軸向方向上有利地移動且以此方式形成可變之氣動空間,該氣動空間可例如藉由來自連接管線之壓力來修改。因此,可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪自身充當用於調整傳動比的一種活塞。 It is advantageous if the axially movable conical pulley is arranged at least partially within the pulley housing. Thus, an axially movable conical pulley can be advantageously moved in the axial direction within the pulley housing and in this way forms a variable aerodynamic space, which can be modified, for example, by pressure from the connection line. Therefore, the axially movable conical pulley acts as a kind of piston for adjusting the transmission ratio.
在有利的說明性具體實例中,設想到,圓柱形殼體壁形成於滑輪殼體上,其中圓柱形滑輪壁形成於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪上,其中圓柱形滑輪壁在殼體壁內徑向地配置於重疊區中,且殼體壁及滑輪壁關於外部區在徑向方向上以此方式定界氣動空間。因此,可形成有利可撓且可變之氣動空間。同時,有利地有可能的是,對於氣動空間,以此方式單獨地借助於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪及滑輪殼體在朝向固定錐形滑輪之軸向方向上且在遠離固定錐形滑輪之軸向方向上以及在徑向方向兩者上定界。因此,可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪自身充當用於調整傳動比的一種活塞。 In an advantageous illustrative specific example, it is envisaged that a cylindrical housing wall is formed on the pulley housing, wherein the cylindrical pulley wall is formed on an axially movable conical pulley, wherein the cylindrical pulley wall is on the housing The inside of the wall is arranged radially in the overlapping area, and the housing wall and the pulley wall delimit the aerospace space in a radial direction with respect to the outside area. As a result, an advantageous flexible and variable aerodynamic space can be formed. At the same time, it is advantageously possible, for pneumatic spaces, in this way to rely solely on the axially movable conical pulley and the pulley housing in the axial direction towards the fixed conical pulley and away from the fixed cone The pulley is delimited in both the axial direction and the radial direction. Therefore, the axially movable conical pulley acts as a kind of piston for adjusting the transmission ratio.
在密封元件在重疊區中配置於滑輪壁與殼體壁之間的情況下為有利的,其中密封元件以環形狀包圍滑輪壁。借助於此種密封元件,氣動空間在重疊區中可被有利地良好密封。同時,可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪可相對於滑輪殼體在軸向方向上有利地移動,同時重疊區中之密封得以保持。 It is advantageous if the sealing element is arranged between the pulley wall and the housing wall in the overlap region, wherein the sealing element surrounds the pulley wall in a ring shape. By means of such a sealing element, the pneumatic space can be advantageously well sealed in the overlap region. At the same time, the axially movable conical pulley can be advantageously moved in the axial direction relative to the pulley housing, while the seal in the overlap area is maintained.
在有利說明性具體實例中,包圍滑輪壁且其中配置有密封元件的凹槽形成於滑輪壁中。因此,密封元件可在滑輪壁中有利地固定,且在可軸 向地移動之錐形滑輪相對於滑輪殼體之軸向移動期間在重疊區中與錐形滑輪一起移動。 In an advantageous illustrative specific example, a groove surrounding the pulley wall and in which a sealing element is arranged is formed in the pulley wall. Thus, the sealing element can be advantageously fixed in the pulley wall and moves with the tapered pulley in the overlap area during the axial movement of the axially movable tapered pulley relative to the pulley housing.
其在滑輪殼體與可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪一起旋轉的情況下有利。因此,藉由可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪及滑輪殼體界定之氣動空間亦旋轉。 It is advantageous if the pulley housing is rotated together with an axially movable conical pulley. Therefore, the aerodynamic space defined by the axially movable conical pulley and the pulley housing also rotates.
在有利的說明性具體實例中,設想到相對於支撐區凸起之中間區形成於滑輪殼體之前側上的斜坡狀支撐區之間。此等凸起之中間區可有利地充當針對錐形滑輪之線性運動且針對扭矩傳輸的導引件。此外,中間區可例如亦有利地嚙合於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪之後側中具有互補設計的凹部中,結果為滑輪殼體與可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪一起有利地旋轉,且扭矩可自曲柄軸傳輸至滑輪殼體且向前傳輸至可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪。 In an advantageous illustrative specific example, it is envisaged that a middle region that is raised relative to the support region is formed between the ramp-like support regions on the front side of the pulley housing. These raised intermediate regions can advantageously serve as guides for linear movement of the conical pulleys and for torque transmission. Furthermore, the intermediate zone can, for example, also advantageously engage in a recess with a complementary design in the rear side of the axially movable conical pulley, with the result that the pulley housing advantageously rotates together with the axially movable conical pulley, And the torque can be transmitted from the crank shaft to the pulley housing and forward to the conical pulley that can be moved axially.
其中配置有滑動元件之中間區凹槽形成於中間區之側壁上為有利的。此處,滑動元件與可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪接觸。因此,有利地簡單且穩定之接觸可建立於可軸向地移動之滑輪與滑輪殼體之間,結果為例如滑輪殼體與可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪一起有利地旋轉。在此狀況下,滑動元件可有利地簡化可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪的軸向移動,此係由於例如滑動元件有利地減少了摩擦。此外,滑動元件有利地起到減震作用。 It is advantageous for the groove in the middle region in which the sliding element is arranged to be formed on the side wall of the middle region. Here, the sliding element is in contact with a conical pulley that can be moved axially. Therefore, advantageously simple and stable contact can be established between the axially movable pulley and the pulley housing, with the result that, for example, the pulley housing is advantageously rotated together with the axially movable tapered pulley. In this case, the sliding element can advantageously simplify the axial movement of the axially movable conical pulley, because, for example, the sliding element advantageously reduces friction. In addition, the sliding element advantageously functions as a shock absorber.
其此外在滑輪殼體具有一體式設計的情況下證明為有利的。以此方式,可提供具有有利地減小之數目個組件的特別簡單且節省空間之CVT。 It also proves advantageous if the pulley housing has a one-piece design. In this way, a particularly simple and space-saving CVT can be provided with an advantageously reduced number of components.
在有利說明性具體實例中,CVT此外包含真空源,詳言之進口管道,其可連接至氣動空間。氣動調整裝置可以一方式設計以借助於真空來調整可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪。當使用氣動貯器時,真空因此有利地儲存於氣動貯器中。氣動貯器可藉由連接管線連接至真空源。 In an advantageous illustrative specific example, the CVT further comprises a vacuum source, in particular an inlet pipe, which can be connected to a pneumatic space. The pneumatic adjustment device can be designed in a way to adjust a conical pulley that can be moved axially by means of a vacuum. When using a pneumatic receptacle, the vacuum is therefore advantageously stored in the pneumatic receptacle. The pneumatic reservoir can be connected to a vacuum source via a connection line.
此外,本發明係關於一種包含根據本發明之CVT的內燃機。內燃機包含例如至少一個氣缸及通向氣缸之一個進口管道,其中該進口管道連接 至CVT之氣動調整裝置以便提供氣動力從而調整CVT。此處,進口管道可連接至氣動空間。藉由使用進口管道,因此有可能將真空用於氣動調整CVT。此為特別有利的,此係由於真空在任何狀況下存在於具有進口管道之內燃機中,且可另外用以設定CVT之傳動比。 Furthermore, the invention relates to an internal combustion engine comprising a CVT according to the invention. The internal combustion engine includes, for example, at least one cylinder and an inlet pipe to the cylinder, wherein the inlet pipe is connected to a pneumatic adjustment device of the CVT to provide aerodynamic power to adjust the CVT. Here, the inlet pipe can be connected to the pneumatic space. By using an inlet pipe, it is possible to use vacuum for pneumatically adjusting the CVT. This is particularly advantageous, since the vacuum exists in an internal combustion engine with an inlet pipeline under any conditions, and can additionally be used to set the transmission ratio of the CVT.
此外,本發明係關於包含根據本發明之CVT及/或根據本發明之內燃機的載具。載具較佳地具有載具底盤,詳言之套管或套管總成,其可設計為氣動貯器。為此目的,有可能例如提供中空框架,在該中空框架中,額外壓力或真空可用作氣動貯器從而供應用於調整CVT的氣動力。此情形在使用通常具有此種中空框架的兩輪車或三輪車時為特別有利的。因此,不需要另外組件用於氣動貯器;需要的所有組件氣密地封閉中空套管或類似者之一些區段以便充當氣動貯器。 Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle comprising a CVT according to the invention and / or an internal combustion engine according to the invention. The carrier preferably has a carrier chassis, a sleeve or sleeve assembly in detail, which can be designed as a pneumatic receptacle. For this purpose, it is possible, for example, to provide a hollow frame in which additional pressure or vacuum can be used as a pneumatic reservoir to supply aerodynamic forces for adjusting the CVT. This situation is particularly advantageous when using two- or three-wheeled vehicles that typically have such a hollow frame. Therefore, no additional components are required for the pneumatic reservoir; all the components required are hermetically closing some sections of the hollow casing or the like in order to act as a pneumatic reservoir.
根據本發明之載具較佳為小型載具,詳言之二輪車或三輪車或四輪機車或履帶式雪上汽車或滑板車或類似者。 The vehicle according to the present invention is preferably a small vehicle, specifically a two-wheeled vehicle or a three-wheeled vehicle or a four-wheeled locomotive or a crawler snowmobile or a scooter or the like.
本發明之說明性具體實例在圖式中展示且在以下描述中更詳細地解釋,其中:圖1展示根據本發明之第一說明性具體實例的用於小型載具之CVT的示意性說明,圖2展示通過圖1中之CVT之主驅動器的示意性區段,圖3展示圖1及圖2中之CVT之滑輪殼體之說明性具體實例的說明,圖4展示可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪與離心元件之說明性具體實例的說明,圖5展示第一說明性具體實例之調整閥的示意性說明,且 圖6展示根據本發明之第二說明性具體實例的調整閥之示意性說明。 An illustrative specific example of the present invention is shown in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description, wherein: FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a CVT for a small vehicle according to a first illustrative specific example of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows a schematic section of the main drive through the CVT in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 shows an illustration of an illustrative specific example of the pulley housing of the CVT in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 4 shows an axially movable Description of an illustrative specific example of a conical pulley and a centrifugal element, FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a regulating valve of a first illustrative specific example, and FIG. 6 shows a schematic illustration of a regulating valve according to a second illustrative specific example of the present invention Sexual description.
下文參看圖1至圖5詳細地描述根據本發明之較佳說明性具體實例的CVT 1,亦即,無段變速傳動裝置。 A CVT 1 according to a preferred illustrative embodiment of the present invention, that is, a stepless variable transmission is described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
如自圖1可看出,CVT 1包含第一驅動錐形滑輪對2,其具有固定錐形滑輪20及可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21。第二錐形滑輪對提供為輸出元件13。該兩個錐形滑輪對藉由環繞構件12,詳言之傳動帶以已知方式彼此連接。 As can be seen from FIG. 1, the CVT 1 includes a first driving tapered pulley pair 2 having a fixed tapered pulley 20 and an axially movable tapered pulley 21. A second tapered pulley pair is provided as the output element 13. The two conical pulley pairs are connected to each other in a known manner by means of a surrounding member 12, in particular a transmission belt.
第一錐形滑輪對2配置於內燃機10之曲柄軸11上。在此配置中,曲柄軸11連接至固定錐形滑輪20。 The first tapered pulley pair 2 is disposed on a crank shaft 11 of the internal combustion engine 10. In this configuration, the crank shaft 11 is connected to a fixed tapered pulley 20.
CVT 1此外包含離心元件3,離心元件3配置於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21上。在此說明性具體實例中,離心元件3為滾珠。在此說明性具體實例中,例如,設置六個離心元件3。然而,當然,可設置任何數目個離心元件3。作為替代例,亦有可能使用實心氣缸或中空氣缸或類似者。此處,離心元件3配置於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的後側22上。 The CVT 1 further comprises a centrifugal element 3 which is arranged on a conical pulley 21 which can be moved axially. In this illustrative specific example, the centrifugal element 3 is a ball. In this illustrative specific example, for example, six centrifugal elements 3 are provided. However, of course, any number of centrifugal elements 3 may be provided. As an alternative, it is also possible to use a solid or air cylinder or the like. Here, the centrifugal element 3 is disposed on the rear side 22 of the tapered pulley 21 that is axially movable.
為了調整可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的軸向位置,現提供氣動調整裝置5。調整裝置5包含氣動空間50,氣動空間50配置於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪的後側22上。調整裝置5用以調整可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的軸向位置。 In order to adjust the axial position of the conical pulley 21 that can be moved axially, a pneumatic adjustment device 5 is now provided. The adjusting device 5 includes a pneumatic space 50 which is arranged on the rear side 22 of the conical pulley that can be moved axially. The adjusting device 5 is used for adjusting the axial position of the conical pulley 21 that can be moved axially.
如此外自圖1可看出,內燃機10之進口管道9藉由第一管線16連接至真空貯器7。此處,止回閥18配置於第一管線16中。第二管線17提供為至氣動空間50之用於風行於真空貯器7中之壓力的饋入線。調整閥8配置於第二管線17中。調整閥8詳細展示於圖5及圖6中。調整閥8根據CVT 1之所要傳動比借助於控制單元6調整。控制單元6經設計以致動調整裝置5以便改變可軸向地移 動之錐形滑輪21的位置。 As can also be seen from FIG. 1, the inlet pipe 9 of the internal combustion engine 10 is connected to the vacuum receptacle 7 through a first line 16. Here, the check valve 18 is disposed in the first line 16. The second line 17 is provided as a feed line to the pneumatic space 50 for pressure prevailing in the vacuum receptacle 7. The regulating valve 8 is arranged in the second line 17. The adjusting valve 8 is shown in detail in FIGS. 5 and 6. The control valve 8 is adjusted in accordance with the required transmission ratio of the CVT 1 by means of a control unit 6. The control unit 6 is designed to actuate the adjustment device 5 in order to change the position of the conical pulley 21 which can be moved axially.
因此有可能採用如下事實:存在於內燃機10之進口管道9中之真空用作氣動能量從而調整CVT 1之傳動比。此處,進口管道9中之壓力位準取決於節流閥位置及內燃機的速度。在內燃機之操作期間,可因此確保至真空貯器7之連續真空供應源。可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21借助於氣動力的簡單及可靠調整藉此被達成。重設可借助於環境壓力來實現。 It is therefore possible to adopt the fact that the vacuum existing in the inlet pipe 9 of the internal combustion engine 10 is used as aerodynamic energy to adjust the transmission ratio of the CVT 1. Here, the pressure level in the inlet pipe 9 depends on the position of the throttle valve and the speed of the internal combustion engine. During operation of the internal combustion engine, a continuous vacuum supply to the vacuum receptacle 7 can thus be ensured. The axially movable conical pulley 21 is thereby achieved by means of a simple and reliable adjustment of the aerodynamic force. Reset can be achieved by means of environmental pressure.
舉例而言,真空貯器7可配置於載具之空腔中。 For example, the vacuum receptacle 7 may be disposed in the cavity of the carrier.
在所描述之第一說明性具體實例中,調整裝置5此外配置於CVT之主要側上,亦即,輸入側上。替代地,對於調整裝置亦有可能的是配置於CVT之次級側上,亦即驅動元件13上。作為進一步替代例,調整裝置配置於主要側及次級側上。 In the first illustrative specific example described, the adjustment device 5 is additionally arranged on the main side of the CVT, that is, on the input side. Alternatively, it is also possible for the adjustment device to be arranged on the secondary side of the CVT, ie on the drive element 13. As a further alternative, the adjustment device is arranged on the primary side and the secondary side.
調整裝置5包含氣動空間50。氣動空間50之說明性具體實例在CVT 1之錐形滑輪對2的示意性區段中展示於圖2中。錐形滑輪對2包含固定錐形滑輪20及可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21。氣動空間50配置於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的後側22上。氣動空間50因此藉由可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的後側22定界。氣動空間50此外藉由滑輪殼體30之前側31定界。 The adjustment device 5 contains a pneumatic space 50. An illustrative specific example of the aerospace 50 is shown in FIG. 2 in a schematic section of the conical pulley pair 2 of the CVT 1. The tapered pulley pair 2 includes a fixed tapered pulley 20 and an axially movable tapered pulley 21. The pneumatic space 50 is disposed on the rear side 22 of the tapered pulley 21 that can be moved axially. The aerodynamic space 50 is thus delimited by the rear side 22 of the conical pulley 21 that can be moved axially. The aerodynamic space 50 is further delimited by the front side 31 of the pulley housing 30.
在此說明性具體實例中,圓柱形殼體壁33形成於滑輪殼體30上。在此說明性具體實例中,圓柱形滑輪壁23形成於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21上。圓柱形滑輪壁23在殼體壁33內配置於重疊區24中。可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的圓柱形滑輪壁23及滑輪殼體30之殼體壁33在軸向方向X-X上可相對於彼此移動。當可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21在軸向方向X-X上相對於滑輪殼體30移動時,重疊區24之大小改變。在此說明性具體實例中,滑輪壁23及殼體壁33相對於外部區28在徑向方向上定界氣動空間50。密封元件53在重疊區24中設置於滑輪壁23與殼體壁33之間。在此初始具體實例中,密封元件53以環形狀包圍 滑輪壁23,結果為滑輪壁23在徑向方向上相對於殼體壁33始終密封,且因此形成經密封之氣動空間50。為此目的,包圍滑輪壁23之凹槽25設置於滑輪壁23中,其中密封元件53配置於凹槽25中。密封元件53與滑輪壁23接觸,同時完全包圍滑輪壁23,且與殼體壁33接觸同時完全包圍滑輪壁23。舉例而言,密封元件可為O形環、軸密封環、活塞密封環或類似者。 In this illustrative specific example, a cylindrical housing wall 33 is formed on the pulley housing 30. In this illustrative specific example, a cylindrical pulley wall 23 is formed on a tapered pulley 21 that is axially movable. The cylindrical pulley wall 23 is disposed in the overlap region 24 within the housing wall 33. The cylindrical pulley wall 23 of the tapered pulley 21 that is axially movable and the housing wall 33 of the pulley housing 30 are movable relative to each other in the axial direction X-X. When the axially movable conical pulley 21 is moved relative to the pulley housing 30 in the axial direction X-X, the size of the overlap region 24 changes. In this illustrative specific example, the pulley wall 23 and the housing wall 33 delimit the aerodynamic space 50 in the radial direction with respect to the outer region 28. The sealing element 53 is arranged between the pulley wall 23 and the housing wall 33 in the overlap region 24. In this initial specific example, the sealing element 53 surrounds the pulley wall 23 in a ring shape, with the result that the pulley wall 23 is always sealed with respect to the housing wall 33 in the radial direction, and thus forms a sealed pneumatic space 50. For this purpose, a groove 25 surrounding the pulley wall 23 is provided in the pulley wall 23, wherein the sealing element 53 is arranged in the groove 25. The sealing element 53 is in contact with the pulley wall 23 while completely surrounding the pulley wall 23, and is in contact with the housing wall 33 while completely surrounding the pulley wall 23. For example, the sealing element may be an O-ring, a shaft seal ring, a piston seal ring, or the like.
滑輪殼體30之前側31在軸向方向X-X上定界氣動空間50。同時,可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的後側22定界軸向方向X-X上的氣動空間50。前側31在與可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的後側22相反之方向上定界氣動空間50。 The front side 31 of the pulley housing 30 delimits the aerodynamic space 50 in the axial direction X-X. At the same time, the rear side 22 of the conical pulley 21 that can be moved axially delimits the aerodynamic space 50 in the axial direction X-X. The front side 31 delimits the aerodynamic space 50 in a direction opposite to the rear side 22 of the tapered pulley 21 that is axially movable.
在CVT之操作期間,滑輪殼體30與可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21一起旋轉。在此狀況下,可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21固定於外部套管54上,該外部套管在內部套管55上在軸向方向X-X上可移動地配置。曲柄軸11、滑輪殼體30、可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21以及固定錐形滑輪21因此以相同速度旋轉。 During the operation of the CVT, the pulley housing 30 rotates with the conical pulley 21 that is axially movable. In this case, the axially movable conical pulley 21 is fixed to the outer sleeve 54, and the outer sleeve is movably arranged on the inner sleeve 55 in the axial direction X-X. The crank shaft 11, the pulley housing 30, the axially movable conical pulley 21 and the fixed conical pulley 21 therefore rotate at the same speed.
關於軸向方向X-X,完全包圍內部套管55之第二密封構件57在此說明性具體實例中設置於外部套管54的背離固定錐形滑輪20之一側上。關於軸向方向X-X,完全包圍內部套管55之第二密封構件57在此說明性具體實例中設置於外部套管54的面向固定錐形滑輪20之一側上。 Regarding the axial direction X-X, the second sealing member 57 that completely surrounds the inner sleeve 55 is disposed on one side of the outer sleeve 54 facing away from the fixed tapered pulley 20 in this illustrative specific example. Regarding the axial direction X-X, a second sealing member 57 that completely surrounds the inner sleeve 55 is provided on one side of the outer sleeve 54 facing the fixed tapered pulley 20 in this illustrative specific example.
滑輪殼體30例如在***完全包圍曲柄軸11之密封元件(諸圖中未展示)情況下間接或替代地直接連接至曲柄軸11。在此狀況下,曲柄軸11通過滑輪殼體30及可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21。 The pulley housing 30 is connected to the crankshaft 11 indirectly or alternatively, for example, by inserting a sealing element (not shown in the drawings) that completely surrounds the crankshaft 11. In this case, the crank shaft 11 passes through the pulley housing 30 and the tapered pulley 21 that can move axially.
藉由改變氣動空間50中之壓力,錐形滑輪21相對於軸向方向X-X的位置可改變。舉例而言,若調整閥8將真空貯器7連接至氣動空間50,則減小氣動空間50中之壓力,結果為可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21在箭頭A方向上軸向地移動。在此過程期間,可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21在滑輪殼體30內移動, 儘管經配置以便係可旋轉的,該滑輪殼體仍並非以允許軸向方向X-X上之移動的方式配置。因此,可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21與固定錐形滑輪20之間的距離增大,結果為傳動帶進一步在曲柄軸11之方向上移動。 By changing the pressure in the pneumatic space 50, the position of the tapered pulley 21 with respect to the axial direction X-X can be changed. For example, if the adjustment valve 8 connects the vacuum reservoir 7 to the pneumatic space 50, the pressure in the pneumatic space 50 is reduced, and as a result, the conical pulley 21 that can move axially moves axially in the direction of arrow A . During this process, the axially movable conical pulley 21 moves within the pulley housing 30. Although configured to be rotatable, the pulley housing is not configured to allow movement in the axial direction XX . Therefore, the distance between the axially movable tapered pulley 21 and the fixed tapered pulley 20 is increased, and as a result, the transmission belt is further moved in the direction of the crank shaft 11.
離心元件3此外設置於CVT中,如圖2中所說明。在此狀況下,離心元件3配置於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的後側22上。在此說明性具體實例中,離心元件3為滾珠。在此說明性具體實例中,例如,設置六個離心元件3。然而,當然,可設置任何數目個離心元件3。作為替代例,亦有可能使用實心氣缸或中空氣缸或類似者。離心重量塊3根據錐形滑輪之速度移動,且因此需要僅傳動比借助於氣動調整裝置之精細調整。 The centrifugal element 3 is further provided in a CVT, as illustrated in FIG. 2. In this state, the centrifugal element 3 is disposed on the rear side 22 of the tapered pulley 21 that is axially movable. In this illustrative specific example, the centrifugal element 3 is a ball. In this illustrative specific example, for example, six centrifugal elements 3 are provided. However, of course, any number of centrifugal elements 3 may be provided. As an alternative, it is also possible to use a solid or air cylinder or the like. The centrifugal weight 3 moves according to the speed of the conical pulley, and therefore requires only fine adjustment of the transmission ratio by means of a pneumatic adjustment device.
為了在滑輪殼體30之前側31上支撐離心元件3,斜坡狀支撐區32形成於滑輪殼體30之前側31上。支撐區32具有斜坡狀設計,其中支撐區32在自曲柄軸11至殼體壁33之徑向方向上逼近固定錐形滑輪20。離心元件3配置於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21與斜坡狀支撐區32之間。因此,離心元件3配置於氣動空間50中。 In order to support the centrifugal element 3 on the front side 31 of the pulley housing 30, a slope-shaped support region 32 is formed on the front side 31 of the pulley housing 30. The support area 32 has a slope-like design, wherein the support area 32 approaches the fixed conical pulley 20 in a radial direction from the crank shaft 11 to the housing wall 33. The centrifugal element 3 is disposed between the cone-shaped pulley 21 and the slope-shaped support region 32 that are axially movable. Therefore, the centrifugal element 3 is disposed in the pneumatic space 50.
相對於支撐區32在軸向方向X-X上凸起之中間區34形成於滑輪殼體30之前側31上的支撐區32之間。支撐區32之間的凸起之中間區34以一方式形成,例如使得凸起中間區34嚙合於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的後側22上的凹部26中,該等凹部以與中間區34互補之方式形成。形成於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21之後側22上的凹部26展示於圖4中。凹部26用來在可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21之軸向移動期間導引凸起之中間區34。借助於凸起之中間區34在凹部26中之嚙合期間的肯定嚙合,扭矩可自滑輪殼體30向前傳輸至可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21。離心元件3停置於上面之其他斜坡狀支撐區27此外亦形成於可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的後側22上。中間區32相對於軸向方向X-X在固定錐形滑輪20之方向上自支撐區32突出。具有前側31、支撐區32、殼體壁33及中間區 34之滑輪殼體30的說明性具體實例展示於圖3中。中間區34具有側壁35。在此初始實例中,例如,側壁35定向於軸向方向X-X上。在此說明性具體實例中,中間區凹槽36形成於側壁35上。滑動元件37配置於中間區凹槽36中。滑動元件37例如在凹部26內與可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21接觸,且該等滑動元件37在可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21經軸向地調整時在可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21上滑動。舉例而言,滑動元件37可因此簡化可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21的軸向移動,此係由於滑動元件37減少了摩擦。滑動元件37亦用於減震。 An intermediate region 34 protruding in the axial direction X-X relative to the support region 32 is formed between the support regions 32 on the front side 31 of the pulley housing 30. The raised intermediate areas 34 between the support areas 32 are formed in a manner such that, for example, the raised intermediate areas 34 engage in the recesses 26 on the rear side 22 of the conical pulley 21 that is axially movable. It is formed in a complementary manner to the middle region 34. A recess 26 formed on the rear side 22 of the conical pulley 21 that is axially movable is shown in FIG. 4. The recess 26 is used to guide the raised intermediate region 34 during the axial movement of the axially movable conical pulley 21. With positive engagement of the raised intermediate zone 34 during the engagement in the recess 26, torque can be transmitted forward from the pulley housing 30 to the conical pulley 21 that can be moved axially. The other slope-shaped support area 27 on which the centrifugal element 3 rests is also formed on the rear side 22 of the conical pulley 21 which can be moved axially. The intermediate region 32 projects from the support region 32 in the direction of the fixed tapered pulley 20 with respect to the axial direction X-X. An illustrative specific example of a pulley housing 30 having a front side 31, a support area 32, a housing wall 33, and a middle area 34 is shown in FIG. The middle region 34 has a side wall 35. In this initial example, for example, the side wall 35 is oriented in the axial direction X-X. In this illustrative specific example, the middle region groove 36 is formed on the side wall 35. The sliding element 37 is disposed in the middle region groove 36. The sliding elements 37 are in contact with, for example, the conical pulley 21 that can be moved axially in the recess 26, and the sliding elements 37 can be moved axially when the axially movable cone 21 is axially adjusted The tapered pulley 21 slides. For example, the sliding element 37 can thus simplify the axial movement of the axially movable conical pulley 21 because the sliding element 37 reduces friction. The sliding element 37 is also used for damping.
如圖3中所說明,滑輪殼體30在此說明性具體實例中具有一體式設計。因此,滑輪殼體30之前側31、支撐區32及殼體壁32具有一體式設計,且以此方式形成滑輪殼體30。在此說明性具體實例中,中間區34亦與滑輪殼體30之前側31、支撐區32及殼體壁33一體式地形成。 As illustrated in FIG. 3, the pulley housing 30 has a one-piece design in this illustrative specific example. Therefore, the front side 31, the support area 32, and the housing wall 32 of the pulley housing 30 have an integrated design, and the pulley housing 30 is formed in this manner. In this illustrative specific example, the intermediate region 34 is also integrally formed with the front side 31, the support region 32, and the casing wall 33 of the pulley housing 30.
圖5展示調整閥8之說明性具體實例。在此說明性具體實例中,調整閥8為3/3向閥,其中調整閥8可一方面建立至真空貯器7之連接,且另一方面建立至環境19(環境壓力)之連接。第三位置為調整閥8之閉合位置,其展示於圖5中。 FIG. 5 shows an illustrative specific example of the regulating valve 8. In this illustrative specific example, the regulating valve 8 is a 3 / 3-way valve, wherein the regulating valve 8 can establish a connection to the vacuum reservoir 7 on the one hand, and a connection to the environment 19 (ambient pressure) on the other. The third position is the closed position of the adjustment valve 8, which is shown in FIG. 5.
可接著藉由簡單地開啟調整閥8以建立至環境19之連接來再次達成可軸向地移動之錐形滑輪21與固定錐形滑輪20之間的距離減小。 The reduction in the distance between the axially movable conical pulley 21 and the fixed conical pulley 20 can then be achieved again by simply opening the adjustment valve 8 to establish a connection to the environment 19.
在此說明性具體實例中,第二管線17以一方式配置,使得第二管線17通向氣動空間50。舉例而言,對於管線有可能的是通過曲柄軸11且自內部連接至氣動空間50。 In this illustrative specific example, the second line 17 is configured in such a way that the second line 17 leads to the aerospace 50. By way of example, it is possible for the pipeline to be connected to the pneumatic space 50 via the crankshaft 11 and from the inside.
圖6展示調整閥8之替代性具體實例,其在此說明性具體實例中包含兩個2/2向閥80、81。此處,兩個2/2向閥中之一者配置於真空貯器7與氣動空間50之間,且兩個2/2向閥中的另一者配置於氣動空間50與環境19之間。 FIG. 6 shows an alternative specific example of the regulating valve 8, which in this illustrative specific example includes two 2 / 2-way valves 80, 81. Here, one of the two 2 / 2-way valves is disposed between the vacuum reservoir 7 and the pneumatic space 50, and the other of the two 2 / 2-way valves is disposed between the pneumatic space 50 and the environment 19. .
詳言之,本發明用於小型載具中,例如兩輪車或三輪車或四輪 機車或履帶式雪上汽車或類似者中。 In detail, the present invention is used in a small vehicle such as a two-wheeled vehicle or a three-wheeled vehicle or a four-wheeled vehicle or a track-type snowmobile or the like.
當然,其他說明性具體實例及所展示之說明性具體實例之混合式形式亦係可能的。 Of course, other illustrative specific examples and hybrid forms of the illustrative specific examples shown are also possible.
Claims (12)
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DE102017205514.6A DE102017205514A1 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Pneumatically adjustable CVT transmission |
??102017205514.6 | 2017-03-31 |
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TW201842284A true TW201842284A (en) | 2018-12-01 |
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TW107110868A TW201842284A (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2018-03-29 | Pneumatically adjustable continuously variable transmission |
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EP (1) | EP3601846A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110520649A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017205514A1 (en) |
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JPH0671950U (en) * | 1993-03-22 | 1994-10-07 | 栃木富士産業株式会社 | Continuously variable transmission |
IT1270031B (en) * | 1994-04-14 | 1997-04-28 | Piaggio Veicoli Europ | DRIVE PULLEY GROUP IN PEDAL VEHICLES WITH CONTINUOUS SPEED CHANGE WITH AUTOMATIC DEVICE TO FACILITATE STARTING |
WO2001047739A1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2001-07-05 | Speed Selector, Inc. | Variable speed drive system |
CN1740587A (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2006-03-01 | 谦淳有限公司 | Disc driver for automatic speed varying transmission mechanism |
KR20130013028A (en) * | 2011-07-27 | 2013-02-06 | 권영웅 | Cvt applied centrifugal ball |
EP2901043B1 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2020-09-16 | BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co. KG | Pneumatically assisted continuously variable transmission |
DE102015214153A1 (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-02-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Pneumatically adjustable CVT transmission |
-
2017
- 2017-03-31 DE DE102017205514.6A patent/DE102017205514A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2018
- 2018-03-05 CN CN201880023521.5A patent/CN110520649A/en active Pending
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WO2018177688A1 (en) | 2018-10-04 |
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