TW201840496A - 玻璃料、導電膠及導電膠的用途 - Google Patents
玻璃料、導電膠及導電膠的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- TW201840496A TW201840496A TW107105455A TW107105455A TW201840496A TW 201840496 A TW201840496 A TW 201840496A TW 107105455 A TW107105455 A TW 107105455A TW 107105455 A TW107105455 A TW 107105455A TW 201840496 A TW201840496 A TW 201840496A
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- glass frit
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- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FMMOOAYVCKXGMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N linoleic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC FMMOOAYVCKXGMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PMKLERKUFSEASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propanoate;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CO.CCC(=O)OC PMKLERKUFSEASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol methyl ether acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OC(C)=O LLHKCFNBLRBOGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008521 reorganization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003378 silver Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001958 silver carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940096017 silver fluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000108 silver(I,III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ag].[Ag] VFWRGKJLLYDFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
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- C03C3/062—Glass compositions containing silica with less than 40% silica by weight
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- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種玻璃料,其為包含氧化碲及氧化鉍作為主要組分之第一玻璃料與包含氧化碲及氧化鉛作為主要組分之第二玻璃料的混合物,其中該第一玻璃料與該第二玻璃料之該混合物包含40至55重量%氧化碲、15至25重量%氧化鉛及5至15重量%氧化鉍。本發明進一步係關於一種用於在半導體基板上形成電極之導電膠,該膠包含85至92重量%導電金屬、1.5至3.5重量%該玻璃料及有機介質。
該導電膠用於在用於太陽能電池之半導體基板上形成導電格線。
Description
本發明係關於一種導電膠,其包含導電金屬、玻璃料及有機介質。
導電墨水或糊用以在矽太陽能電池或光伏打電池之表面上形成電極,諸如銀格線及匯流條。光伏打(「PV」)電池藉由促進半導體之價帶中的電荷載流子進入半導體之導電帶而將日光轉換成電。來自入射日光之光子與摻雜式半導體材料之相互相用會形成電子-電洞電荷載流子。此等電子-電洞對電荷載流子在由p-n半導體接面所產生之電場中遷移,且由電流流動至外部電路所藉以的施加至半導體之表面的電極收集。
出於縮減由矽晶圓表面處之懸空鍵引起的電子-電洞重組之目的,現代晶體矽太陽能電池典型地塗佈有至少一個薄鈍化層。結晶太陽能電池亦通常塗佈有抗反射塗層以最小化反射光且促成光吸收。不幸地,鈍化層及抗反射塗層典型地為電絕緣體,且因此防止電荷載流子(電子或電洞)自基板轉移至對應電極。在塗覆導電膠之前,太陽能電池典型地由鈍化層及/或抗反射塗層覆蓋。通常藉由網板印刷、平版印刷、噴墨印刷、雷射印刷或擠壓塗覆導電膠。前述鈍化層可為非晶形或結晶。此類層之厚度及化學計量可變化以便調諧效能。抗反射塗層常常包含氮化矽或氧化鈦。此類抗反射塗層可為非晶形或結 晶。此類塗層之厚度及化學計量亦可變化以便調諧效能。此類抗反射塗層亦可部分地氫化。非晶形氫化氮化矽塗層亦充當用於n型矽表面之鈍化層。一些太陽能電池架構使用多個層以最佳化電池鈍化特性及抗反射特性。此類「媒質堆疊」通常用於工業中,且常常由在極薄(<3nm)AlOx、SiOx或SiC層之頂部上的a-SiyNx:H層組成。詳言之,此類媒質堆疊通常用於p型矽表面之頂部上,因為AlOx、SiOx及SiC提供此等類型之太陽能電池的極佳鈍化而氮化矽變體並不提供。
用於太陽能電池之電極最佳地提供低電阻,以使得轉換為可用電能的入射日光之百分比得以最大化。日光轉換為電之量被稱作「效率」。電極之電阻率以及電極與矽晶圓之間的接觸電阻兩者皆對太陽能電池效率產生強烈影響。電阻率及接觸電阻應最小化以便改良太陽能電池效率。
電極可藉由將不期望的污染物或疵點引入至矽中而降低太陽能電池之效率。此類疵點為再結合源且會降低電池效率,且因此減少可由電池產生之電力量。因此,藉由使用不會引入再結合源之電極組成物來改良電池之效能。
導電膠用以形成電極、導電柵格或金屬接點。如(例如)US 8,889,980中所描述之導電膠典型地包括一或多種玻璃料、導電物質(諸如銀粒子),及有機介質。在某些情況下,玻璃料可為部分地結晶。為了形成電極,藉由網版印刷或另一合適的方法而以格線之圖案或其他圖案之形式將導電膠印刷至抗反射塗層上。接著燒製基板,在燒製期間,格線與基板之間進行電接觸。典型地,燒製在空氣或含氧大氣中在帶式鍋爐中進行。此類電極糊之效能可藉由調整燒製溫度及時間而最佳化。典型地,峰值燒製溫度介於600℃與950℃之間。典型地,此類電池之燒製時間可在約30秒至若干分鐘之間變化。
如先前所提及,抗反射塗層增強光吸收,但亦充當損害電荷載 流子自基板流動至電極之絕緣體。因此,在燒製週期期間,導電膠應至少蝕刻抗反射塗層之部分及任何鈍化層之部分以形成具有低接觸電阻之電極。為了實現此,導電膠合併至少一種玻璃料。玻璃料執行多個功能。首先,玻璃料將輔助熔結金屬粒子,因此改良電極之導電性且使得能夠進行焊料連接。第二,玻璃料將與抗反射塗層及鈍化層相互作用以減少所形成之金屬電極與基板之間的接觸電阻。第三,玻璃提供用於開發金屬膠體之介質,其可進一步增強電荷載流子收集。第四,玻璃提供至基板之黏接。第五,玻璃將某種添加化學持久性提供至電極,例如,抗濕性。自US 7,736,546已知,詳言之,含有TeO2之玻璃料可有效地用於膠中,膠用於在矽太陽能電池上製造電極。
在燒製過程期間,玻璃料液化,且傾向於在電極膠之開放式微觀結構內流動,將銀粒子及抗反射塗層塗佈於基板上。咸信,經熔化玻璃使抗反射塗層及任何鈍化層之至少部分以及膠中含有之金屬粒子中之一些溶解及/或氧化。當燒製過程繼續進行至冷卻階段時,經溶解金屬銀、離子銀或氧化銀可在矽表面處再結晶至金屬銀。因此,此等銀微晶中之一些能夠穿透抗反射層且與基板形成低接觸電阻電極。此會實現基板與膠之經燒結塊體金屬之間的至少某一直接接觸。若接近基板之界面玻璃層足夠薄及/或含有金屬膠體,則咸信,電極與基板之間的接觸電阻可增強。此方法被稱作「燒製貫穿」且促進低電阻率,與位於導電柵格或金屬接點與基板之間的強接合的低接觸電阻接觸。
然而,所有導電膠之不足之處在於由於高燒製溫度,可能發生晶圓變形且另一不足之處在於允許較低燒製溫度之玻璃料展示抗反射層及鈍化層之較差滲透特性,從而導致較低的太陽能電池效率。
因此,本發明之目的已為提供用於導電膠之玻璃料,該導電膠用以在半導體基板上形成電極,及允許較低的燃燒溫度且展示抗反射層及鈍化層之良好的滲透特性之導電膠。
此目的藉由玻璃料來達成,該玻璃料為包含氧化碲及氧化鉍作為主要組分之第一玻璃料與包含氧化碲及氧化鉛作為主要組分之第二玻璃料的混合物,其中該第一玻璃料與該第二玻璃料之混合物包含40至55重量%氧化碲、15至25重量%氧化鉛及5至15重量%氧化鉍。
該目的進一步藉由用於在半導體基板上形成電極之導電膠來達成,該膠包含:
(a)85至92重量%導電粒子,
(b)1.5至3.5重量%玻璃料,其為包含氧化碲及氧化鉍作為主要組分之第一玻璃料與包含氧化碲及氧化鉛作為主要組分之第二玻璃料的混合物,其中該第一玻璃料與該第二玻璃料之混合物包含40至55重量%氧化碲、15至25重量%氧化鉛及5至15重量%氧化鉍。
(c)及有機介質。
意外地,已展示使用由第一玻璃料與第二玻璃料之混合物構成之玻璃料允許在低溫下燒製而不損失效率在中,其中在用於在半導體基板上產生電極之膠中,第一玻璃料為包含氧化碲及氧化鉍作為主要組分之玻璃料且第二玻璃料為包含氧化碲及氧化鉛之玻璃料。此尤其出人意料,因為降低熔點之混合物中之氧化鉛的量比已用於已知膠之玻璃料中之氧化鉛的量小得多。
在混合物中,第一玻璃料為黏著促進劑且充當熔結助劑。另一方面,第二玻璃料具有有前景的電阻、較低的燃燒溫度及廣泛的燒製窗口。
在本發明之一個具體實例中,第一玻璃料包含40至70重量%TeO2及0.1至15重量% Bi2O3。在一較佳具體實例中,第一玻璃料包含50至70重量% TeO2及5至15重量% Bi2O3。尤其較佳地,第一玻璃料包含60至70重量% TeO2及5至10重量% Bi2O3。
除TeO2及Bi2O3以外,第一玻璃料較佳包含至少一種其他氧化化合物。該至少一種其他氧化化合物例如選自0.1至15重量% SiO2、0.1至15重量% ZnO、0.1至15重量% WO3及0至10重量% Li2O。更佳的為當第一玻璃料包含5至15重量% SiO2、5至15重量% ZnO、5至15重量% WO3及0至5重量% Li2O時且尤佳的為當第一玻璃料包含5至10重量% SiO2、5至10重量% ZnO、5至10重量% WO3及0至4重量% Li2O時。在一個尤其較佳之具體實例中,第一玻璃料包含所有前文提及之氧化化合物SiO2、ZnO、WO3及Li2O。
在另一具體實例中,第一玻璃料另外包含Cs2O3、MgO、V2O5、ZrO2、Mn2O3、Ag2O、In2O3、SnO2、NiO、Cr2O3、B2O3、Na2O、Al2O3及CaO中之一或多者,各量在0至10重量%範圍內、量較佳在0至5重量%範圍內且量尤其較佳在0.01至1重量%範圍內。
第二玻璃料較佳包含40至70重量% TeO2及5至30重量% PbO。更佳地,第二玻璃料包含40至60重量% TeO2及15至30重量% PbO。尤其較佳地,第一玻璃料包含45至55重量% TeO2及20至30重量% PbO。
除TeO2及PbO以外,第二玻璃料可包含其他氧化化合物。其他氧化化合物為例如0.1至15重量% Bi2O3、0.1至15重量% SiO2、0.1至10重量% ZnO、0.1至10重量% WO3及0.1至10重量% Li2O。更佳的為當第二玻璃料包含5至15重量% Bi2O3、5至15重量% SiO2、0.1至5重量% ZnO、0.1至5重量% WO3及 0.1至5重量% Li2O時且尤佳的為當第一玻璃料包含10至15重量% Bi2O3、5至10重量% SiO2、0.1至3重量% ZnO、0.1至3重量% WO3及0.1至3重量% Li2O時。
在另一具體實例中,第二玻璃料另外包含Cs2O3、MgO、V2O5、ZrO2、Mn2O3、Ag2O、In2O3、SnO2、NiO、Cr2O3、B2O3、Na2O、Al2O3及CaO中之一或多者,各量在0至10重量%範圍內、較佳在0至5重量%範圍內且尤其較佳在0.01至1重量%範圍內。
玻璃料尤其可用於製造導電膏。此類膠用於例如將電極或格線印刷在用於製造太陽能電池之半導體基板。一般而言,藉由網板印刷方法將此類膠印刷於半導體基板上。除網板印刷以外,亦可使用熟練人員已知之任何其他印刷方法,如噴墨印刷、平版印刷、雷射印刷及擠壓。然而,較佳的為藉由網板印刷印刷電極或格線。
在印刷電極或格線之後,燒製電極及/或格線印刷其上之半導體基板。在燒製期間,玻璃料熔化且尤其當膠用於將電極或格線印刷於用於製造太陽能電池之半導體時,經熔化玻璃料溶解抗反射塗層及鈍化層且因此允許與半導體基板形成低接觸電阻電極。當使用如上所述之本發明玻璃料時,有可能在比用自目前先進技術已知之導電膠時更低之溫度下進行燒製步驟。詳言之,有可能在低於920℃,尤其在850與910℃之間的範圍內的溫度下進行燒製步驟。
為獲得導電格線或電極,導電膠包含導電粒子。在燒製期間,導電粒子燒結及導電性藉由接觸導電粒子來達成。
導電膠中所存在之導電粒子可為由任何導電材料構成之任何幾何形狀的粒子。較佳地,導電粒子包含碳、銀、金、鋁、鉑、鈀、錫、鎳、鎘、鎵、銦、銅、鋅、鐵、鉍、鈷、錳、鉬、鉻、釩、鈦、鎢、或其混合物或合金,或呈核殼結構形式。較佳的作為導電粒子之物質為銀或鋁,由於良好的 導電性尤其為銀。
若導電粒子為銀粒子,則進一步可能為以氧化銀(Ag2O)形式,如銀鹽,例如氯化銀(AgCl)、氟化銀(AgF)、硝酸銀(AgNO3)、乙酸銀(AgC2H3O2)或碳酸銀(Ag2CO3)添加某種銀。含銀諧振或含銀金屬有機化合物亦可被有效地引入至膠。
導電粒子之平均粒度較佳地在10nm至100μm之範圍內。更佳地,平均粒度在100nm至50μm之範圍內,且尤佳地,平均粒度在500nm至10μm之範圍內。導電粒子可具有熟習此項技術者已知之任何所要形式。舉例而言,粒子可呈薄片、棒、線、節結、球或其任何混合之形式。本發明之上下文中的球形粒子亦包含具有偏離理想球形形式之實際形式的粒子。舉例而言,球形粒子由於生產原因亦可具有液滴形狀或被截短。可用於生產導電膠之適合粒子為熟悉此項技術者已知且可商購。尤其較佳地,使用球形銀粒子。相比於不規則形狀粒子,球形粒子之優點在於其改良之流變行為。
導電粒子在組成物中之比例在30至97重量%範圍內。比例較佳在70至95重量%範圍內,且尤其較佳在85至92重量%範圍內。此固體粒子重量百分比經常稱為固體含量。
粒子形狀及尺寸不改變本發明之性質。粒子可以呈不同形狀及尺寸之混合形式加以使用。熟習此項技術者已知的為,當具有不同形狀或尺寸之混合的粒子分散於相同有機介質中時,其可導致較高或較低黏度。在此情況下,熟習此項技術者已知的為,需要相應地調整有機介質。調整可為但不限於改變固體含量、溶劑含量、聚合物含量、觸變膠含量及/或界面活性劑含量。舉例而言,典型地當使用奈米尺寸粒子代替微米尺寸粒子時,固體含量必須減小以避免膠黏度之提高,其導致較高含量之有機組分。
導電粒子,尤其當導電粒子由金屬組成時,一般在生產過程中 用有機添加劑塗佈。在製備用於印刷導體軌之組成物的過程中,典型地不移除表面上的有機添加劑,因此其隨後亦存在於導電膠中。按粒子質量計,用於穩定化之添加劑的比例通常不超過10重量%。用於塗佈導電粒子之添加劑可為例如脂肪胺或脂肪醯胺,例如十二胺。其他適用於使粒子穩定之添加劑為例如辛胺、癸胺及聚伸乙基亞胺。另一具體實例可為經環氧化或未經環氧化之脂肪酸、脂肪酸酯,例如十二酸、棕櫚酸、油酸、硬脂酸或其鹽。粒子上的塗層不改變本發明之性質。
根據本發明,膠進一步包含有機介質。有機介質一般選自包含以下之群:溶劑、黏合劑、分散劑、觸變膠及其混合物。
為獲得膠,有機介質之至少部分必須為液體。適合液體例如包含有機溶劑。
在本發明之一個具體實例中,有機溶劑包含一或多種選自具有至少一個氧原子之液體有機組分之有機溶劑。具有至少一個氧原子之液體有機組分選自醇、酯醇、二醇、二醇醚、酮、脂肪酸酯或萜衍生物。其他適合液體有機組分為乙酸酯、丙酸酯及鄰苯二甲酸酯。
液體有機組分例如可為苄醇、十二醇酯、乳酸乙酯、二乙二醇乙酸單乙酯、二乙二醇單丁醚、二乙二醇二丁醚、二乙二醇單丁醚乙酸酯、2-丁氧乙醇、乙酸2-丁氧乙酯、丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基醚乙酸酯、二丙二醇單甲基醚、丙二醇單甲基丙酸酯、***丙酸酯、二甲胺基甲醛、甲基乙基酮、γ-丁內酯、亞麻油酸乙酯、次亞麻油酸乙酯、豆蔻酸乙酯、油酸乙酯、豆蔻酸甲酯、亞麻油酸甲酯、次亞麻油酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、鄰苯二甲酸二辛酯、松香醇、異丙醇、十三醇及2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇單異丁酸酯、二丁基卡比醇或諸如松油之萜類。
作為具有至少一個氧原子之液體有機組分的溶劑可以單一溶劑 或溶劑混合物用形式於導電膠中。
另外可能的為利用亦含有揮發性液體之溶劑以在塗覆至基板之後促成快速凝固。
除溶劑以外,有機介質可包含有機黏合劑。在燒製之前使用有機黏合劑將導電膠黏附在半導體基板上。在燒製期間,所有有機化合物由於高溫而蒸發且藉由玻璃料來實現燒製期間所形成之電極及/或格線之黏著性。
有機黏合劑之量可在0.1至10重量%範圍內。有機黏合劑可選自天然或合成樹脂及聚合物。如熟習此項技術者所已知,選擇基於但不限於溶劑相容性及化學穩定性。舉例而言,如先前技術中所揭示之常用黏合劑包含:纖維素衍生物、丙烯酸系樹脂、酚系樹脂、脲-甲醛樹脂、醇酸樹脂、脂族石油樹脂、三聚氰胺甲醛樹脂、松香、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚醚、聚胺甲酸酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯以及其共聚物。
膠可另外包含0.1至10重量%至少一種選自以下之添加劑:界面活性劑、觸變劑、塑化劑、增溶劑、消泡劑、除濕劑、交聯劑、錯合劑及/或導電聚合物粒子。添加劑可單獨使用或作為其中之兩者或更多者的混合物使用。
當界面活性劑用作添加劑時,有可能僅使用一種界面活性劑或使用多於一種界面活性劑。原則上,熟習此項技術者已知的或先前技術中所描述的所有界面活性劑均可為適合的。較佳界面活性劑為單一或複數種化合物,例如陰離子、陽離子、兩性或非離子界面活性劑。然而,亦有可能使用具有色素相關型錨基之聚合物,其作為界面活性劑而為技術人員所知。
在導電顆粒預塗佈有界面活性劑的情況下,導電膠可不包含額外界面活性劑作為添加劑。
導電膠可用於其中電極或格線印刷於半導體基板上之所有應用。然而,尤其較佳的為使用用於在用於太陽能電池之半導體基板上形成導電 格線之導電膠。
實施例
已藉由混合90重量%具有平均粒度之銀粉末、3重量%玻璃料及7重量%有機介質製備導電膠。第一及第二玻璃料之組成展示於表1中。
將膠塗覆至6"多結晶(表2)及單晶(表3)晶圓且薄層電阻為80Ω/□之磷摻雜發射極位於p型基底上。所用太陽能電池藉由各向同性酸蝕刻紋理化且具有SiNX:H之80nm抗反射塗層(anti-reflection coating;ARC)。對於各膠而言,展示15片矽晶圓之效率平均值及填充因數。每個樣品藉由絲網印刷使用設定為250mm/sec之刮板速度之micro-tec MT650印刷機製造。所用絲網具有以下圖案:在具有360篩目及16μm金屬線之絲網中,在14μm乳液上具有32μm開口之105根指線及具有1.0mm開口之4個匯流條。將可商購的Al膠印刷於裝置之未照射(背部)側面。Al膠在具有250篩目及35μm金屬線之絲網中用5μm乳液印刷。
隨後在具有250℃峰值溫度之乾燥烘箱中乾燥具有印刷圖案之裝置。隨後利用CF-SL Despatch 6區IR熔爐使用635cm/min傳動帶速度及920℃(如表2中所示)及900℃、910℃及920℃(如表3中所示)作為熔爐中之第6區之調定溫度陽光側面向上燒製基板。
測試根據本文所描述之方法構建之太陽能電池的轉化效率。
在一個具體實例中,將根據本文所描述之方法構建之太陽能電池置放於商業I-V測試儀中以量測效率(halm gmbh,cetisPV-Celltest3)。I-V測 試儀中之Xe Arc燈模擬具有已知強度AM 1.5之日光且輻射電池之前表面。測試儀使用四接點方法量測電流(I)及電壓(V)。自I-V曲線計算太陽能電池效率(Eta)、開路電壓(open-circuit voltage;Voc)及填充因數(FF)。
如可自表2所見,本發明膠展示與參考膠相當之顯著較高之太陽能電池效率。表3進一步展示本發明膠提供在燃燒溫度範圍有前景的太陽能電池效率而不損失填充因數。
Claims (12)
- 一種玻璃料,其為包含氧化碲及氧化鉍作為主要組分之第一玻璃料與包含氧化碲及氧化鉛作為主要組分之第二玻璃料的混合物,其中該第一玻璃料與該第二玻璃料之該混合物包含40至55重量%氧化碲、15至25重量%氧化鉛及5至15重量%氧化鉍。
- 如請求項1所述之玻璃料,其中該第一玻璃料包含40至70重量% TeO 2及0.1至15重量% Bi 2O 3。
- 如請求項2所述之玻璃料,其中該第一玻璃料進一步包含0.1至15重量% SiO 2、0.1至15重量% ZnO、0.1至15重量% WO 3及O至10重量% Li 2O。
- 如請求項3所述之玻璃料,其中該第一玻璃料另外包含Cs 2O 3、MgO、V 2O 5、ZrO 2、Mn 2O 3、Ag 2O、In 2O 3、SnO 2、NiO、Cr 2O 3、B 2O 3、Na 2O、Al 2O 3及CaO中之一或多者,各量0至10重量%範圍內。
- 如請求項1所述之玻璃料,其中該第二玻璃料包含40至70重量% TeO 2及5至30重量% PbO。
- 如請求項5所述之玻璃料,其中該第二玻璃料進一步包含0.1至15重量% Bi 2O 3、0.1至15重量% SiO 2、0.1至10重量% ZnO、0.1至10重量% WO 3及0.1至10重量% Li 2O。
- 如請求項6所述之玻璃料,其中該第二玻璃料另外包含Cs 2O 3、MgO、V 2O 5、ZrO 2、Mn 2O 3、Ag 2O、In 2O 3、SnO 2、NiO、Cr 2O 3、B 2O 3、Na 2O、Al 2O 3及CaO中之一或多者,各量0至10重量%範圍內。
- 一種用於在半導體基板上形成電極之導電膠,該膠包含:(a)85至92重量%導電金屬,(b)1.5至3.5重量%如請求項1至7中任一項所述之玻璃料,(c)及有機介質。
- 如請求項8所述之導電膠,其中該導電金屬選自由以下組成之群:包含碳、銀、金、鋁、鉑、鈀、錫、鎳、鎘、鎵、銦、銅、鋅、鐵、鉍、鈷、錳、鉬、鉻、釩、鈦、鎢或其混合物或合金。
- 如請求項8所述之導電膠,其中該有機介質選自包含以下之群:溶劑、黏合劑、界面活性劑、觸變劑、塑化劑、增溶劑、消泡劑、除濕劑、交聯劑、錯合劑及/或導電聚合物粒子以及其混合物。
- 如請求項9所述之導電膠,其中該導電金屬呈平均粒度在10nm至100μm範圍內之粒子形式。
- 如請求項8所述之導電膠,其用於在用於太陽能電池之半導體基板上形成導電格線。
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EP17156243 | 2017-02-15 |
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TW107105455A TW201840496A (zh) | 2017-02-15 | 2018-02-14 | 玻璃料、導電膠及導電膠的用途 |
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US (1) | US20200048140A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3583612A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN110291595A (zh) |
TW (1) | TW201840496A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018149802A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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TWI687941B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-03-11 | 磐采股份有限公司 | 導電膠及應用該導電膠之太陽能電池 |
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CN109903886A (zh) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-06-18 | 浙江光达电子科技有限公司 | 一种应用于无网结网版的正面细栅浆料 |
CN110931145A (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-03-27 | 广东顺德弘暻电子有限公司 | 一种基于不锈钢基材的厚膜银铂电阻浆料及其制备方法 |
CN111499208B (zh) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-08-06 | 常州聚和新材料股份有限公司 | 单晶硅太阳能电池正面银浆用玻璃料及其制备方法与应用 |
CN112002772B (zh) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-08 | 晶科能源股份有限公司 | 太阳能电池栅线结构和光伏组件 |
CN114180844B (zh) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-09-13 | 江苏日御光伏新材料科技有限公司 | 一种锂-碲硅二元玻璃氧化物复合体系及含有该复合体系的导电浆料 |
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JP2987039B2 (ja) * | 1993-10-29 | 1999-12-06 | セントラル硝子株式会社 | 接着・封止用ガラス |
US7736546B2 (en) | 2008-01-30 | 2010-06-15 | Basf Se | Glass frits |
KR102177050B1 (ko) | 2010-05-04 | 2020-11-10 | 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 | 납- 및 텔루륨-산화물을 함유하는 후막 페이스트, 및 반도체 디바이스의 제조에 있어서의 그의 용도 |
US20130180583A1 (en) * | 2012-01-17 | 2013-07-18 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive paste for fine-line high-aspect-ratio screen printing in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US20140352768A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of manufacturing solar cell electrode |
CN104575661B (zh) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-09-12 | 硕禾电子材料股份有限公司 | 一种导电浆及其制造方法 |
GB201407418D0 (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2014-06-11 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Conductive paste, electrode and solar cell |
CN105097067B (zh) * | 2014-05-15 | 2017-11-14 | 三星Sdi株式会社 | 用于形成太阳电池电极的组合物及使用其制备的电极 |
CN104867537B (zh) * | 2015-04-23 | 2017-03-01 | 江苏欧耐尔新型材料有限公司 | 低铅高方阻硅太阳能电池正面银电极浆料及其制备方法 |
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- 2018-02-13 EP EP18704023.3A patent/EP3583612A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-02-13 CN CN201880011353.8A patent/CN110291595A/zh active Pending
- 2018-02-14 TW TW107105455A patent/TW201840496A/zh unknown
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TWI687941B (zh) * | 2019-01-14 | 2020-03-11 | 磐采股份有限公司 | 導電膠及應用該導電膠之太陽能電池 |
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CN110291595A (zh) | 2019-09-27 |
WO2018149802A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
US20200048140A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
EP3583612A1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
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