TW201803241A - Distributed module type grid-connected conversion device and its control method especially for storing off-grid electricity in batteries and selling same to a power supplier - Google Patents
Distributed module type grid-connected conversion device and its control method especially for storing off-grid electricity in batteries and selling same to a power supplier Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本發明係與燃料電池之轉換裝置有關；特別是指一種分散模組式併網轉換裝置及其控制方法。The invention relates to a conversion device for a fuel cell; in particular, it relates to a distributed modular grid-connected conversion device and a control method thereof.
由於全球氣候變遷對人類帶來警訊，各種綠色能源科技快速發展，例如太陽能、風能以及氫能等發電技術均有顯著突破。特別是燃料電池，燃料電池可將化學能連續地直接轉換成電能，具有低汙染、低噪音、免充電、高效率、壽命長、適用範圍廣以及可以分散式供電等諸多優點，除了可應用於太空計劃，也可應用於民生發電、交通載具、軍事、可攜式電源以及電子產品等方面。As global climate change brings warnings to humankind, various green energy technologies have developed rapidly, such as solar, wind, and hydrogen power generation technologies. Especially for fuel cells, fuel cells can continuously convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. It has many advantages such as low pollution, low noise, no charge, high efficiency, long life, wide application range, and decentralized power supply. The space program can also be applied to people's livelihood power generation, transportation vehicles, military, portable power sources and electronic products.
習用燃料電池發電系統為多級串接式電力轉換架構，通常搭配備載電池(Back-up Battery)使用，系統包含有一升壓轉換器以及一直流/交流變流器，其中升壓轉換器用以將低壓輸入轉換至直流高壓準位，而位於後端之直流/交流變流器用以將直流高壓轉換成交流電，以供家用負載使用。The conventional fuel cell power generation system is a multi-stage series power conversion architecture, which is usually used with a back-up battery. The system includes a boost converter and a DC / AC converter. The boost converter is used to The low-voltage input is converted to a DC high-voltage level, and the DC / AC converter at the back end is used to convert DC high-voltage to AC power for domestic loads.
然而，習用多級式電力轉換的控制器必須分別獨立設計，分別對直流鏈電壓以及交流輸出作控制，具有複雜、高成本以及系統可靠度降低的缺點；另一方面，其能量傳送的過程經過多次高頻電力轉換，轉換效率較差；再加上習用燃料電池的變流器產品為高壓啟動規格，不適用各式低壓輸出型之燃料電池。是以，為提升能源的使用效能以及降低能源生產過程所造成的汙染，如何提高應用有燃料電池之發電系統的轉換效率，實在是當前發展綠色能源的過程中，所必須面對的課題。However, the conventional multi-level power conversion controller must be designed independently to control the DC link voltage and AC output, which has the disadvantages of complexity, high cost and reduced system reliability. On the other hand, the process of energy transmission Multiple high-frequency power conversions have poor conversion efficiency; coupled with the conventional fuel cell converter products have high-voltage start-up specifications, they are not suitable for various low-voltage output fuel cells. Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of energy use and reduce the pollution caused by the energy production process, how to improve the conversion efficiency of a fuel cell power generation system is a topic that must be faced in the current development of green energy.
有鑑於此，本發明之目的在於提供一種分散模組式併網轉換裝置，具有高效率電能轉換、大量模組化、擴充運用靈活、且適用於各式標準的低壓輸出型燃料電池等特性。In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a decentralized modular grid-connected conversion device, which has the characteristics of high-efficiency electric energy conversion, large number of modules, flexible expansion and application, and is suitable for various standards of low-voltage output-type fuel cells.
緣以達成上述目的，本發明提供的一種分散模組式併網轉換裝置供與一電網電性連接，用以提供交流電力予該電網，該分散模組式併網轉換裝置包括有一電池模組，用以輸出一直流電力；一功率轉換模組，與該電池模組以及該電網電性連接，該功率轉換模組包含有至少二變流器，該些變流器之間並聯連接，該功率轉換模組用以接收該電池模組所輸出的直流電力並轉換為一交流電力輸出，且所輸出之該交流電力係供應予該電網；一電源管理模組，與該電池模組以及該功率轉換模組電性連接，該電源管理模組係依據該電網的負載用電量，對各該變流器進行功率調控，以輸出相應於該負載用電量的交流電力。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a decentralized modular grid-connected conversion device for electrically connecting to a power grid for providing AC power to the grid. The decentralized modular grid-connected conversion device includes a battery module. To output DC power; a power conversion module electrically connected to the battery module and the power grid, the power conversion module includes at least two converters, and the converters are connected in parallel, The power conversion module is used to receive the DC power output by the battery module and convert it into an AC power output, and the AC power output is supplied to the power grid; a power management module, the battery module and the battery module The power conversion module is electrically connected, and the power management module performs power regulation on each of the converters according to the load power consumption of the power grid to output AC power corresponding to the load power consumption.
本發明另提供一種分散模組式併網轉換裝置的控制方法，其包含有以下步驟：A、偵測該電網的負載用電量；B、依據步驟A所偵測之負載用電量，作以下其中一個步驟：B1、該電網的負載用電量大於一第一閥值時，該電源管理模組對至少二該變流器發出啟動訊號，以使至少二該變流器進行運作；B2、該電網的負載用電量小於一第二閥值時，該電源管理模組對至少一該變流器發出關閉訊號，以使至少一該變流器停止運作。The present invention further provides a control method for a distributed modular grid-connected conversion device, which includes the following steps: A. detecting the load power consumption of the power grid; B. according to the load power consumption detected in step A. One of the following steps: B1, when the load power consumption of the power grid is greater than a first threshold, the power management module sends a start signal to at least two of the converters so that at least two of the converters operate; B2 When the load power consumption of the power grid is less than a second threshold, the power management module sends a shutdown signal to at least one of the converters to stop at least one of the converters from operating.
本發明之效果在於該分散模組式併網轉換裝置可直接將電池模組之電力傳送至市電網以省去蓄電池組成本，且該分散模組式併網轉換裝置採用返馳式變流器，可以滿足燃料電池寬廣輸入電壓範圍的要求，使其適用於各式標準的低壓輸出型燃料電池；該分散模組式併網轉換裝置採用控制器區域網路匯流排，能大幅縮減各模組間連接時之電線的使用量，也相對的減少許多線路上的接點，有效提升該分散模組式併網轉換裝置之可靠度；而並聯之結構設計使擴充與應用更靈活，方便對綠色能源發電規模的調整，且當單一變流器故障時，可針對該故障變流器進行故障排除與檢修，不須將全系統停止運轉。The effect of the present invention is that the decentralized modular grid-connected conversion device can directly transmit the power of the battery module to the city power grid to eliminate the cost of the storage battery, and the decentralized modular grid-connected conversion device uses a flyback converter. It can meet the requirements of a wide input voltage range of fuel cells, making it suitable for various standard low-voltage output fuel cells. The distributed modular grid-connected conversion device uses a controller area network bus, which can greatly reduce each module. The amount of wires used during inter-connection also relatively reduces the number of contacts on many lines, effectively improving the reliability of the decentralized modular grid-connected conversion device; and the parallel structure design makes expansion and application more flexible and convenient for green Adjust the scale of energy generation, and when a single converter fails, troubleshoot and repair the faulty converter can be performed without stopping the entire system.
為能更清楚地說明本發明，茲舉一較佳實施例並配合圖式詳細說明如後。請參圖１所示，為本發明一較佳實施例之分散模組式併網轉換裝置100，其用以供與一電網10電性連接並可提供交流電力予該電網10。更詳而言之，該電網10係用以提供用電的輸電網路，其可以是家庭型微電網、社區型電網及城市型電網等不同規模大小的電網種類，而於本實施例中，該電網10茲以市電（城市型電網）為例，但於其他實際實施上並不以此為限。In order to explain the present invention more clearly, a preferred embodiment is described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a decentralized modular grid-connected conversion device 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is used to be electrically connected to a power grid 10 and can provide AC power to the power grid 10. More specifically, the power grid 10 is a power transmission network for providing electricity. It can be a home-type micro-grid, a community-based grid, or an urban-type power grid of different sizes. In this embodiment, The power grid 10 takes city power (urban power grid) as an example, but it is not limited to other practical implementations.
該分散模組式併網轉換裝置100包含有一電池模組20、一功率轉換模組30以及一電源管理模組40。The distributed modular grid-connected conversion device 100 includes a battery module 20, a power conversion module 30 and a power management module 40.
該電池模組20用以輸出一直流電力，於本實施例中係選用直流電型式之燃料電池系統作為該電池模組20，且其啟動電壓為15V。另外由於燃料電池本身之電氣特性，其輸出為低壓時電流大，且電壓會隨著輸出電流而變化，意即，當該電池模組20供予負載之電流越大時，該電池模組20之電壓將越低。The battery module 20 is used for outputting direct current power. In this embodiment, a DC-type fuel cell system is used as the battery module 20, and its starting voltage is 15V. In addition, due to the electrical characteristics of the fuel cell itself, the current is large when the output is low voltage, and the voltage changes with the output current, which means that when the current supplied to the load by the battery module 20 is greater, the battery module 20 The lower the voltage will be.
請參圖２以及圖３所示，該功率轉換模組30與該電池模組20以及該電網10電性連接，用以接收該電池模組20所輸出的直流電力並轉換為一交流電力輸出供應予該電網10。於本實施例中，該功率轉換模組30包含有多個變流器32、多個整流電路34以及多個濾波電路36，該些濾波電路36設置於該電網10前，本實施例中，該些濾波電路36採用LC濾波電路。各該變流器32與相對應之各該整流電路34電性連接，各該整流電路34與相對應之各該濾波電路36電性連接，且該些變流器32之間並聯連接，而各該變流器32係選用單級返馳式變流器之設計，且各該變流器32電路為多向分流設計，而該些整流電路34則採用低頻全橋整形開關；其中，該變流器32具有一一次側322(即本發明所界定的直流側)與一二次側324(即本發明所界定的交流側)，該一次側322耦接該電池模組20，該二次側324耦接該整流電路34。該功率轉換模組30之設計目的，在於該電池模組20所選用之燃料電池是經由化學反應而產生能量，其暫態響應較長，若所供電之負載瞬間抽取大電流時，該電池模組20將發生輸出電壓驟降的情況，而會造成電路的導通損失遽增以及轉換效率降低的情況發生，進而導致該電池模組20整體發電性能下降之情況，據此，透過各該變流器32電路為多向分流之設計，該電池模組20之電流得以平均經過各該變流器32，使電路導通損失降低，同時抑制高頻電流漣波，有效地降低電路高頻損失，且該電池模組20之功率控制響應亦得到提昇。Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. The power conversion module 30 is electrically connected to the battery module 20 and the power grid 10 to receive the DC power output by the battery module 20 and convert it into an AC power output. Supply to the grid 10. In this embodiment, the power conversion module 30 includes a plurality of converters 32, a plurality of rectifier circuits 34, and a plurality of filter circuits 36. The filter circuits 36 are disposed in front of the power grid 10. In this embodiment, The filter circuits 36 are LC filter circuits. Each of the converters 32 is electrically connected to a corresponding one of the rectifier circuits 34, each of the rectifier circuits 34 is electrically connected to a corresponding one of the filter circuits 36, and the converters 32 are connected in parallel, and Each of the converters 32 is a single-stage flyback converter design, and the circuits of each of the converters 32 are multi-directional shunt designs, and the rectifier circuits 34 are low-frequency full-bridge shaping switches; The converter 32 has a primary side 322 (that is, the DC side defined in the present invention) and a secondary side 324 (that is, the AC side defined in the present invention). The primary side 322 is coupled to the battery module 20. The secondary side 324 is coupled to the rectifier circuit 34. The design purpose of the power conversion module 30 is that the fuel cell selected by the battery module 20 generates energy through a chemical reaction, and its transient response is relatively long. If a large current is drawn instantaneously by the power supply, the battery mode The group 20 will experience a sudden drop in output voltage, which will lead to an increase in the conduction loss of the circuit and a decrease in the conversion efficiency, which will cause the overall power generation performance of the battery module 20 to decrease. Based on this, The circuit of the converter 32 is a multi-directional shunt design. The current of the battery module 20 can pass through each of the converters 32 evenly, so that the circuit conduction loss is reduced, and the high-frequency current ripple is suppressed, which effectively reduces the high-frequency loss of the circuit. The power control response of the battery module 20 is also improved.
值得一提的是，該些變流器32於本實施例中採用單級返馳式變流器並同時導入準諧振切換技術，將可實現模擬直流鏈操作原理之效果，使達到高效率電能轉換，返馳式轉換電路之電壓增益為可升降壓特性，可使其適用於各式標準的低壓輸出型(15V~80V)燃料電池。另外，該準諧振切換技術之電路架構包含有至少一主開關元件(圖未示)、至少一主開關寄生電容(圖未示)以及一漏感(圖未示)，該主開關元件、該主開關寄生電容以及該漏感皆位於該一次側322。透過準諧振切換技術並利用該漏感與該主開關寄生電容產生共振，將可降低該一次側322之該主開關元件之應力，使該主開關元件達到零電壓柔性切換，並且可大幅降低該二次側324之逆向回復電流損失，使該功率轉換模組30的各該變流器32都能達到高轉換效率。It is worth mentioning that these converters 32 in this embodiment adopt a single-stage flyback converter and introduce quasi-resonant switching technology at the same time, which can achieve the effect of simulating the operation principle of the DC link and achieve high-efficiency power. The voltage gain of the conversion and flyback conversion circuit is buck-boost, which makes it suitable for various standard low-voltage output type (15V ~ 80V) fuel cells. In addition, the circuit architecture of the quasi-resonant switching technology includes at least one main switching element (not shown), at least one main switch parasitic capacitance (not shown), and a leakage inductance (not shown). The main switching element, the The main switch parasitic capacitance and the leakage inductance are both located on the primary side 322. Through quasi-resonant switching technology and utilizing the leakage inductance to resonate with the parasitic capacitance of the main switch, the stress of the main switching element on the primary side 322 can be reduced, the main switching element can achieve zero-voltage flexible switching, and it can greatly reduce the The reverse recovery current loss of the secondary side 324 enables each of the converters 32 of the power conversion module 30 to achieve high conversion efficiency.
此外，各該整流電路34採用低頻全橋整形開關之設計，便可將半正弦波電流整形成正弦波電流，而連接於該電網10前的各該濾波電路36，則可以濾除高頻雜訊，藉以使輸出至該電網10之波形較為平滑，而可達到減少失真以及諧波之效果。當該變流器32與市電電壓頻率達到同步時，便可經由交流電壓/電流之回授得知市電電壓以及各該變流器32輸出電流，提供該電源管理模組40判斷是否適合進行能量饋入市電作業。除此之外，於本實施例中，該功率轉換模組30更包含有二薄膜電容38，各該薄膜電容38分別耦接於一該變流器32與一該整流電路34之間，用以對各該變流器32所輸出的半弦波電壓進行濾波並輸出予各該整流電路34。如此一來，該功率轉換模組30之電路運作是於該二次側324之各該薄膜電容38上以模擬直流鏈操作原理來形成半正弦波波形電壓，故不需額外的高壓電解電容，此特點使該些變流器32具有長壽命之優勢。In addition, each of the rectifier circuits 34 adopts the design of a low-frequency full-bridge shaping switch, which can shape a half-sine wave current into a sine wave current, and each of the filter circuits 36 connected in front of the power grid 10 can filter high-frequency noise. It can smooth the waveform output to the power grid 10 and reduce distortion and harmonics. When the converter 32 is synchronized with the mains voltage frequency, the mains voltage and the output current of each of the converters 32 can be known through the AC voltage / current feedback, and the power management module 40 is provided to determine whether it is suitable for energy Feed into the mains operation. In addition, in this embodiment, the power conversion module 30 further includes two thin film capacitors 38, each of which is coupled between a converter 32 and a rectifier circuit 34, respectively. The half-sine wave voltage output by each of the converters 32 is filtered and output to each of the rectifier circuits 34. In this way, the circuit operation of the power conversion module 30 is to form a half sine wave waveform voltage on each of the film capacitors 38 on the secondary side 324 based on the analog DC chain operation principle, so no additional high-voltage electrolytic capacitors are needed. This feature makes these converters 32 have the advantage of long life.
請參圖４，該電源管理模組40與該電池模組20以及該功率轉換模組30電性連接，於本實施例中，該電源管理模組40包含有一控制器42、一顯示器44、一輸入器46以及一輔助電源48。其中，該輸入器46用以供使用者輸入該電源管理模組40之各種狀態的資訊，透過該顯示器44顯示該電源管理模組40之各種狀態的資訊；該輔助電源48用以提供該電源管理模組40所需之電力；該控制器42用以偵測該電網10的負載用電量，並依據負載用電量對各該變流器32輸出控制訊號。較佳者，於一實施例當中，該電源管理模組40係可透過一控制器區域網路匯流排（CAN-BUS）以對各該變流器32下達對應的控制訊號，例如：該電源管理模組40係可透過變頻式脈波寬度調變控制訊號，以個別地對各該變流器32進行功率調控，以輸出相應於負載用電量的交流電力。Please refer to FIG. 4, the power management module 40 is electrically connected to the battery module 20 and the power conversion module 30. In this embodiment, the power management module 40 includes a controller 42, a display 44, An input device 46 and an auxiliary power source 48. The input device 46 is used for a user to input information of various states of the power management module 40, and the display 44 displays information of various states of the power management module 40; the auxiliary power source 48 is used to provide the power source The power required by the management module 40; the controller 42 is used to detect the load power consumption of the power grid 10, and output a control signal to each of the converters 32 according to the load power consumption. Preferably, in an embodiment, the power management module 40 can send a corresponding control signal to each of the converters 32 through a controller area network bus (CAN-BUS), for example, the power supply. The management module 40 can control the power of each of the converters 32 individually by using a variable frequency pulse width modulation control signal to output AC power corresponding to the power consumption of the load.
該控制器42持續監控各該變流器32，並對該些變流器32做故障檢測，除此之外，該控制器42更可與一家庭能源管理系統50(HEMS)進行通訊，該家庭能源管理系統50用以發出即時調度命令，並透過該顯示器44告之使用者系統狀態或透過通訊告知該控制器42，以實現即時處理與提高系統可靠度。The controller 42 continuously monitors each of the converters 32 and performs fault detection on the converters 32. In addition, the controller 42 can communicate with a home energy management system 50 (HEMS). The home energy management system 50 is used to issue a real-time scheduling command and inform the controller 42 of the user's system status through the display 44 or to communicate to the controller 42 to achieve real-time processing and improve system reliability.
舉例而言，當每台變流器32之供應瓦數可達300瓦，當該電網10的負載用電量大於一第一閥值(本實施例中設定為1000瓦)時，則需啟動相對較多台之該變流器32，此時，該電源管理模組40便會向對應之各該變流器32發出啟動訊號，以使其中四台該變流器32進行運作，以供應足夠之用電量給該電網10的負載使用；另外，當該電網10的負載用電量小於一第二閥值(本實施例中設定為500瓦)時，則僅需要啟動一部分的變流器32，此時，該電源管理模組40便會向對應之各該變流器32發出關閉訊號，以使部分的該變流器32停止運作，而僅保留其中兩台持續運作，即可提供足夠的電量供該電網10使用。For example, when the supply wattage of each converter 32 can reach 300 watts, when the power consumption of the load of the power grid 10 is greater than a first threshold (1000 watts in this embodiment), it needs to be started There are relatively many converters 32. At this time, the power management module 40 will send a start signal to the corresponding converters 32, so that four of the converters 32 will operate to supply. Sufficient power consumption for the load of the power grid 10; In addition, when the load power consumption of the power grid 10 is less than a second threshold (set to 500 watts in this embodiment), only a part of the current conversion needs to be started At this time, the power management module 40 will send a shutdown signal to the corresponding converters 32, so that some of the converters 32 will stop operating, and only two of them will continue to operate. Sufficient power is provided for use by the grid 10.
如此一來，透過因應負載用電量大小來控制啟動相應數量的該些變流器32作動的方式，可進而達到節約能源之效果。In this way, by controlling the operation mode of the corresponding number of converters 32 according to the amount of power consumption of the load, the effect of saving energy can be achieved.
另外，於本實施例中，各該變流器32與該電源管理模組40係透過一控制器區域網路匯流排60（CAN-BUS）進行雙向資訊(例如燃料電池的電壓/電流、電網之電壓/電流等)傳輸，採用該控制器區域網路匯流排60之好處，在於能大幅縮減電線的使用量，相對的，也減少線路上之接點，進而可減少布線成本並可增加線路穩定度。除此之外，當任一該變流器32有壞損的情況發生時，該家庭能源管理系統50更可透過該控制器區域網路匯流排60回報給該電源管理模組40以進行檢修，而後便可進一步控制該功率轉換模組30關閉異常的該變流器32以進行降載操作模式，此創新方式改善了習用變流器系統故障就必須停機的問題、有效地減少客戶端的發電損失。另外，該控制器區域網路匯流排60更具有穩定、有效通訊距離長、容錯以及抗干擾之能力，而可提升該分散模組式併網轉換裝置100之泛用性。In addition, in this embodiment, each of the converter 32 and the power management module 40 uses a controller area network bus 60 (CAN-BUS) to perform bidirectional information (such as the voltage / current of the fuel cell, the power grid, etc.). (Voltage / current, etc.) transmission, the advantage of using the controller area network bus 60 is that it can greatly reduce the use of electrical wires. In contrast, it also reduces the number of contacts on the line, which can reduce wiring costs and increase Line stability. In addition, when any of the converters 32 is damaged, the home energy management system 50 can report back to the power management module 40 through the controller area network bus 60 for maintenance. Then, the power conversion module 30 can be further controlled to abnormally close the converter 32 to perform a load reduction operation mode. This innovative method improves the problem that the conventional converter system must be stopped when it fails, and effectively reduces the power generation of the client. loss. In addition, the controller area network bus 60 is more stable, has a longer effective communication distance, is fault-tolerant, and has the ability to resist interference, which can improve the versatility of the distributed modular grid-connected conversion device 100.
請配合圖５所示，於該分散模組式併網轉換裝置100啟動後，作為運作中樞的電源管理模組40將啟動，並檢測其與家庭能源管理系統50之間是否有發生連線逾時的情況，其中，若是，則表示系統發生故障或異常，此時該電源管理模組40便控制該些變流器停止供電；若否，則表示電源管理模組40與家庭能源管理系統50運作正常；接者，便可透過CAN-BUS收集所有變流器32的資訊（例如：變流器的故障資訊、實際發電量、命令與回授量等資訊），藉以獲悉各該變流器當前的工作狀態等資訊；接著，更新家庭能源管理系統20所回傳之負載用電量以及能量轉換指令，藉以供該電源管理模組40依據該負載用電量以及能量轉換指令對各該變流器發布控制訊號，其中，較佳者，於對各該變流器發布控制訊號之前係可執行一自我檢驗程序藉以標記出可投入併電網發電的變流器編號及/或標記出無法工作的變流器編號。Please cooperate with FIG. 5. After the distributed modular grid-connected conversion device 100 is started, the power management module 40 as the operation center will be started, and it will be detected whether there is any connection between it and the home energy management system 50. At that time, if it is, it indicates that the system is faulty or abnormal. At this time, the power management module 40 controls the converters to stop supplying power; if not, it indicates that the power management module 40 and the home energy management system 50 The operation is normal; then, the information of all converters 32 (such as the fault information of the converter, the actual power generation amount, the command and the feedback amount, etc.) can be collected through CAN-BUS, so as to learn about each converter. The current working status and other information; then, the load power consumption and energy conversion instructions returned by the home energy management system 20 are updated, so that the power management module 40 responds to each of the changes according to the load power consumption and energy conversion instructions. The converter issues control signals. Among them, the better one is to execute a self-checking procedure before issuing the control signals to the converters to mark the converters that can be put into the grid and generate electricity. Number and / or ID mark converter not work.
請參圖６所示，所述的自我檢驗程序的一實施態樣，首先，設定有一變數N，並將該變數N初始化為0，以及清除所有變流器上的標記（或稱狀態標籤），接著，進入一檢驗迴圈，以每次N遞增加1的順序，檢驗變流器第N號機是否發生異常，若該變流器第N號機為屬於正常可供作狀態，則標記該變流器第N號機為可投入併網發電的變流器，直到所有變流器皆已完成檢驗，亦即，直到變數N已遞增至大於最大變流器數量為止，以結束自我檢驗的程序。其中，透過該自我檢驗程序，便可檢驗出各該變流器（例如變流器第1~N號機）的狀態是否正常。Please refer to FIG. 6, an embodiment of the self-checking procedure. First, a variable N is set, and the variable N is initialized to 0, and all tags (or status labels) on the converters are cleared. Then, enter a test loop to check whether the abnormality of the N machine of the converter is abnormal in the order of increasing N by 1 each time. If the N machine of the converter is in a normal working state, mark it. The No. N of the converter is a converter that can be connected to the grid for power generation, until all converters have been inspected, that is, until the variable N has been increased to greater than the maximum number of converters to end the self-test. program of. Among them, through the self-checking program, it can be checked whether the status of each converter (for example, converters No. 1 to N) is normal.
接著，復參圖５所示，於執行完自我檢驗程序後，即根據是否執行該能量轉換指令作後續的步驟，若否，便控制所有變流器停止供電；若是，則進一步判斷負載用電量是否大於已標記（係指可正常工作之標記）的總變流器的發電量，其中，若是，則控制所有已標記的變流器滿載公電；若否，則根據負載用電量的多寡，分配適當數量的變流器投入併網發電即可，藉以達到因應負載用電量大小來控制啟動相應數量的變流器作動，進而達到節約能源之效果。Next, refer to Figure 5 again. After the self-checking procedure is performed, follow the steps according to whether to execute the energy conversion instruction. If not, then control all converters to stop power supply; if so, further determine the load power consumption. Whether the amount is greater than the total power output of the marked converter (referred to as a mark that can work normally), where, if yes, control all marked converters to be fully loaded with public electricity; if not, according to the amount of electricity used by the load It is only necessary to allocate a proper number of converters for grid-connected power generation, so as to control and start the corresponding number of converters to act according to the load power consumption, thereby achieving the effect of saving energy.
值得一提的是，基於上述架構，可採用MK64FN1M0VLL12數位訊號處理器(DSP)作為該電源管理模組40的控制器42，並透過CAN-BUS來調控燃料電池之輸出電流，而可使該一次側322的電流波形追隨一整流後弦波電流命令，而後利用全橋開關電路進行半正弦波低頻切換，進一步將該二次側324的電流依正負半週經LC濾波電路注入該電網10。另外，在該變流器32控制韌體實現上，則可採用TMS320F28335(內含有A/D轉換器、計數器、PWM輸出等功能模組)配合週邊感測電路設計進行韌體演算，藉以減少硬體電路的複雜度。此外，本實施例所開發的該電源管理模組40及其通訊介面49，則可採用RS-232/RS-485通信標準以實現該家庭能源管理系統50與該電源管理模組40之間的遠程通信，並可藉由上述設計達到調控燃料電池輸出功率與併網電流的效果。值得說明的是，該電源管理模組40之電力來源是經由該輔助電源48(AC/DC)提供三組隔離的五伏特，該電源管理模組40亦可透過該輸入器46(本實施例中採用KEYPAD)輸入系統狀態之資訊並將系統狀態之資訊顯示於該顯示器44(本實施例中採用LCD)或回傳至該家庭能源管理系統50。另外，於一實施例當中，上述之通訊介面49亦可同樣採用CAN-BUS或其他通信標準，而不以上述說明為限。It is worth mentioning that based on the above-mentioned architecture, the MK64FN1M0VLL12 digital signal processor (DSP) can be used as the controller 42 of the power management module 40, and the output current of the fuel cell can be regulated through CAN-BUS, so that the The current waveform on the side 322 follows a rectified sine wave current command, and then the full-bridge switching circuit is used to perform half-sine wave low-frequency switching, and the current on the secondary side 324 is injected into the power grid 10 through the LC filter circuit according to positive and negative half cycles. In addition, in the implementation of the firmware controlled by the converter 32, TMS320F28335 (containing A / D converter, counter, PWM output and other functional modules) can be used in conjunction with the peripheral sensing circuit design to perform firmware calculations to reduce hardware. The complexity of the body circuit. In addition, the power management module 40 and its communication interface 49 developed in this embodiment can use the RS-232 / RS-485 communication standard to implement the communication between the home energy management system 50 and the power management module 40. Long-distance communication, and can achieve the effect of regulating fuel cell output power and grid-connected current through the above design. It is worth noting that the power source of the power management module 40 provides three sets of isolated five volts through the auxiliary power supply 48 (AC / DC). The power management module 40 can also pass through the input 46 (this embodiment KEYPAD is used to input the system status information and display the system status information on the display 44 (LCD is used in this embodiment) or return to the home energy management system 50. In addition, in an embodiment, the above-mentioned communication interface 49 may also use CAN-BUS or other communication standards, and is not limited to the above description.
綜上所述，本發明之該分散模組式併網轉換裝置100可直接將該電池模組20之電力傳送至市電網以省去蓄電池組成本，且該分散模組式併網轉換裝置100採用返馳式變流器，返馳式變流器的電路之電壓增益為可升降壓特性，可以使其適用於各式標準的低壓輸出型燃料電池，因此具有市場通用性；該分散模組式併網轉換裝置100採用該控制器區域網路匯流排60，能大幅縮減各該變流器32間連接時之電線的使用量，也相對的減少許多線路上的接點，有效提升該分散模組式併網轉換裝置100之可靠度；而該些變流器32並聯之結構設計使擴充與應用更靈活，方便對綠色能源發電規模的調整，且當單一該變流器32故障時，可針對該故障變流器32進行故障排除與檢修，不需將全系統停止運轉，有效地減少客戶端的發電損失。如此一來，本發明改善了習用應用綠色能源時轉換效率不彰的問題，並成功地提升綠色能源的轉換效率，進而提高了人們對於綠色能源的使用意願。In summary, the decentralized module-type grid-connected conversion device 100 of the present invention can directly transmit the power of the battery module 20 to the city grid to eliminate the cost of a battery, and the decentralized module-type grid-connected conversion device 100 Adopt flyback converter, the voltage gain of the circuit of the flyback converter can be stepped up and down, which can make it suitable for various standard low-voltage output fuel cells, so it has market versatility; the decentralized module The grid-connected conversion device 100 adopts the controller area network bus 60, which can greatly reduce the amount of electric wires used when connecting the converters 32, and also relatively reduce the number of contacts on many lines, effectively improving the decentralization. The reliability of the modular grid-connected conversion device 100; and the structural design of the converters 32 connected in parallel makes the expansion and application more flexible, facilitating the adjustment of the scale of green energy generation, and when a single converter 32 fails, It is possible to perform troubleshooting and maintenance on the faulty converter 32 without stopping the entire system, effectively reducing the power generation loss of the client. In this way, the present invention improves the problem of poor conversion efficiency in the conventional application of green energy, and successfully improves the conversion efficiency of green energy, thereby increasing people's willingness to use green energy.
以上所述僅為本發明較佳可行實施例而已，舉凡應用本發明說明書及申請專利範圍所為之等效變化，理應包含在本發明之專利範圍內。The above descriptions are only the preferred and feasible embodiments of the present invention, and any equivalent changes made by applying the description of the present invention and the scope of patent application should be included in the patent scope of the present invention.
［本發明］
100‧‧‧分散模組式併網轉換裝置
10‧‧‧電網
20‧‧‧電池模組
30‧‧‧功率轉換模組
32‧‧‧變流器
322‧‧‧一次側
324‧‧‧二次側
34‧‧‧整流電路
36‧‧‧濾波電路
38‧‧‧薄膜電容
40‧‧‧電源管理模組
42‧‧‧控制器
44‧‧‧顯示器
46‧‧‧輸入器
48‧‧‧輔助電源
49‧‧‧通訊介面
50‧‧‧家庭能源管理系統
60‧‧‧控制器區域網路匯流排[this invention]
100‧‧‧ decentralized modular grid-connected conversion device
10‧‧‧ Power Grid
20‧‧‧ Battery Module
30‧‧‧Power Conversion Module
32‧‧‧ converter
322‧‧‧ primary side
324‧‧‧ secondary side
34‧‧‧Rectifier circuit
36‧‧‧Filter circuit
38‧‧‧ film capacitor
40‧‧‧Power Management Module
42‧‧‧controller
44‧‧‧ Display
46‧‧‧Input
48‧‧‧ auxiliary power
49‧‧‧ communication interface
50‧‧‧Home Energy Management System
60‧‧‧ Controller LAN Bus
圖１為本發明一較佳實施例之分散模組式併網轉換裝置的電路架構示意圖。 圖２為上述較佳實施例之分散模組式併網轉換裝置的單一變流器之電路圖。 圖３為上述較佳實施例之分散模組式併網轉換裝置的單一變流器之電路工作波形圖。 圖４為上述較佳實施例之分散模組式併網轉換裝置的電源管理模組之電路架構示意圖。 圖５為上述較佳實施例之分散模組式併網轉換裝置的流程圖。 圖６為上述較佳實施例之分散模組式併網轉換裝置的自我檢驗程序的流程圖。FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a distributed modular grid-connected conversion device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a single converter of the distributed modular grid-connected conversion device of the above preferred embodiment. FIG. 3 is a circuit waveform diagram of a single converter of the distributed modular grid-connected conversion device of the above preferred embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit architecture of the power management module of the distributed modular grid-connected conversion device of the above preferred embodiment. FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the distributed modular grid-connected conversion device of the above preferred embodiment. FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a self-checking procedure of the distributed modular grid-connected conversion device of the above preferred embodiment.
100‧‧‧分散模組式併網轉換裝置 100‧‧‧ decentralized modular grid-connected conversion device
10‧‧‧電網 10‧‧‧ Power Grid
20‧‧‧電池模組 20‧‧‧ Battery Module
30‧‧‧功率轉換模組 30‧‧‧Power Conversion Module
32‧‧‧變流器 32‧‧‧ converter
40‧‧‧電源管理模組 40‧‧‧Power Management Module
50‧‧‧家庭能源管理系統 50‧‧‧Home Energy Management System
60‧‧‧控制器區域網路匯流排 60‧‧‧ Controller LAN Bus
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI679439B (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2019-12-11 | 緯穎科技服務股份有限公司 | Power management system and method for managing power |
| TWI699065B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-07-11 | 台達電子工業股份有限公司 | Power system applied to solid state transformer structure with communication function and communication module applied to solid state transformer structure |
| TWI700883B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-08-01 | 公準精密工業股份有限公司 | Micro turbine power generation system and its power management method |
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| US11368098B2 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-06-21 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Power system with communication function applied to solid state transformer structure and communication module applied to solid state transformer structure |
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| TWI651911B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-02-21 | 國立清華大學 | Cascaded power converter apparatus |
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| TWM418489U (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2011-12-11 | Fortune Inst Technology | Flyback inverter for ac/dc transformation |
| KR101284331B1 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-07-08 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | Recharge systen for green car and method thereof |
| DE102012210008B4 (en) * | 2012-06-14 | 2023-05-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Process and device for discharging an electrical network |
| TWM501038U (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-05-11 | Univ Nat United | Power grid system with improved power supplying efficiency |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI679439B (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2019-12-11 | 緯穎科技服務股份有限公司 | Power management system and method for managing power |
| TWI699065B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-07-11 | 台達電子工業股份有限公司 | Power system applied to solid state transformer structure with communication function and communication module applied to solid state transformer structure |
| US11368098B2 (en) | 2019-09-20 | 2022-06-21 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Power system with communication function applied to solid state transformer structure and communication module applied to solid state transformer structure |
| TWI700883B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-08-01 | 公準精密工業股份有限公司 | Micro turbine power generation system and its power management method |
| TWI755807B (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-21 | 行政院原子能委員會核能研究所 | Apparatus of integrating grid with parallel power-generating solid oxide fuel cell |
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