TW201717473A - Liquid type lead battery state detection method and liquid type lead battery charging control method for reducing influence by errors caused by external interference while detecting state of liquid type lead battery or controlling charging - Google Patents
Liquid type lead battery state detection method and liquid type lead battery charging control method for reducing influence by errors caused by external interference while detecting state of liquid type lead battery or controlling charging Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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本發明係有關液式鉛電池(battery)，具體而言係有關狀態的檢測或充電的控制。 The present invention relates to liquid lead batteries, and more particularly to the control of the detection or charging of the state.
鉛電池的特性會相應於電池的狀態而變化，因此，檢測鉛電池的狀態有助於進行高精度的控制。 例如，在下述之專利文獻1係記載在鉛蓄電池的充電方法中，於充電中以預定的間隔切斷充電電流僅預定時間，測量在即將切斷充電電流之前的電壓與經過預定時間之時點的電壓兩者的電壓差，以該電壓差轉為增加時為基準來切換充電模式(mode)。 The characteristics of the lead battery vary depending on the state of the battery, so detecting the state of the lead battery facilitates high-precision control. For example, Patent Document 1 listed below discloses that in a charging method of a lead storage battery, the charging current is cut off at a predetermined interval during charging for only a predetermined time, and the voltage immediately before the charging current is cut off and the time when the predetermined time elapses are measured. The voltage difference between the voltages is switched in accordance with the mode when the voltage difference is increased.
專利文獻1 日本國特開平11-176482號公報 Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-176482
然而，在習知技術中係有外擾造成的誤差的影響大之問題。 However, in the prior art, there is a problem that the influence of the error caused by the external disturbance is large.
例如在前述專利文獻1的技術中，由於是取通電時的電池電壓與暫停時的電池電壓之差，故當一 次側電壓的變動等外擾導致充電電流變動，電池電壓因而變動時，有誤檢測狀態等的情形。 For example, in the technique of the aforementioned Patent Document 1, since the difference between the battery voltage at the time of energization and the battery voltage at the time of suspension is taken, External disturbance such as fluctuations in the secondary voltage causes the charging current to fluctuate, and when the battery voltage fluctuates, there is a case where the battery is in an erroneous detection state.
本發明乃係為了解決上述問題點而研創，目的在於提供在檢測液式鉛電池的狀態時或控制液式鉛電池的充電時降低外擾造成的誤差的影響之方法。 The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a method for reducing the influence of an error caused by an external disturbance when detecting the state of a liquid lead battery or controlling the charging of a liquid lead battery.
為了解決上述問題，本發明的方法係液式鉛電池狀態檢測方法，具備下述步驟：以一定週期設置暫停定電流充電的暫停區間，且在暫停區間的各者具備執行下述步驟之步驟：-將從暫停開始時點起經過第1時間的第1時點特定出之步驟；-將從暫停開始時點起經過第2時間的第2時點特定出之步驟；及-取得從第1時點至第2時點為止的電壓減少量之步驟；以及依據電壓減少量從增加轉為減少，檢測出液式鉛電池的狀態之步驟。 In order to solve the above problems, the method of the present invention is a liquid lead battery state detecting method comprising the steps of: setting a pause period for suspending constant current charging at a certain period, and each of the pause periods has a step of performing the following steps: - a step specified from the first time point of the first time from the start of the pause; - a step specified from the second time point of the second time from the start of the pause; and - the acquisition from the first time point to the second time point The step of reducing the amount of voltage up to the point of time; and the step of detecting the state of the liquid lead battery according to the amount of decrease in voltage from increasing to decreasing.
依據上述構成，係根據從充電暫停後經過一段時間的時點的電壓減少量，檢測液式鉛電池的狀態。 According to the above configuration, the state of the liquid lead battery is detected based on the amount of voltage decrease from the time point after a lapse of the charging suspension.
亦可為，暫停區間的長度係相等於第2時間。 Alternatively, the length of the pause interval is equal to the second time.
此外，本發明的方法係液式鉛電池狀態檢測方法，具備下述步驟： 以一定週期設置暫停定電流充電的暫停區間，且在暫停區間的各者執行下述步驟之步驟：-將從暫停開始時點起經過第1時間的第1時點特定出之步驟；-將電壓從第1時點起降低僅第1電壓差的第2時點特定出之步驟；及-取得從第1時點至第2時點為止的經過時間之步驟；以及依據經過時間從減少轉為增加，檢測出液式鉛電池的狀態之步驟。 In addition, the method of the present invention is a liquid lead battery state detecting method, which has the following steps: The pause interval for suspending the constant current charging is set in a certain period, and the steps of the following steps are performed in each of the pause sections: - the step of specifying the first time point of the first time from the start of the pause; - the voltage is taken from a step of lowering only the second time point of the first voltage difference from the first time point; and - a step of obtaining an elapsed time from the first time point to the second time point; and detecting the liquid from the decrease to the increase according to the elapsed time The steps of the state of the lead battery.
依據上述構成，同樣係根據從充電暫停後經過一段時間的時點的電壓減少量，檢測液式鉛電池的狀態。 According to the above configuration, the state of the liquid lead battery is also detected based on the amount of voltage decrease from the time point when the charging is suspended.
此外，本發明的方法係液式鉛電池充電控制方法，具有下述步驟：檢測上述液式鉛電池的狀態之步驟；及根據液式鉛電池的狀態決定充電電流量之步驟。 Further, the method of the present invention is a liquid lead battery charging control method comprising the steps of: detecting a state of the liquid lead battery; and determining a charging current amount according to a state of the liquid lead battery.
亦可為，從增加轉為減少或從減少轉為增加一事，係依據在預定個數的連續的暫停區間中電壓減少量的最大值或經過時間的最小值未更新而檢測出。 Alternatively, the change from the increase to the decrease or the decrease to the increase may be detected based on the maximum value of the voltage decrease amount or the minimum value of the elapsed time in a predetermined number of consecutive pause intervals.
亦可為，從增加轉為減少或從減少轉為增加一事，係依據下述來檢測出：最後的暫停區間的電壓減少量比前面暫停區間的電壓減少量小；或最後的暫停區間的經過時間比前個暫停區間的經過時間長。 It may also be that, from increasing to decreasing or decreasing to increasing, it is detected according to the following: the voltage reduction of the last pause interval is smaller than the voltage reduction of the previous pause interval; or the passage of the last pause interval The time is longer than the elapsed time of the previous pause interval.
亦可為，從增加轉為減少或從減少轉為增加一事，係根據各暫停區間的電壓減少量或經過時間，使用最小平方法來檢測出。 It may also be that the change from the increase to the decrease or the decrease to the increase is detected by the least square method according to the voltage reduction or the elapsed time of each pause interval.
亦可為復具備：取得液式鉛電池的液溫之步驟；及根據液溫決定第2時間或第1電壓差之步驟。 The step of obtaining the liquid temperature of the liquid lead battery and the step of determining the second time or the first voltage difference according to the liquid temperature may be further provided.
依據本發明的方法，係將充電暫停區間開始之後不久的外擾造成的誤差大的區域排除，根據經過某程度時間後的變化來檢測出狀態，因此能夠降低外擾造成的誤差的影響。 According to the method of the present invention, the region where the error caused by the external disturbance is short after the start of the charging suspension section is excluded, and the state is detected based on the change after a certain period of time, so that the influence of the error caused by the external disturbance can be reduced.
AX、AY‧‧‧積分充電電流量 AX, AY‧‧‧ integral charge current
Int1、Int2‧‧‧暫停區間 Int1, Int2‧‧‧ pause interval
intx‧‧‧暫停時間(暫停區間的長度) Intx‧‧‧ pause time (length of pause interval)
t0‧‧‧時刻(暫停開始時點) Time t0‧‧‧ (point of time at the beginning of the suspension)
t1、t5‧‧‧時刻(第1時點) T1, t5‧‧‧ time (1st hour)
t2、t6‧‧‧時刻(第2時點) T2, t6‧‧‧ time (2 o'clock)
TA‧‧‧時間(第1時間) TA‧‧‧Time (1st time)
TB‧‧‧時間(第2時間) TB‧‧ hours (2nd time)
Tx‧‧‧一定的週期 Tx‧‧‧a certain period
VD‧‧‧電壓差(第1電壓差) VD‧‧‧Variance difference (1st voltage difference)
△T‧‧‧經過時間 △T‧‧‧Elapsed time
△V‧‧‧電壓減少量 △V‧‧‧voltage reduction
第1圖係顯示本發明實施形態1的控制下的電壓的變化之曲線圖(graph)。 Fig. 1 is a graph showing changes in voltage under control according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
第2圖係說明實施形態1中取得電壓減少量的取得方法之曲線圖。 Fig. 2 is a graph showing a method of obtaining the obtained voltage reduction amount in the first embodiment.
第3圖係說明實施形態1中檢測第3時點的檢測方法之曲線圖。 Fig. 3 is a graph showing a method of detecting the third time point in the first embodiment.
第4圖係說明實施形態2中取得經過時間的取得方法之曲線圖。 Fig. 4 is a graph showing a method of obtaining an elapsed time in the second embodiment.
第5圖係說明實施形態3中決定第1時間的決定方法之曲線圖。 Fig. 5 is a graph for explaining a method of determining the first time in the third embodiment.
第6圖係說明實施形態4的效果之曲線圖。 Fig. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the fourth embodiment.
以下，根據添付圖式說明本發明實施形態。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
本發明係有關檢測鉛電池的狀態之方法。所謂的「鉛電池的狀態」，係例如可藉由充電率來表示，但亦可藉由其他物理量或物理量之組合來表示，例如亦可藉由從充電開始時點起的積分電流量來表示。此外，本發明係亦有關根據鉛電池的狀態來控制鉛電池的充電之方法。 The present invention relates to a method of detecting the state of a lead battery. The "state of the lead battery" may be represented by, for example, a charging rate, but may be represented by a combination of other physical quantities or physical quantities, and may be expressed, for example, by the amount of integrated current from the start of charging. Furthermore, the present invention is also directed to a method of controlling the charging of a lead battery based on the state of the lead battery.
本發明的鉛電池乃係液式的鉛電池，例如搭載於車輛。在鉛電池係連接控制鉛電池的充放電動作的控制裝置。控制裝置係例如由電腦(computer)構成，具備微處理器(micro processor)等運算手段及半導體記憶體(memory)等記憶手段。控制裝置係藉由執行儲存在記憶手段的程式(program)來實施本發明的方法(或其各步驟)。 The lead battery of the present invention is a liquid type lead battery, and is mounted on a vehicle, for example. A control device for controlling the charge and discharge operation of the lead battery is connected to the lead battery system. The control device is constituted by, for example, a computer, and includes a computing means such as a microprocessor and a memory means such as a semiconductor memory. The control device implements the method (or steps thereof) of the present invention by executing a program stored in a memory means.
控制裝置係控制對鉛電池之充電的電流值。控制裝置係能夠測量、算出或取得時間及鉛電池的端子間電壓。此外，控制裝置係亦能夠測量、算出或取得鉛電池的充電率、鉛電池的充放電功率、鉛電池的充放電量、鉛電池的充電率等。為了進行該些值的測量或取得，亦可關聯於控制裝置設置適當的感測器(sensor)。另外，在本說明書中，「充電量」有時係指充電的功率量，「放電量」有時係指放電的功率量。 The control device controls the current value of charging the lead battery. The control device is capable of measuring, calculating or obtaining the time and the voltage between the terminals of the lead battery. Further, the control device can measure, calculate, or obtain the charge rate of the lead battery, the charge and discharge power of the lead battery, the charge and discharge amount of the lead battery, and the charge rate of the lead battery. In order to perform the measurement or acquisition of the values, an appropriate sensor can also be provided in connection with the control device. In the present specification, the "charge amount" may refer to the amount of power to be charged, and the "discharge amount" may refer to the amount of power discharged.
第1圖係顯示本發明實施形態1的控制下的電壓的變化之曲線圖。另外，雖然該曲線圖係使用曲線而表現出電壓值呈連續性變化，但實際上電壓的取得係可採用離散的方式執行，此時，第1圖的曲線圖係亦可採用折線或離散性的描繪(plot)來表現。此點針對第2圖至第6圖的曲線圖亦同。 Fig. 1 is a graph showing changes in voltage under control according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In addition, although the graph shows a continuous change in the voltage value using the curve, in practice, the voltage can be obtained in a discrete manner. In this case, the graph of FIG. 1 can also be broken or discrete. Plot to express. This point is also the same for the graphs of Figures 2 to 6.
第1圖的控制係表示以定電流方式進行的充電動作。在該圖中係顯示以電流值I1進行的充電動作之例。在第1圖所示的時間段之前或之後，亦可為執行非以定電流方式進行的充電動作。非以定電流方式進行的充電動作係例如可為以定電壓充電、定電力充電、或準定電壓充電進行的充電動作。 The control system of Fig. 1 shows the charging operation performed by the constant current method. In the figure, an example of a charging operation by a current value I1 is shown. Before or after the time period shown in FIG. 1, it is also possible to perform a charging operation that is not performed in a constant current mode. The charging operation that is not performed in a constant current mode may be, for example, a charging operation performed by constant voltage charging, constant power charging, or quasi-fixed voltage charging.
控制裝置係在充電動作中設置暫停定電流充電的暫停區間。在第1圖係顯示暫停區間Int1及Int2。暫停區間係以一定週期設置。在本實施形態中係設該週期為Tx[s]。控制裝置係在該暫停區間的各者暫停充電(亦即令充電電流為0)僅預定的暫停時間。 The control device sets a pause interval for suspending constant current charging during the charging operation. In the first figure, the pause periods Int1 and Int2 are displayed. The pause interval is set in a certain period. In the present embodiment, the period is Tx[s]. The control device suspends charging (i.e., causes the charging current to be zero) for only a predetermined pause time in each of the pause periods.
週期Tx係例如為120秒，但只要相應於控制裝置的控制特性等，在1分鐘至5分鐘之間設定適當的值即可。此外，暫停時間(亦即暫停區間的長度)intx[s]為一定，例如4秒，但針對暫停時間亦同樣只要相應於控制裝置的控制特性等，在1秒至10秒之間設定適當的值即可。 The period Tx is, for example, 120 seconds, but an appropriate value may be set between 1 minute and 5 minutes in accordance with the control characteristics of the control device or the like. In addition, the pause time (that is, the length of the pause interval) intx[s] is constant, for example, 4 seconds, but the pause time is also set to be appropriate between 1 second and 10 seconds as long as it corresponds to the control characteristics of the control device or the like. The value is fine.
在各暫停區間係暫停充電動作，因此鉛電池的電壓(例如端子間電壓)係隨著時間減少。控制裝置 係針對各暫停區間取得佔該暫停區間一部分的一定時間中的電壓減少量。 The charging operation is suspended in each pause section, so the voltage of the lead battery (for example, the voltage between the terminals) decreases with time. Control device The amount of voltage reduction in a certain period of time that accounts for a part of the pause section is obtained for each pause section.
第2圖係說明電壓減少量的取得方法之曲線圖。在該曲線圖中，暫停區間的起點(暫停開始時點)為時刻t0，暫停區間的終點(暫停結束時點)為時刻t2。控制裝置係在暫停區間的各者，首先將從時刻t0起經過一定時間TA[s](第1時間)的時刻t1(第1時點)特定出，取得時刻t1時的電壓VA[V]。 Fig. 2 is a graph showing a method of obtaining a voltage reduction amount. In the graph, the start point of the pause section (the point at which the pause starts) is the time t0, and the end point of the pause section (the point at the end of the pause) is the time t2. Each of the control devices in the pause section first specifies the time t1 (first time point) at which the predetermined time TA[s] (first time) elapses from the time t0, and acquires the voltage VA [V] at the time t1.
接著，控制裝置係將從時刻t0起經過一定時間TB[s](第2時間)的時刻t2(第2時點)特定出，取得時刻t2時的電壓VB[V]。接著，控制裝置係取得從時刻t1至時刻t2為止的電壓減少量△V[V]。例如，電壓減少量△V係藉由以時刻t1時的電壓減去時刻t2時的電壓而以電壓差算出，此時，△V=VA-VB[V]。亦可取絕對值而定義為△V=|VA-VB|。在本實施形態中，時間TB的長度係固定。 Next, the control device specifies the time t2 (second time point) at which the predetermined time TB[s] (second time) elapses from the time t0, and acquires the voltage VB [V] at the time t2. Next, the control device acquires the voltage decrease amount ΔV [V] from time t1 to time t2. For example, the voltage decrease amount ΔV is calculated by subtracting the voltage at the time t2 from the voltage at the time t1, and ΔV=VA-VB[V]. It is also possible to take an absolute value and define it as ΔV=|VA-VB|. In the present embodiment, the length of the time TB is fixed.
此外，在第2圖的例子中雖係以時刻t0為基準來測量時間TB，但在本實施形態中，因時間TA為常數，故以時刻t1為基準來定義第2時間亦相同效果。(此時，可解釋為首先設從時刻t0起經過時間TA(第1時間)的時刻t1為第1時點，接著設從時刻t1起經過一定時間TB-TA的時刻t2為第2時點。) Further, in the example of Fig. 2, the time TB is measured based on the time t0. However, in the present embodiment, since the time TA is constant, the same effect as the second time is defined based on the time t1. (At this time, it can be interpreted that the time t1 when the elapsed time TA (first time) is from the time t0 is the first time point, and the time t2 when the predetermined time TB-TA elapses from the time t1 is the second time point.)
控制裝置係如上述針對暫停區間的各者取得電壓減少量△V。接著，控制裝置係根據針對各暫停區間取得的電壓減少量△V，檢測電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少的時點(第3時點)。 The control device acquires the voltage decrease amount ΔV for each of the pause sections as described above. Then, the control device detects the time point (third time point) at which the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from the increase to the decrease based on the voltage decrease amount ΔV obtained for each pause section.
第3圖係說明第3時點的檢測方法之曲線圖。隨著充電動作的進行，充電率上升達到100%，充電動作再繼續進行，充電率便超過100%。在第3圖中，時刻t3相當於第3時點(亦即，在時刻t3，電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少)。另外，實際的曲線圖係含有對應暫停區間的部分，但在第3圖中係為說明上的方便而忽略暫停區間而表現為充電連續地進行。 Fig. 3 is a graph showing the detection method at the third time point. As the charging operation progresses, the charging rate rises to 100%, and the charging operation continues, and the charging rate exceeds 100%. In Fig. 3, time t3 corresponds to the third time point (i.e., at time t3, the voltage decrease amount ΔV changes from increasing to decreasing). In addition, the actual graph contains a portion corresponding to the pause section, but in FIG. 3, the convenience is explained, and the pause section is ignored, and charging is continuously performed.
另外，在第3圖的例子中，橫軸代表充電率[%]，以橫軸為基準來顯示時刻t3及積分電流量(後述)，但在定電流充電中，時間、充電率及積分電流量係互為一對一對應，因此時間、充電率及積分電流量係能夠互相變換。此外，第3時點乃係關聯於暫停區間的任一者而檢測出，該暫停區間與第3時點之間的嚴謹的時間關係非本質上的，視需要能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當決定。 Further, in the example of Fig. 3, the horizontal axis represents the charging rate [%], and the time t3 and the integrated current amount (described later) are displayed on the horizontal axis, but in the constant current charging, time, charging rate, and integrated current The quantity systems are one-to-one correspondence with each other, so the time, the charging rate, and the integrated current amount can be mutually changed. Further, the third time point is detected in association with any of the pause sections, and the strict temporal relationship between the pause section and the third time point is not essential, and can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art as needed.
時刻t3乃係複數個暫停區間的電壓減少量△V隨著時間的經過或按暫停區間的時間順序而從增加轉為減少的時點。亦即，相對於最初的暫停區間的電壓減少量△V，即使下個暫停區間的電壓減少量△V變大，但時間繼續前進而依序設置暫停區間，便會出現電壓減少量△V開始減少的時點。時刻t3係對應於該時點的暫停區間。 The time t3 is a time point at which the voltage decrease amount ΔV of the plurality of pause sections changes from the increase to the decrease in the chronological order of the pause section. That is, with respect to the voltage decrease amount ΔV of the first pause section, even if the voltage decrease amount ΔV of the next pause section becomes larger, the time continues to advance and the pause section is sequentially set, and the voltage decrease amount ΔV starts. Reduced time. The time t3 corresponds to a pause section at the time point.
時刻t3係可採用任何方式檢測，例如能夠以下述的方式檢測。即，控制裝置係在充電開始後，於每個暫停區間判定電壓減少量△V的最大值是否更新。 此外，當電壓減少量△V的最大值超過某規定次數未更新時，判斷為電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少。該時點(亦即，判斷為電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少的暫停區間的時點)便為時刻t3。 The time t3 can be detected by any means, for example, can be detected in the following manner. That is, the control device determines whether or not the maximum value of the voltage decrease amount ΔV is updated in each pause section after the start of charging. Further, when the maximum value of the voltage decrease amount ΔV is not updated a certain predetermined number of times, it is determined that the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from an increase to a decrease. The time point (that is, the time point at which it is determined that the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from the increase to the decrease pause interval) is the time t3.
在此例中，電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少一事係能夠依據在預定個數的連續的暫停區間中電壓減少量△V的最大值未更新來檢測出。作為判定基準的暫停區間的連續個數係例如為5。此時，假設電壓減少量△V在暫停區間Int(N)達到峰值(peak)，然後在連續五次的暫停區間Int(N+1)至Int(N+5)中取得的電壓減少量△V皆為暫停區間Int(N)的電壓減少量△V以下，便判定為在暫停區間Int(N+5)中電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少，時刻t3便檢測出為暫停區間Int(N+5)的時刻。另外，作為判定基準的暫停區間的連續個數係亦可採用其他值。 In this example, the change of the voltage decrease amount ΔV from the increase to the decrease can be detected based on the fact that the maximum value of the voltage decrease amount ΔV is not updated in the predetermined number of consecutive pause sections. The number of consecutive sections of the pause section as the criterion for determination is, for example, five. At this time, it is assumed that the voltage decrease amount ΔV reaches a peak in the pause section Int(N), and then the voltage decrease amount Δ obtained in the pause interval Int(N+1) to Int(N+5) for five consecutive times Δ When V is equal to or less than the voltage decrease amount ΔV of the pause section Int(N), it is determined that the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from the increase to the decrease in the pause section Int(N+5), and the pause section Int is detected at the time t3. (N+5) moment. Further, other values may be used as the continuous number of the pause sections as the criterion.
接著，控制裝置係依據電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少，檢測出鉛電池的狀態。例如如第3圖所示，依據電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少，檢測出鉛電池的充電率已達到100%。 Next, the control device detects the state of the lead battery in accordance with the voltage decrease amount ΔV from the increase to the decrease. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, it is detected that the charging rate of the lead battery has reached 100% in accordance with the voltage decrease amount ΔV from the increase to the decrease.
電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少的時點與充電率達到100%的時點係高精度地一致。因此，只要檢測電壓減少量△V從增加達到峰值再轉為減少，便能夠高精度地判定為充電率已達到100%。 When the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from the increase to the decrease, the time point at which the charge rate reaches 100% coincides with high precision. Therefore, as long as the detected voltage decrease amount ΔV changes from the increase to the peak and then decreases, it is possible to accurately determine that the charge rate has reached 100%.
此處，在鉛電池的充電中的端子間電壓係有可能含有起因於外擾(一次側電壓的變動等)的誤差。 該外擾係即使暫停充電也未必會立即變成0，在暫停區間的開始之後不久仍有可能殘存某程度的誤差。因此，依據本發明的實施形態1的方法，係將充電暫停區間開始之後不久的外擾造成的誤差大的區域排除，根據經過某程度的時間TA後的變化來檢測出狀態，因此降低外擾造成的誤差的影響，從而能夠更加正確地檢測鉛電池的狀態。具體而言，係並非使用通電中的一時點與暫停中的一時點之間的電壓差，而是使用暫停中的兩時點之間的電壓差，藉此，抑制充電電流的變動等的影響而能夠高精度地進行檢測。 Here, the voltage between the terminals during charging of the lead battery may contain an error due to external disturbance (variation of the primary side voltage, etc.). This external disturbance does not necessarily become 0 immediately even if the charging is suspended, and some degree of error may remain after the start of the pause interval. Therefore, according to the method of the first embodiment of the present invention, the region where the error caused by the external disturbance shortly after the start of the charging suspension section is excluded is excluded, and the state is detected based on the change after a certain degree of time TA, thereby reducing the external disturbance. The effect of the error caused can more accurately detect the state of the lead battery. Specifically, instead of using the voltage difference between the one-time point in the energization and the one-time point in the pause, the voltage difference between the two points in the pause is used, thereby suppressing the influence of the fluctuation of the charging current or the like. The detection can be performed with high precision.
然後，在本實施形態中，係根據所檢測出的狀態進行充電的控制。具體而言，在本實施形態中，係藉由決定時刻t3以後的充電電流量來進行充電的控制。時刻t3以後的充電電流量係例如能夠以下述的方式決定。 Then, in the present embodiment, the control of charging is performed based on the detected state. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the charging is controlled by determining the amount of charging current after time t3. The amount of charging current after time t3 can be determined, for example, in the following manner.
如第3圖所示，控制裝置係取得從充電開始時點至時刻t3為止的積分充電電流量AX[Ah]並予以記憶。接著，根據該值，決定時刻t3以後所應充電的積分充電電流量AY[Ah]。AY與AX之關係係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當決定，例如能夠將AY以AX的一次函數的形式算出，具體而言，能夠以與AX成比例之值的形式算出。 As shown in Fig. 3, the control device acquires and stores the integrated charging current amount AX [Ah] from the charging start time point to the time t3. Next, based on this value, the integral charging current amount AY [Ah] to be charged after time t3 is determined. The relationship between AY and AX can be appropriately determined by the field to which the present invention pertains. For example, AY can be calculated as a linear function of AX, and specifically, can be calculated as a value proportional to AX.
就具體例而言，當設目標充電率為K[%]時，可採用AY=AX×(K-100)/100[Ah]。例如，在AX=100[Ah]且K=115[%]的情形中，在時刻t3以後，在充電AY=15[Ah]的積分充電電流量的時點，充電便結束。 As a specific example, when the target charging rate is K [%], AY = AX × (K - 100) / 100 [Ah] can be employed. For example, in the case of AX=100 [Ah] and K=115 [%], after the time t3, the charging is completed at the time of charging the integrated charging current amount of AY=15 [Ah].
依據本發明實施形態1的方法，係如上述將充電暫停區間開始之後不久的外擾造成的誤差大的區域排除，根據經過某程度的時間TA後的變化來檢測出狀態，因此降低外擾造成的誤差的影響，從而能夠實現更加正確的充電控制。 According to the method of the first embodiment of the present invention, the area where the error caused by the external disturbance is short after the start of the charging suspension section is excluded, and the state is detected based on the change after a certain period of time TA, thereby reducing the external disturbance. The effect of the error allows for more accurate charge control.
在上述的實施形態1中，能夠施行如下述的變形。 In the first embodiment described above, the following modifications can be performed.
時間TA(第1時間)及時間TB(第2時間)的具體值係能夠由本發明所屬領域者根據實驗等而適當決定。具體而言，出現在電壓的外擾所造成的誤差係有可能隨著時間TA變長而降低，此外，充電動作的時間性效率係有可能隨著時間TB變短而提升。但另一方面，當設計為時間TA長、時間TB短，電壓減少量△V的量測精度便有可能降低，但只要為本發明所屬領域者，當能夠適當設計兩者的平衡。 The specific values of the time TA (first time) and the time TB (second time) can be appropriately determined by the subject of the present invention based on experiments or the like. Specifically, the error caused by the external disturbance occurring in the voltage may decrease as the time TA becomes longer, and in addition, the temporal efficiency of the charging operation may increase as the time TB becomes shorter. On the other hand, when the design is that the time TA is long and the time TB is short, the measurement accuracy of the voltage decrease amount ΔV may be lowered, but as long as it is the field to which the present invention pertains, the balance between the two can be appropriately designed.
在實施形態1中，從暫停開始時點起經過時間TB的第2時點與暫停結束時點雖為一致，但該兩時點亦可為相異的時點。亦即，亦可設計為TB<intx。此時，在經過第2時點、算出電壓減少量△V後，暫停區間仍然持續。如此一來，便能夠將作為鉛電池的狀態檢測之參數(parameter)的時間TB與作為充電動作之控制參數的暫停時間intx予以獨立設計，從而能夠進行更加細緻的控制。 In the first embodiment, the second time point of the elapsed time TB from the start of the pause coincides with the end of the pause, but the two points may be different. That is, it can also be designed as TB<intx. At this time, after the second time point is passed and the voltage decrease amount ΔV is calculated, the pause section continues. In this way, the time TB which is a parameter of the state detection of the lead battery and the pause time intx which is the control parameter of the charging operation can be independently designed, and finer control can be performed.
此時，時間TB的長度係較佳為以使依存於諸條件的誤差變小之方式決定。例如，當預期電壓減 少量△V會因鉛電池的液溫而變動時，可將時間TB決定為使液溫的變化造成的影響成為最少之值。該決定方法係例如能夠藉由實驗等來實施。 At this time, the length of the time TB is preferably determined so that the error depending on the conditions becomes small. For example, when the expected voltage is reduced When a small amount of ΔV changes due to the liquid temperature of the lead battery, the time TB can be determined to minimize the influence of the change in the liquid temperature. This determination method can be implemented, for example, by experiments or the like.
在實施形態1中，所檢測出的狀態(例如充電率為100%的狀態)係用於充電電流量之決定，但只要屬於充電的控制，亦可用於充電電流量之決定以外的處理。此外，所檢測出的狀態係亦能夠用於充電的控制以外。例如，充電率的值係除了在充電動作的直接性控制以外，在關聯於鉛電池的控制中亦具有廣泛的用途，只要為本發明所屬領域者，當能夠適當決定用途。 In the first embodiment, the detected state (for example, a state in which the charging rate is 100%) is used for determining the amount of charging current. However, as long as it belongs to the control of charging, it can be used for processing other than the determination of the amount of charging current. In addition, the detected state can also be used for control other than charging. For example, the value of the charging rate is widely used in the control associated with the lead battery in addition to the direct control of the charging operation, and it is possible to appropriately determine the use as long as it is in the field to which the present invention pertains.
在實施形態1中，電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少一事係依據電壓減少量△V的最大值未更新僅預定次數來檢測出。就變形例而言，電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少一事係亦可依據電壓減少量△V減少一次來檢測出。亦即，電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少一事係依據最後的暫停區間的電壓減少量△V比前個暫停區間的電壓減少量△V小而檢測出。 In the first embodiment, the change of the voltage decrease amount ΔV from the increase to the decrease is detected based on the maximum value of the voltage decrease amount ΔV being updated only a predetermined number of times. In the case of the modification, the fact that the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from the increase to the decrease can be detected by reducing the voltage decrease amount ΔV once. That is, the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from the increase to the decrease based on the voltage decrease amount ΔV of the last pause section being smaller than the voltage decrease amount ΔV of the previous pause section.
此外，電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少一事係亦可根據將電壓減少量△V以充電率的函數表示時(例如第3圖的曲線圖)的斜率來檢測出。例如，亦可依據斜率從正變為0來檢測出電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少。或者，亦可依據斜率從正變為負或從0變為負來檢測出電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少。 Further, the fact that the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from the increase to the decrease may be detected based on the slope of the voltage decrease amount ΔV as a function of the charge rate (for example, the graph of FIG. 3). For example, it is also possible to detect that the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from an increase to a decrease depending on the slope changing from positive to zero. Alternatively, it is also possible to detect that the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from increasing to decreasing depending on whether the slope changes from positive to negative or from 0 to negative.
斜率係例如能夠使用差分、導函數、微分係數等，算出方法係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設 計。此外，斜率係亦可使用最小平方法算出。此時，電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少一事係能夠根據各暫停區間的電壓減少量△V，使用最小平方法來檢測出。此外，使用最小平方法進行的電壓減少量△V的斜率的算出方法(例如資料(data)數)係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設計，就具體例而言，可使用最新的四個暫停區間的電壓減少量△V。 For the slope, for example, a difference, a derivative function, a differential coefficient, or the like can be used, and the calculation method can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art. meter. In addition, the slope can also be calculated using the least squares method. At this time, the fact that the voltage decrease amount ΔV is changed from the increase to the decrease can be detected using the least squares method based on the voltage decrease amount ΔV of each pause section. Further, a method of calculating the slope of the voltage decrease amount ΔV using the least square method (for example, the number of data) can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art, and as a specific example, the latest four pause periods can be used. The voltage reduction amount ΔV.
在實施形態1中係根據一定的經過時間來特定出第2時點。在實施形態2中係根據一定的電壓變化來特定出第2時點。以下，說明與實施形態1之間的不同點。 In the first embodiment, the second time point is specified based on a certain elapsed time. In the second embodiment, the second time point is specified based on a constant voltage change. Hereinafter, differences between the first embodiment and the first embodiment will be described.
在實施形態2中，控制裝置係取得在各暫停區間的一部分中電壓降低達一定值所需的經過時間。第4圖係說明該經過時間的取得方法之曲線圖。在該曲線圖中，暫停區間的起點(暫停開始時點)為時刻t4，暫停區間的終點(暫停結束時點)為時刻t7。同實施形態1，控制裝置係在暫停區間的各者，首先將從時刻t4起經過一定時間TA[s](第1時間)的時刻t5(第1時點)特定出，取得時刻t5時的電壓VC[V]。 In the second embodiment, the control device acquires an elapsed time required for the voltage to decrease to a constant value in a part of each pause section. Fig. 4 is a graph showing the method of obtaining the elapsed time. In the graph, the start point of the pause section (the point at which the pause starts) is the time t4, and the end point of the pause section (the point at the end of the pause) is the time t7. In the first embodiment, the control device is configured to specify the voltage at time t5 from the time t4 (first time) at which the predetermined time TA[s] (first time) elapses from the time t4. VC[V].
接著，控制裝置係將電壓從時刻t5起降低僅一定電壓差VD[V](第1電壓差)變成VE[V]的時刻t6(第2時點)特定出(亦即VE=VC-VD或VE=|VC-VD|)。接著，控制裝置係取得從時刻t5至時刻t6為止的經過時間△T[s]。例如，以△T=t6-t5[s]的形式算出。 Next, the control device specifies that the voltage is reduced from the time t5 until the constant voltage difference VD[V] (the first voltage difference) becomes VE[V] at the time t6 (second time point) (that is, VE=VC-VD or VE=|VC-VD|). Next, the control device acquires the elapsed time ΔT[s] from the time t5 to the time t6. For example, it is calculated as ΔT=t6-t5[s].
電壓差VD的大小係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設計，但較佳為以使依存於諸條件的誤差變小之方式決定。例如，當預期經過時間△T會因鉛電池的液溫而變動時，可採用使液溫的變化造成的影響成為最少之方式來定決電壓差VD。該決定方法係例如能夠藉由實驗等來實施。 The magnitude of the voltage difference VD can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art, but is preferably determined in such a manner that the error depending on the conditions becomes small. For example, when the expected elapsed time ΔT fluctuates due to the liquid temperature of the lead battery, the voltage difference VD can be determined by minimizing the influence of the change in the liquid temperature. This determination method can be implemented, for example, by experiments or the like.
控制裝置係如上述針對暫停區間的各者取得經過時間△T。接著，控制裝置係根據針對各暫停區間取得的經過時間△T，檢測經過時間△T從減少轉為增加的時點(第3時點)。另外，第3時點乃係關聯於暫停區間的任一者而檢測出，該暫停區間與第3時點之間的嚴謹的時間關係非本質上的，視需要能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當決定。 The control device acquires the elapsed time ΔT for each of the pause sections as described above. Next, the control device detects the time point (third time point) at which the elapsed time ΔT changes from decreasing to increasing based on the elapsed time ΔT acquired for each pause section. Further, the third time point is detected in association with any of the pause sections, and the strict temporal relationship between the pause section and the third time point is not essential, and can be appropriately determined by the person skilled in the art as needed.
經過時間△T從減少轉為增加的時點即時刻t8(對應第3圖的時刻t3之時刻。未具體圖示)係可採用任意方式檢測，能夠採用與實施形態1或其變形例中檢測出電壓減少量△V從增加轉為減少的時點即時刻t3的方法相同的方法來檢測。 The time t8 when the elapsed time ΔT changes from the decrease to the increase is the time t8 (corresponding to the time t3 of the third figure. Not specifically shown) can be detected by any means, and can be detected in the first embodiment or its modification. The voltage decrease amount ΔV is detected by the same method as the time t3 when the increase is decreased to the time point.
時刻t8係例如能夠以下述的方式檢測。即，控制裝置係在充電開始後，於每個暫停區間判定經過時間△T的最小值是否更新。此外，當經過時間△T的最小值超過某規定次數未更新時，判斷為經過時間△T從減少轉為增加。該時點(亦即，判斷為經過時間△T從減少轉為增加的暫停區間的時點)便為時刻t8。在此例中，經過時間△T從減少轉為增加一事係能夠依據在預 定個數的連續的暫停區間中經過時間△T的最小值未更新來檢測出。 The time t8 can be detected, for example, in the following manner. That is, the control device determines whether or not the minimum value of the elapsed time ΔT is updated in each pause section after the start of charging. Further, when the minimum value of the elapsed time ΔT exceeds a predetermined number of times and is not updated, it is determined that the elapsed time ΔT is changed from decreasing to increasing. The time point (that is, the time point when it is determined that the elapsed time ΔT has changed from the decrease to the increased pause interval) is time t8. In this case, the elapsed time ΔT is changed from decreasing to increasing. The minimum value of the elapsed time ΔT in the continuous pause section of a predetermined number is not updated and is detected.
接著，控制裝置係依據經過時間△T從減少轉為增加，檢測出鉛電池的狀態。例如，依據經過時間△T從減少轉為增加，檢測出鉛電池的充電率已達到100%。 Next, the control device detects the state of the lead battery based on the elapsed time ΔT from the decrease to the increase. For example, according to the elapsed time ΔT from the decrease to the increase, it is detected that the charge rate of the lead battery has reached 100%.
經過時間△T從減少轉為增加的時點與充電率達到100%的時點係高精度地一致。因此，只要檢測經過時間△T從減少達到最小值再轉為增加，便能夠高精度地判定為充電率已達到100%。 The time point when the elapsed time ΔT is changed from the decrease to the increase is coincident with the time when the charge rate reaches 100%. Therefore, as long as the detection elapsed time ΔT changes from the decrease to the minimum value and then to the increase, it is possible to accurately determine that the charge rate has reached 100%.
如上述，依據本發明實施形態2的方法，同實施形態1，係係將充電暫停區間開始之後不久的外擾造成的誤差大的區域排除，根據經過某程度的時間TA後的變化來檢測出狀態，因此降低外擾造成的誤差的影響，從而能夠更加正確地檢測鉛電池的狀態。 As described above, according to the method of the second embodiment of the present invention, in the first embodiment, the region where the error caused by the external disturbance shortly after the start of the charging suspension section is excluded is detected, and the change is detected based on the change after a certain period of time TA. The state, therefore, reduces the influence of errors caused by external disturbances, thereby enabling more accurate detection of the state of the lead battery.
在實施形態2中，亦同實施形態1，係能夠根據所檢測出的狀態進行充電的控制。例如，藉由決定時刻t8以後的充電電流量來進行充電的控制。時刻t8以後的充電電流量係能夠以與實施形態1中的時刻t3以後的充電電流量相同的方式決定。 Also in the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, it is possible to perform charging control based on the detected state. For example, the control of charging is performed by determining the amount of charging current after time t8. The amount of charging current after time t8 can be determined in the same manner as the amount of charging current after time t3 in the first embodiment.
依據本發明實施形態2的方法，同實施形態1，係將充電暫停區間開始之後不久的外擾造成的誤差大的區域排除，根據經過某程度的時間TA後的變化來檢測出狀態，因此降低外擾造成的誤差的影響，從而能夠實現更加正確的充電控制。 According to the method of the second embodiment of the present invention, in the first embodiment, the region having a large error due to the external disturbance immediately after the start of the charging suspension section is excluded, and the state is detected based on the change after a certain period of time TA, thereby reducing the state. The effect of errors caused by external disturbances enables a more accurate charge control.
在上述的實施形態2中，能夠施行與實施形態1相同的變形。例如，時間TA(第1時間)及電壓差VD(第1電壓差)的具體值係能夠由本發明所屬領域者根據實驗等而適當決定。 In the second embodiment described above, the same modifications as in the first embodiment can be performed. For example, the specific values of the time TA (first time) and the voltage difference VD (first voltage difference) can be appropriately determined by the subject of the present invention based on experiments or the like.
在實施形態2中，所檢測出的狀態(例如充電率為100%的狀態)係用於充電電流量之決定，但只要屬於充電的控制，亦可用於充電電流量之決定以外的處理。此外，所檢測出的狀態係亦能夠用於充電的控制以外。 In the second embodiment, the detected state (for example, a state in which the charging rate is 100%) is used for determining the amount of charging current. However, as long as it belongs to the control of charging, it can be used for processing other than the determination of the amount of charging current. In addition, the detected state can also be used for control other than charging.
經過時間△T從減少轉為增加一事係亦可依據經過時間△T增加一次來檢測出。亦即，經過時間△T從減少轉為增加一事係亦可依據最後的暫停區間的經過時間△T比前個暫停區間的經過時間△T長而檢測出。 The passage of time ΔT from decrease to increase can also be detected by increasing the elapsed time ΔT. That is, the transition from the decrease to the increase in the elapsed time ΔT may be detected based on the elapsed time ΔT of the last pause section being longer than the elapsed time ΔT of the previous pause section.
此外，經過時間△T從減少轉為增加一事係亦可根據將經過時間△T以充電率的函數表示時的斜率來檢測出。例如，亦可依據斜率從負變為0來檢測出經過時間△T從減少轉為增加。或者，亦可依據斜率從負變為正或從0變為正來檢測出經過時間△T從減少轉為增加。 Further, the transition from the decrease to the increase in the elapsed time ΔT may be detected based on the slope when the elapsed time ΔT is expressed as a function of the charging rate. For example, it is also possible to detect that the elapsed time ΔT changes from decreasing to increasing according to the slope changing from negative to zero. Alternatively, it is also possible to detect that the elapsed time ΔT changes from decreasing to increasing depending on whether the slope changes from negative to positive or from 0 to positive.
斜率係例如能夠使用差分、導函數、微分係數等，算出方法係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設計。此外，斜率係亦可使用最小平方法算出。此時，經過時間△T從減少轉為增加一事係能夠根據各暫停區間的經過時間△T，使用最小平方法來檢測出。此外，使用最小平方法進行的經過時間△T的斜率的算出方法(例如 資料數)係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設計，例如可使用最新的四個暫停區間的經過時間△T。 For the slope, for example, a difference, a derivative function, a differential coefficient, or the like can be used, and the calculation method can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art. In addition, the slope can also be calculated using the least squares method. At this time, the transition from the decrease to the increase in the elapsed time ΔT can be detected using the least squares method based on the elapsed time ΔT of each pause section. In addition, a method of calculating the slope of the elapsed time ΔT using the least squares method (for example, The number of data can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art, for example, the elapsed time ΔT of the latest four pause periods can be used.
在實施形態1及2以及其些的變形例中，作為用於將時刻t1及時刻t5(皆是第1時點)特定出之基準的一定時間TA(第1時間)係始終固定。但亦可將時間TA設計為可變。例如，亦可採用就一次的充電處理成為一定之方式於每次充電處理進行變更或決定，亦可於一次的充電處理之間進行變更或變更。 In the first and second embodiments and the modifications thereof, the predetermined time TA (first time) for specifying the time t1 and the time t5 (all at the first time point) is always fixed. However, the time TA can also be designed to be variable. For example, it is also possible to change or determine the charging process in a manner that the charging process is performed once, or to change or change the charging process once.
用於算出或決定時間Ta之基準係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設計。就該基準的具體例而言，實施形態3乃係使用充電電流相關的量測資料。以下，說明與實施形態1及2之間的不同點。 The basis for calculating or determining the time Ta can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art. In the specific example of the standard, the third embodiment is a measurement data relating to a charging current. Hereinafter, differences from Embodiments 1 and 2 will be described.
第5圖係說明實施形態3中決定時間TA(第1時間)的決定方法之曲線圖。在實施形態3中，控制裝置係具備取得出現在充電電流的雜訊(noise)的週期之功能。該功能係能夠使用公知的感測器等來實現。在第5圖的例子中，係在定電流方式的充電中，於充電電流產生有週期P的雜訊。 Fig. 5 is a graph for explaining a method of determining the time TA (first time) in the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, the control device has a function of acquiring a cycle of noise occurring in the charging current. This function can be realized using a well-known sensor or the like. In the example of Fig. 5, during the charging in the constant current mode, a noise of the period P is generated in the charging current.
控制裝置係根據充電電流的週期P，算出或決定時間TA。在本實施形態中，係以成為TA>P的方式決定。該決定方法係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設計，例如亦可將比1大的常數CP乘以P而以TA=P×CP算出。 The control device calculates or determines the time TA based on the period P of the charging current. In the present embodiment, it is determined such that TA>P. This determination method can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art, and for example, a constant CP larger than 1 may be multiplied by P to be calculated as TA = P × CP.
依據本發明的實施形態3的方法，同實施形態1及2，係降低外擾造成的誤差的影響，從而能夠更加正確地檢測鉛電池的狀態。此外，能夠根據所檢測出的狀態進行充電的控制。 According to the method of the third embodiment of the present invention, as in the first and second embodiments, the influence of the error caused by the external disturbance is reduced, and the state of the lead battery can be detected more accurately. Further, it is possible to perform charging control in accordance with the detected state.
此外，依據實施形態3的方法，係能夠相於對充電電流的雜訊的週期P將時間TA決定為適度長的值，因此，能夠有效率地降低因雜訊造成的電壓變動帶給電壓減少量△V或經過時間△T的誤差，從而能夠進行更加正確的檢測。例如，當週期P短時，雜訊的影響會早點減少，因此提早開始電壓減少量△V或經過時間△T的量測，將量測時間拉長而能夠使量測精度提升。另一方面，當週期P長時，延後開始電壓減少量△V或經過時間△T的量測，等待雜訊的影響充分地減少，藉此而能夠使量測精度提升。 Further, according to the method of the third embodiment, the time TA can be determined to be a moderately long value with respect to the period P of the noise of the charging current. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently reduce the voltage fluctuation caused by the noise and reduce the voltage. The amount ΔV or the error of the elapsed time ΔT enables more accurate detection. For example, when the period P is short, the influence of the noise is reduced early, so that the measurement of the voltage reduction amount ΔV or the elapsed time ΔT is started early, and the measurement time is lengthened to improve the measurement accuracy. On the other hand, when the period P is long, the measurement of the delay start voltage decrease amount ΔV or the elapsed time ΔT is performed, and the influence of waiting for the noise is sufficiently reduced, whereby the measurement accuracy can be improved.
在實施形態3中，變更時間TA的頻度係能夠適當設計。當充電電流的雜訊的週期P為已知時，亦可將時間TA設計為固定值。亦可於每一充電處理決定時間TA。此時，作為決定之基準的週期P係可使用在前個充電處理中取得的值，亦可使用在充電開始後取得的值。此外，亦可於充電處理的途中進行變更，此時係可於每一暫停區間進行變更。當為在充電處理的途中進行變更時，要以哪個時點的週期P作為基準係能夠適當設計。 In the third embodiment, the frequency of changing the time TA can be appropriately designed. When the period P of the noise of the charging current is known, the time TA can also be designed to be a fixed value. The time TA can also be determined for each charging process. At this time, the period P which is the basis of the determination may be a value obtained in the previous charging process, or a value obtained after the start of charging may be used. In addition, it is also possible to change in the middle of the charging process, and in this case, it can be changed in each pause section. When the change is made in the middle of the charging process, it is possible to appropriately design the cycle P at which point in time.
在上述的實施形態3中係根據出現在充電電流的雜訊的週期P來算出或決定時間TA，就變形例而 言，係亦可根據出現在充電電流的雜訊的振幅來算出或決定時間TA。例如，亦可將事先決定的常數乘以振幅來算出時間TA。此外，亦可根據週期及振幅兩者來算出或決定時間TA。 In the third embodiment described above, the time TA is calculated or determined based on the period P of the noise occurring in the charging current, and the modification is made. In other words, the time TA can be calculated or determined based on the amplitude of the noise appearing in the charging current. For example, the time TA may be calculated by multiplying a predetermined constant by the amplitude. Further, the time TA can be calculated or determined based on both the period and the amplitude.
在實施形態1及其變形例(包括實施形態3)中，作為用於將時刻t2(第2時點)特定出之基準的一定時間TB(第2時間)係始終固定。此外，在實施形態2及其變形例(包括實施形態3)中，作為用於將時刻t6(第2時點)特定出之基準的一定電壓差VD(第1電壓差)係始終固定。但亦可將該些值設計為可變。例如，亦可採用就一次的充電處理成為一定之方式於每次充電處理進行變更或決定，亦可於一次的充電處理之間進行變更或變更。 In the first embodiment and its modifications (including the third embodiment), the fixed time TB (second time) used as the reference for specifying the time t2 (the second time point) is always fixed. Further, in the second embodiment and its modifications (including the third embodiment), the constant voltage difference VD (first voltage difference) used as the reference for specifying the time t6 (second time point) is always fixed. However, the values can also be designed to be variable. For example, it is also possible to change or determine the charging process in a manner that the charging process is performed once, or to change or change the charging process once.
在實施形態1及其變形例(包括實施形態3)中，用於算出或決定時間TB之基準係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設計。此外，在實施形態2及其變形例(包括實施形態3)中，用於算出或決定電壓差VD之基準係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設計。就該基準的具體例而言，實施形態4係使用鉛電池的液溫。以下，說明與實施形態1至3之間的不同點。 In the first embodiment and its modifications (including the third embodiment), the reference system for calculating or determining the time TB can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art. Further, in the second embodiment and its modifications (including the third embodiment), the reference for calculating or determining the voltage difference VD can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art. In the specific example of the standard, in the fourth embodiment, the liquid temperature of the lead battery is used. Hereinafter, differences from Embodiments 1 to 3 will be described.
在實施形態4中，控制裝置係具備鉛電池的液溫之功能。該功能係能夠使用公知的溫度感測器等來實現。控制裝置係首先取得鉛電池的液溫，根據所取得的液溫決定時間TB或電壓差VD。 In the fourth embodiment, the control device has a function of the liquid temperature of the lead battery. This function can be realized using a well-known temperature sensor or the like. The control device first obtains the liquid temperature of the lead battery, and determines the time TB or the voltage difference VD based on the obtained liquid temperature.
第6圖係說明實施形態4的效果之曲線圖。該圖係對應實施形態1，顯示將時間TB設計為可變時的效果。係顯示對應四種條件的電壓減少量△V的圖形G1至G4。圖形G1及G2乃係鉛電池的液溫比較低溫時的例子，圖形G3及G4乃係鉛電池的液溫比較高溫時的例子。此外，在各別的液溫，圖形G2及G4乃係將時間TB設為某值TB=bL時的例子，圖形G1及G3乃係設為TB=bH時的例子(其中，bL≠bH)。在此例中，係設想比較低溫的某液溫時的適當之值的例子為bL，比較高溫的某液溫時的適當之值的例子為bH。 Fig. 6 is a graph showing the effect of the fourth embodiment. This figure corresponds to the first embodiment and shows an effect when the time TB is designed to be variable. The graphs G1 to G4 of the voltage decrease amount ΔV corresponding to the four conditions are displayed. The patterns G1 and G2 are examples in which the liquid temperature of the lead battery is relatively low, and the patterns G3 and G4 are examples in which the liquid temperature of the lead battery is relatively high. In addition, at the respective liquid temperatures, the graphs G2 and G4 are examples in which the time TB is set to a certain value TB=bL, and the graphs G1 and G3 are examples in which TB=bH (where bL≠bH) . In this example, an example in which an appropriate value for a relatively low temperature liquid temperature is assumed is bL, and an example of an appropriate value at a certain high temperature liquid temperature is bH.
橫軸係代表充電率，以虛線表示充電率達到100%的點。在實施形態1中雖係設想電壓減少量△V的峰值對應充電率100%，但實際上係有可能相應於液溫而產生誤差。例如，在液溫低的情形中，設TB=bL而取得電壓減少量△V時(圖形G2)的電壓減少量△V的峰值係比設TB=bH而取得電壓減少量△V的時(圖形G1)的電壓減少量△V的峰值更接近充電率100%的時點(箭頭L)。亦即，能夠更加正確地檢測出達到充電率100%的狀態。 The horizontal axis represents the charging rate, and the dotted line indicates the point at which the charging rate reaches 100%. In the first embodiment, it is assumed that the peak value of the voltage decrease amount ΔV corresponds to a charge rate of 100%, but actually, an error may occur depending on the liquid temperature. For example, when the liquid temperature is low, the peak value of the voltage decrease amount ΔV when the voltage decrease amount ΔV is obtained by TB=bL (pattern G2) is when the voltage decrease amount ΔV is obtained by setting TB=bH ( The peak value of the voltage decrease amount ΔV of the graph G1) is closer to the time point of the charging rate of 100% (arrow L). That is, it is possible to more accurately detect a state in which the charging rate is 100%.
此外，在液溫高的情形中，設TB=bH而取得電壓減少量△V時(圖形G3)的電壓減少量△V的峰值係比設TB=bL而取得電壓減少量△V時(圖形G4)的電壓減少量△V的峰值更接近充電率100%的時點(箭頭H)。亦即，能夠更加正確檢測出達到充電率100%的狀態。 In the case where the liquid temperature is high, when the voltage decrease amount ΔV is obtained by TB=bH and the peak value of the voltage decrease amount ΔV (pattern G3) is TB=bL, the voltage decrease amount ΔV is obtained (graphic The peak value of the voltage decrease amount ΔV of G4) is closer to the time point of the charge rate of 100% (arrow H). That is, it is possible to more accurately detect a state in which the charging rate is 100%.
根據液溫算出或決定時間TB的方法係能夠由本發明所屬領域者適當設計。例如，亦可讓控制裝置事先記憶與液溫的各種值(或各種範圍)對應的時間TB的值。或者，亦能夠將時間TB的值以液溫的函數之形式算出。 The method of calculating or determining the time TB based on the liquid temperature can be appropriately designed by those skilled in the art. For example, the control device may also store in advance the value of the time TB corresponding to various values (or various ranges) of the liquid temperature. Alternatively, the value of the time TB can also be calculated as a function of the liquid temperature.
以上乃係在實施形態1中將時間TB設計為可變的情形的說明，而在實施形態2中將電壓差VD設計為可變的情形亦能夠採用相同構成，能夠獲得相同的效果。 The above description is for the case where the time TB is designed to be variable in the first embodiment, and in the case where the voltage difference VD is designed to be variable in the second embodiment, the same configuration can be employed, and the same effect can be obtained.
如上述，依據本發明實施形態4的方法，同實施形態1及2，係降低外擾造成的誤差的影響，從而能夠更加正確地檢測鉛電池的狀態。此外，能夠根據所檢測出的狀態進行充電的控制。 As described above, according to the method of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, as in the first and second embodiments, the influence of the error caused by the external disturbance is reduced, and the state of the lead battery can be detected more accurately. Further, it is possible to perform charging control in accordance with the detected state.
此外，依據實施形態4，係能夠相應於液溫適當地決定時間TB或電壓差VD，因此能夠更加正確地進行狀態的評估(例如充電率達到100%的狀態的檢測)。 Further, according to the fourth embodiment, the time TB or the voltage difference VD can be appropriately determined in accordance with the liquid temperature, so that the state can be more accurately evaluated (for example, the state in which the charging rate reaches 100%).
I1‧‧‧電流值 I1‧‧‧ current value
Int1‧‧‧暫停區間 Int1‧‧‧Hanging interval
intx‧‧‧暫停時間(暫停區間的長度) Intx‧‧‧ pause time (length of pause interval)
t0‧‧‧時刻(暫停開始時點) Time t0‧‧‧ (point of time at the beginning of the suspension)
t1‧‧‧時刻(第1時點) Time t1‧‧‧ (1st hour)
t2‧‧‧時刻(第2時點) T2‧‧‧ time (2 o'clock)
TA‧‧‧時間(第1時間) TA‧‧‧Time (1st time)
TB‧‧‧時間(第2時間) TB‧‧ hours (2nd time)
VA‧‧‧時刻t1時的電壓 VA‧‧‧ voltage at time t1
VB‧‧‧時刻t2時的電壓 VB‧‧‧ voltage at time t2
△V‧‧‧電壓減少量 △V‧‧‧voltage reduction
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