TW201632022A - Wireless apparatus for high-efficiency (HE) communication with additional subcarriers - Google Patents
Wireless apparatus for high-efficiency (HE) communication with additional subcarriers Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
優先權主張 Priority claim
本申請案主張2014年7月22日提交的美國專利申請案序列號第14/338,137號之優先權權益,該專利申請案主張以下美國臨時專利申請案之優先權權益:序列號第61/906,059號,2013年11月19日提交,序列號第61/973,376號,2014年4月1日提交,序列號第61/976,951號,2014年4月8日提交,序列號第61/986,256號,2014年4月30日提交,序列號第61/986,250號,2014年4月30日提交,序列號第61/991,730號,2014年5月12日提交,序列號第62/013,869號,2014年6月18日提交,以及序列號第62/024,801號,2014年7月15日提交,其中每一者以全文引用方式併入本文。 The present application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 14/338,137, filed on Jul. 22, 2014, which is hereby incorporated herein in No., dated November 19, 2013, serial number 61/973, 376, submitted on April 1, 2014, serial number 61/976,951, submitted on April 8, 2014, serial number 61/986, 256, Submitted on April 30, 2014, serial number 61/986, 250, submitted on April 30, 2014, serial number 61/991, 730, submitted on May 12, 2014, serial number 62/013, 869, 2014 Submitted on June 18, and serial number 62/024,801, filed July 15, 2014, each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
實施例係關於無線網路。一些實施例係關於根據IEEE 802.11標準之一操作的Wi-Fi網路及無線區域網路(WLAN),該等標準諸如IEEE 802.11ac標準或IEEE 802.11ax SIG(稱為DensiFi)。一些實施例係關於高效能WLAN(HEW) 通訊。 Embodiments relate to wireless networks. Some embodiments relate to Wi-Fi networks and wireless local area networks (WLANs) operating in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards, such as the IEEE 802.11ac standard or the IEEE 802.11ax SIG (referred to as DensiFi). Some embodiments relate to high performance WLAN (HEW) communication.
Wi-Fi通訊已朝向不斷增加的數據速率演進(例如,自IEEE 802.11a/g至IEEE 802.11n至IEEE 802.11ac)。即將出現的用於高效能WLAN(HEW)之IEEE 802.11ax標準為此等標準之下一演化標準。因此,在HEW中存在用於達成數據容量增加而無額外負擔同時維持與舊式系統之相容性的一般需要。在HEW中存在對用於達成增加數據容量同時最小化負擔的一般需要。 Wi-Fi communication has evolved towards increasing data rates (eg, from IEEE 802.11a/g to IEEE 802.11n to IEEE 802.11ac). The upcoming IEEE 802.11ax standard for high performance WLAN (HEW) is an evolutionary standard for this standard. Therefore, there is a general need in HEW for achieving an increase in data capacity without additional burden while maintaining compatibility with legacy systems. There is a general need in HEW for achieving increased data capacity while minimizing the burden.
依據本發明之一實施例,係特地提出一種無線設備,其經組配用於操作為一高效能(HE)站(HE-STA),該設備包含:記憶體;以及處理電路,其經組配用以:解碼一HE數據單元之一舊式信號欄位(L-SIG),該L-SIG包含四個參考子載波,該等四個參考子載波包含在一20MHz通道之每一邊緣的兩個子載波;以及解碼該HE數據單元之一HE信號欄位(HE-SIG-A),該HE-SIG-A包含一總數量之數據子載波,其包括在頻率中對應於該L-SIG之該等四個參考子載波的四個數據子載波,該等四個數據子載波包含在該20MHz通道之每一邊緣的兩個子載波,其中該L-SIG之該等四個參考子載波在除了一舊有數量之數據子載波外被包括於該L-SIG中。 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a wireless device is specifically proposed for operation as a high performance (HE) station (HE-STA), the device comprising: a memory; and a processing circuit Equipped with: decoding one of the HE data units, the legacy signal field (L-SIG), the L-SIG comprising four reference subcarriers, the four reference subcarriers comprising two edges at each edge of a 20 MHz channel a subcarrier; and decoding one HE signal field (HE-SIG-A) of the HE data unit, the HE-SIG-A including a total number of data subcarriers, including in the frequency corresponding to the L-SIG Four data subcarriers of the four reference subcarriers, the four data subcarriers comprising two subcarriers at each edge of the 20 MHz channel, wherein the four reference subcarriers of the L-SIG It is included in the L-SIG in addition to an old number of data subcarriers.
100‧‧‧HEW網路 100‧‧‧HEW Network
102‧‧‧主站 102‧‧‧Main station
104‧‧‧HEW站 104‧‧‧HEW Station
106‧‧‧舊式站 106‧‧‧Old station
200‧‧‧舊式訊框 200‧‧‧Old frame
202‧‧‧舊式短訓練欄位(L-STF) 202‧‧‧Old Short Training Field (L-STF)
204‧‧‧舊式長訓練欄位(L-LTF)/L-LTF 204‧‧‧Old Long Training Field (L-LTF)/L-LTF
206‧‧‧舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)/L-SIG 206‧‧‧Old Signal Field (L-SIG)/L-SIG
208‧‧‧VHT信號欄位/VHT-SIG-A 208‧‧‧VHT signal field/VHT-SIG-A
209‧‧‧VHT-STF 209‧‧‧VHT-STF
210‧‧‧VHT-LTF 210‧‧‧VHT-LTF
212‧‧‧VHT-SIG-B 212‧‧‧VHT-SIG-B
216‧‧‧數據 216‧‧‧ data
400‧‧‧HEW訊框 400‧‧‧HEW frame
406‧‧‧舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)/L-SIG/參考子載波L-SIG 406‧‧ Old Signal Field (L-SIG)/L-SIG/Reference Subcarrier L-SIG
408‧‧‧HEW信號欄位(HEW SIG-A)/HEW SIG-A 408‧‧‧HEW Signal Field (HEW SIG-A)/HEW SIG-A
408A‧‧‧第一符號(HEW SIG-A1)/HEW SIG-A1 408A‧‧‧First symbol (HEW SIG-A1)/HEW SIG-A1
408B‧‧‧第二符號(HEW SIG-A2) 408B‧‧‧Second symbol (HEW SIG-A2)
410‧‧‧HEW-STF 410‧‧‧HEW-STF
414‧‧‧HEW排程欄位(HEW-SCH)/HEW-SCH 414‧‧‧HEW Scheduling Field (HEW-SCH)/HEW-SCH
416‧‧‧HEW數據欄位/數據欄位 416‧‧‧HEW data field/data field
601‧‧‧DC子載波 601‧‧‧DC subcarrier
602‧‧‧數據子載波/舊式數據子載波 602‧‧‧Data Subcarrier/Old Data Subcarrier
604‧‧‧導頻子載波 604‧‧‧pilot subcarrier
605‧‧‧防護音調 605‧‧‧protective tone
606‧‧‧參考子載波/舊式導頻子載波 606‧‧‧Reference subcarrier/old pilot subcarrier
700‧‧‧HEW裝置 700‧‧‧HEW device
702‧‧‧實體層(PHY)電路/PHY 702‧‧‧Physical Layer (PHY) Circuit/PHY
704‧‧‧媒體存取控制層電路(MAC)/MAC 704‧‧‧Media Access Control Layer Circuit (MAC)/MAC
706‧‧‧處理電路 706‧‧‧Processing circuit
708‧‧‧記憶體 708‧‧‧ memory
800‧‧‧程序 800‧‧‧ procedures
802~808‧‧‧操作 802~808‧‧‧ operation
圖1例示根據一些實施例之HEW網路;圖2例示舊式訊框;圖3為例示用於舊式訊框之各種欄位的子載波數量之表格;圖4例示根據一些實施例之HEW訊框;圖5為例示根據一些實施例的用於HEW訊框之各種欄位的子載波數量之表格;圖6A例示用於舊式系統之子載波分配;圖6B例示根據一些實施例的用於HEW之子載波分配;圖7例示根據一些實施例的HEW通訊裝置;以及圖8例示根據一些實施例的用於以增加的資訊位元進行HEW通訊之程序。 1 illustrates an HEW network in accordance with some embodiments; FIG. 2 illustrates an old frame; FIG. 3 is a table illustrating the number of subcarriers for various fields of a legacy frame; FIG. 4 illustrates an HEW frame in accordance with some embodiments. 5 is a table illustrating the number of subcarriers for various fields of an HEW frame in accordance with some embodiments; FIG. 6A illustrates subcarrier allocation for a legacy system; FIG. 6B illustrates subcarriers for HEW, in accordance with some embodiments. Assignment; FIG. 7 illustrates a HEW communication device in accordance with some embodiments; and FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for HEW communication with increased information bits, in accordance with some embodiments.
以下描述及圖式充分地說明特定實施例以使熟習此項技術者能夠實踐該等實施例。其他實施例可併入結構變化、邏輯變化、電氣變化、過程變化及其他變化。一些實施例之部分及特徵可包括於其他實施例之該等部分及特徵中,或者代替其他實施例之該等部分及特徵。在申請專利範圍中闡述之實施例涵蓋該等申請專利範圍之所有可利用的等效物。 The description and drawings are to be considered as illustrative of the embodiments Other embodiments may incorporate structural changes, logic changes, electrical changes, process variations, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. The embodiments set forth in the scope of the claims are intended to cover all such equivalents.
圖1例示根據一些實施例之HEW網路。HEW網路100可包括主站(STA)102、複數個HEW站104(亦即,HEW 裝置)及複數個舊式站106(舊式裝置)。主站102可佈置來根據IEEE 802.11標準之一或多者與HEW站104及舊式站106通訊。在一些實施例中,主站102可佈置來根據用於HEW之IEEE 802.11ax標準與HEW站104通訊。在一些實施例中,主站102可為存取點(AP),儘管此態樣中實施例之範疇不受限制。儘管HEW係指高效能WLAN,但其亦可係指高效能W-Fi。 FIG. 1 illustrates a HEW network in accordance with some embodiments. The HEW network 100 can include a primary station (STA) 102 and a plurality of HEW stations 104 (ie, HEW) Device) and a plurality of old stations 106 (legacy devices). The primary station 102 can be arranged to communicate with the HEW station 104 and the legacy station 106 in accordance with one or more of the IEEE 802.11 standards. In some embodiments, the primary station 102 can be arranged to communicate with the HEW station 104 in accordance with the IEEE 802.11ax standard for HEW. In some embodiments, the primary station 102 can be an access point (AP), although the scope of the embodiments in this aspect is not limited. Although HEW refers to high-performance WLAN, it can also refer to high-performance W-Fi.
根據實施例,主站102可包括實體層(PHY)及媒體存取控制層(MAC)電路,其可佈置來爭奪無線媒體(例如,在爭奪週期期間)以接收對媒體之互斥控制歷時HEW控制週期(亦即,傳輸機會(TXOP))。主站102可在HEW控制週期開始時傳輸HEW主同步傳輸。在HEW控制週期期間,HEW站104可根據基於非爭奪的排程多重存取技術來與主站102通訊。此不同於習知Wi-Fi通訊,在該習知Wi-Fi通訊中,裝置根據基於爭奪之通訊技術來通訊,而不是根據非爭奪多重存取技術來通訊。在HEW控制週期期間,舊式站106避免通訊。在一些實施例中,主同步傳輸可稱為HEW控制及排程傳輸。 According to an embodiment, the primary station 102 can include a physical layer (PHY) and medium access control layer (MAC) circuitry that can be arranged to compete for wireless media (eg, during a contention period) to receive mutual exclusion control duration HEW for the media Control cycle (ie, transmission opportunity (TXOP)). The primary station 102 can transmit the HEW primary synchronization transmission at the beginning of the HEW control period. During the HEW control period, the HEW station 104 can communicate with the primary station 102 in accordance with a non-contention based scheduling multiple access technique. This is different from conventional Wi-Fi communication, in which devices communicate according to contention-based communication technologies rather than non-contention multiple access technologies. The legacy station 106 avoids communication during the HEW control cycle. In some embodiments, the primary synchronous transmission may be referred to as HEW control and scheduled transmission.
根據實施例,主同步傳輸可包括多裝置HEW前文,其佈置來發信並識別複數個排程HEW站104之數據欄位。主站102可進一步佈置來在HEW控制週期期間傳輸(在下行鏈路方向)及/或接收(在上行鏈路方向)往/來於排程HEW站104的數據欄位之一或多者。在此等實施例中,主站102可包括多裝置HEW前文中之訓練欄位,以允許排程HEW站 104中之每一者進行同步及初始通道估計。 According to an embodiment, the primary synchronization transmission may include a multi-device HEW preamble arranged to signal and identify data fields of the plurality of scheduled HEW stations 104. The primary station 102 can be further arranged to transmit (in the downlink direction) and/or receive (in the uplink direction) one or more of the data fields to/from the scheduled HEW station 104 during the HEW control period. In such embodiments, the primary station 102 may include training fields in the multi-device HEW preamble to allow scheduling of HEW stations. Each of 104 performs synchronization and initial channel estimation.
根據一些實施例,HEW站104可為Wi-Fi或IEEE 802.11組配站(STA),其進一步組配來用於HEW操作(例如,根據IEEE 802.11ax)。HEW站104可組配來在HEW控制週期期間,根據諸如排程正交分頻多重存取(OFDMA)技術的基於非爭奪的多重存取技術與主站102通訊,且可組配來接收及解碼HEW訊框之多裝置HEW前文。HEW站104亦可組配來在HEW控制週期期間解碼藉由主站102接收的指示數據欄位。 According to some embodiments, the HEW station 104 may be a Wi-Fi or IEEE 802.11 group of stations (STAs) that are further assembled for HEW operation (eg, according to IEEE 802.11ax). The HEW station 104 can be configured to communicate with the primary station 102 in accordance with a non-contention-based multiple access technique, such as scheduled orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology, during the HEW control period, and can be configured to receive and Decode the HEW pre-multiple device HEW pre-text. The HEW station 104 can also be configured to decode the indicated data fields received by the primary station 102 during the HEW control period.
根據實施例,主站102可組配HEW訊框以包括舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)、L-SIG後接的HEW信號欄位(HEW SIG-A)及HEW SIG-A 408後接的一或多個HEW欄位。L-SIG可組配來使用舊有數量之數據子載波、舊有數量之導頻子載波及由已知參考序列調變的一定數量之額外的參考子載波進行傳輸。HEW SIG-A之至少一個符號及HEW訊框中HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位可組配來使用額外的數據子載波進行傳輸。額外的數據子載波可對應於L-SIG之額外的參考子載波。在此等實施例中,增加的數據容量係藉由增加發信位元之數量而不增加封包負擔來達成。以下更詳細地論述此等實施例。 According to an embodiment, the primary station 102 can assemble an HEW frame to include a legacy signal field (L-SIG), a HEW signal field followed by an L-SIG (HEW SIG-A), and a HEW SIG-A 408 followed by One or more HEW fields. The L-SIG can be configured to transmit using the old number of data subcarriers, the old number of pilot subcarriers, and a certain number of additional reference subcarriers modulated by known reference sequences. At least one symbol of the HEW SIG-A and one or more HEW fields following the HEW SIG-A in the HEW frame may be combined to transmit using additional data subcarriers. The additional data subcarriers may correspond to additional reference subcarriers of the L-SIG. In such embodiments, the increased data capacity is achieved by increasing the number of signaling bits without increasing the packet burden. These embodiments are discussed in more detail below.
圖2例示舊式訊框。舊式訊框200可包括舊式短訓練欄位(L-STF)202、舊式長訓練欄位(L-LTF)204、舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)206、VHT信號欄位(VHT-SIG-A)208、VHT-STF 209、VHT-LTF 210、VHT-SIG-B 212及數據216。 對於20MHz通道而言,L-SIG 206以及L-SIG 206後接的一些欄位(例如,VHT-SIG-A 208)可使用舊有數量之數據子載波(亦即,48個)及舊有數量之導頻子載波(亦即,4個)。 Figure 2 illustrates an old frame. The old frame 200 may include an old short training field (L-STF) 202, an old long training field (L-LTF) 204, a legacy signal field (L-SIG) 206, and a VHT signal field (VHT-SIG- A) 208, VHT-STF 209, VHT-LTF 210, VHT-SIG-B 212 and data 216. For the 20MHz channel, the L-SIG 206 and some fields following the L-SIG 206 (for example, VHT-SIG-A 208) can use the old number of data subcarriers (ie, 48) and the old ones. The number of pilot subcarriers (ie, four).
圖3為例示用於舊式訊框之各種欄位的子載波數量之表格。如圖3所示,對於20MHz通道而言,L-SIG 206以及L-SIG 206後接的一些欄位(例如,VHT-SIG-A 208)可使用舊有數量之數據子載波(亦即,48個)及舊有數量之導頻子載波(亦即,4個),總共52個子載波。對於40MHz通道而言,L-SIG 206及VHT-SIG-A 208可利用總共104個子載波,對於80MHz通道而言,L-SIG 206及VHT-SIG-A 208可利用總共208個子載波,且對於160MHz通道而言,L-SIG 206及VHT-SIG-A 208可利用總共416個子載波。 3 is a table illustrating the number of subcarriers used for various fields of a legacy frame. As shown in FIG. 3, for a 20 MHz channel, the L-SIG 206 and some fields following the L-SIG 206 (eg, VHT-SIG-A 208) may use the old number of data subcarriers (ie, 48) and the old number of pilot subcarriers (ie, 4) for a total of 52 subcarriers. For 40 MHz channels, L-SIG 206 and VHT-SIG-A 208 can utilize a total of 104 subcarriers, and for 80 MHz channels, L-SIG 206 and VHT-SIG-A 208 can utilize a total of 208 subcarriers, and for For the 160 MHz channel, the L-SIG 206 and VHT-SIG-A 208 can utilize a total of 416 subcarriers.
圖4例示根據一些實施例之HEW訊框。HEW訊框400可包括舊式短訓練欄位(L-STF)202、舊式長訓練欄位(L-LTF)204、舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)406、HEW信號欄位(HEW SIG-A)408、HEW-STF 409、HEW-LTF 210、HEW-SIG-B 212、HEW排程欄位(HEW-SCH)414及數據216。根據實施例,當存取點組配來作為用於HEW通訊之主站102操作時,該存取點可組配HEW訊框400以包括L-SIG 406、L-SIG 406後接的HEW SIG-A 408及HEW SIG-A 408後接的一或多個HEW欄位。L-SIG 406可組配來使用舊有數量之數據子載波、舊有數量之導頻子載波及由已知參考序列調變的一定數量之額外的參考子載波進行傳輸。HEW SIG-A 408之至少一個符號及HEW訊框400中HEW SIG-A 408後接 的一或多個HEW欄位可組配來使用額外的數據子載波進行傳輸。額外的數據子載波可對應於L-SIG 406之額外的參考子載波。增加的數據容量係藉由增加HEW SIG-A 408中發信位元之數量而不增加封包負擔來達成。 FIG. 4 illustrates an HEW frame in accordance with some embodiments. The HEW frame 400 may include an old short training field (L-STF) 202, an old long training field (L-LTF) 204, a legacy signal field (L-SIG) 406, and a HEW signal field (HEW SIG-A). 408, HEW-STF 409, HEW-LTF 210, HEW-SIG-B 212, HEW Scheduling Field (HEW-SCH) 414, and data 216. According to an embodiment, when an access point is grouped to operate as a primary station 102 for HEW communication, the access point can be combined with the HEW frame 400 to include the L-SIG 406, the HEW SIG followed by the L-SIG 406. -A 408 and HEW SIG-A 408 followed by one or more HEW fields. The L-SIG 406 can be configured to transmit using the old number of data subcarriers, the old number of pilot subcarriers, and a certain number of additional reference subcarriers modulated by known reference sequences. At least one symbol of the HEW SIG-A 408 and the HEW SIG-A 408 in the HEW frame 400 are followed by One or more HEW fields can be combined to transmit using additional data subcarriers. The additional data subcarriers may correspond to additional reference subcarriers of L-SIG 406. The increased data capacity is achieved by increasing the number of signaling bits in the HEW SIG-A 408 without increasing the packet burden.
圖5為例示根據一些實施例的用於HEW訊框之各種欄位的子載波數量之表格。如圖5所示,對於20MHz通道而言,L-SIG 406可使用舊有數量之數據子載波(亦即,48個)、一定數量的由已知參考序列調變之參考子載波(例如,四個)及舊有數量之導頻子載波(亦即,4個),總共56個子載波。對於20MHz通道而言,HEW SIG-A 408可使用舊有數量之數據子載波(亦即,48個)、一定數量的由已知參考序列調變之參考子載波(例如,四個)及舊有數量之導頻子載波(亦即,4個),總共56個子載波。對於40MHz通道而言,L-SIG 406及HEW SIG-A 408可利用總共114個子載波,對於80MHz通道而言,L-SIG 406及HEW SIG-A 408可利用總共242個子載波,且對於160MHz通道而言,L-SIG 406及HEW SIG-A 408可例如利用總共484個子載波。 FIG. 5 is a table illustrating the number of subcarriers for various fields of an HEW frame, in accordance with some embodiments. As shown in FIG. 5, for a 20 MHz channel, the L-SIG 406 can use an old number of data subcarriers (ie, 48), a number of reference subcarriers modulated by a known reference sequence (eg, Four) and the old number of pilot subcarriers (ie, four) for a total of 56 subcarriers. For a 20 MHz channel, the HEW SIG-A 408 can use the old number of data subcarriers (ie, 48), a number of reference subcarriers (eg, four) modulated by known reference sequences, and old There are a number of pilot subcarriers (ie, 4) for a total of 56 subcarriers. For 40MHz channels, L-SIG 406 and HEW SIG-A 408 can utilize a total of 114 subcarriers, and for 80MHz channels, L-SIG 406 and HEW SIG-A 408 can utilize a total of 242 subcarriers, and for 160MHz channels In this regard, L-SIG 406 and HEW SIG-A 408 may utilize, for example, a total of 484 subcarriers.
圖6A例示用於舊式系統之子載波分配。圖6A所例示的子載波分配可用於L-SIG 206(圖2)及VHT-SIG-A 208(圖2),且例示總共52個子載波(位於位置-26與位置+26之間)。 Figure 6A illustrates subcarrier allocation for a legacy system. The subcarrier allocation illustrated in FIG. 6A can be used for L-SIG 206 (FIG. 2) and VHT-SIG-A 208 (FIG. 2), and illustrates a total of 52 subcarriers (between position -26 and position +26).
圖6B例示根據一些實施例的用於HEW之子載波分配。圖6B所例示的子載波分配可用於L-SIG 406(圖4),且L-SIG 406後接的一或多個欄位包括HEW SIG-A 408(圖4), 且例示總共56個子載波(位於位置-28與位置+28之間)。圖6B所例示的子載波分配可包括舊有數量之數據子載波602、舊有數量之導頻子載波604及一定數量之額外的參考子載波606。 FIG. 6B illustrates subcarrier allocation for HEW in accordance with some embodiments. The subcarrier allocation illustrated in FIG. 6B can be used for L-SIG 406 (FIG. 4), and one or more fields followed by L-SIG 406 include HEW SIG-A 408 (FIG. 4). And a total of 56 subcarriers are located (between position -28 and position +28). The subcarrier allocation illustrated in FIG. 6B may include an old number of data subcarriers 602, an old number of pilot subcarriers 604, and a number of additional reference subcarriers 606.
根據一些實施例,L-SIG 406可組配來使用舊有數量之數據子載波602、舊有數量之導頻子載波604及由已知參考序列調變的一定數量之額外的參考子載波606進行傳輸。HEW SIG-A 408之至少一個符號及HEW訊框400中HEW SIG-A 408後接的一或多個HEW欄位亦可組配來使用額外的數據子載波606進行傳輸。額外的數據子載波對應於L-SIG 406之額外的參考子載波606。 According to some embodiments, the L-SIG 406 can be configured to use the old number of data subcarriers 602, the old number of pilot subcarriers 604, and a certain number of additional reference subcarriers 606 that are modulated by known reference sequences. Transfer. At least one symbol of HEW SIG-A 408 and one or more HEW fields following HEW SIG-A 408 in HEW frame 400 may also be combined to transmit using additional data subcarriers 606. The additional data subcarriers correspond to the additional reference subcarriers 606 of the L-SIG 406.
根據一些實施例,對於20MHz通道而言,數據子載波602之舊有數量可為四十八個,導頻子載波604之舊有數量可為四個、且由已知參考序列調變之額外的子載波606之數量可為四個,總共六十四個子載波,包括額外的空子載波(例如,DC子載波601及防護頻帶子載波)。HEW SIG-A 408後接的HEW數據欄位416之數據子載波之數量可為五十二個。在此等實施例中,對於20MHz通道而言,包括L-SIG 408及L-SIG 408後接者之信號在L-SIG 408之總共五十六個子載波上傳輸。HEW數據欄位416之數據子載波之數量可為五十二個(例如,四十八個舊式數據子載波及四個額外的數據子載波)。如圖6所例示,L-SIG 406亦可包括DC子載波601及防護音調605。在此等實施例中,L-SIG 406可包含OFDM符號,其可使用64-點FFT來產生。在一些實施 例中,HEW訊框400可經由可包含多個20MHz通道之較寬頻寬來傳輸。在一些實施例中,頻寬可為20MHz、40MHz、80MHz或160MHz之一。在一些實施例中,可使用320MHz頻寬。 According to some embodiments, the number of data subcarriers 602 may be forty-eight for a 20 MHz channel, and the number of pilot subcarriers 604 may be four, and additional sub-modules modulated by known reference sequences. The number of carriers 606 can be four, for a total of sixty-four subcarriers, including additional null subcarriers (eg, DC subcarrier 601 and guard band subcarriers). The number of data subcarriers of the HEW data field 416 followed by the HEW SIG-A 408 may be fifty two. In these embodiments, for the 20 MHz channel, the signals including the L-SIG 408 and L-SIG 408 followers are transmitted over a total of fifty-six subcarriers of the L-SIG 408. The number of data subcarriers in the HEW data field 416 can be fifty two (e.g., forty eight legacy data subcarriers and four additional data subcarriers). As illustrated in FIG. 6, L-SIG 406 may also include DC subcarrier 601 and guard tone 605. In such embodiments, L-SIG 406 may include OFDM symbols, which may be generated using a 64-point FFT. In some implementations In an example, HEW frame 400 can be transmitted via a wider bandwidth that can include multiple 20 MHz channels. In some embodiments, the bandwidth can be one of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. In some embodiments, a 320 MHz bandwidth can be used.
根據一些實施例,當HEW訊框400包括先於L-SIG 406的舊式長訓練欄位(L-LTF)404時,存取點可組配來以56/52之因子將L-SIG 406之全子載波功率分配定標(例如,增加)。在一些替代實施例中,硬體處理電路可組配來以52/56之因子將L-LTF 404之全子載波功率分配定標(例如,減少)。在此等實施例中,規模L-LTF 204或L-SIG 406之全子載波功率分配可幫助維持此等欄位之相同總體功率位準,以減少對舊式裝置之解碼性能之任何效應。 According to some embodiments, when the HEW frame 400 includes a legacy long training field (L-LTF) 404 prior to the L-SIG 406, the access point can be configured to factor the L-SIG 406 by a factor of 56/52. Full subcarrier power allocation scaling (eg, increase). In some alternative embodiments, the hardware processing circuitry can be configured to scale (eg, reduce) the full subcarrier power allocation of L-LTF 404 by a factor of 52/56. In such embodiments, the full subcarrier power allocation of the scale L-LTF 204 or L-SIG 406 can help maintain the same overall power level of these fields to reduce any effects on the decoding performance of legacy devices.
在一些實施例中,對於20MHz通道而言,導頻子載波604位於相對於DC子載波601的位置-21、-7、7、21處,且額外的參考子載波606位於相對於DC子載波601的位置-28、-27、27、28處。在此等實施例中,由HEW SIG-A 408及HEW SIG-A 408後接的一或多個HEW欄位使用的額外的數據子載波606亦可位於相對於DC子載波601的位置-28、-27、27、28處。 In some embodiments, for a 20 MHz channel, the pilot subcarrier 604 is located at positions -21, -7, 7, 21 relative to the DC subcarrier 601, and the additional reference subcarrier 606 is located relative to the DC subcarrier. The location of 601 is -28, -27, 27, 28. In these embodiments, the additional data subcarriers 606 used by one or more HEW fields followed by HEW SIG-A 408 and HEW SIG-A 408 may also be located at positions -28 relative to DC subcarrier 601. , -27, 27, 28 places.
在一些實施例中,在L-SIG 406之額外的參考子載波606上調變的已知參考序列可藉由接收HEW站104(圖1)用於通道估計,以允許接收HEW站104解調且解碼HEW SIG-A 408之額外的數據子載波及HEW SIG-A 408後接的一或多個HEW欄位之額外的數據子載波。在此等實施例中, HEW訊框400亦可係組配來包括舊式短訓練欄位(L-STF)202及先於L-SIG 406的舊式長訓練欄位(L-LTF)204。L-STF 202及L-LTF 204可為習知舊式訓練欄位。根據實施例,對圖6A中之子載波的通道估計值可由L-LTF 204決定(亦即,圖6B中除額外的參考子載波606外之所有子載波),而對額外的子載波606之通道估計值可由L-SIG 406之額外的參考子載波606決定。 In some embodiments, the known reference sequence modulated on the additional reference subcarrier 606 of the L-SIG 406 may be used by the receiving HEW station 104 (FIG. 1) for channel estimation to allow the receiving HEW station 104 to demodulate and The additional data subcarriers of the HEW SIG-A 408 and the additional data subcarriers of one or more HEW fields followed by the HEW SIG-A 408 are decoded. In these embodiments, The HEW frame 400 can also be assembled to include an old short training field (L-STF) 202 and an old long training field (L-LTF) 204 prior to the L-SIG 406. L-STF 202 and L-LTF 204 can be conventional old training fields. According to an embodiment, the channel estimate for the subcarriers in FIG. 6A may be determined by L-LTF 204 (ie, all subcarriers except for additional reference subcarriers 606 in FIG. 6B), and the channels for additional subcarriers 606 The estimate may be determined by the additional reference subcarrier 606 of the L-SIG 406.
在一些實施例中,存取點可組配來以B/A之因子將L-SIG 406之全子載波功率分配定標(亦即,增加),其中A為數據子載波602之舊有數量加導頻子載波604之舊有數量,且B為數據子載波602之舊有數量加導頻子載波604之舊有數量加額外的子載波606之數量。 In some embodiments, the access points may be configured to scale (ie, increase) the full subcarrier power allocation of L-SIG 406 by a factor of B/A, where A is the old number of data subcarriers 602 The old number of pilot subcarriers 604 is added, and B is the number of old number of pilot subcarriers 604 of data subcarrier 602 plus the number of additional subcarriers 606.
在一些實施例中,L-SIG 408之導頻子載波604及額外的參考子載波606運載接收器先前已知的資訊(例如,已知參考序列。在一些實施例中,L-SIG 408之導頻子載波604及額外的參考子載波606可具有相同調變(例如,BPSK +1或BPSK-1),而在其他實施例中,L-SIG 408之導頻子載波604及額外的參考子載波606可具有不同調變(例如,導頻子載波604可具有BPSK +1而額外的參考子載波606可具有BPSK-1)。 In some embodiments, the pilot subcarrier 604 of the L-SIG 408 and the additional reference subcarrier 606 carry information previously known to the receiver (eg, a known reference sequence. In some embodiments, the L-SIG 408 Pilot subcarrier 604 and additional reference subcarrier 606 may have the same modulation (eg, BPSK +1 or BPSK-1), while in other embodiments, pilot subcarrier 604 of L-SIG 408 and additional references Subcarriers 606 may have different modulations (eg, pilot subcarrier 604 may have BPSK +1 and additional reference subcarrier 606 may have BPSK-1).
在一些實施例中,HEW訊框400中HEW SIG-A 408後接的一或多個HEW欄位可包括HEW數據欄位416及先於數據欄位416的HEW排程欄位(HEW-SCH)414。HEW-SCH 414可包括用於一或多個HEW站104之排程資訊, 該等HEW站104經排程以在數據欄位416期間根據排程正交分頻多重存取(OFDMA)技術與存取點102通訊。在此等實施例中,HEW-SCH 414及數據欄位416可利用提供用於數據容量增加之額外的數據子載波606。例如,數據子載波可自48個增加至52個。在一些實施例中,排程OFDMA技術可包括上行鏈路或下行鏈路通訊,且亦可包括上行鏈路或下行鏈路分區多重存取(SDMA)之使用,儘管在此態樣中實施例之範疇不受限制。 In some embodiments, one or more HEW fields following HEW SIG-A 408 in HEW frame 400 may include HEW data field 416 and HEW scheduling field prior to data field 416 (HEW-SCH) ) 414. The HEW-SCH 414 can include scheduling information for one or more HEW stations 104, The HEW stations 104 are scheduled to communicate with the access point 102 during the data field 416 in accordance with scheduled orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) techniques. In such embodiments, HEW-SCH 414 and data field 416 may utilize additional data subcarriers 606 for data capacity increase. For example, the number of data subcarriers can be increased from 48 to 52. In some embodiments, scheduled OFDMA techniques may include uplink or downlink communications, and may also include uplink or downlink partition multiple access (SDMA) usage, although in this aspect embodiments The scope is not limited.
在一些實施例中,HEW SIG-A 408包含至少一第一符號(HEW SIG-A1)408A及第二符號(HEW SIG-A2)408B。在此等實施例中,藉由HEW SIG-A1 408A運載的資訊位元可對映於舊式數據子載波602,HEW SIG-A1 408A之導頻子載波可對映於舊式導頻子載波604。HEW SIG-A1 408A之額外的參考子載波606可利用已知參考序列調變,藉由HEW SIG-A2 408B運載的資訊位元可對映於數據子載波602及額外的參考子載波606。HEW SIG-A2 408B之導頻子載波可對映於舊式導頻子載波604。在此等實施例中HEW SIG-A2 408B可具有用於數據分配之額外四個子載波(例如,對20MHz通道而言,至多52個數據子載波)。在此等實施例中,不同於習知接合編碼器/解碼器,單獨的編碼器/解碼器可用於HEW SIG-A1 408A及HEW SIG-A2 408B。在此等實施例中,HEW SIG-A1 408A之額外的參考子載波可以相同方式加以利用,額外的四個參考子載波606係用於L-SIG 406(例如,用於通道估計),以在低SNR狀況中提供更穩固 的通道估計,因為接收器可組配來對L-SIG 406及HEW SIG-A1 408之參考子載波進行取平均值。 In some embodiments, HEW SIG-A 408 includes at least a first symbol (HEW SIG-A1) 408A and a second symbol (HEW SIG-A2) 408B. In these embodiments, the information bits carried by the HEW SIG-A1 408A may be mapped to the legacy data subcarrier 602, and the pilot subcarriers of the HEW SIG-A1 408A may be mapped to the legacy pilot subcarrier 604. The additional reference subcarriers 606 of the HEW SIG-A1 408A may be modulated using known reference sequences, and the information bits carried by the HEW SIG-A2 408B may be mapped to the data subcarrier 602 and the additional reference subcarrier 606. The pilot subcarriers of HEW SIG-A2 408B may be mapped to legacy pilot subcarriers 604. In these embodiments HEW SIG-A2 408B may have an additional four subcarriers for data distribution (eg, up to 52 data subcarriers for a 20 MHz channel). In such embodiments, a separate encoder/decoder may be used for HEW SIG-A1 408A and HEW SIG-A2 408B, unlike conventional joint encoders/decoders. In such embodiments, the additional reference subcarriers of HEW SIG-A1 408A may be utilized in the same manner, with an additional four reference subcarriers 606 being used for L-SIG 406 (eg, for channel estimation) to Provides more stability in low SNR conditions Channel estimation because the receiver can be configured to average the reference subcarriers of L-SIG 406 and HEW SIG-A1 408.
在一些實施例中,HEW SIG-A 408可包括額外的符號,諸如HEW SIG-A3及HEW SIG-A4等等。在此等實施例中,HEW SIG-A 408之額外的符號可利用用於數據分配之額外子載波類似地組配成HEW SIG-A2 408B。在此等實施例中,HEW SIG-A 408之額外的符號以及可使用的額外的符號之數量可取決於將要運載之資訊量。 In some embodiments, HEW SIG-A 408 may include additional symbols such as HEW SIG-A3 and HEW SIG-A4 and the like. In such embodiments, the additional symbols of HEW SIG-A 408 may be similarly combined into HEW SIG-A2 408B using additional subcarriers for data allocation. In such embodiments, the additional symbols of HEW SIG-A 408 and the number of additional symbols that may be used may depend on the amount of information to be carried.
在一些實施例中,當存取點102作為主站操作時,存取點可組配來在爭奪週期期間爭奪無線媒體,以接收對媒體之控制歷時HEW控制週期,且在HEW控制週期期間傳輸HEW,其中在HEW控制週期期間,主站具有無線媒體之互斥使用,以用於根據基於非爭奪多重存取技術與排程HEW站104通訊。在一些實施例中,基於非爭奪多重存取技術可為排程OFDMA技術且可包括上行鏈路或下行鏈路通訊,且亦可包括上行鏈路或下行鏈路SDMA之使用,儘管在此態樣中實施例之範疇不受限制。在此等實施例中,存取點102可在HEW控制週期內傳輸多工傳輸至多個排程HEW站中之每一者的下行鏈路數據,或在HEW控制週期內接收自多個排程HEW站多工傳輸的上行鏈路數據。來自每一排程站104之下行鏈路數據可對應於一個鏈路且包含一或多個串流。來自每一排程站之上行鏈路數據可對應於一個鏈路且包含一或多個串流。下行鏈路數據及上行鏈路數據可為時間多工傳輸的、頻率多工傳輸的及/或空間多工傳 輸的。在此等實施例中,存取點102可包括在HEW前文之LTF部分410中的LTF之數量,且可包括HEW排程欄位(HEW-SCH)414以後接於LTF部分。在此等實施例中,存取點102可組配HEW訊框以包括先於HEW前文之舊式前文。在此等實施例中,HEW-SCH 414可組配來識別以下一或多者:用於每一鏈路之調變參數、用於每一鏈路之編碼類型、每一鏈路是否為單一使用者(SU)鏈路或多使用者(MU)鏈路;以及用於每一鏈路之串流之數量。每一數據欄位416可與單一使用者(SU)鏈路或多使用者(MU)鏈路相關聯,每一鏈路可組配來提供多個數據串流。在一些實施例中,主站可提供對包括在HEW前文之LTF部分中的LTF之數量之指示。在一些實施例中,對將要包括在HEW前文中的LTF之數量之選擇可基於將要在單一鏈路上傳輸的串流之最大數量,儘管在此態樣中實施例之範疇不受限制。 In some embodiments, when the access point 102 operates as a primary station, the access points can be configured to compete for wireless media during the contention period to receive control over the media for the duration of the HEW control period and during the HEW control period. HEW, wherein during the HEW control period, the primary station has a mutually exclusive use of wireless media for communicating with the scheduled HEW station 104 in accordance with a non-contention based multiple access technique. In some embodiments, the non-contention multiple access based technology may be scheduled OFDMA technology and may include uplink or downlink communications, and may also include the use of uplink or downlink SDMA, although in this state The scope of the examples is not limited. In such embodiments, the access point 102 can transmit multiplexed downlink data to each of the plurality of scheduled HEW stations during the HEW control period, or receive multiple schedules during the HEW control period. The uplink data of the multiplex transmission of the HEW station. The downlink data from each of the schedule stations 104 may correspond to one link and include one or more streams. The uplink data from each of the scheduling stations may correspond to one link and include one or more streams. Downlink data and uplink data may be time multiplexed, frequency multiplexed, and/or spatially multiplexed lost. In such embodiments, the access point 102 can include the number of LTFs in the LTF portion 410 of the HEW preamble, and can include a HEW Scheduling Field (HEW-SCH) 414 followed by an LTF portion. In such embodiments, the access point 102 can be grouped with HEW frames to include legacy preambles prior to the HEW preamble. In such embodiments, HEW-SCH 414 can be configured to identify one or more of: modulation parameters for each link, coding type for each link, whether each link is a single User (SU) link or multi-user (MU) link; and the number of streams for each link. Each data field 416 can be associated with a single user (SU) link or a multi-user (MU) link, and each link can be configured to provide multiple data streams. In some embodiments, the primary station can provide an indication of the number of LTFs included in the LTF portion of the HEW preamble. In some embodiments, the selection of the number of LTFs to be included in the HEW preamble may be based on the maximum number of streams to be transmitted on a single link, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this aspect.
根據實施例,組配來用於HEW通訊之通訊站104可組配來接收HEW訊框400,該HEW訊框400至少包括L-SIG 406、L-SIG 406後接的HEW SIG-A 408及HEW SIG-A 408後接的一或多個HEW欄位。在此等實施例中,HEW站104可組配來解碼L-SIG 406之數據子載波602以判定長度及速率資訊,自已知參考序列計算L-SIG 406之額外的參考子載波606之通道估計值,且利用通道估計值來解碼HEW SIG-A 408之至少一個符號與HEW SIG-A 408後接的一或多個HEW欄位之額外的數據子載波。 According to an embodiment, the communication station 104 assembled for HEW communication can be configured to receive the HEW frame 400. The HEW frame 400 includes at least the L-SIG 406, the HEW SIG-A 408 followed by the L-SIG 406, and HEW SIG-A 408 followed by one or more HEW fields. In such embodiments, HEW station 104 can be configured to decode data subcarrier 602 of L-SIG 406 to determine length and rate information, and to calculate channel estimates for additional reference subcarriers 606 of L-SIG 406 from known reference sequences. The value is used, and the channel estimate is used to decode at least one symbol of HEW SIG-A 408 with additional data subcarriers of one or more HEW fields following HEW SIG-A 408.
在一些實施例中,HEW站104可進一步組配來避 免解碼L-SIG 406之額外的參考子載波606。L-SIG 406之此等額外的參考子載波606適用於判定通道估計值且不運載任何數據。 In some embodiments, the HEW station 104 can be further configured to avoid The additional reference subcarrier 606 of the L-SIG 406 is not decoded. These additional reference subcarriers 606 of L-SIG 406 are suitable for determining channel estimates and not carrying any data.
在一些實施例中,HEW站104可組配來利用自舊式訓練欄位(例如,L-LTF 204)及額外的參考子載波L-SIG 406判定的通道估計值來解碼HEW SIG-A 408之數據子載波。HEW SIG-A 408之數據子載波對應於L-SIG 406之數據子載波,且額外的數據子載波對應於L-SIG 406之額外的參考子載波606。在此等實施例中,HEW-SIG A 408之所有(例如,52個)數據子載波(額外的數據子載波(對應於L-SIG 406之額外的參考子載波606)及舊式數據子載波(對應於L-SIG 406之數據子載波602))可一起解調且解碼。例如,可使用64-點FFT。習知地,舊式信號欄位不利用額外的參考子載波606。 In some embodiments, the HEW station 104 can be configured to decode the HEW SIG-A 408 using channel estimates determined from legacy training fields (eg, L-LTF 204) and additional reference subcarriers L-SIG 406. Data subcarrier. The data subcarriers of the HEW SIG-A 408 correspond to the data subcarriers of the L-SIG 406, and the additional data subcarriers correspond to the additional reference subcarriers 606 of the L-SIG 406. In these embodiments, all (eg, 52) data subcarriers of HEW-SIG A 408 (additional data subcarriers (corresponding to additional reference subcarriers 606 of L-SIG 406) and legacy data subcarriers ( Data subcarriers 602)) corresponding to L-SIG 406 can be demodulated and decoded together. For example, a 64-point FFT can be used. Conventionally, legacy signal fields do not utilize additional reference subcarriers 606.
在一些實施例中,HEW站104可進一步係組配來判定所接收訊框是否為HEW訊框400或舊式訊框,此係基於L-SIG之長度欄位中之值是否可由三整除,或基於應用於後續信號欄位之第一及第二符號之BPSK調變的相位旋轉。 In some embodiments, the HEW station 104 can further be configured to determine whether the received frame is an HEW frame 400 or an old frame, based on whether the value in the length field of the L-SIG is divisible by three, or A phase rotation based on BPSK modulation applied to the first and second symbols of the subsequent signal field.
在一些實施例中,HEW站104可利用HEW SIG-A1 408A之額外的參考子載波606及L-SIG 406之額外的參考子載波606以供通道估計(例如,使用組合或取平均值技術)。在此等實施例中,HEW站104可基於自L-LTF 204、L-SIG 406及HEW SIG-A1 408A獲得的通道估計值來解碼HEW SIG-A2 408B,儘管在此態樣中實施例之範疇不受限 制。 In some embodiments, HEW station 104 may utilize additional reference subcarriers 606 of HEW SIG-A1 408A and additional reference subcarriers 606 of L-SIG 406 for channel estimation (eg, using combining or averaging techniques) . In such embodiments, HEW station 104 may decode HEW SIG-A2 408B based on channel estimates obtained from L-LTF 204, L-SIG 406, and HEW SIG-A1 408A, although in this aspect the embodiment Unrestricted scope system.
根據一些實施例,主站102可佈置來選擇將要包括在HEW訊框之多裝置HEW前文中的大量長訓練欄位(LTF)。HEW訊框可包含用於傳輸多個數據串流的多個鏈路。主站102亦可順序地傳輸作為多裝置HEW前文之部分的選定數量之LTF,且順序地傳輸多個數據欄位至多個排程HEW站104中之每一者。數據欄位可為HEW訊框之部分。每一數據欄位可對應於鏈路之一,且可包含一或多個數據串流。在一些實施例中,數據欄位可稱為封包。主站102亦可佈置來在HEW控制週期期間在上行鏈路方向上自HEW站104接收封包。 According to some embodiments, the primary station 102 can be arranged to select a number of long training fields (LTFs) to be included in the HEW preamble of the HEW frame. The HEW frame can include multiple links for transmitting multiple data streams. The primary station 102 can also sequentially transmit a selected number of LTFs as part of the multi-device HEW preamble and sequentially transmit a plurality of data fields to each of the plurality of scheduled HEW stations 104. The data field can be part of the HEW frame. Each data field may correspond to one of the links and may include one or more data streams. In some embodiments, the data field may be referred to as a packet. The primary station 102 can also be arranged to receive packets from the HEW station 104 in the uplink direction during the HEW control period.
在一些實施例中,主站102可佈置來組配多裝置HEW前文,以包括HEW控制信號欄位(HEW-SCH)來識別及發信HEW訊框之數據欄位中之每一者。在此等實施例中,單一HEW前文包括在HEW訊框中,其不同於包括用於每一鏈路之前文的習知技術。 In some embodiments, the primary station 102 can be arranged to assemble a multi-device HEW preamble to include a HEW Control Signal Field (HEW-SCH) to identify and signal each of the data fields of the HEW frame. In such embodiments, a single HEW preamble is included in the HEW frame, which is different from the prior art that is included for each link.
在此等實施例中,可在HEW控制週期開始時傳輸的HEW主同步傳輸可包括多裝置HEW前文。HEW訊框之數據欄位可在HEW控制週期內、在下行鏈路方向上、在多裝置HEW前文之後由主站102傳輸,及/或在上行鏈路方向上由主站102接收。 In such embodiments, the HEW primary synchronization transmission that may be transmitted at the beginning of the HEW control period may include a multi-device HEW preamble. The data field of the HEW frame may be transmitted by the primary station 102 during the HEW control period, in the downlink direction, after the multi-device HEW preamble, and/or by the primary station 102 in the uplink direction.
在一些實施例中,HEW訊框之鏈路(例如,數據欄位)可組配來具有相同頻寬,且頻寬可為以下之一:20MHz、40MHz或80MHz相連頻寬或80+80MHz(160MHz) 非相連頻寬。在一些實施例中,可使用320MHz相連頻寬。在一些實施例中,亦可使用1MHz、1.25MHZ、2.5MHz、5MHz及/或10MHz之頻寬。在此等實施例中HEW訊框之每一鏈路可組配來用於傳輸大量空間串流。 In some embodiments, the links of the HEW frames (eg, data fields) can be grouped to have the same bandwidth, and the bandwidth can be one of: 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz connected bandwidth or 80+80 MHz ( 160MHz) Unconnected bandwidth. In some embodiments, a 320 MHz connected bandwidth can be used. In some embodiments, a bandwidth of 1 MHz, 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, and/or 10 MHz can also be used. In these embodiments, each link of the HEW frame can be configured to transmit a large amount of spatial streams.
本文揭示的實施例增加可在Wi-Fi前文之舊式(IEEE 802.11a/g)部分(L-SIG)之後傳輸的OFDM符號中所運載的資訊位元之數量。因為HEW為先前標準之演化標準,且需要與舊式系統共存,所以HEW特定傳輸可以舊式前文開始。前文之舊式部分可包括L-STF 202、L-LTF 204及L-SIG 206(參見圖2),以允許舊式裝置偵測HEW傳輸且適當延緩。在解碼L-SIG 206之後,若HEW裝置可識別呈HEW封包或舊式封包之每一傳輸,則剩餘封包可以HEW特定格式來傳輸。然而,在L-SIG之後的任何信號欄位可限於自L-LTF獲得的通道估計值直至傳輸新的HEW-LTF。此限制為先前版本標準之情況,亦即IEEE 802.11n/ac。如圖2所描繪,在IEEE 802.11ac中,VHT-SIG-A後接於L-SIG,且如圖3之表格所識別,子載波之數量匹配L-SIG。在VHT-LTF之後傳輸的OFDMA符號具有較大數量之數據子載波,因為僅在處理VHT-LTF之後接收器才具有用於較大數量之子載波的通道估計值。 Embodiments disclosed herein increase the number of information bits carried in OFDM symbols that can be transmitted after the Wi-Fi preamble (IEEE 802.11a/g) portion (L-SIG). Because HEW is an evolutionary standard of previous standards and needs to coexist with legacy systems, HEW-specific transmissions can be started in the old format. The old-style portion of the foregoing may include L-STF 202, L-LTF 204, and L-SIG 206 (see FIG. 2) to allow legacy devices to detect HEW transmissions with appropriate delays. After decoding the L-SIG 206, if the HEW device can identify each transmission as an HEW packet or a legacy packet, the remaining packets can be transmitted in a HEW specific format. However, any signal field after the L-SIG can be limited to the channel estimate obtained from the L-LTF until a new HEW-LTF is transmitted. This limitation is the case with previous version standards, namely IEEE 802.11n/ac. As depicted in FIG. 2, in IEEE 802.11ac, VHT-SIG-A is followed by L-SIG, and as identified in the table of FIG. 3, the number of subcarriers matches the L-SIG. The OFDMA symbols transmitted after the VHT-LTF have a larger number of data subcarriers because the receiver has channel estimates for a larger number of subcarriers only after processing the VHT-LTF.
由於此限制,VHT-SIG-A 208中運載的資訊位元之數量限於L-SIG中運載的資訊位元之數量,因為其具有相同數量之數據子載波,且使用相同調變次序及寫碼速率。本文揭示的實施例提供用於例如在HEW SIG-A 408中子載 波數量之增加(例如,對20MHz、40MHz、80MHz及160MHz而言,分別增加至56個、112個、224個及448個子載波)。子載波數量之此種增加可直接地轉譯為資訊位元數量之增加。已知OFDMA為用於HEW之有前景技術且OFDMA可需要將要受發信的額外資訊且因此將要在HEW SIG-A 408運載更多位元,此等實施例允許更有效的OFDMA位元分配。應注意,在HEW SIG-A 408中運載更多資訊位元為極具價值的,因為在其他情況下,可能在前文中需要另一完整符號,從而增加總體協定負擔。因為對HEW之關注為效能,所以獲得增加資訊位元而不增加任何額外的負擔之機構為成功設計之關鍵,且增加在標準中直接採用之機會。 Due to this limitation, the number of information bits carried in the VHT-SIG-A 208 is limited to the number of information bits carried in the L-SIG because it has the same number of data subcarriers and uses the same modulation order and code. rate. Embodiments disclosed herein are provided for use, for example, in HEW SIG-A 408 The increase in the number of waves (for example, to 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz, respectively, to 56, 112, 224, and 448 subcarriers). This increase in the number of subcarriers can be directly translated into an increase in the number of information bits. OFDMA is known to be a promising technology for HEW and OFDMA may require additional information to be signaled and thus will carry more bits at HEW SIG-A 408, such embodiments allow for more efficient OFDMA bit allocation. It should be noted that carrying more information bits in the HEW SIG-A 408 is extremely valuable, because in other cases, another complete symbol may be required in the foregoing, thereby increasing the overall contract burden. Because the focus on HEW is performance, organizations that increase the number of information bits without adding any additional burden are key to successful design and increase the chances of direct adoption in the standard.
根據實施例,將額外的參考子載波引入L-SIG 406中,而不在偵測L-SIG 406中影響舊式裝置106之性能。舊式裝置106不知曉額外的參考子載波之存在,且能夠如前所述解碼L-SIG 406。然而,HEW裝置104可組配來知曉額外的參考子載波,且使用其來獲得其對應子載波之通道估計值,同時類似於舊式裝置解碼L-SIG。經由使用參考子載波獲得的此等新獲得的通道估計值係用於HEW接收器,以用於解碼子序列OFDM符號且尤其用於解碼具有增加數量之子載波的HEW SIG-A 408。 According to an embodiment, additional reference subcarriers are introduced into the L-SIG 406 without affecting the performance of the legacy device 106 in detecting the L-SIG 406. Legacy device 106 is unaware of the existence of additional reference subcarriers and can decode L-SIG 406 as previously described. However, HEW device 104 can be configured to learn additional reference subcarriers and use it to obtain channel estimates for its corresponding subcarriers, while decoding L-SIGs similar to legacy devices. These newly obtained channel estimates obtained via the use of reference subcarriers are used for HEW receivers for decoding subsequence OFDM symbols and in particular for decoding HEW SIG-A 408 with an increased number of subcarriers.
HEW之一目標為採用改良Wi-Fi之效能且尤其是緻密部署之效能的方法。對Wi-Fi標準之每一次新的修正皆利用額外的發信技術,因此後續修正系統可識別每一傳輸,且將其分類為舊式系統傳輸之一或來自新修正標準之一。 在Wi-Fi中,為維持舊式能力,封包之前文部分已獲增加,且增加具有各種調變格式之新的欄位以便可認定新的發佈。根據實施例,HEW裝置104能夠自舊式封包識別HEW封包。在此等實施例中,HEW訊框400可組配來具有如圖4所示的格式。應注意,欄位之精確數量、其在時間上之次序及持續時間不改變主要概念及可應用於更一般格式及其他頻寬的此等實施例。 One of the goals of HEW is to adopt a method that improves the performance of Wi-Fi and especially the performance of dense deployment. Each new revision to the Wi-Fi standard utilizes additional signaling techniques, so subsequent correction systems can identify each transmission and classify it as one of the legacy system transmissions or from one of the new revision criteria. In Wi-Fi, in order to maintain legacy capabilities, the previous part of the packet has been added, and new fields with various modulation formats have been added so that new releases can be identified. According to an embodiment, the HEW device 104 is capable of identifying HEW packets from legacy packets. In such embodiments, the HEW frame 400 can be assembled to have the format shown in FIG. It should be noted that the precise number of fields, their order in time and duration do not change the primary concepts and such embodiments that can be applied to more general formats and other bandwidths.
根據實施例,L-SIG之OFDM結構利用如圖6A所示的具有子載波分配之64-FFT,其中導頻位於位置(-21、-7、7、21)處。在編碼器及交錯器之後指定導頻音調。一些實施例可將L-SIG擴展至56個子載波,其類似於如圖6B所示的子載波分配。圖6B中例示的新指定參考子載波(-28、-27、27、28)可為HEW接收器所知,且可用於通道估計,該通道估計將用於如圖4描繪的子序列OFDM符號HEW SIG-A中。類似於導頻音調,此等參考子載波不經歷編碼器及交錯器。參考子載波指定有某種極性。熟習此項技術者可運行電腦搜索程式來找出其精確值。一般而言,針對L-SIG中之資訊位元之隨機及決定性選擇之組合來選擇值,以提供最佳峰值與平均功率比率(PAPR)。其簡單實例可進行L-SIG擴展,其類似於以Greenfield 11n格式的L-LTF至HT-LTF之擴展。具有額外的參考子載波之L-SIG亦可利用64-位元FFT。 According to an embodiment, the OFDM structure of the L-SIG utilizes a 64-FFT with subcarrier allocation as shown in Figure 6A, where the pilots are located at positions (-21, -7, 7, 21). The pilot tones are specified after the encoder and interleaver. Some embodiments may extend the L-SIG to 56 subcarriers, which is similar to the subcarrier allocation as shown in Figure 6B. The newly designated reference subcarriers (-28, -27, 27, 28) illustrated in Figure 6B may be known to the HEW receiver and may be used for channel estimation, which will be used for subsequence OFDM symbols as depicted in Figure 4. HEW SIG-A. Similar to pilot tones, these reference subcarriers do not experience an encoder and an interleaver. The reference subcarrier is specified to have a certain polarity. Those skilled in the art can run a computer search program to find out the exact value. In general, values are selected for a combination of random and decisive choices of information bits in the L-SIG to provide an optimal peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). A simple example of this can be an L-SIG extension similar to the extension of L-LTF to HT-LTF in Greenfield 11n format. The L-SIG with additional reference subcarriers can also utilize a 64-bit FFT.
向L-SIG增加此等新的參考符號可不對由舊式裝置106或HEW裝置104偵測L-SIG具有負面影響。此外,因為其可僅為封包中許多符號中的一個OFDM符號,所以其將 不會影響相鄰通道干擾。然而,注意力應放在全音調功率定標。利用此擴展,對L-LTF之全音調功率定標可不同於對L-SIG之全音調功率定標,後者可影響舊式裝置之解碼性能。為使全音調功率位準相同,在一些實施例中,L-LTF符號功率可降低(例如,如降低52/56),此取決於子載波之數量。 Adding such new reference symbols to the L-SIG may have a negative impact on detecting the L-SIG by the legacy device 106 or the HEW device 104. Furthermore, since it can only be one of many symbols in the packet, it will Does not affect adjacent channel interference. However, attention should be placed on full-tone power calibration. With this extension, the full-tone power scaling of the L-LTF can be different from the full-tone power scaling of the L-SIG, which can affect the decoding performance of legacy devices. To make the full tone power levels the same, in some embodiments, the L-LTF symbol power can be reduced (e.g., by 52/56) depending on the number of subcarriers.
根據實施例,HEW接收器繼續解碼L-SIG 406,其與藉由解交錯及解碼52個舊式子載波的舊式操作相同。額外,HEW站104可隨後使用新的參考子載波計算子載波(例如,在位置-28、-27、27、28處的子載波)之通道估計。若所接收封包識別為HEW訊框,則在解碼後續OFDM符號中,除自L-LTF獲得的該等通道估計之外,HEW接收器將利用在位置-28、-27、27、28處的子載波之通道估計。使得此等擴展通道估計可利用的情況允許HEW SIG-A迄今運載56個數據子載波分配,如圖6B所示。假定用於HEW SIG-A 408之BPSK調變及速率½寫碼(或QBPSK),此轉譯為額外的兩個資訊位元。在位置-28、-27、27及28處之子載波係僅用作實例,因為在此態樣中實施例之範疇不受限制。 According to an embodiment, the HEW receiver continues to decode the L-SIG 406, which is identical to the legacy operation by deinterleaving and decoding 52 legacy subcarriers. Additionally, the HEW station 104 can then calculate channel estimates for the subcarriers (e.g., subcarriers at locations -28, -27, 27, 28) using the new reference subcarriers. If the received packet is identified as an HEW frame, then in decoding subsequent OFDM symbols, the HEW receiver will utilize positions -28, -27, 27, 28 in addition to the channel estimates obtained from the L-LTF. Channel estimation for subcarriers. The situation in which such extended channel estimates are made allows the HEW SIG-A to carry 56 data subcarrier allocations to date, as shown in Figure 6B. Assuming BPSK modulation and rate 1⁄2 write code (or QBPSK) for HEW SIG-A 408, this translates to an additional two information bits. The subcarriers at positions -28, -27, 27, and 28 are only used as examples, since the scope of the embodiments in this aspect is not limited.
在一些其他實施例中,當前L-LTF為兩個長訓練序列(LTS)之重複,且因而在極低SNR情境中,接收器可對兩個LTS進行取平均值,以獲得更可靠的通道估計。為在用於HEW之此建議中允許此相同的取平均值,則所解釋的子載波擴展亦可應用於直接後接於L-SIG之OFDM符號。在諸如圖4展示之格式的格式中,其將為HEW SIG-A1 408A之第一OFDM符號。因此,在此實例中,HEW SIG-A1 408A可 類似於VHT-SIG-A1具有52個子載波。L-SIG及SIG-A1二者可使用新的參考子載波(-28、-27、27、28)來計算通道估計值。隨後,HEW SIG-A2 408B可具有用於數據分配之額外四個子載波。在此狀況下,HEW SIG-A1及HEW SIG-A2可具有獨立的編碼器/解碼器,其不同於具有接合編碼器/解碼器之VHT-SIG-A1及VHT-SIG-A2。 In some other embodiments, the current L-LTF is a repetition of two long training sequences (LTS), and thus in a very low SNR scenario, the receiver can average the two LTSs to obtain a more reliable channel. estimate. To allow this same averaging in this recommendation for HEW, the explained subcarrier extension can also be applied to OFDM symbols directly followed by L-SIG. In a format such as the format shown in Figure 4, it will be the first OFDM symbol of HEW SIG-A1 408A. Therefore, in this example, the HEW SIG-A1 408A can Similar to VHT-SIG-A1 has 52 subcarriers. Both the L-SIG and SIG-A1 can use the new reference subcarriers (-28, -27, 27, 28) to calculate channel estimates. Subsequently, HEW SIG-A2 408B may have an additional four subcarriers for data distribution. In this case, HEW SIG-A1 and HEW SIG-A2 may have separate encoders/decoders, which are different from VHT-SIG-A1 and VHT-SIG-A2 with joint encoders/decoders.
本文揭示的實施例提供一種增加20MHz L-SIG中之子載波數量(例如,增加至56個)的方法。因為L-SIG經複製來在802.11n中支援40MHz之頻寬,且進行類似的複製來在IEEE 802.11ac中支援80MHz及160MHz,對40、80及160MHz而言,所以可容易應用L-SIG分別至112、224及448之擴展。擴展參考子載波可在HEW接收器處用於獲得除自L-LTF獲得的該等通道估計外的通道估計。與IEEE 802.11n/11ac中之52個子載波相比,獲得56個子載波之通道估計值允許在後續OFDM符號中利用56個子載波。因此,四個數據子載波增加至HEW SIG-A而無額外負擔。因為對HEW之關注為效能,所以獲得增加發信位元而不增加任何額外的負擔之機構為成功設計之關鍵,且增加在標準中直接採用之機會。 Embodiments disclosed herein provide a method of increasing the number of subcarriers (e.g., increasing to 56) in a 20 MHz L-SIG. Because L-SIG is copied to support 40MHz bandwidth in 802.11n, and similar copying is supported in IEEE 802.11ac to support 80MHz and 160MHz, for 40, 80 and 160MHz, so L-SIG can be easily applied. Extension to 112, 224 and 448. The extended reference subcarriers may be used at the HEW receiver to obtain channel estimates in addition to the channel estimates obtained from the L-LTF. A channel estimate of 56 subcarriers is obtained compared to 52 subcarriers in IEEE 802.11n/11ac allowing 56 subcarriers to be utilized in subsequent OFDM symbols. Therefore, the four data subcarriers are added to the HEW SIG-A without additional burden. Because the focus on HEW is performance, organizations that increase the number of signaling bits without adding any additional burden are key to successful design and increase the chances of direct adoption in the standard.
圖7例示根據一些實施例的HEW裝置。HEW裝置700可為HEW順應性裝置,其可佈置來與一或多個其他HEW裝置(諸如HEW站104(圖1)或主站102(圖1))通訊,以及與舊式裝置通訊。HEW裝置700可適合於作為主站102(圖1)或HEW站104(圖1)操作。根據實施例,HEW裝置700 可尤其包括硬體處理電路,該硬體處理電路可包括實體層(PHY)電路702及媒體存取控制層電路(MAC)704。PHY 702及MAC 704可為HEW順應層,且亦可順應於一或多個舊式IEEE 802.11標準。PHY 702可佈置來傳輸HEW訊框,諸如HEW訊框(圖4)。HEW裝置700亦可包括其他處理電路706及記憶體708,其組配來進行本文所述的各種操作。 FIG. 7 illustrates a HEW device in accordance with some embodiments. The HEW device 700 can be an HEW compliant device that can be arranged to communicate with one or more other HEW devices, such as the HEW station 104 (FIG. 1) or the primary station 102 (FIG. 1), and with legacy devices. HEW device 700 may be adapted to operate as primary station 102 (FIG. 1) or HEW station 104 (FIG. 1). According to an embodiment, the HEW device 700 In particular, hardware processing circuitry may be included, which may include a physical layer (PHY) circuit 702 and a medium access control layer circuit (MAC) 704. PHY 702 and MAC 704 may be HEW compliant layers and may also conform to one or more legacy IEEE 802.11 standards. The PHY 702 can be arranged to transmit HEW frames, such as HEW frames (Fig. 4). The HEW device 700 can also include other processing circuits 706 and memory 708 that are assembled to perform the various operations described herein.
根據一些實施例,MAC 704可佈置來在爭奪週期期間爭奪無線媒體,以接收對媒體之控制歷時HEW控制週期且組配HEW訊框。PHY 702可佈置來傳輸HEW訊框,如以上所論述。PHY 702亦可佈置來自HEW站接收HEW訊框。MAC 704亦可佈置來經由PHY 702進行傳輸及接收操作。PHY 702可包括用於調變/解調、升頻轉換/降頻轉換、濾波、放大等等之電路。在一些實施例中,處理電路706可包括一或多個處理器。在一些實施例中,兩個或兩個以上天線可耦接至實體層電路,其佈置用於發送及接收信號,包括傳輸HEW訊框。記憶體708可儲存資訊,以用於組配處理電路706來進行用於組配及傳輸HEW訊框之操作且進行本文所述的各種操作。 According to some embodiments, the MAC 704 may be arranged to contend for the wireless medium during the contention period to receive a control over the media HEW control period and to group the HEW frames. The PHY 702 can be arranged to transmit the HEW frame as discussed above. The PHY 702 can also be arranged to receive HEW frames from the HEW station. The MAC 704 can also be arranged to transmit and receive operations via the PHY 702. PHY 702 may include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, and the like. In some embodiments, processing circuit 706 can include one or more processors. In some embodiments, two or more antennas may be coupled to a physical layer circuit that is arranged to transmit and receive signals, including transmitting HEW frames. Memory 708 can store information for use in assembly processing circuitry 706 for performing operations for assembling and transmitting HEW frames and performing the various operations described herein.
在一些實施例中,HEW裝置700可組配來使用OFDM通訊信號、經由多載波通訊通道來通訊。在一些實施例中,HEW裝置700可組配來根據諸如美國電機電子工程師學會(IEEE)標準之特定通訊標準接收信號,該等標準包括IEEE 802.11-2012、802.11n-2009及/或802.11ac-2013標準,及/或包括所建議HEW標準的用於WLAN之建議規範,儘管 在此態樣中本發明之範疇不受限制,因為其可亦適合於根據其他技術及標準來傳輸及/或接收通訊。在一些其他實施例中,HEW裝置700可組配來接收使用一或多個其他調變技術傳輸之信號,該等技術諸如展開頻譜調變(例如,直接序列分碼多重存取(DS-CDMA)及/或跳頻分碼多重存取(FH-CDMA))、分時多工(TDM)調變及/或分頻多工(FDM)調變,儘管在此態樣中實施例之範疇不受限制。 In some embodiments, HEW device 700 can be configured to communicate over a multi-carrier communication channel using OFDM communication signals. In some embodiments, HEW device 700 can be configured to receive signals in accordance with a particular communication standard, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standards, including IEEE 802.11-2012, 802.11n-2009, and/or 802.11ac- 2013 standard, and/or recommended specifications for WLAN including the proposed HEW standard, although The scope of the invention in this aspect is not limited as it may also be suitable for transmitting and/or receiving communications in accordance with other technologies and standards. In some other embodiments, HEW device 700 can be configured to receive signals transmitted using one or more other modulation techniques, such as spread spectrum modulation (eg, direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) And/or frequency hopping code division multiple access (FH-CDMA), time division multiplexing (TDM) modulation and/or frequency division multiplexing (FDM) modulation, although in this aspect the scope of the embodiment Unlimited.
在一些實施例中,HEW裝置700可為可攜式無線通訊裝置之一部分,諸如個人數位助理(PDA)、具有無線通訊能力之膝上型電腦或可攜式電腦、網路平板電腦、無線電話或智慧型電話、無線耳機、呼叫器、即時傳訊裝置、數位攝影機、存取點、電視、醫療器材(例如,心率監視器、血壓監視器等等)或可無線接收及/或傳輸資訊的其他裝置。在一些實施例中,HEW裝置700可包括以下一或多者:鍵盤、顯示器、非依電性記憶體埠、多個天線、圖形處理器、應用處理器、揚聲器及其他行動裝置元件。顯示器可為包括觸控螢幕之LCD螢幕。 In some embodiments, the HEW device 700 can be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capabilities, a web tablet, a wireless telephone. Or smart phones, wireless headsets, pagers, instant messaging devices, digital cameras, access points, televisions, medical devices (eg heart rate monitors, blood pressure monitors, etc.) or other devices that can receive and/or transmit information wirelessly Device. In some embodiments, HEW device 700 can include one or more of the following: a keyboard, a display, a non-electric memory cartridge, a plurality of antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, a speaker, and other mobile device components. The display can be an LCD screen including a touch screen.
HEW裝置700之天線可包含一或多個定向或全向天線,包括例如偶極天線、單極天線、塊狀天線、環形天線、微帶天線或適合於RF信號之傳輸的其他類型之天線。在一些多輸入多輸出(MIMO)實施例中,可將天線有效地分開以利用可發生在天線中每一者與發射台之天線之間的空間多樣性及不同的通道特性。 The antenna of HEW device 700 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, block antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some multiple input multiple output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas can be effectively separated to take advantage of the spatial diversity and different channel characteristics that can occur between each of the antennas and the antennas of the transmitting stations.
儘管HEW裝置700係例示為具有若干單獨功能 元件,但功能元件之一或多者可組合且可由軟體組配的元件(諸如包括數位信號處理器(DSP)之處理元件)及/或其他硬體元件之組合實行。例如,一些元件可包含一或多個微處理器、DSP、現場可規劃閘陣列(FPGA)、特定應用集體電路(ASIC)、射頻集體電路(RFIC)以及用於至少進行本文所述之功能的各種硬體與邏輯電路之組合。在一些實施例中,HEW裝置700之功能元件可涉及在一或多個處理元件上操作之一或多個過程。 Although the HEW device 700 is illustrated as having several separate functions Elements, but one or more of the functional elements may be combined and implemented by a combination of elements of the software, such as processing elements including a digital signal processor (DSP), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some components may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific collective circuits (ASICs), radio frequency collective circuits (RFICs), and at least for performing the functions described herein. A combination of various hardware and logic circuits. In some embodiments, the functional elements of HEW device 700 may involve operating one or more processes on one or more processing elements.
實施例可實行於硬體、韌體及軟體之一或組合中。實施例亦可實行為儲存在電腦可讀儲存裝置上之指令,該等指令可由至少一個處理器讀取且執行來進行本文所述之操作。電腦可讀儲存裝置可包括用於以可由機器(例如,電腦)讀取之形式儲存資訊之任何非暫時性機構。例如,電腦可讀儲存裝置可包括唯讀記憶體(ROM)、隨機存取記憶體(RAM)、磁碟儲存媒體、光儲存媒體、快閃記憶體裝置及其他儲存裝置及媒體。一些實施例可包括一或多個處理器且可以儲存在電腦可讀儲存裝置上之指令來組配。 Embodiments can be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Embodiments can also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer readable storage device, which can be read and executed by at least one processor for performing the operations described herein. The computer readable storage device can include any non-transitory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (eg, a computer). For example, computer readable storage devices may include read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and other storage devices and media. Some embodiments may include one or more processors and may be stored in an instruction stored on a computer readable storage device.
在一些實施例中,當HEW裝置700係組配來作為HEW站104(圖1)操作時HEW裝置之接收器可佈置來在HEW控制週期之初始部分期間接收主同步傳輸,該主同步傳輸包括單一多裝置HEW前文,此單一多裝置HEW前文佈置來發信且識別用於在HEW控制週期期間排程的多個HEW站104之多個數據欄位。接收器亦可係組配來基於多裝置HEW前文內接收的一或多個訓練欄位(例如,LTF之數量) 來判定初始通道估計值。接收器亦可組配來在HEW控制週期內接收數據欄位中之所識別數據欄位,且使用更新的通道估計值自所識別數據欄位解調數據。 In some embodiments, the receiver of the HEW device can be arranged to receive a primary synchronization transmission during an initial portion of the HEW control period when the HEW device 700 is assembled to operate as the HEW station 104 (FIG. 1), the primary synchronization transmission including In a single multi-device HEW preamble, this single multi-device HEW preamble is arranged to signal and identify multiple data fields for multiple HEW stations 104 scheduled during the HEW control period. The receivers may also be grouped to receive one or more training fields (eg, the number of LTFs) received within the multi-device HEW preamble. To determine the initial channel estimate. The receiver may also be configured to receive the identified data field in the data field during the HEW control period and demodulate the data from the identified data field using the updated channel estimate.
在一些實施例中,主站102可基於包括以下一或多者之準則來分配資源至排程HEW站104以在HEW控制週期期間使用:訊雜比(SNR)、組態、通量、要發送的數據量、公正準則及服務品質要求。主站102可在經由能力交換與主站102聯合時判定該等站是否為HEW站104或舊式站106。在一些實施例中,主站102可通知HEW站104:控制週期將根據多重存取技術用於通訊。在一些實施例中,主站102可在存在擁塞時使用控制週期,且額外根據習知Wi-Fi技術(例如,CSMA/CA)通訊。在一些實施例中,控制信號之對映可在傳輸開始時進行,以列出在控制週期期間通訊之裝置,儘管在此態樣中實施例之範疇不受限制。 In some embodiments, the primary station 102 can allocate resources to the scheduled HEW station 104 for use during the HEW control period based on criteria including one or more of the following: signal to noise ratio (SNR), configuration, throughput, The amount of data sent, the fairness criteria, and the quality of service requirements. The primary station 102 can determine whether the stations are the HEW station 104 or the legacy station 106 when combined with the primary station 102 via capability exchange. In some embodiments, the primary station 102 can notify the HEW station 104 that the control period will be used for communication in accordance with multiple access techniques. In some embodiments, the primary station 102 can use the control period in the presence of congestion and additionally communicate in accordance with conventional Wi-Fi technologies (eg, CSMA/CA). In some embodiments, the mapping of the control signals can be performed at the beginning of the transmission to list the devices that communicate during the control period, although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this aspect.
圖8例示根據一些實施例的用於以增加的資訊位元進行HEW通訊之程序。程序800可藉由存取點進行,該存取點組配來作為主站操作,諸如作為用於HEW通訊之主站102(圖1)操作。在操作802中,方法可包括組配HEW訊框以包括舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)、L-SIG後接的HEW信號欄位(HEW SIG-A)及HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位。在操作804中,方法可包括組配L-SIG 406來使用舊有數量之數據子載波、舊有數量之導頻子載波及由已知參考序列調變的一定數量之額外的參考子載波進行傳輸。在操作806中,方法可包括組配HEW SIG-A之至少一個符號及HEW訊框 中HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位,以使用額外的數據子載波進行傳輸。額外的數據子載波可對應於L-SIG之額外的參考子載波。在操作808中,方法可包括傳輸所組配的HEW訊框。訊框可在HEW控制週期期間傳輸,在HEW控制週期期間可發生OFDMA通訊。 FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for HEW communication with increased information bits, in accordance with some embodiments. The process 800 can be performed by an access point that is configured to operate as a primary station, such as as a primary station 102 (FIG. 1) for HEW communication. In operation 802, the method may include assembling the HEW frame to include a legacy signal field (L-SIG), a HEW signal field followed by the L-SIG (HEW SIG-A), and a HEW SIG-A followed by Or multiple HEW fields. In operation 804, the method can include assembling the L-SIG 406 to use the old number of data subcarriers, the old number of pilot subcarriers, and a certain number of additional reference subcarriers modulated by a known reference sequence. transmission. In operation 806, the method can include assembling at least one symbol of the HEW SIG-A and the HEW frame One or more HEW fields followed by the HEW SIG-A to transmit using additional data subcarriers. The additional data subcarriers may correspond to additional reference subcarriers of the L-SIG. In operation 808, the method can include transmitting the assembled HEW frame. The frame can be transmitted during the HEW control period, and OFDMA communication can occur during the HEW control period.
在一個實例中,存取點係組配來作為用於高效能WLAN(HEW)通訊之主站操作。存取點包含硬體處理電路,用於組配HEW訊框以包括舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)、L-SIG後接的HEW信號欄位(HEW SIG-A)及HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位。在此實例中,L-SIG係組配來使用舊有數量之數據子載波、舊有數量之導頻子載波及由已知參考序列調變的一定數量之額外的參考子載波進行傳輸。在此實例中,HEW SIG-A之至少一個符號及HEW訊框中HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位係組配來使用額外的數據子載波進行傳輸,額外的數據子載波對應於L-SIG之額外的參考子載波。 In one example, the access points are grouped to operate as a primary station for high performance WLAN (HEW) communications. The access point includes a hardware processing circuit for assembling the HEW frame to include the legacy signal field (L-SIG), the HEW signal field (HEW SIG-A) followed by the L-SIG, and the HEW SIG-A. One or more HEW fields. In this example, the L-SIG is configured to transmit using the old number of data subcarriers, the old number of pilot subcarriers, and a certain number of additional reference subcarriers modulated by known reference sequences. In this example, at least one symbol of the HEW SIG-A and one or more HEW fields following the HEW SIG-A in the HEW frame are combined to transmit using additional data subcarriers, additional data subcarriers. An additional reference subcarrier corresponding to the L-SIG.
在另一實例中,對於20MHz通道而言,數據子載波之舊有數量可為四十八個,導頻子載波之舊有數量可為四個,且由已知參考序列調變之額外的子載波之數量可為四個,總共六十四個子載波,包括空子載波。在此實例中,HEW SIG-A後接的HEW數據欄位之數據子載波之數量為五十二個。 In another example, for a 20 MHz channel, the number of data subcarriers may be forty-eight, the number of pilot subcarriers may be four, and additional subcarriers modulated by known reference sequences. The number can be four, for a total of sixty-four subcarriers, including null subcarriers. In this example, the number of data subcarriers of the HEW data field followed by the HEW SIG-A is fifty-two.
在另一實例中,HEW訊框進一步包括先於L-SIG的舊式長訓練欄位(L-LTF)。在此實例中,硬體處理電路係 組配來以56/52之因子定標L-SIG之全子載波功率分配。 In another example, the HEW frame further includes an old long training field (L-LTF) prior to the L-SIG. In this example, the hardware processing circuit It is configured to scale the full subcarrier power allocation of the L-SIG by a factor of 56/52.
在另一實例中,對於20MHz通道而言,導頻子載波位於相對於DC子載波的位置-21、-7、7、21處,且額外的參考子載波位於相對於DC子載波的位置-28、-27、27、28處。 In another example, for a 20 MHz channel, the pilot subcarriers are located at positions -21, -7, 7, 21 relative to the DC subcarriers, and the additional reference subcarriers are located relative to the DC subcarriers - 28, -27, 27, 28 places.
在另一實例中,在L-SIG之額外的參考子載波上調變的已知參考序列係藉由接收HEW站用於通道估計,以允許接收HEW站解調且解碼HEW SIG-A之額外的數據子載波及HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位之額外的數據子載波。 In another example, the known reference sequence modulated on the additional reference subcarriers of the L-SIG is used by the receiving HEW station for channel estimation to allow the receiving HEW station to demodulate and decode the additional HEW SIG-A. Data subcarriers and additional data subcarriers of one or more HEW fields followed by HEW SIG-A.
在另一實例中,硬體處理電路係組配來以B/A之因子將L-SIG之全子載波功率分配定標,其中A為數據子載波之舊有數量加導頻子載波之舊有數量,且B為數據子載波之舊有數量加導頻子載波之舊有數量加額外的子載波之數量。 In another example, the hardware processing circuitry is configured to scale the full subcarrier power allocation of the L-SIG by a factor of B/A, where A is the old number of pilot subcarriers of the data subcarrier. There is a quantity, and B is the number of old quantity plus pilot subcarriers of the data subcarrier plus the number of additional subcarriers.
在另一實例中,HEW訊框中HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位包括:HEW數據欄位;以及先於包括用於一或多個HEW站之排程資訊的HEW排程欄位(HEW-SCH),該等HEW站經排程以在數據欄位期間根據排程正交分頻多重存取(OFDMA)技術與存取點通訊。 In another example, one or more HEW fields following the HEW SIG-A in the HEW frame include: HEW data fields; and HEW rows prior to scheduling information including one or more HEW stations The field field (HEW-SCH), which is scheduled to communicate with the access point during the data field according to the Scheduled Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technique.
在另一實例中,HEW SIG-A至少包含第一符號(HEW SIG-A1)及第二符號(HEW SIG-A2)。在此實例中,藉由HEW SIG-A1運載的資訊位元對映於舊式數據子載波,且HEW SIG-A1之導頻子載波對映於舊式導頻子載波。在此實 例中,HEW SIG-A1之額外的參考子載波由已知參考序列調變。在此實例中,藉由HEW SIG-A2運載的資訊位元對映於數據子載波及額外的參考子載波。在此實例中,HEW SIG-A2之導頻子載波對映於舊式導頻子載波。 In another example, the HEW SIG-A includes at least a first symbol (HEW SIG-A1) and a second symbol (HEW SIG-A2). In this example, the information bits carried by the HEW SIG-A1 are mapped to the legacy data subcarriers, and the pilot subcarriers of the HEW SIG-A1 are mapped to the legacy pilot subcarriers. In this In the example, the additional reference subcarriers of HEW SIG-A1 are modulated by a known reference sequence. In this example, the information bits carried by the HEW SIG-A2 are mapped to the data subcarriers and the additional reference subcarriers. In this example, the pilot subcarriers of HEW SIG-A2 are mapped to legacy pilot subcarriers.
在另一實例中,當存取點作為主站操作時,存取點可組配來:在爭奪週期期間爭奪無線媒體,以接收對媒體之控制歷時HEW控制週期;且在HEW控制週期期間傳輸HEW,其中在HEW控制週期期間,主站具有無線媒體之互斥使用,以用於根據基於非爭奪多重存取技術與排程HEW站通訊。 In another example, when the access point operates as a primary station, the access points can be configured to compete for wireless media during the contention period to receive control over the medium for the duration of the HEW control period; and during the HEW control period HEW, wherein during the HEW control period, the primary station has a mutually exclusive use of wireless media for communicating with the scheduled HEW station in accordance with a non-contention based multiple access technique.
在另一實例中,當存取點作為主站操作時,存取點可佈置來:在HEW控制週期內傳輸多工傳輸至多個排程HEW站中之每一者的下行鏈路數據,來自每一排程站之該下行鏈路數據對應於一個鏈路且包含一或多個串流;或在HEW控制週期內接收自多個排程HEW站多工傳輸的上行鏈路數據,來自每一排程站之該上行鏈路數據對應於一個鏈路且包含一或多個串流,且包括在HEW前文之LTF部分中的LTF之數量;包括HEW排程欄位(HEW-SCH)以後接於LTF部分;且組配HEW訊框以包括先於HEW前文之舊式前文。 In another example, when the access point operates as a primary station, the access point can be arranged to: transmit downlink data for each of the plurality of scheduled HEW stations transmitted during the HEW control period, from The downlink data of each scheduling station corresponds to one link and includes one or more streams; or uplink data received from multiple scheduled HEW stations for multiplex transmission in the HEW control period, from each The uplink data of a scheduled station corresponds to one link and includes one or more streams, and includes the number of LTFs in the LTF part of the HEW preamble; including the HEW scheduling field (HEW-SCH) Connected to the LTF section; and the HEW frame is assembled to include the old preamble prior to the HEW preamble.
在另一實例中,通訊站組配來用於高效能WLAN(HEW)通訊,該站包含硬體處理電路,其組配來接收HEW訊框,該HEW訊框至少包括舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)、L-SIG後接的HEW信號欄位(HEW SIG-A)及HEW SIG-A後接的一 或多個HEW欄位。在此實例中,L-SIG使用舊有數量之數據子載波、舊有數量之導頻子載波及由已知參考序列調變的一定數量之額外的參考子載波。在此實例中,HEW SIG-A之至少一個符號及HEW訊框中HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位係組配來使用額外的數據子載波進行傳輸,額外的數據子載波對應於L-SIG之額外的參考子載波。在此實例中,存取點可解碼L-SIG之數據子載波以判定長度及速率資訊,自已知參考序列計算L-SIG之額外的參考子載波之通道估計值,以及利用通道估計值來解碼HEW SIG-A之至少一個符號與HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位之額外的數據子載波。 In another example, the communication station is configured for high performance WLAN (HEW) communication, the station includes a hardware processing circuit that is configured to receive an HEW frame, the HEW frame including at least an old signal field (L) -SIG), HEW signal field (HEW SIG-A) followed by L-SIG and one followed by HEW SIG-A Or multiple HEW fields. In this example, the L-SIG uses the old number of data subcarriers, the old number of pilot subcarriers, and a certain number of additional reference subcarriers modulated by known reference sequences. In this example, at least one symbol of the HEW SIG-A and one or more HEW fields following the HEW SIG-A in the HEW frame are combined to transmit using additional data subcarriers, additional data subcarriers. An additional reference subcarrier corresponding to the L-SIG. In this example, the access point can decode the data subcarriers of the L-SIG to determine length and rate information, calculate channel estimates for additional reference subcarriers of the L-SIG from known reference sequences, and decode using channel estimates At least one symbol of the HEW SIG-A is an additional data subcarrier of one or more HEW fields followed by the HEW SIG-A.
在另一實例中,通訊站可進一步組配來避免解碼L-SIG之額外的參考子載波。 In another example, the communication station can be further configured to avoid decoding additional reference subcarriers of the L-SIG.
在另一實例中,通訊站係組配來利用自舊式訓練欄位判定的通道估計值來解碼HEW SIG-A之數據子載波,HEW SIG-A之數據子載波對應於L-SIG之數據子載波。 In another example, the communication station is configured to decode the data subcarriers of the HEW SIG-A using channel estimates determined from the old training field, and the data subcarriers of the HEW SIG-A correspond to the data of the L-SIG. Carrier.
在另一實例中,通訊站可進一步組配來判定所接收訊框是否為HEW訊框或舊式訊框,此係基於L-SIG之長度欄位中之值是否可由三整除,或基於應用於後續信號欄位之第一及第二符號之BPSK調變的相位旋轉。 In another example, the communication station can be further configured to determine whether the received frame is an HEW frame or a legacy frame, based on whether the value in the length field of the L-SIG is divisible by three, or based on The phase rotation of the BPSK modulation of the first and second symbols of the subsequent signal field.
在另一實例中,HEW SIG-A至少包含第一符號(HEW SIG-A1)及第二符號(HEW SIG-A2)。在此實例中,藉由HEW SIG-A1運載的資訊位元對映於舊式數據子載波,HEW SIG-A1之導頻子載波對映於舊式導頻子載波。在此實 例中,HEW SIG-A1之額外的參考子載波由已知參考序列調變。在此實例中,藉由HEW SIG-A2運載的資訊位元對映於數據子載波及額外的參考子載波。在此實例中,HEW SIG-A2之導頻子載波對映於舊式導頻子載波。在此實例中,通訊站係組配來利用HEW SIG-A1之額外的參考子載波及L-SIG之額外的參考子載波以供通道估計;且基於自L-LTF、L-SIG及HEW SIG-A1獲得的通道估計值來解碼HEW SIG-A2。 In another example, the HEW SIG-A includes at least a first symbol (HEW SIG-A1) and a second symbol (HEW SIG-A2). In this example, the information bits carried by the HEW SIG-A1 are mapped to the legacy data subcarriers, and the pilot subcarriers of the HEW SIG-A1 are mapped to the legacy pilot subcarriers. In this In the example, the additional reference subcarriers of HEW SIG-A1 are modulated by a known reference sequence. In this example, the information bits carried by the HEW SIG-A2 are mapped to the data subcarriers and the additional reference subcarriers. In this example, the pilot subcarriers of HEW SIG-A2 are mapped to legacy pilot subcarriers. In this example, the communication station is configured to utilize additional reference subcarriers of HEW SIG-A1 and additional reference subcarriers of the L-SIG for channel estimation; and based on self-L-LTF, L-SIG, and HEW SIG -A1 obtained channel estimate to decode HEW SIG-A2.
在另一實例中,用於高效能WLAN(HEW)通訊的方法包含:組配HEW訊框以包括舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)、L-SIG後接的HEW信號欄位(HEW SIG-A)及HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位;以及其中該L-SIG係組配來使用舊有數量之數據子載波、舊有數量之導頻子載波及由已知參考序列調變的一定數量之額外的參考子載波進行傳輸,且其中HEW SIG-A之至少一個符號及HEW訊框中HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位係組配來使用額外的數據子載波進行傳輸,額外的數據子載波對應於L-SIG之額外的參考子載波。 In another example, a method for high performance WLAN (HEW) communication includes: assembling an HEW frame to include a legacy signal field (L-SIG), and an HEW signal field followed by an L-SIG (HEW SIG- A) one or more HEW fields followed by HEW SIG-A; and wherein the L-SIG is configured to use the old number of data subcarriers, the old number of pilot subcarriers, and known references A certain number of additional reference subcarriers of the sequence modulation are transmitted, and wherein at least one symbol of the HEW SIG-A and one or more HEW fields following the HEW SIG-A in the HEW frame are combined to use an additional The data subcarriers are transmitted, and the additional data subcarriers correspond to additional reference subcarriers of the L-SIG.
在另一實例中,對於20MHz通道而言,數據子載波之舊有數量為四十八個,導頻子載波之舊有數量為四個,且由已知參考序列調變之額外的子載波之數量為四個,總共六十四個子載波,包括空子載波。在此實例中,HEW SIG-A後接的HEW數據欄位之數據子載波之數量為五十二 個。在此實例中,對於20MHz通道而言,導頻子載波位於相對於DC子載波的位置-21、-7、7、21處,且額外的參考子載波位於相對於DC子載波的位置-28、-27、27、28處。 In another example, for a 20 MHz channel, the number of data subcarriers is forty-eight, the number of pilot subcarriers is four, and the number of additional subcarriers modulated by a known reference sequence. There are four, a total of sixty-four subcarriers, including null subcarriers. In this example, the number of data subcarriers in the HEW data field followed by HEW SIG-A is fifty-two. One. In this example, for a 20 MHz channel, the pilot subcarriers are located at positions -21, -7, 7, 21 relative to the DC subcarriers, and the additional reference subcarriers are located at positions -28 relative to the DC subcarriers. , -27, 27, 28 places.
在另一實例中,在L-SIG之額外的參考子載波上調變的已知參考序列係藉由接收HEW站用於通道估計,以允許接收HEW站解調且解碼HEW SIG-A之額外的數據子載波及HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位之額外的數據子載波。 In another example, the known reference sequence modulated on the additional reference subcarriers of the L-SIG is used by the receiving HEW station for channel estimation to allow the receiving HEW station to demodulate and decode the additional HEW SIG-A. Data subcarriers and additional data subcarriers of one or more HEW fields followed by HEW SIG-A.
在另一實例中,提供非暫時性電腦可讀儲存介質,其儲存指令以藉由存取點之一或多個處理器執行,以便進行用於高效能WLAN(HEW)通訊之操作。在此實例中,組配存取點之操作用於:組配HEW訊框以包括舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)、L-SIG後接的HEW信號欄位(HEW SIG-A)及HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位。在此實例中,L-SIG係組配來使用舊有數量之數據子載波、舊有數量之導頻子載波及由已知參考序列調變的一定數量之額外的參考子載波進行傳輸。在此實例中,HEW SIG-A之至少一個符號及HEW訊框中HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位係組配來使用額外的數據子載波進行傳輸,額外的數據子載波對應於L-SIG之額外的參考子載波。 In another example, a non-transitory computer readable storage medium is provided that stores instructions for execution by one or more processors of an access point for operation for high performance WLAN (HEW) communication. In this example, the operation of the group access point is used to: assemble the HEW frame to include the legacy signal field (L-SIG), the HEW signal field (HEW SIG-A) followed by the L-SIG, and the HEW. One or more HEW fields followed by SIG-A. In this example, the L-SIG is configured to transmit using the old number of data subcarriers, the old number of pilot subcarriers, and a certain number of additional reference subcarriers modulated by known reference sequences. In this example, at least one symbol of the HEW SIG-A and one or more HEW fields following the HEW SIG-A in the HEW frame are combined to transmit using additional data subcarriers, additional data subcarriers. An additional reference subcarrier corresponding to the L-SIG.
在另一實例中,在L-SIG之額外的參考子載波上調變的已知參考序列係藉由接收HEW站用於通道估計,以允許接收HEW站解調且解碼HEW SIG-A之額外的數據子載波及HEW SIG-A後接的一或多個HEW欄位之額外的數 據子載波。 In another example, the known reference sequence modulated on the additional reference subcarriers of the L-SIG is used by the receiving HEW station for channel estimation to allow the receiving HEW station to demodulate and decode the additional HEW SIG-A. Additional number of data subcarriers and one or more HEW fields followed by HEW SIG-A According to the subcarrier.
提供摘要來遵守37 C.F.R.章節1.72(b),其要求將允許讀者確定本技術揭示內容之性質及要旨的摘要。應當理解為摘要將不用來限制或闡釋申請專利範圍之範疇或意義。以下申請專利範圍據此併入詳細描述中,其中每一申請專利範圍自身即為獨立實施例。 The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. Section 1.72(b), which requires the reader to determine an abstract of the nature and gist of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the abstract will not be used to limit or clarify the scope or meaning of the scope of the claims. The scope of the following patent application is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety herein
202‧‧‧舊式短訓練欄位(L-STF) 202‧‧‧Old Short Training Field (L-STF)
204‧‧‧舊式長訓練欄位(L-LTF)/L-LTF 204‧‧‧Old Long Training Field (L-LTF)/L-LTF
400‧‧‧HEW訊框 400‧‧‧HEW frame
406‧‧‧舊式信號欄位(L-SIG)/L-SIG/參考子載波L-SIG 406‧‧ Old Signal Field (L-SIG)/L-SIG/Reference Subcarrier L-SIG
408‧‧‧HEW信號欄位(HEW SIG-A)/HEW SIG-A 408‧‧‧HEW Signal Field (HEW SIG-A)/HEW SIG-A
408A‧‧‧第一符號(HEW SIG-A1)/HEW SIG-A1 408A‧‧‧First symbol (HEW SIG-A1)/HEW SIG-A1
408B‧‧‧第二符號(HEW SIG-A2) 408B‧‧‧Second symbol (HEW SIG-A2)
410‧‧‧HEW-STF 410‧‧‧HEW-STF
414‧‧‧HEW排程欄位(HEW-SCH)/HEW-SCH 414‧‧‧HEW Scheduling Field (HEW-SCH)/HEW-SCH
416‧‧‧HEW數據欄位/數據欄位 416‧‧‧HEW data field/data field
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