TW201627631A - Device and method for measuring three-dimensional images of tunnel deformation - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring three-dimensional images of tunnel deformation Download PDFInfo
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本發明係有關於一種隧道變形之立體影像量測方法及其裝置，尤其是指一種利用簡易數位攝像機配合旋轉機座裝置進行隧道三維變形量測，藉以光學影像轉換3D點雲資料，以建置隧道三維尺寸資訊技術，達成隧道變形的監測為首要創作應用者。The invention relates to a stereoscopic image measuring method and device for tunnel deformation, in particular to a three-dimensional deformation measurement of a tunnel by using a simple digital camera and a rotating base device, thereby converting 3D point cloud data by optical image to construct The three-dimensional information technology of the tunnel and the monitoring of tunnel deformation are the primary authors.
按，隧道的三維尺寸可作為隧道變形的基準資料，以不同時期所得隧道的三維尺寸，進行襯砌結構位置比對就可分析隧道之變形量。而隧道變形主要係受到外力的變化而產生，這些外力來源主要來自於鬆動土壓、突發性崩壞、側向壓力、膨脹性土壓、承載力的不足和水壓等，其所造成之隧道變形行為。According to the three-dimensional size of the tunnel, it can be used as the reference data for the deformation of the tunnel. The deformation of the tunnel can be analyzed by comparing the three-dimensional dimensions of the tunnel obtained in different periods. The deformation of the tunnel is mainly caused by the change of external force. The source of these external forces mainly comes from loose earth pressure, sudden collapse, lateral pressure, expansive soil pressure, insufficient bearing capacity and water pressure. Tunnel deformation behavior.
前述影響因素對隧道襯砌造成的危害，可評定已完工之隧道的安全等級。隧道襯砌的變形量值，係安全評估的重要因子之一。工程上當襯砌變形速率大於一定值時，即需重點監視，或必需儘速予以處理。換言之，襯砌變形的監測，為隧道安全檢測作業的重要項目。The damage caused by the aforementioned influencing factors to the tunnel lining can be used to assess the safety level of the completed tunnel. The deformation value of the tunnel lining is one of the important factors for safety assessment. When the deformation rate of the lining is greater than a certain value in the project, it is necessary to focus on monitoring, or it must be handled as soon as possible. In other words, the monitoring of lining deformation is an important item for tunnel safety inspection operations.
然而，隧道是一種狹長的空間，一般採用導線測量作為平面測量方法，然後以其所得導線點座標，配合在隧道內進行斷面測量，斷面測量應用於隧道變形量測的步驟如下：However, the tunnel is a long and narrow space. Generally, the wire measurement is used as the plane measurement method, and then the obtained wire point coordinates are used to carry out the section measurement in the tunnel. The steps of the section measurement applied to the tunnel deformation measurement are as follows:
（一）導線測量(1) Traverse measurement
1.控制點與導線點的選擇與佈設：在控制點的選擇部分，可為已知NE 座標與精度的點位或永久的固定點位。導線測量的控制點至少需要兩點，最理想的狀況是在隧道兩端各有兩個控制點。導線點的選擇與佈設，通常以相鄰的導線點間，必需能夠互相通視為依據，並將隧道兩端的控制點連接在一起。1. Selection and layout of control points and conductor points: In the selection part of the control point, it can be a point or permanent fixed point of known NE coordinates and precision. The control point for the traverse needs at least two points. The ideal situation is to have two control points at each end of the tunnel. The selection and layout of the conductor points, usually between adjacent conductor points, must be considered as a basis for each other, and the control points at both ends of the tunnel are connected together.
2.進行導線測量：逐點進行導線點的測量，觀測上一導線點與下一導線點之間的夾角與距離。2. Conduct wire measurement: measure the wire point point by point and observe the angle and distance between the previous wire point and the next wire point.
3.計算導線點座標：經由平差計算後求得每一個導線點的座標。3. Calculate the coordinates of the wire points: Calculate the coordinates of each wire point after the calculation of the adjustment.
（二）斷面測量(2) Section measurement
1.在斷面上佈設標點（反射貼片）：將標點佈設在欲求得斷面資料之處，作為測量照準標示之用。標點可用覘標、稜鏡、反射貼片或簡易記號用來標示。1. Place punctuation (reflective patch) on the section: Place the punctuation on the section where the data is to be obtained, as the measurement reference mark. Punctuation can be marked with a logo, a slap, a reflective patch, or a simple marker.
2.在導線點上對標點進行測量：將儀器架設於導線點上，對未知點進行測量求得角度與距離資料。2. Measure the punctuation at the wire point: erect the instrument on the wire point and measure the unknown point to obtain the angle and distance data.
3.計算每個標點的座標：利用角度與距離資料求得未知點的座標。3. Calculate the coordinates of each punctuation: use the angle and distance data to find the coordinates of the unknown point.
經由不同時間以相同方式進行尺寸量測，並將量測數據加以記錄，可以作為隧道變形比對依據。Dimensional measurement is performed in the same manner through different times, and the measurement data is recorded, which can be used as a basis for tunnel deformation comparison.
而上述傳統隧道的施工測量及安全檢測多以全測站儀施測，並以隧道之斷面測量為主。由於傳統斷面測量的方法取樣數量有限，且取樣點的擷取仍需依賴經驗判斷。往往測量施工之品質的控制隨人員素質不定而無法掌握。常需加測斷面數據以彌補。但是施工測量所耗費之人力時間及經費卻因此大量增加，不符合經濟效益，且施測的成果優劣亦屬變數，可改進的空間非常大。而且倘若施工期間對於地質岩層分布與結構的紀錄不夠詳實，對於未來檢修、改建將造成不便。The construction survey and safety inspection of the above traditional tunnels are mostly measured by the whole station, and the section measurement of the tunnel is mainly used. Since the method of traditional section measurement has a limited number of samples, and the sampling point is still subject to empirical judgment. Often the quality of the construction is measured and the quality of the personnel is uncertain and cannot be mastered. It is often necessary to add cross-sectional data to make up for it. However, the labor time and funds spent on construction surveys have increased significantly, which is not in line with economic benefits, and the results of the surveys are also variable, and the space for improvement is very large. Moreover, if the records of the distribution and structure of geological rock layers during construction are not detailed enough, it will cause inconvenience for future maintenance and reconstruction.
緣是，發明人秉持多年該相關行業之豐富設計開發及實際製作經驗，針對現有之結構再予以研究改良，提供一種隧道變形之立體影像量測方法及其裝置，特別提出以光學影像，轉換3D點雲資料，以建置隧道三維尺寸資訊技術達成改善上述的缺點，達到更佳實用價值性之目的者。The reason is that the inventor has been rich in design and development and practical production experience of the relevant industry for many years, and has researched and improved the existing structure to provide a three-dimensional image measuring method and device for tunnel deformation, especially to convert optical images into 3D. Point cloud data, to achieve the purpose of improving the above shortcomings and achieving better practical value by constructing the three-dimensional information technology of the tunnel.
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種隧道變形之立體影像量測方法及其裝置，為一種利用簡易數位攝像機配合旋轉機座裝置進行隧道三維變形量測，藉以光學影像轉換3D點雲資料，以建置隧道三維尺寸資訊技術，達成隧道變形的監測為目的者。The main object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic image measuring method and device for tunnel deformation, which is a three-dimensional deformation measurement of a tunnel using a simple digital camera and a rotating base device, thereby converting 3D point cloud data by optical image to construct The three-dimensional information technology of the tunnel is aimed at monitoring the deformation of the tunnel.
本發明隧道變形之立體影像量測裝置之主要目的與功效，係由以下具體技術手段所達成：The main purpose and effect of the stereoscopic image measuring device for tunnel deformation of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means:
其主要包含有一影像擷取組、一圖案投射組及一控制組，其中該影像擷取組為將一攝像機架設於一可垂直方向旋轉及水平方向旋轉的機座上，而該圖案投射組為將特徵投影部件投影至欲拍攝物件，以讓攝像機經旋轉調整各種拍攝角度，擷取不同角度數位影像，再經由控制組整合完成一立體影像的量測；藉此，The image capture group includes a image capture group, a pattern projection group and a control group. The image capture group is configured to mount a camera on a base that can rotate in a vertical direction and rotate in a horizontal direction, and the pattern projection group is a feature. The projection component is projected onto the object to be photographed, so that the camera can be rotated to adjust various shooting angles, digital images of different angles are captured, and a stereoscopic image is measured through the control group integration; thereby,
如上所述之隧道變形之立體影像量測裝置，其中該機座端面對應樞設一第一框體，該第一框體可相對機座作水平方向旋轉，再於該第一框體兩端對應樞組一第二框體，該第二框體用來固定攝像機，且於第一框體一端設有一軸桿，可控制第二框體相對第一框體呈垂直方向旋轉者。The stereoscopic image measuring device for tunnel deformation as described above, wherein a first frame body is pivotally disposed on the end surface of the base, and the first frame body is horizontally rotatable relative to the base frame, and then at both ends of the first frame body Corresponding to the second frame of the pivot group, the second frame is used for fixing the camera, and a shaft is arranged at one end of the first frame to control the rotation of the second frame in a vertical direction relative to the first frame.
如上所述之隧道變形之立體影像量測裝置，其中該控制組進一步包含一處理影像資料的處理器及一顯示影像量測結果的顯示單元者。The stereoscopic image measuring device for tunnel deformation as described above, wherein the control group further comprises a processor for processing image data and a display unit for displaying image measurement results.
如上所述之隧道變形之立體影像量測裝置，其中該影像擷取組可調整的垂直方向旋轉角度為0~300∘之間者。The stereoscopic image measuring device for tunnel deformation as described above, wherein the image capturing group is adjustable in a vertical direction of rotation between 0 and 300 。.
如上所述之隧道變形之立體影像量測裝置，其中該機座下方設有可調整高度的腳架者。The stereoscopic image measuring device for tunnel deformation as described above, wherein a height-adjustable stand is provided below the base.
本發明隧道變形之立體影像量測方法主要目的與功效，係由以下具體技術手段所達成：The main purpose and effect of the stereoscopic image measuring method for tunnel deformation of the present invention are achieved by the following specific technical means:
其主要利用一影像擷取組架設在欲進行量測的隧道內，且位於一定點處，再透過一圖案投射組的光源直接將特徵投影部件投射於隧道襯砌上而顯示特徵圖案，續經調整影像擷取組水平與垂直方向旋轉的拍攝角度而進行區塊式擷取影像，且讓每一次擷取之影像與前次擷取之影像形成部分的重疊區域，之後，再將拍攝整體隧道之多重重疊影像，經一控制組整合分析，而能獲得三維立體影像與隧道變形量數據者。The utility model mainly uses an image capturing group to be installed in the tunnel to be measured, and is located at a certain point, and then directly projects the feature projection component onto the tunnel lining through a light source of a pattern projection group to display the feature pattern, and continues to adjust the image. The block-type image is captured by capturing the shooting angle of the group horizontally and vertically, and each captured image forms a partial overlapping area with the previously captured image, and then multiple overlapping of the overall tunnel is taken. The image can be obtained through a control group integration analysis, and can obtain three-dimensional image and tunnel deformation data.
如上所述之隧道變形之立體影像量測方法，其中每一影像與相鄰影像之定值重疊區域至少60%以上The stereoscopic image measuring method for tunnel deformation as described above, wherein each image overlaps with a fixed value of adjacent images by at least 60% or more
如上所述之隧道變形之立體影像量測方法，其中該特徵投影部件可為由二組不同幾何圖形，依不同角度及數量所構成的特徵圖案者。The stereoscopic image measuring method for tunnel deformation as described above, wherein the feature projecting component can be a feature pattern composed of two different sets of geometric figures and different angles and numbers.
為令本發明所運用之技術內容、發明目的及其達成之功效有更完整且清楚的揭露，茲於下詳細說明之，並請一併參閱所揭之圖式及圖號：For a more complete and clear disclosure of the technical content, the purpose of the invention and the effects thereof achieved by the present invention, it is explained in detail below, and please refer to the drawings and drawings:
首先，請參閱第一圖所示，為本發明之隧道變形之立體影像量測裝置整體示意圖，主要為運用於檢測隧道變形的量測裝置，該裝置包含有：First, referring to the first figure, the overall schematic diagram of the stereoscopic image measuring device for tunnel deformation according to the present invention is mainly a measuring device used for detecting tunnel deformation, and the device comprises:
一影像擷取組（１），為由一攝像機（１１）對應架設於一可呈垂直方向旋轉及水平方向旋轉的機座（１２）上；進一步該機座（１２）端面對應樞設一第一框體（１２１），該第一框體（１２１）可相對機座作水平方向旋轉，再於該第一框體（１２１）兩端對應樞組一第二框體（１２２），該第二框體（１２２）用來固定攝像機（１１），且於第一框體（１２１）一端設有一軸桿（１２３），可控制第二框體（１２２）相對第一框體（１２１）呈垂直方向旋轉。An image capturing group (1) is mounted on a base (12) that can be rotated in a vertical direction and rotated in a horizontal direction by a camera (11); further, the end surface of the base (12) is pivotally connected to the first a frame body (121), the first frame body (121) is horizontally rotatable relative to the base, and the second frame body (122) is corresponding to the pivot frame at both ends of the first frame body (121), the second frame The frame body (122) is used for fixing the camera (11), and a shaft (123) is disposed at one end of the first frame body (121), and the second frame body (122) is controlled to be perpendicular to the first frame body (121). Direction rotation.
一圖案投射組（２），為設置在影像擷取組（１）一側，其係設有一特徵投影部件（２１），於特徵投影部件（２１）內設有一光源（２２），以藉由光源（２２）將特徵投影部件（２１）投射在待量測物件上；及a pattern projection group (2) is disposed on one side of the image capturing group (1), and is provided with a feature projection component (21), and a light source (22) is disposed in the feature projection component (21) to be used by the light source (22) projecting the feature projection component (21) onto the object to be measured; and
一控制組（３），為對應連結影像擷取組（１），用以接收控制影像擷取組（１）拍攝隧道上之特徵投影部件（２１）的影像資料，且經整合處理而顯示影像量測結果；進一步該控制組（３）包含一處理影像資料的處理器（３１）及一顯示影像量測結果的顯示單元（３２）者。A control group (3) is a corresponding connected image capturing group (1) for receiving image data of the feature image capturing component (21) of the control image capturing group (1), and displaying the image measurement by integration processing As a result, the control group (3) further includes a processor (31) for processing image data and a display unit (32) for displaying image measurement results.
請參閱第二~六圖所示，為本發明步驟流程示意圖，當實際操作裝置進行隧道變形檢測時，所實施之步驟如下：Please refer to the second to sixth figures, which are schematic diagrams of the steps of the present invention. When the actual operating device performs tunnel deformation detection, the steps are as follows:
(S1)將影像擷取組（１）架設在隧道內的一定點處；(S1) erecting the image capturing group (1) at a certain point in the tunnel;
(S2)透過一設置在影像擷取組（１）一側之圖案投射組（２）的光源，直接將特徵投影部件（２１）投射於隧道襯砌上；(S2) directly projecting the feature projection member (21) onto the tunnel lining through a light source of the pattern projection group (2) disposed on one side of the image capturing group (1);
(S3)經由調整影像擷取組（１）水平與垂直方向旋轉的拍攝角度，以讓影像擷取組（１）之攝像機（１１）以區塊式擷取分佈在隧道襯砌上之特徵投影部件（２１）的影像，且每一次擷取之影像與前次擷取之影像有定值重疊區域，依此將隧道該定點處周圍所拍攝之多重重疊影像傳輸至一控制組（３）；(S3) The image capturing angle of the image capturing group (1) is rotated horizontally and vertically by adjusting the image capturing group (1) so that the camera (11) of the image capturing group (1) captures the feature projection component distributed on the tunnel lining in a block manner (21) Image, and each captured image has a fixed value overlap with the previously captured image, thereby transmitting the multiple overlapping images captured around the fixed point of the tunnel to a control group (3);
(S4)續將影像擷取組（１）位移架設在隧道內相鄰前一定點一定值距離的位置處，以形成下一定點，而此定點之左右距離與前一定點相同，之後，再重複(S2)~(S3)步驟；(S4) Continue to set the image capturing group (1) to a position at a certain distance from the adjacent point in the tunnel to form a certain point, and the left and right distances of the fixed point are the same as the previous fixed point, and then repeat (S2)~(S3) steps;
(S5)續重複(S4)步驟至整個隧道拍攝完成；(S5) repeating the (S4) step until the entire tunnel is completed;
(S6)將所拍攝之多重重疊影像經控制組（３）整合分析，而能獲得三維立體影像與隧道變形量數據者。(S6) The captured multiple overlapping images are integrated and analyzed by the control group (3), and the three-dimensional stereo image and the tunnel deformation amount data can be obtained.
首先，請參閱第七圖所示，本發明採用圖案投射組（２）的光源（２２）直接將特徵投影部件（２１）投射於隧道襯砌上，其主要係因為傳統隧道襯砌表面因表層常塗佈油漆，而造成在嵌接影像時，會遇到識別性能下降問題。因此，達成立體分析的首要工作，主要是能提供足夠的特徵於隧道上，故利用圖案投射組（２）直接將特徵投影部件（２１）投射於隧道襯砌上，讓攝像機由相鄰的影像與相鄰的重疊影像間，可以辨識出相同的特徵點；相對地，為了建構隧道三維尺寸具有足夠的精確度，其特徵點的數目相對增多。First, referring to the seventh figure, the present invention directly projects the feature projection component (21) onto the tunnel lining by using the light source (22) of the pattern projection group (2), mainly because the conventional tunnel lining surface is often coated by the surface layer. The cloth is painted, which causes a problem of degraded recognition performance when the image is embedded. Therefore, the primary task of achieving stereo analysis is to provide sufficient features on the tunnel. Therefore, the feature projection component (21) is directly projected onto the tunnel lining by the pattern projection group (2), so that the camera is adjacent to the image. The same feature points can be identified between adjacent overlapping images; relatively, in order to construct the tunnel three-dimensional size with sufficient accuracy, the number of feature points is relatively increased.
另外，在特徵投影部件（２１）上所顯示的特徵圖案（２１１），可由二組不同幾何圖形依不同角度及數量構成[舉例如圖式所表示之圓形及周邊的方形]，再經由可見光投射至隧道表面上。在特徵投影部件（２１）上只顯示代表性特徵投影部件（２１）型式，然而，不同組合可構成無限組透光圖案。使攝像機容易取得多個影像中對應點或特徵點，建構隧道點雲三維座標資料。In addition, the feature pattern (211) displayed on the feature projection component (21) can be composed of two different sets of geometric figures according to different angles and numbers [for example, a circle and a peripheral square as shown in the figure], and then via visible light. Projected onto the surface of the tunnel. Only the representative feature projection member (21) pattern is displayed on the feature projection member (21), however, different combinations may constitute an infinite group of light transmission patterns. It is easy for the camera to obtain corresponding points or feature points in multiple images, and construct the three-dimensional coordinate data of the tunnel point cloud.
本發明利用控制組（３）從影像中計算出相機位置與隧道襯砌位置之間的關係，其控制組的建模流程，如第八圖所示。當開始S31執行時；先透過光源（２２）直接投射特徵投影部件（２１）於隧道襯砌上S32；進行擷取多重重疊影像S33，其處理之程序為沿著隧道擷取分段不同角度的影像，據實驗結果得知，每一影像與相鄰影像必需重疊至少60%以上；再由特徵偵測S34，做特徵點對應，找出對應之間的基礎矩陣，以建立圖像之間的匹配關係；從運動求得結構S35得到相機參數與三維點雲和相機內外部參數。內部參數包括鏡頭焦距、失真；外部參數如數位相機座標對於絕對座標的位置和方向；以多視角立體視覺S36，經由攝影機或數位相機所擷取到的影像，可利用運動求得結構不同角度的多幅圖像計算隧道三維資訊，通過圖像之間的特徵匹配或區域相似性匹配，建構隧道密集的三維點雲資料；重建隧道三維模型S37，以量測隧道整體尺寸；點雲資料處理S38，輸入控制點之點座標可求得隧道三維絕對座標；隧道三維尺寸比對S39，由已有不同時期隧道三維點雲資料進行，同位置比對，可分析得出隧道變形量；結束。The invention uses the control group (3) to calculate the relationship between the camera position and the tunnel lining position from the image, and the modeling flow of the control group is as shown in the eighth figure. When the S31 is started, the feature projection component (21) is directly projected onto the tunnel lining S32 through the light source (22); and the multiple overlapping image S33 is captured by the light source (22), and the processing procedure is to capture the image at different angles along the tunnel. According to the experimental results, each image and adjacent images must overlap by at least 60%; then feature detection S34, feature point correspondence, find the basic matrix between the corresponding to establish the match between the images Relationship; from the motion to obtain the structure S35 to obtain camera parameters and 3D point cloud and camera internal and external parameters. Internal parameters include lens focal length, distortion; external parameters such as the position and orientation of the digital camera coordinates for absolute coordinates; multi-view stereo vision S36, images captured by a camera or digital camera, can be used to obtain different angles of structure using motion Multiple images are used to calculate the three-dimensional information of the tunnel, and the three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel is constructed by feature matching or regional similarity matching; the three-dimensional model S37 of the tunnel is reconstructed to measure the overall size of the tunnel; point cloud data processing S38 The coordinates of the input control point can be used to obtain the three-dimensional absolute coordinates of the tunnel; the three-dimensional dimensional comparison of the tunnel is performed by the three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel in different periods, and the same position is compared, and the deformation of the tunnel can be analyzed;
本發明之量測方法的輸入為沿著隧道分段，先引入特徵投影部件（２１），透過光源（２２）直接投射隧道投射不同形式特徵圖案於隧道襯砌上，並擷取不同角度的影像[如第四~六圖所示]。藉由從攝像機（１１）[包含設影機或數位相機]擷取，進行連續性不同方向角度之重疊影像擷取取得相鄰兩張擷取的影像。在此演算法首先通過單張圖像分析，得到一個局部隧道模型以及局部相機參數。然後以此具有特徵圖案引入一個基於有向圖的幾何，可以快速進行隧道襯砌圖像之間的匹配、排序，計算出一個分段隧道模型以及圖像的初始相機參數。在此初始相機參數及圖像連接關係，進行作為加速運動求得結構演算法，並得到三維稀疏點雲和相機內外部參數。The input of the measuring method of the present invention is to segment the tunnel, firstly introducing a feature projection component (21), and directly projecting a tunnel through the light source (22) to project different patterns of features on the tunnel lining, and capturing images at different angles [ As shown in the fourth to sixth figures]. By capturing from the camera (11) [including the camera or digital camera], the overlapping images of different angles of continuity are captured to obtain the adjacent two captured images. In this algorithm, a single image model and local camera parameters are obtained by single image analysis. Then, by introducing a geometry based on the directed graph with the feature pattern, the matching and sorting between the tunnel lining images can be quickly performed, and a segmented tunnel model and initial camera parameters of the image are calculated. In this initial camera parameters and image connection relationship, the structural algorithm is obtained as an acceleration motion, and a three-dimensional sparse point cloud and camera internal and external parameters are obtained.
從實驗結果來看，本發明方法可避免，隧道襯砌因局部相似性引起的特徵匹配錯誤，而且極大地減少了運動求得結構的計算時間。之後，以上序列影像作為立體分析重建曲面方式，建構隧道三維點雲資料。最後進行座標糾正及點雲資料的雜訊濾除，數據分割，以量測隧道整體尺寸。From the experimental results, the method of the present invention can avoid the feature matching error caused by the local similarity of the tunnel lining, and greatly reduce the calculation time of the motion-determined structure. After that, the above sequence image is used as a stereoscopic analysis to reconstruct the surface method, and the three-dimensional point cloud data of the tunnel is constructed. Finally, coordinate correction and noise filtering of point cloud data are performed, and data is segmented to measure the overall size of the tunnel.
由量測經程式分析獲得之隧道表面之點雲資料，先經平滑化、去除雜訊，計算影像處理部分及點雲資料座標調整，顯示隧道斷面影像處理後之三維點雲資料。由以上處理後之點雲資料，再將此隧道表面沿隧道縱向等間距剖成斷面。由等間距剖斷面點雲資料設定隧道橫斷面，再根據隧道的三維尺寸作為隧道變形的基準資料。以不同時期所得隧道的三維尺寸，進行襯砌結構位置比對就可分析隧道之變形量，可配合在CAD軟體上以不同顏色顯示出隧道橫斷面，並計算其隧道之變形量。The point cloud data of the tunnel surface obtained by the program analysis is first smoothed, the noise is removed, the image processing part and the point cloud data coordinate are adjusted, and the 3D point cloud data after the tunnel section image processing is displayed. From the point cloud data processed above, the tunnel surface is then sectioned into sections along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. The cross section of the tunnel is set by the equally spaced cross-section point cloud data, and then the three-dimensional size of the tunnel is used as the reference data for the tunnel deformation. According to the three-dimensional size of the tunnel obtained in different periods, the deformation of the tunnel can be analyzed by comparing the position of the lining structure. The cross section of the tunnel can be displayed in different colors on the CAD software, and the deformation of the tunnel can be calculated.
然而前述之實施例或圖式並非限定本發明之產品結構或使用方式，任何所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者之適當變化或修飾，皆應視為不脫離本發明之專利範疇。However, the above-described embodiments or drawings are not intended to limit the structure or the use of the present invention, and any suitable variations or modifications of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
綜上所述，本發明實施例確能達到所預期之使用功效，又其所揭露之具體構造，不僅未曾見諸於同類產品中，亦未曾公開於申請前，誠已完全符合專利法之規定與要求，爰依法提出發明專利之申請，懇請惠予審查，並賜准專利，則實感德便。In summary, the embodiments of the present invention can achieve the expected use efficiency, and the specific structure disclosed therein has not been seen in similar products, nor has it been disclosed before the application, and has completely complied with the provisions of the Patent Law. And the request, the application for the invention of a patent in accordance with the law, please forgive the review, and grant the patent, it is really sensible.
（１）‧‧‧影像擷取組(1) ‧‧‧Image Capture Group
（１１）‧‧‧攝像機(11)‧‧‧ cameras
（１２）‧‧‧機座(12)‧‧‧After
（１２１）‧‧‧第一框體(121)‧‧‧First frame
（１２２）‧‧‧第二框體(122)‧‧‧ Second frame
（１２３）‧‧‧軸桿(123)‧‧‧ shaft
（１３）‧‧‧腳架(13) ‧‧ ‧ tripod
（２）‧‧‧圖案投射組(2) ‧‧‧ pattern projection group
（２１）‧‧‧特徵投影部件(21)‧‧‧Feature projection parts
（２１１）‧‧‧特徵圖案(211)‧‧‧Characteristic patterns
（２２）‧‧‧光源(22) ‧‧‧Light source
（３）‧‧‧控制組(3) ‧‧‧Control Group
（３１）‧‧‧處理器(31)‧‧‧ Processor
（３２）‧‧‧顯示單元(32)‧‧‧Display unit
第一圖：本發明之裝置示意圖First Figure: Schematic diagram of the device of the present invention
第二圖：本發明之步驟流程示意圖Second: Schematic diagram of the process of the present invention
第三圖：本發明定影像擷取組位於隧道內示意圖The third figure: the schematic image capturing group of the present invention is located in the tunnel
第四圖：本發明之影像擷取組拍攝圖案投射組示意圖一The fourth figure: a schematic diagram of the image capturing group of the image capturing group of the present invention
第五圖：本發明之影像擷取組拍攝圖案投射組示意圖二Figure 5: Schematic diagram of the image capturing group of the image capturing group of the present invention
第六圖：本發明之影像擷取組位移下一定點示意圖Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a certain point of the image capturing group displacement of the present invention
第七圖：本發明之特徵投影部件重疊狀態示意圖Figure 7: Schematic diagram of the overlapping state of the features of the present invention
第八圖：本發明控制組的建模流程示意圖Figure 8: Schematic diagram of the modeling process of the control group of the present invention
(1)‧‧‧影像擷取組 (1) ‧‧‧Image Capture Group
(11)‧‧‧攝像機 (11)‧‧‧ cameras
(12)‧‧‧機座 (12)‧‧‧After
(121)‧‧‧第一框體 (121)‧‧‧First frame
(122)‧‧‧第二框體 (122)‧‧‧ Second frame
(123)‧‧‧軸桿 (123)‧‧‧ shaft
(13)‧‧‧腳架 (13) ‧‧ ‧ tripod
(2)‧‧‧圖案投射組 (2) ‧‧‧ pattern projection group
(21)‧‧‧特徵投影部件 (21)‧‧‧Feature projection parts
(211)‧‧‧特徵圖案 (211)‧‧‧Characteristic patterns
(22)‧‧‧光源 (22) ‧‧‧Light source
(3)‧‧‧控制組 (3) ‧‧‧Control Group
(31)‧‧‧處理器 (31)‧‧‧ Processor
(32)‧‧‧顯示單元 (32)‧‧‧Display unit
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109359591A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-02-19 | 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | Method based on point cloud data automatic identification large diameter shield tunnel mid-board |
| TWI800038B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-04-21 | 日商山葉發動機股份有限公司 | Measuring device and substrate inspection device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI612277B (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-01-21 | Chuan Hai Yueh | Tunnel displacement monitoring method |
| CN107882596A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-06 | 中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司 | One kind measurement reflection plate rack |
| CN111473779B (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-24 | 北京工业大学 | Method for identifying and monitoring deformation of landslide-tunnel system in linkage manner |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109359591A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-02-19 | 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | Method based on point cloud data automatic identification large diameter shield tunnel mid-board |
| CN109359591B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-09-08 | 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | Method for automatically identifying large-diameter shield tunnel mid-partition wall based on point cloud data |
| TWI800038B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2023-04-21 | 日商山葉發動機股份有限公司 | Measuring device and substrate inspection device |
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