TW201621251A - Alternating channel heat exchanger - Google Patents

Alternating channel heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201621251A
TW201621251A TW104129950A TW104129950A TW201621251A TW 201621251 A TW201621251 A TW 201621251A TW 104129950 A TW104129950 A TW 104129950A TW 104129950 A TW104129950 A TW 104129950A TW 201621251 A TW201621251 A TW 201621251A
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Taiwan
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heat exchanger
cold
fluid
flow
channels
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TW104129950A
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Chinese (zh)
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羅伯 紐曼
艾力克斯 麥柯
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諾斯拉普葛蘭門系統公司
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Publication of TW201621251A publication Critical patent/TW201621251A/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/005—Arrangements for preventing direct contact between different heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/12—Elements constructed in the shape of a hollow panel, e.g. with channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/026—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits
    • F28F9/028—Header boxes; End plates with static flow control means, e.g. with means for uniformly distributing heat exchange media into conduits by using inserts for modifying the pattern of flow inside the header box, e.g. by using flow restrictors or permeable bodies or blocks with channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F2009/0285—Other particular headers or end plates
    • F28F2009/0287—Other particular headers or end plates having passages for different heat exchange media

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

A lightweight, high-efficiency alternating channel counter-flow heat exchanger structure is disclosed. A matrix of alternating hot and cold channels defining a heat exchanger structure is provided. A portion of each of the inlets and outlets of each of the hot and cold channels is blocked to prevent fluid flow through the blocked portion, thus creating hot-only and cold-only fluid communication regions on the ends of the heat exchanger structure. Alternating hot and cold headers provided on each end of the heat exchange structure service the respective hot and cold channels. The partial blocking structures on the channel-ends enable a single hot or cold header/plenum to be offset with respect to individual rows of channels and thus service a pair of adjacent rows of alternating hot and cold channels in the matrix of channels. The true alternating channel counter-flow design provides a higher heat transfer rate than a similarly-sized cross-flow design.

Description

交替通道熱交換器 Alternating channel heat exchanger

本發明大致上有關高效率交替通道逆流熱交換器，且更特別地是有關被建構成具有一矩陣之分開的熱流體流動通道及冷流體流動通道之熱交換器，在此該等熱通道及該等冷通道於每一行及每一列中交替，使得熱通道只鄰接冷通道，且反之亦然，及在此該交替通道逆流配置係藉由通道端部流動阻斷件及管集箱/高壓間所實現，用於簡化該熱及冷流體之管道。 The present invention relates generally to high efficiency alternating channel counterflow heat exchangers, and more particularly to heat exchangers constructed to have separate thermal fluid flow channels and cold fluid flow channels having a matrix, wherein the heat channels and The cold channels alternate in each row and each column such that the hot aisle is adjacent only to the cold aisle, and vice versa, and wherein the alternating channel is configured in a countercurrent flow by the end of the flow block and the header/high pressure Implemented to simplify the piping of the hot and cold fluids.

熱交換器已被使用十年，以由一流體傳送熱能至另一流體。於典型應用中，熱流體被第二冷流體所冷卻。該熱流體流經第一槽道、諸如管件或通道，且該冷流體能流經第二槽道或能自由地流動在被固定至該第一槽道的鰭片之上。該等流體兩者可為液體，它們兩者可為氣體，或一者可為液體及另一者可為氣體、諸如空氣。 Heat exchangers have been in use for ten years to transfer thermal energy from one fluid to another. In a typical application, the hot fluid is cooled by a second cold fluid. The hot fluid flows through a first channel, such as a tube or channel, and the cold fluid can flow through the second channel or can flow freely over the fins that are secured to the first channel. Both of these fluids can be liquids, both of which can be gases, or one can be a liquid and the other can be a gas, such as air.

於約束流熱交換器中，在此兩流體流經通道或槽道，依照其流動配置有熱交換器之三種主要分類。於交叉流熱 交換器中，該熱及冷流體約略彼此垂直地行進經過該熱交換器。於平行流熱交換器中，該二流體在該相同端部進入該熱交換器，且彼此平行地行進至該另一端部。於逆流熱交換器中，該二流體由相反端部進入該熱交換器。該逆流設計係最有效率的，其中由於沿著任何單位長度之平均溫度差係較大的事實，該逆流設計能於該等流體之間傳送最多熱。 In a constrained flow heat exchanger, where the two fluids flow through the passage or channel, there are three main classifications of heat exchangers in accordance with their flow. Cross flow heat In the exchanger, the hot and cold fluids travel approximately perpendicularly to each other through the heat exchanger. In a parallel flow heat exchanger, the two fluids enter the heat exchanger at the same end and travel parallel to each other to the other end. In a counterflow heat exchanger, the two fluids enter the heat exchanger from opposite ends. This countercurrent design is the most efficient, with the countercurrent design being able to transfer the most heat between the fluids due to the fact that the average temperature difference along any unit length is large.

增加熱交換器效率的一方式係增加流體流經之通道的數目，及減少該等通道之尺寸。用於給定的熱交換器長度，小通道尺寸實現熱能由該熱流體至該冷流體之更完全傳送。一熱交換器設計本質上係呈行及列配置的三次矩陣通道，具有數百之行及列的數目、及成千上萬之通道的數目。於此一複雜及紛亂之熱交換器結構中，雖然逆流配置的效率利益將為想要的，製造此一設計至今係尚未可能或實用的。 One way to increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger is to increase the number of channels through which the fluid flows and to reduce the size of the channels. For a given heat exchanger length, the small channel size enables more complete transfer of thermal energy from the hot fluid to the cold fluid. A heat exchanger design is essentially a cubic matrix channel in rows and columns, with hundreds of rows and columns, and the number of thousands of channels. In this complex and confusing heat exchanger structure, although the efficiency benefits of the counterflow configuration would be desirable, it has not been possible or practical to manufacture this design to date.

10‧‧‧熱交換器 10‧‧‧ heat exchanger

12‧‧‧第一側壁 12‧‧‧First side wall

14‧‧‧第二側壁 14‧‧‧ second side wall

16‧‧‧頂板 16‧‧‧ top board

18‧‧‧底板 18‧‧‧floor

20‧‧‧中間板 20‧‧‧Intermediate board

30‧‧‧第一通道 30‧‧‧First Passage

32‧‧‧箭頭 32‧‧‧ arrow

34‧‧‧箭頭 34‧‧‧ arrow

40‧‧‧第二通道 40‧‧‧second channel

42‧‧‧箭頭 42‧‧‧ arrow

44‧‧‧箭頭 44‧‧‧ arrow

50‧‧‧熱交換器 50‧‧‧ heat exchanger

52‧‧‧鰭片 52‧‧‧Fins

54‧‧‧通道 54‧‧‧ channel

60‧‧‧熱交換器 60‧‧‧ heat exchanger

62‧‧‧通道 62‧‧‧ channel

80‧‧‧熱交換器 80‧‧‧ heat exchanger

82‧‧‧阻斷件 82‧‧‧Blocking parts

84‧‧‧阻斷件 84‧‧‧Blocking parts

90‧‧‧管集箱 90‧‧‧ tube collection box

92‧‧‧開放端部 92‧‧‧Open end

100‧‧‧管集箱 100‧‧‧ tube collection box

120‧‧‧熱交換器 120‧‧‧ heat exchanger

圖1係該技術領域中所習知之一種簡單的二通道逆流熱交換器之說明圖；圖2係具有被加在該二主要通道的每一者中之鰭片的簡單逆流熱交換器之說明圖；圖3係真實的交替通道逆流熱交換器之說明圖，在此每一通道係只鄰接於該相反方向中承載該另一流體的通道； 圖4係真實的交替通道逆流熱交換器之第一說明圖，顯示通道端部阻斷件如何能被使用，以簡化該等流體至該熱交換器的管道；圖5係圖4之熱交換器的第二說明圖，顯示管集箱如何會同該等通道端部阻斷件被使用；圖6係圖4及5之熱交換器的第三說明圖；及圖7係按比例增加之交替通道逆流熱交換器的說明圖，以包括很多行及列之通道。 1 is an illustration of a simple two-channel counterflow heat exchanger as is known in the art; FIG. 2 is an illustration of a simple counterflow heat exchanger having fins added to each of the two main passages. Figure 3 is an illustration of a true alternating channel counterflow heat exchanger where each channel is adjacent only to the channel carrying the other fluid in the opposite direction; Figure 4 is a first explanatory view of a real alternating channel counterflow heat exchanger showing how the channel end block can be used to simplify the flow of the fluid to the heat exchanger; Figure 5 is a heat exchange of Figure 4. The second illustration of the device shows how the tube headers can be used with the channel end blocks; Figure 6 is a third illustration of the heat exchangers of Figures 4 and 5; and Figure 7 is a proportionally increasing alternation An illustration of a channel counterflow heat exchanger to include a plurality of rows and columns of channels.

【發明內容及實施方式】 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION AND EMBODIMENT

本發明之實施例針對交替通道逆流熱交換器的以下討論本質上係只示範用，且絕無意欲限制本發明或其應用或使用。 The following discussion of an alternate channel counterflow heat exchanger of an embodiment of the invention is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

熱交換器被廣泛地使用於由第一、熱流體傳送熱能至第二、冷流體。熱交換器被使用於寬廣範圍之工業及應用中-由汽車散熱器、至諸如引擎油冷卻及噴射燃料預先加熱的航空應用、至發電及計算之各種應用。於熱交換器設計中之目的係最大化熱傳效率，以便使熱交換器尺寸/重量及所需之流體流率減至最小。 Heat exchangers are widely used to transfer thermal energy from a first, hot fluid to a second, cold fluid. Heat exchangers are used in a wide range of industries and applications - from automotive radiators to aerospace applications such as engine oil cooling and fuel injection preheating, to power generation and computing applications. The goal in heat exchanger design is to maximize heat transfer efficiency to minimize heat exchanger size/weight and desired fluid flow rate.

圖1係該技術領域中所習知之一種簡單的二通道逆流熱交換器10之說明圖。於諸如該熱交換器10的逆流熱交換器中，該二流體由相反端部進入該熱交換器。該逆流設計係熱交換器之最有效率型式，其中由於沿著任何單位長度之平均溫度差係較大的事實，該熱交換器能於該等流體 之間傳送最多熱。 1 is an illustration of a simple two-channel counterflow heat exchanger 10 as is known in the art. In a counterflow heat exchanger such as the heat exchanger 10, the two fluids enter the heat exchanger from opposite ends. The countercurrent design is the most efficient version of the heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger can be used for such fluids due to the fact that the average temperature difference along any unit length is large. Transfer the most heat between.

該熱交換器10包括第一側壁12及第二側壁14。該熱交換器10亦包含頂板16、底板18、及中間板20。該熱交換器10的端部係打開的，如此界定第一(上)通道30及第二(下)通道40。冷流體在冷流體入口溫度(TCi)進入該通道30，如在箭頭32所示。該冷流體在冷流體出口溫度(TCo)離開該通道30，如在箭頭34所示。熱流體在熱流體入口溫度(THi)進入該通道40，如在箭頭42所示。該熱流體在熱流體出口溫度(THo)離開該通道40，如在箭頭44所示。該熱流體及該冷流體的每一者可為液體或氣體之任一者。於一範例中，該熱流體係液體，且該冷流體係冷空氣。該熱交換器10典型將為由鋁、或具有重量輕及良好傳導性熱傳性質的其它材料所製成。 The heat exchanger 10 includes a first side wall 12 and a second side wall 14. The heat exchanger 10 also includes a top plate 16, a bottom plate 18, and an intermediate plate 20. The end of the heat exchanger 10 is open, thus defining a first (upper) passage 30 and a second (lower) passage 40. The cold fluid enters the passage 30 at the cold fluid inlet temperature (TC i ) as indicated by arrow 32. The cold fluid in the cold fluid outlet temperature (TC o) away from the channel 30, as shown by arrow 34. The hot fluid enters the passage 40 at the hot fluid inlet temperature (TH i ) as indicated by arrow 42. The hot fluid leaves the hot fluid outlet temperature (TH o) of the channel 40, as shown by arrow 44. Each of the hot fluid and the cold fluid can be either a liquid or a gas. In one example, the heat flow system is liquid and the cold flow system is cold air. The heat exchanger 10 will typically be made of aluminum, or other materials that are lightweight and have good conductivity heat transfer properties.

該熱交換器10之每一通道具有長度X、寬度Y、及高度Z，在此該長度X係在流經該等通道30及40的流體流動之方向中由端部至端部測量，該高度Z係如所示於該直立方向中測量，且該寬度Y係在垂直於X及Z兩者的方向中測量。該熱交換器10中之總熱傳係與熱傳係數、該熱側面熱傳面積、及該熱至冷溫差的乘積成比例的。亦即： Each passage of the heat exchanger 10 has a length X, a width Y, and a height Z, where the length X is measured from the end to the end in the direction of fluid flow through the passages 30 and 40, which The height Z is measured in the upright direction as shown, and the width Y is measured in a direction perpendicular to both X and Z. The total heat transfer system in the heat exchanger 10 is proportional to the heat transfer coefficient, the hot side heat transfer area, and the product of the heat to cold temperature difference. that is:

在此h係該淨熱傳係數，XY係藉由該長度X乘以該寬度Y所界定的熱側面面積，且及分別係該熱及冷流 體之平均溫度(入口與出口溫度間之差值)。 Here, h is the net heat transfer coefficient, and XY is multiplied by the length X by the hot side area defined by the width Y, and and The average temperature of the hot and cold fluids (the difference between the inlet and outlet temperatures).

雖然該熱交換器10係逆流設計，其係由於該等通道30及40的大尺寸而未充分地最佳化。具有較小通道及更多熱交換表面積之設計能增加效率。 Although the heat exchanger 10 is of a countercurrent design, it is not sufficiently optimized due to the large size of the channels 30 and 40. Designs with smaller channels and more heat exchange surface area increase efficiency.

圖2係簡單的逆流熱交換器50之說明圖，其係類似於該熱交換器10，但在該二主要通道的每一者中加入有直立之鰭片。一系列直立的鰭片52被分別併入該頂板16與該中間板20之間、及該中間板20與該底板18之間。該等鰭片52界定複數個通道54，該等通道係比圖1中的熱交換器10之通道30及40遠較小。其能被看見該熱交換器50仍然局部係局部逆流設計，其中該等通道54的上層處理於一方向中流動之冷流體，且該等通道54的下層處理在該相反方向中流動之熱流體。此流體流動配置由管道連接之立場係簡單及實用的，因所有該等冷流體通道係彼此毗連，且所有該等熱流體通道係彼此毗連。 2 is an illustration of a simple counterflow heat exchanger 50 similar to the heat exchanger 10 with the addition of upstanding fins in each of the two main passages. A series of upstanding fins 52 are incorporated between the top plate 16 and the intermediate plate 20, and between the intermediate plate 20 and the bottom plate 18, respectively. The fins 52 define a plurality of channels 54 that are much smaller than the channels 30 and 40 of the heat exchanger 10 of FIG. It can be seen that the heat exchanger 50 is still partially localized in a countercurrent design, wherein the upper layer of the channels 54 processes the cold fluid flowing in one direction, and the lower layers of the channels 54 treat the hot fluid flowing in the opposite direction. . The position of the fluid flow configuration by the conduit connection is simple and practical, since all of the cold fluid passages are adjacent to each other and all of the hot fluid passages are adjacent to each other.

該熱交換器50中之理論熱傳可被界定為： The theoretical heat transfer in the heat exchanger 50 can be defined as:

在此該熱側面潮濕面積現在包括一項10ZX，其代表該等通道54中之鰭片的面積。然而，該熱交換器50中之鰭片52不會由熱流體至冷流體直接地導熱，故有一為此說明的“鰭片效率”。如此，該熱交換器50中之實際熱傳能被界定為： Here the hot side wet area now includes a 10ZX which represents the area of the fins in the channels 54. However, the fins 52 in the heat exchanger 50 do not directly conduct heat from the hot fluid to the cold fluid, so there is a "fin fin efficiency" for this purpose. As such, the actual heat transfer energy in the heat exchanger 50 is defined as:

在此η係該鰭片效率因數。 Here η is the fin efficiency factor.

該等通道54及藉由該等鰭片52所提供之額外熱交換表面積的小尺寸造成該熱交換器50比該熱交換器10更有效率。然而，效率可藉由增加逆流之程度被進一步增加。 The passages 54 and the small size of the additional heat exchange surface area provided by the fins 52 cause the heat exchanger 50 to be more efficient than the heat exchanger 10. However, efficiency can be further increased by increasing the degree of backflow.

圖3係真實的交替通道逆流熱交換器60之說明圖，在此每一通道係只鄰接於相反方向中承載該另一流體的通道。該熱交換器60於結構中係與該熱交換器50完全相同，包括該等直立的鰭片52及該複數個通道54。與該熱交換器60的唯一差異係該流體流動配置，在此於該橫側及直立的方向兩者中，該等通道54於被載送流體之型式及流動的方向中交替。亦即，每一通道54只具有與其毗連之逆流通道。譬如，考慮通道62，其係靠近通道的底部層之中間且其在該熱交換器的右側端部具有熱流體入口。其能夠在圖3中被看見該通道62具有至該左側及至該右側之逆流冷流體通道當作其在上方的鄰近物。如此，該熱交換器60係真實之交替通道逆流設計。 Figure 3 is an illustration of a true alternate channel counterflow heat exchanger 60 where each channel is adjacent only to the channel carrying the other fluid in the opposite direction. The heat exchanger 60 is identical in construction to the heat exchanger 50 and includes the upstanding fins 52 and the plurality of channels 54. The only difference from the heat exchanger 60 is the fluid flow arrangement, where the channels 54 alternate in the direction of the carrier fluid and the direction of flow in both the lateral and upright directions. That is, each channel 54 has only its countercurrent channel adjacent thereto. For example, consider channel 62, which is adjacent the middle of the bottom layer of the channel and has a hot fluid inlet at the right end of the heat exchanger. It can be seen in Figure 3 that the passage 62 has a counterflow cold fluid passage to the left and to the right as its upper adjacent. As such, the heat exchanger 60 is a true alternating channel counterflow design.

於該熱交換器60中，不再有“有效的”鰭片面積，因所有該等鰭片表面現在提供由該熱流體至該冷流體之直接傳導。如此，該實際熱傳係等於該熱交換器60中的理論熱傳，如下： In the heat exchanger 60, there is no longer an "effective" fin area since all of the fin surfaces now provide direct conduction from the hot fluid to the cold fluid. As such, the actual heat transfer is equal to the theoretical heat transfer in the heat exchanger 60, as follows:

亦即，該鰭片效率η係等於一。 That is, the fin efficiency η is equal to one.

如上面所示，由熱傳效率之觀點，該熱交換器60係理想的。不幸地是，實際來看，製成具有所有該等需要之熱及冷流體管道連接的熱交換器60將為非常地勞力密集 的。當很多真實世界應用需要具有數百行及數百列通道之熱交換器被考慮時，這是特別明顯的。清楚地是，在此無製成此一裝置之實用方式。如此，交替通道逆流熱交換器的利益至今尚未能得到。 As indicated above, the heat exchanger 60 is desirable from the viewpoint of heat transfer efficiency. Unfortunately, in practice, the heat exchanger 60 made with all such required hot and cold fluid piping connections will be very labor intensive. of. This is especially true when many real world applications require heat exchangers with hundreds of rows and hundreds of columns of channels to be considered. Clearly, there is no practical way to make this device. As such, the benefits of alternating channel counterflow heat exchangers have not been available to date.

圖4係真實之交替通道逆流熱交換器80的第一說明圖，其包括使其可能建構及按規定路線發送流體至該熱交換器80之設計特色。該熱交換器80以與該熱交換器60相同的幾何形狀開始，具有二層通道54。然而，於該熱交換器80中，局部通道端部阻斷件被加在該裝置之每一端部上，具有將於該以下討論中變得明顯之目的及功能。複數個熱通道端部阻斷件82被定位在每一熱流體通道之每一端部的部分之上。明確地是，該等阻斷件82阻斷該上層中的熱流體通道之每一者的上半部，且該等阻斷件82阻斷該下層中的熱流體通道之每一者的下半部。該等阻斷件82之對應組亦被包括在該熱交換器80的相反端部(在圖4中看不見)。由於該等阻斷件82，所有該等熱流體開口於狹窄之直立帶中被群聚在一起，如在圖4中所看見。 4 is a first illustrative diagram of a true alternate channel counterflow heat exchanger 80 that includes design features that make it possible to construct and route fluid to the heat exchanger 80. The heat exchanger 80 begins with the same geometry as the heat exchanger 60 and has a two-layer passage 54. However, in the heat exchanger 80, a partial channel end stop is applied to each end of the device with purposes and functions that will become apparent in the discussion that follows. A plurality of hot runner end stops 82 are positioned over portions of each end of each hot fluid passage. Specifically, the blocking members 82 block the upper half of each of the hot fluid passages in the upper layer, and the blocking members 82 block each of the hot fluid passages in the lower layer. Half. A corresponding set of the blocking members 82 is also included at the opposite end of the heat exchanger 80 (not visible in Figure 4). Due to the blocking members 82, all of the thermal fluid openings are clustered together in a narrow erect band, as seen in FIG.

類似地，複數個冷通道端部阻斷件84被定位在每一冷流體通道之每一端部的部分之上。明確地是，該等阻斷件84阻斷該上層中的冷流體通道之每一者的下半部，且該等阻斷件84阻斷該下層中的冷流體通道之每一者的上半部。該等阻斷件84之對應組亦被包括在該熱交換器80的相反端部(在圖4中看不見)。由於該等阻斷件84， 所有該等冷流體開口於二狹窄之直立帶-一直立帶在該熱交換器80的頂部且一直立帶在該熱交換器80之底部中被群聚在一起。 Similarly, a plurality of cold aisle end stops 84 are positioned over portions of each end of each cold fluid passage. Specifically, the blocking members 84 block the lower half of each of the cold fluid passages in the upper layer, and the blocking members 84 block each of the cold fluid passages in the lower layer. Half. A corresponding set of the blocking members 84 is also included at the opposite end of the heat exchanger 80 (not visible in Figure 4). Due to the blocking members 84, All of the cold fluids are open to the two narrow erect strips - the upright strips are at the top of the heat exchanger 80 and the upright strips are grouped together in the bottom of the heat exchanger 80.

在此被強調的是該熱交換器80中之通道54的每一者仍然具有全高度Z，正如於圖3之熱交換器60中。其係只局部地藉由該阻斷件82及84所阻斷的端部開口。該等阻斷件82及84在圖4中被顯示為阻斷少量超過該等通道開口之每一者的一半，如將為有利於隨後在下面所討論之製造步驟所需要的。應注意的是該等阻斷件82及84不須必然阻斷該通道端部之一半。譬如，如果該熱流體係具有相當低流率的液體及該冷流體係具有高流率之空氣，則其可為想要的是造成該熱通道阻斷件82較大(譬如，2/3高度)及該冷通道阻斷件84較小(譬如，1/3高度)，以致該冷流體經歷更少之流動阻礙。該相反組構係亦可能的-在此該等熱通道阻斷件82被製成較小，且該等冷通道阻斷件84被製成較大。 It is emphasized herein that each of the passages 54 in the heat exchanger 80 still has a full height Z, as in the heat exchanger 60 of FIG. It is only partially open at the ends blocked by the blocking members 82 and 84. The blocking members 82 and 84 are shown in Figure 4 as blocking a small amount of more than half of each of the channel openings, as would be required to facilitate the subsequent manufacturing steps discussed below. It should be noted that the blocking members 82 and 84 do not necessarily have to block one half of the end of the channel. For example, if the heat flow system has a relatively low flow rate liquid and the cold flow system has a high flow rate of air, it may be desirable to cause the hot channel blocker 82 to be large (e.g., 2/3 height). And the cold aisle blocker 84 is small (e.g., 1/3 height) such that the cold fluid experiences less flow obstruction. The opposite system is also possible - here the heat channel blocking members 82 are made smaller and the cold channel blocking members 84 are made larger.

圖5係圖4之熱交換器80的第二說明圖。於圖5中，高壓間或管集箱90已被加入(顯示半透明的)，且會同該等通道端部阻斷件82及84被使用，以大幅地簡化該外部管道。該管集箱90具有該熱流體進入之開放端部92。由該管集箱90內側，由於該阻斷件84之存在於該等冷流體通道上，該熱流體可只流入熱流體通道。在通過該六個一半高度的入口之後，該熱流體將充填該等熱流體通道的每一個之整個直立高度。其實，該一半高度入口可增 加該等通道中的亂流，於熱傳係數中具有一有益之增加。 Figure 5 is a second explanatory view of the heat exchanger 80 of Figure 4. In Figure 5, a high pressure chamber or header 90 has been added (showing translucent) and is used with the channel end stops 82 and 84 to greatly simplify the outer conduit. The header 90 has an open end 92 into which the hot fluid enters. From the inside of the header 90, the thermal fluid may only flow into the hot fluid passage due to the presence of the blocking member 84 on the cold fluid passages. After passing through the six half height inlets, the hot fluid will fill the entire upright height of each of the hot fluid passages. In fact, the half height entrance can be increased Adding turbulence in these channels has a beneficial increase in the heat transfer coefficient.

圖6係圖4及5的熱交換器80之第三說明圖。於圖6中，該管集箱90被顯示具有固體壁面及具有在該開放端部92流入的熱流體。第二管集箱100亦被加入，其承接離開該熱交換器80之熱流體及如所示在該左側將其運送經過單一熱流體出口。如此，其能夠在圖6中被看見至該熱交換器80及來自該熱交換器80的熱流體管道能經過至該管集箱90之單一入口與來自該管集箱100的單一出口被處理。這係比圖3之熱交換器60所需要的多數個熱流體入口及多數個熱流體出口更加簡單。 Figure 6 is a third explanatory view of the heat exchanger 80 of Figures 4 and 5. In FIG. 6, the header 90 is shown to have a solid wall and to have a hot fluid flowing in the open end 92. A second header 100 is also added which receives the hot fluid exiting the heat exchanger 80 and transports it through the single hot fluid outlet on the left side as shown. As such, it can be seen in Figure 6 that the heat exchanger 80 and the hot fluid conduit from the heat exchanger 80 can be treated through a single inlet to the header 90 and a single outlet from the header 100. . This is much simpler than the plurality of hot fluid inlets and the plurality of hot fluid outlets required by heat exchanger 60 of FIG.

於觀看圖6中，處理該冷流體之二模式係輕易明顯的。於第一模式中，在此該冷流體係液體，且該冷流體之封閉迴圈管道係想要的，接著額外之管集箱能被加入-在該等熱流體管集箱90及100上方及下方-以處理該冷流體。該等冷流體管集箱能在該熱交換器80與該等熱流體管集箱的相同側面(亦即，於圖6中之“靠近側面”)、或在該相反兩側上具有其入口及出口。於第二模式中，在此該冷流體係空氣，且該熱交換器80能被放置於在該X方向中流動的冷氣流中，接著沒有管道或管集箱被需要用於該冷流體。於此案例中，該空氣將自由地流經該等冷流體通道，並將藉由該等管集箱90及100被阻斷而免於進入該等熱流體通道。 Looking at Figure 6, the two modes of processing the cold fluid are readily apparent. In the first mode, where the cold flow system liquid is, and the closed loop conduit of the cold fluid is desired, then additional headers can be added - above the hot fluid headers 90 and 100 And below - to handle the cold fluid. The cold fluid tube headers can have their inlets on the same side of the heat exchanger 80 as the hot fluid tube headers (i.e., "near the sides" in Figure 6) or on the opposite sides. And export. In the second mode, the cold flow system air is here, and the heat exchanger 80 can be placed in the cold gas stream flowing in the X direction, and then no pipe or header is required for the cold fluid. In this case, the air will flow freely through the cold fluid passages and will be blocked from entering the hot fluid passages by the headers 90 and 100.

該熱交換器80可被製成具有二層及很多很高、狹窄之通道列-如此提供極大的熱至冷逆流表面積，但只需要 單一組熱流體管集箱。對於很多不同之應用，此一設計可為有用的。於一示範實施例中，該熱交換器80具有二層及數百列之通道，使每一通道為4.5”高及0.03”寬。 The heat exchanger 80 can be made with two layers and a number of very tall, narrow channel columns - thus providing an extremely large heat to cold countercurrent surface area, but only A single set of hot fluid tube headers. This design can be useful for many different applications. In an exemplary embodiment, the heat exchanger 80 has two and hundreds of columns of channels such that each channel is 4.5" high and 0.03" wide.

圖7係交替通道逆流熱交換器120的說明圖，如其可被按比例增加，以包括很多行及列之通道。如先前所論及，一些真實世界的應用需要具有數百行及數百列之通道的熱交換器。圖7之熱交換器120只顯示此一裝置的一小部分，其將持續用於更多行(往下於該Z方向中)及更多列(於該Y方向中)。在該等熱交換器80或120之任一者中，該等通道的長度(於該X方向中)可為不論用於該應用所需要者。於一示範實施例中，該熱交換器120係九吋立方體(9”x9”x9”)，具有200行及200列之通道，用於總共40,000個通道，使每一通道的截面為正方形。 Figure 7 is an illustration of an alternate channel counterflow heat exchanger 120, as it may be scaled up to include a plurality of rows and columns of channels. As previously discussed, some real world applications require heat exchangers with hundreds of rows and hundreds of columns. Heat exchanger 120 of Figure 7 shows only a small portion of this device that will continue to be used for more rows (downward in the Z direction) and more columns (in the Y direction). In any of the heat exchangers 80 or 120, the length of the channels (in the X direction) may be whatever is needed for the application. In an exemplary embodiment, the heat exchanger 120 is a nine-turn cube (9" x 9" x 9") having 200 rows and 200 columns of channels for a total of 40,000 channels such that each channel has a square cross section.

於只包括二層(行)通道之熱交換器80中，只單一熱流體入口管集箱90及熱流體出口管集箱100被需要。於該熱交換器120中，其能被看見很多熱流體入口及出口管集箱將被需要。明確地是，該等熱流體入口及出口管集箱將需要被放置在離該熱交換器120的頂部之第二行及第三行的開口之上(其使至該第一行通道的底部與該第二行通道的頂部相等)、在該第六及第七行開口之上等。類似地，如果冷流體管集箱被需要，它們將被放置在該第一行開口、該第四與第五行開口、該第八與第九行開口等之上。 In the heat exchanger 80 comprising only two (row) channels, only a single hot fluid inlet header 90 and hot fluid outlet header 100 are required. In the heat exchanger 120, it can be seen that many hot fluid inlets and outlet headers will be needed. Specifically, the hot fluid inlet and outlet headers will need to be placed over the openings of the second and third rows of the top of the heat exchanger 120 (which brings to the bottom of the first row of channels) Equal to the top of the second row of channels, above the sixth and seventh rows of openings, and the like. Similarly, if cold fluid headers are needed, they will be placed over the first row of openings, the fourth and fifth rows of openings, the eighth and ninth rows of openings, and the like.

圖4-6及7所示的熱交換器80及120代表一創新之 設計，其提供外部管道的大幅簡化，但其將為難以使用傳統之製造技術製成。尤其是，該等阻斷件82及84之銅焊或焊接至該等鰭片52及該等板件16/18/20的端部將為困難的，尤其考慮到所涉及之材料係很薄，該等尺寸係很小，及該等縫合線將全部必需為防漏的。然而，該等熱交換器80與120將使用增量製造技術(亦已知為3D列印)被輕易地製成。增量製造能與諸如鋁之金屬被一起使用，且面及接頭的數目本質上係無關的；該幾何形狀可被簡單地製作，如在該等先前圖面中所示，且該熱交換器80或120將被可靠地建構。 The heat exchangers 80 and 120 shown in Figures 4-6 and 7 represent an innovation The design, which provides substantial simplification of the external piping, will be difficult to manufacture using traditional manufacturing techniques. In particular, it may be difficult to braze or weld the blocking members 82 and 84 to the ends of the fins 52 and the plates 16/18/20, especially considering that the materials involved are very thin. These dimensions are small and all of the sutures must be leak proof. However, these heat exchangers 80 and 120 will be readily fabricated using incremental manufacturing techniques (also known as 3D printing). Incremental manufacturing can be used with metals such as aluminum, and the number of faces and joints is essentially independent; the geometry can be simply fabricated, as shown in the previous figures, and the heat exchanger 80 or 120 will be reliably constructed.

於該熱交換器80之案例中，其將為可能經由增量製造建構該熱交換器通道矩陣，及手動地製造該等管集箱90及100，並於隨後步驟中將它們銅焊/焊接至該熱交換器80。在需要大數量的管集箱之熱交換器120的案例中，其將為較佳的是建構該整個熱交換器組件-包括所有該等管集箱-經由增量製造。其亦值得注意的是使用增量製造，該等通道不須為筆直的。該整個熱交換器可採用幾乎任何任意之形狀-包括彎頭、扭轉、翹曲等-如用於熱交換器包裝可被需要者。 In the case of the heat exchanger 80, it would be possible to construct the heat exchanger channel matrix via incremental manufacturing, and manually manufacture the headers 90 and 100 and braze/weld them in subsequent steps. To the heat exchanger 80. In the case of a heat exchanger 120 that requires a large number of headers, it would be preferable to construct the entire heat exchanger assembly - including all of the headers - via incremental manufacturing. It is also worth noting that incremental manufacturing is used and the channels need not be straight. The entire heat exchanger can take almost any shape - including elbows, torsion, warpage, etc. - as may be required for heat exchanger packaging.

增量製造技術的使用實現該等交替通道逆流熱交換器80及120之生產，在此其先前可能不實用的。該交替通道逆流設計提供最大之熱交換器效率，其允許熱交換器尺寸及質量被減至最小及使流體流率被減少，這兩者於任何熱交換器應用中係有益的。 The use of incremental manufacturing techniques enables the production of such alternating channel counterflow heat exchangers 80 and 120, which may have previously been impractical. This alternate channel counterflow design provides maximum heat exchanger efficiency that allows the heat exchanger size and mass to be minimized and the fluid flow rate to be reduced, both of which are beneficial in any heat exchanger application.

該前面之討論只揭示及敘述本發明的示範實施例。熟習此技術領域者將由此討論及由所附圖面與申請專利範圍輕易地認知可在其中作各種變動、修改及變化，而未由本發明之精神及範圍脫離，如於以下申請專利範圍中所界定。 The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary embodiments of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is susceptible to various changes, modifications, and changes in the scope of the invention and the scope of the invention. Defined.

80‧‧‧熱交換器 80‧‧‧ heat exchanger

90‧‧‧管集箱 90‧‧‧ tube collection box

100‧‧‧管集箱 100‧‧‧ tube collection box

Claims (20)

一種熱交換器，包含：一矩陣之通道，包括複數行及複數列，在此該等通道的一半係熱流體於第一方向中流經之熱流動通道，及該等通道的一半係冷流體於與該第一方向相反之第二方向中流經的冷流動通道，且熱及冷流動通道於每一行及每一列中交替，以界定交替通道逆流配置；及端部阻斷件，附接在每一通道之每一端部，在此每一端部阻斷件只阻斷該通道的端部之頂部或底部，以界定被阻斷部分及開放部分，且該被阻斷部分及該開放部分交替定位於每一行及每一列中。 A heat exchanger comprising: a matrix channel comprising a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, wherein half of the channels are thermal flow channels through which the thermal fluid flows in the first direction, and half of the channels are cold fluids a cold flow channel flowing in a second direction opposite the first direction, and the hot and cold flow channels alternate in each row and each column to define an alternate channel counterflow configuration; and an end blocker attached to each Each end of a channel, wherein each end blocking member blocks only the top or bottom of the end of the channel to define a blocked portion and an open portion, and the blocked portion and the open portion are alternately positioned In every row and every column. 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱交換器，另包含附接在該熱交換器的每一端部之熱流體管集箱，該熱流體管集箱提供該熱流體的流動至該熱交換器及由該熱交換器流動，在此該熱流體管集箱被建構來與該等熱流動通道之開放部分及該等冷流動通道的被阻斷部分流體相通。 The heat exchanger of claim 1, further comprising a heat fluid tube header attached to each end of the heat exchanger, the hot fluid tube header providing flow of the hot fluid to the heat exchanger and Flowing from the heat exchanger, the hot fluid tube header is configured to be in fluid communication with the open portions of the thermal flow channels and the blocked portions of the cold flow channels. 如申請專利範圍第2項之熱交換器，其中該冷流體係呈冷空氣流而流動的空氣，且在第二方向中運動，在此該空氣經過該等冷流動通道的開放部分進入該等冷流動通道，且該空氣藉由該等熱流動通道上之端部阻斷件及該等熱流體管集箱被阻斷而不進入該等熱流動通道。 The heat exchanger of claim 2, wherein the cold flow system is air flowing in a flow of cold air and moves in a second direction, wherein the air enters the open portion of the cold flow passages Cold flow channels, and the air is blocked by the end blocks on the heat flow channels and the hot fluid tube headers without entering the heat flow channels. 如申請專利範圍第2項之熱交換器，另包含被附接在該熱交換器的每一端部之冷流體管集箱，該等冷流體管集箱提供該冷流體至該熱交換器之流動及由該熱交換器 流動該冷流體，在此該等冷流體管集箱被建構來與該等冷流動通道之開放部分及該等熱流動通道的被阻斷部分流體相通。 A heat exchanger according to claim 2, further comprising a cold fluid pipe header attached to each end of the heat exchanger, the cold fluid pipe header providing the cold fluid to the heat exchanger Flow and by the heat exchanger The cold fluid is flowed, wherein the cold fluid headers are configured to be in fluid communication with the open portions of the cold flow passages and the blocked portions of the thermal flow passages. 如申請專利範圍第4項之熱交換器，其中該熱流體及該冷流體兩者皆係液體。 The heat exchanger of claim 4, wherein the hot fluid and the cold fluid are both liquid. 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱交換器，其中該等端部阻斷件的每一者大約阻斷該通道之端部的一半頂部或一半底部。 A heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein each of the end blocking members blocks about half of the top or half of the bottom of the end of the passage. 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱交換器，其中該等通道不是筆直的。 A heat exchanger according to claim 1 wherein the passages are not straight. 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱交換器，其中該熱交換器係由鋁所製成。 A heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is made of aluminum. 如申請專利範圍第1項之熱交換器，其中該熱交換器係經由增量製造(Additive Manufacturing，簡稱AM)所製成。 A heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is made by Additive Manufacturing (AM). 一種交替通道逆流熱交換器，包含：一矩陣之通道，包括二行及複數列，在此該等通道的一半係熱流體於第一方向流經之熱流動通道，及該等通道的一半係冷流體於與該第一方向相反之第二方向流經的冷流動通道，且熱及冷流動通道於每一行及每一列中交替，以界定交替通道逆流配置，在此該等熱流動通道具有在所有冷流動通道上方、下方及任一側面之附近通道；端部阻斷件，附接在每一通道之每一端部，在此每一端部阻斷件只阻斷該通道端部之頂部或底部，以界定被阻 斷部分及開放部分，且該被阻斷部分及該開放部分交替定位於每一行及每一列中；及熱流體管集箱，被附接在該熱交換器的每一端部，在此第一熱流體管集箱提供該熱流體流動至該熱交換器，且第二熱流體管集箱承接來自該熱交換器的熱流體，及在此該等熱流體管集箱被定位於頂部行的底部及底部行的頂部之上，且被建構來與該等熱流動通道的開放部分及該等冷流動通道之被阻斷部分流體相通，使得該熱流體可只流經該等熱流動通道。 An alternating channel counterflow heat exchanger comprising: a matrix channel comprising two rows and a plurality of columns, wherein half of the channels are hot flow channels through which the thermal fluid flows in a first direction, and half of the channels a cold fluid flowing through the cold flow passage in a second direction opposite the first direction, and the hot and cold flow passages alternate in each row and each column to define an alternate channel counterflow configuration, wherein the thermal flow passages have Channels above, below and on either side of all cold flow channels; end blocks attached at each end of each channel, where each end blocker only blocks the top of the end of the channel Or bottom to define blocked a broken portion and an open portion, and the blocked portion and the open portion are alternately positioned in each row and each column; and a hot fluid tube header is attached to each end of the heat exchanger, first here a hot fluid tube header provides the hot fluid flow to the heat exchanger, and a second hot fluid tube header receives the hot fluid from the heat exchanger, and wherein the hot fluid tube headers are positioned at the top row Above the top of the bottom and bottom rows, and configured to be in fluid communication with the open portions of the thermal flow channels and the blocked portions of the cold flow channels such that the hot fluid can flow only through the thermal flow channels. 如申請專利範圍第10項之熱交換器，其中該冷流體係呈冷空氣流而流動的空氣，且在該第二方向中運動，在此該空氣經過該等冷流動通道的開放部分進入該等冷流動通道，且該空氣藉由該等熱流動通道上之端部阻斷件及該等熱流體管集箱被阻斷而不進入該等熱流動通道。 The heat exchanger of claim 10, wherein the cold flow system is air flowing in a flow of cold air and moves in the second direction, wherein the air enters the open portion of the cold flow passages The cold flow channels are equal, and the air is blocked by the end blockers and the hot fluid tube headers on the heat flow channels without entering the heat flow channels. 如申請專利範圍第10項之熱交換器，另包含被附接在該熱交換器的每一端部之冷流體管集箱，該等冷流體管集箱提供該冷流體至該熱交換器之流動及由該熱交換器流動該冷流體，在此該等冷流體管集箱被建構來與該等冷流動通道之開放部分及該等熱流動通道的被阻斷部分流體相通。 A heat exchanger according to claim 10, further comprising a cold fluid pipe header attached to each end of the heat exchanger, the cold fluid pipe header providing the cold fluid to the heat exchanger The cold fluid flows and flows from the heat exchanger, wherein the cold fluid headers are configured to be in fluid communication with the open portions of the cold flow passages and the blocked portions of the thermal flow passages. 如申請專利範圍第12項之熱交換器，其中該熱流體及該冷流體兩者皆係液體。 The heat exchanger of claim 12, wherein the hot fluid and the cold fluid are both liquid. 如申請專利範圍第10項之熱交換器，其中該等通道的高度比其寬度大至少100倍。 A heat exchanger according to claim 10, wherein the height of the passages is at least 100 times greater than the width thereof. 如申請專利範圍第10項之熱交換器，其中該等端部阻斷件的每一者大約阻斷該通道之端部的一半頂部或一半底部。 A heat exchanger according to claim 10, wherein each of the end blocking members blocks about half of the top or half of the bottom of the end of the passage. 如申請專利範圍第10項之熱交換器，其中該熱交換器係經由增量製造並由鋁所製成。 A heat exchanger according to claim 10, wherein the heat exchanger is manufactured in increments and made of aluminum. 一種交替通道逆流熱交換器，包含：一矩陣之通道，包括複數行及複數列，在此該等通道的一半係熱流體於第一方向中流經之熱流動通道，及該等通道的一半係冷流體於與該第一方向相反之第二方向流經的冷流動通道，且熱及冷流動通道於每一行及每一列中交替，以界定交替通道逆流配置，在此該等熱流動通道具有在所有冷流動通道上方、下方及任一側面之附近通道；端部阻斷件，附接在每一通道之每一端部，在此每一端部阻斷件只阻斷該通道端部之頂部或底部，以界定被阻斷部分及開放部分，且該被阻斷部分及該開放部分交替定位於每一行及每一列中；複數個熱流體管集箱，被附接在該熱交換器的每一端部，包括將該熱流體之流動提供至該熱交換器的熱流體管集箱、及承接來自該熱交換器之熱流體的流動之熱流體管集箱，且在此該等熱流體管集箱被建構來與該等熱流動通道的開放部分及該等冷流動通道之被阻斷部分流體相通，使得該熱流體可只流經該等熱流動通道；及複數個冷流體管集箱，被附接在該熱交換器的每一端部，包括將該冷流體之流動提供至該熱交換器的冷流體管 集箱、及承接來自該熱交換器之冷流體的流動之冷流體管集箱，且在此該等冷流體管集箱係散佈於該熱交換器之端部上的熱流體管集箱之間，並被建構來與該等冷流動通道的開放部分及該等熱流動通道之被阻斷部分流體相通，使得該冷流體可只流經該等冷流動通道。 An alternating channel counterflow heat exchanger comprising: a matrix channel comprising a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, wherein half of the channels are hot flow channels through which the thermal fluid flows in the first direction, and half of the channels a cold fluid flowing through the cold flow passage in a second direction opposite the first direction, and the hot and cold flow passages alternate in each row and each column to define an alternate channel counterflow configuration, wherein the thermal flow passages have Channels above, below and on either side of all cold flow channels; end blocks attached at each end of each channel, where each end blocker only blocks the top of the end of the channel Or a bottom portion to define a blocked portion and an open portion, and the blocked portion and the open portion are alternately positioned in each row and each column; a plurality of thermal fluid tube headers are attached to the heat exchanger Each end portion includes a hot fluid tube header that supplies the flow of the hot fluid to the heat exchanger, and a hot fluid tube header that receives the flow of the hot fluid from the heat exchanger, and wherein the hot fluid Tube set Constructed to be in fluid communication with the open portion of the heat flow channels and the blocked portion of the cold flow channels such that the hot fluid can flow only through the heat flow channels; and the plurality of cold fluid tube headers Attached to each end of the heat exchanger, including a cold fluid tube that provides flow of the cold fluid to the heat exchanger a header tank, and a cold fluid tube header that receives a flow of cold fluid from the heat exchanger, and wherein the cold fluid tube headers are dispersed in a hot fluid tube header on an end of the heat exchanger And is configured to be in fluid communication with the open portion of the cold flow passages and the blocked portion of the thermal flow passages such that the cold fluid can flow only through the cold flow passages. 如申請專利範圍第17項之熱交換器，其中該等熱流體管集箱附接至該熱交換器的一側面上之熱流體供給管線，且該等冷流體管集箱附接至該熱交換器的相反側面上之冷流體供給管線。 The heat exchanger of claim 17, wherein the hot fluid tube headers are attached to a hot fluid supply line on one side of the heat exchanger, and the cold fluid tube headers are attached to the heat A cold fluid supply line on the opposite side of the exchanger. 如申請專利範圍第17項之熱交換器，其中該等通道的每一者之寬度係大約等於高度，且該等端部阻斷件的每一者大約阻斷該通道之端部的一半頂部或一半底部。 A heat exchanger according to claim 17, wherein each of the channels has a width equal to a height, and each of the end blocks blocks approximately half of the end of the channel. Or half the bottom. 如申請專利範圍第17項之熱交換器，其中該熱交換器係經由增量製造並由鋁所製成。 A heat exchanger according to claim 17, wherein the heat exchanger is manufactured in increments and made of aluminum.
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