TW201536955A - Method for galvanizing and alloying silicon-manganese high-strength steel - Google Patents
Method for galvanizing and alloying silicon-manganese high-strength steel Download PDFInfo
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本發明係關於一種鋼材鍍鋅之方法，特別係關於一種矽錳高強度鋼合金化鍍鋅之方法。 The invention relates to a method for galvanizing steel materials, in particular to a method for alloying galvanizing of yttrium manganese high strength steel.
為因應未來石油供給匱乏與地球暖化的危機，減輕車體重量以降低油耗已成為所有汽車廠共同努力的目標。然而，為了同時兼顧安全性、加工性及耐蝕性，使用先進高強度鋼(如雙相鋼或相變誘發塑性鋼)已經是汽車生產的必然趨勢。 In order to cope with the crisis of future oil supply shortage and global warming, reducing the weight of the car body to reduce fuel consumption has become the goal of all car manufacturers. However, in order to simultaneously consider safety, processability and corrosion resistance, the use of advanced high-strength steel (such as duplex steel or phase change induced plastic steel) is an inevitable trend in automobile production.
習知相變誘發塑性鋼的基本成份為鐵-0.2%碳-2%錳-1.5%矽，利用碳及錳提供的高硬化能，在兩相區退火後保留一定比例的沃斯田鐵，再利用變韌鐵變態進一步提高沃斯田鐵硬化能，使其在室溫仍為介穩相，並可在塑性變形時受力變態為麻田散鐵，將相變態的應變轉化為塑性變形所需之應變，進而提高材料塑性，此一特性稱為相變誘發塑性。而添加矽的目的是阻止碳化物在變韌鐵變態時析出，導致延展性惡化。 The basic composition of the conventional phase-induced plasticity steel is iron-0.2% carbon-2% manganese-1.5% bismuth. The high hardening energy provided by carbon and manganese retains a certain proportion of Worthite iron after annealing in the two-phase zone. The ductile iron metamorphosis is further used to further improve the hardening energy of the Worthite iron, so that it is still a metastable phase at room temperature, and can be transformed into a granulated iron during the plastic deformation, and the strain of the phase transformation is transformed into a plastic deformation. The strain required to improve the plasticity of the material. This property is called phase change induced plasticity. The purpose of adding antimony is to prevent the carbide from being precipitated when the toughened iron is metamorphosed, resulting in deterioration of ductility.
然而，習知相變誘發塑性鋼因添加矽、錳、鉻、鈦等與氧有較佳親和力之合金元素，因此，即使在還原性氣氛的保護之下，高溫退火時仍然會在鋼材表面氧化，而所生成之表面氧化物會在鍍鋅時阻礙鐵鋁阻障層的生成，以致在合金化熱處理時，因鋅液缺乏足夠的潤濕性，導致合金化反應不均勻或出現大面積未鍍區域，進而造成合金化鍍層鍍覆性不佳。 However, the conventional phase change induces plastic steel to be alloyed with oxygen, which has a better affinity with oxygen, so that it can be oxidized on the surface of the steel even under the protection of a reducing atmosphere. The surface oxide formed may hinder the formation of the iron-aluminum barrier layer during galvanization, so that during the alloying heat treatment, the zinc solution lacks sufficient wettability, resulting in uneven alloying reaction or large area. The plated area, which in turn causes poor plating of the alloyed coating.
因此，有必要提供一創新且具進步性之矽錳高強度鋼合金化鍍鋅之方法，以解決上述問題。 Therefore, it is necessary to provide an innovative and progressive method for galvanizing high-strength steel alloying galvanizing to solve the above problems.
本發明提供一種矽錳高強度鋼合金化鍍鋅之方法，包括以下步驟：(a)提供一含矽錳之鋼材，且該鋼材之矽錳重量百分比不大於1.0；(b)於露點-30℃至0℃之條件下，對該鋼材進行一退火處理步驟，以使該鋼材表面形成三元矽錳氧化物；(c)將退火後之鋼材浸入一含鋁之鋅浴中進行鍍鋅，並使該鋼材表面之三元矽錳氧化物被鋁還原而生成一鐵鋁層；及(d)對鍍鋅後之鋼材進行合金化處理。 The invention provides a method for alloying galvanizing of bismuth manganese high-strength steel, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a cerium-containing manganese steel, and the cerium manganese weight percentage of the steel is not more than 1.0; (b) at a dew point -30 Under the condition of °C to 0 °C, the steel is subjected to an annealing treatment step to form a ternary lanthanum manganese oxide on the surface of the steel; (c) immersing the annealed steel in an aluminum-containing zinc bath for galvanizing, And the ternary lanthanum manganese oxide on the surface of the steel is reduced by aluminum to form an iron-aluminum layer; and (d) the galvanized steel is alloyed.
本發明於露點條件下進行退火，有助於鋼材表面形成三元矽錳氧化物，而在含鋁之鋅浴中進行熱浸鍍鋅，則有助於三元矽錳氧化物還原生成高覆蓋率之鐵鋁層，該鐵鋁層可增加鋼材與鋅液間的潤濕性，使得合金化反應更佳均勻，進而可在鋼材上鍍覆平坦且無缺陷之合金化熱浸鍍鋅層。 The invention is annealed under dew point conditions to help form ternary lanthanum manganese oxide on the surface of the steel, and hot dip galvanizing in the aluminum bath containing aluminum promotes high coverage of ternary lanthanum manganese oxide reduction. The iron-aluminum layer can increase the wettability between the steel and the zinc liquid, so that the alloying reaction is better and uniform, and the flat and defect-free alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer can be plated on the steel.
為了能夠更清楚瞭解本發明的技術手段，而可依照說明書的內容予以實施，並且為了讓本發明所述目的、特徵和優點能夠更明顯易懂，以下特舉較佳實施例，並配合附圖，詳細說明如下。 The embodiments of the present invention can be more clearly understood, and the objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent. The details are as follows.
S11~S14‧‧‧步驟 S11~S14‧‧‧Steps
圖1顯示本發明矽錳高強度鋼合金化鍍鋅之方法流程圖；圖2顯示本發明矽錳高強度鋼合金化鍍鋅之製程升降溫曲線圖；圖3顯示比較例1矽錳重量百分比為1.33之鋼材經合金化處理後之表面外觀顯微照片；圖4顯示發明例1矽錳重量百分比為1.0之鋼材經合金化處理後之表面外觀顯微照片；圖5顯示發明例2矽錳重量百分比為0.5之鋼材經合金化處理後之表面外觀顯微照片；及 圖6顯示本發明鐵鋁層之覆蓋率與鋼材之矽錳重量百分比的關係圖。 1 is a flow chart showing a method for alloying galvanizing of bismuth manganese high strength steel according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a graph showing a process temperature rise and fall curve of bismuth manganese high strength steel alloy galvanizing according to the present invention; Fig. 4 shows a microscopic photo of the surface appearance of the steel of 1.33 after alloying treatment; Fig. 4 shows a microscopic photo of the surface appearance of the steel of the invention of Example 1 with a weight percentage of manganese of 1.0; a photomicrograph of the surface appearance of a steel having a weight percentage of 0.5 after alloying; and Figure 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer of the present invention and the weight percentage of manganese in the steel.
圖1顯示本發明矽錳高強度鋼合金化鍍鋅之方法流程圖。參閱圖1之步驟S11，提供一含矽錳之鋼材，且該鋼材之矽錳重量百分比(wt%)不大於1.0。在此步驟中，該鋼材係可選自如下的其中一種：相變誘發塑性鋼及雙相鋼。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flow chart showing the method of alloying galvanizing of bismuth manganese high strength steel according to the present invention. Referring to step S11 of FIG. 1, a manganese-containing steel is provided, and the weight percentage (wt%) of the manganese in the steel is not more than 1.0. In this step, the steel material may be selected from one of the following: a phase change induced plastic steel and a duplex steel.
圖2顯示本發明矽錳高強度鋼合金化鍍鋅之製程升降溫曲線圖。配合參閱圖1之步驟S12及圖2，於露點-30℃至0℃之條件下，對該鋼材進行一退火處理步驟，以使該鋼材表面形成三元矽錳氧化物。在本實施例中，該退火處理步驟包括先以每秒5℃之升溫速率將該鋼材加熱至800℃並恆溫退火60秒，再以每秒15℃之降溫速率將該鋼材降溫至460℃並持溫60秒。此外，在此步驟中，該三元矽錳氧化物的化學式組成為xMnO．SiO2，而x為0.5至2。 Fig. 2 is a graph showing the process of raising and lowering the temperature of the bismuth manganese high-strength steel alloying galvanizing according to the present invention. Referring to step S12 and FIG. 2 of FIG. 1, the steel is subjected to an annealing treatment step at a dew point of -30 ° C to 0 ° C to form a ternary lanthanum manganese oxide on the surface of the steel. In this embodiment, the annealing treatment step comprises first heating the steel to 800 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C per second and annealing at a constant temperature for 60 seconds, and then cooling the steel to 460 ° C at a cooling rate of 15 ° C per second. Hold the temperature for 60 seconds. In addition, in this step, the chemical composition of the ternary manganese oxide is xMnO. SiO 2 and x is from 0.5 to 2.
配合參閱圖1之步驟S13及圖2，將退火後之鋼材浸入一含鋁之鋅浴中進行鍍鋅，並使該鋼材表面之三元矽錳氧化物被鋁還原而生成一鐵鋁層。較佳地，該鋅浴之溫度為460℃，而該鋅浴的鋁含量為0.14至0.20重量百分比(wt%)，且鍍鋅時間為4秒。此外，在此步驟中，該鐵鋁層的覆蓋率不小於80%。 Referring to step S13 and FIG. 2 of FIG. 1, the annealed steel is immersed in an aluminum-containing zinc bath for galvanization, and the ternary lanthanum manganese oxide on the surface of the steel is reduced by aluminum to form an iron-aluminum layer. Preferably, the temperature of the zinc bath is 460 ° C, and the aluminum content of the zinc bath is 0.14 to 0.20 weight percent (wt%), and the galvanizing time is 4 seconds. Further, in this step, the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer is not less than 80%.
配合參閱圖1之步驟S14及圖2，對鍍鋅後之鋼材進行合金化處理。在此步驟中，鍍鋅後之鋼材係於紅外線加熱爐中進行合金化處理，且較佳地，該合金化處理溫度為500至540℃，而該合金化處理時間為20秒。 Referring to step S14 and FIG. 2 of FIG. 1 , the galvanized steel is alloyed. In this step, the galvanized steel is alloyed in an infrared heating furnace, and preferably, the alloying treatment temperature is 500 to 540 ° C, and the alloying treatment time is 20 seconds.
茲以下列實例予以詳細說明本發明，唯並不意謂本發明僅侷限 於此等實例所揭示之內容。 The present invention will be described in detail by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the invention The content disclosed in these examples.
參閱圖3，其係顯示比較例1矽錳重量百分比為1.33之鋼材經合金化處理後之表面外觀顯微照片。圖3(a)及(b)顯示鋼材在露點0℃下退火，浸鍍鋁含量為0.14重量百分比之鋅浴後，分別在520℃及540℃之溫度條件下進行合金化反應，其結果可觀察到有許多區域鋅浴潤濕性不良，導致底材鐵裸露而無法生成連續的合金層。而圖3(c)及(d)則顯示當鋅浴之鋁含量提高至0.16重量百分比，且在相同的合金化反應溫度下，其結果依然無法獲得改善。 Referring to Fig. 3, there is shown a photomicrograph of the surface appearance of the steel of Comparative Example 1 having a manganese weight percentage of 1.33 after alloying treatment. Fig. 3 (a) and (b) show that the steel is annealed at a dew point of 0 ° C, and after immersion in a zinc bath having an aluminum content of 0.14% by weight, the alloying reaction is carried out at temperatures of 520 ° C and 540 ° C, respectively, and the results can be observed. To many areas, the zinc bath has poor wettability, causing the substrate iron to be exposed and unable to form a continuous alloy layer. 3(c) and (d) show that when the aluminum content of the zinc bath is increased to 0.16 weight percent, and the results are still not improved at the same alloying reaction temperature.
參閱圖4，其係顯示發明例1矽錳重量百分比為1.0之鋼材經合金化處理後之表面外觀顯微照片。圖4(a)顯示將鋼材之矽錳重量百分比降至1.0，且在露點0℃下退火及浸鍍鋁含量為0.14重量百分比之鋅浴的條件下，進行520℃之合金化反應後所獲得之合金層外觀，可觀察到此條件下可獲得顏色均勻且連續性佳之合金層，且未發現任何裸鐵區。圖4(b)顯示當合金化溫度上升至560℃後，則會發生合金層顏色不均的現象。圖4(c)顯示當鋅浴之鋁含量提高至0.16重量百分比，且在相同的露點及合金化反應溫度為520℃之條件下，依然可獲得顏色均勻且連續之合金層。圖4(d)顯示當鋅浴之鋁含量提高至0.16重量百分比，且在相同的露點及合金化反應溫度提高至560℃之條件下，合金層顏色不均的現象又會開始產生，甚至可觀察到波浪紋的產生。 Referring to Fig. 4, there is shown a photomicrograph of the surface appearance of the steel of the invention example 1 after the alloying of the manganese by weight of 1.0. Fig. 4(a) shows the alloying reaction at 520 °C under the condition that the weight percentage of lanthanum manganese of the steel is reduced to 1.0 and the alloy is anneal at 0 °C and immersed in a zinc bath having an aluminum content of 0.14% by weight. The appearance of the alloy layer was observed to obtain an alloy layer of uniform color and good continuity under such conditions, and no bare iron region was found. Fig. 4(b) shows that when the alloying temperature is raised to 560 ° C, the color unevenness of the alloy layer occurs. Figure 4(c) shows that when the aluminum content of the zinc bath is increased to 0.16 weight percent, and the same dew point and alloying reaction temperature is 520 ° C, a uniform color and continuous alloy layer can still be obtained. Figure 4 (d) shows that when the aluminum content of the zinc bath is increased to 0.16 weight percent, and the same dew point and alloying reaction temperature is increased to 560 ° C, the uneven color of the alloy layer will start to occur, and even The generation of wavy lines was observed.
參閱圖5，其係顯示發明例2矽錳重量百分比為0.5之鋼材經合金化處理後之表面外觀顯微照片。圖5(a)及(b)顯示將鋼材之矽錳重量百 分比降至0.5，且在露點0℃下退火及浸鍍鋁含量為0.14重量百分比之鋅浴的條件下，分別在520℃及540℃之溫度條件下進行合金化反應，其結果可觀察到合金層顏色均勻且連續。圖5(c)顯示當露點降低至-30℃，且在相同鋁含量之鋅浴浸鍍及合金化反應溫度為520℃之條件下，可觀察到有部分鋅層無發生合金化反應，而有合金化反應的區域又產生許多裸鐵區。圖5(d)顯示當露點降低至-30℃，且在相同鋁含量之鋅浴浸鍍及合金化反應溫度提高至560℃之條件下，可觀察到雖有合金化反應，但合金層的顏色相當不均且產生大量波浪紋路。 Referring to Fig. 5, there is shown a photomicrograph of the surface appearance of the steel of Invention Example 2 after the alloying of the steel having a weight percentage of manganese of 0.5. Figure 5 (a) and (b) show the weight of manganese in steel The alloying reaction was carried out at a temperature of 520 ° C and 540 ° C under the conditions of annealing at a dew point of 0 ° C and immersion in a zinc bath having an aluminum content of 0.14% by weight. The results were observed. The alloy layer is uniform and continuous in color. Figure 5 (c) shows that when the dew point is lowered to -30 ° C, and the zinc bath immersion plating and alloying reaction temperature of the same aluminum content is 520 ° C, it can be observed that some zinc layer has no alloying reaction, and The area with alloying reaction produces many bare iron areas. Figure 5 (d) shows that when the dew point is lowered to -30 ° C, and the zinc bath immersion plating and the alloying reaction temperature of the same aluminum content are increased to 560 ° C, it can be observed that although the alloying reaction, the alloy layer The colors are quite uneven and produce a lot of wavy lines.
上述實例之合金化反應結果可清楚說明鋼材之矽錳重量百分比及退火時之露點條件是影響合金化反應的主要因素。使用高矽錳重量百分比容易導致不均之合金化反應，即使增加鋅浴之鋁含量仍沒有明顯的效果。因此，當鋼材之矽錳重量百分比降低後，即可獲得顯著的改善。此外，高露點退火及浸鍍後之鋅層容易順利進行合金化反應，而當露點降低則會開始影響合金化反應的進行，即使提高反應溫度仍沒有太明顯的改善。 The results of the alloying reaction of the above examples clearly show that the weight percentage of manganese in the steel and the dew point condition during annealing are the main factors affecting the alloying reaction. The use of high cerium manganese weight percentage tends to result in an uneven alloying reaction, even if the aluminum content of the zinc bath is increased, there is no significant effect. Therefore, a significant improvement can be obtained when the weight percentage of manganese in the steel is lowered. In addition, the zinc layer after high dew point annealing and immersion plating is easy to alloy the reaction smoothly, and when the dew point is lowered, the alloying reaction is started to be affected, and even if the reaction temperature is raised, there is not much improvement.
參閱圖6，其係顯示本發明鐵鋁層之覆蓋率與鋼材之矽錳重量百分比的關係圖。如圖6所示，當鐵鋁層之覆蓋率介於40-80%時，合金化反應會不均勻，且會導致δ相晶粒會粗大、鍍層結構鬆散及厚度不均。而當鐵鋁層之覆蓋率低於40%時，則合金化反應無法進行。因此，鋼材之矽錳重量百分比為0.5時，可擁有範圍較寬的合金化反應條件。如在露點-30℃時，於鋁含量為0.16重量百分比(wt%)之鋅浴中浸鍍4秒後，可生成覆蓋率高於80%以上的鐵鋁層，其在520℃之溫度下合金化後，可獲得結構緻密、粒徑大小及厚度均勻的合金層。當露點上升到0℃後，則可在鋁含量為0.14重量百分比(wt%)之鋅浴中浸鍍 4秒，而適當的合金化溫度範圍則介於520至540℃之間，以維持鐵鋁層之覆蓋率在80%以上。當鋼材之矽錳重量百分比升至1.0時，則只能在露點0℃退火，而合金化反應溫度範圍則介於500至540℃之間，且浸鍍鋅浴之鋁含量必須高於0.16重量百分比(wt%)，以維持鐵鋁層之覆蓋率在80%以上。上述結果顯示鐵鋁層之覆蓋率亦是影響合金化反應進行的重要因素。 Referring to Figure 6, there is shown a graph showing the relationship between the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer of the present invention and the weight percentage of manganese in the steel. As shown in Fig. 6, when the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer is between 40 and 80%, the alloying reaction will be uneven, and the crystal grains of the δ phase will be coarse, the structure of the plating layer will be loose, and the thickness will be uneven. When the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer is less than 40%, the alloying reaction cannot proceed. Therefore, when the weight percentage of lanthanum manganese of the steel is 0.5, a wide range of alloying reaction conditions can be obtained. For example, at a dew point of -30 ° C, after immersion plating for 4 seconds in a zinc bath having an aluminum content of 0.16 weight percent (wt%), an iron-aluminum layer having a coverage of more than 80% can be formed at a temperature of 520 ° C. After alloying, an alloy layer having a compact structure, a uniform particle size, and a uniform thickness can be obtained. When the dew point rises to 0 ° C, it can be immersed in a zinc bath with an aluminum content of 0.14 weight percent (wt%). 4 seconds, and the appropriate alloying temperature range is between 520 and 540 ° C to maintain the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer above 80%. When the weight percentage of manganese in steel is increased to 1.0, it can only be annealed at a dew point of 0 °C, while the alloying reaction temperature range is between 500 and 540 ° C, and the aluminum content of the dip galvanizing bath must be higher than 0.16. Percentage (wt%) to maintain the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer above 80%. The above results show that the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer is also an important factor affecting the progress of the alloying reaction.
表1歸納出比較例1、發明例1及發明例2三種不同矽錳重量百分比之鋼材在不同露點、鋅浴鋁含量及合金化反應溫度下之合金化性分析結果。表1之結果顯示矽錳重量百分比為0.5之鋼材可在低露點-30℃、低鋁含量0.16wt%及合金化反應溫度520-540℃之條件下，獲得較佳的合金層，且隨著露點增加與鋁含量的提高，可獲得更佳的合金層及擴大合金化溫度範圍。然而，當矽錳重量百分比增加至1.0時，則必須使用較高的露點0℃及固定的合金化溫度520℃，才能獲得良好的合金層。 Table 1 summarizes the results of alloying analysis of three different bismuth manganese weight percentage steels in different dew point, zinc bath aluminum content and alloying reaction temperature in Comparative Example 1, Inventive Example 1, and Inventive Example 2. The results in Table 1 show that the steel with a weight percentage of cerium manganese of 0.5 can obtain a better alloy layer under the conditions of low dew point -30 ° C, low aluminum content 0.16 wt% and alloying reaction temperature 520-540 ° C, and An increase in dew point and an increase in aluminum content result in a better alloy layer and an extended alloying temperature range. However, when the weight percentage of lanthanum manganese is increased to 1.0, a higher dew point of 0 ° C and a fixed alloying temperature of 520 ° C must be used to obtain a good alloy layer.
此外，當矽錳重量百分比增加至1.33時，即便使用高露點0℃及鋁含量為0.16wt%之鋅浴，都無法獲得良好的合金層。若從鍍鋅結果來看，使用鋁含量更高的鋅浴，仍有機會獲得良好的合金層。如圖6所示，在露點0℃下，使用鋁含量為0.20wt%之鋅浴是可以獲得高於80%以上的鐵鋁層覆蓋率。 Further, when the weight percentage of cerium manganese was increased to 1.33, a good alloy layer could not be obtained even if a zinc bath having a high dew point of 0 ° C and an aluminum content of 0.16 wt % was used. From the galvanizing results, there is still a chance to obtain a good alloy layer using a zinc bath with a higher aluminum content. As shown in Fig. 6, at a dew point of 0 ° C, a zinc bath having an aluminum content of 0.20 wt% was used to obtain an iron-aluminum layer coverage of more than 80%.
從上述分析結果亦可發現對鍍鋅性而言，當鐵鋁層覆蓋率高於70%時，是可以獲得鍍鋅性佳的鍍鋅層。但對於合金化反應而言，鐵鋁層覆蓋率則必須高於80%以上，才能順利進行合金化反應。值得注意的是，不需要使用太高的合金化反應溫度，即可獲得良好的合金層。 From the above analysis results, it was also found that for the galvanizing property, when the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer is higher than 70%, it is possible to obtain a galvanized layer having a good galvanizing property. However, for the alloying reaction, the coverage of the iron-aluminum layer must be higher than 80% in order to smoothly carry out the alloying reaction. It is worth noting that a good alloy layer can be obtained without using too high alloying reaction temperatures.
○表示合金化性佳(無鋅層蒸發)；( )表示合金化反應溫度 ○ indicates good alloying property (no zinc layer evaporation); ( ) indicates alloying reaction temperature
X表示合金化性不佳(有鋅層蒸發) X indicates poor alloying (with zinc layer evaporation)
本發明於露點條件下進行退火，有助於鋼材表面形成三元矽錳氧化物，而在含鋁之鋅浴中進行熱浸鍍鋅，則有助於三元矽錳氧化物還原生成高覆蓋率之鐵鋁層，該鐵鋁層可增加鋼材與鋅液間的潤濕性，使得合金化反應更佳均勻，進而可在鋼材上鍍覆平坦且無缺陷之合金化熱浸鍍鋅層。 The invention is annealed under dew point conditions to help form ternary lanthanum manganese oxide on the surface of the steel, and hot dip galvanizing in the aluminum bath containing aluminum promotes high coverage of ternary lanthanum manganese oxide reduction. The iron-aluminum layer can increase the wettability between the steel and the zinc liquid, so that the alloying reaction is better and uniform, and the flat and defect-free alloyed hot-dip galvanized layer can be plated on the steel.
上述實施例僅為說明本發明之原理及其功效，並非限制本發明，因此習於此技術之人士對上述實施例進行修改及變化仍不脫本發明之精神。本發明之權利範圍應如後述之申請專利範圍所列。 The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention should be as set forth in the appended claims.
S11~S14‧‧‧步驟 S11~S14‧‧‧Steps
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