TW201500753A - Thermoelectric power generation efficiency simulation system - Google Patents
Thermoelectric power generation efficiency simulation system Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明是有關於一種模擬系統,特別是指一種用於熱電發電效能之模擬系統。 The present invention relates to an analog system, and more particularly to an analog system for thermoelectric power generation performance.
由於能源短缺的問題日益嚴重,使得再生能源技術的發展成為現今重要的課題,例如,如能利用排氣廢熱以熱電發電的方式進行發電,將廢熱回收重新再利用,不僅能減少能源的消耗與浪費,亦能降低廢熱對環境造成的危害。 Due to the growing shortage of energy, the development of renewable energy technology has become an important issue today. For example, if waste heat can be used to generate electricity by means of thermoelectric power generation, recycling waste heat can be reused, which not only reduces energy consumption and Waste can also reduce the harm caused by waste heat to the environment.
熱電發電的原理主要是利用熱電材料的熱電效應(Thermoelectric effect)進行發電,即利用所提供之冷、熱源造成的溫度差而產生電流,是一種能將熱能轉換為電能的發電方式。而以熱電材料進行發電的發電效率,則和冷、熱源的溫度和溫度差有極密切的關係,然而,目前於熱電發電的應用上因缺乏冷、熱源快速檢測的方法,因此無法有效且正確的搭配與設計所適用之熱電材料,確實地利用冷、熱源的溫度差產生電能,導致熱電發電的發電效能,所以,熱電發電於實際應用上的產電效能並不如預期。因此,如能模擬實際應用的環境條件,並提供該冷、熱源 的溫度、溫度差,及發電效率等資訊,以作為評估的依據,對於熱電發電在應用上的推展與落實必定有所助益。 The principle of thermoelectric power generation is mainly to use the thermoelectric effect of thermoelectric materials to generate electricity, that is, to generate current by using the temperature difference caused by the cold and heat sources provided, which is a power generation method capable of converting thermal energy into electric energy. The power generation efficiency of generating electricity by thermoelectric materials is closely related to the temperature and temperature difference between cold and heat sources. However, due to the lack of rapid detection of cold and heat sources, the application of thermoelectric power generation cannot be effective and correct. The combination of the thermoelectric materials used in the design and the use of the temperature difference between the cold and the heat source to generate electricity, resulting in the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation, therefore, the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation in practical applications is not as expected. Therefore, if it can simulate the environmental conditions of the actual application, and provide the cold and heat source Information such as temperature, temperature difference, and power generation efficiency is used as a basis for evaluation, and it will certainly help to promote the implementation and implementation of thermoelectric power generation.
習知的熱電發電效能之檢測是利用電子式加熱平板針對固態的熱源進行模擬,藉由調整該電子式加熱平板的加熱溫度控制熱源溫度,並以散熱鰭片或以冷卻水循環的方式作為冷源,而製造出冷、熱源的溫差環境。 The conventional thermoelectric power generation performance is detected by using an electronic heating plate to simulate a solid heat source, and the temperature of the heat source is controlled by adjusting the heating temperature of the electronic heating plate, and the cooling fin or the cooling water is used as a cooling source. And create a temperature difference environment of cold and heat sources.
然而,電子式加熱平板的模擬方式因受限於設備的加熱能力,僅能提供熱源溫度約200℃以下的模擬環境,並無法適用於高溫環境的熱電發電效能的檢測。再者,利用電子式加熱平板進行模擬,對於冷源的溫度不易控制,也無法針對冷卻水出入口的溫度及流量進行監控,導致無法精確地掌握冷、熱源的溫差而利用熱電材料達到最佳化的設計。除此之外,以電子式加熱平板進行加熱,僅能提供固態熱源的模擬,對於鋼鐵業等高熱製程所衍生出氣態形式的廢熱,便無法精確得知其利用熱電發電所能達到的效益。 However, the simulation method of the electronic heating plate is limited by the heating capacity of the device, and can only provide a simulation environment with a heat source temperature of about 200 ° C or less, and cannot be applied to the detection of the thermoelectric power generation efficiency in a high temperature environment. Furthermore, the simulation using an electronic heating plate makes it difficult to control the temperature of the cold source, and it is impossible to monitor the temperature and flow rate of the cooling water inlet and outlet, so that the temperature difference between the cold and the heat source cannot be accurately grasped and the thermoelectric material is optimized. the design of. In addition, heating with an electronic heating plate can only provide a simulation of the solid heat source. For the waste heat of the gaseous form derived from the high-heat process such as the steel industry, it is impossible to accurately know the benefits that can be achieved by using the thermoelectric power generation.
基於上述熱電發電的發展與應用,如何針對不同的熱源溫度與發電效能進行模擬與評估,以提升廢熱回收率達到節能減碳的成效,係為本發明研究探討的重要目標。 Based on the development and application of the above-mentioned thermoelectric power generation, how to simulate and evaluate different heat source temperatures and power generation efficiency to improve the waste heat recovery rate to achieve energy saving and carbon reduction is an important goal of the research.
因此,本發明之目的,即在提供一種能模擬不同的冷、熱源溫度,並提供熱電發電效能之相關資訊的熱 電發電效能之模擬系統。 Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a heat that can simulate different temperatures of cold and heat sources and provide information on the performance of thermoelectric power generation. Simulation system for electric power generation efficiency.
於是,本發明熱電發電效能之模擬系統,包含一加熱單元、一氣體通道、一熱電轉換單元,及一檢測單元。 Therefore, the simulation system for thermoelectric power generation efficiency of the present invention comprises a heating unit, a gas passage, a thermoelectric conversion unit, and a detecting unit.
該加熱單元用以加熱一氣體;該氣體通道與該加熱單元連接並使該經過加熱之氣體通過。 The heating unit is for heating a gas; the gas passage is connected to the heating unit and passes the heated gas.
該熱電轉換元件設置於該氣體通道的外壁面,包括複數個與外壁面連接的熱電元件,及一與該等熱電元件連接的冷卻循環元件,該等熱電元件以流經該氣體通道之氣體作為熱源,並以該冷卻循環元件作為冷源,利用該冷、熱源之間的溫差效應轉換產生電能。 The thermoelectric conversion element is disposed on an outer wall surface of the gas passage, and includes a plurality of thermoelectric elements connected to the outer wall surface, and a cooling cycle element connected to the thermoelectric elements, wherein the thermoelectric elements are used as a gas flowing through the gas passage The heat source uses the cooling cycle element as a cold source to generate electrical energy by utilizing the temperature difference effect between the cold and heat sources.
該檢測單元與該熱電轉換單元連接,並用於量測該熱電轉換單元所接收的冷、熱源溫度、熱流量,及該等熱電元件所產生的電訊號。 The detecting unit is connected to the thermoelectric conversion unit and is configured to measure the temperature of the cold and heat source received by the thermoelectric conversion unit, the heat flow rate, and the electrical signals generated by the thermoelectric elements.
較佳地,前述熱電發電效能之模擬系統,還包含一用於感測該氣體的溫度與流速的感測單元,包括複數個設置於該氣體通道之內壁面的溫度計,及複數個設置於該氣體通道之內壁面的流速壓力感測器。 Preferably, the simulation system of the thermoelectric power generation performance further includes a sensing unit for sensing the temperature and the flow rate of the gas, and includes a plurality of thermometers disposed on an inner wall surface of the gas passage, and a plurality of Flow rate pressure sensor on the inner wall of the gas passage.
較佳地,前述熱電發電效能之模擬系統,其中,該等溫度計及流速壓力感測器是以交錯排列的方式設置於該氣體通道之內壁面。 Preferably, the aforementioned thermoelectric power generation performance simulation system, wherein the thermometers and the flow rate pressure sensors are disposed on the inner wall surface of the gas passage in a staggered manner.
較佳地,前述熱電發電效能之模擬系統,還包含一分別與該感測單元及該檢測單元電連接的訊號處理單 元,包括一用以接收並紀錄該感測單元及該檢測單元之量測結果的處理器,及一與該處理器連接並用以顯示該等量測結果的顯示器。 Preferably, the simulation system for thermoelectric power generation performance further includes a signal processing unit electrically connected to the sensing unit and the detecting unit respectively. And a processor for receiving and recording the measurement result of the sensing unit and the detecting unit, and a display connected to the processor for displaying the measurement results.
較佳地,前述熱電發電效能之模擬系統,其中,該等熱電元件是以陣列的方式排列並設置於該氣體通道的外壁面。 Preferably, the aforementioned thermoelectric power generation performance simulation system, wherein the thermoelectric elements are arranged in an array and disposed on an outer wall surface of the gas passage.
較佳地,前述熱電發電效能之模擬系統,其中,該冷卻循環元件包括一存放有一冷卻液體的儲存槽、一與該儲存槽連接並設置於該等熱電元件遠離該氣體通道的表面的冷卻管路,及一用以抽排該冷卻液體自該儲存槽進入該冷卻管路的幫浦。 Preferably, the aforementioned thermoelectric power generation simulation system, wherein the cooling cycle element comprises a storage tank storing a cooling liquid, a cooling pipe connected to the storage tank and disposed on a surface of the thermoelectric element away from the gas passage a road, and a pump for pumping the cooling liquid from the storage tank into the cooling line.
較佳地,前述熱電發電效能之模擬系統,其中,該冷卻循環元件具有多片與該等熱電元件遠離該氣體通道的表面連接並呈間隔排列的散熱鰭片。 Preferably, the aforementioned thermoelectric power generation simulation system, wherein the cooling cycle element has a plurality of heat dissipation fins connected to the surfaces of the thermoelectric elements away from the gas passage and arranged at intervals.
較佳地,前述熱電發電效能之模擬系統,其中,該氣體通道的外壁面具有複數個***孔,該每一個熱電元件具有至少一對應插設於該每一個***孔的吸熱片,及多片與該吸熱片連接並呈間隔排列的集熱鰭片。 Preferably, the thermoelectric power generation performance simulation system has an outer wall surface of the gas passage having a plurality of insertion holes, each of the thermoelectric elements having at least one heat absorbing sheet corresponding to each of the insertion holes, and a plurality of pieces A heat collecting fin that is connected to the heat absorbing sheet and arranged at intervals.
較佳地,前述熱電發電效能之模擬系統,其中,該冷卻循環元件具有多片與該等熱電元件的表面連接並呈間隔排列的散熱鰭片。 Preferably, the aforementioned thermoelectric power generation simulation system, wherein the cooling cycle element has a plurality of heat dissipation fins connected to the surfaces of the thermoelectric elements and arranged at intervals.
較佳地,前述熱電發電效能之模擬系統,其中,該熱源的溫度介於100℃至800℃,冷源的溫度介於25℃ 至100℃。 Preferably, the aforementioned thermoelectric power generation performance simulation system, wherein the temperature of the heat source is between 100 ° C and 800 ° C, and the temperature of the cold source is between 25 ° C To 100 ° C.
2‧‧‧加熱單元 2‧‧‧heating unit
3‧‧‧氣體通道 3‧‧‧ gas passage
31‧‧‧內壁面 31‧‧‧ inner wall
32‧‧‧外壁面 32‧‧‧ outer wall
33‧‧‧***孔 33‧‧‧Insert hole
4‧‧‧感測單元 4‧‧‧Sensor unit
41‧‧‧溫度計 41‧‧‧ thermometer
42‧‧‧流速壓力感測器 42‧‧‧Flow pressure sensor
5‧‧‧熱電轉換單元 5‧‧‧Thermal conversion unit
51‧‧‧熱電元件 51‧‧‧Thermal components
511‧‧‧吸熱片 511‧‧‧heat absorbing film
512‧‧‧集熱鰭片 512‧‧‧ collecting fins
513‧‧‧熱電晶片 513‧‧‧Thermal chip
52‧‧‧冷卻循環元件 52‧‧‧Cooling cycle components
521‧‧‧儲存槽 521‧‧‧ storage tank
522‧‧‧冷卻管路 522‧‧‧Cooling line
523‧‧‧幫浦 523‧‧‧
524‧‧‧散熱鰭片 524‧‧‧heat fins
6‧‧‧檢測單元 6‧‧‧Detection unit
7‧‧‧訊號處理單元 7‧‧‧Signal Processing Unit
71‧‧‧處理器 71‧‧‧ Processor
72‧‧‧顯示器 72‧‧‧ display
本發明之其他的特徵及功效,將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現,其中:圖1是一平面示意圖,說明本發明熱電發電效能之模擬系統的第一較佳實施例;圖2是一剖視示意圖,說明該較佳實施例中感測單元的分佈態樣;圖3是一平面示意圖,說明該較佳實施例中冷卻循環元件的一態樣;圖4是一側視示意圖,說明該較佳實施例中冷卻循環元件的另一態樣;圖5是一側視示意圖,說明本發明熱電發電效能之模擬系統的第二較佳實施例;及圖6是一X-Y散布圖,說明以該較佳實施例進行模擬的液體流量與發電量之變化關係。 Other features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a first preferred embodiment of the simulation system for thermoelectric power generation efficiency of the present invention; Is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the distribution of the sensing unit in the preferred embodiment; FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a state of the cooling cycle element in the preferred embodiment; FIG. 4 is a side view Another aspect of the cooling cycle element of the preferred embodiment is illustrated; FIG. 5 is a side elevational view showing a second preferred embodiment of the simulation system for thermoelectric power generation efficiency of the present invention; and FIG. 6 is an XY scatter diagram. The relationship between the flow rate of the liquid simulated in the preferred embodiment and the amount of power generation will be described.
在本發明被詳細描述之前,應該注意在以下的說明內容中,類似的元件是以相同的編號來表示。 Before the present invention is described in detail, it should be noted that in the following description, similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals.
參閱圖1與圖2,本發明熱電發電效能之模擬系統的第一較佳實施例包含一加熱單元2、一氣體通道3、一感測單元4、一熱電轉換單元5、一檢測單元6,及一訊號處理單元7。 Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, a first preferred embodiment of the simulation system for thermoelectric power generation performance of the present invention comprises a heating unit 2, a gas passage 3, a sensing unit 4, a thermoelectric conversion unit 5, and a detecting unit 6, And a signal processing unit 7.
該加熱單元2用以加熱一氣體,該氣體通道3與該加熱單元2連接並使該經過加熱之氣體通過,該氣體通道3包括一與該通過之氣體接觸的內壁面31,及一與該內壁面31相對的外壁面32。 The heating unit 2 is configured to heat a gas, the gas passage 3 is connected to the heating unit 2 and passes the heated gas, the gas passage 3 includes an inner wall surface 31 in contact with the passing gas, and a The outer wall surface 32 opposite to the inner wall surface 31.
該感測單元4用以感測該氣體的溫度與流速,包括複數個設置於該氣體通道3之內壁面31的溫度計41,及複數個設置於該氣體通道3之內壁面31的流速壓力感測器42,且該等溫度計41及流速壓力感測器42是以如圖2所示交錯排列的方式設置於該氣體通道3的內壁面31,並可與該訊號處理單元7訊號連接。由於該等溫度計41及流速壓力感測器42是以交錯排列且平均分佈的方式設置於該氣體通道3的內壁面31,因此,將該等溫度計41及流速壓力感測器42分別量測得到之溫度值與流速值經計算獲得平均值,便可準確得知流經該氣體通道3之氣體的溫度與流速。 The sensing unit 4 is configured to sense the temperature and flow rate of the gas, and includes a plurality of thermometers 41 disposed on the inner wall surface 31 of the gas passage 3, and a plurality of flow velocity feelings disposed on the inner wall surface 31 of the gas passage 3. The detectors 42 and the flow rate pressure sensors 42 are disposed on the inner wall surface 31 of the gas passage 3 in a staggered manner as shown in FIG. 2, and can be connected to the signal processing unit 7. Since the thermometer 41 and the flow velocity sensor 42 are disposed on the inner wall surface 31 of the gas passage 3 in a staggered and evenly distributed manner, the thermometer 41 and the flow velocity sensor 42 are respectively measured. The temperature value and the flow rate value are calculated to obtain an average value, and the temperature and flow rate of the gas flowing through the gas passage 3 can be accurately known.
配合參閱圖3,該熱電轉換單元5設置於該氣體通道3的外壁面32,包括複數個以陣列方式排列並設置於該氣體通道3之外壁面32上的熱電元件51,及一與該等熱電元件51的表面連接的冷卻循環元件52,該冷卻循環元件52包括一存放有一冷卻液體的儲存槽521、一與該儲存槽521連通並設置於該等熱電元件51遠離該外壁面32的表面的冷卻管路522,及一用以抽排該冷卻液體自該儲存槽521進入該冷卻管路522的幫浦523,該幫浦523能抽排該冷卻 液體於該冷卻管路522中循環,利用該於冷卻管路522中循環的冷卻液體形成冷源,並藉由幫浦523控制該冷卻液體的液體流量而進一步調控該冷源的溫度。該等熱電元件51以流經該氣體通道3之氣體作為熱源,並以該冷卻循環元件52作為冷源,利用該冷、熱源之間的溫差效應轉換產生電能。 Referring to FIG. 3, the thermoelectric conversion unit 5 is disposed on the outer wall surface 32 of the gas passage 3, and includes a plurality of thermoelectric elements 51 arranged in an array and disposed on the outer wall surface 32 of the gas passage 3, and a plurality of The surface of the thermoelectric element 51 is connected to a cooling cycle element 52. The cooling cycle element 52 includes a storage tank 521 for storing a cooling liquid, a communication with the storage tank 521, and a surface of the thermoelectric element 51 away from the outer wall surface 32. a cooling pipe 522, and a pump 523 for pumping the cooling liquid from the storage tank 521 into the cooling pipe 522, the pump 523 can pump the cooling The liquid circulates in the cooling line 522, the cooling liquid circulating in the cooling line 522 is used to form a cold source, and the temperature of the cold source is further regulated by the pump 523 controlling the liquid flow rate of the cooling liquid. The thermoelectric elements 51 use a gas flowing through the gas passage 3 as a heat source, and the cooling cycle element 52 serves as a cold source, and the electric energy is converted by the temperature difference effect between the cold and heat sources.
較佳地,該冷卻液體的液體流量不大於100 ml/s。更佳地,該熱源的溫度介於100℃至800℃,氣體流速不大於4.4 m/s,該氣體通道3的外壁面32熱通量不大於6000 W/m2,且該冷源的溫度介於25℃至100℃。 Preferably, the liquid flow rate of the cooling liquid is not more than 100 ml/s. More preferably, the temperature of the heat source is between 100 ° C and 800 ° C, the gas flow rate is not more than 4.4 m / s, the heat flux of the outer wall surface 32 of the gas passage 3 is not more than 6000 W / m 2 , and the temperature of the cold source Between 25 ° C and 100 ° C.
另,配合參閱圖4,該冷卻循環元件52也可以是具有多片且由高熱傳導效率的材料構成,並與該等熱電元件51的表面連接並呈間隔排列的散熱鰭片524,藉由該等散熱鰭片524增加與空氣接觸的面積而使熱能溢散形成冷源。較佳地,該等散熱鰭片524是以金屬材料所製成。 In addition, referring to FIG. 4, the cooling cycle element 52 may also be a heat dissipation fin 524 having a plurality of materials and composed of a material having high heat conduction efficiency and connected to the surfaces of the thermoelectric elements 51 and arranged at intervals. The heat sink fins 524 increase the area in contact with the air to cause the heat to escape to form a cold source. Preferably, the heat dissipation fins 524 are made of a metal material.
該檢測單元6分別與該熱電轉換單元5及該訊號處理單元7連接,並用於量測該熱電轉換單元5所接收的冷、熱源溫度、熱流量,及該等熱電元件51所產生的電訊號,例如,該檢測單元6可包含一測溫計、一熱流計,及一電訊號量測器,利用該測溫計測量該每一個熱電元件51的冷、熱源溫度,由該熱流計可知該每一個熱電元件51接收的熱流量,再藉由該電訊號量測器量測該每一個熱電元件51所產生的電訊號。此外,該檢測單元6還可經由改 變該等熱電元件51的串、並聯組合,或再增加一與該電訊號量測器搭配的可變電阻器,加以調控該等熱電元件51的發電功率,而可進一步量測得到該等熱電元件51最佳的發電功率。 The detecting unit 6 is connected to the thermoelectric conversion unit 5 and the signal processing unit 7 respectively, and is used for measuring the temperature of the cold and heat sources, the heat flow rate received by the thermoelectric conversion unit 5, and the electrical signals generated by the thermoelectric elements 51. For example, the detecting unit 6 may include a thermometer, a heat flow meter, and a telecommunication measuring device, and the temperature of the cold and heat sources of each of the thermoelectric elements 51 is measured by the thermometer, and the heat flow meter knows the The heat flux received by each of the thermoelectric elements 51 is used to measure the electrical signals generated by each of the thermoelectric elements 51 by the electrical signal measuring device. In addition, the detecting unit 6 can also be modified The series or parallel combination of the thermoelectric elements 51 is changed, or a variable resistor matched with the electrical signal measuring device is further added to regulate the power generation of the thermoelectric elements 51, and the thermoelectric power can be further measured. The optimum power generation of component 51.
該訊號處理單元7分別與該感測單元4及該檢測單元6電連接,包括一用以接收並紀錄該感測單元4及該檢測單元6之量測結果的處理器71,及一與該處理器71連接並用以顯示該等量測結果的顯示器72。 The signal processing unit 7 is electrically connected to the sensing unit 4 and the detecting unit 6, respectively, and includes a processor 71 for receiving and recording the measurement results of the sensing unit 4 and the detecting unit 6, and The processor 71 is coupled to the display 72 for displaying the measurements.
參閱圖5,本發明熱電發電效能之模擬系統的第二較佳實施與該第一較佳實施例大致相同,不同之處在於該第二較佳實施例中,該氣體通道3具有複數個以陣列方式排列的***孔33,而該等熱電元件51分別對應插設於該等***孔33。其中,該每一個熱電元件51具有一對應插設於該每一個***孔33的吸熱片511、多片與該吸熱片511連接並呈間隔排列的集熱鰭片512、及至少一設置於該吸熱片511的表面且能利用冷、熱源間的溫度差轉換產生電能的熱電晶片513。 Referring to FIG. 5, a second preferred embodiment of the simulation system for thermoelectric power generation performance of the present invention is substantially the same as the first preferred embodiment, except that in the second preferred embodiment, the gas passage 3 has a plurality of The insertion holes 33 are arranged in an array manner, and the thermoelectric elements 51 are respectively inserted into the insertion holes 33. Each of the thermoelectric elements 51 has a heat absorbing sheet 511 corresponding to each of the insertion holes 33, a plurality of heat collecting fins 512 connected to the heat absorbing sheet 511 and arranged at intervals, and at least one of the heat collecting fins 512 disposed at the interval The surface of the heat absorbing sheet 511 and the thermoelectric wafer 513 capable of generating electric energy can be converted by a temperature difference between the cold and heat sources.
於該第二較佳實施例中,是以二個分別設置於該吸熱片511的表面的熱電晶片513為例作說明,且該吸熱片511與該等集熱鰭片512是以金屬材料一體成形所製成,該吸熱片511呈長板狀,而該等集熱鰭片512則是連接於該吸熱片511的相反兩側。於實際應用時,利用該等集熱鰭片512直接與該經過加熱的氣體接觸而充分收集該 氣體的熱能,再經由該吸熱片511將熱能集中傳遞至該等熱電晶片513,並配合該等設置於該等熱電晶片513的表面且呈間隔排列的散熱鰭片524,形成熱源與冷源而使該等熱電晶片513產生電能。 In the second preferred embodiment, two thermoelectric wafers 513 respectively disposed on the surface of the heat absorbing sheet 511 are taken as an example, and the heat absorbing sheet 511 and the heat collecting fins 512 are integrated with a metal material. The heat absorbing sheet 511 is formed in a long plate shape, and the heat collecting fins 512 are connected to opposite sides of the heat absorbing sheet 511. In practical applications, the collector fins 512 are directly contacted with the heated gas to sufficiently collect the The heat energy of the gas is transferred to the thermoelectric wafers 513 through the heat absorbing sheet 511, and the heat sinks and the heat sinks are disposed on the surfaces of the thermoelectric wafers 513. The thermoelectric wafers 513 are caused to generate electrical energy.
一般來說,熱電發電的效能是會隨著溫度差的增加而提升,以該第一較佳實施例為例,該等冷卻管路522中的冷卻液體若採用較大的液體流量,因冷源的溫度降低,應該會使得冷、熱源的溫度差增加而提升該等熱電元件51的發電量,但值得注意的是,該等熱電元件51的發電量卻不會正比於該冷卻液體的流量大小,主要是因為當該冷卻液體的流量增加時,亦會同時影響到熱源的溫度,而使熱源的溫度下降,導致冷、熱源的溫度差減少。 In general, the performance of the thermoelectric power generation is increased as the temperature difference increases. Taking the first preferred embodiment as an example, if the cooling liquid in the cooling lines 522 uses a large liquid flow rate, it is cold. The temperature of the source is lowered, which should increase the temperature difference between the cold and heat sources to increase the power generation of the thermoelectric elements 51. However, it is worth noting that the amount of power generated by the thermoelectric elements 51 is not proportional to the flow rate of the cooling liquid. The size is mainly because when the flow rate of the cooling liquid is increased, the temperature of the heat source is also affected at the same time, and the temperature of the heat source is lowered, resulting in a decrease in the temperature difference between the cold and the heat source.
另,於該第二較佳實施例中該等集熱鰭片512的面積大小或數量應是正比於該等熱電晶片513所接收到的溫度,亦即該等集熱鰭片512的面積越大或數量越多,則該等熱電晶片513的熱源溫度越高,但當熱源溫度提升的同時亦會影響該等散熱鰭片524的散熱效率,也就是說,當該熱電發電是應用於一產生較大熱量的熱源時,可以縮小該等集熱鰭片512的面積或減少使用的數量,使其不至於影響冷源的溫度,藉此方式,便可有效地增加冷、熱源的溫度差,進而提升該等熱電晶片513的發電量。 In addition, in the second preferred embodiment, the size or the number of the heat collecting fins 512 should be proportional to the temperature received by the thermoelectric wafers 513, that is, the area of the heat collecting fins 512 is larger. The higher the temperature, the higher the heat source temperature of the thermoelectric wafer 513, but the heat dissipation temperature of the heat sink 513 also affects the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation fins 524, that is, when the thermoelectric power generation is applied to When a heat source generating a large amount of heat is used, the area of the heat collecting fins 512 can be reduced or the number of the heat collecting fins 512 can be reduced so as not to affect the temperature of the cold source, thereby effectively increasing the temperature difference between the cold and the heat source. Further, the amount of power generated by the thermoelectric wafers 513 is increased.
熱電發電應用於不同環境的冷、熱源溫度或該等熱電元件51所應搭配選用的數量並不易得到最佳化的發 電條件,因此,藉由本發明該感測單元4用以得知氣體的溫度與流速,並配合該檢測單元6用於量測得知該熱電轉換單元5所接收的冷、熱源溫度、熱流量,以及該等熱電元件51所產生的電訊號,而可因應不同環境的冷、熱源溫度,進行設計並調控各項會影響該等熱電元件51發電效率的變因,例如設計該等集熱鰭片512的面積大小作為熱源的調控,或是調整該等熱電元件51的安裝間距與使用數量,使熱源不易因該等熱電元件51的安裝間距過窄或使用數量過多而分散,因而能得到最有效的利用。 The application of thermoelectric power generation to the temperature of the cold and heat sources in different environments or the number of the thermoelectric elements 51 to be used together is not easy to be optimized. The sensing unit 4 is used to know the temperature and flow rate of the gas, and cooperates with the detecting unit 6 to measure the temperature of the cold and heat source and the heat flow received by the thermoelectric conversion unit 5 . And the electrical signals generated by the thermoelectric elements 51, and can design and regulate various factors that affect the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric elements 51 according to the temperature of the cold and heat sources in different environments, such as designing the heat collecting fins. The size of the sheet 512 is adjusted as a heat source, or the mounting pitch and the number of the thermoelectric elements 51 are adjusted, so that the heat source is not easily dispersed due to the narrow installation pitch or the excessive number of the thermoelectric elements 51. Effective use.
除此之外,本發明還能分別提供該熱電轉換單元5各個區域的冷、熱源溫度、溫度差、熱通量、電壓與電流量、發電量、氣體的溫度與流速等各項資訊,藉由該訊號處理單元7亦可將該等熱電元件51於發電過程中的相關資訊進行紀錄與儲存。 In addition, the present invention can also provide various information such as cold, heat source temperature, temperature difference, heat flux, voltage and current amount, power generation amount, gas temperature and flow rate of each region of the thermoelectric conversion unit 5, and the like. The signal processing unit 7 can also record and store related information of the thermoelectric elements 51 during power generation.
為了使本發明熱電發電效能之模擬系統的功效更為清楚,故就以下一個具體例作進一步的說明。 In order to make the efficacy of the simulation system for thermoelectric power generation efficiency of the present invention clearer, a specific example will be further described.
該具體例是以本發明該第一較佳實施例進行操作模擬,分別以該氣體通道3的外壁面32熱流量為2000 W/m2、4000 W/m2,及6000 W/m2,並搭配該冷卻液體的液體流量分別為20 ml/s、40 ml/s、60 ml/s、80 ml/s,及100 ml/s作為模擬的條件,藉由量測該等熱電元件51的發電量,來加以說明本發明熱電發電效能之模擬系統於實際應 用上的優點。 The specific example is simulated by the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the heat flux of the outer wall surface 32 of the gas passage 3 is 2000 W/m 2 , 4000 W/m 2 , and 6000 W/m 2 , respectively. And the liquid flow rate of the cooling liquid is 20 ml/s, 40 ml/s, 60 ml/s, 80 ml/s, and 100 ml/s as simulation conditions, by measuring the thermoelectric elements 51 The amount of power generation is used to illustrate the advantages of the simulation system of the thermoelectric power generation efficiency of the present invention in practical applications.
參閱圖6,圖6為該具體例於不同條件下的液體流量與發電量的量測結果,由該液體流量與發電量變化關係圖可知,當熱流量越高,該等熱電元件51的發電量也會隨著增加。但值得注意的是,以熱流量6000 W/m2為例,會發現該等熱電元件51的發電量並不會隨著液體流量的增加而呈現線性的趨勢,且控制該液體流量為80 ml/s時,其熱電發電的發電量為最大值,因此可知以熱流量6000 W/m2作為熱源,需搭配80 ml/s的液體流量是為最佳的熱電發電條件。 Referring to FIG. 6, FIG. 6 is a measurement result of liquid flow rate and power generation amount under different conditions in the specific example. From the relationship between the liquid flow rate and the power generation amount, it can be seen that the higher the heat flow rate, the power generation of the thermoelectric elements 51. The amount will also increase. However, it is worth noting that, taking the heat flux of 6000 W/m 2 as an example, it is found that the amount of power generated by the thermoelectric elements 51 does not tend to linear with the increase of the liquid flow rate, and the liquid flow rate is controlled to be 80 ml. At /s, the amount of power generated by the thermoelectric generation is the maximum. Therefore, it is known that a heat flow rate of 6000 W/m 2 is used as a heat source, and a liquid flow rate of 80 ml/s is required to be an optimum thermoelectric power generation condition.
本發明利用大面積及氣體熱源的方式進行模擬,不僅模擬的熱源溫度可達800℃,亦能同時量測得知冷源的溫度,進而準確計算出冷、熱源的溫度差,再利用該檢測單元6得知熱電發電的發電效能,以作為實際應用評估的依據,而設計出最佳發電效率的熱電發電系統。除此之外,目前可用以提供熱電發電系統的熱能來源亦相當廣泛,可來自於一自然熱源或非自然熱源,例如太陽能熱能、汽車廢熱、工業廢熱等等,其中,鋼鐵工業即屬於高熱製程,於製程中會衍生許多的高溫廢氣,如能充分回收並加以利用該廢熱能源進行發電,不僅能降低生產成本,還能減少二氧化碳的排放量,進一步達到節能減碳的功效。 The invention utilizes a large area and a gas heat source to simulate, not only the simulated heat source temperature can reach 800 ° C, but also can simultaneously measure the temperature of the cold source, thereby accurately calculating the temperature difference between the cold and the heat source, and then using the detection. Unit 6 knows the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation to design a thermoelectric power generation system with the best power generation efficiency as a basis for practical application evaluation. In addition, the thermal energy sources currently available to provide thermoelectric power generation systems are also quite extensive, and can come from a natural heat source or an unnatural heat source, such as solar heat energy, automobile waste heat, industrial waste heat, etc., wherein the steel industry belongs to a high heat process. In the process, many high-temperature exhaust gases will be derived. If the waste heat energy can be fully recovered and used to generate electricity, it can not only reduce production costs, but also reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and further achieve energy-saving and carbon-reducing effects.
綜上所述,本發明利用模擬的方式,進一步掌握並確認熱電發電的發電效能,以強化廢熱回收技術並提 升廢熱回收率,並可廣泛應用於不同的產業及領域,不僅能達到環保的功效,亦能有效地提升熱電發電的實用價值,故確實能達成本發明之目的。 In summary, the present invention further utilizes the simulation method to further grasp and confirm the power generation efficiency of the thermoelectric power generation, so as to strengthen the waste heat recovery technology and The waste heat recovery rate can be widely applied to different industries and fields, which not only can achieve environmental protection effects, but also can effectively improve the practical value of thermoelectric power generation, so it can achieve the object of the present invention.
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。 The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, that is, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made by the patent application scope and patent specification content of the present invention, All remain within the scope of the invention patent.
2‧‧‧加熱單元 2‧‧‧heating unit
3‧‧‧氣體通道 3‧‧‧ gas passage
32‧‧‧外壁面 32‧‧‧ outer wall
5‧‧‧熱電轉換單元 5‧‧‧Thermal conversion unit
6‧‧‧檢測單元 6‧‧‧Detection unit
7‧‧‧訊號處理單元 7‧‧‧Signal Processing Unit
71‧‧‧處理器 71‧‧‧ Processor
72‧‧‧顯示器 72‧‧‧ display
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