TW201446359A - Casting apparatus and method of controlling said apparatus - Google Patents

Casting apparatus and method of controlling said apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201446359A
TW201446359A TW103116912A TW103116912A TW201446359A TW 201446359 A TW201446359 A TW 201446359A TW 103116912 A TW103116912 A TW 103116912A TW 103116912 A TW103116912 A TW 103116912A TW 201446359 A TW201446359 A TW 201446359A
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Taiwan
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slag
mold
zone
casting
metal particles
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TW103116912A
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Chinese (zh)
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Klaus Peter Kinzel
Paul Tockert
Gruiter Christian De
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Wurth Paul Sa
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Publication of TW201446359A publication Critical patent/TW201446359A/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C21B3/08—Cooling slag
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G17/00—Conveyors having an endless traction element, e.g. a chain, transmitting movement to a continuous or substantially-continuous load-carrying surface or to a series of individual load-carriers; Endless-chain conveyors in which the chains form the load-carrying surface
    • B65G17/12—Conveyors having an endless traction element, e.g. a chain, transmitting movement to a continuous or substantially-continuous load-carrying surface or to a series of individual load-carriers; Endless-chain conveyors in which the chains form the load-carrying surface comprising a series of individual load-carriers fixed, or normally fixed, relative to traction element
    • B65G17/126—Bucket elevators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G17/00—Conveyors having an endless traction element, e.g. a chain, transmitting movement to a continuous or substantially-continuous load-carrying surface or to a series of individual load-carriers; Endless-chain conveyors in which the chains form the load-carrying surface
    • B65G17/30—Details; Auxiliary devices
    • B65G17/32—Individual load-carriers
    • B65G17/36—Individual load-carriers having concave surfaces, e.g. buckets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/02—Physical or chemical treatment of slags
    • C21B2400/03—Removing sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2400/00—Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes
    • C21B2400/05—Apparatus features
    • C21B2400/06—Conveyors on which slag is cooled

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)

Abstract

A method or apparatus for dry slag granulation of hot liquid slag using a casting apparatus comprising an endless conveyor having a plurality of casting moulds, which endless conveyor is arranged to move said casting moulds in a first section from a slag pouring zone through a cooling zone to a discharge zone and in a second section back to the slag pouring zone, comprising the continuous steps of pouring an amount of hot liquid slag into a casting mould in a position N in the slag pouring zone, moving the hot liquid slag containing casting mould in a position within the cooling zone, adding solid metallic particles to the hot liquid slag containing casting mould by dropping an amount of said particles into the mould from a dispensing device arranged above said mould and comprising at least one hopper for storing said solid metallic particles, discharging the cooled solidified slag from the mould in the discharge zone, wherein the amount of liquid slag in the casting mould is controlled by arranging the slag pouring zone in the first section of the endless conveyor to convey the moulds with a first slope angle α which limits the effective maximum filling volume of the mould in the slag pouring zone to a value V α , any excess slag cascading back to an upstream casting mould in position N-1, N-2, etc. wherein the cooling zone is arranged with a second slope angle β < α such that the effective maximum filling volume of the mould in the cooling zone has a value V β > V α and wherein the amount of metallic particles added by the dispensing device is controlled by actuating of at least one actuated sliding gate arranged at the hopper's outlet.

Description

鑄造設備以及控制該設備的方法 Casting equipment and method of controlling the same

本發明一般而言係關於來自金屬工業(且更特定而言來自鐵工業)之熔渣的粒化。 The invention relates generally to granulation of slag from the metal industry, and more particularly from the iron industry.

習知地，冶金熔渣係在水中加以粒化。 Conventionally, metallurgical slag is granulated in water.

水淬火確保冶金熔渣之快速凝固，在高爐熔渣之情況下，此快速凝固係獲得有價值的產物之必要條件。首先使用噴水器來將熱液體熔渣流***成極小的粒子且將該等粒子轉移至水浴中。來自熱熔渣之能量係經由熱液體熔渣與水之間的直接接觸加以提取。因為此必須在周圍壓力下發生，所以熔渣之溫度立即降低至低於100℃之溫度級。 Water quenching ensures rapid solidification of the metallurgical slag, which is a necessary condition for obtaining valuable products in the case of blast furnace slag. A water sprayer is first used to split the hot liquid slag stream into very small particles and transfer the particles to a water bath. The energy from the hot slag is extracted via direct contact between the hot liquid slag and the water. Since this must occur under ambient pressure, the temperature of the slag is immediately reduced to a temperature level below 100 °C.

然而，水粒化方法之主要缺點為，熱液體熔渣中所含有之硫磺與水反應且生成二氧化硫(SO2)及硫化氫(H2S)。 However, the main disadvantage of the water granulation method is that the sulfur contained in the hot liquid slag reacts with water to form sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S).

此外，必須注意的是，必須注意足夠快且足夠多地降低熔渣之溫度，來獲得玻璃化的或非晶質的熔渣而不是在市場上定價低很多(約15倍)的(部分)結晶熔渣。 In addition, it must be noted that care must be taken to reduce the temperature of the slag quickly enough and to obtain vitrified or amorphous slag instead of being much cheaper (about 15 times) on the market. Crystallized slag.

亦將需要以可用形式自熔渣回收熱量中的至少一些。為以有效方式使用此可能性，有必要將熔渣快速冷卻至一溫度級，該溫度級足夠低來使材料更容易處理，但足夠高來將能量保持於可用等級。 It will also be desirable to recover at least some of the heat from the slag in a usable form. To use this possibility in an efficient manner, it is necessary to rapidly cool the slag to a temperature level that is low enough to make the material easier to handle, but high enough to keep the energy at a usable level.

克服產生有害氣體之缺點並回收熱量之至少一部分的一個可能性包含，將液體熔渣與相同化學性質之冷的熔渣顆粒混合。熔渣隨後可在熱交換器中經受熱回收。然而，已發現的是，歸因於液體熔渣之高黏性，冷的熔渣顆粒及液體熔渣不容易混合，且因而不可能足夠快地冷卻該液體熔渣來獲得玻璃化熔渣。 One possibility to overcome the disadvantages of generating a harmful gas and recovering at least a portion of the heat comprises mixing the liquid slag with cold slag particles of the same chemical nature. The slag can then be subjected to heat recovery in a heat exchanger. However, it has been found that due to the high viscosity of the liquid slag, the cold slag particles and the liquid slag are not easily mixed, and thus it is impossible to cool the liquid slag quickly enough to obtain the vitrified slag.

已提出另一解決方案，其中將(冷的)固體金屬粒子添加至熱液體熔渣(WO 2012/034897、WO 2012/080364)。效果為，熔渣快速凝固成玻璃化狀態而不會產生有害氣體。此外，固體金屬粒子為化學惰性的且可容易分開、回收以及再用(參見WO 012/034897)。最終，來自凝固的熔渣及金屬粒子之熱量可在諸如熱交換器之適當裝置中加以回收(參見WO 2012/080364)。 Another solution has been proposed in which (cold) solid metal particles are added to the hot liquid slag (WO 2012/034897, WO 2012/080364). The effect is that the slag is rapidly solidified into a vitrified state without generating harmful gases. Furthermore, the solid metal particles are chemically inert and can be easily separated, recovered and reused (see WO 012/034897). Finally, the heat from the solidified slag and metal particles can be recovered in a suitable device such as a heat exchanger (see WO 2012/080364).

然而，實際上，以上解決方案之效率高度取決於熔渣之適當澆注及金屬粒子之正確配料。傳入之液體熔渣流通常不可控制的事實甚至使上述問題加重，除非預見到技術上複雜的或能量要求高的額外設備，諸如剛填充的模具、經加熱之或帶有耐火材料襯裡之轉移澆桶及/或等效物中之實際熔渣填充高度判定。在沒有此類額外量測的情況下，金屬粒子之任何適當計量變得複雜且甚至不穩定。 However, in practice, the efficiency of the above solution is highly dependent on the proper casting of the slag and the correct formulation of the metal particles. The fact that the incoming liquid slag stream is generally uncontrollable even exacerbates the above problems unless it is foreseen that technically complex or energy-intensive additional equipment, such as freshly filled molds, heated or refractory-lined transfers The actual slag fill height determination in the pour and/or equivalent. In the absence of such additional measurements, any suitable metering of the metal particles becomes complicated and even unstable.

技術問題technical problem

本發明之一目標係提供用於乾熔渣粒化之方法以及對應的裝置，該方法及該裝置允許自環境影響有所降低及能量回收可能性有所增加之優點獲益，同時該方法及該裝置易於實行且使用起來既安全又有效。 One object of the present invention is to provide a method for granulating dry slag and a corresponding apparatus, the method and the apparatus permitting the benefits of reduced environmental impact and increased energy recovery possibilities, and the method and The device is easy to implement and safe and effective to use.

為達成此目標，本發明在一第一觀點中提出一種用於使用一鑄造設備將熱液體熔渣加以乾熔渣粒化之方法，該鑄造設備包含具有複數個鑄模之一環狀輸送機，該環狀輸送機經佈置來在一第一區段中將該等鑄模自一熔渣澆注區穿過一冷卻區移動至一卸除區，且在一第二區段中移動回至該熔渣澆注區，該方法包含以下連續步驟：(a)在該熔渣澆注區中，將一定量的熱液體熔渣澆注於一位置N中之一鑄模中，(b)在該冷卻區內移動一位置中之含有熱液體熔渣之鑄模，(c)將固體金屬粒子添加至例如在一位置N+n處(其中1n10，較佳1n4，尤其n=2)之含有熱液體熔渣之鑄模，此係藉由使一定量的該等粒子自一分配裝置落入該模具中來進行，該分配裝置佈置於該模具上方且包含用於儲存該等固體金屬粒子之至少一個漏斗，(d)在該卸除區中，自該模具卸除經冷卻之凝固熔渣，其中藉由將該環狀輸送機之第一區段中的該熔渣澆注區佈置成以一第一傾斜角α輸送該等模具來控制鑄模中之液體熔渣量，該傾斜角α將模具在該熔渣澆注區中的有效最大填充體積限制為一值Vα，任何過量熔渣傾瀉回或溢回至位置N-1、N-2等等中之一上游鑄模。 In order to achieve the object, the present invention, in a first aspect, proposes a method for granulating hot liquid slag into a dry slag using a casting apparatus, the casting apparatus comprising an endless conveyor having a plurality of molds, The endless conveyor is arranged to move the molds from a slag casting zone through a cooling zone to a removal zone in a first section and to move back to the melt in a second section In the slag casting zone, the method comprises the following successive steps: (a) casting a quantity of hot liquid slag into one of the molds N in the slag casting zone, and (b) moving in the cooling zone a mold containing hot liquid slag in a position, (c) adding solid metal particles to, for example, a position N+n (where 1 n 10, preferably 1 n 4, in particular n=2) a mold containing hot liquid slag, which is carried out by dropping a certain amount of the particles from a dispensing device into the mold, the dispensing device being arranged above the mold and comprising Storing at least one funnel of the solid metal particles, (d) removing the cooled solidified slag from the mold in the removal zone, wherein the first section of the endless conveyor is The slag casting zone is arranged to convey the molds at a first angle of inclination a to control the amount of liquid slag in the mold, the angle of inclination a limiting the effective maximum fill volume of the mold in the slag casting zone to a value V α , any excess slag is poured back or spilled back to one of the upstream molds of positions N-1, N-2, and the like.

其中該冷卻區係以一第二傾斜角β<α來佈置，以使得模具在該冷卻區中的有效最大填充體積具有一值Vβ>Vα，以及其中藉由致動佈置於該漏斗之出口處的至少一個致動滑動閘來控制由該分配裝置添加之金屬粒子量。 Wherein the cooling zone is arranged at a second inclination angle β<α such that the effective maximum filling volume of the mold in the cooling zone has a value V β >V α , and wherein the funnel is disposed by actuation At least one of the sliding gates at the outlet controls the amount of metal particles added by the dispensing device.

在另一觀點中，本發明提出一種用於將熱液體熔渣加以乾熔 渣粒化之設備，該設備包含具有複數個鑄模之一環狀輸送機，該環狀輸送機經佈置來在一第一區段中將該等鑄模自一熔渣澆注區穿過一冷卻區移動至一卸除區，且在一第二區段中移動回至該熔渣澆注區，且其中該設備進一步包含一分配裝置，其在該冷卻區中例如在一位置N+n處(其中1n10，較佳1n4，尤其為n=2)佈置於該等模具上方且包含用於儲存固體金屬粒子之至少一個漏斗，該分配裝置在該漏斗之出口處包含至少一個滑動閘，該或該等滑動閘之致動允許控制該分配裝置所分配之金屬粒子量，其中該環狀輸送機之第一區段中的該熔渣澆注區經佈置來允許以一第一傾斜角α輸送該等模具，該傾斜角α將模具在該熔渣澆注區中的有效最大填充體積限制為一值Vα，且其中該冷卻區係以一第二傾斜角β<α來佈置，以使得模具在該冷卻區中的有效最大填充體積具有一值Vβ>Vα。 In another aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for granulating hot liquid slag to dry slag, the apparatus comprising an endless conveyor having a plurality of molds arranged in a Moving the mold from a slag casting zone through a cooling zone to a removal zone in a first section and moving back to the slag casting zone in a second section, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a dispensing device in the cooling zone, for example at a position N+n (where 1 n 10, preferably 1 n 4, in particular n=2) arranged above the moulds and comprising at least one funnel for storing solid metal particles, the dispensing device comprising at least one sliding gate at the exit of the funnel, or the sliding gates Momenting allows control of the amount of metal particles dispensed by the dispensing device, wherein the slag casting zone in the first section of the endless conveyor is arranged to allow the molds to be conveyed at a first angle of inclination a, the angle of inclination α limits the effective maximum filling volume of the mold in the slag casting zone to a value V α , and wherein the cooling zone is arranged at a second inclination angle β < α to make the mold effective in the cooling zone The maximum fill volume has a value V β >V α .

在本發明之情境中，應注意的是，該等模具在該澆注區及該冷卻區中的輸送較佳基本上為線性的，亦即，該傾斜角α在該澆注區內基本上恆定且該傾斜角β在該冷卻區內基本上恆定。此外，在本情境中，相對於正在該熔渣澆注區中加以填充之模具的位置N所指示之位置僅為例示性的。事實上，本文件中在由N+n指示之一位置中的該分配裝置之實際位置可位於距離d處，該距離d並不是模具之長度1的倍數，亦即，當位置N中之模具位於該熔渣流道下方時，未必發生將該等金屬粒子填充於位置N+n中之模具中。因此，正在該熔渣澆注區中加以填充之模具與該分配裝置之間的該距離d可為介於0(該分配裝置緊鄰正在填充之模具)與91之間，較佳介於0.11與31之間的任何距離，尤其約為11(亦即，n約為2)。實際 上，上限大體取決於以下事實：熔渣應仍然為足夠液體的，以便允許該等金屬粒子適當滲透至熔渣中。 In the context of the present invention, it should be noted that the transport of the molds in the casting zone and the cooling zone is preferably substantially linear, i.e., the angle of inclination a is substantially constant in the casting zone and The angle of inclination β is substantially constant in the cooling zone. Moreover, in the present context, the position indicated by the position N of the mold being filled in the slag casting zone is merely illustrative. In fact, the actual position of the dispensing device in one of the positions indicated by N+n in this document may be located at a distance d which is not a multiple of the length 1 of the mold, ie, the mold in position N When located below the slag flow path, the metal particles are not necessarily filled in the mold at the position N+n. Therefore, the distance d between the mold being filled in the slag casting zone and the dispensing device may be between 0 (the dispensing device is adjacent to the mold being filled) and 91, preferably between 0.11 and 31. Any distance between them is especially about 11 (i.e., n is about 2). actual Above, the upper limit generally depends on the fact that the slag should still be sufficiently liquid to allow proper penetration of the metal particles into the slag.

如前文所提及，在實踐中的困難之主要原因係要應付不僅不可控制而且可變的熔渣流，同時熔渣與金屬粒子之間具有某一比率很重要。 As mentioned earlier, the main reason for the difficulty in practice is to cope with not only the uncontrollable and variable slag flow, but also a certain ratio between the slag and the metal particles.

因此，本方法或設備之第一優點為，該環狀輸送機之模具係由已定義(且因而已知)量之熔渣填充。對於一給定模具而言，熔渣之此已定義量取決於該模具在被填充時的傾角：斜率愈陡，可填充於該模具中之熔渣愈少，直至熔渣溢流或傾瀉至下一個(幾個)模具(亦即，正在填充的模具之上游的下一個(幾個)模具)。因此，在傾斜角α處，可將有效最大填充體積(亦即，有用體積)定義為Vα。若傾斜角減小(不太陡峭或甚至水平)，則模具中之實際填充高度降低，且模具之有效最大填充體積(亦即，有用體積)增加至Vβ，進而為在該冷卻區中將要添加之該等固體金屬粒子提供空間。因此，若該冷卻區中之傾斜角β小於該澆注區中之角度α，則對應於Vβ-Vα的理論最大量金屬粒子可添加至該模具而沒有溢流或溢出的風險。 Thus, a first advantage of the method or apparatus is that the mold of the endless conveyor is filled with a defined (and thus known) amount of slag. For a given mold, the defined amount of slag depends on the inclination of the mold as it is being filled: the steeper the slope, the less slag that can be filled in the mold until the slag overflows or pours to The next (several) mold (ie, the next (several) mold upstream of the mold being filled). Therefore, at the tilt angle α, the effective maximum fill volume (ie, the useful volume) can be defined as V α . If the tilt angle is reduced (not too steep or even horizontal), the actual fill height in the mold is reduced and the effective maximum fill volume (ie, useful volume) of the mold is increased to Vβ , which in turn is to be The added solid metal particles provide space. Therefore, if the inclination angle β in the cooling zone is smaller than the angle α in the casting zone, the theoretical maximum amount of metal particles corresponding to V β -V α can be added to the mold without the risk of overflow or overflow.

在本發明之一較佳實施例中，選擇該熔渣澆注區中之傾斜角α及該冷卻區中之傾斜角β，以使得模具在該熔渣澆注區中的有效最大填充體積Vα介於模具在該冷卻區中的有效最大填充體積Vβ的0.25倍與0.75倍之間，較佳介於0.30倍與0.60倍之間，甚至更佳為0.45倍至0.55倍。詳言之，選擇傾斜角α及β，以使得Vα約為½ Vβ。 In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inclination angle α in the slag casting zone and the inclination angle β in the cooling zone are selected such that the effective maximum filling volume V α of the mold in the slag casting zone is Between 0.25 and 0.75 times the effective maximum filling volume Vβ of the mold in the cooling zone, preferably between 0.30 and 0.60 times, even more preferably 0.45 to 0.55 times. In detail, the tilt angles α and β are selected such that V α is approximately 1⁄2 V β .

儘管很大程度上取決於模具之幾何形狀，但是適當角度β實際上大體處於0°(水平)與50°之間，更佳處於10°與40°之間，而角度α通 常比角度大5°至20°。 Although largely dependent on the geometry of the mold, the appropriate angle β is actually between 0° (horizontal) and 50°, more preferably between 10° and 40°, and the angle α is Often 5° to 20° larger than the angle.

與不可控制且可變之熔渣流相關聯的另一個一般問題為，(判定量的)金屬粒子之添加必須在熔渣流所給予的時段內完成。因而，所導致之困難為，可用來將所需量之金屬粒子添加引入至經部分填充之鑄模的時間有限，同時該輸送機需要連續地進一步移動該等模具。因此，本方法之一重要優點為，使用滑動閘對固體金屬粒子量進行計量允許快速打開及關閉，進而大大縮短添加適量粒子所需的時間。 Another general problem associated with uncontrollable and variable slag flows is that the addition of (determining amount) metal particles must be completed within the time period given by the slag stream. Thus, the resulting difficulty is that the time available to introduce the desired amount of metal particle addition to the partially filled mold is limited, while the conveyor needs to continuously move the molds continuously. Therefore, an important advantage of this method is that the use of a sliding gate to meter the amount of solid metal particles allows rapid opening and closing, thereby greatly reducing the time required to add the appropriate amount of particles.

一適當的滑動閘(閥)大體包含一滑動板，其經佈置來藉由大體沿在一開口(在此情況下為該漏斗之出口)前方的一滑動框架推動及/或旋轉該滑動板來封閉該開口。該板之滑動可平行於該等模具之輸送方向或較佳垂直於此方向來實現。因此，在本發明之情境中，該滑動移動可為平移移動(例如，線性滑動閘)、旋轉移動(例如，線性滑動閘)、旋轉移動(例如，旋轉滑動閘；旋轉軸較佳平行於由該開口形成之一平面或垂直於該平面)或甚至為上述各者之組合(例如，曲線滑動閘)。如本文所使用之相關術語「打開行程」應被相應地解釋為打開該滑動閘所需之滑動移動(推動及/或旋轉)的幅度。 A suitable sliding gate (valve) generally includes a sliding plate that is arranged to push and/or rotate the sliding plate generally along a sliding frame in front of an opening (in this case, the outlet of the funnel) The opening is closed. The sliding of the plate can be effected parallel to the direction of transport of the molds or preferably perpendicular to the direction. Thus, in the context of the present invention, the sliding movement can be a translational movement (eg, a linear sliding brake), a rotational movement (eg, a linear sliding brake), a rotational movement (eg, a rotary sliding brake; the rotational axis is preferably parallel to The opening forms a plane or perpendicular to the plane or even a combination of the above (eg, a curved sliding gate). The term "open stroke" as used herein shall be interpreted accordingly as the magnitude of the sliding movement (push and/or rotation) required to open the sliding gate.

在該滑動閘之一較佳實施例中，具有複數個間隔開之孔洞之一固定板係置放於該開口(該漏斗之出口)前方且因而(僅)部分擋住該出口。一對應的可移動滑動板呈現對應的孔洞，該等對應的孔洞可滑動至該固定板之孔洞前方來打開該閘且滑入一不同位置來封閉該固定板之孔洞。較佳地，此等孔洞針對線性滑動閘具有大致矩形或正方形形狀，或針對旋轉軸垂直於該開口的旋轉滑動閘具有大致扇形形狀，且該滑動板中之 相鄰孔洞之間的間隔經設定尺寸來基本上封閉該固定板之對應的孔洞。複數個孔洞之一主要優點為，該滑動閘之行程(亦即，打開狀態與關閉狀態之間的滑動距離)大體上減小，考慮到可利來實現該動作的時間有限，此減小係有益的。 In a preferred embodiment of the sliding gate, a fixed plate having a plurality of spaced apart apertures is placed in front of the opening (the exit of the funnel) and thus partially (only) blocks the outlet. A corresponding movable sliding plate presents corresponding holes, and the corresponding holes can be slid to the front of the holes of the fixing plate to open the gate and slide into a different position to close the hole of the fixing plate. Preferably, the holes have a substantially rectangular or square shape for the linear sliding gate, or have a substantially fan shape for the rotary sliding gate perpendicular to the opening for the rotating axis, and the sliding plate The spacing between adjacent holes is sized to substantially close the corresponding holes of the fixed plate. One of the main advantages of one of the plurality of holes is that the stroke of the sliding gate (i.e., the sliding distance between the open state and the closed state) is substantially reduced, and the reduction is limited in view of the limited time available for the action to achieve the action. benefit.

在另一較佳觀點中，該滑動閘包含兩列或兩列以上的複數個孔洞。在此種情況下，甚至更佳的是，以交錯(鋸齒形)方式提供相鄰列之孔洞，以便進一步改良粒子在熔渣中的均勻分佈。 In another preferred aspect, the sliding gate comprises a plurality of holes of two or more columns. In this case, it is even more preferable to provide the adjacent rows of holes in a staggered (zigzag) manner to further improve the uniform distribution of the particles in the slag.

在又一觀點中，該分配裝置包含兩個或兩個以上可單獨控制的致動滑動閘，每一滑動閘連接至相同漏斗之出口或一單獨漏斗之出口。有利地，該分配裝置包含一個(或兩個)漏斗與兩個可單獨控制的致動滑動閘，每一滑動閘基本上覆蓋該鑄模之表面的一半。提供兩個(或兩個以上)可獨立致動的滑動閘允許在模具在該分配裝置下方移動時的打開時間方面更為靈活，且在該等閘中之一者發生故障或被堵塞之情況下的冗餘度方面更為靈活。 In yet another aspect, the dispensing device includes two or more individually controllable actuated sliding gates, each sliding gate being connected to an outlet of the same funnel or an outlet of a separate funnel. Advantageously, the dispensing device comprises one (or two) funnels and two individually controllable actuating slides, each sliding gate substantially covering one half of the surface of the mold. Providing two (or more) independently actuatable sliding gates allows for more flexibility in opening time when the mold is moved under the dispensing device, and in the event that one of the gates fails or is blocked The redundancy is more flexible.

該或該等滑動閘係由諸如氣動機構、液壓機構之任何適當機構及/或一或多個電動馬達來致動。較佳地，該或該等滑動閘之致動係利用一或多個液壓缸來實現。 The or each of the sliding brakes is actuated by any suitable mechanism, such as a pneumatic mechanism, a hydraulic mechanism, and/or one or more electric motors. Preferably, the actuation of the or each of the sliding gates is accomplished using one or more hydraulic cylinders.

在又一觀點中，該或該等滑動閘之行程受限制，以使得該固定板之孔洞未完全封閉。此實踐之優點係雙重的，即：致動更快速，且該滑動閘與該固定板之磨損大體上減少。實際上已注意到，對於該等金屬粒子之一給定直徑而言，關閉該或該等滑動閘來留下每一孔洞之一殘餘開口就足夠了，該殘餘開口大體表示該等粒子或最小粒子(若同時使用具有不 同直徑的粒子)之直徑的0.3倍至1.5倍，較佳約為0.8倍至1.3倍，最佳介於1.1倍與1.25倍之間。 In yet another aspect, the travel of the or the sliding gates is limited such that the holes of the fixed plate are not completely closed. The advantages of this practice are twofold, namely that the actuation is faster and the wear of the sliding gate and the fixed plate is substantially reduced. It has in fact been noted that for a given diameter of one of the metal particles, it is sufficient to close the or the sliding gates to leave a residual opening in each of the holes, the residual opening generally representing the particles or the smallest Particles (if used at the same time have no The diameter of the particles of the same diameter is 0.3 to 1.5 times, preferably about 0.8 to 1.3 times, and most preferably between 1.1 and 1.25 times.

在最簡單的實施例中，該環狀輸送機中的該等模具之移動係取決於該設備及平均熔渣流之具體情況為恆定的或預定的。然而，此通常不令人滿意，因為此種設備將不能夠應付熔渣流中之較大變化。因此，在另一較佳實施例中，藉由監測正在填充之鑄模之緊接在上游(位置N-1及N-2等等)的至少兩個(或兩個以上)鑄模之溫度，且藉由改變步驟(b)中之移動速度，來控制該等鑄模之移動。 In the simplest embodiment, the movement of the molds in the endless conveyor is constant or predetermined depending on the particulars of the equipment and the average slag flow. However, this is generally not satisfactory because such equipment will not be able to cope with large variations in the slag stream. Therefore, in another preferred embodiment, by monitoring the temperature of at least two (or more than two) molds of the mold being filled immediately upstream (positions N-1 and N-2, etc.), and The movement of the molds is controlled by changing the speed of movement in step (b).

尤其較佳的是：若位置N-1中之鑄模的溫度歸因於沒有熱液體熔渣自位置N(澆注位置)回流而未顯著增加，則藉由降低步驟(b)中之移動速度來控制該設備，且若位置N-2中之鑄模的溫度歸因於熱液體熔渣自位置N-1中之鑄模回流而增加，則藉由增加步驟(b)中之移動速度來控制該設備。所以，換言之，若正在填充之模具之緊接在上游(N-1)的模具中之溫度未增加至接近該熱液體熔渣之溫度的值，亦即，具有遠低於此值的溫度，則沒有熔渣傾瀉回，因此該模具之填充至多係足夠的，但可能不完全：則使輸送機減速。另一方面，若僅N-1中之模具係熱的(含有液體熔渣)且模具N-2不熱，則輸送機之速度被認為是適當的，不改變該速度。最後，若不僅模具N-1變熱，而且模具N-2變熱，則輸送機之速度太低且必須增加該速度。 It is especially preferred that if the temperature of the mold in the position N-1 is not significantly increased due to the return of the hot liquid slag from the position N (casting position), by lowering the moving speed in the step (b) Controlling the apparatus, and if the temperature of the mold in position N-2 is increased due to the reflow of the hot liquid slag from the mold in position N-1, the apparatus is controlled by increasing the moving speed in step (b) . Therefore, in other words, if the temperature of the mold being filled in the upstream (N-1) mold is not increased to a value close to the temperature of the hot liquid slag, that is, having a temperature far below this value, There is no slag pouring back, so the filling of the mold is sufficient, but may not be complete: the conveyor is decelerated. On the other hand, if only the mold in N-1 is hot (containing liquid slag) and the mold N-2 is not hot, the speed of the conveyor is considered to be appropriate and the speed is not changed. Finally, if not only the mold N-1 becomes hot, but also the mold N-2 becomes hot, the speed of the conveyor is too low and the speed must be increased.

可藉由任何適當機構，諸如用熱電偶或類似物，來完成溫度之監測；然而，較佳以無接觸方式，諸如藉助於高溫計，來實現該監測。 Temperature monitoring can be accomplished by any suitable mechanism, such as with a thermocouple or the like; however, the monitoring is preferably accomplished in a contactless manner, such as by means of a pyrometer.

在另一觀點中，本發明之方法及設備亦整合了用來精確判定 該等模具(中之一些)(尤其為該分配裝置下方的模具)的位置之機構。可使用任何習知機構來達成此目的，尤其為諸如開關、雷射、感應等等之接觸及/或無接觸裝置。 In another aspect, the method and apparatus of the present invention are also integrated for accurate determination The mechanism of the position of the molds (some of them), especially the mold below the dispensing device. Any conventional mechanism can be used to achieve this, particularly for contact and/or contactless devices such as switches, lasers, inductions, and the like.

儘管本方法(尤其在整合了如本文所述之溫度量測時)可用作一種用於乾熔渣粒化設備之預設調節方法，但是值得注意的是，歸因於其在控制組件方面的簡單性及其有效性，此方法亦特別適於用作緊急調節或在異常情況下使用，諸如在故障的情況下或在更複雜的調節系統之維護期間使用。 Although the method (especially when integrating temperature measurement as described herein) can be used as a preset adjustment method for dry slag granulation equipment, it is worth noting that due to its control components The simplicity and its effectiveness, this method is also particularly suitable for use as an emergency adjustment or in abnormal situations, such as in the event of a fault or during maintenance of a more complex conditioning system.

在又一觀點中，該方法或該設備進一步包含(用於進行以下操作的機構)：在位置N+n的下游之位置中量測步驟(c)之後在該鑄模中之熔渣與金屬粒子之實際組合量(亦即，熔渣/粒子混合物的量)；基於熔渣與金屬粒子(混合物)之所量測組合量及熱液體熔渣之已知量來計算在步驟(c)中實際添加之金屬粒子量；若實際添加的金屬粒子之計算量並不對應於金屬粒子之期望量，則調適該至少一個滑動閘之特性。 In still another aspect, the method or apparatus further includes (a mechanism for performing the following operations): measuring slag and metal particles in the mold after step (c) in a position downstream of position N+n The actual combined amount (ie, the amount of slag/particle mixture); based on the measured combined amount of slag and metal particles (mixture) and the known amount of hot liquid slag, the actual amount in step (c) is calculated. The amount of metal particles added; if the calculated amount of the actually added metal particles does not correspond to the desired amount of the metal particles, the characteristics of the at least one sliding gate are adapted.

此另一較佳實施例之主要優點為，其允許使用所得熔渣/粒子混合物的量之實際量測作為反饋，以便藉由作用於該分配裝置(尤其作用於該或該等滑動閘調節)來調適(或校正)金屬粒子量。 The main advantage of this further preferred embodiment is that it allows the actual measurement of the amount of slag/particle mixture obtained to be used as feedback by acting on the dispensing device (especially acting on the or the sliding brake) To adapt (or correct) the amount of metal particles.

有利地，該至少一個滑動閘之特性包含隨打開行程x而變的粒子質量流量(曲線)，其中該打開行程為該滑動閘在打開狀態與關閉狀態(或基本上關閉狀態，參見上文)之間必須移動的距離。事實上，此參數基本上定義每單位時間流過該滑動閘的粒子量，其取決於該閘之打開。此參數可表示為離散曲線且可取決於滑動閘之特定類型及粒子 之特定類型用實驗方法來判定(參見以下細節)。 Advantageously, the characteristic of the at least one sliding gate comprises a mass flow of particles that varies with the opening stroke x ( Curve), wherein the opening stroke is the distance that the sliding gate must move between an open state and a closed state (or substantially closed state, see above). In fact, this parameter basically defines the amount of particles flowing through the sliding gate per unit time, depending on the opening of the gate. This parameter can be expressed as a discrete curve and can be determined experimentally depending on the particular type of sliding gate and the particular type of particle (see details below).

在又一實施例中，步驟(c)之後在該鑄模中之熔渣與金屬粒子混合物的實際組合量係藉由以下操作來量測：判定該模具中之熔渣/金屬粒子混合物之高度hmix，及基於該鑄模之已知形狀來計算對應的體積Vmix，以及基於Vmix與熔渣之已知體積Vslag之間的差值來計算所判定的金屬粒子質量Mparticles’。 In still another embodiment, the actual combined amount of slag and metal particle mixture in the mold after step (c) is measured by determining the height of the slag/metal particle mixture in the mold. Mixing , and calculating a corresponding volume V mix based on the known shape of the mold, and calculating the determined metal particle mass M particles ' based on the difference between the V mix and the known volume V slag of the slag .

較佳地，該量之量測係藉由以無接觸方式(諸如藉助於一或多個雷射測距儀)量測該鑄模內之熔渣/金屬粒子混合物的高度來實現。亦可使用諸如雷達、聲學偵測或光學偵測等等之其他機構。 Preferably, the measurement of the amount is achieved by measuring the height of the slag/metal particle mixture within the mold in a contactless manner, such as by means of one or more laser rangefinders. Other mechanisms such as radar, acoustic detection or optical detection can also be used.

較佳使該等固體金屬粒子自約為0.1m至3m，較佳約為0.2m至2m的高度落下，以便獲得該熔渣與該等固體金屬粒子之快速且有效的混合。確切高度(亦即，該等粒子滲透該液體熔渣至所要深度所需的能量之確切量)取決於熔渣之組成、熔渣之溫度、固體金屬粒子之密度及直徑等等。因為使該等金屬粒子落入熱液體熔渣中可導致一些溢出或飛濺，所以該分配裝置較佳包含防濺板，該等防濺板至少佈置於該或該等漏斗及該或該等滑動閘下方的側邊上，且該等防濺板大致延伸至該等模具之上部頂部。 Preferably, the solid metal particles are dropped from a height of from about 0.1 m to about 3 m, preferably from about 0.2 m to about 2 m, to obtain a rapid and efficient mixing of the slag with the solid metal particles. The exact height (i.e., the exact amount of energy required for the particles to penetrate the liquid slag to the desired depth) depends on the composition of the slag, the temperature of the slag, the density and diameter of the solid metal particles, and the like. Because the metal particles fall into the hot liquid slag to cause some spillage or splashing, the dispensing device preferably includes a splash shield, and the splash shields are disposed at least on the or the funnel and the sliding On the side below the gate, and the splash shields extend substantially to the top of the upper portion of the mold.

有利地，該等固體金屬粒子具有至少為2.5g/cm3的密度。歸因於該熔渣與該等金屬粒子之間的密度差，該等金屬粒子與該熔渣徹底混合。 Advantageously, the solid metal particles have a density of at least 2.5 g/cm 3 . Due to the difference in density between the slag and the metal particles, the metal particles are thoroughly mixed with the slag.

該等固體金屬粒子較佳為球形，以便具有良好的混合性質且確保該熔渣之快速且有效的冷卻。 The solid metal particles are preferably spherical in order to have good mixing properties and to ensure rapid and efficient cooling of the slag.

該等固體金屬粒子較佳具有至少為2mm，較佳為5mm以上且最佳為10mm以上的直徑。有利地，該等固體金屬粒子具有小於80mm，較佳小於50mm且最佳小於25mm的直徑。 The solid metal particles preferably have a diameter of at least 2 mm, preferably 5 mm or more, and most preferably 10 mm or more. Advantageously, the solid metal particles have a diameter of less than 80 mm, preferably less than 50 mm and most preferably less than 25 mm.

該等固體金屬粒子較佳由金屬製成，該金屬選自由鐵、鋼、鋁、銅、鉻、鎳、其合金及其與其他金屬的合金組成之群組。 The solid metal particles are preferably made of a metal selected from the group consisting of iron, steel, aluminum, copper, chromium, nickel, alloys thereof, and alloys thereof with other metals.

實際上，較佳使用鋼球，因為容易獲得不同直徑的鋼球。 In practice, steel balls are preferably used because it is easy to obtain steel balls of different diameters.

在自該輸送機卸除熔渣餅期間及/或之後，較佳將該餅壓碎成具有約40mm-120mm之大小及約2g/cm3-5g/cm3之體密度，較佳具有約40mm-90mm之大小及約2g/cm3-5g/cm3之體密度的粒子。 Preferably, during and/or after the slag cake is removed from the conveyor, the cake is crushed to have a size of from about 40 mm to about 120 mm and a bulk density of from about 2 g/cm 3 to 5 g/cm 3 , preferably about Particles having a size of 40 mm to 90 mm and a bulk density of about 2 g/cm 3 to 5 g/cm 3 .

此後，較佳將仍然熱的熔渣粒子及經加熱之固體金屬粒子裝填於一熱交換器中，利用冷卻氣體之逆向流動使其冷卻，且自該熱交換器將其卸除。 Thereafter, the still hot slag particles and the heated solid metal particles are preferably charged in a heat exchanger, cooled by reverse flow of the cooling gas, and discharged from the heat exchanger.

根據一較佳實施例，該熱交換器細分成複數個子單元，該等子單元中每一者具有一粒子入口埠、一粒子出口埠、一冷卻氣體入口埠以及一冷卻氣體出口埠，其中經由該粒子入口埠對該等子單元中之至少一者裝填熱熔渣粒子及經加熱之固體金屬粒子，經由該粒子出口埠自該等子單元中之該至少一者卸除經冷卻之熔渣粒子及經冷卻之固體金屬粒子，該冷卻氣體入口埠及該冷卻氣體出口埠在粒子之裝填及卸除期間被封閉，且其中與粒子之裝填及卸除同時發生的是，藉由經由該冷卻氣體入口埠注入冷卻氣體流及自該冷卻氣體出口埠排出經加熱之冷卻氣體流來冷卻其他子單元中之至少一者，該粒子入口埠及該粒子出口埠在粒子之冷卻期間被封閉，且其中該經加熱之冷卻氣體係用於能量回收。 According to a preferred embodiment, the heat exchanger is subdivided into a plurality of subunits, each of the subunits having a particle inlet port, a particle outlet port, a cooling gas inlet port, and a cooling gas outlet port, wherein The particle inlet 装 is filled with at least one of the subunits with hot slag particles and heated solid metal particles, and the cooled slag is removed from the at least one of the subunits via the particle outlet The particles and the cooled solid metal particles, the cooling gas inlet port and the cooling gas outlet port are closed during loading and unloading of the particles, and simultaneously with the loading and unloading of the particles, by the cooling a gas inlet port injecting a cooling gas stream and discharging the heated cooling gas stream from the cooling gas outlet port to cool at least one of the other subunits, the particle inlet port and the particle outlet port being closed during cooling of the particles, and The heated cooling gas system is used for energy recovery.

因此，根據本發明之一較佳實施例的方法提出使用包含多個子單元的熱交換器，該等子單元不連續操作。因為有利的是在該熱交換器之出口處獲得恆定的熱氣流來保證電力產生循環之最有效使用，所以以保證基本上恆定的熱氣流的方式來交替操作多個熱交換器子單元。由此，可能獲得基本上連續的氣體處理，該氣體處理與分批型材料處理解耦。 Thus, a method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention proposes the use of a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of subunits that operate discontinuously. Since it is advantageous to obtain a constant flow of hot gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger to ensure the most efficient use of the power generation cycle, the plurality of heat exchanger sub-units are alternately operated in a manner that ensures a substantially constant flow of hot gas. Thereby, it is possible to obtain a substantially continuous gas treatment which is decoupled from batch type material processing.

在該等熱交換器子單元中之一者處於排空/填充階段的每一時刻，在排空/填充期間沒有冷卻氣體流過此熱交換器子單元。 At each point in which the one of the heat exchanger subunits is in the emptying/filling phase, no cooling gas flows through the heat exchanger subunit during the evacuation/filling.

將相同量之粒子填充於該交換器中且自其抽出。同時，沒有材料進入或離開其他熱交換器子單元；該等子單元因而可在冷卻期間完全密封而與環境隔開。 The same amount of particles are filled in and withdrawn from the exchanger. At the same time, no material enters or leaves the other heat exchanger subunits; the subunits can thus be completely sealed from the environment during cooling.

較佳地，經由該粒子入口埠對該等子單元中之一者裝填熱熔渣粒子及經加熱之固體金屬粒子，而同時經由同一子單元之粒子出口埠卸除經冷卻之熔渣粒子及經冷卻之固體金屬粒子。 Preferably, one of the subunits is filled with hot slag particles and heated solid metal particles via the particle inlet port, while the cooled slag particles are removed through the particle outlet of the same subunit. Cooled solid metal particles.

一旦將該熱交換器子單元填滿，則密封該粒子入口埠及該粒子出口埠且將該子單元重新連接至該冷卻氣流，同時可將另一熱交換器子單元斷開連接。流過此等熱交換器子單元之冷卻氣體因而不會遭遇任何洩漏，進而防止粉塵及能量離開該系統。因而，該等熱交換器子單元僅需要在熔渣之裝填及卸除期間洩壓。 Once the heat exchanger subunit is filled, the particle inlet port and the particle outlet port are sealed and the subunit unit is reconnected to the cooling gas stream while another heat exchanger subunit can be disconnected. The cooling gas flowing through the heat exchanger subunits thus does not encounter any leakage, thereby preventing dust and energy from leaving the system. Thus, the heat exchanger subunits only need to be relieved during the loading and unloading of the slag.

根據一較佳實施例，在將該等熱熔渣粒子及經加熱之固體金屬粒子裝填於該等熱交換器子單元中之一者中之前，首先將其裝填於一隔熱預燃室中。該預燃室較佳由耐火材料襯裡或材料石盒來隔熱。熔渣之低的熱導率賦予優良的隔熱性質。 According to a preferred embodiment, the hot slag particles and the heated solid metal particles are first loaded into a heat-insulating pre-chamber before being loaded into one of the heat exchanger sub-units. . The pre-chamber is preferably insulated by a refractory lining or a material stone box. The low thermal conductivity of the slag imparts excellent thermal insulation properties.

在冷卻之後或在自熱交換器子單元卸除之後，亦可將該等熔渣粒子及固體金屬粒子裝填於一後燃室中。換言之，因而可選擇循環時間及所裝填粒子之量，以使得該等熱交換器子單元內部的熱轉移可受控制且保持為準定態。該等熱交換器子單元之裝填/卸除所引起的出口氣體溫度波動將因而藉由相應地選擇循環時間來最小化。 The slag particles and solid metal particles may also be loaded into an afterburner after cooling or after being removed from the heat exchanger subunit. In other words, the cycle time and the amount of loaded particles can thus be selected such that the heat transfer within the heat exchanger subunits can be controlled and maintained in a quasi-stationary state. The fluctuations in the temperature of the outlet gas caused by the loading/unloading of the heat exchanger subunits will thus be minimized by correspondingly selecting the cycle time.

根據另一較佳實施例，藉由將熱液體熔渣與固體金屬粒子混合來將其凝固成一熔渣餅且冷卻至約650℃至750℃。有利地，將該熱液體熔渣與相同體積混合，較佳產生含有約40%至約60%體積之固體金屬粒子的混合物。金屬粒子之所需體積取決於所要的目標溫度、該等金屬粒子之密度及熱容量等等，對於鋼球體而言，40%至60%(佔總體積之體積百分率)係較佳的。 According to another preferred embodiment, the hot liquid slag is solidified into a slag cake by mixing it with solid metal particles and cooled to about 650 ° C to 750 ° C. Advantageously, the hot liquid slag is mixed with the same volume, preferably resulting in a mixture comprising from about 40% to about 60% by volume of solid metal particles. The required volume of the metal particles depends on the desired target temperature, the density and heat capacity of the metal particles, etc., and for steel spheres, 40% to 60% (volume percentage by volume of the total volume) is preferred.

較佳地，在1.2巴至4巴的壓力(亦即，在子單元中之熔渣層的底部所量測之絕對壓力)下操作該等熱交換器子單元。 Preferably, the heat exchanger subunits are operated at a pressure of from 1.2 bar to 4 bar (i.e., the absolute pressure measured at the bottom of the slag layer in the subunit).

1‧‧‧鑄造設備 1‧‧‧ casting equipment

10‧‧‧環狀輸送機 10‧‧‧Circular conveyor

11‧‧‧鑄模 11‧‧‧Molding

20‧‧‧熔渣流道 20‧‧‧ slag runner

21‧‧‧熱液體熔渣 21‧‧‧Hot liquid slag

30‧‧‧分配裝置 30‧‧‧Distribution device

31‧‧‧漏斗 31‧‧‧ funnel

32‧‧‧漏斗出口 32‧‧‧Funnel exit

33‧‧‧固體金屬粒子，例如鋼球 33‧‧‧solid metal particles, such as steel balls

35‧‧‧滑動閘閥 35‧‧‧Sliding gate valve

351‧‧‧滑動板 351‧‧‧Sliding plate

352‧‧‧滑動板中之孔洞 352‧‧‧ holes in the sliding plate

353‧‧‧固定板 353‧‧‧ fixed plate

354‧‧‧固定板中之孔洞 354‧‧‧ holes in the fixed plate

355‧‧‧液壓缸 355‧‧‧Hydraulic cylinder

36‧‧‧防濺板 36‧‧‧ splash guard

A‧‧‧熔渣澆注區 A‧‧‧ slag pouring area

B‧‧‧冷卻區 B‧‧‧Cooling area

C‧‧‧卸除區 C‧‧‧Removal area

α‧‧‧輸送機在熔渣澆注區A中之傾斜角 The inclination angle of the α‧‧‧ conveyor in the slag casting area A

β‧‧‧輸送機在冷卻區B中之傾斜角 The inclination angle of the β‧‧‧ conveyor in the cooling zone B

Vα‧‧‧模具在熔渣澆注區A中的有效最大填充體積 Effective maximum filling volume of V α ‧‧‧ mould in slag casting zone A

Vβ‧‧‧模具在冷卻區B中的有效最大填充體積 Effective maximum filling volume of V β ‧‧‧ mould in cooling zone B

TN-1‧‧‧用於模具位置N-1之溫度感測器 T N-1 ‧‧‧ Temperature sensor for mold position N-1

TN-2‧‧‧用於模具位置N-2之溫度感測器 T N-2 ‧‧‧ Temperature sensor for mold position N-2

Shslag‧‧‧用於量測熱液體熔渣之高度的感測器 Sh slag ‧‧‧Sensor for measuring the height of hot liquid slag

Shmix‧‧‧用於量測熔渣/粒子混合物之高度的感測器 Sh mix ‧‧‧Sensor for measuring the height of the slag/particle mixture

現將參考隨附圖式藉助於實例來描述本發明之較佳實施例，在該等圖式中：圖1為乾熔渣粒化設備之較佳實施例的橫截面示意圖；圖2為對分配裝置有用之滑動閘閥之一些組件的示意圖；圖3為具有交錯式孔洞之雙重滑動閘(並未表示漏斗)的一實施例的透視頂部圖；圖4為圖1之乾熔渣粒化設備之一部分的橫截面圖；圖5為根據本發明之方法的另一較佳實施例的草圖；以及 圖6(a)及圖6(b)例示出操作如本文所述之設備的自校正方法的較佳實施例。 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a dry slag granulation apparatus; Schematic diagram of some components of a sliding gate valve useful for a dispensing device; FIG. 3 is a perspective top view of an embodiment of a dual sliding gate (not shown) having staggered holes; and FIG. 4 is a dry slag granulation device of FIG. a cross-sectional view of a portion; Figure 5 is a sketch of another preferred embodiment of the method in accordance with the present invention; Figures 6(a) and 6(b) illustrate a preferred embodiment of a self-correcting method of operating a device as described herein.

本發明之進一步細節及優點將自以下參考附加圖式對若干非限制性實施例之詳細描述顯而易見。 Further details and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the appended claims.

圖1示意性地表示乾熔渣粒化設備之較佳實施例的橫截面，該設備包含具有雙斜率線性環狀輸送機10的熔渣鑄造機1，該輸送機10包含複數個鑄模11。在第一區段中將模具11自熔渣澆注區A穿過冷卻區B輸送至卸除區C，該等模具在該卸除區中被清除掉其中所含有之凝固的熔渣餅。在第二區段中，將現在為空的模具輸送回至熔渣澆注區。 1 schematically shows a cross section of a preferred embodiment of a dry slag granulation apparatus comprising a slag casting machine 1 having a dual slope linear endless conveyor 10 comprising a plurality of molds 11. The mold 11 is conveyed from the slag casting zone A through the cooling zone B to the discharge zone C in the first section, and the molds are removed from the solidified slag cake contained therein in the discharge zone. In the second section, the now empty mold is conveyed back to the slag casting zone.

來自熔渣流道20之熱液體熔渣21被澆注於通過熔渣流道20下方的鑄模11中。因為傾斜角α相對陡峭，所以最大有效體積Vα(亦即，當熔渣溢流至上游模具N-1時，模具中之熔渣的體積)小於當模具到達傾斜角β較小的冷卻區B中之一位置(圖1中為>N+2)時模具之有用體積Vβ。較佳地，選擇角度α及β，以使得Vα約為½ Vβ。 The hot liquid slag 21 from the slag flow path 20 is poured into the mold 11 passing under the slag flow path 20. Since the inclination angle α is relatively steep, the maximum effective volume V α (that is, the volume of slag in the mold when the slag overflows to the upstream mold N-1) is smaller than the cooling area when the mold reaches a small inclination angle β. The useful volume V β of the mold at one of the positions in B (>N+2 in Figure 1). Preferably, the angles α and β are chosen such that V α is approximately 1⁄2 V β .

當含有熱液體熔渣之模具到達分配裝置30下方的位置(例如，圖1及圖4中為N+2)時，將儲存漏斗31中所含有之固定量的固體金屬粒子33(諸如鋼球)引入模具中，此係係藉由將安裝於該漏斗之出口32上的滑動閘35打開預定的時間t來進行。粒子33藉由重力作用落入模具中且與熱液體熔渣21混合。粒子量基本上對應於Vβ-Vα(或在Vα=½ Vβ的情況下為½ Vβ)。 When the mold containing the hot liquid slag reaches a position below the distribution device 30 (for example, N+2 in FIGS. 1 and 4), a fixed amount of solid metal particles 33 (such as a steel ball) contained in the storage funnel 31 will be stored. Introduced into the mold by opening the slide gate 35 mounted on the outlet 32 of the funnel for a predetermined time t. The particles 33 fall into the mold by gravity and are mixed with the hot liquid slag 21. The amount of particles substantially corresponds to V β -V α (or 1⁄2 V β in the case of V α = 1⁄2 V β ).

可提供防濺板36來防止液體熔渣及鋼球在裝填期間自模具 飛濺出來。 A splash shield 36 can be provided to prevent liquid slag and steel balls from being loaded from the mold during filling Splash out.

在將金屬粒子33引入至熱液體熔渣21中期間，熔渣快速冷卻且凝固成非晶質狀態。現在含有凝固的熔渣餅及所添加的金屬粒子(諸如鋼球)之模具隨後進一步冷卻，同時行進至卸除區C，在該卸除區中藉由將模具翻轉過來而將該模具排空。凝固的熔渣餅隨後被壓碎且可行進至熱回收單元(未表示)。 During the introduction of the metal particles 33 into the hot liquid slag 21, the slag is rapidly cooled and solidified into an amorphous state. The mold containing the solidified slag cake and the added metal particles (such as steel balls) is then further cooled while traveling to the removal zone C where the mold is emptied by turning over the mold . The solidified slag cake is then crushed and can travel to a heat recovery unit (not shown).

圖2呈現線性滑動閘閥35之部件的示意圖。供本發明中使用之較佳滑動閘閥包含固定板353，該固定板具有複數個間隔開之孔洞354。對應的滑動板351亦呈現間隔開之孔洞352，但是此等孔洞之定位係使得可藉由線性滑動來使孔洞352自封閉位置進入打開位置(藉由在圖2中箭頭所指示之方向上滑動)，在該封閉位置中固定板之所有孔洞354(基本上，參見上文)由滑動板之不具有孔洞的彼等部分所封閉，在該打開位置中孔洞352基本上與孔洞354對齊。 2 presents a schematic view of the components of the linear sliding gate valve 35. A preferred sliding gate valve for use in the present invention includes a fixed plate 353 having a plurality of spaced apart apertures 354. The corresponding sliding plate 351 also presents spaced apart apertures 352, but such holes are positioned such that the aperture 352 can be moved from the closed position into the open position by linear sliding (by sliding in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 2) All of the holes 354 of the mounting plate in the closed position (substantially, see above) are closed by portions of the sliding plate that do not have holes in which the holes 352 are substantially aligned with the holes 354.

圖3表示雙重(線性)滑動閘閥35之一較佳實施例的頂部透視圖，其不具有用於暫時儲存金屬粒子之裝在頂上的漏斗。為達例示之目的，該等閥中之僅一者進一步包含佈置於該閥下方的防濺板36。每一閥之滑動板351係由單獨的液壓缸355相對於固定板353加以致動。 Figure 3 shows a top perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a dual (linear) sliding gate valve 35 that does not have a top mounted funnel for temporarily storing metal particles. For illustrative purposes, only one of the valves further includes a splash shield 36 disposed below the valve. The sliding plate 351 of each valve is actuated by a separate hydraulic cylinder 355 relative to the fixed plate 353.

圖4基本上對應於圖1之實施例在操作期間的下部分。 Figure 4 substantially corresponds to the lower portion of the embodiment of Figure 1 during operation.

如圖4中可看出，位置N中之鑄模係由來自熔渣流道20之熱液體熔渣21填充。若來自流道之熔渣量超過模具之(局部)容量(Vα)，則過量熔渣因重力而溢流至位置N-1中之緊鄰的模具。若來自流道之量(流量)甚至更高，則熔渣自模具N-1傾瀉至模具N-2(此正是圖4中所表示之 情形)。因為已知來自輸送機10之第二區段的模具具有與液體熔渣之溫度相距甚遠的溫度(簡而言之，此溫度亦將稱為「周圍溫度」或「冷卻溫度」，儘管此溫度大體上將處於50℃與300℃之間或甚至高於300℃)，所以已發現，藉由控制此等兩個位置N-1及N-2之模具溫度(TN-1及TN-2)，可提供對鑄造方法之簡單而有效的控制。要瞭解的是，在認為有必要或合乎需要的情況下，當然可監測兩個以上的溫度。 As can be seen in Figure 4, the mold in position N is filled with hot liquid slag 21 from slag runner 20. If the amount of slag from the runner exceeds the (local) capacity ( Vα ) of the mold, the excess slag overflows by gravity to the immediately adjacent mold in position N-1. If the amount (flow rate) from the flow path is even higher, the slag pours from the mold N-1 to the mold N-2 (this is the case shown in Fig. 4). Since it is known that the mold from the second section of the conveyor 10 has a temperature that is far from the temperature of the liquid slag (in short, this temperature will also be referred to as "ambient temperature" or "cooling temperature", although this temperature It will generally be between 50 ° C and 300 ° C or even higher than 300 ° C), so it has been found that by controlling the mold temperatures of these two positions N-1 and N-2 (T N-1 and T N- 2 ), providing simple and effective control of the casting method. It is to be understood that it is of course possible to monitor more than two temperatures, if deemed necessary or desirable.

在圖4中，模具N+2位於分配裝置30下方且正要由金屬粒子33填充。如可看出，歸因於熔渣澆注區A至冷卻區B之斜率變化，熔渣之體積Vα現僅表示可利用體積Vβ之約一半。 In FIG. 4, the mold N+2 is located below the dispensing device 30 and is being filled with metal particles 33. As can be seen, due to the slag pouring slope region A to region B changes to cool, the volume V α Slag now available represent only about half of the volume V β.

因而，將要添加之金屬粒子量基本上為Vβ與Vα之間的差值，亦即，模具N+2中還未填充之體積。圖4中之位置N+3中的鑄模展示其中已將金屬粒子添加至液體熔渣之模具。此時，歸因於大量冷的粒子之瞬時添加，熔渣基本上凝固成非晶質狀態。看起來很明顯，圖4中之N+2所指示之用於***粒子的位置未必需要為填充位置之後的第二位置，只要熔渣仍然係熱的且係液體即可。 Accordingly, the amount of metal particles to be added as a difference between the substantially V β and V α, i.e., die N + 2 has not yet fill the volume. The mold in position N+3 in Figure 4 shows a mold in which metal particles have been added to the liquid slag. At this time, the slag is substantially solidified into an amorphous state due to the instantaneous addition of a large amount of cold particles. It appears that the position for inserting the particles indicated by N+2 in Figure 4 does not necessarily need to be the second position after the filling position, as long as the slag is still hot and liquid.

模具在輸送機內之確切位置(且尤其為模具在熔渣流道及/或分配裝置下方的位置)可由任何已知的接觸機構或無接觸機構來判定，該等機構諸如開關、感應、雷射等等。 The exact position of the mold within the conveyor (and especially the position of the mold below the slag runner and/or the dispensing device) can be determined by any known contact mechanism or contactless mechanism, such as switches, induction, lightning. Shoot and so on.

方法描述一調節之目的 Method description

在乾熔渣粒化方法中，藉由添加諸如鋼球之冷的金屬粒子33來冷卻液體熔渣21。此冷卻之目的係達成 In the dry slag granulation method, the liquid slag 21 is cooled by adding cold metal particles 33 such as steel balls. The purpose of this cooling is achieved

●熔渣之快速冷卻 ● Rapid cooling of slag

●用於進一步熱回收之高混合物溫度 ●High mixture temperature for further heat recovery

因此，鋼球之配料必須精確且必須遵循鋼/熔渣比。 Therefore, the steel ball ingredients must be precise and must follow the steel/slag ratio.

為達成材料運輸，已選擇熔渣鑄造機10技術。如圖1及圖4中所示，在輸送機10開始處的澆注區A中自上游澆注熔渣21，且隨後在冷卻區B中添加鋼球33。 In order to achieve material transportation, the slag casting machine 10 technology has been selected. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the slag 21 is poured from the upstream in the pouring zone A at the beginning of the conveyor 10, and then the steel ball 33 is added in the cooling zone B.

應調節冷卻區B中鋼球33之配料以及位置N中的模具11之熔渣填充。在目前所述之調節模式中，該調節係藉由使熔渣21溢流於位置N-1中之下一上游模具中且藉由在每一模具通過分配裝置30下方時將恆定量的鋼球33添加於該模具中來完成。較佳藉由改變鑄造機10之速度來控制溢流。 The composition of the steel balls 33 in the cooling zone B and the slag filling of the mold 11 in the position N should be adjusted. In the presently described mode of regulation, the adjustment is achieved by flooding the slag 21 into the next upstream mold in position N-1 and by passing a constant amount of steel as each mold passes under the dispensing device 30. Ball 33 is added to the mold to complete. The overflow is preferably controlled by varying the speed of the casting machine 10.

在此種情況下，鋼球33與熔渣21之間的體積比係固定的。 In this case, the volume ratio between the steel ball 33 and the slag 21 is fixed.

因為裝填時間受限制，所以使用如例如圖2及圖3中所示之滑動閘閥35來完成鋼球33之配料。 Since the loading time is limited, the sliding of the steel ball 33 is accomplished using a sliding gate valve 35 as shown, for example, in Figures 2 and 3.

鑄造機之形狀定義 Casting machine shape definition

熔渣21與鋼球33之間的體積比(λ)通常約為1，其意指鑄造機必須針對1體積之熔渣裝填1體積之鋼球。 The volume ratio (λ) between the slag 21 and the steel ball 33 is usually about 1, which means that the casting machine must load 1 volume of steel balls for 1 volume of slag.

此比率係經由鑄造機之特定形狀來獲得。如圖4中更特定地展示，當熔渣在溢流時澆注區A中可用於熔渣之體積(Vα)小於冷卻區B中在裝填鋼球之處可利用的體積(Vβ)。 This ratio is obtained via the specific shape of the casting machine. 4 show more specific, when the overflow casting slag can be used in zone A of the slag volume (V α) is smaller than the volume (V β) in the packed cooling zone B ball place available.

已選擇熔渣鑄造機之傾斜度或傾斜角，以便具有Vα=1/2 x Vβ的關係。 The inclination or inclination angle of the slag casting machine has been selected so as to have a relationship of V α = 1/2 x V β .

該調節利用熔渣之溢流(且因此，模具中已知量的熔渣)及 添加最大量的鋼球來起作用。 This adjustment utilizes the overflow of the slag (and therefore the known amount of slag in the mold) and Add the largest amount of steel balls to work.

較佳調節模式之描述 Description of the preferred adjustment mode

如圖4中可看出，此操作模式中之調節步驟如下： As can be seen in Figure 4, the adjustment steps in this mode of operation are as follows:

1)使液體熔渣21(以未知的材料流量)流入位置N中的模具11中 1) causing the liquid slag 21 (with an unknown material flow rate) to flow into the mold 11 in the position N

2)量測在澆注點上游的兩個模具(位置「N-1」及「N-2」中的模具)中之溫度 2) Measure the temperature in the two molds (the molds in positions "N-1" and "N-2") upstream of the pouring point

a. 若溫度感測器(例如，高溫計)未量測到高溫，則未發生溢流：鑄造機必須減速 a. If the temperature sensor (for example, pyrometer) does not measure the high temperature, no overflow occurs: the casting machine must slow down

b. 若僅在一個模具(模具「N-1」)中量測到高溫，則發生溢流但受限制：速度恰當 b. If high temperature is measured in only one mold (mold "N-1"), overflow occurs but is limited: the speed is appropriate

c. 若在位置「N-1」及「N-2」中的兩個模具中量測到高溫，則發生太多溢流：鑄造機必須加速 c. If high temperatures are measured in the two molds in positions "N-1" and "N-2", too much overflow occurs: the casting machine must be accelerated

3)在由鑄造機之速度判定的時間(t)中裝填最大量的球 3) Loading the maximum amount of balls in the time (t) determined by the speed of the casting machine

在另一較佳實施例中，方法包含如下額外調節步驟： In another preferred embodiment, the method includes the following additional adjustment steps:

1. 使液體熔渣(以未知量)流入位置N中的模具中。因為任何過量熔渣傾瀉回至上游模具，所以熔渣高度(h slag )、模具中之熔渣體積(V Slag )以及模具中之熔渣質量(M slag )被認為係由所使用之模具類型及澆注區中之角度α所給定的。此模具所需之鋼球量(M steel )係基於(所選擇之)熔渣/剛比(λ) 1. Let the liquid slag (unknown amount) flow into the mold in position N. Since any excess slag is poured back into the upstream mold, the slag height ( h slag ), the slag volume in the mold ( V Slag ), and the slag quality in the mold ( M slag ) are considered to be the type of mold used. And the angle α in the casting zone is given. The amount of steel ball required for this mold ( M steel ) is based on (selected) slag / ratio ( λ )

a)如前文所述，基於溫度量測來調適鑄造機速度(V caster ) a) Adapt the casting machine speed based on temperature measurement ( V caster ) as described above

2. 一旦模具已到達位置N+2，則裝填鋼球 2. Once the mold has reached position N+2, load the steel ball

a)基於鑄造機速度(Vcaster)來判定滑動閘之打開時間(t) a) Determine the opening time of the sliding gate based on the casting machine speed (V caster ) (t)

b)基於以下各者來判定該閘之打開行程(x) b) determining the opening stroke of the gate based on each of the following (x)

i. 所需之鋼球質量M steel i. Required steel ball quality M steel

i. 打開時間(t) i. Open time ( t )

iii. 滑動閘之特性(曲線) Iii. Characteristics of the sliding gate ( curve)

3. 一旦模具已到達位置N+3，則使用雷射來量測鋼球/熔渣混合物高度(h mix ) 3. Once the mold has reached position N+3, use a laser to measure the height of the ball/slag mixture ( h mix )

a)將該高度(h mix )轉換成模具中之混合體積(V mix )。判定實際添加於模具中的鋼球(M steel ’)。 a) Convert the height ( h mix ) to the mixing volume ( V mix ) in the mold. The steel ball ( M steel ' ) actually added to the mold is determined.

4. 反饋-滑動閘特性之調適 4. Feedback - adjustment of sliding gate characteristics

a)若M steel =M steel ’，則已落下正確量的鋼球→不調適曲線 a) If M steel = M steel ', the correct amount of steel balls has been dropped → not adjusted curve

b)若M steel <>M steel ’；則調適曲線，以便適應所量測之混合高度。以下描述此調適。 b) if M steel <> M steel '; then adjust Curve to accommodate the measured mixing height. This adaptation is described below.

如圖5中所示，可概述此另一較佳調節方法。 As shown in Figure 5, this further preferred method of adjustment can be summarized.

閘特性之調適 Adjustment of gate characteristics

若鋼球之所量測量不符合理論量(M steel <>M steel ’)；則應調適曲線。差值△M steel 獲判定，因為裝填時間t已知，所以計算出之流率與實際流率之間的差值()得以計算。 If the measurement of the steel ball does not meet the theoretical amount ( M steel <> M steel '); curve. The difference ΔM steel is judged, because the filling time t is known, the difference between the calculated flow rate and the actual flow rate is calculated ( ) can be calculated.

若，則不施加校正且發出警報。若，則將執行對配料閥之質量流量特性曲線的校正。 If , no correction is applied and an alarm is issued. If , the correction of the mass flow characteristic curve of the batching valve will be performed.

曲線曲線為離散曲線。此曲線之校正可藉由針對表(參見圖6(b))中之每一流量值調整個別打開長度xn(參見圖6(a))來完成。位置距x愈遠，校正將會愈小。 curve The curve is a discrete curve. Correction of this curve can be accomplished by adjusting the individual opening length x n (see Figure 6(a)) for each flow value in the table (see Figure 6(b)). The further the position is from x , the smaller the correction will be.

為達到所期望之流率而對x(x i 與x i+1之間所包含的位置)施加之校正為△x。經校正之打開長度為x'=x+△x。 The correction applied to x (the position contained between x i and x i +1 ) to achieve the desired flow rate is Δ x . The corrected opening length is x' = x + △ x .

由於已計算出針對x之校正△x，因此材料流量表之位置值x n 將由經校正之值所替換。該更新係藉由使用以下公式來完成： Since the correction Δ x for x has been calculated, the position value x n of the material flow meter will be corrected Replaced. This update is done by using the following formula:

對於高於x之值x n 而言： For values higher than x x n :

對於低於x之值x n 而言： For values below x x n :

計算之限值： Calculation limit:

x min =配料閥之最小容許打開長度 x min = minimum allowable opening length of the dosing valve

x max =配料閥之最大容許打開長度 x max = maximum allowable opening length of the dosing valve

其中： among them:

：新值，單位為[mm] : new value in [mm]

x n ：舊值，單位為[mm] x n : old value in [mm]

N：為材料流量表中之值的總數 N : the total number of values in the material flow meter

n：為材料流量表中之所考慮位置(n=1...N) n : is the considered position in the material flow meter ( n =1... N )

K 1：防止過度校正的恆定因數(K 1 2) K 1 : constant factor to prevent overcorrection ( K 1 2)

1‧‧‧製造設備 1‧‧‧Manufacture equipment

10‧‧‧環狀輸送機 10‧‧‧Circular conveyor

11‧‧‧鑄模 11‧‧‧Molding

20‧‧‧熔渣流道 20‧‧‧ slag runner

21‧‧‧熱液體熔渣 21‧‧‧Hot liquid slag

30‧‧‧分配裝置 30‧‧‧Distribution device

31‧‧‧漏斗 31‧‧‧ funnel

32‧‧‧漏斗出口 32‧‧‧Funnel exit

35‧‧‧滑動閘閥 35‧‧‧Sliding gate valve

36‧‧‧防濺板 36‧‧‧ splash guard

A‧‧‧熔渣澆注區 A‧‧‧ slag pouring area

B‧‧‧冷卻區 B‧‧‧Cooling area

C‧‧‧卸除區 C‧‧‧Removal area

α‧‧‧輸送機在熔渣澆注區A中之傾斜角 The inclination angle of the α‧‧‧ conveyor in the slag casting area A

β‧‧‧輸送機在冷卻區B中之傾斜角 The inclination angle of the β‧‧‧ conveyor in the cooling zone B

Claims (20)

一種用於使用一鑄造設備(1)將熱液體熔渣加以乾熔渣粒化之方法，該鑄造設備包含具有複數個鑄模(11)之一環狀輸送機(10)，該環狀輸送機佈置成在一第一區段中將該等鑄模自一熔渣澆注區(A)穿過一冷卻區(B)移動至一卸除區(C)，且在一第二區段中移動回至該熔渣澆注區，該方法包含以下連續步驟：(a)在該熔渣澆注區中，將一定量的熱液體熔渣(21)澆注於一位置N中之一鑄模中，(b)在該冷卻區內移動一位置中之含有熱液體熔渣之該鑄模，(c)將固體金屬粒子(33)添加至含有熱液體熔渣之該鑄模，此係藉由使一定量的該等粒子自一分配裝置(30)落入該模具中來進行，該分配裝置佈置於該模具上方且包含用於儲存該等固體金屬粒子之至少一個漏斗(31)，(d)在該卸除區中，自該模具卸除經冷卻之凝固熔渣，其中藉由將該環狀輸送機之該第一區段中的該熔渣澆注區佈置成以一第一傾斜角α輸送該等模具來控制該鑄模中之液體熔渣量，該傾斜角α將該模具在該熔渣澆注區中的有效最大填充體積限制為一值Vα，任何過量熔渣傾瀉回至位置N-1、N-2等等中之一上游鑄模，其中該冷卻區係以一第二傾斜角β<α來佈置，以使得該模具在該冷卻區中的有效最大填充體積具有一值Vβ>Vα，且其中藉由致動佈置於該漏斗之出口(32)處的至少一個致動滑動閘(35)來控制由該分配裝置添加之金屬粒子量。 A method for granulating hot liquid slag to dry slag using a casting apparatus (1), the casting apparatus comprising an endless conveyor (10) having a plurality of molds (11), the endless conveyor Arranging the molds to move from a slag casting zone (A) through a cooling zone (B) to a removal zone (C) in a first section and moving back in a second section To the slag casting zone, the method comprises the following successive steps: (a) casting a quantity of hot liquid slag (21) into one of the molds N in the slag casting zone, (b) Moving the mold containing hot liquid slag in a position in the cooling zone, (c) adding solid metal particles (33) to the mold containing hot liquid slag by making a certain amount of such molds The particles are carried out from a dispensing device (30) falling into the mold, the dispensing device being disposed above the mold and comprising at least one funnel (31) for storing the solid metal particles, (d) in the removal zone Dissolving the cooled solidified slag from the mold, wherein the slag pouring area in the first section of the endless conveyor is arranged The molds are conveyed at a first angle of inclination α to control the amount of liquid slag in the mold, the angle of inclination α limiting the effective maximum fill volume of the mold in the slag casting zone to a value V α , any excess The slag is poured back to one of the upstream molds of positions N-1, N-2, etc., wherein the cooling zone is arranged at a second inclination angle β < α to make the mold effective in the cooling zone The fill volume has a value V[ beta] > V[ alpha] , and wherein the amount of metal particles added by the dispensing device is controlled by actuating at least one actuating slide (35) disposed at the outlet (32) of the funnel. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該熔渣澆注區中之該傾斜角α及該冷卻區中之該傾斜角β經選擇，以使得該模具在該熔渣澆注區中的該有效最大填充體積Vα介於該模具在該冷卻區中的該有效最大填充體積Vβ的0.25倍與0.75倍之間。 The method of claim 1, wherein the inclination angle α in the slag casting zone and the inclination angle β in the cooling zone are selected such that the mold is effectively effective in the slag casting zone. filling volume V α is between 0.25 times the effective maximum filling volume of the mold V β in the cooling zone with 0.75 times. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該至少一個致動滑動閘(35)包含一或多列對齊的孔洞(352)或兩列或兩列以上的交錯式孔洞。 The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one actuating sliding gate (35) comprises one or more columns of aligned holes (352) or two or more columns of staggered holes. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該分配裝置(30)包含兩個可單獨控制的致動滑動閘(35)，每一滑動閘覆蓋該鑄模之表面的一半。 The method of claim 1, wherein the dispensing device (30) comprises two individually controllable actuating sliding gates (35), each sliding gate covering one half of the surface of the mold. 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中該滑動閘之致動係利用一或多個液壓缸(355)來實現。 The method of claim 1, wherein the actuation of the sliding gate is accomplished using one or more hydraulic cylinders (355). 如申請專利範圍第1項之方法，其中藉由監測正在填充之該鑄模之上游(位置N-1及N-2)的至少兩個鑄模之溫度且藉由改變步驟(b)中之移動速度，來控制該等鑄模之移動。 The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of at least two molds upstream of the mold (positions N-1 and N-2) being filled is monitored by changing the moving speed in step (b) To control the movement of the molds. 如申請專利範圍第6項之方法，其中若位置N-1中之該鑄模的溫度歸因於沒有熱液體熔渣自位置N回流而未增加，則降低步驟(b)中之該移動速度，且其中若位置N-2中之該鑄模的溫度歸因於熱液體熔渣自位置N-1中之該鑄模回流而增加，則增加步驟(b)中之該移動速度。 The method of claim 6, wherein if the temperature of the mold in the position N-1 is not increased due to no hot liquid slag returning from the position N, the moving speed in the step (b) is decreased, And wherein if the temperature of the mold in the position N-2 is increased due to the reflow of the hot liquid slag from the mold in the position N-1, the moving speed in the step (b) is increased. 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之方法，其中實現該或該等滑動閘之關閉，以使得該固定板(353)之孔洞(354)未完全封閉，從而留下每一孔洞之一殘餘開口，該殘餘開口表示該等金屬粒子之直徑的0.3倍至1.5倍。 The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the closing of the sliding gate or the sliding gate is achieved such that the hole (354) of the fixing plate (353) is not completely closed, thereby leaving each hole One of the residual openings, which represents 0.3 to 1.5 times the diameter of the metal particles. 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之方法，該方法係用作一緊急調節。 The method of any one of claims 1 to 7 is used as an emergency adjustment. 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之方法，其進一步包含：在位置N+n的下游之一位置中量測步驟(c)之後在該鑄模中之熔渣與金屬粒子之實際組合量；基於熔渣與金屬粒子之該所量測組合量及熱液體熔渣之已知量來計算在步驟(c)中實際添加之金屬粒子的量，若實際添加的金屬粒子之該計算量並不對應於金屬粒子之期望量，則調適該至少一個滑動閘之特性。 The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: measuring the actual slag and metal particles in the mold after step (c) in a position downstream of the position N+n The amount of the combination; the amount of the metal particles actually added in the step (c) is calculated based on the measured combined amount of the slag and the metal particles and the known amount of the hot liquid slag, if the calculation of the actually added metal particles The amount does not correspond to the desired amount of metal particles, and the characteristics of the at least one sliding gate are adapted. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法，其中該至少一個滑動閘之該等特性包含隨該打開行程x而變的金屬粒子質量流量(曲線)。 The method of claim 10, wherein the characteristics of the at least one sliding gate comprise mass flow of metal particles that vary with the opening stroke x ( curve). 如申請專利範圍第1至7項中任一項之方法，其進一步包含以下步驟：(e)壓碎該凝固的熔渣及/或(f)在一熱交換器中回收熱量。 The method of any one of claims 1 to 7 further comprising the steps of: (e) crushing the solidified slag and/or (f) recovering heat in a heat exchanger. 一種用於將熱液體熔渣加以乾熔渣粒化之設備(1)，該設備包含具有複數個鑄模(11)之一環狀輸送機(10)，該環狀輸送機佈置成在一第一區段中將該等鑄模自一熔渣澆注區(A)穿過一冷卻區(B)移動至一卸除區(C)，且在一第二區段中移動回至該熔渣澆注區，且其中該設備進一步包含˙一分配裝置(30)，其在該冷卻區中佈置於該等模具上方且包含用於儲存固體金屬粒子(33)之至少一個漏斗(31)，該分配裝置進一步包含位 於該漏斗之出口(32)處的至少一個滑動閘(35)，該或該等滑動閘之致動允許控制該分配裝置所分配之金屬粒子量，其中該環狀輸送機之該第一區段中的該熔渣澆注區經佈置來允許以一第一傾斜角α輸送該等模具，該傾斜角將該模具在該熔渣澆注區(A)中的有效最大填充體積限制為一值Vα，且其中該冷卻區(B)係以一第二傾斜角β<α來佈置，以使得該模具在該冷卻區中的有效最大填充體積具有一值Vβ>Vα。 An apparatus (1) for granulating hot liquid slag to dry slag, the apparatus comprising an endless conveyor (10) having a plurality of molds (11) arranged in a first In a section, the molds are moved from a slag casting zone (A) through a cooling zone (B) to a removal zone (C), and moved back to the slag casting in a second zone. Zone, and wherein the apparatus further comprises a first dispensing device (30) disposed above the molds in the cooling zone and comprising at least one funnel (31) for storing solid metal particles (33), the dispensing device Further comprising at least one sliding gate (35) at the outlet (32) of the funnel, the actuation of the sliding gates permitting control of the amount of metal particles dispensed by the dispensing device, wherein the The slag casting zone in a section is arranged to allow the moulds to be conveyed at a first angle of inclination α which limits the effective maximum filling volume of the mould in the slag casting zone (A) to one the value of V α, and wherein the cooling zone (B) at a second inclination angle based β <α be arranged in the mold so that the Effective maximum fill volume but a region having a value V β> V α. 如申請專利範圍第13項之設備，其中該熔渣澆注區(A)中之該傾斜角α及該冷卻區(B)中之該傾斜角β經選擇，以使得該模具在該熔渣澆注區中的該有效最大填充體積Vα介於該模具在該冷卻區中的該有效最大填充體積Vβ的0.25倍與0.75倍之間。 The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the inclination angle α in the slag casting zone (A) and the inclination angle β in the cooling zone (B) are selected such that the mold is poured in the slag The effective maximum fill volume V[ alpha] in the zone is between 0.25 and 0.75 times the effective maximum fill volume V[ beta] of the mold in the cooling zone. 如申請專利範圍第13項之設備，其中該至少一個致動滑動閘(35)包含一或多列對齊的孔洞(352)或兩列或兩列以上的交錯式孔洞。 The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the at least one actuation sliding gate (35) comprises one or more columns of aligned holes (352) or two or more columns of staggered holes. 如申請專利範圍第13項之設備，其中該分配裝置包含兩個可單獨控制的致動滑動閘(35)，每一滑動閘覆蓋該鑄模之表面的一半。 The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the dispensing device comprises two individually controllable actuating sliding gates (35), each sliding gate covering one half of the surface of the mold. 如申請專利範圍第13項之設備，其中一或多個液壓缸(355)經提供來致動該或該等滑動閘。 The apparatus of claim 13, wherein one or more hydraulic cylinders (355) are provided to actuate the or the sliding brakes. 如申請專利範圍第13項之設備，其進一步包含：一控制單元，其用來調適該輸送機之移動速度；以及溫度感測器(TN-1、TN-2)，其用於監測在該分配裝置下方之該鑄模的上游(位置N-1及N-2)之至少兩個鑄模的溫度，其中該等鑄模之移動可由該控制單元藉由改變該等鑄模之移動速度來控制。 The apparatus of claim 13 further comprising: a control unit for adapting the moving speed of the conveyor; and a temperature sensor (T N-1 , T N-2 ) for monitoring The temperature of at least two of the molds upstream of the mold (positions N-1 and N-2) below the dispensing device, wherein movement of the molds can be controlled by the control unit by varying the speed of movement of the molds. 如申請專利範圍第18項之設備，其中若位置N-1中之該鑄模可由溫度感測器(TN-1)量測的該溫度歸因於沒有熱液體熔渣自位置N回流而未增加，則該控制單元可降低該移動速度，且其中若位置N-2中之該鑄模可由溫度感測器(TN-2)量測的該溫度歸因於熱液體熔渣自位置N-1中之該鑄模回流而增加，則該控制單元可增加該移動速度。 The apparatus of claim 18, wherein if the mold in the position N-1 is measured by the temperature sensor (T N-1 ), the temperature is attributed to the absence of hot liquid slag from the position N reflow. If it is increased, the control unit can reduce the moving speed, and wherein if the mold in the position N-2 can be measured by the temperature sensor (T N-2 ), the temperature is attributed to the hot liquid slag from the position N- The mold in 1 is reflowed to increase, and the control unit can increase the moving speed. 如申請專利範圍第13至19項中任一項之設備，其中該滑動閘之關閉可得以實現，以使得該固定板之孔洞未完全封閉，從而留下每一孔洞之一殘餘開口，該殘餘開口表示該等金屬粒子之直徑的0.3倍至1.5倍。 The apparatus of any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the closing of the sliding gate is achieved such that the holes of the fixing plate are not completely closed, thereby leaving a residual opening of each of the holes, the residue The openings indicate 0.3 to 1.5 times the diameter of the metal particles.
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