TW201443316A - Monitoring device for monitoring bridge foundations' riverbed scouring depth and accretion depth - Google Patents
Monitoring device for monitoring bridge foundations' riverbed scouring depth and accretion depth Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本發明係有關用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度及回淤深度之監測裝置，特別地是指一種能同時測得河床沖刷深度及回淤深度之監測裝置。 The invention relates to a monitoring device for monitoring the river bed scouring depth and the back slag depth of the bridge foundation, in particular to a monitoring device capable of simultaneously measuring the river bed scouring depth and the back slag depth.
一座橋樑斷面可能遭受之總沖刷深度，例如第1圖所示，包括一般沖刷(General Scour)及局部化沖刷(Localized Sour)所造成。一般沖刷係指河床全面性的下降，其成因主要為自然或人為因素，使河川泥砂運移喪失平衡所致；局部化沖刷再區分成(1)束縮沖刷(Contraction Scour)，係指因設置橋樑造成通水斷面減小增加流速而導致之河床沖刷行為；(2)橋墩及橋台之局部沖刷(Local Scour)，則指洪水流經橋墩或橋台周圍時，橋基周圍底床受到渦流侵蝕所導致之橋墩或橋台周圍淘刷現象，危及原本裸露之橋基，甚至橋樑傾斜、倒塌，造成交通中斷，對人民生命安全及財產造成莫大的傷害。 The total scouring depth of a bridge section may be affected, as shown in Figure 1, including General Scour and Localized Sour. Generally, flushing refers to the comprehensive decline of riverbed, and its cause is mainly natural or human factors, which causes the balance of river mud and sand migration to be lost; localized erosion is divided into (1) Contraction Scour, which refers to the setting The bridge causes the water flow section to decrease and increases the flow rate and causes the river bed to wash. (2) The local scour of the pier and the abutment means that the bed around the bridge is eddy eroded when the flood flows around the pier or the abutment. The resulting phenomenon of brushing around the pier or abutment endangers the originally exposed bridge foundation, and even the bridge is tilted and collapsed, causing traffic disruption and causing great harm to people's lives and property.
第1a圖所示，為一般橋樑遭遇洪水普遍在基樁附近之局部化沖刷的現象，為水流流經橋墩時，墩柱迎水面而受到沖刷掏空之狀況，即屬束縮沖刷；但當颱風暴雨期間，河流之渦流效應明顯昇升，橋墩及橋台之局部沖刷對橋基之掏空能量龐大，使樁基因瞬間之漂流 木或亂石撞毀甚至使橋梁倒塌之機會甚高，因此沖刷深度的監測及對通過人車之即時示警與管制就變得非常重要。 As shown in Fig. 1a, it is a phenomenon that the general bridge encounters flooding in the vicinity of the pile near the pile. When the water flows through the pier, the pier is flushed and emptied on the water surface, which is the bundle scouring; During the typhoon and rain, the vortex effect of the river increased significantly, and the partial scouring of the pier and the abutment caused a huge amount of hollowing energy to the bridge foundation, which caused the pile gene to drift instantaneously. The collision of wood or rock and even the chance of collapse of the bridge is very high, so the monitoring of the depth of erosion and the immediate warning and control of the passing of people and vehicles become very important.
習知用以監測橋樑基樁受沖刷深度之技術包括超音波量測、傳統重力式及光纖量測等原理。超音波量測之缺點在於音波對於溫度之敏感性高，且因涉及範圍廣而不易定義環境溫度。再者，音波傳遞路徑經過不同介質(如河水混濁)，影響到音波速度值之測得精度。另外，音波行進期間易受周遭噪音干擾，特別是颱風暴雨期間，渦流擾動、漂木與亂石撞擊、及強風呼嘯等。總之，超音波量測技術因運用性不佳而漸被淘汰。 Conventional techniques for monitoring the depth of scouring of bridge foundation piles include principles such as ultrasonic measurement, conventional gravity and fiber measurement. The disadvantage of ultrasonic measurement is that the sound wave is highly sensitive to temperature and it is not easy to define the ambient temperature due to the wide range involved. Furthermore, the sound wave transmission path passes through different media (such as river water turbidity), which affects the accuracy of the sound wave velocity measurement. In addition, during the sound wave travel, it is easy to be disturbed by the surrounding noise, especially during the typhoon storm, eddy current disturbance, drifting wood and rock impact, and strong wind whistling. In short, ultrasonic measurement technology has gradually been eliminated due to poor applicability.
為了改善習用橋基沖刷監測裝置及系統的缺失，例如第1b及1c圖所示，為本案發明人等於台灣發明專利I331178(對應中國發明專利ZL200710109492.8)，提出一種重力式用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度之監測裝置，其主要包括：至少一重力偵測桿(1’)，一端抵接在河床(8’)上，另一端朝垂直方向伸設；至少一重力偵測套管(2’)，其中心供該重力偵測桿(1’)穿過且容許其垂直方向滑動；至少一滑套(3’)，其一端具有一導引部(31’)鬆套設在該套管(2’)外側，另一端固定於橋樑之橋墩(6’)上，用於維持該套管(2’)和重力偵測桿(1’)能垂直方向滑動。據此，當河床(8’)因沖刷而下陷時，該重力偵測桿(1’)和重力偵測套管(2’)亦跟隨著下降，藉由位準滑移即時獲得沖刷資料，並進一步示警及管制通行防止意外傷害發生。 In order to improve the lack of conventional bridge-based scour monitoring devices and systems, such as shown in Figures 1b and 1c, the inventor of this case is equal to Taiwan invention patent I331178 (corresponding to Chinese invention patent ZL200710109492.8), and a gravity type is used to monitor the bridge foundation. The monitoring device for the river bed scouring depth mainly comprises: at least one gravity detecting rod (1'), one end abuts on the river bed (8'), and the other end extends in a vertical direction; at least one gravity detecting sleeve (2) '), the center of the gravity detecting rod (1') passes through and allows it to slide in the vertical direction; at least one sliding sleeve (3') has a guiding portion (31') at one end thereof loosely sleeved in the sleeve The outer side of the tube (2') is fixed to the bridge pier (6') to maintain the sleeve (2') and the gravity detecting rod (1') to slide vertically. Accordingly, when the riverbed (8') is sunk by scouring, the gravity detecting rod (1') and the gravity detecting sleeve (2') are also descended, and the flushing data is immediately obtained by the level sliding. Further warnings and controls are available to prevent accidental injuries.
上述公開案亦揭示一種遠端自動監測系統，其主要包括：至少一重力偵測桿(1’)，其一端可抵觸在河床(8’)上，另一端朝垂直方向向上伸設至設定高度；至少一重力偵測套管(2’)，其中心部分供該重力偵測桿穿過且可容許重力偵測桿(1’)在垂直方向滑動；多數個滑套(3’)，其一端鬆套設在該套管(2’)外側，另一端固定於橋樑橋墩(6’)之預定位置上，用於維持該套管(2’)和重力偵測桿(1’)之至少一者能在垂直方向滑動；至少一監測信號擷取單元(90’)，用以擷取該重力偵測桿(1’)或重力偵測套管(2’)滑動距離之電氣信號，並發送至一遠端管制中心，將接收之該監測電氣信號予以處理並通報一警報系統。其中，該電氣式信號擷取單元(90’)，利用一組設置於重力偵測桿(1’)上部之電阻貼片，藉由其分別具有一對擷取端點i,in及i,out，用以量測下降中流經電阻片之電流值，與流經標準電阻片的參考電流值比較，並將其相對值轉換成電氣信號發送至遠端管制中心，經中央處理器予以處理而可換算成沖刷深度量d等。 The above disclosure also discloses a remote automatic monitoring system, which mainly comprises: at least one gravity detecting rod (1'), one end of which can be in contact with the riverbed (8'), and the other end extending upward to the set height in the vertical direction At least one gravity detecting sleeve (2') having a central portion for the gravity detecting rod to pass through and allowing the gravity detecting rod (1') to slide in the vertical direction; a plurality of sliding sleeves (3'), One end is loosely sleeved on the outer side of the sleeve (2'), and the other end is fixed at a predetermined position of the bridge pier (6') for maintaining at least the sleeve (2') and the gravity detecting rod (1') One can slide in the vertical direction; at least one monitoring signal capturing unit (90') is used to capture the electrical signal of the sliding distance of the gravity detecting rod (1') or the gravity detecting sleeve (2'), and Send to a remote control center to process the monitored electrical signals received and notify an alarm system. Wherein, the electrical signal acquisition unit (90') utilizes a set of resistor patches disposed on the upper portion of the gravity detecting rod (1'), respectively, having a pair of extraction terminals i, in and i, respectively Out, used to measure the current value flowing through the resistor in the falling, compares with the reference current flowing through the standard resistor, and converts the relative value into an electrical signal and sends it to the remote control center for processing by the central processor. It can be converted into the amount of flushing d and so on.
另一方面，由於河川在洪流時沖刷和回淤是伴隨而生的，發明人等思及，上述公開案固然能測得橋基的沖刷情況以達成其發明目的應無置可否，但卻不能偵測實際回淤的數據。由於河川在洪流時的輸砂狀態觀測不易，往往只能在洪流退水後所見到的床面情況已經是回淤後的結果，卻不能表示實際刷深量，因此有可能在洪流期間溪床淘刷已達河川構造物之基腳，但在洪水退水後又將其基腳回淤，以致未能掌握溪床之沖淤的實 際狀況，致使河川治洪成效不彰。 On the other hand, because the rivers are accompanied by scouring and back-slipping during the torrent, the inventors have thought about it. Although the above disclosure can measure the scouring of the bridge foundation to achieve its purpose, it should be unresolved, but it cannot Detect the actual backfill data. Because the sand transport state of the river is difficult to observe during the flood, the bed surface that can only be seen after the flood is recirculated is the result of the back siltation, but it cannot indicate the actual brush depth, so it is possible that the river bed during the flood The scouring has reached the foot of the river structure, but after the flood has returned to the water, the foot of the river has been back-sludged. The situation has made the rivers and rivers ineffective.
本發明之主要目的在於提供一種用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度及淤泥深度之監測裝置，能偵測河床的沖刷深度同時可測得回淤的深度，用以改善先前技術河床沖刷監測系統使其更臻完善。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a monitoring device for monitoring the riverbed scouring depth and sludge depth of a bridge foundation, which can detect the scouring depth of the riverbed and measure the depth of the sluice, so as to improve the prior art riverbed scouring monitoring system. More perfect.
為了達成上述目的及其他目的，本發明用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度及回淤深度之監測裝置主要包括一重力偵測桿、一重力偵測套管、複數滑套、複數電阻尺、一動力機構、以及一控制器單元。其中，重力偵測桿一端抵觸在河床上，另一端垂直向上伸設；重力偵測套管套設於重力偵測桿，而重力偵測套管與重力偵測桿可相對滑動，且重力偵測套管之底端抵觸在河床上。另外，複數滑套沿著橋樑之縱深方向固設，而重力偵測套管與重力偵測桿穿經複數滑套，且重力偵測套管可自由地滑動於複數滑套中。複數電阻尺分別沿重力偵測桿及重力偵測套管之高度方向設置，每一電阻尺傳輸一量測信號；動力機構作動重力偵測套管上升及下降。此外，控制器單元電性連接複數電阻尺、及動力機構，控制器單元接收複數電阻尺之量測信號，並分別運算得到重力偵測套管和重力偵測桿之位移量，控制器單元控制動力機構之開啟及關閉。據此，本發明經由重力偵測桿之位移量可測得河床的沖刷深度，且藉由重力偵測套管在預定時間內重複地上升、下降，經由量測其位移量即可測得回淤的深度。 In order to achieve the above and other objects, the monitoring device for monitoring the river bed scouring depth and the back slag depth of the bridge foundation mainly comprises a gravity detecting rod, a gravity detecting sleeve, a plurality of sliding sleeves, a plurality of resistance rods, and a power. The organization, and a controller unit. Wherein, one end of the gravity detecting rod is in contact with the river bed, and the other end is vertically extended; the gravity detecting sleeve is sleeved on the gravity detecting rod, and the gravity detecting sleeve and the gravity detecting rod are relatively slidable, and the gravity detecting The bottom end of the measuring sleeve is in contact with the river bed. In addition, the plurality of sliding sleeves are fixed along the depth direction of the bridge, and the gravity detecting sleeve and the gravity detecting rod are passed through the plurality of sliding sleeves, and the gravity detecting sleeve is freely slidable in the plurality of sliding sleeves. The plurality of resistance rods are respectively disposed along the height direction of the gravity detecting rod and the gravity detecting sleeve, and each resistance rod transmits a measuring signal; the power mechanism activates the gravity detecting sleeve to rise and fall. In addition, the controller unit is electrically connected to the plurality of resistance bars and the power mechanism, and the controller unit receives the measurement signals of the plurality of resistance bars, and respectively calculates the displacement amounts of the gravity detecting sleeve and the gravity detecting rod, and the controller unit controls The opening and closing of the power mechanism. Accordingly, the present invention can measure the scouring depth of the riverbed through the displacement of the gravity detecting rod, and repeatedly rises and falls by the gravity detecting sleeve within a predetermined time, and can measure the displacement by measuring the displacement amount. The depth of the silt.
較佳的是，本發明之監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度及回淤深度之監測裝置可更包括一偵測器、及一計時器單元，而偵測器、及計時器單元可電性連接控制器單元。其中，偵測器偵測到重力偵測套管和重力偵測桿中至少一者位移時，控制器單元控制該動力機構啟動，據此一旦有沖刷情形產生時，便啟動監測。另外，計時器單元控制該動力機構作動重力偵測套管上升及下降的頻率。 Preferably, the monitoring device for monitoring the bridge bed scouring depth and the back slag depth of the present invention may further comprise a detector and a timer unit, and the detector and the timer unit are electrically connected to the controller. unit. Wherein, when the detector detects that at least one of the gravity detecting sleeve and the gravity detecting rod is displaced, the controller unit controls the starting of the power mechanism, and accordingly, when a flushing situation occurs, the monitoring is started. In addition, the timer unit controls the frequency at which the power mechanism operates the gravity detecting sleeve to rise and fall.
另外，本發明之監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度及回淤深度之監測裝置之動力機構可為一種捲揚機構，其包含一捲揚機，而捲揚機可藉由至少一鋼索吊掛重力偵測套管。亦即，可藉由捲揚機來拉起重力偵測套管，以偵測回淤。不過，本發明並不以捲揚機構為限，其他諸如齒輪、齒條、氣油壓、或其他可提供縱向位移之等效裝置均可適用於本發明。 In addition, the power mechanism of the monitoring device for monitoring the bridge bed scouring depth and the back slag depth of the present invention may be a hoisting mechanism including a hoist, and the hoist may suspend the gravity detecting sleeve by at least one cable. That is, the gravity detecting sleeve can be pulled up by the hoist to detect back silting. However, the present invention is not limited to the hoisting mechanism, and other equivalent devices such as gears, racks, gas oil pressure, or other longitudinal displacement may be suitable for use in the present invention.
根據本發明，可更包括一位於遠端的主控制器，控制器單元與主控制器可更包含一無線信號收發模組。控制器單元之無線信號收發模組發送重力偵測套管和重力偵測桿之位移量；主控制器之無線信號收發模組接收重力偵測套管和重力偵測桿之位移量，運算及分析當結果超出預設安全範圍時，即發送出一警訊，能發揮遠端監測功能並進一步防止意外發生。至於，無線信號收發模組可為一種藍芽模組、ZigBee模組、WiFi模組、或其他等效之有線、無線傳輸模組。 According to the present invention, the remote controller can be further included, and the controller unit and the main controller can further include a wireless signal transceiver module. The wireless signal transceiver module of the controller unit transmits the displacement of the gravity detecting sleeve and the gravity detecting rod; the wireless signal transceiver module of the main controller receives the displacement of the gravity detecting sleeve and the gravity detecting rod, and calculates Analysis When the result exceeds the preset security range, a warning is sent to enable remote monitoring and further prevent accidents. As for the wireless signal transceiver module, it can be a Bluetooth module, a ZigBee module, a WiFi module, or other equivalent wired and wireless transmission modules.
根據本發明，該重力偵測套管具有一內套管 與一外套管，兩者之間藉由多數個加勁鋼肋連接成一體，及該內套管內徑可容許該重力偵測桿穿過且在其內滑動，能避免遭受洪流沖擊時內套管直接損壞，可確保重力偵測桿的功能正常運作及重力偵測套管仍能上下滑動。 According to the invention, the gravity detecting sleeve has an inner sleeve And an outer sleeve which is integrally connected by a plurality of stiffening steel ribs, and the inner diameter of the inner sleeve allows the gravity detecting rod to pass through and slide therein to avoid the inner sleeve when subjected to a flooding impact Direct damage to the tube ensures that the gravity detection lever functions properly and the gravity detection sleeve can still slide up and down.
根據本發明，較佳地該監測裝置具有兩組，一組裝設於橋樑之迎水面，另一組則裝設於橋樑之背水面，即使在單側監測裝置損毀的情況下，亦可經由另一側監測裝置發揮監測功能。 According to the present invention, preferably, the monitoring device has two groups, one of which is assembled on the water-facing surface of the bridge, and the other of which is installed on the water surface of the bridge, even in the case where the single-side monitoring device is damaged, The monitoring device on one side performs the monitoring function.
根據本發明，較佳地該監測裝置又包括至少一監視攝影機，用以收錄現場的影音信號，並透過該控制器單元向遠端的控制中心傳送。 According to the present invention, preferably, the monitoring device further includes at least one surveillance camera for recording the video signal of the scene and transmitting it to the remote control center through the controller unit.
1‧‧‧本發明監測裝置 1‧‧‧ monitoring device of the invention
11‧‧‧重力偵測桿 11‧‧‧Gravity detection rod
110‧‧‧抵接部 110‧‧‧Apartment
111‧‧‧第一電阻尺 111‧‧‧First resistance ruler
2‧‧‧橋樑 2‧‧‧ Bridge
2a‧‧‧橋墩 2a‧‧‧ Pier
21‧‧‧重力偵測套管 21‧‧‧Gravity detection casing
21a‧‧‧內套管 21a‧‧‧Inner casing
21b‧‧‧外套管 21b‧‧‧Outer casing
21c‧‧‧加勁鋼肋 21c‧‧‧ stiffening steel ribs
211‧‧‧第二電阻尺 211‧‧‧second resistance ruler
3‧‧‧河床 3‧‧‧ Riverbed
31‧‧‧滑套 31‧‧‧Sleeve
311‧‧‧導引部 311‧‧‧ Guidance Department
312‧‧‧水平臂 312‧‧‧ horizontal arm
41‧‧‧動力機構 41‧‧‧Power Agency
410‧‧‧絞盤 410‧‧‧ winch
411‧‧‧鋼索 411‧‧‧Steel cable
51‧‧‧控制器單元 51‧‧‧Controller unit
511‧‧‧無線信號收發模組 511‧‧‧Wireless Signal Transceiver Module
52‧‧‧計時器單元 52‧‧‧Timer unit
53‧‧‧感測器 53‧‧‧ Sensors
54‧‧‧監視攝影機 54‧‧‧ surveillance camera
55‧‧‧警示器 55‧‧‧ Warning device
60‧‧‧主控制器 60‧‧‧Master controller
601‧‧‧無線信號收發模組 601‧‧‧Wireless Signal Transceiver Module
第1圖係轉繪自台灣發明專利I331178，其顯示一般橋墩基礎處經過暴雨或長期沖刷之實景參考圖；第1a圖為轉繪自台灣發明專利I331178，其顯示以流體力學說明一般橋墩及基礎處所受沖刷現象之示意圖；第1b圖為轉繪自台灣發明專利I331178，揭示一種重力式用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度之監測裝置；第1c圖為轉繪自台灣發明專利I331178，揭示一種用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度之遠端自動監測系統；第2圖係繪示本發明用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度及回淤深度之重力偵測桿之立體圖；第3圖係顯示第2圖之重力偵測桿偵測回淤深度狀態之立體圖； 第4圖係繪示本發明用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度及回淤深度之監測裝置之實施例之示意圖；第5圖為顯示本發明重力偵測桿偵測沖刷深度及回淤深度隨著時間變化狀態之示意圖；第6圖為顯示本發明將偵測之沖刷深度及回淤深度應用電阻尺轉換成量測信號之示意圖。 The first picture is transferred from Taiwan invention patent I331178, which shows the real-time reference picture of the general pier foundation after heavy rain or long-term scouring; the first picture is transferred to Taiwan invention patent I331178, which shows the general pier and foundation by fluid mechanics Schematic diagram of the scouring phenomenon of the premises; Figure 1b is a transfer of the invention patent I331178 from Taiwan, revealing a gravity-type monitoring device for monitoring the riverbed scouring depth of the bridge foundation; Figure 1c is a transfer from Taiwan invention patent I331178, revealing a use The remote automatic monitoring system for monitoring the river bed scouring depth of the bridge foundation; the second figure shows the perspective view of the gravity detecting rod for monitoring the river bed scouring depth and the back slag depth of the bridge foundation; FIG. 3 shows the second figure The gravity detecting rod detects a back view of the depth of the siltation; 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a monitoring device for monitoring the riverbed scouring depth and back slag depth of the bridge foundation according to the present invention; and FIG. 5 is a view showing the gravity detecting rod of the present invention for detecting the scouring depth and the back slag depth. Schematic diagram of the time change state; Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the application of the resistance scale to the measurement signal by the detection of the scouring depth and the back slag depth.
第7圖為顯示本發明用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度及回淤深度之監測裝置之系統方塊圖。 Figure 7 is a block diagram showing the system for monitoring the depth of the bridge bed and the depth of backfilling of the bridge.
以下將配合實施例對本發明技術特點作進一步地說明，該實施例僅為較佳代表的範例並非用來限定本發明之實施範圍，謹藉由參考附圖結合下列詳細說明而獲致最好的理解。 The technical features of the present invention will be further clarified with reference to the embodiments, which are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present invention. .
首先，請參考第2、3及4圖，其用來說明本發明用於監測橋樑基礎河床沖刷深度及回淤深度之監測裝置之具體的實施例。根據本發明監測裝置1，主要包括：至少一重力偵測桿11、至少一重力偵測套管21、複數滑套31、複數電阻尺111及211、一動力機構411、一控制器單元51、一計時器單元52，及一外部電源，其分別與該複數電阻尺111,211、動力機構411、控制器單元51、計時器單元52等成電性連接。 First, please refer to Figures 2, 3 and 4 for illustrating a specific embodiment of the monitoring device of the present invention for monitoring the river bed scour depth and back slag depth of the bridge foundation. The monitoring device 1 according to the present invention mainly includes: at least one gravity detecting rod 11, at least one gravity detecting sleeve 21, a plurality of sliding sleeves 31, a plurality of resistance bars 111 and 211, a power mechanism 411, a controller unit 51, A timer unit 52 and an external power source are electrically connected to the plurality of resistor scales 111, 211, the power mechanism 411, the controller unit 51, the timer unit 52, and the like, respectively.
該重力偵測桿11，在其下端包含一個往徑向擴大之圓盤形的抵接部110，用以抵觸在河床3上防止該重力偵測桿11在已液化或鬆軟土壤上過度沉陷，上端則垂直向上伸設。該重力偵測桿11具有一預定的直徑及重 量，例如選用高硬度及機械強度之實心不銹鋼材料，或者選用質量足以避免洪流瞬間沖擊而造成變形之空心不銹鋼材料所構成。 The gravity detecting rod 11 includes a radially expanding disc-shaped abutting portion 110 at a lower end thereof for preventing the gravity detecting rod 11 from being over-sinked on the liquefied or soft soil on the river bed 3, The upper end extends vertically upwards. The gravity detecting rod 11 has a predetermined diameter and weight The amount is, for example, a solid stainless steel material with high hardness and mechanical strength, or a hollow stainless steel material of sufficient quality to avoid deformation caused by a transient impact of a flood.
該重力偵測套管21，具有一內套管21a及一外套管21b、及在兩者之間藉由多數個徑向加勁鋼肋21c連接成一體。其中，該內套管21a具有中空的中心部，穿設在該重力偵測桿11的外側而可滑動。該重力偵測套管21的尺寸係配合洪水沖刷之現況資料，利用有限元素分析法模擬而設計，該內套管21a、外套管21b及加勁鋼肋21c等，例如選用高機械強度及延展性之不銹鋼材料製造，該加勁鋼肋21c介於內套管21a和外套管21b之間具有消能的作用，當瞬間遭受洪流撞擊時即使外套管21b變形，仍可避免內套管21a直接損壞，而可確保內套管21a內之重力偵測桿11的功能正常運作，及該重力偵測套管21仍能上下滑動；又，該重力偵測套管21的底部應在任意時刻皆可因重力而觸及河床3面。 The gravity detecting sleeve 21 has an inner sleeve 21a and an outer sleeve 21b, and is integrally connected by a plurality of radial stiffening steel ribs 21c therebetween. The inner sleeve 21a has a hollow central portion that is slidably disposed outside the gravity detecting rod 11. The size of the gravity detecting sleeve 21 is matched with the current situation of flood scouring, and is designed by finite element analysis. The inner sleeve 21a, the outer sleeve 21b and the stiffened steel rib 21c are, for example, selected for high mechanical strength and ductility. The stainless steel material is manufactured, and the stiffening steel rib 21c has an energy dissipation function between the inner sleeve 21a and the outer sleeve 21b. When the outer sleeve 21b is deformed when it is instantaneously subjected to a flooding, the inner sleeve 21a can be prevented from being directly damaged. It can ensure that the function of the gravity detecting rod 11 in the inner sleeve 21a is normal, and the gravity detecting sleeve 21 can still slide up and down; further, the bottom of the gravity detecting sleeve 21 should be at any time. Gravity touches the 3 sides of the riverbed.
每一滑套31之一端包含一環狀的導引部311，鬆套設在重力偵測套管21的外側，另一端伸設有複數水平臂312固接於橋樑2之橋墩21的預設位置。較佳地，該滑套31應在洪水面上至少設置二個以上，用於維持重力偵測套管21和重力偵測桿11之至少一者能在垂直方向滑動；並且，應在每次洪水過後得以抽出檢查設備的功能是否正常。 One end of each sliding sleeve 31 includes an annular guiding portion 311 which is loosely sleeved on the outer side of the gravity detecting sleeve 21, and the other end is provided with a preset of a plurality of horizontal arms 312 fixed to the bridge pier 21 of the bridge 2. position. Preferably, the sliding sleeve 31 should be provided at least two or more on the flood surface for maintaining at least one of the gravity detecting sleeve 21 and the gravity detecting rod 11 to slide in the vertical direction; After the flood, the function of the inspection equipment is normal.
一第一電阻尺111沿該至少一重力偵測桿11之高度方向設置，該第一電阻尺111具有兩端點P1(i,in) 、P2(i,out)，用以擷取流經該第一電阻尺111之電流值；一第二電阻尺211沿該至少一重力偵測套管21之高度方向設置，及該第二電阻尺211具有兩端點P1’(i,in)、P2’(i,out)，用以擷取流經該第二電阻尺211之電流值。 A first resistance rule 111 is disposed along a height direction of the at least one gravity detecting rod 11 having a point P1(i,in) And P2(i, out) for extracting a current value flowing through the first resistor scale 111; a second resistor scale 211 disposed along a height direction of the at least one gravity detecting sleeve 21, and the second resistor The ruler 211 has two end points P1'(i,in) and P2'(i,out) for extracting a current value flowing through the second resistance rule 211.
動力機構41在本實施例中為一捲揚機構，包含一絞盤410。一鋼索411，其一端捲繞在該絞盤410上，另一端懸掛著重力偵測套管21；該動力機構41受控作動重力偵測套管21上升及下降。當然，本領域具有通常知識者可以理解的是，作動該重力偵測套管21上升或下降有許多種可行的方式，利用捲揚機構祇是本實施例用來代表說明，並不以此為限。 In the present embodiment, the power mechanism 41 is a hoisting mechanism including a winch 410. A cable 411 has one end wound around the winch 410 and a gravity detecting sleeve 21 suspended at the other end; the power mechanism 41 is controlled to move the gravity detecting sleeve 21 up and down. Of course, it is understood by those skilled in the art that there are many possible ways to activate the gravity detecting sleeve 21 to rise or fall. The use of the hoisting mechanism is merely illustrative of the embodiment, and is not limited thereto.
該控制器單元51包含一偵測器53及一計時器單元52，該偵測器53例如光學式、光感測器或電氣式等，當該偵測器53在偵測到重力偵測套管21或重力偵測桿11至少之一者位移時，該控制器單元51即接通該動力機構41的控制電路；該計時器單元52即用來控制該動力機構41作動重力偵測套管21上升、下降的時間和頻率，例如每隔一預定時間上下抽動該至少一重力偵測套管21一次。該控制器單元51擷取流經該第一電阻尺111和第二電阻尺211之電流值，經分析比較並轉換成對應於重力偵測桿11及重力偵測套管21之位移量；又，該控制器單元51包含一無線信號收發模組511，用以將對應於重力偵測套管21和重力偵測桿11之位移量的量測信號向遠端的控制中心傳送，該無線信號收發模組511諸如種藍芽模組、ZigBee模組或WiFi模組等。較佳地，又包括至少一監視 攝影機54，用以收錄橋樑2現場的影音信號，並透過該控制器單元52向遠端的控制中心傳送。 The controller unit 51 includes a detector 53 and a timer unit 52, such as an optical sensor, a photo sensor, or an electric device. When the detector 53 detects a gravity detecting sleeve. When at least one of the tube 21 or the gravity detecting rod 11 is displaced, the controller unit 51 turns on the control circuit of the power mechanism 41; the timer unit 52 is used to control the power mechanism 41 to actuate the gravity detecting sleeve. The time and frequency of rising and falling, for example, twitching the at least one gravity detecting sleeve 21 up and down every predetermined time. The controller unit 51 draws current values flowing through the first resistor 111 and the second resistor 211, and compares and converts them into displacements corresponding to the gravity detecting rod 11 and the gravity detecting sleeve 21; The controller unit 51 includes a wireless signal transceiver module 511 for transmitting a measurement signal corresponding to the displacement of the gravity detecting sleeve 21 and the gravity detecting rod 11 to a remote control center. The wireless signal is transmitted. The transceiver module 511 is such as a Bluetooth module, a ZigBee module, or a WiFi module. Preferably, at least one monitoring is included The camera 54 is configured to record the video signal of the bridge 2 and transmit it to the remote control center through the controller unit 52.
較佳地，由上述重力偵測桿11、重力偵測套管21、滑套31、電阻尺111及211、動力機構411、控制器單元51及計時器單元52等所組成之監測裝置1具備有兩組，一組裝設於橋樑2的迎水面，另一組則裝設於橋樑2的背水面，即使在單側監測裝置1損毀的情況下，亦可經由另一側監測裝置1發揮監測的功能。 Preferably, the monitoring device 1 composed of the gravity detecting rod 11, the gravity detecting sleeve 21, the sliding sleeve 31, the resistance bars 111 and 211, the power mechanism 411, the controller unit 51, and the timer unit 52 is provided. There are two groups, one is assembled on the water-facing surface of the bridge 2, and the other is installed on the back surface of the bridge 2. Even if the one-side monitoring device 1 is damaged, it can be monitored via the other monitoring device 1 The function.
誠如第5圖所示，本發明監測裝置1應用於橋樑之遠端監測，當河床因洪流沖刷而下陷時該重力偵測桿11和重力偵測套管21亦隨著下降，當偵測器53在偵測到重力偵測套管21或重力偵測桿11至少其中之一者位移時，該控制器單元51即導通動力機構41的控制電路，該動力機構41受計時器單元52控制，以一預定時間及頻率上下來回抽動重力偵測套管21。該重力偵測桿11隨著沖刷時間愈長而下陷愈深，而該重力偵測套管21則隨著上下抽動頻率受回淤砂石愈墊愈高。 As shown in Fig. 5, the monitoring device 1 of the present invention is applied to the remote monitoring of the bridge. When the river bed is sunk due to the torrent flushing, the gravity detecting rod 11 and the gravity detecting sleeve 21 also fall, when detecting When detecting at least one of the gravity detecting sleeve 21 or the gravity detecting rod 11 is displaced, the controller unit 51 turns on the control circuit of the power mechanism 41, and the power mechanism 41 is controlled by the timer unit 52. The gravity detecting sleeve 21 is pulsed up and down at a predetermined time and frequency. The gravity detecting rod 11 sinks deeper as the scouring time is longer, and the gravity detecting sleeve 21 is subjected to the higher and higher squeezing frequency.
請同時參考第6及7圖，根據本發明，該控制器單元51記憶有洪流沖刷前流經第一電阻尺111和第二電阻尺211兩端點的電流參考值(I,ref)，經比較擷取自重力偵測桿11和重力偵測套管21下降中流經該第一電阻尺111和該第二電阻尺211兩端點之電流的變化值(I,ref/I)，而可換算成沖刷深度D1及回淤深度D2。例如：將並聯之參考電阻R0及待測電阻R，通入等強度之電流，可運用下列關係式，式(1)及式(2)： Please refer to FIGS. 6 and 7 at the same time. According to the present invention, the controller unit 51 memorizes the current reference value (I, ref ) flowing through the ends of the first resistor 111 and the second resistor 211 before the torrent flushing. Comparing the change values (I, ref /I) of the current flowing through the points of the first resistance ruler 111 and the second resistance rule 211 in the falling of the gravity detecting rod 11 and the gravity detecting sleeve 21, Converted to flush depth D1 and backfill depth D2. For example, if the parallel reference resistor R 0 and the resistor R to be tested are connected to the current of equal intensity, the following relationship can be used, formula (1) and formula (2):
(L01-d1)/L01=R/R0=I,ref/I 式(1)；d1=L01(1-(I,ref/I)) 式(2)；而可運算出該重力偵測桿11因沖刷而造成下降量d1對應於沖刷深度D1,cm。 (L 0 1-d1)/L 0 1=R/R 0 =I, ref /I Equation (1); d1=L 0 1(1-(I, ref /I)) Equation (2); Calculating that the gravity detecting rod 11 is caused by the flushing amount d1 corresponds to the flushing depth D1, cm.
同樣地，運用關係式，式(1)及式(2)：(L02-d3)/L02=R/R0=I,ref/I 式(1)；d3=L02(1-(I,ref/I)) 式(2)；d2=(L02-d1)+d3；而可運算出該重力偵測套管21因回淤而墊高的變化d2對應於回淤深度D2,cm(如第6圖所示)。 Similarly, using the relation, equations (1) and (2): (L 0 2-d3) / L 0 2 = R / R 0 = I, ref / I Equation (1); d3 = L 0 2 ( 1- (I, ref / I) ) of formula (2); d2 = (L 0 2-d1) + d3; and may be calculated by the gravity detector 21 casing and padded Backsilting d2 corresponds to a change back to Deposition depth D2, cm (as shown in Figure 6).
另一方面，位在遠端的控制中心包含一主控制器60，其具有一無線信號收發模組601，諸如種藍芽模組、ZigBee模組或WiFi模組等，該主控制器60之無線信號收發模組601接收來自該控制器單元51之量測信號，經運算分析當結果超出預設安全範圍時，即發送出一警訊，例如以警示器55警告通過橋樑的人車、或向媒體發佈即時影像、或透過行動裝置61通告監管橋樑之工務單位等。 On the other hand, the remote control center includes a main controller 60 having a wireless signal transceiving module 601, such as a Bluetooth module, a ZigBee module or a WiFi module, etc., the main controller 60 The wireless signal transceiver module 601 receives the measurement signal from the controller unit 51, and performs an operation analysis to send a warning message when the result exceeds the preset safety range, for example, the warning device 55 warns the person passing the bridge, or Publish an instant image to the media, or notify the public security unit that supervises the bridge through the mobile device 61.
以上，僅為本發明的較佳實施例，並不侷限本發明的實施範圍，舉凡不偏離本發明申請專利範圍所作之均等變化與修飾，應仍屬本發明之涵蓋範圍。 The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the equivalent variations and modifications of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.
1‧‧‧本發明監測裝置 1‧‧‧ monitoring device of the invention
11‧‧‧重力偵測桿 11‧‧‧Gravity detection rod
2‧‧‧橋樑 2‧‧‧ Bridge
2a‧‧‧橋墩 2a‧‧‧ Pier
21‧‧‧重力偵測套管 21‧‧‧Gravity detection casing
3‧‧‧河床 3‧‧‧ Riverbed
31‧‧‧滑套 31‧‧‧Sleeve
311‧‧‧導引部 311‧‧‧ Guidance Department
312‧‧‧水平臂 312‧‧‧ horizontal arm
41‧‧‧動力機構 41‧‧‧Power Agency
410‧‧‧絞盤 410‧‧‧ winch
411‧‧‧鋼索 411‧‧‧Steel cable
53‧‧‧感測器 53‧‧‧ Sensors
54‧‧‧監視攝影機 54‧‧‧ surveillance camera
Claims (9)
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| TW102117006A TW201443316A (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2013-05-14 | Monitoring device for monitoring bridge foundations' riverbed scouring depth and accretion depth |
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| TW102117006A TW201443316A (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2013-05-14 | Monitoring device for monitoring bridge foundations' riverbed scouring depth and accretion depth |
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| TW201443316A true TW201443316A (en) | 2014-11-16 |
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| CN110133666A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院声学研究所 | A kind of monitoring System and method for of offshore wind farm pile scouring state |
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| TWI719812B (en) * | 2020-01-20 | 2021-02-21 | 林子剛 | Gravity river bed scour monitoring system reset device |
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| US20230044394A1 (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2023-02-09 | Wenzhou University | Wireless detection device and wireless detection method for quickly positioning throw-fill stone falling depth and long-term settlement in blasting silt-squeezing construction |
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| CN112924221A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-06-08 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Underwater silt thickness measuring device |
| CN112924221B (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-09-30 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Underwater silt thickness measuring device |
| CN114427849A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-03 | 中国铁建大桥工程局集团有限公司 | Riverbed elevation measuring device at steel pipe pile position of high-flow-velocity turbid water body |
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