TW201440378A - Charging balancing system based on battery operating process and charging balancing method thereof - Google Patents
Charging balancing system based on battery operating process and charging balancing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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本發明為有關於一種電池均充系統及其均充方法,特別是指一種根據電池的操作歷程選擇殘電量估測法以用於均充之基於電池操作歷程的均充系統及其均充方法。 The present invention relates to a battery charging system and a charging method thereof, and particularly to an equalizing system based on a battery operating history and a charging method thereof, which are selected according to a battery operating history. .
近年來,隨著行動裝置的普及與蓬勃發展,為了提升二次電池的使用壽命而使用充電平衡技術(也稱為均充技術)已屬常態,而如何提高均充效率更成為各家廠商亟欲解決的問題之一。 In recent years, with the popularization and vigorous development of mobile devices, it has become the norm to use the charge balancing technology (also known as equalization technology) in order to improve the service life of secondary batteries, and how to improve the charging efficiency has become a manufacturer. One of the problems to be solved.
一般而言,均充技術區分為兩大部分,即:主動式平衡或被動式平衡。而為了有效提高均充效率,通常會估測電池芯的殘電量,用以作為控制充電平衡的依據,也因如此,均充效率將受到電池殘電量的影響甚深,倘若無法正確估測電池殘電量,將無法有效對電池組內的所有電池芯進行充電平衡,導致因均充效率不佳而造成電池芯過度充電的問題,甚至造成降低二次電池的使用壽命。 In general, the equalization technology is divided into two parts, namely: active balance or passive balance. In order to effectively improve the charging efficiency, the residual power of the battery core is usually estimated to be used as a basis for controlling the charging balance. Therefore, the charging efficiency will be greatly affected by the residual power of the battery, if the battery cannot be correctly estimated. Residual power will not be able to effectively balance all the cells in the battery pack, resulting in over-charging of the battery cells due to poor charging efficiency, and even reducing the service life of the secondary battery.
有鑑於此,便有廠商提出各種估測電池殘電量的方法,如:開路電壓法、安培小時法、庫倫計數法、卡曼濾波法……等等。甚至更有為了提高電池殘電量的準確性,而對上述方法進行改良的殘電量估測方法,如:以庫倫計數法為基礎的改良式庫倫計數法。不過,二次電池在經過不同的操作後,原先使用的估測法不見得仍然適用於此電池,例如:二次電池在長時間使用後,以安培小時法估測電池殘電量將越來越失真。因此,無論是改良前或改良後的殘電量估測法, 仍然無法有效解決因不準確的估測殘電量造成均充效率不佳的問題。 In view of this, some manufacturers have proposed various methods for estimating the residual capacity of the battery, such as: open circuit voltage method, ampere hour method, Coulomb counting method, Kaman filtering method, and the like. There are even more methods for estimating residual power in order to improve the accuracy of battery residual power, such as the improved Coulomb counting method based on the Coulomb counting method. However, after the secondary battery has undergone different operations, the original estimation method may not be applicable to the battery. For example, after the battery is used for a long time, it is estimated that the battery residual capacity will be increased by the ampere-hour method. distortion. Therefore, whether it is the pre-improvement or improved residual power estimation method, It still cannot effectively solve the problem of poor charging efficiency caused by inaccurate estimation of residual power.
綜上所述,可知先前技術中長期以來一直存在因不準確的估測殘電量造成均充效率不佳之問題,因此實有必要提出改進的技術手段,來解決此一問題。 In summary, it can be seen that there has been a problem in the prior art that the charging efficiency is not good due to the inaccurate estimation of the residual power. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an improved technical means to solve this problem.
有鑒於先前技術存在的問題,本發明遂揭露一種基於電池操作歷程的均充系統及其均充方法。 In view of the problems of the prior art, the present invention discloses an equalization system based on a battery operation history and a method of equalizing the same.
本發明所揭露之基於電池操作歷程的均充系統,應用在具有多個電池芯的電池組中,其包含:儲存模組、感測模組、微處理單元及均充模組。其中,儲存模組用以預先儲存殘電量估測法;感測模組用以持續感測並記錄每一電池芯的狀態以產生一組感測參數;微處理單元用以分析此組感測參數以生成操作歷程,並且根據此操作歷程自儲存模組中選擇至少一種殘電量估測法以計算出每一電池芯的殘電量;均充模組用以根據計算出的每一電池芯的殘電量分別調整每一電池芯的充電電流及充電時間,使所述電池芯維持充電平衡。 The charging system based on battery operation history disclosed in the present invention is applied to a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells, and comprises: a storage module, a sensing module, a micro processing unit and a equalization module. The storage module is configured to pre-store the residual power estimation method; the sensing module is configured to continuously sense and record the state of each battery cell to generate a set of sensing parameters; and the micro processing unit is configured to analyze the sensing group. The parameter is used to generate an operation history, and according to the operation history, at least one residual power estimation method is selected from the storage module to calculate the residual power of each battery core; the equalization module is used to calculate each battery core according to the calculation The residual power adjusts the charging current and charging time of each battery cell separately, so that the battery core maintains the charging balance.
至於本發明之基於電池操作歷程的均充方法,應用在具有多個電池芯的電池組中,其步驟包括:預先儲存殘電量估測法;持續感測並記錄每一電池芯的狀態以產生一組感測參數;分析此組感測參數以生成操作歷程,並且根據此操作歷程自儲存模組中選擇至少一種殘電量估測法以計算出每一電池芯的殘電量;根據計算出的每一電池芯的殘電量分別調整每一電池芯的充電電流及充電時間,使所述電池芯維持充電平衡。 The method for equalizing the battery operation history of the present invention is applied to a battery pack having a plurality of battery cells, the steps comprising: pre-storing a residual power estimation method; continuously sensing and recording the state of each battery core to generate a set of sensing parameters; analyzing the set of sensing parameters to generate an operating history, and selecting at least one residual power estimation method from the storage module according to the operating history to calculate a residual power of each battery cell; The residual power of each battery cell adjusts the charging current and charging time of each battery core separately, so that the battery core maintains the charging balance.
本發明所揭露之系統與方法如上,與先前技術之間的差異在於本發明是透過感測電池組中的所有電池芯的狀態以產生感測參數,並分析感測參數以生成操作歷程,以及根據此操作歷程選擇至少一種殘電量估測法以計算出各電池 芯的殘電量,再根據殘電量分別調整各電池芯的充電電流及充電時間。 The system and method disclosed by the present invention are as above, and the difference from the prior art is that the present invention generates a sensing parameter by sensing the state of all the cells in the battery pack, and analyzing the sensing parameters to generate an operation history, and According to this operation history, at least one residual power estimation method is selected to calculate each battery. The residual power of the core, and then adjust the charging current and charging time of each battery cell according to the residual power.
透過上述的技術手段,本發明可以達成提高電池的均充效率之技術功效。 Through the above technical means, the present invention can achieve the technical effect of improving the charging efficiency of the battery.
10‧‧‧電池組 10‧‧‧Battery Pack
11‧‧‧電池芯 11‧‧‧ battery core
110‧‧‧儲存模組 110‧‧‧Storage module
120‧‧‧感測模組 120‧‧‧Sensor module
130‧‧‧微處理單元 130‧‧‧Microprocessing unit
140‧‧‧均充模組 140‧‧‧ Equalization Module
150‧‧‧權重模組 150‧‧‧weight module
步驟210‧‧‧預先儲存多個殘電量估測法 Step 210‧‧‧ Pre-store multiple residual power estimation methods
步驟211‧‧‧預先儲存對應每一殘電量估測法的一權重值,用以在計算每一電池芯的殘電量時,根據所述權重值進行調整 Step 211‧‧‧ pre-store a weight value corresponding to each residual power estimation method for adjusting the weight value according to the weight value when calculating the residual power of each battery core
步驟220‧‧‧持續感測並記錄每一電池芯的狀態以產生一組感測參數 Step 220‧‧‧Continuously sense and record the status of each cell to generate a set of sensing parameters
步驟230‧‧‧分析該組感測參數以生成一操作歷程,並且根據該操作歷程選擇所述殘電量估測法至少其中之一以計算出每一電池芯的殘電量 Step 230‧ ‧ analyze the set of sensing parameters to generate an operation history, and select at least one of the residual power estimation methods according to the operation history to calculate the residual capacity of each battery core
步驟240‧‧‧根據計算出的每一電池芯的殘電量分別調整每一電池芯的充電電流及充電時間,使所述電池芯維持充電平衡 Step 240‧‧‧ Adjust the charging current and charging time of each battery cell according to the calculated residual power of each battery cell, so that the battery core maintains the charging balance
第1圖為本發明基於電池操作歷程的均充系統之系統方塊圖。 1 is a system block diagram of an equalization system based on a battery operation history of the present invention.
第2圖為本發明基於電池操作歷程的均充方法之方法流程圖。 2 is a flow chart of a method for equalizing a battery operation history according to the present invention.
第3圖為向量式殘電量估測法生成電池動態內阻電量的分量之示意圖。 The third figure is a schematic diagram of the component of the dynamic internal resistance of the battery generated by the vector residual power estimation method.
第4A圖及第4B圖為向量式殘電量估測法以前後之放電C數進行加權處理之示意圖。 Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B are schematic diagrams showing the weighting process of the number of discharge Cs before and after the vector type residual electric quantity estimation method.
第5圖為向量式殘電量估測法定義電池殘電量的百分比之示意圖。 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the percentage of battery residual capacity defined by the vector residual power estimation method.
第6圖為向量式殘電量估測法計算電池殘電量的百分比之示意圖。 Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the percentage of residual battery power calculated by the vector residual power estimation method.
以下將配合圖式及實施例來詳細說明本發明之實施方式,藉此對本發明如何應用技術手段來解決技術問題並達成技術功效的實現過程能充分理解並據以實施。 The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments, so that the application of the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
在說明本發明所揭露之基於電池操作歷程的均充系統及其均充方法之前,先對本發明所自行定義的名詞作說明,本發明所述的操作歷程是指電池芯的使用狀況,包含:充放電次數、放電深度、溫度變化……等與電池芯相關的資 料,由於不同的使用者無論是使用電池組的方式、地點、時間……等皆不盡相同,因此,不同的電池組會有不同的操作歷程,而此操作歷程能夠透過持續偵測及記錄電池芯的狀態來產生。另外,所述電池動態內阻指標是指基於電池芯的內電阻的變化(電池芯的內電阻會隨著電池充放電時電壓的變化而呈現不同的電阻值,如:電池芯在充放電時,其內電阻皆會隨電量的改變而增加)所計算出的數值,以此數值(即電池動態內阻指標)搭配查表的方式能夠獲得對應的電容量,進而生成電池動態內阻電量的分量,稍後將配合圖式對此部分作詳細說明。在實際實施上,所述電池動態內阻指標的計算式可為:「(參考電壓值-閉迴路電壓值)* α/(參考電壓值+β *閉迴路電壓值)」,其中“α”為放大倍率參數,由於參考電壓值減去閉迴路電壓值通常為極小值,故乘上此放大倍率參數以利計算;“β”則是一個與電池芯的種類及電池芯的串接個數有關的參數,在計算過程中會將偵測到的電壓值持續帶入此計算式中的閉迴路電壓值以計算出電池動態內阻指標,在此計算過程中可消去電流因子的影響。 Before describing the battery-based operating system-based equalization system and its equalization method disclosed in the present invention, the terminology defined by the present invention will be described. The operation history of the present invention refers to the use condition of the battery core, and includes: Charge and discharge times, depth of discharge, temperature changes, etc. Since different users use different methods, locations, times, etc., different battery packs have different operating procedures, and this operation history can be continuously detected and recorded. The state of the battery core is generated. In addition, the dynamic internal resistance index of the battery refers to a change in the internal resistance of the battery core (the internal resistance of the battery core exhibits different resistance values as the voltage changes during charging and discharging of the battery, such as: when the battery core is charged and discharged The internal resistance will increase with the change of the electric quantity. The calculated value, the value of the battery dynamic internal resistance index can be matched with the look-up table to obtain the corresponding capacitance, and then generate the dynamic internal resistance of the battery. The component will be described in detail later in conjunction with the schema. In practical implementation, the calculation formula of the dynamic internal resistance index of the battery may be: “(reference voltage value-closed loop voltage value)*α/(reference voltage value+β*closed loop voltage value)”, where “α” For the magnification parameter, since the reference voltage value minus the closed loop voltage value is usually a minimum value, multiply the magnification parameter to facilitate the calculation; "β" is a type of battery cell and the number of cells connected in series. The relevant parameters, in the calculation process will continue to bring the detected voltage value into the closed loop voltage value in this calculation formula to calculate the battery dynamic internal resistance index, in which the influence of the current factor can be eliminated.
以下配合圖式對本發明基於電池操作歷程的均充系統及其均充方法作進一步說明,請參閱「第1圖」,「第1圖」為本發明基於電池操作歷程的均充系統之系統方塊圖,應用在具有多個電池芯11的電池組10中,此系統包含:儲存模組110、感測模組120、微處理單元130、及均充模組140。其中,儲存模組110用以預先儲存各種殘電量估測法,所述殘電量估測法可包含有安培小時法、庫倫計數法、內電阻法及電壓查表法……等習知用以估測電池殘電量的方式,或是包含自行設計的殘電量估測法,如:向量式殘電量估測法,稍後將配合圖式對向量式殘電量估測法作詳細說明。另外,儲存模組110也會預先儲存使用這些殘電量估測法所需要的各種參數與訊息,如:儲存的殘電量估測法為「電壓查表法」時,會同時存有電壓與電量的對應表。在實際實施上,所述 儲存模組110可使用唯讀記憶體(Read-Only Memory,ROM)、電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory,EEPROM)或快閃記憶體(Flash ROM)來實現。 The charging system based on the battery operation history and the method for equalizing the same according to the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings. Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 1 is a system block of the equalization system based on the battery operation history of the present invention. The system is applied to a battery pack 10 having a plurality of battery cells 11. The system includes a storage module 110, a sensing module 120, a micro processing unit 130, and an equalization module 140. The storage module 110 is configured to pre-store various residual power estimation methods, and the residual power estimation method may include an ampere hour method, a coulomb counting method, an internal resistance method, and a voltage look-up table method. The method of estimating the residual capacity of the battery, or including the self-designed residual power estimation method, such as: vector residual power estimation method, will be described later in detail with the vector-based residual power estimation method. In addition, the storage module 110 also pre-stores various parameters and information required for using the residual power estimation method. For example, when the stored residual power estimation method is the “voltage look-up method”, voltage and power are simultaneously stored. Correspondence table. In practical implementation, the The storage module 110 can use a Read-Only Memory (ROM), an Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), or a Flash Memory (Flash ROM). achieve.
感測模組120用以持續感測並記錄每一電池芯11的狀態以產生一組感測參數,此組感測參數可選自電池芯的閉迴路電壓值、閉迴路電流值、放電電流大小、溫度、充放電次數及放電深度所組成的群組。舉例來說,可透過電壓感測器來感測電池芯的閉迴路電壓值;透過電流感測器來感測閉迴路電流值、放電電流大小;透過溫度感測器來感測電池芯的溫度,並且將這些感測到的數值作為感測參數。另外,透過持續感測的方式也可獲得電池芯11的充放電次數、放電深度……等數值,在實際實施上,感測參數可以記錄在電子抹除式可複寫唯讀記憶體或快閃記憶體之中。 The sensing module 120 is configured to continuously sense and record the state of each of the battery cells 11 to generate a set of sensing parameters, and the set of sensing parameters may be selected from a closed loop voltage value of the battery core, a closed loop current value, and a discharge current. A group consisting of size, temperature, number of charge and discharge, and depth of discharge. For example, the voltage sensor can be used to sense the closed loop voltage value of the battery core; the current sense sensor is used to sense the closed loop current value and the discharge current; and the temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of the battery core. And these sensed values are taken as sensing parameters. In addition, the number of times of charge and discharge, the depth of discharge, etc. of the battery cell 11 can also be obtained by continuous sensing. In practical implementation, the sensing parameters can be recorded in an electronic erasable rewritable read-only memory or flash. In memory.
微處理單元130用以分析此組感測參數以生成操作歷程,並且根據此操作歷程從儲存模組110中選擇至少其中一種殘電量估測法,以便計算出每一電池芯11的殘電量。舉例來說,微處理單元130根據感測參數中記錄的溫度分析出電池芯11的工作環境溫差變異大時,會將此分析結果作為操作歷程,接著再根據此操作歷程選擇具有溫度補償功能的殘電量估測法來計算殘電量;微處理單元130從感測參數中的充放電狀態分析出電池芯11已經進行多次充放電時,會將充放電次數作為操作歷程,接著,微處理單元130基於此操作歷程將不再選用安培小時法來計算殘電量,因為安培小時法在充放電次數越多時準確性越低。換句話說,微處理單元130先根據感測模組120產生的感測參數判斷出電池芯11的使用狀況以作為操作歷程,之後再根據此操作歷程選擇合適的殘電量估測法。 The micro processing unit 130 is configured to analyze the set of sensing parameters to generate an operation history, and select at least one of the residual power estimation methods from the storage module 110 according to the operation history to calculate the residual power of each of the battery cells 11. For example, when the micro-processing unit 130 analyzes the temperature difference of the working environment of the battery cell 11 according to the temperature recorded in the sensing parameter, the analysis result is used as an operation history, and then the temperature compensation function is selected according to the operation history. The residual power estimation method is used to calculate the residual power; the micro processing unit 130 analyzes the charge and discharge state in the sensing parameter that the battery core 11 has been charged and discharged multiple times, and the number of times of charging and discharging is taken as an operation history, and then, the micro processing unit 130 Based on this operation, the ampere-hour method will no longer be used to calculate the residual capacity, because the ampere-hour method has lower accuracy when the number of charge and discharge times is higher. In other words, the micro processing unit 130 first determines the usage status of the battery core 11 as the operation history according to the sensing parameters generated by the sensing module 120, and then selects an appropriate residual power estimation method according to the operation history.
均充模組140用以根據微處理單元130計算出的每一電池芯11的殘電量分別調整每一電池芯11的充電電流 及充電時間,使所述電池芯11能夠維持充電平衡。在實際實施上,此均充模組140可使用多個開關元件,如:電晶體,用以組成開關陣列,以便控制各電池芯11的電性連接方式實現主動式平衡或被動式平衡。由於根據殘電量調整充電電流及充電時間為習知技術,故在此不再多作贅述。 The equalization module 140 is configured to separately adjust the charging current of each of the battery cells 11 according to the residual power of each of the battery cells 11 calculated by the micro processing unit 130. And the charging time enables the battery cell 11 to maintain the charge balance. In practical implementation, the equalization module 140 can use a plurality of switching elements, such as a transistor, to form a switch array, so as to control the electrical connection mode of each battery cell 11 to achieve active balance or passive balance. Since the charging current and the charging time are adjusted according to the residual power, the details are not described herein.
特別要說明的是,本系統更可包含權重模組150用以預先儲存對應每一個殘電量估測法的權重值,如:安培小時法對應權重值為“1”、庫倫計數法對應權重值為“10”、內電阻法對應權重值為“5”及電壓查表法對應權重值為“2”。此權重值可由使用者自行設定,例如:依照殘電量估測法的準確性高低來設定其對應的權重值(即準確性越高,則權重值的數值越高)。如此一來,當微處理單元130同時選用多個殘電量估測法時,即可將權重值提供微處理單元130在計算每一電池芯11的殘電量時進行調整之用。舉例來說,假設同時對每一電池芯11以四種殘電量估測法分別計算出殘電量“5Ah”、“6Ah”、“8Ah”及“10Ah”,當權重值分別為“10”、“3”、“2”及“1”時,微處理單元130根據所述權重值進行調整後的殘電量將為“6Ah”,其計算式可為:「(5*10+6*3+8*2+10*1)/(10+3+2+1)」。特別要說明的是,雖然本發明以上述計算式說明權重值的使用方式,然並未以此做限定,任何以權重值來調整計算出的殘電量之方式皆不脫離本發明的應用範疇。 In particular, the system may further include a weight module 150 for pre-storing weight values corresponding to each residual power estimation method, such as: ampere hour method corresponding weight value is "1", coulomb counting method corresponding weight value It is "10", the internal resistance method corresponds to a weight value of "5", and the voltage look-up table corresponds to a weight value of "2". The weight value can be set by the user, for example, according to the accuracy of the residual power estimation method, the corresponding weight value is set (that is, the higher the accuracy, the higher the value of the weight value). In this way, when the micro processing unit 130 selects a plurality of residual power estimation methods at the same time, the weight value can be adjusted by the micro processing unit 130 when calculating the residual power of each of the battery cells 11. For example, it is assumed that the residual power "5Ah", "6Ah", "8Ah", and "10Ah" are respectively calculated for each of the battery cells 11 by four residual power estimation methods, and the weight values are respectively "10", When "3", "2" and "1", the residual power of the micro processing unit 130 adjusted according to the weight value will be "6Ah", and the calculation formula can be: "(5*10+6*3+ 8*2+10*1)/(10+3+2+1)". In particular, although the present invention uses the above calculation formula to explain the use of the weight value, it is not limited thereto, and any manner of adjusting the calculated residual power by the weight value does not deviate from the application scope of the present invention.
接著,請參閱「第2圖」,「第2圖」為本發明基於電池操作歷程的均充方法之方法流程圖,其步驟包括:預先儲存多個殘電量估測法(步驟210);持續感測並記錄每一電池芯11的狀態以產生一組感測參數(步驟220);分析此組感測參數以生成操作歷程,並且根據此操作歷程選擇所述殘電量估測法至少其中之一以計算出每一電池芯11的殘電量(步驟230);根據計算出的每一電池芯11的殘電量分別調整每一電池芯11的充電電流及充電時間,使所述電池芯11維 持充電平衡(步驟240)。透過上述步驟,即可透過感測電池組10中的所有電池芯11的狀態以產生感測參數,並分析感測參數以生成操作歷程,以及根據此操作歷程選擇至少一種殘電量估測法以計算出各電池芯11的殘電量,再根據殘電量分別調整各電池芯11的充電電流及充電時間。 Next, please refer to "Fig. 2", "Fig. 2" is a flowchart of a method for equalizing the battery operation history according to the present invention, the steps of which include: pre-storing a plurality of residual power estimation methods (step 210); Sensing and recording the state of each battery cell 11 to generate a set of sensing parameters (step 220); analyzing the set of sensing parameters to generate an operating history, and selecting at least one of the residual power estimation methods according to the operating history First, the residual power of each of the battery cells 11 is calculated (step 230); the charging current and the charging time of each of the battery cells 11 are respectively adjusted according to the calculated residual power of each of the battery cells 11, so that the battery cells are 11-dimensionally The charge balance is maintained (step 240). Through the above steps, the state of all the battery cells 11 in the battery pack 10 can be sensed to generate sensing parameters, and the sensing parameters are analyzed to generate an operation history, and at least one residual power estimation method is selected according to the operation history. The residual electric power of each of the battery cells 11 is calculated, and the charging current and the charging time of each of the battery cells 11 are adjusted according to the residual electric power.
在實際實施上,在步驟220之前更可預先儲存對應每一殘電量估測法的權重值,用以在計算每一電池芯11的殘電量時,根據所述權重值進行調整(步驟211)。由於根據權重值調整計算出的殘電量之方式已於前述說明中提及,故在此不再多作贅述。 In actual implementation, before step 220, the weight value corresponding to each residual power estimation method may be pre-stored for adjusting the residual power of each battery cell 11 according to the weight value (step 211). . Since the manner of adjusting the calculated residual power according to the weight value has been mentioned in the foregoing description, it will not be repeated here.
以下配合「第3圖」至「第6圖」以實施例的方式進行如下說明,請先參閱「第3圖」,「第3圖」為向量式殘電量估測法生成電池動態內阻電量的分量之示意圖。前面提到,儲存模組110除了儲存習知的殘電量估測法之外,還可儲存使用者自行設計的殘電量估測法,如:向量式殘電量估測法。以向量式殘電量估測法為例,其根據感測模組120持續感測每一電池芯11而得到的感測參數計算出每一電池芯11的電池動態內阻指標,並且以所述電池動態內阻指標查找預設的電量變化查找表,用以生成電池動態內阻電量的分量,接著,同樣根據感測參數以庫倫計數法生成電池庫倫計數電量的分量後,再將該電池動態內阻電量的分量及該電池庫倫計數電量的分量相加合成以計算出每一電池芯11的殘電量。至此,即完成向量式殘電量估測法。如同其他殘電量估測法,此向量式殘電量估測法所需使用到的各種參數及訊息,如:電量變化查找表、參考電壓值、放大倍率參數、電池芯串接個數……等等亦預先儲存在儲存模組110中。 The following is a description of the following examples in conjunction with "3" to "6". Please refer to "3" and "3" to generate the battery dynamic internal resistance for the vector residual power estimation method. Schematic diagram of the components. As mentioned above, in addition to storing the conventional residual power estimation method, the storage module 110 can also store the user-designed residual power estimation method, such as a vector residual power estimation method. Taking the vector residual power estimation method as an example, the battery dynamic internal resistance index of each battery cell 11 is calculated according to the sensing parameters obtained by the sensing module 120 continuously sensing each of the battery cells 11 , and The battery dynamic internal resistance index finds a preset power change lookup table for generating a component of the battery dynamic internal resistance power. Then, according to the sensing parameter, the component of the battery coulomb counting power is generated by the Coulomb counting method, and then the battery dynamic is generated. The component of the internal resistance power and the component of the battery coulomb counting power are added and combined to calculate the residual power of each of the battery cells 11. At this point, the vector residual power estimation method is completed. Like other residual power estimation methods, various parameters and information required for this vector residual power estimation method, such as: power change lookup table, reference voltage value, magnification parameter, battery core serial number, etc. The content is also stored in advance in the storage module 110.
在實際實施上,當微處理單元130根據操作歷程選擇使用向量式殘電量估測法後,將透過前述自行定義的名詞中所提及的電池動態內阻指標計算式計算出電池動態內阻指標,並且以預設的電量變化查找表來查找對應此電池動態 內阻指標的電池動態內阻電量的分量。所述電量變化查找表是指電池不同放電電流大小對應電容量變化的查找表,例如:0.5C、1C、1.5C及2C等放電電流直至電池額定最大放電電流與容量的對照表,所述放電電流大小區間可依實際實驗數據細分為0.25C、0.5C、0.75C……等直至額定最大放電C數或以等差級數建構的電池組放電電流。 In actual implementation, when the micro-processing unit 130 selects the vector-based residual power estimation method according to the operation history, the dynamic internal resistance index of the battery is calculated through the calculation formula of the battery dynamic internal resistance index mentioned in the self-defined noun. And use the preset power change lookup table to find the corresponding battery dynamics The component of the internal resistance of the internal dynamic resistance of the battery. The power change lookup table refers to a look-up table of different discharge current magnitudes corresponding to changes in capacitance of the battery, for example, a discharge current of 0.5C, 1C, 1.5C, and 2C until a rated maximum discharge current and capacity of the battery, the discharge The current size interval can be subdivided into 0.25C, 0.5C, 0.75C, etc. according to the actual experimental data until the rated maximum discharge C number or the battery pack discharge current constructed by the difference series.
為了方便解說,以「第3圖」所示意的線條方式呈現電量變化查找表中的數據(即:在不同放電電流時,從充飽電到電量耗盡的時間區間內,電池動態內阻指標與電容量的對應關係),其中斜線部分為電容量、曲線部分為對應的電池動態內阻指標,在此圖中由左至右分別是在2C、1.5C、1C及0.5C的放電電流時,電池動態內阻指標與電容量的對應關係。前面提到,電池動態內阻指標可透過上述電池動態內阻指標的計算式求得。在實際實施上,以0.5C放電為例,假設計算出的電池動態內阻指標為「第3圖」所示意的a點,那麼會將a點與量測到的放電電流大小(即0.5C放電)相互對應,其根據儲存在儲存模組110內的電量變化查找表來查找放電電流0.5C時電池動態內阻指標b與電容量之對應關係,並將查找到的對應放電容量設為c值後,再透過c/0.5C放電總容量計算出目前使用容量占原始總容量之百分比d,此百分比即為垂直方向的分量(也就是電池動態內阻電量的分量)。至此,即完成透過電量變化查找表生成電池動態內阻電量的分量。 For the convenience of explanation, the data in the power change lookup table is presented in the line mode indicated by "Fig. 3" (ie, the dynamic internal resistance index of the battery is in the time interval from full charge to depletion at different discharge currents). Corresponding relationship with capacitance), where the oblique line part is the capacitance and the curve part is the corresponding battery dynamic internal resistance index. In this figure, from left to right are the discharge currents of 2C, 1.5C, 1C and 0.5C respectively. The correspondence between the dynamic internal resistance index of the battery and the capacitance. As mentioned above, the battery dynamic internal resistance index can be obtained by calculating the dynamic internal resistance index of the above battery. In practical implementation, taking 0.5C discharge as an example, assuming that the calculated dynamic internal resistance index of the battery is the point a shown in “Fig. 3”, then the point a and the measured discharge current (ie 0.5C). The discharges correspond to each other, and according to the power change lookup table stored in the storage module 110, the correspondence between the dynamic internal resistance index b and the capacitance of the battery when the discharge current is 0.5 C is found, and the corresponding discharge capacity found is set to c. After the value, the current used capacity is calculated as the percentage d of the original total capacity through the total capacity of the c/0.5C discharge, and the percentage is the component of the vertical direction (that is, the component of the dynamic internal resistance of the battery). At this point, the component that generates the dynamic internal resistance of the battery through the power change lookup table is completed.
特別要說明的是,雖然在「第3圖」所示意的電量變化查找表中僅記錄四組電池動態內阻指標與電容量的對應關係,然而,本發明並未以此作限定,在實際實施上,電量變化查找表亦可儲存更多組在不同放電電流時,如:1.3C、1.4C……等等,其電池動態內阻指標與電容量的對應關係。另外,在實際實施上,透過設定“α”及“β”參數可將電池動態內阻指標控制在“0至100”的範圍內,以便與「第3 圖」的縱軸相互對應。 In particular, although only the correspondence between the dynamic resistance index and the capacitance of the four groups of batteries is recorded in the power change lookup table shown in "Fig. 3", the present invention is not limited thereto. In practice, the power change lookup table can also store more groups of different discharge currents, such as: 1.3C, 1.4C, etc., the correspondence between the battery dynamic internal resistance index and the capacitance. In addition, in actual implementation, the battery dynamic internal resistance index can be controlled within the range of “0 to 100” by setting the “α” and “β” parameters, so as to be the third The vertical axes of the figures correspond to each other.
如「第4A圖」及「第4B圖」所示意,「第4A圖」及「第4B圖」為向量式殘電量估測法以前後之放電C數進行加權處理之示意圖。前面提到,儲存模組110會預先儲存電量變化查找表,此電量變化查找表記錄有不同放電C數大小時電池動態內阻指標與電容量之對應關係,然而,當此電量變化查找表中不存在對應的放電C數大小之對應關係時,可根據電量變化查找表中前後之放電C數來進行加權處理,舉例來說,假設計算出的電池動態內阻指標為“65”(如:「第4A圖」所示意的e點),當偵測到的放電C數大小為1.2C時,因為電量變化查找表中不存在1.2C時電池動態內阻指標與電容量之對應關係,所以會計算1.2C與前後放電C數的距離,也就是將電池動態內阻指標“65”對應到1C的f點以及對應到1.5C的f’點,並且分別查找出對應的放電容量g點及g’點。 For example, "4A" and "4B", "4A" and "4B" are schematic diagrams of weighting the number of discharge Cs before and after the vector residual power estimation method. As mentioned above, the storage module 110 pre-stores a power change lookup table, and the power change lookup table records the correspondence between the dynamic internal resistance index and the capacitance of the battery with different discharge C numbers. However, when the power change is found in the lookup table, When there is no corresponding correspondence between the number of discharge C numbers, the weighting process may be performed according to the number of discharge Cs in the power change lookup table. For example, it is assumed that the calculated dynamic internal resistance index of the battery is “65” (eg: "point e shown in Figure 4A", when the detected number of discharge C is 1.2C, the corresponding relationship between the dynamic internal resistance index and the capacitance of 1.2C does not exist in the power change lookup table. Will calculate the distance between 1.2C and the number of C before and after discharge, that is, the battery dynamic internal resistance index "65" corresponds to the f point of 1C and the f' point corresponding to 1.5C, and find the corresponding discharge capacity g point and g' point.
接著,如「第4B圖」所示意,1.2C放電容量i點與1C放電容量g點的距離為0.2;1.2C放電容量i點與1.5C放電容量g’點的距離為0.3,兩者的比值為2:3,所以其容量百分比為:「(3*電池動態內阻指標“65”及1C放電時所查找之容量+2*電池動態內阻指標“65”及1.5C放電時所查找之容量)/(2+3)」,即求得電池動態內阻指標“65”及1.2C放電時所對應之容量百分比h點,此百分比即為垂直方向的分量(即電池動態內阻電量的分量)。因此,透過上述方式即可在電量變化查找表中不存在對應的放電C數大小之對應關係時,以加權方式推導出相應的電池動態內阻電量的分量。 Next, as shown in "Fig. 4B", the distance between the 1.2C discharge capacity i point and the 1C discharge capacity g point is 0.2; the distance between the 1.2C discharge capacity i point and the 1.5C discharge capacity g' point is 0.3, both of which are The ratio is 2:3, so the percentage of capacity is: "(3* battery dynamic internal resistance index "65" and the capacity found when 1C discharge + 2 * battery dynamic internal resistance index "65" and 1.5C discharge The capacity) / (2+3)", that is, the battery dynamic internal resistance index "65" and the corresponding capacity percentage h point when discharging 1.2C, this percentage is the vertical component (ie, the battery dynamic internal resistance Component). Therefore, when the corresponding relationship between the magnitudes of the discharge C numbers does not exist in the power change lookup table by the above method, the corresponding component of the dynamic internal resistance of the battery is derived by weighting.
接下來,請參閱「第5圖」,「第5圖」為向量式殘電量估測法定義電池殘電量的百分比之示意圖。其中,橫軸為電池庫倫計數所對應到的電量百分比,其計算方式可透過計算式:「」,其中“Q 0”是透過電量變化查找表所計算出的放電前“t 0”之初始電量,放電時電流“i
”為負,則時間“t”計算出來的“Q(t)”除以全充電容量“Q Full ”會得到容量百分比“j”,則“j”點可作為水平方向的分量(即:電池庫倫計數電量的分量)。由於庫倫計數法以及分量的轉換運算為習知技術,故在此不再多作贅述。至於縱軸則為電池動態內阻指標所對應到的電量百分比,在「第5圖」中,根據電池額定最大可放電電流及電容量之間的關係,找出k點座標(γ,100)(由於庫倫計數法會因電池產生熱量而與實際消耗能量間有所誤差,所以實際上平行方向無法達到“100”的位置,而電池動態內阻指標則利用電壓差,所以一定會到達參考電壓減去最低截止電壓的位置,所以垂直方向可達到“100”的位置),並利用k點座標對軌跡直線L線進行投影,以“”在“”的正射影“”為例,其計算公式如下:
並得到q點座標(λ,μ)。將q點(λ,μ)與原點o(0,0)所形成之“”段劃分成n等分(n為正整數,可依照實際需求及要求之精確度進行切分),以「第5圖」為例,n為數值“100”,即“100”等分,也就是殘量估測表示100%~0%,精度誤差為1%,每一等分所表示的就是電池殘電量所表示之數值。 And get the q point coordinates (λ, μ). The q point (λ, μ) and the origin o (0, 0) formed by " "The segment is divided into n equal parts (n is a positive integer, which can be segmented according to the actual needs and the accuracy of the requirements). Take "figure 5" as an example. n is the value "100", that is, "100". That is, the residual estimate is 100%~0%, and the accuracy error is 1%. Each aliquot represents the value represented by the battery residual capacity.
請參閱「第6圖」,「第6圖」為向量式殘電量估測法計算電池殘電量的百分比之示意圖。假設在時間t求得電池動態內阻指標所計算出之電量百分比“”(即電池動態內阻電量的分量)及利用庫倫計數法所計算出之電量百分比“”(即電池庫倫計數電量的分量),根據這兩個分量所定出的向量“”對軌跡直線k線進行投影可得到“”,接著與電池最大可顯示容量“”點進行比對,其電池殘電量的百分比之計算式如下:
透過上述計算式即可求出時間t時之電量殘電量百分比。如此一來,即可有別於以往僅計算其中一軸的方式,同時對縱軸(垂直方向)及橫軸(水平方向)進行修正而得到實際可用的每一電池芯11的殘電量。換句話說,將電池動態內阻電量的分量“”及電池庫倫計數電量的分量“”進行相加合成以計算出電池芯11實際可用的殘電量,其計算式可表示為:“”,由於向量的計算方式為習知技術,故在此不再多作說明。藉由上述向量式殘電量估測法計算出實際可用的殘電量後,均充模組140即可根據每個電池芯11實際可用的殘電量進行充電平衡的控制。 Through the above calculation formula, the percentage of the amount of residual electric power at time t can be obtained. In this way, unlike the conventional method of calculating only one of the axes, the vertical axis (vertical direction) and the horizontal axis (horizontal direction) are corrected to obtain the residual power of each of the battery cells 11 that is actually available. In other words, the component of the battery's dynamic internal resistance is " "And the battery coulomb counts the amount of electricity" "Additional synthesis is performed to calculate the residual power actually available to the battery cell 11, and the calculation formula can be expressed as:" Since the calculation method of the vector is a conventional technique, it will not be described here. After the vector residual power estimation method is used to calculate the actual available residual power, the equalization module 140 can be used according to each. The residual power actually used by the battery cell 11 controls the charge balance.
綜上所述,可知本發明與先前技術之間的差異在於透過感測電池組中的所有電池芯的狀態以產生感測參數,並分析感測參數以生成操作歷程,以及根據此操作歷程選擇至少一種殘電量估測法以計算出各電池芯的殘電量,再根據殘電量分別調整各電池芯的充電電流及充電時間,藉由此一技術手段可以解決先前技術所存在的問題,進而達成提高電池的均充效率之技術功效。 In summary, it can be seen that the difference between the present invention and the prior art is that by sensing the state of all the cells in the battery pack to generate sensing parameters, and analyzing the sensing parameters to generate an operation history, and selecting according to the operation history. At least one residual power estimation method is used to calculate the residual power of each battery cell, and then adjust the charging current and charging time of each battery core according to the residual power, and the technical problem can be solved by the prior art, thereby achieving The technical effect of improving the charging efficiency of the battery.
雖然本發明以前述之實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明,任何熟習相像技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,當可作些許之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之專利保護範圍須視本說明書所附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 While the present invention has been described above in the foregoing embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention, and the invention may be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of patent protection shall be subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached to this specification.
10‧‧‧電池組 10‧‧‧Battery Pack
11‧‧‧電池芯 11‧‧‧ battery core
110‧‧‧儲存模組 110‧‧‧Storage module
120‧‧‧感測模組 120‧‧‧Sensor module
130‧‧‧微處理單元 130‧‧‧Microprocessing unit
140‧‧‧均充模組 140‧‧‧ Equalization Module
150‧‧‧權重模組 150‧‧‧weight module
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Cited By (3)
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TWI617112B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-03-01 | Ship And Ocean Industries R&D Center | Control method for battery management system |
TWI642959B (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2018-12-01 | 力智電子股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for measuring electric quantity of battery |
CN110518299A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-11-29 | 连恩微电子有限公司 | Battery management system |
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TWI642959B (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2018-12-01 | 力智電子股份有限公司 | Method and apparatus for measuring electric quantity of battery |
TWI617112B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2018-03-01 | Ship And Ocean Industries R&D Center | Control method for battery management system |
CN110518299A (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2019-11-29 | 连恩微电子有限公司 | Battery management system |
CN110518299B (en) * | 2019-06-17 | 2022-12-09 | 连恩微电子有限公司 | Battery management system |
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