TW201439124A - Method for extracting seaweed polysaccharide - Google Patents
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本案係關於一種海藻多醣萃取方法，尤指一種簡易且快速的海藻多醣萃取方法。This case relates to a method for extracting seaweed polysaccharides, especially a simple and rapid method for extracting seaweed polysaccharides.
海藻是一群能行光合作用且構造非常簡單的藻類，可廣泛用作蔬菜、飼料及肥料。再者，海藻富含營養成分和功能性成分，從海藻提煉出來的藻膠或海藻多醣具有特殊乳化性、凝膠性和藥用價值，因而逐漸應用於工業和醫藥產業中。Seaweed is a group of algae that can be used for photosynthesis and has a very simple structure. It can be widely used as vegetables, feed and fertilizer. Furthermore, seaweed is rich in nutrients and functional ingredients, and algin or seaweed polysaccharide extracted from seaweed has special emulsifying properties, gelation and medicinal value, and is gradually used in industrial and pharmaceutical industries.
一般而言，藻類主要可分為綠藻、褐藻、紅藻及藍藻等四類。許多研究顯示從海藻中萃取的海藻多醣能有效地抑制病毒、降低膽固醇、降血糖及降血脂等效果。舉例來說，褐藻糖膠(Fucoidan)是一種存在於所有褐藻中的細胞間多醣。近年來的研究發現，褐藻糖膠具有抗氧化、抗凝血、抗腫瘤、抗病毒、抑制補體激活、抑制精卵结合、降血脂及吸收重金屬等功能，為一種重要的機能性保健素材。因此，如何從海藻中萃取出褐藻糖膠為一重要課題。In general, algae can be mainly divided into four categories: green algae, brown algae, red algae and cyanobacteria. Many studies have shown that seaweed polysaccharide extracted from seaweed can effectively inhibit the virus, lower cholesterol, lower blood sugar and lower blood fat. For example, Fucoidan is an intercellular polysaccharide found in all brown algae. Recent studies have found that fucoidan has anti-oxidation, anti-clotting, anti-tumor, anti-virus, inhibition of complement activation, inhibition of sperm-egg binding, blood lipid lowering and absorption of heavy metals, and is an important functional health care material. Therefore, how to extract fucoidan from seaweed is an important issue.
一種習知的褐藻糖膠萃取方法為先將新鮮海藻依次用乙醇、丙酮和氯仿進行預處理，接著將樣品經脫脂、脫鹽和乾燥後得乾粉，再以熱水萃取得到粗萃物，最後將粗萃物進一步純化可得褐藻糖膠。此方法所製備的褐藻糖膠的萃取率為乾粉重量的6.5%。A conventional method for extracting fucoidan is to first pretreat fresh seaweed with ethanol, acetone and chloroform, then degrease, desalinate and dry the sample to obtain a dry powder, and then extract the crude extract with hot water, and finally The crude extract is further purified to obtain fucoidan gum. The extraction rate of the fucoidan prepared by this method was 6.5% by weight of the dry powder.
另一種習知的褐藻糖膠萃取方法將藻體切成小片，浸在甲醛中，再以熱水萃取得到粗萃物，最後將粗萃物進一步純化可得褐藻糖膠。Another conventional fucoidan extraction method cuts the algae into small pieces, immersed in formaldehyde, and extracts with hot water to obtain a crude extract. Finally, the crude extract is further purified to obtain fucoidan.
又一種習知的褐藻糖膠萃取方法將藻粉用甲醇預處理後，以鹽酸萃取預處理物，離心後取沉澱物再次萃取，合併上清液，用氫氧化鈉中和，真空蒸發至乾後溶於0.5 公升水而製備為粗萃物，最後將粗萃物進一步純化可得褐藻糖膠。此方法所製備的褐藻糖膠的萃取率為乾粉重量的27.2%。Another conventional method for extracting fucoidan extracts the algal powder with methanol, extracting the pretreatment with hydrochloric acid, extracting the precipitate after centrifugation, extracting the supernatant, neutralizing with sodium hydroxide, and evaporating to dryness in vacuo. It is then dissolved in 0.5 liters of water to prepare a crude extract, and finally the crude extract is further purified to obtain fucoidan. The extraction rate of the fucoidan prepared by this method was 27.2% by weight of the dry powder.
從以上說明可知，習知的褐藻糖膠萃取方法主要經過有機溶劑預處理、加熱煮沸、加酸萃取及加鹼中和等繁瑣步驟。由於這些萃取方法使用大量有機溶劑，無法符合環境保護之效益。再者，這些萃取方法之萃取效率低，且製品有藻腥味殘留重等缺點。As can be seen from the above description, the conventional fucoidan extraction method mainly involves a cumbersome step of pretreatment with an organic solvent, heating and boiling, acid extraction, and alkali neutralization. Since these extraction methods use a large amount of organic solvents, they cannot meet the benefits of environmental protection. Moreover, the extraction efficiency of these extraction methods is low, and the product has the disadvantages such as residual weight of algal flavor.
因此，如何發展一種可改善上述習知技術缺失，實為相關技術領域者目前所迫切需要解決之問題。Therefore, how to develop a problem that can improve the above-mentioned conventional technology is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the related art.
本案之目的在於提供一種簡易且快速的海藻多醣萃取方法，俾以減低有機溶劑使用量之方法且可以製備高萃取率之海藻多醣。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a simple and rapid method for extracting seaweed polysaccharides, which can reduce the amount of organic solvent used and prepare a high extraction rate of seaweed polysaccharide.
為達上述目的，本案之一較廣義實施態樣為提供一種海藻多醣萃取方法，係包含以下步驟：(a)提供海藻原料；(b)進行高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序，使海藻原料成為膨發性海藻樣品；以及(c)以熱水萃取膨發性海藻樣品，製得海藻多醣粗萃物。In order to achieve the above purpose, one of the broader aspects of the present invention provides a method for extracting seaweed polysaccharides, which comprises the steps of: (a) providing seaweed raw materials; (b) performing high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief treatment procedures to make seaweed raw materials become a sample of the swollen seaweed; and (c) extracting the sample of the swollen seaweed with hot water to obtain a crude extract of the seaweed polysaccharide.
為達上述目的，本案之另一較廣義實施態樣又提供一種海藻多醣萃取方法，係包含以下步驟：(a)提供海藻原料；(b)進行高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序，使海藻原料成為膨發性海藻樣品，其中高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序係以溫度140~250℃加熱處理海藻原料達4~10秒，使得膨發性海藻樣品相對於海藻原料的徑向膨發率為1.5~4；以及(c)以熱水萃取膨發性海藻樣品，製得海藻多醣粗萃物。In order to achieve the above object, another broad aspect of the present invention provides a method for extracting seaweed polysaccharide, which comprises the steps of: (a) providing seaweed raw materials; (b) performing high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief treatment procedures to make seaweed raw materials It becomes a sample of swollen seaweed, in which the high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief treatment process heats the seaweed raw material at a temperature of 140~250 °C for 4~10 seconds, so that the radial swelling rate of the swollen seaweed sample relative to the seaweed raw material is 1.5~4; and (c) extracting the sample of the swollen seaweed with hot water to obtain a crude extract of seaweed polysaccharide.
11．．．細胞質11. . . Cytoplasm
12．．．細胞膜12. . . Cell membrane
13．．．細胞壁13. . . Cell wall
S1~S5．．．本案海藻多醣萃取方法的步驟S1~S5. . . The steps of the seaweed polysaccharide extraction method in this case
第1圖係為本案較佳實施例之海藻多醣萃取方法之流程圖。Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method for extracting seaweed polysaccharides of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
第2A圖顯示未經爆餅機處理之龍鬚菜原料的顯微照相示意圖。Figure 2A shows a photomicrograph of the raw material of Asparagus officinalis processed without a blasting machine.
第2B圖顯示經爆餅機處理後製得之膨發性龍鬚菜的顯微照相示意圖。
Figure 2B shows a photomicrograph of the hairy asparagus prepared by the blasting machine.
體現本案特徵與優點的一些典型實施例將在後段的說明中詳細敘述。應理解的是本案能夠在不同的態樣上具有各種的變化，其皆不脫離本案的範圍，且其中的說明及圖示在本質上係當作說明之用，而非架構於限制本案。Some exemplary embodiments embodying the features and advantages of the present invention are described in detail in the following description. It is to be understood that the present invention is capable of various modifications in various aspects, and is not to be construed as a limitation.
請參閱第1圖，其係為本案較佳實施例之海藻多醣萃取方法之流程圖。如第1圖所示，本案之海藻多醣萃取方法包括以下步驟，其實驗流程說明如下。Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a flow chart of a method for extracting seaweed polysaccharides according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 1, the seaweed polysaccharide extraction method of the present invention includes the following steps, and the experimental procedure thereof is as follows.
首先進行步驟S1，提供適量之海藻原料。適用於本案之海藻原料可為綠藻、褐藻、紅藻及藍藻，較佳為褐藻(例如馬尾藻)及紅藻(例如龍鬚菜)。First, step S1 is performed to provide an appropriate amount of seaweed raw material. The seaweed raw materials suitable for use in the present case may be green algae, brown algae, red algae and cyanobacteria, preferably brown algae (such as Sargassum) and red algae (such as asparagus).
接著，進行步驟S2，以清水洗淨海藻原料，並以35~50℃乾燥海藻原料約2~24小時，使得海藻原料之水含量約為5~10%。當然，本步驟之操作條件可依實際需要調整。Next, the step S2 is performed, the seaweed raw material is washed with water, and the seaweed raw material is dried at 35 to 50 ° C for about 2 to 24 hours, so that the water content of the seaweed raw material is about 5 to 10%. Of course, the operating conditions of this step can be adjusted according to actual needs.
接著，進行步驟S3，利用高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序使海藻原料成為膨發性海藻樣品。亦即，首先將海藻原料置於一密閉容器中，利用高溫高壓使海藻原料呈現部分融熔狀，再使該密閉容器瞬間洩壓，俾利用密閉容器內部壓力與外界壓力所產生的壓力差讓融熔狀海藻原料膨脹且脫去水分，達到膨發效果。此步驟的目的主要是為了將海藻原料的結構初步裂解並破壞其細胞壁的完整性，以便使海藻多醣與細胞壁間的作用力減低，以利在後續步驟更容易溶出海藻多醣。Next, in step S3, the seaweed material is made into a swollen seaweed sample by a high temperature and high pressure and an instantaneous pressure relief process. That is to say, the seaweed raw material is first placed in a closed container, and the seaweed raw material is partially melted by high temperature and high pressure, and then the sealed container is instantly relieved of pressure, and the pressure difference between the internal pressure of the closed container and the external pressure is used. The molten seaweed material expands and removes moisture to achieve a swelling effect. The purpose of this step is mainly to preliminarily cleave the structure of the seaweed raw material and destroy the integrity of its cell wall, so as to reduce the interaction between the seaweed polysaccharide and the cell wall, so that the seaweed polysaccharide can be more easily dissolved in the subsequent step.
上述高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序可透過爆餅機、膨發槍、擠壓機或任何類似的裝置完成。爆餅機為台灣夜市或是觀光地區常見的一種爆米餅或爆蝦餅用的機器，其作用方法與以前的爆米香用的膨發槍原理相同，但是更為快速有效，且能連續式生產。關於爆餅機及膨發槍的構成及作動程序已廣泛使用於業界，屬於習知技術，故不予贅述。擠壓機是一種是集合物料輸送、壓縮、混合、搓揉、剪切、加熱、殺菌、組織化、成形、膨發等功能之機器，將物料經過高溫高壓短時間作用後，通過模孔，因為水分與壓力的改變造成水蒸氣快速散失，使融熔狀的物料快速膨大，因此稱之為膨發。關於擠壓機的構成及作動程序已廣泛使用於業界，屬於習知技術，故不予贅述。The above high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief treatment procedures can be accomplished by a blasting machine, a swell gun, an extruder or any similar device. The blasting machine is a kind of machine for popcorn cake or prawn cake which is common in Taiwan night market or sightseeing area. Its function is the same as that of the previous blasting blasting gun, but it is more efficient and continuous. produce. The composition and actuation procedures of the blasting machine and the swell gun have been widely used in the industry and are well-known techniques and will not be described. The extruder is a kind of machine that aggregates materials conveying, compression, mixing, smashing, shearing, heating, sterilizing, organizing, forming, bulging and the like. After passing through the high temperature and high pressure for a short time, the material passes through the die hole. Because the change of water and pressure causes the water vapor to quickly dissipate, and the molten material expands rapidly, it is called swelling. The composition and actuation procedures of the extruder have been widely used in the industry and are well-known techniques, and therefore will not be described.
以爆餅機進行上述高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序為例，當海藻原料置於爆餅機後，以溫度140~250℃，較佳為180~230℃加熱處理4~10秒，可使海藻原料呈現部分融熔狀，接著使海藻原料瞬間脫離爆餅機，藉由瞬間洩壓作用，使海藻原料成為蓬鬆狀。此時，可將此蓬鬆狀的海藻原料稱為膨發性海藻樣品。經過上述高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序之後，膨發性海藻樣品相對於海藻原料的徑向膨發率可達1.5~4，較佳為2~3。Taking the above-mentioned high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief process as an example, when the seaweed raw material is placed in the blasting machine, it is heated at a temperature of 140 to 250 ° C, preferably 180 to 230 ° C for 4 to 10 seconds. The seaweed raw material is partially melted, and then the seaweed raw material is instantaneously separated from the blasting machine, and the seaweed raw material is made into a fluffy shape by instantaneous pressure relief. At this time, the fluffy seaweed material can be referred to as a swollen seaweed sample. After the above high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief treatment procedure, the radial swelling rate of the swollen seaweed sample relative to the seaweed raw material can reach 1.5 to 4, preferably 2 to 3.
接著，進行步驟S4，以熱水萃取膨發性海藻樣品達一段特定時間，離心後，取上清液，可得海藻多醣粗萃物。根據一實施例，熱水溫度為70~100℃，膨發性海藻樣品與熱水的比例為1:5~1:20，萃取時間為1~5小時。當然，本步驟之操作條件可依實際需要調整。Next, in step S4, the sample of the swollen seaweed is extracted with hot water for a specific period of time, and after centrifugation, the supernatant is taken to obtain a crude extract of seaweed polysaccharide. According to an embodiment, the hot water temperature is 70 to 100 ° C, the ratio of the detonated seaweed sample to the hot water is 1:5 to 1:20, and the extraction time is 1 to 5 hours. Of course, the operating conditions of this step can be adjusted according to actual needs.
接著，進行步驟S5，將海藻多醣粗萃物進一步純化為海藻多醣產物。根據一實施例，加入三倍體積量之95%酒精使海藻多醣粗萃物沈澱，離心，取沈澱物再經低溫乾燥(例如40~50℃)乾燥1小時後可得海藻多醣產物。當然，本步驟之操作條件可依實際需要調整。Next, in step S5, the crude extract of seaweed polysaccharide is further purified into a seaweed polysaccharide product. According to one embodiment, three times the volume of 95% alcohol is added to precipitate the crude extract of the seaweed polysaccharide, and the mixture is centrifuged, and the precipitate is dried by low temperature drying (for example, 40 to 50 ° C) for 1 hour to obtain a seaweed polysaccharide product. Of course, the operating conditions of this step can be adjusted according to actual needs.
以下再以實施例具體說明本發明，此等實施例僅為例示說明之用，並非用以限制本發明。The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.
實施例一 利用熱水從經膨發之龍鬚菜萃取海藻多醣及海藻多醣之特性分析Example 1 Analysis of the Characteristics of Seaweed Polysaccharide and Seaweed Polysaccharide Extracted from Long-Flowed Asparagus by Using Hot Water
取適量的龍鬚菜原料，以清水洗淨並去除雜物，以40℃、乾燥16小時，此時水分含量約為6.47%。以爆餅機處理，爆餅機的處理溫度分別為220℃及230℃，處理時間為10秒，爆餅機處理後製得膨發性龍鬚菜，其水分含量為4.23%。接著進行膨發率分析、藻腥味官能品評及顯微鏡分析。Take appropriate amount of asparagus raw materials, wash with water and remove impurities, and dry at 40 ° C for 16 hours, at this time the moisture content is about 6.47%. Treated by a blasting machine, the processing temperature of the blasting machine was 220 ° C and 230 ° C, and the treatment time was 10 seconds. After the blasting machine was processed, the swelled asparagus was prepared, and its moisture content was 4.23%. Next, the swelling rate analysis, algae taste functional evaluation and microscopic analysis were performed.
經測量30個膨發性龍鬚菜後，可得其相對於龍鬚菜原料之徑向膨發率之平均值約為2.39倍。另外，由藻腥味官能品評分析可發現膨發性龍鬚菜之殘留藻腥味低。第2A圖顯示未經爆餅機處理之龍鬚菜原料的顯微照相示意圖。第2B圖顯示經爆餅機處理後製得之膨發性龍鬚菜的顯微照相示意圖。從第2A圖發現，未經爆餅機處理之龍鬚菜原料具有完整的細胞結構，可清楚區分出細胞質11、細胞膜12和細胞壁13，推測細胞壁13內具有海藻多醣。從第2B圖發現，經爆餅機處理後製得之膨發性龍鬚菜之藻細胞及細胞壁結構發生改變，無法看到完整的細胞結構，因此，從第2A圖及第2B圖之結果發現，透過爆餅機所進行之高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序使得海藻多醣脫離細胞壁的比例增加。After measuring 30 swelled asparagus, the average radial expansion rate relative to the asparagus raw material was about 2.39 times. In addition, it was found that the residual algae smell of the swelled asparagus was low by the analysis of the algal odor functional. Figure 2A shows a photomicrograph of the raw material of Asparagus officinalis processed without a blasting machine. Figure 2B shows a photomicrograph of the hairy asparagus prepared by the blasting machine. From Fig. 2A, it was found that the asparagus raw material which was not treated by the blasting machine had a complete cell structure, and the cytoplasm 11, the cell membrane 12 and the cell wall 13 were clearly distinguished, and it was presumed that the cell wall 13 had seaweed polysaccharide. From Fig. 2B, it was found that the algae cell and cell wall structure of the swelled asparagus, which was obtained after treatment by the blasting machine, changed, and the complete cell structure could not be seen. Therefore, the results from Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B It was found that the high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief treatment procedures carried out by the blasting machine increased the proportion of seaweed polysaccharides from the cell wall.
接著，取適量膨發性龍鬚菜，以85℃熱水(樣品重與熱水的比例= 1:10)萃取3小時，離心後，取上清液，再以3倍體積量95%酒精沈澱，離心，取沈澱物，再經40~50℃乾燥1小時後可得海藻多醣。Then, take appropriate amount of swelled asparagus, extract with water at 85 ° C (sample weight to hot water ratio = 1:10) for 3 hours, after centrifugation, take the supernatant, then 3 times the volume of 95% alcohol The precipitate is precipitated, centrifuged, and the precipitate is taken, and then dried at 40 to 50 ° C for 1 hour to obtain seaweed polysaccharide.
接著，秤重定量海藻多醣，再以10~20毫升的水復溶後可進行多醣含量分析、薄層層析法(TLC)分析及DPPH自由基清除率分析。薄層層析法可檢測到海藻多醣存在。經計算後，220℃爆餅後之多醣的萃取量為乾粉重量的58.2%。另外，220℃爆餅後之DPPH自由基清除率為53%。Next, the seaweed polysaccharide was weighed and quantified, and then reconstituted with 10-20 ml of water to carry out polysaccharide content analysis, thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis and DPPH free radical scavenging analysis. Thin layer chromatography can detect the presence of seaweed polysaccharides. After calculation, the extraction amount of the polysaccharide after the 220 ° C burst cake was 58.2% of the dry powder weight. In addition, the DPPH radical scavenging rate after the 220 ° C burst cake was 53%.
比較例一 利用熱水從未經膨發之龍鬚菜萃取海藻多醣及海藻多醣之特性分析Comparative Example 1 Analysis of the characteristics of seaweed polysaccharide and seaweed polysaccharide extracted from non-expanded Asparagus officinalis by using hot water
取適量的龍鬚菜原料，以清水洗淨並去除雜物，以40℃、乾燥16小時，以85℃熱水(樣品重與熱水的比例= 1:10)萃取3小時，離心後，取上清液，再以3倍體積量95%酒精沈澱，離心，取沈澱物，再經40~50℃乾燥1小時後可得海藻多醣。Take appropriate amount of asparagus raw materials, wash with water and remove impurities, dry at 40 ° C for 16 hours, extract with 85 ° C hot water (sample weight to hot water ratio = 1:10) for 3 hours, after centrifugation, The supernatant was taken, and then precipitated with 3 times volume of 95% alcohol, centrifuged, and the precipitate was taken, and dried at 40 to 50 ° C for 1 hour to obtain seaweed polysaccharide.
接著，秤重定量海藻多醣，再以10~20毫升的水復溶後可進行多醣含量分析、薄層層析法分析及DPPH自由基清除率分析。薄層層析法分析可檢測到少許海藻多醣存在。經計算後發現，利用熱水可從未經爆餅機處理之龍鬚菜原料得到之多醣萃取量為乾粉重量的45.7%，DPPH自由基清除率為35%。Next, the seaweed polysaccharide was weighed and quantified, and then reconstituted with 10-20 ml of water to carry out polysaccharide content analysis, thin layer chromatography analysis and DPPH free radical scavenging analysis. Thin layer chromatography analysis can detect the presence of a little seaweed polysaccharide. After calculation, it was found that the amount of polysaccharide extracted from the asparagus raw material which was not treated by the blasting machine was 45.7% of the dry powder weight and the DPPH radical scavenging rate was 35%.
實施例二 利用熱水從經膨發之馬尾藻萃取海藻多醣及海藻多醣之特性分析Example 2 Analysis of the characteristics of seaweed polysaccharide and seaweed polysaccharide extracted from the swelled Sargasso using hot water
除了以馬尾藻原料替代龍鬚菜外，其餘採用與實施例一相同之方法，以相同的爆餅機條件處理馬尾藻，可製得膨發性馬尾藻。經測量30個膨發性馬尾藻後，可得其相對於馬尾藻原料之徑向膨發率之平均值約為1.6倍。另外，由藻腥味官能品評分析可發現膨發性馬尾藻之殘留藻腥味相當低。另外，從顯微照相(未顯示)亦發現，未經爆餅機處理之馬尾藻具有完整的細胞結構，經爆餅機處理後製得之膨發性馬尾藻之藻細胞及細胞壁結構發生改變，無法看到完整的細胞結構，因此，透過爆餅機所進行之高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序使得海藻多醣脫離細胞壁的比例增加。Except for the alfalfa raw material instead of the asparagus, the same method as in the first embodiment was used to treat the S. cerevisiae under the same blasting machine condition, and the swelled Sargasso was prepared. After measuring 30 swelled Sargasso, the average radial expansion rate relative to the Sargasso raw material was about 1.6 times. In addition, it was found from the analysis of the algal taste functional evaluation that the residual algae smell of the swollen S. cerevisiae was rather low. In addition, it was also found from photomicrography (not shown) that the S. cerevisiae treated by the blasting machine had a complete cell structure, and the algae cells and cell wall structure of the swelled Sargasso algae produced by the blasting machine were changed. The complete cell structure cannot be seen. Therefore, the high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief treatment procedures performed by the blasting machine increase the proportion of seaweed polysaccharides from the cell wall.
接著，利用與實施例一相同的方法萃取膨發性馬尾藻，可得海藻多醣。薄層層析法可檢測到褐藻糖膠存在。經計算後，220℃爆餅後之多醣的萃取量為乾粉重量的20.57%，230℃爆餅後之多醣的萃取量為乾粉重量的21.9%。另外，220℃爆餅後之DPPH自由基清除率為25%，230℃爆餅後之DPPH自由基清除率為44%。Next, the S. cerevisiae was extracted by the same method as in Example 1, and a seaweed polysaccharide was obtained. Thin layer chromatography can detect the presence of fucoidan. After calculation, the extraction amount of the polysaccharide after the 220 ° C burst cake was 20.57% of the dry powder weight, and the extraction amount of the polysaccharide after the 230 ° C burst cake was 21.9% of the dry powder weight. In addition, the DPPH radical scavenging rate after the 220 ° C burst cake was 25%, and the DPPH radical scavenging rate after the burst cake at 230 ° C was 44%.
比較例二 利用熱水從未經膨發之馬尾藻萃取海藻多醣及海藻多醣之特性分析Comparative Example 2 Analysis of the characteristics of seaweed polysaccharide and seaweed polysaccharide extracted from non-expanded Sargasso using hot water
除了以馬尾藻原料替代龍鬚菜外，其餘採用與比較例一相同之方法，利用熱水從未經膨發之馬尾藻萃取海藻多醣。薄層層析法可檢測到少許褐藻糖膠存在。經計算後發現，利用熱水可從未經爆餅機處理之馬尾藻原料得到之多醣萃取量為乾粉重量的 7.14%，DPPH自由基清除率為11%。The algae polysaccharide was extracted from the unexpanded Sargasso using hot water in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the material was replaced by Sargassum. Thin layer chromatography can detect the presence of a little fucoidan. After calculation, it was found that the amount of polysaccharide extracted from the raw material of Sargasso without treatment by the blasting machine was 7.14% of the dry powder weight and the DPPH radical scavenging rate was 11%.
從以上實驗發現，藉由本案之海藻多醣萃取方法，將龍鬚菜或馬尾藻原料膨發後再以熱水萃取海藻多醣，相較於直接以熱水萃取龍鬚菜或馬尾藻原料，其多醣萃取率及DPPH自由基清除率均明顯增加。From the above experiments, it was found that the seaweed polysaccharides were extracted by the method of seaweed polysaccharide extraction in this case, and then the seaweed polysaccharide was extracted by hot water, which was compared with the direct extraction of Asparagus or Sargassum raw materials by hot water. Both polysaccharide extraction rate and DPPH free radical scavenging rate increased significantly.
綜上所述，本案提供一種的海藻多醣萃取方法。本案之方法利用爆餅機或擠壓機所產生的高溫與高壓，將海藻原料的結構先經過裂解及破壁處理後，再瞬間洩壓，讓融熔狀海藻原料膨脹且脫去水分，達到膨發效果。由於膨發性海藻樣品之海藻多醣與細胞壁間的作用力減低，因此利用熱水即可有效提取海藻多醣粗萃物，並將海藻多醣粗萃物純化後可得褐藻糖膠。相較於先前技藝之方法，本案之海藻多醣萃取方法更為簡易且快速。由於本案之海藻多醣萃取方法不需採用有機溶劑製備海藻多醣粗萃物，故可符合環境保護之效益。另外，本案之海藻多醣萃取方法之製品並無明顯的藻腥味殘留問題。此等優勢皆為習知技術所不及，故本案之海藻多醣萃取方法極具產業價值，爰依法提出申請。In summary, the present invention provides a method for extracting seaweed polysaccharides. The method of the present invention utilizes the high temperature and high pressure generated by the blasting machine or the extruder, and the structure of the seaweed raw material is first subjected to cracking and wall breaking treatment, and then the pressure is released instantaneously, so that the molten seaweed raw material expands and removes moisture, thereby achieving Burst effect. Since the interaction between the seaweed polysaccharide and the cell wall of the sample of the swollen seaweed is reduced, the crude extract of the seaweed polysaccharide can be effectively extracted by using the hot water, and the fucoidan extract can be purified to obtain the fucoidan. Compared with the prior art method, the seaweed polysaccharide extraction method of the present invention is simpler and faster. Since the seaweed polysaccharide extraction method of the present invention does not require the use of an organic solvent to prepare a crude extract of seaweed polysaccharide, it can meet the benefits of environmental protection. In addition, the product of the seaweed polysaccharide extraction method of the present invention has no obvious residual problem of algal flavor. These advantages are beyond the reach of conventional technology, so the method of extracting seaweed polysaccharides in this case is of great industrial value and is submitted in accordance with the law.
本案得由熟習此技術之人士任施匠思而為諸般修飾，然皆不脫如附申請專利範圍所欲保護者。This case has been modified by people who are familiar with the technology, but it is not intended to be protected by the scope of the patent application.
S1~S5．．．本案海藻多醣萃取方法的步驟S1~S5. . . The steps of the seaweed polysaccharide extraction method in this case
Claims (10)
(a) 提供一海藻原料；
(b) 進行一高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序，使該海藻原料成為一膨發性海藻樣品；以及
(c) 以熱水萃取該膨發性海藻樣品，製得一海藻多醣粗萃物。A method for extracting seaweed polysaccharides, comprising the following steps:
(a) providing a seaweed material;
(b) performing a high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief process to make the seaweed material a sample of swollen seaweed;
(c) extracting the sample of the swollen seaweed with hot water to obtain a crude extract of seaweed polysaccharide.
(a) 提供一海藻原料；
(b) 進行一高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序，使該海藻原料成為一膨發性海藻樣品，其中該高溫高壓及瞬間洩壓處理程序係以溫度140~250℃加熱處理該海藻原料達4~10秒，使得該膨發性海藻樣品相對於該海藻原料的徑向膨發率為1.5~4；以及
(c) 以熱水萃取該膨發性海藻樣品，製得一海藻多醣粗萃物。A method for extracting seaweed polysaccharides, comprising the following steps:
(a) providing a seaweed material;
(b) performing a high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief treatment procedure to make the seaweed material into a sample of swollen seaweed, wherein the high temperature and high pressure and instantaneous pressure relief treatment process heats the seaweed raw material at a temperature of 140 to 250 ° C to 4 ~10 seconds, the radial expansion rate of the swollen algae sample relative to the seaweed material is 1.5~4;
(c) extracting the sample of the swollen seaweed with hot water to obtain a crude extract of seaweed polysaccharide.
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