TW201433058A - Dynamic variable-frequency power conversion system - Google Patents

Dynamic variable-frequency power conversion system Download PDF

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TW201433058A
TW201433058A TW102104192A TW102104192A TW201433058A TW 201433058 A TW201433058 A TW 201433058A TW 102104192 A TW102104192 A TW 102104192A TW 102104192 A TW102104192 A TW 102104192A TW 201433058 A TW201433058 A TW 201433058A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
sensing
output
load
inductor
input
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TW102104192A
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Chinese (zh)
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TWI495235B (en
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Jing-Yuan Lin
Shu-Jia Lin
zhi-feng Lin
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Inno Tech Co Ltd
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Priority to US14/022,919 priority Critical patent/US8907736B2/en
Priority to US14/022,231 priority patent/US9036378B2/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K7/00—Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
    • H03K7/08—Duration or width modulation ; Duty cycle modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is to be a dynamic variable-frequency power conversion system, which includes the transformer, the pulse width modulating driving controller, the switching transistor, the cascading first and second divider resistances, the output diode and the output capacitor, wherein the transformer receives the input power to generate sensing current and induced current, and the sensing current flows through the first and second divider resistances to generate the feedback signal. The switching transistor is connected to the transformer and the pulse width modulating driving controller. The response current flows through the output diode and the output capacitor to generate the output voltage to supply the load. The pulse width modulating driving controller determines the load status according to the feedback signal and varies the switching frequency according to the load status and the input power, thereby raising the efficiency of the entire power conversion to achieve purpose of dynamic frequency modulation.

Description

動態變頻電源轉換系統 Dynamic variable frequency power conversion system

本發明係有關於一種電源轉換系統，尤其是可依據輸入電壓及負載狀態而動態改變脈波寬度調變驅動控制器的開關頻率。 The invention relates to a power conversion system, in particular to dynamically change the switching frequency of the pulse width modulation drive controller according to the input voltage and the load state.

隨著電子工藝的進步，各式各樣的電子產品也不斷在市場上推陳出新，而由於電子產品一般需要足夠的電力而正常運作，因此，業者也持續開發不同的電源轉換器，以符合不同的電力需求，比如110V的市電轉換成12V直流電以驅動電動馬達，或轉換成5V直流電以供電給電子元件，或甚至提供3.3V、2.5V或1.8V給積體電路(IC)用。另外，也可將低壓電源轉換成高壓電源，比如逆變器，可將來自電池的12V直流電轉換成110V或更高電壓的交流電。 With the advancement of electronic technology, various electronic products are constantly being introduced in the market. Since electronic products generally require sufficient power to operate normally, the operators continue to develop different power converters to meet different requirements. Power requirements, such as 110V mains converted to 12V DC to drive an electric motor, or converted to 5V DC to power electronic components, or even 3.3V, 2.5V or 1.8V for integrated circuits (IC). In addition, low-voltage power can be converted to a high-voltage power source, such as an inverter, which converts 12V DC from the battery into AC power of 110V or higher.

交換式電源轉換器是一般較常見的電源轉換器，可利用降壓型轉換器、升壓型轉換器、降升壓型轉換器、順向式轉換器、返馳式轉換器(Flyback Converter)、半橋式轉換器、全橋式轉換器而實現，其中返馳式轉換器具有架構簡單、較低成本、較大電壓調變範圍的優點，因此常使用於中小型功率的電子產品。 Switched power converters are generally more common power converters, which can use buck converters, boost converters, step-down converters, forward converters, flyback converters (Flyback Converter) The implementation of a half-bridge converter and a full-bridge converter, wherein the flyback converter has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and large voltage modulation range, and thus is often used in small and medium power electronic products.

返馳式轉換器的操作方式一般有諧振(Resonant)、準諧振(Quasi-Resonant，QR)、主動式箝位(Active Clamp)等型式，主要是利用零電壓及/或零電流切換以達到降低開關元件(一般為功率電晶體)之切換損失(Switching Loss)的目的，藉以提高轉換效率。 The operation mode of the flyback converter is generally resonant (Resonant), quasi-resonant (QR), active clamp (Active Clamp), etc., mainly using zero voltage and / or zero current switching to achieve lower The purpose of switching losses (switching losses) of switching elements (usually power transistors) is to improve conversion efficiency.

上述的準諧振(QR)技術是將返馳式轉換器操作在非連續導通模式(Discontinuous Conduction Mode，DCM)，可有效降低電感量，並達到零電壓及/或零電流切換，此外，準諧振技術還可搭配波谷切換(Valley Switching)提高效率，並採用變頻方式，減少電磁干擾(EMI)。 The above quasi-resonant (QR) technology operates the flyback converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM), which effectively reduces the inductance and achieves zero voltage and/or zero current switching. In addition, quasi-resonance Technology can also be combined with Valley Switching to increase efficiency and use frequency conversion to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI).

然而，習知技術的缺點在於，準諧振返馳式轉換器是一直操作在非連續導通模式，其電流峰值及均方根(RMS)值相對偏高，尤其是在重載操作下，會使得開關元件及輸出二極體產生較高的導通損失(Conduction Loss)及截止切換損失(Turn-Off Switching Loss)，並在變壓器內產生較大的鐵芯損失，造成轉換效率大幅降低，因此不適合應用於較高輸出功率，比如150W以上。 However, the disadvantage of the prior art is that the quasi-resonant flyback converter is always operated in a discontinuous conduction mode, and its current peak value and root mean square (RMS) value are relatively high, especially under heavy load operation, The switching element and the output diode generate high conduction loss and Turn-Off Switching Loss, and generate a large core loss in the transformer, resulting in a significant reduction in conversion efficiency, so it is not suitable for application. At higher output power, such as 150W or more.

此外，未來的工業標準會對電子產品的能源校耗目標訂出更加嚴格的電磁干擾及轉換效率標準，因此，需要一種動態變頻電源轉換系統，可在降頻模式時降低切換模式電源器的電磁干擾發射，去除輸出抖動漣波，並大幅提高電源轉換效率，藉以解決上述習用技術的問題。 In addition, future industrial standards will set stricter electromagnetic interference and conversion efficiency standards for the energy consumption of electronic products. Therefore, a dynamic variable frequency power conversion system is needed to reduce the electromagnetic of the switching mode power supply in the down mode. Interfere with the emission, remove the output jitter chopping, and greatly improve the power conversion efficiency, so as to solve the above problems of the conventional technology.

本發明之主要目的在於提供一種動態變頻電源轉換系統，包括電源輸入單元、第一及第二分壓電阻、變壓器、脈波寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation，PWM)驅動控制器、切換電晶體、輸出二極體及輸出電容，用以將輸入電源轉換成輸出電源以供電給外部的負載，其中變壓器進一步包括相互耦合的初級側電感、初級側感測電感及二次側電感，輸入電源經電源輸入單元而傳送至初級側電感，初級側感測電感係感應出用於感測的感測電流，並流過串接的第一及第二分壓電阻，而二次側電感係感應出用於輸出的感應電流，並流過串接至負載的輸出二極體。切換電晶體的汲極連接至初級側電感，切換電晶體的源極是經接地電阻而 接地，且PWM驅動控制器依據第一及第二分壓電阻的串接點的電壓，當作回授信號，以控制切換電晶體的閘極，並調節開關頻率，藉以利用一次測回授架構，實現開關控制，可提高整體電源轉換效率。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a dynamic variable frequency power conversion system including a power input unit, first and second voltage dividing resistors, a transformer, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) driving controller, a switching transistor, The output diode and the output capacitor are used to convert the input power into an output power source for supplying an external load, wherein the transformer further includes a primary side inductor, a primary side sensing inductor and a secondary side inductor coupled to each other, and the input power source is passed through the power source. The input unit is transmitted to the primary side inductor, and the primary side sensing inductance induces a sensing current for sensing, and flows through the first and second voltage dividing resistors connected in series, and the secondary side inductance is induced The induced current is output and flows through the output diode connected in series to the load. The drain of the switching transistor is connected to the primary side inductor, and the source of the switching transistor is grounded through the resistor Grounding, and the PWM drive controller acts as a feedback signal according to the voltage of the series connection point of the first and second voltage dividing resistors to control the gate of the switching transistor and adjust the switching frequency, thereby utilizing the one-time feedback architecture , realize switching control, can improve the overall power conversion efficiency.

在負載愈輕時，PWM驅動控制器的開關頻率愈低，而負載愈重時，開關頻率愈高。，PWM驅動控制器的最大開關頻率是依據輸入電源的輸入電壓而動態改變，原則上輸入電壓愈低，最大開關頻率愈大，而輸入電壓愈高，最大開關頻率愈小，因而能提高整體電源轉換效率，達到動態變頻的目的。 The lighter the load, the lower the switching frequency of the PWM drive controller, and the heavier the load, the higher the switching frequency. The maximum switching frequency of the PWM drive controller is dynamically changed according to the input voltage of the input power supply. In principle, the lower the input voltage, the larger the maximum switching frequency, and the higher the input voltage, the smaller the maximum switching frequency, thus improving the overall power supply. Conversion efficiency to achieve the purpose of dynamic frequency conversion.

10‧‧‧脈波寬度調變驅動控制器 10‧‧‧ Pulse width modulation drive controller

20‧‧‧切換電晶體 20‧‧‧Switching the transistor

30‧‧‧變壓器 30‧‧‧Transformers

40‧‧‧負載電流偵測單元 40‧‧‧Load current detection unit

50‧‧‧輸出單元 50‧‧‧Output unit

A‧‧‧節點 A‧‧‧ node

B‧‧‧節點 B‧‧‧ node

C1‧‧‧曲線 C1‧‧‧ Curve

C2‧‧‧曲線 C2‧‧‧ Curve

C3‧‧‧曲線 C3‧‧‧ Curve

C11‧‧‧曲線 C11‧‧‧ Curve

C12‧‧‧曲線 C12‧‧‧ Curve

C13‧‧‧曲線 C13‧‧‧ Curve

Cs‧‧‧感測電容 Cs‧‧‧Sense Capacitance

Co‧‧‧輸出電容 Co‧‧‧ output capacitor

Co1‧‧‧第一輸出電容 Co1‧‧‧ first output capacitor

Co2‧‧‧第二輸出電容 Co2‧‧‧second output capacitor

Do‧‧‧輸出二極體 Do‧‧‧ output diode

Dr‧‧‧矽控制整流器 Dr‧‧矽矽Controlled Rectifier

Ds‧‧‧感測二極體 Ds‧‧ Sensing diode

FM‧‧‧最大開關頻率 FM‧‧‧Maximum switching frequency

Fm‧‧‧最小開關頻率 Fm‧‧‧Minimum switching frequency

Fsw‧‧‧開關頻率 Fsw‧‧‧ switching frequency

I1、I2、I3‧‧‧電流 I1, I2, I3‧‧‧ current

Ib‧‧‧負載電流偵測信號 Ib‧‧‧Load current detection signal

Ld‧‧‧初級側感測電感 Ld‧‧‧Primary side sensing inductance

LH‧‧‧臨界負載 LH‧‧‧critical load

Lo‧‧‧輸出電感 Lo‧‧‧Output inductor

Lp‧‧‧初級側電感 Lp‧‧‧ primary side inductance

Ls‧‧‧二次測電感 Ls‧‧‧Second measurement inductance

PS‧‧‧電源輸入單元 PS‧‧‧Power input unit

R1‧‧‧第一感測電阻 R1‧‧‧First sense resistor

R2‧‧‧第二感測電阻 R2‧‧‧second sense resistor

Rd1‧‧‧第一偵測電阻 Rd1‧‧‧first detection resistor

Rd2‧‧‧第二偵測電阻 Rd2‧‧‧second detection resistor

Ro‧‧‧負載 Ro‧‧‧ load

RS1‧‧‧第一分壓電阻 RS1‧‧‧ first voltage divider resistor

Rs2‧‧‧第二分壓電阻 Rs2‧‧‧Second voltage divider resistor

Rt‧‧‧接地電阻 Rt‧‧‧ grounding resistor

SU‧‧‧感測單元 SU‧‧‧Sensor unit

TD‧‧‧光耦合元件 TD‧‧‧Optical coupling components

TD1‧‧‧偵測發光二極體 TD1‧‧‧Detecting Light Emitting Diodes

TD2‧‧‧偵測電晶體 TD2‧‧‧Detection transistor

Vin‧‧‧輸入電壓 Vin‧‧‧Input voltage

Vo‧‧‧輸出電壓 Vo‧‧‧ output voltage

Vs‧‧‧分壓電源 Vs‧‧‧voltage power supply

第一圖顯示依據本發明第一實施例動態變頻電源轉換系統的示意圖。 The first figure shows a schematic diagram of a dynamic variable frequency power conversion system in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.

第二圖顯示依據本發明第一實施例中電源輸入單元的示意圖。 The second figure shows a schematic diagram of a power supply input unit in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.

第三圖顯示依據本發明第二實施例動態變頻電源轉換系統的示意圖。 The third figure shows a schematic diagram of a dynamic variable frequency power conversion system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.

第四圖顯示依據本發明第二實施例中電源輸入單元及感測單元的示意圖。 The fourth figure shows a schematic diagram of a power input unit and a sensing unit in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.

第五圖顯示本發明中開關頻率與負載狀態的關係圖。 The fifth graph shows the relationship between the switching frequency and the load state in the present invention.

第六圖顯示本發明中開最大開關頻率與輸入電壓的關係圖。 The sixth graph shows the relationship between the maximum switching frequency and the input voltage in the present invention.

以下配合圖式及元件符號對本發明之實施方式做更詳細的說明，俾使熟習該項技藝者在研讀本說明書後能據以實施。 The embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and the <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt;

參閱第一圖，依據本發明第一實施例動態變頻電源轉換系統的示意圖。如第一圖所示，本發明第一實施例的動態變頻電源轉換系統包括電源輸入單元PS、脈波寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation，PWM)驅動控制器10、切換電晶體20、 變壓器30、第一分壓電阻Rs1、第二分壓電阻Rs2、輸出二極體Do以及輸出電容Co，係用以將具輸入電壓Vin的輸入電源轉換成具輸入電壓Vo的輸出電源以供電給外部負載Ro。 Referring to the first figure, a schematic diagram of a dynamic variable frequency power conversion system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the first figure, the dynamic variable frequency power conversion system of the first embodiment of the present invention includes a power input unit PS, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) drive controller 10, a switching transistor 20, The transformer 30, the first voltage dividing resistor Rs1, the second voltage dividing resistor Rs2, the output diode Do and the output capacitor Co are used to convert the input power with the input voltage Vin into an output power with an input voltage Vo to supply power. External load Ro.

電源輸入單元PS是用以對輸入電源的輸入電壓Vin進行濾波處理，產生輸入濾波電源。 The power input unit PS is configured to filter the input voltage Vin of the input power source to generate an input filter power.

變壓器30包括相互耦合的初級側電感Lp、初級側感測電感Ld及二次側電感Ls，其中初級側感測電感Ld及二次側電感Ls分別藉感應而產生感測電流及感應電流，且初級側電感Lp連接至電源輸入單元PS以接收輸入濾波電源，而初級側感測電感Ld的一端是連接至第一分壓電阻Rs1的一端，第一分壓電阻Rs1的另一端連接至第二分壓電阻Rs2的一端，第二分壓電阻Rs2的另一端為接地。亦即，第一分壓電阻Rs1及第二分壓電阻Rs2係相互串接。 The transformer 30 includes a primary side inductance Lp, a primary side sensing inductance Ld, and a secondary side inductance Ls coupled to each other, wherein the primary side sensing inductance Ld and the secondary side inductance Ls respectively generate sensing current and induced current by induction, and The primary side inductor Lp is connected to the power input unit PS to receive the input filter power, and one end of the primary side sense inductor Ld is connected to one end of the first voltage dividing resistor Rs1, and the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor Rs1 is connected to the second One end of the voltage dividing resistor Rs2 and the other end of the second voltage dividing resistor Rs2 are grounded. That is, the first voltage dividing resistor Rs1 and the second voltage dividing resistor Rs2 are connected in series.

輸出二極體Do係串接輸出電容Co，其中輸出二極體Do的正端連接至二次側電感Ls的一端，用以傳導感應電流，而輸出二極體Do的負端連接至輸出電容Co的一端，且輸出電容Co的另一端及二次側電感Ls的另一端為接地。同時，輸出電容Co是並聯連接至負載Ro，因而在輸出電容Co產生輸出電壓Vo。 The output diode is connected in series with the output capacitor Co, wherein the positive terminal of the output diode Do is connected to one end of the secondary side inductor Ls for conducting the induced current, and the negative terminal of the output diode Do is connected to the output capacitor. One end of Co, and the other end of the output capacitor Co and the other end of the secondary side inductor Ls are grounded. At the same time, the output capacitor Co is connected in parallel to the load Ro, thus generating an output voltage Vo at the output capacitor Co.

此外，切換電晶體20的汲極連接至初級側電感Lp的一端，而切換電晶體20的源極是經由接地電阻Rt而接地。PWM驅動控制器10至少具有切換輸出端及感測輸入端，其中切換輸出端連接至切換電晶體20的閘極，而感測輸入端連接至第一分壓電阻Rs1及第二分壓電阻Rs2的串接點，接收串接點所產生的分壓信號，以當作回授信號，同時，PWM驅動控制器10可依據回授信號進行開關操作，藉以控制切換電晶體20的閘極，進而控制電源轉換效率。 Further, the drain of the switching transistor 20 is connected to one end of the primary side inductance Lp, and the source of the switching transistor 20 is grounded via the grounding resistance Rt. The PWM driving controller 10 has at least a switching output terminal and a sensing input terminal, wherein the switching output terminal is connected to the gate of the switching transistor 20, and the sensing input terminal is connected to the first voltage dividing resistor Rs1 and the second voltage dividing resistor Rs2. The series connection point receives the voltage division signal generated by the series connection point as a feedback signal, and at the same time, the PWM drive controller 10 can perform a switching operation according to the feedback signal, thereby controlling the gate of the switching transistor 20, and further Control power conversion efficiency.

參閱第二圖，依據本發明第一實施例中電源輸入單元的示 意圖。如第二圖所示，電源輸入單元PS可使用不同的習用技術電氣單元而實現，比如二極體電橋單元、濾波電感、整流單元。由於電源輸入單元PS的技術特徵並非本發明的重點，因此不詳細說明電氣操作的細節。不過要注意的是，第二圖的電源輸入單元PS只是用說明本發明特徵的示範性實例而已，並非用以限制本發明的範圍，亦即可涵蓋其他相等功能的電氣單元。 Referring to the second figure, the display of the power input unit in the first embodiment of the present invention intention. As shown in the second figure, the power input unit PS can be implemented using different conventional electrical units, such as a diode bridge unit, a filter inductor, and a rectifying unit. Since the technical features of the power input unit PS are not the focus of the present invention, the details of the electrical operation will not be described in detail. It should be noted, however, that the power input unit PS of the second figure is merely illustrative of the features of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and may cover other equivalent functional electrical units.

具體而言，在本發明的開關操作中，PWM驅動控制器10可依據輸入電源的動態變化以及負載狀態，改變脈波寬度調變中的開關頻率，藉以提高整體的電源轉換效率。亦即，PWM驅動控制器10的開關操作是包括依據回授信號以決定負載Ro的目前負載狀態，同時，在負載愈輕時，開關頻率愈低，而在負載愈重時，開關頻率愈高，且在負載狀態等於或大於預設的臨界負載時，PWM驅動控制器10的開關頻率為最大開關頻率，而最大開關頻率是隨著輸入電壓愈高而愈小。 Specifically, in the switching operation of the present invention, the PWM driving controller 10 can change the switching frequency in the pulse width modulation according to the dynamic change of the input power source and the load state, thereby improving the overall power conversion efficiency. That is, the switching operation of the PWM driving controller 10 includes determining the current load state of the load Ro according to the feedback signal. Meanwhile, the lighter the load, the lower the switching frequency, and the heavier the load, the higher the switching frequency. And when the load state is equal to or greater than a preset critical load, the switching frequency of the PWM drive controller 10 is the maximum switching frequency, and the maximum switching frequency is smaller as the input voltage is higher.

此外，本發明可在較輕載時，使用非連續導通模式(DCM)的驅動模式，而在較重載時，進行連續導通模式(CCM)的驅動模式，不過要注意的是，本發明的開關操作並不受限於此，而是可依據實際需求以決定進行DCM或CCM的驅動模式。 In addition, the present invention can use a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) driving mode at a lighter load, and a continuous conduction mode (CCM) driving mode at a heavier load, although it is noted that the present invention The switching operation is not limited to this, but the driving mode of the DCM or CCM can be determined according to actual needs.

參閱第三圖，依據本發明第二實施例動態變頻電源轉換系統的示意圖。要注意的是，本發明第二實施例的動態變頻電源轉換系統係類似於上述第一圖的第一實施例動態變頻電源轉換系統，其主要的差異點是在於第二實施例的動態變頻電源轉換系統是以二次測回授方式而實現，有別於第一實施例所使用的一次測回授方式，因此，相同元件的詳細操作將省略。 Referring to the third figure, a schematic diagram of a dynamic variable frequency power conversion system in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. It is to be noted that the dynamic variable frequency power conversion system of the second embodiment of the present invention is similar to the first embodiment of the first embodiment of the dynamic variable frequency power conversion system, and the main difference lies in the dynamic variable frequency power supply of the second embodiment. The conversion system is implemented in a secondary measurement feedback mode, which is different from the one-time feedback feedback method used in the first embodiment, and therefore detailed operations of the same components will be omitted.

如第三圖所示，本發明第二實施例的動態變頻電源轉換系 統包括電源輸入單元PS、感測單元SU、脈波寬度調變(PWM)驅動控制器10、切換電晶體20、變壓器30、負載電流偵測單元40以及輸出單元50，係用以將具輸入電壓Vin的輸入電源轉換成具輸入電壓Vo的輸出電源以供電給外部負載，其中負載電流偵測單元40是當作二次測回授單元，用以實現二次測回授方式。 As shown in the third figure, the dynamic variable frequency power conversion system of the second embodiment of the present invention The system includes a power input unit PS, a sensing unit SU, a pulse width modulation (PWM) driving controller 10, a switching transistor 20, a transformer 30, a load current detecting unit 40, and an output unit 50 for inputting The input power of the voltage Vin is converted into an output power source with an input voltage Vo to supply power to the external load, wherein the load current detecting unit 40 is used as a secondary measurement feedback unit for implementing the secondary measurement feedback mode.

電源輸入單元PS接收輸入電源Vin進行濾波處理，並產生輸入濾波電源及分壓電源Vs，其中變壓器30接收該輸入濾波電源以進行電源轉換操作，而感測單元SU接收該分壓電源以產生二感測信號。電源輸入單元PS及感測單元SU的示範性實例可參考第四圖的電路，不過要注意的是，本發明的範圍並不受限於第四圖所揭示的內容，而是涵蓋所揭示的所有電氣功能。 The power input unit PS receives the input power source Vin for filtering processing, and generates an input filter power source and a voltage dividing power source Vs, wherein the transformer 30 receives the input filter power source to perform a power conversion operation, and the sensing unit SU receives the voltage dividing power source to generate two Sensing signal. An exemplary example of the power input unit PS and the sensing unit SU may refer to the circuit of the fourth figure, but it is to be noted that the scope of the present invention is not limited by the contents disclosed in the fourth figure, but covers the disclosed All electrical functions.

在第四圖中，電源輸入單元PS主要是利用二分壓電阻產生分壓電源Vs，並利用整流電路進行整流處理，同時利用不同的被動元件實現濾波操作，藉以避免輸入電源Vin中可能的大幅電氣波動或變動影響到後續電路的操作。具體而言，感測單元SU可包括感測電容Cs、感測二極體Ds、第一感測電阻R1及第二感測電阻R2，其中感測電容Cs的一端為接地，另一端接收分壓電源Vs，並連接至感測二極體Ds的負端，第一感測電阻R1的一端為接地，另一端連接至第二感測電阻R2的一端，第二感測電阻的另一端接收來自變壓器30的感測電流，且感測單元SU所產生的二感測信號是分別連接至感測二極體Ds的負端及正端，其中該二感測信號亦即第四圖中的節點A及節點B。 In the fourth figure, the power input unit PS mainly generates a voltage dividing power source Vs by using a two-dividing resistor, and performs rectification processing by using a rectifying circuit, and simultaneously implements a filtering operation by using different passive components, thereby avoiding a possible large possibility in the input power source Vin. Electrical fluctuations or variations affect the operation of subsequent circuits. Specifically, the sensing unit SU may include a sensing capacitor Cs, a sensing diode Ds, a first sensing resistor R1, and a second sensing resistor R2, wherein one end of the sensing capacitor Cs is grounded, and the other end receives the minute The power source Vs is connected to the negative terminal of the sensing diode Ds. One end of the first sensing resistor R1 is grounded, the other end is connected to one end of the second sensing resistor R2, and the other end of the second sensing resistor is received. The sensing current from the transformer 30 is generated, and the two sensing signals generated by the sensing unit SU are respectively connected to the negative terminal and the positive terminal of the sensing diode Ds, wherein the two sensing signals are also in the fourth figure. Node A and Node B.

感測單元SU可在節點A直接偵測輸入電壓Vin(比如市電的電壓)的大小，波形及零點，此外經由流入節點B的電流也可間接偵測市電的電壓，節點B還可經由變壓器輔助繞組偵測輸出電壓的大小，並且可以判斷操作在DCM模式下 谷底發生的時間，進而在谷底切換以提升效率。 The sensing unit SU can directly detect the magnitude, waveform and zero point of the input voltage Vin (such as the voltage of the mains) at the node A, and can also indirectly detect the voltage of the mains via the current flowing into the node B, and the node B can also be assisted by the transformer. The winding detects the magnitude of the output voltage and can judge the operation in DCM mode. The time at which the bottom occurs occurs, and then switches at the bottom to increase efficiency.

回到第三圖，變壓器30係如同第一實施例，亦具有相互耦合的初級側電感Lp、初級側感測電感Ld及二次側電感Ls，且初級側感測電感Ld藉感應而產生感測電流，而二次側電感Ls產生感應電流。初級側電感Lp接收輸入濾波電源，而初級側感測電感Ld的一端為接地，且感測單元Su連接至初級側感測電感Ld的另一端，用以接收感測電流。此外，二次側電感1Ls連接至輸出單元50以接收感測電流，並由輸出單元50產生輸出電壓Vo。 Returning to the third figure, the transformer 30 is similar to the first embodiment, and has a primary side inductance Lp, a primary side sensing inductance Ld, and a secondary side inductance Ls coupled to each other, and the primary side sensing inductance Ld is induced by induction. The current is measured, and the secondary side inductance Ls generates an induced current. The primary side inductor Lp receives the input filter power supply, and one end of the primary side sense inductor Ld is grounded, and the sense unit Su is connected to the other end of the primary side sense inductor Ld for receiving the sense current. Further, the secondary side inductance 1Ls is connected to the output unit 50 to receive the sensing current, and the output voltage Vo is generated by the output unit 50.

更具體而言，輸出單元50可括輸出二極體Do、第一輸出電容Co1、第二輸出電容Co2及輸出電感Lo，其中輸出二極體Do的正端連接至二次側電感Ls的一端，輸出二極體Do的負端連接至第一輸出電容Co1的一端以及輸出電感Lo的一端，同時輸出電感Lo的另一端連接至第二輸出電容Co2的一端，第一輸出電容Co1的另一端、第二輸出電容Co2的另一端以及二次側電感Ls的另一端為接地。尤其是，輸出電感Lo的二端分別連接至當作二次測回授單元的負載電流偵測單元40，且負載電流偵測單元40進一步連接至PWM驅動控制器10，形成二次測回授路徑。 More specifically, the output unit 50 can include an output diode Do, a first output capacitor Co1, a second output capacitor Co2, and an output inductor Lo, wherein the positive terminal of the output diode Do is connected to one end of the secondary side inductor Ls. The negative terminal of the output diode Do is connected to one end of the first output capacitor Co1 and one end of the output inductor Lo, and the other end of the output inductor Lo is connected to one end of the second output capacitor Co2, and the other end of the first output capacitor Co1 The other end of the second output capacitor Co2 and the other end of the secondary side inductor Ls are grounded. In particular, the two ends of the output inductor Lo are respectively connected to the load current detecting unit 40 as a secondary measurement feedback unit, and the load current detecting unit 40 is further connected to the PWM driving controller 10 to form a second measurement feedback. path.

負載電流偵測單元40包括光耦合元件TD、第一偵測電阻Rd1、第二偵測電阻Rd2及矽控制整流器(Silicon Controlled Rectifier，SCR)Dr，其中光耦合元件TD是由偵測發光二極體TD1及偵測電晶體TD2所構成。偵測電晶體TD2的射極為接地，偵測發光二極體TD1的正端連接至輸出單元50的輸出二極體Do的負端，偵測發光二極體TD1所產生光係照射偵測電晶體TD2的基極以導通偵測電晶體TD2，使得偵測電晶體TD2的集極產生負載電流偵測信號Ib，當作所需的回授信號，而進一步傳送至PWM驅動控制器10。此外，第一偵測電阻RD1的一端連接至輸出單元50的輸 出電感Lo的另一端，第一偵測電阻Rd1的另一端連接至第二偵測電阻Rd2的一端，第二偵測電阻Rd2的另一端為接地，且矽控制整流器Dr的陽極為接地，矽控制整流器Dr的陰極連接至偵測發光二極體TD1的負端，同時矽控制整流器Dr的閘極連接至第一偵測電阻Rd1的該另一端。 The load current detecting unit 40 includes a light coupling element TD, a first detecting resistor Rd1, a second detecting resistor Rd2, and a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) Dr, wherein the light coupling element TD is detected by the light emitting diode The body TD1 and the detecting transistor TD2 are formed. The detection transistor TD2 is grounded to the ground, and the positive terminal of the detection LED TD1 is connected to the negative terminal of the output diode Do of the output unit 50, and the light system of the LED TD1 is detected. The base of the crystal TD2 turns on the detection transistor TD2, so that the collector of the detection transistor TD2 generates the load current detection signal Ib, which is further transmitted to the PWM drive controller 10 as a required feedback signal. In addition, one end of the first detecting resistor RD1 is connected to the output of the output unit 50. The other end of the first detecting resistor Rd1 is connected to one end of the second detecting resistor Rd2, the other end of the second detecting resistor Rd2 is grounded, and the anode of the 整流 controlling rectifier Dr is grounded, 矽The cathode of the control rectifier Dr is connected to the negative terminal of the detecting LED TD1, and the gate of the control rectifier Dr is connected to the other end of the first detecting resistor Rd1.

因此，負載電流偵測單元40的主要電氣操作是利用光耦合元件TD以電氣隔離的光耦合方式依據負載電流產生相對應的負載電流偵測信號Ib，同時利用矽控制整流器Dr依據負載電流以導通或關閉光耦合元件TD的導通路徑，亦即控制光耦合元件TD是否產生負載電流偵測信號Ib。 Therefore, the main electrical operation of the load current detecting unit 40 is to use the optical coupling element TD to generate a corresponding load current detection signal Ib according to the load current in an electrically isolated optical coupling manner, and simultaneously control the rectifier Dr to be turned on according to the load current. Or turning off the conduction path of the optical coupling element TD, that is, controlling whether the optical coupling element TD generates the load current detection signal Ib.

上述第一及第二實施例中的回授信號可與輸出電壓Vin成線性關係或非線性關係，或者，回授信號與輸出電壓Vin之間的關係是利用內建的查表而實現。 The feedback signals in the first and second embodiments may be linearly or nonlinearly related to the output voltage Vin, or the relationship between the feedback signal and the output voltage Vin may be realized by using a built-in look-up table.

PWM驅動控制器10的操作方式如同第一圖的第一實施例，因此不再贅述。PWM驅動控制器10可為微控制器(MCU)、中央處理器(CPU)或由多個獨立電子元件所構成的電氣電路。 The PWM drive controller 10 operates in the same manner as the first embodiment of the first figure, and therefore will not be described again. The PWM drive controller 10 can be a microcontroller (MCU), a central processing unit (CPU), or an electrical circuit composed of a plurality of independent electronic components.

以下將參考第五圖及第六圖以說明本發明PWM驅動控制器10的開關操作特徵，其中第五圖為開關頻率與負載狀態的關係圖，而第六圖為開最大開關頻率與輸入電壓的關係圖，且負載狀態可指外部負載的負載電流或負載功率。 The switching operation characteristics of the PWM driving controller 10 of the present invention will be described below with reference to the fifth and sixth figures. The fifth figure shows the relationship between the switching frequency and the load state, and the sixth figure shows the maximum switching frequency and the input voltage. The relationship diagram, and the load status can refer to the load current or load power of the external load.

如第五圖所示，對於第一圖及第三圖的第一實施例及第二實施例，開關頻率Fsw是隨著負載狀態的愈重而增加或持平。更具體而言，當負載狀態為零負載0%(比如負載電流為零)時，開關頻率Fsw為最小開關頻率Fm，而當負載狀態為預設的臨界負載LH時，開關頻率Fsw為最大開關頻率FM，且在負載的負載狀態大於臨界負載LH時，開關頻率Fsw保持在最大開關頻率FM。臨界負載LH可選定為滿載的75%至100%之間的數值，比如以滿載的95%為臨界負 載LH，所以，等於或大於臨界負載LH時的開關頻率Fsw皆為最大開關頻率FM。例如，對於額定輸功率為18W的變壓器30，滿載是指外部負載的功率為18W，而大於18W則為過載。 As shown in the fifth figure, for the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the first and third figures, the switching frequency Fsw is increased or balanced as the load state becomes heavier. More specifically, when the load state is zero load 0% (for example, the load current is zero), the switching frequency Fsw is the minimum switching frequency Fm, and when the load state is the preset critical load LH, the switching frequency Fsw is the maximum switch. The frequency FM, and when the load state of the load is greater than the critical load LH, the switching frequency Fsw is maintained at the maximum switching frequency FM. The critical load LH can be selected as a value between 75% and 100% of full load, such as 95% of full load. LH is loaded, so the switching frequency Fsw when the critical load LH is equal to or greater than the maximum switching frequency FM. For example, for a transformer 30 with a rated power of 18 W, full load means that the external load has a power of 18 W, and more than 18 W is an overload.

本發明的開關頻率Fsw可使用不同的曲線，比如圖中的曲線C1、C2、C3，其中曲線C1為線性增加，曲線C2及曲線C3為多線段式增加。不過要注意的是，第五圖的曲線C1、C2、C3只是示範性實例而已，並非用以限定本發明範圍，亦即本發明的開關頻率Fsw本質上可使用任意曲線，只要開關頻率Fsw是隨著負載狀態的增加而增加或持平即可。 The switching frequency Fsw of the present invention can use different curves, such as the curves C1, C2, and C3 in the figure, wherein the curve C1 is linearly increased, and the curve C2 and the curve C3 are multi-linewise. It should be noted, however, that the curves C1, C2, and C3 of the fifth figure are merely exemplary examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, that is, the switching frequency Fsw of the present invention can essentially use any curve as long as the switching frequency Fsw is It increases or stays flat as the load state increases.

接著參閱第六圖，第五圖中的最大開關頻率FM是依據輸入電壓Vin而改變，比如曲線C11、C12、C13，其中曲線C11是線性減少，而曲線C12及C13是多線段式減少。不過要注意的是，第五圖的曲線C11、C12、C13只是示範性實例而已，並非用以限定本發明範圍，亦即本發明的最大開關頻率FM本質上可使用任意曲線，只要最大開關頻率FM是隨著輸入電壓Vin的增加而增加或持平即可。因此，具體實例可為：在輸入電壓Vin為90至132V時，最大開關頻率FM為60K至150KHz，而在輸入電壓Vin為180至264V時，最大開關頻率FM為50K至100KHz。 Referring to the sixth figure, the maximum switching frequency FM in the fifth figure is changed according to the input voltage Vin, such as curves C11, C12, C13, wherein the curve C11 is linearly reduced, and the curves C12 and C13 are multi-line reduction. It should be noted, however, that the curves C11, C12, and C13 of the fifth figure are merely exemplary examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, that is, the maximum switching frequency FM of the present invention can essentially use any curve as long as the maximum switching frequency. The FM is increased or flattened as the input voltage Vin increases. Therefore, a specific example may be that the maximum switching frequency FM is 60K to 150KHz when the input voltage Vin is 90 to 132V, and the maximum switching frequency FM is 50K to 100KHz when the input voltage Vin is 180 to 264V.

此外，PWM驅動控制器10可加入抖頻(jitter)的功能，以降低EMI。 In addition, the PWM drive controller 10 can incorporate a jitter function to reduce EMI.

具體而言，上述的輸入電源可為市電經由電橋整流後所產生的直流電，其中市電可為85V到270V的交流電，而輸入電源的輸入電壓為AC85V~270V。切換電晶體20可為金氧半場效電晶體(MOSFET)，而負載電流偵測單元40也可為由至少一被動元件構成的電路而實現，其中該至少一被動元件可包括電阻、電容。 Specifically, the input power source may be a direct current generated by the utility power rectified via a bridge, wherein the commercial power may be an alternating current of 85V to 270V, and an input voltage of the input power source is an AC85V~270V. The switching transistor 20 can be a metal oxide half field effect transistor (MOSFET), and the load current detecting unit 40 can also be implemented by a circuit composed of at least one passive component, wherein the at least one passive component can include a resistor and a capacitor.

綜上所述，本發明的特點在於PWM驅動控制器可依據回授路徑所回傳的回授信號以決定負載的負載狀態，並依據負載狀態以改變PWM驅動信號的開關頻率，尤其是負載狀態愈重時，開關頻率愈高，而負載狀態愈輕時，開關頻率愈低，進而驅動切換電晶體的閘極，藉以提高整體電源轉換效率，達到動態變頻的目的。 In summary, the present invention is characterized in that the PWM driving controller can determine the load state of the load according to the feedback signal returned by the feedback path, and change the switching frequency of the PWM driving signal according to the load state, especially the load state. The heavier, the higher the switching frequency, and the lighter the load state, the lower the switching frequency, which in turn drives the gate of the switching transistor, thereby improving the overall power conversion efficiency and achieving the purpose of dynamic frequency conversion.

本發明方法的另一特點在於PWM驅動控制器可依據輸入電壓以改變滿載及過載時的最大開關頻率，尤其是輸入電壓愈高時，最大開關頻率愈低，而輸入電壓愈低時，最大開關頻率愈高，以更進一步改善不同輸入電壓時的電源轉換效率，擴大應用領域，提高產業利用性。 Another feature of the method of the present invention is that the PWM drive controller can change the maximum switching frequency at full load and overload according to the input voltage, especially when the input voltage is higher, the lower the maximum switching frequency, and the lower the input voltage, the maximum switch. The higher the frequency, the more the power conversion efficiency at different input voltages is further improved, the application area is expanded, and the industrial utilization is improved.

本發明方法的又一特點在於可將所需的系統參數由使用者依據實際需要而設定，並儲存於脈波寬度調變驅動控制器中，且由脈波寬度調變驅動控制器執行，突破硬體上的限制，藉以增加使用上的彈性，確實滿足不同的應用需求。 Another feature of the method of the present invention is that the required system parameters can be set by the user according to actual needs, and stored in the pulse width modulation drive controller, and executed by the pulse width modulation drive controller. Hardware limitations, in order to increase the flexibility of use, indeed meet different application needs.

以上所述者僅為用以解釋本發明之較佳實施例，並非企圖據以對本發明做任何形式上之限制，是以，凡有在相同之發明精神下所作有關本發明之任何修飾或變更，皆仍應包括在本發明意圖保護之範疇。 The above is only a preferred embodiment for explaining the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any modifications or alterations to the present invention made in the spirit of the same invention. All should still be included in the scope of the intention of the present invention.

10‧‧‧脈波寬度調變驅動控制器 10‧‧‧ Pulse width modulation drive controller

20‧‧‧切換電晶體 20‧‧‧Switching the transistor

30‧‧‧變壓器 30‧‧‧Transformers

Co‧‧‧輸出電容 Co‧‧‧ output capacitor

Do‧‧‧輸出二極體 Do‧‧‧ output diode

Ld‧‧‧初級側感測電感 Ld‧‧‧Primary side sensing inductance

Lp‧‧‧初級側電感 Lp‧‧‧ primary side inductance

Ls‧‧‧二次測電感 Ls‧‧‧Second measurement inductance

PS‧‧‧電源輸入單元 PS‧‧‧Power input unit

Ro‧‧‧負載 Ro‧‧‧ load

RS1‧‧‧第一分壓電阻 RS1‧‧‧ first voltage divider resistor

Rs2‧‧‧第二分壓電阻 Rs2‧‧‧Second voltage divider resistor

Rt‧‧‧接地電阻 Rt‧‧‧ grounding resistor

Vin‧‧‧輸入電壓 Vin‧‧‧Input voltage

Vo‧‧‧輸出電壓 Vo‧‧‧ output voltage

Claims (9)

一種動態變頻電源轉換系統，用以將具一輸入電壓的一輸入電源轉換成具一輸出電壓的一輸出電源以供電給外部的一負載，該動態變頻電源轉換系統包括：一電源輸入單元，用以對該輸入電源進行濾波處理，並產生一輸入濾波電源；一第一分壓電阻：一第二分壓電阻，係串接該第一分壓電阻，且該第二分壓電阻的一端為接地，而該第二分壓電阻的一另一端連接該第一分壓電阻的一端；一變壓器，包括一初級側電感、一初級側感測電感及一二次側電感，其中該初級側電感、該初級側感測電感及該二次側電感係相互耦合，該初級側電感連接該電源輸入單元，該初級側感測電感的一端為接地，而該初級側感測電感的一另一端連接至該第一分壓電阻的一另一端，且該初級側感測電感感應一感測電流，並流過串接的該第一分壓電阻及該第二分壓電阻，該二次側電感藉感應而產生一感應電流；一切換電晶體，且該切換電晶體的汲極連接至該初級側電感的一端，該切換電晶體的源極是經一接地電阻而接地；一脈波寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation，PWM)驅動控制器，係至少具有一切換輸出端及一感測輸入端，其中該切換輸出端連接至該切換電晶體的閘極，該感測輸入端連接至該第一分壓電阻及該第二分壓電阻的串接點，用以接收該串接點所產生的一分壓信號，當作一回授信號；一輸出二極體，且該輸出二極體的一正端連接至該二次側電感的一端，用以傳導該感應電流；以及一輸出電容，且該輸出電容的一端連接至該輸出二極體的一負端，而該輸出電容的一另一端及該二次側電感的一另一 端為接地，該輸出電容係並聯連接至該負載，其中該PWM驅動控制器是依據該回授信號以決定該負載的負載狀態，並依據該負載狀態以產生具一開關頻率的一PWM驅動信號，並傳送至該切換電晶體的閘極，以驅動該切換電晶體，且該負載狀態愈重時，該開關頻率愈高或持平，在該負載狀態為一臨界負載時，該開關頻率為一最大開關頻率，且在該負載的負載狀態大於該臨界負載時，該開關頻率為該最大開關頻率，該臨界負載是在一滿載的75%至100%之間而選定，該最大開關頻率是依據該輸入電壓而改變，且該輸入電壓愈高時，該最大開關頻率愈低或持平。 A dynamic variable frequency power conversion system for converting an input power source having an input voltage into an output power source having an output voltage for supplying power to an external load, the dynamic frequency conversion power conversion system comprising: a power input unit, Filtering the input power source and generating an input filter power supply; a first voltage dividing resistor: a second voltage dividing resistor, serially connecting the first voltage dividing resistor, and one end of the second voltage dividing resistor is Grounding, and one other end of the second voltage dividing resistor is connected to one end of the first voltage dividing resistor; a transformer includes a primary side inductor, a primary side sensing inductor and a secondary side inductor, wherein the primary side inductor The primary side sensing inductor and the secondary side inductor are coupled to each other, and the primary side inductor is connected to the power input unit, one end of the primary side sensing inductor is grounded, and one other end of the primary side sensing inductor is connected To the other end of the first voltage dividing resistor, and the primary side sensing inductor senses a sensing current, and flows through the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor connected in series, the second The inductor generates an induced current by induction; a switching transistor is connected, and a drain of the switching transistor is connected to one end of the primary side inductor, and a source of the switching transistor is grounded via a grounding resistance; a pulse width The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) driving controller has at least one switching output end and a sensing input end, wherein the switching output end is connected to the gate of the switching transistor, and the sensing input end is connected to the a series connection point of the first voltage dividing resistor and the second voltage dividing resistor, for receiving a voltage dividing signal generated by the series contact point, as a feedback signal; an output diode, and the output diode a positive terminal of the body is connected to one end of the secondary side inductor for conducting the induced current; and an output capacitor, and one end of the output capacitor is connected to a negative terminal of the output diode, and the output capacitor is One other end and one other of the secondary side inductance The output terminal is connected to the load in parallel, wherein the PWM driving controller determines the load state of the load according to the feedback signal, and generates a PWM driving signal having a switching frequency according to the load state. And transmitting to the gate of the switching transistor to drive the switching transistor, and the heavier the load state, the higher or flat the switching frequency, when the load state is a critical load, the switching frequency is one The maximum switching frequency, and when the load state of the load is greater than the critical load, the switching frequency is the maximum switching frequency, and the critical load is selected between 75% and 100% of a full load, the maximum switching frequency is based on The input voltage changes, and the higher the input voltage, the lower or flat the maximum switching frequency. 一種動態變頻電源轉換系統，用以將具一輸入電壓的一輸入電源轉換成具一輸出電壓的一輸出電源以供電給外部的一負載，該動態變頻電源轉換系統包括：一電源輸入單元，用以對該輸入電源進行濾波處理，並產生一輸入濾波電源及一分壓電源；一感測單元，係接收該分壓電源，用以產生二感測信號：一變壓器，包括一初級側電感、一初級側感測電感及一二次側電感，其中該初級側電感、該初級側感測電感及該二次側電感係相互耦合，該初級側感測電感感應一感測電流，該二次側電感藉感應而產生一感應電流，該初級側電感連接該電源輸入單元以接收該輸入濾波電源，該初級側感測電感的一端為接地，而該感測單元連接至該初級側感測電感的一另一端，以接收該感測電流；一輸出單元，係連接至該二次側電感，用以提供該輸出電壓；一負載電流偵測單元，係連接至該輸出單元，用以產生對應於該負載之負載電流的一負載電流偵測信號，當作一回授信號；一切換電晶體，且該切換電晶體的汲極連接至該初級側電感的 一端，該切換電晶體的源極是經一接地電阻而接地；以及一PWM驅動控制器，係至少具有一切換輸出端、二感測輸入端及一回授輸入端，該切換輸出端連接至該切換電晶體的閘極，該二感測輸入端分別接收該感測單元的二感測信號，且該回授輸入端接收該負載電流偵測單元的回授信號，其中該PWM驅動控制器是依據該回授信號以決定該負載的負載狀態，並依據該負載狀態以產生具一開關頻率的一PWM驅動信號，並傳送至該切換電晶體的閘極，以驅動該切換電晶體，且該負載狀態愈重時，該開關頻率愈高或持平，在該負載狀態為一臨界負載時，該開關頻率為一最大開關頻率，且在該負載的負載狀態大於該臨界負載時，該開關頻率為該最大開關頻率，該臨界負載是在一滿載的75%至100%之間而選定，該最大開關頻率是依據該輸入電壓而改變，且該輸入電壓愈高時，該最大開關頻率愈低或持平。 A dynamic variable frequency power conversion system for converting an input power source having an input voltage into an output power source having an output voltage for supplying power to an external load, the dynamic frequency conversion power conversion system comprising: a power input unit, Filtering the input power source, and generating an input filter power supply and a voltage dividing power supply; a sensing unit receives the voltage dividing power source for generating two sensing signals: a transformer, including a primary side inductor, a primary side sensing inductor and a secondary side inductor, wherein the primary side inductor, the primary side sensing inductor and the secondary side inductor are coupled to each other, and the primary side sensing inductor induces a sensing current, the second The side inductor generates an induced current by sensing, the primary side inductor is connected to the power input unit to receive the input filter power, one end of the primary side sensing inductor is grounded, and the sensing unit is connected to the primary side sensing inductor One other end to receive the sensing current; an output unit connected to the secondary side inductor for providing the output voltage; a load current detection a unit connected to the output unit for generating a load current detection signal corresponding to the load current of the load as a feedback signal; a switching transistor, and the drain of the switching transistor is connected to the Primary side inductance One end, the source of the switching transistor is grounded via a grounding resistor; and a PWM driving controller has at least one switching output terminal, two sensing input terminals and a feedback input terminal, and the switching output terminal is connected to The switching transistor receives the two sensing signals of the sensing unit, and the feedback input receives the feedback signal of the load current detecting unit, wherein the PWM driving controller Determining a load state of the load according to the feedback signal, and generating a PWM driving signal having a switching frequency according to the load state, and transmitting the signal to the gate of the switching transistor to drive the switching transistor, and The heavier the load state, the higher or flat the switching frequency. When the load state is a critical load, the switching frequency is a maximum switching frequency, and when the load state of the load is greater than the critical load, the switching frequency For the maximum switching frequency, the critical load is selected between 75% and 100% of a full load, the maximum switching frequency is changed according to the input voltage, and the higher the input voltage is, , the lower the maximum switching frequency or flat. 依據申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之動態變頻電源轉換系統，其中該輸入電源為一市電經由一電橋整流後所產生的直流電，且該市電為85V到270V的交流電，而該輸入電源的輸入電壓為AC85V~270V。 The dynamic variable frequency power conversion system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the input power source is a direct current generated by a utility power rectified via a bridge, and the utility power is an alternating current of 85V to 270V, and the power is The input voltage of the input power supply is AC85V~270V. 依據申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之動態變頻電源轉換系統，其中該PWM驅動控制器為一微控制器(MCU)、一中央處理器(CPU)或多個獨立電子元件所構成的電路。 The dynamic variable frequency power conversion system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the PWM drive controller is a microcontroller (MCU), a central processing unit (CPU) or a plurality of independent electronic components. Circuit. 依據申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之動態變頻電源轉換系統，其中該切換電晶體為一金氧半場效電晶體(MOSFET)，而該負載電流偵測單元為一光耦合器或由至少一被動元件構成 的電路而實現，而該至少一被動元件包括電阻、電容。 The dynamic variable frequency power conversion system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the switching transistor is a metal oxide half field effect transistor (MOSFET), and the load current detecting unit is an optical coupler or Composed of at least one passive component The circuit is implemented, and the at least one passive component includes a resistor and a capacitor. 依據申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之動態變頻電源轉換系統，其中該回授信號是與該輸出電壓成線性關係或非線性關係。 The dynamic variable frequency power conversion system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the feedback signal is linear or non-linear with the output voltage. 依據申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之動態變頻電源轉換系統，其中該回授信號與該輸出電壓的關係是利用內建的查表而實現。 The dynamic variable frequency power conversion system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the relationship between the feedback signal and the output voltage is realized by using a built-in look-up table. 依據申請專利範圍第1項或第2項所述之動態變頻電源轉換系統，其中該輸入電壓為90至132V V時，該最大開關頻率為60K至150KHz，而該輸入電壓V2為180至264V，該最大開關頻率為50K至100KHz。 According to the dynamic variable frequency power conversion system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the input voltage is 90 to 132 VV, the maximum switching frequency is 60K to 150 KHz, and the input voltage V2 is 180 to 264V. The maximum switching frequency is 50K to 100KHz. 依據申請專利範圍第2項所述之動態變頻電源轉換系統，其中該感測單元包括一感測電容、一感測二極體、一第一感測電阻及一第二感測電阻，且該感測電容的一端為接地，而該感測電容的一另一端接收該分壓電源，並連接至該感測二極體的負端，該第一感測電阻的一端為接地，該第一感測電阻的一另一端連接至該第二感測電阻的一端，該第二感測電阻的一另一端接收該感測電流，且該二感測信號是分別連接至該感測二極體的負端及正端，該輸出單元包括一輸出二極體、一第一輸出電容、一第二輸出電容及一輸出電感，且該輸出二極體的正端連接至該二次側電感的一端，該輸出二極體的負端連接至該第一輸出電容的一端及該輸出電感的一端，該輸出電感的一另一端連接至該第二輸出電容的一端，該第一輸出電容的一另一端、該第二輸出電容的一另一端及該二次側電感的一另一端為接地，該負載電流偵測單元包括一光耦合元件、一第一偵測電阻、一第二偵測電阻及一矽控制整流器，該光耦合元件包括一 偵測電晶體及一偵測發光二極體，該偵測電晶體的射極為接地，該偵測發光二極體的正端連接至該輸出二極體的負端，且該偵測發光二極體所產生光係照射該偵測電晶體的基極以導通該偵測電晶體，使得該偵測電晶體的集極產生該負載電流偵測信號，該第一偵測電阻的一端連接至該輸出電感的該另一端，第一偵測電阻的一另一端連接至該第二偵測電阻的一端，該第二偵測電阻的一另一端為接地，該矽控制整流器的陽極為接地，該矽控制整流器的陰極連接至該偵測發光二極體的負端，該矽控制整流器的閘極連接至該第一偵測電阻的該另一端，而該負載電流偵測單元為由至少一被動元件構成的電路而實現，且該至少一被動元件包括電阻、電容。 According to the dynamic variable frequency power conversion system of claim 2, the sensing unit includes a sensing capacitor, a sensing diode, a first sensing resistor and a second sensing resistor, and the One end of the sensing capacitor is grounded, and the other end of the sensing capacitor receives the voltage dividing power supply and is connected to the negative terminal of the sensing diode, and one end of the first sensing resistor is grounded, the first One other end of the sensing resistor is connected to one end of the second sensing resistor, and the other end of the second sensing resistor receives the sensing current, and the two sensing signals are respectively connected to the sensing diode The output unit includes an output diode, a first output capacitor, a second output capacitor, and an output inductor, and the positive terminal of the output diode is connected to the secondary side inductor The negative end of the output diode is connected to one end of the first output capacitor and one end of the output inductor, and the other end of the output inductor is connected to one end of the second output capacitor, and the first output capacitor is The other end, the other of the second output capacitor The other end of the second side inductor is grounded. The load current detecting unit includes an optical coupling component, a first detecting resistor, a second detecting resistor and a control rectifier. The optical coupling component includes One Detecting a transistor and detecting a light emitting diode, wherein the detecting transistor is grounded, the positive end of the detecting light emitting diode is connected to the negative end of the output diode, and the detecting light is The light generated by the polar body illuminates the base of the detecting transistor to turn on the detecting transistor, so that the collector of the detecting transistor generates the load current detecting signal, and one end of the first detecting resistor is connected to The other end of the output inductor is connected to one end of the second detecting resistor, and the other end of the second detecting resistor is grounded, and the anode of the 矽 control rectifier is grounded. The cathode of the 矽 control rectifier is connected to the negative end of the detecting illuminating diode, the gate of the 矽 control rectifier is connected to the other end of the first detecting resistor, and the load current detecting unit is at least one The passive component is implemented by a circuit, and the at least one passive component includes a resistor and a capacitor.
TW102104192A 2012-12-05 2013-02-04 Dynamic variable-frequency power conversion system TW201433058A (en)

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