TW201427230A - Power management method and apparatus for battery module of electric vehicle - Google Patents

Power management method and apparatus for battery module of electric vehicle Download PDF

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TW201427230A
TW201427230A TW101150961A TW101150961A TW201427230A TW 201427230 A TW201427230 A TW 201427230A TW 101150961 A TW101150961 A TW 101150961A TW 101150961 A TW101150961 A TW 101150961A TW 201427230 A TW201427230 A TW 201427230A
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battery
charging
voltage
module
string
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TWI462432B (en
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jin-shu Wang
you-bin Jiang
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Tien Yuan Enertek Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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Abstract

A power management method and apparatus for battery module of electric vehicle is disclosed, the method adopting an active hierarchical management method, and the entire battery module being constituted of a mulit-hierarchical distribution power system. In the discharging mode, a mulit-hierarchical discharge management method is adopted; and in the charging mode, an active mulit-stage management method is adopted, that is, the charging mode comprises a pre-charging stage, a fast charging stage and an equal voltage/current charging stage for each battery cell. Accordingly, discharge can be controlled effectively to avoid over-discharge. Besides, since a hierarchical management method is adopted, the charging voltage for the battery module is maintained substantially equal to avoid over-charged and each battery cell can be charged to a substantial equal capacity. Therefore, the charging efficiency can be improved remarkably, and the lifetime of the battery module can be maintained.

Description

電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法及其電源管理裝置 Power management method for electric vehicle battery module and power management device thereof

本發明係關於一種電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法及其電源管理裝置，尤指一種對電動交通載具之電池模組進行充電及放電之管理方法、及其管理裝置。 The invention relates to a power management method for an electric traffic vehicle battery module and a power management device thereof, in particular to a method for managing charging and discharging of a battery module of an electric traffic vehicle, and a management device thereof.

隨著環保意識的抬頭，交通載具也逐漸朝向以油電混合、或純電動的運轉型態。然而，不論是油電混合、或純電動的交通載具，電池管理系統往往在整個載具系統中佔有相當重要的角色。 With the rise of environmental awareness, traffic vehicles are gradually moving toward oil-electric hybrid or purely electric operation. However, whether it is a hybrid electric or electric vehicle, battery management systems often play a very important role in the entire vehicle system.

由於目前所有交通載具的電池管理系統(Battery Management System，簡稱BMS)都採取被動或主動式均壓均流管理模式，但是由於鋰電池的特性，其無法達成預期的充放電效果，導致電池的壽命減短。此外，習知電池管理系統多採用單段或二段式充電，而電池無法完全充飽，造成放電後電池芯電量與電壓不均勻，導致單顆放電過深或溫度過高，衍生熱延展(heat propagation)，而導致電池早衰，甚至發生電池***危險。另外，目前交通載具的電池管理系統多半不是採用分散式控制系統DCS(Distributed Control System)，一旦有某一電池芯、或電池組毀損，將發生連鎖反應，加速造成整個電池模組損壞。 Since the battery management system (BMS) of all current traffic carriers adopts passive or active voltage equalization current sharing management mode, due to the characteristics of the lithium battery, it cannot achieve the expected charging and discharging effect, resulting in the battery. Life expectancy is reduced. In addition, the conventional battery management system mostly uses single-stage or two-stage charging, and the battery cannot be fully charged, resulting in uneven battery cell power and voltage after discharge, resulting in a single discharge too deep or too high temperature, and derivative heat extension ( Heat propagation), leading to premature battery failure, and even battery explosion hazard. In addition, most of the current battery management systems for traffic vehicles do not use the distributed control system DCS (Distributed Control System). Once a battery core or battery pack is damaged, a chain reaction will occur, which will accelerate the damage of the entire battery module.

美國專利公開第2009/0066291號揭露了一種分散式能量儲存控制系統，其主要係由多個BMS電池組、串併聯系統控制器、及一SESCS系統主控制器所組成。然而 ，此一專利文獻僅是將透過多階層的控制器群組來達成分散式控制，而所有的電池組仍維持傳統串並聯的配接方式，並沒有對電池組的各組成進行分散式管理進行。再者，此一專利文獻的充電控制係為二段式充電，即先以大電流對所有串連一起的BMS電池組充電，待某一BMS電池組即將充飽時，針對該BMS電池組以小電流續充。然而，這樣二階段的充電方式，仍然無法確保每一電池芯是否充飽，甚至有可能導致其中某些電池芯過充的情形。 U.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0066291 discloses a decentralized energy storage control system which is mainly composed of a plurality of BMS battery packs, a series-parallel system controller, and a SESCS system main controller. however This patent document only achieves distributed control through a multi-level controller group, and all battery packs still maintain the traditional series-parallel connection mode, and do not perform distributed management on the battery pack components. . Furthermore, the charging control of this patent document is a two-stage charging, that is, charging all the BMS battery packs connected in series with a large current, and when a BMS battery pack is about to be fully charged, for the BMS battery pack, Small current recharge. However, such a two-stage charging method still cannot ensure that each battery cell is full, and may even cause some of the battery cells to overcharge.

另外，世界智慧財產權組織專利申請案第WO 2011/126909號公開了一種管理多芯電池之方法及裝置及台灣專利M414755也揭露一種電池組主動式電位等化充電系統，其主要包括一高電壓充電器、以及個別充電器的群組。其中，先以高電壓充電器對已串併連接之電池模組進行充電(第一階段充電)，當達一預定電壓或者判斷電池芯的電量後，再以個別充電器對每一電池芯充電(第二階段充電)。雖然，前述二階段的充電方式已為習知應用於單顆電池芯或串併相連接的電池模組，但習知的技術在第一階段充電時，係採用全串充電，當有任一電池芯故障時會形成該電池芯過充或過熱現象，尤其在串聯很多的電池組上採用整串的充電，其欠缺階層式的控制會造成部份串組的過電壓或過電流充電，影響安全或電池組的壽命。另外，在第二階段充電時，係使每一電池芯進行等化充電，此會造成假性充飽現象。而且，此等先前技術揭示的方法與裝置，在電池組反覆充放 電後仍有電池芯不均的現象產生，導致影響儲電量或安全。 In addition, the World Intellectual Property Organization Patent Application No. WO 2011/126909 discloses a method and a device for managing a multi-core battery, and Taiwan Patent No. M414755 also discloses a battery pack active potential equalization charging system, which mainly includes a high voltage charging. And the group of individual chargers. Among them, the battery module that has been serially connected and connected is first charged with a high voltage charger (first stage charging), and when a predetermined voltage is reached or the battery core is judged, each battery core is charged by an individual charger. (Second stage charging). Although the foregoing two-stage charging method has been conventionally applied to a single battery cell or a serially connected battery module, the conventional technology uses full-string charging when charging in the first stage, when any When the battery core fails, the battery core will be overcharged or overheated, especially in a series of battery packs, which use a whole series of charging. The lack of hierarchical control will cause overvoltage or overcurrent charging of some series. Safety or battery life. In addition, in the second stage of charging, each battery cell is subjected to equalization charging, which causes a pseudo-filling phenomenon. Moreover, the methods and apparatus disclosed in the prior art repeatedly charge and discharge the battery pack There is still a phenomenon that the battery core is uneven after the electricity, which affects the storage capacity or safety.

因此發展具有主動式多階層的分散式電源管理方法及管理系統，以改善習知技術的缺點，並改善電池模組在放電時的監控方式、及改善電池模組在充電時的充電管理模式方式，使電池模組在分階層的放電控制與分階段充電方式下，進而電池模組不會過度充電且使每個電池芯都能充飽，以應用在電動載具上，更而達到安全、均勻放電與充電、增強使用壽命，將為產業上的迫切需求。 Therefore, an active multi-level distributed power management method and management system are developed to improve the shortcomings of the prior art, improve the monitoring mode of the battery module during discharge, and improve the charging management mode of the battery module during charging. In the sub-level discharge control and phased charging mode, the battery module is not overcharged and the battery cells can be fully charged to be applied to the electric vehicle, thereby achieving safety, Uniform discharge and charging, and enhanced service life will be an urgent need in the industry.

本發明之主要目的係在提供一種電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，而採用多階層的放電管理手段及主動式多階段的充電管理手段，使整個電池模組與電源管理系統構成為一主動式多階層的分散式電源系統。據此，在放電管理模式，本發明可有效控制整個輸出電壓、及輸出電流維持在一穩定狀態(相對於固定的負載)，而且電池模組不會過度放電，藉此可大幅提高放電穩定度、及效率，且電池的使用壽命更可顯著提高。另一方面，在充電管理模式，本發明可進行階層化控制每一電池組、每一電池串組、每一電池串、甚至每一電池芯充電後可維持大致相等的電壓，而且也不會有過度充電的情形發生，故可大幅提高充電效率、均一的儲電量以及維持電池的使用壽命。 The main object of the present invention is to provide a power management method for an electric vehicle battery module, and a multi-level discharge management method and an active multi-stage charging management method, so that the entire battery module and the power management system are configured as An active multi-level distributed power system. Accordingly, in the discharge management mode, the present invention can effectively control the entire output voltage, and the output current is maintained in a stable state (relative to a fixed load), and the battery module is not over-discharged, thereby greatly improving discharge stability. And efficiency, and the battery life can be significantly improved. On the other hand, in the charge management mode, the present invention can perform hierarchical control to maintain approximately equal voltages after charging each battery pack, each battery string group, each battery string, and even each battery cell, and will not Overcharging can occur, which can greatly improve charging efficiency, uniform storage and maintain battery life.

另外，本發明又採取了多階段式充電管理模式，即 第一階段為預充階段，即以電池組進行預充，使電池芯能充電活化；第二階段為快充階段，即以電池組進行快速充電；以及進行第三階段，而第三階段即以相同電壓與小電流對每顆電池芯均壓均流充電。因此，本發明可顯著提高充電效率，並且可確保至每一電池芯的電量維持飽和狀態，而又不會過度充電，故可大幅提昇電池的使用壽命。 In addition, the present invention adopts a multi-stage charging management mode, that is, The first stage is the pre-charging stage, that is, the battery pack is pre-charged to enable the battery cell to be charged and activated; the second stage is the fast charge phase, that is, the battery pack is rapidly charged; and the third stage is performed, and the third stage is Each cell is uniformly charged and charged with the same voltage and a small current. Therefore, the present invention can significantly improve the charging efficiency, and can ensure that the electric power to each battery cell is maintained in a saturated state without excessively charging, so that the life of the battery can be greatly improved.

為達成上述目的，本發明提供一種電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中電動交通載具包括一電池模組、及一電源管理裝置，電源管理方法用以管理電池模組之放電與充電；電源管理裝置電性連接電池模組、連接可插拔的一充電電源及一負載；電池模組係由複數個併聯的電池組所構成，電池組係由一個或複數個串聯電池串組所構成，電池串組係由一個或複數個併聯電池串所構成，電池串係由複數個串聯的一電池芯所構成；電動交通載具電池組電源管理方法包括一放電管理程序、及一充電管理程序；其中，放電管理程序包括以下步驟：首先，進行步驟(Sd1)，判斷電源管理裝置是否有充電電源輸入，若有則切斷電源管理裝置之一電源輸出端，若無則進行下一步驟；接著，步驟(Sd2)判斷電源輸出端、及每一電池組之電池組輸出端之電壓是否低於一第一下限電壓，若有則切斷電源輸出端之電源輸出或對應的電池組之電池組輸出端之電源輸出，若無則進行下一步驟；再者，步驟(Sd3)，由電源管理裝置將電源經由電源輸出端輸出至負 載；最後，步驟(Sd4)，判斷電源輸出端、及每一電池組之電池組輸出端之電壓是否低於一第二下限電壓，若有則發出一電量耗盡警告訊號；並判斷電源輸出端之電壓是否低於一第三下限電壓高於第二下限電壓，若有則發出一低電壓警告訊號。 To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a power management method for an electric vehicle battery module, wherein the electric vehicle includes a battery module and a power management device, and the power management method is used to manage the discharge of the battery module. Charging; the power management device is electrically connected to the battery module, and the pluggable charging power source and a load are connected; the battery module is composed of a plurality of parallel battery packs, and the battery pack is composed of one or a plurality of series battery strings. The battery string group is composed of one or a plurality of parallel battery strings, and the battery string is composed of a plurality of battery cells connected in series; the electric traffic carrier battery pack power management method includes a discharge management program, and a charging The management program includes the following steps: First, the step (Sd1) is performed to determine whether the power management device has a charging power input, and if so, the power output of one of the power management devices is turned off, and if not, the next power is performed. Step; then, step (Sd2) determines whether the voltage at the output end of the power supply and the output of the battery pack of each battery pack is lower than one a lower limit voltage, if any, cut off the power output of the power output or the power output of the battery output of the corresponding battery pack, if not, proceed to the next step; further, the step (Sd3), by the power management device Power is output to the negative via the power output Finally, in step (Sd4), it is determined whether the voltage at the output end of the power supply and the output of the battery pack of each battery pack is lower than a second lower limit voltage, and if so, a power-depletion warning signal is issued; and the power output is judged. Whether the voltage of the terminal is lower than a third lower limit voltage is higher than the second lower limit voltage, and if so, a low voltage warning signal is issued.

另外，充電管理程序包括以下步驟：首先，步驟(Sc1)，判斷電源管理裝置是否有充電電源輸入，若有則切斷電源管理裝置之電源輸出端；再者，步驟(Sc2)，若無則判斷每一電池組輸入端的電壓是否高於一第一充電電壓，若有則切斷充電電源進入電池模組對應之電池組，若無則連接對應之電池組進行下一步驟，亦即預充階段，在預充階段係以小電流對各電池組進行充電，使電池芯充電活化；而且，步驟(Sc3)，連接充電電源與各電池組進行預充電，並偵測各電池芯之電壓是否高於一第二充電電壓、或預充電超過一預充時間，若任一電池芯電壓高於第二充電電壓、或已預充電超過預充時間中任一者，則對於對應的電池組停止充電；並且，步驟(Sc4)，延遲一預定時間後，重覆上述步驟(Sc3)一次，偵測各電池芯之電壓是否高於第二充電電壓或已預充電超過預充時間，若高於第二充電電壓或已預充電超過預充時間中任一者則進行下一步驟，亦即快充階段；若任一電池芯之電壓低於第二充電電壓，及該電池芯無法進行充電活化應為故障或異常，則切斷充電電源進入對應的電池組並發出對應電池組之電池充電異常警告訊號；再且，步驟(Sc5)，連接充電電源與各電池組進行快充電，並偵測各 電池芯之電壓是否高於一第三充電電壓，任一個電池芯之電壓高於該第三充電電壓，則對於對應電池芯之電池組停止充電，進入下一步驟，亦即進入均壓均流充電階段；最後，步驟(Sc6)，切斷各電池串之併聯連接，對每一電池芯進行均壓均流充電，直到充電電源被移除。 In addition, the charging management program includes the following steps: First, the step (Sc1) determines whether the power management device has a charging power input, and if so, turns off the power output of the power management device; further, the step (Sc2), if not Determining whether the voltage at the input end of each battery pack is higher than a first charging voltage, and if so, cutting off the charging power source into the battery pack corresponding to the battery module, if not, connecting the corresponding battery pack to the next step, that is, pre-charging In the pre-charging stage, the battery packs are charged with a small current to charge and activate the battery cells; and, in step (Sc3), the charging power source is connected to each battery pack for pre-charging, and the voltage of each battery cell is detected. Above a second charging voltage, or pre-charging exceeding a pre-charging time, if any of the battery core voltages is higher than the second charging voltage, or the pre-charging exceeds any of the pre-charging times, stopping for the corresponding battery pack Charging; and, step (Sc4), after delaying for a predetermined time, repeating the above step (Sc3) once, detecting whether the voltage of each battery cell is higher than the second charging voltage or pre-charging exceeds pre-charging time If the voltage is higher than the second charging voltage or the pre-charging time exceeds the pre-charging time, the next step is performed, that is, the fast charging phase; if the voltage of any of the battery cells is lower than the second charging voltage, and the battery If the core cannot be charged and activated, it should be faulty or abnormal. Then cut off the charging power supply and enter the corresponding battery pack and issue the battery charging abnormal warning signal corresponding to the battery pack. Then, in step (Sc5), connect the charging power supply to each battery pack. Charge and detect each Whether the voltage of the battery core is higher than a third charging voltage, and the voltage of any one of the battery cores is higher than the third charging voltage, then the battery pack corresponding to the battery core stops charging, and proceeds to the next step, that is, enters the equalizing current sharing In the charging phase; finally, in step (Sc6), the parallel connection of each battery string is cut off, and each battery cell is subjected to voltage equalization and current sharing until the charging power source is removed.

較佳的是，於上述步驟(Sd2)中可進一步判斷各電池串組、各電池串及各該電池芯至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第一上限溫度，若有則切斷對應之電池組之電源輸出，若無則進行該步驟(Sd3)。據此，本發明除了透過電壓檢測來進行放電控制外，又可進一步監控放電溫度，當溫度超過預定值便隨即終止輸出，以避免溫度過高而導致電池模組毀損、甚至***發生危險。 Preferably, in the above step (Sd2), it can be further determined whether the temperature of at least one of each battery string group, each battery string, and each of the battery cells is higher than a first upper limit temperature, and if so, the corresponding one is cut off. The power output of the battery pack, if not, proceed to this step (Sd3). Accordingly, in addition to performing discharge control by voltage detection, the present invention can further monitor the discharge temperature, and then terminate the output when the temperature exceeds a predetermined value, so as to avoid damage to the battery module and even explosion due to excessive temperature.

再者，於本發明之步驟(Sd4)中，其進一步判斷每一電池串組之電壓是否低於第二下限電壓之平均分壓值，若是則切斷對應的電池組之電源輸出；其中，第二下限電壓之平均分壓值為第二下限電壓值除以電池組中串聯的電池串組的數量。並且，於步驟(Sd4)中，其進一步判斷每一電池串組之電壓是否低於一第三下限電壓之平均分壓值而高於第二下限電壓之平均分壓值，若有則發出低電壓警告訊號；其中，第三下限電壓之平均分壓值為第三下限電壓值除以電池組中串聯的電池串組的數量。據此，本發明當輸出電壓低於一預定值時，可先發出警告；而當電量低於另一更低的預定值時，隨即控制關閉電源輸出，以避免過度放電並確保電池的使用壽命。 Furthermore, in the step (Sd4) of the present invention, it is further determined whether the voltage of each battery string group is lower than the average voltage dividing value of the second lower limit voltage, and if so, the power output of the corresponding battery pack is cut off; The average divided voltage of the second lower limit voltage is the second lower limit voltage value divided by the number of battery strings connected in series in the battery pack. Moreover, in step (Sd4), it is further determined whether the voltage of each battery string group is lower than an average voltage dividing value of a third lower limit voltage and higher than an average voltage dividing value of the second lower limit voltage, and if so, is issued low The voltage warning signal; wherein the average voltage dividing value of the third lower limit voltage is a third lower limit voltage value divided by the number of battery strings connected in series in the battery pack. Accordingly, the present invention can issue a warning first when the output voltage is lower than a predetermined value, and then turn off the power output when the power is lower than another lower predetermined value to avoid excessive discharge and ensure battery life. .

又，於本發明之步驟(Sd4)中，可進一步判斷每一電 池組之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度，若是則發出高溫警告訊號；並進一步判斷各電池組、各電池串組、及各電池串中至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第一上限溫度，若是則分別切斷對應的電池組、對應的電池串組之電源輸出；其中，第一上限溫度高於第二上限溫度之範圍為3度至10度間。據此，本發明當放電溫度高於一預定值時，即可先發出警告進行通報；而當電量高於另一溫度更高的預定值時，隨即控制關閉電源輸出，以確保電池組的使用壽命，並避免放電過高導致電池毀損，或甚至***發生危險。 Moreover, in the step (Sd4) of the present invention, each electric power can be further judged Whether the temperature of the pool group is higher than a second upper limit temperature, if yes, issuing a high temperature warning signal; and further determining whether the temperature of at least one of each battery group, each battery string group, and each battery string is higher than a first upper limit The temperature, if yes, respectively cuts off the power output of the corresponding battery pack and the corresponding battery string group; wherein, the first upper limit temperature is higher than the second upper limit temperature range from 3 degrees to 10 degrees. Accordingly, according to the present invention, when the discharge temperature is higher than a predetermined value, a warning can be issued for notification; and when the power is higher than a predetermined value higher than the other temperature, the power output is controlled to be closed to ensure the use of the battery pack. Lifetime and avoiding excessive discharge can cause damage to the battery, or even an explosion.

並且，本發明放電管理程序之步驟(Sd4)後更包括一步驟(Sd5)，即儲存電源輸出端之電壓數值，且可進一步儲存電池模組、每一電池組、每一電池串組、每一電池串及每一電池芯之電壓數值；並進一步儲存每一電池串組、每一電池串及每一電池芯之溫度數值。據此，本發明可完整記錄整個電池模組放電與充電之運作狀態，包括電壓、及溫度等數值，以備供分析或診斷異常之用。 Moreover, the step (Sd4) of the discharge management program of the present invention further comprises a step (Sd5) of storing the voltage value of the power output terminal, and further storing the battery module, each battery pack, each battery string group, and each a battery string and a voltage value of each battery cell; and further storing the temperature values of each battery string group, each battery string, and each battery core. Accordingly, the present invention can completely record the operating state of the entire battery module discharge and charging, including voltage, temperature and other values, for analysis or diagnostic abnormality.

此外，本發明之步驟(Sc3)中，可進一步偵測各電池串組之電壓是否高於第四充電電壓，若高於第四充電電壓則對於對應的電池組停止充電。據此，本發明除了可偵測電池組之電壓是否高於預定之上限外，亦可直接偵測各電池串組之電壓，而當其中一電池串組電壓超出預定電壓時，隨即關閉整組電池組之充電輸入，以保護每一電池串組，避免過充之情形發生。另外，本發明可偵測各電池串組、各電池串、各電池芯中至少任一者之溫 度是否高於一第二上限溫度，若高於第二上限溫度則對應的電池組或電池串組停止充電。據此，本發明可進一步監控每一電池串組、、每一電池串或甚至每一電池芯之溫度，當溫度過高時，則隨即關閉溫度過高之電池串組所對應的電池組或溫度過高之電池串所對應的電池串組。 In addition, in the step (Sc3) of the present invention, it is further possible to detect whether the voltage of each battery string group is higher than the fourth charging voltage, and if it is higher than the fourth charging voltage, stop charging for the corresponding battery pack. Accordingly, in addition to detecting whether the voltage of the battery pack is higher than a predetermined upper limit, the present invention can directly detect the voltage of each battery string group, and when one of the battery string voltages exceeds a predetermined voltage, the entire group is turned off. The charging input of the battery pack protects each battery string group from overcharging. In addition, the present invention can detect the temperature of at least one of each battery string group, each battery string, and each battery core. Whether the degree is higher than a second upper limit temperature, and if it is higher than the second upper limit temperature, the corresponding battery pack or battery string group stops charging. Accordingly, the present invention can further monitor the temperature of each battery string, each battery string or even each battery core. When the temperature is too high, the battery pack corresponding to the battery string group with excessive temperature is turned off or The battery string group corresponding to the battery string whose temperature is too high.

另外，於本發明步驟(Sc4)中，進一步偵測各電池串組之電壓是否高於第四充電電壓，若是則進行步驟(Sc5)之快充階段，若否則切斷充電電源進入電池組並發出電池充電異常警告訊號。據此，本發明之步驟(Sc4)除了可以偵測各電池組之電壓外，也可以進一步偵測各電池串組之電壓，便可更精準得知那一電池串組、那一電池串發生異常，以利進行檢修、維護。此外，於本發明步驟(Sc4)中，亦可一併偵測各電池串組、各電池串及各電池芯中至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度，若高於第二上限溫度則對於對應的電池組停止充電並發出電池充電異常警告訊號。據此，於本發明步驟(Sc4)中，可以針對各電池芯、各電池串組或各電池串發生高溫情況時，隨即停止充電並發出警告。 In addition, in the step (Sc4) of the present invention, it is further detected whether the voltage of each battery string group is higher than the fourth charging voltage, and if so, the fast charging phase of step (Sc5) is performed, if otherwise, the charging power source is cut off and enters the battery pack. A battery charging abnormal warning signal is issued. Accordingly, the step (Sc4) of the present invention can detect the voltage of each battery pack in addition to the voltage of each battery pack, so that the battery string group and the battery string can be more accurately known. Abnormal, in order to facilitate maintenance, maintenance. In addition, in the step (Sc4) of the present invention, it is also possible to detect whether the temperature of at least one of each battery string group, each battery string and each battery core is higher than a second upper limit temperature, if higher than the second The upper limit temperature stops charging for the corresponding battery pack and issues a battery charging abnormal warning signal. Accordingly, in the step (Sc4) of the present invention, when a high temperature condition occurs for each battery cell, each battery string group, or each battery string, charging is stopped and a warning is issued.

而且，於本發明步驟(Sc5)中，可進一步偵測各電池串組、各電池串及各電池芯中至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度，若高於第二上限溫度則對應的電池組停止充電。據此，在步驟(Sc5)的快充階段中，如果有溫度發生異常時，將自動停止充電。此外，於本發明步驟(Sc6)中，均壓均流充電之充電電流可為電池芯標稱容 量之0.1C以下，對於後列的實施例係以0.05C為充電電流；更進一步，當任一電池芯之電壓高於該第三充電電壓時，將對應於該電池芯之均壓均流充電的充電電流降為該電池芯標稱容量之0.01C以下，直到充電電源被移除；此即為進一步包含第四個充電階段，稱為浮動充電，可藉由小電流以涓流方式浮動的補足電池芯的電量。 Moreover, in the step (Sc5) of the present invention, it is further possible to detect whether the temperature of at least one of each battery string group, each battery string and each battery cell is higher than a second upper limit temperature, and if the temperature is higher than the second upper limit temperature Then the corresponding battery pack stops charging. According to this, in the fast charge phase of the step (Sc5), if there is an abnormality in the temperature, the charging is automatically stopped. In addition, in the step (Sc6) of the present invention, the charging current of the equalizing current sharing charging may be the nominal capacity of the battery core. The amount is below 0.1C, and the charging current is 0.05C for the following embodiment; further, when the voltage of any of the battery cells is higher than the third charging voltage, the voltage equalizing current sharing corresponding to the battery core is charged. The charging current drops below 0.01C of the nominal capacity of the battery until the charging power source is removed; this further includes a fourth charging phase, called floating charging, which can be floated by a small current in a turbulent manner. Make up the battery core's power.

又，本發明之放電管理程序之步驟(Sc6)後可更包括一步驟(Sc7)，即儲存每一電池組、每一電池串組、每一電池串、及每一電池芯中至少其一或其組合之電壓數值，以及可進一步儲存每一電池串組、每一電池串及每一電池芯之溫度數值。據此，本發明可完整記錄整個電池模組之充電運作狀態，包括紀錄各階段之電壓、及溫度等數值，以備供分析或診斷異常之用。 Moreover, the step (Sc6) of the discharge management program of the present invention may further comprise a step (Sc7) of storing at least one of each battery pack, each battery string group, each battery string, and each battery core. The voltage value of the combination or combination thereof, and the temperature value of each battery string group, each battery string, and each battery core can be further stored. Accordingly, the present invention can completely record the charging operation state of the entire battery module, including recording the voltage and temperature values of each stage for analysis or diagnosis of abnormalities.

更且，本發明於放電管理程序及充電管理程序所儲存之數據、切斷電源輸出狀況、停止充電狀況及各警告訊號可藉由一控制器區域網路(Controller Area Network，CAN)進行傳輸。亦即，本發明可利用交通載具本身所具備之控制器區域網路來進行資料的傳輸。 Moreover, the data stored in the discharge management program and the charge management program, the power-off output status, the stop charging status, and the warning signals of the present invention can be transmitted by a controller area network (CAN). That is, the present invention can utilize the controller area network provided by the traffic vehicle itself to transmit data.

為達成前揭目的，本發明另外提供一種電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置，係用以管理一電動交通載具之一電池模組之放電與充電；電源管理裝置電性連接電池模組、連接可插拔的一負載及一充電電源；電池模組係由複數個併聯的電池組所構成，電池組係由複數個串聯電池串組所構成，電池串組係由一個或複數個併聯電池串所構成，電池串係由複數個串聯的電池芯所構成 。電源管理裝置主要包括一主控制器、複數電池組控制模組、複數電池串組控制模組、一充電控制電路、及一放電控制電路，而複數電池組控制模組分別對應於各電池組，複數電池串組控制模組分別對應於各電池串組。其中主控制器，用以監控充電控制電路及放電控制電路；各電池組控制模組電性連接至該充電控制電路、該放電控制電路及各該電池串組控制模組，用以控制對應之電池組之充電與放電；電池串組控制模組用以控制對應之該電池串組之充電與放電；該放電控制電路連接至電動交通載具之負載，用以控制各該電池組控制模組對該負載放電。 In order to achieve the foregoing, the present invention further provides a power management device for an electric vehicle battery module, which is used for managing discharge and charging of a battery module of an electric traffic vehicle; and the power management device is electrically connected to the battery module. The group is connected with a pluggable load and a charging power source; the battery module is composed of a plurality of parallel battery packs, and the battery pack is composed of a plurality of series battery strings, and the battery string group is composed of one or more Parallel battery string, the battery string is composed of a plurality of battery cells connected in series . The power management device mainly includes a main controller, a plurality of battery pack control modules, a plurality of battery string control modules, a charging control circuit, and a discharge control circuit, and the plurality of battery pack control modules respectively correspond to the battery packs. The plurality of battery string control modules respectively correspond to the battery string groups. The main controller is configured to monitor the charging control circuit and the discharge control circuit; each battery pack control module is electrically connected to the charging control circuit, the discharge control circuit and each of the battery string control modules for controlling corresponding Charging and discharging of the battery pack; the battery string control module is configured to control charging and discharging of the corresponding battery string; the discharge control circuit is connected to the load of the electric traffic carrier for controlling each battery pack control module Discharge the load.

其中，放電控制電路包括連接於主控制器之一電池模組輸出開關器，而電池模組輸出開關器用以控制電池模組之電源輸出至負載；每一電池串組控制模組包括一電池串組開關器、及一電壓偵測模組，而電壓偵測模組用以偵測電池串組、電池串、及電池芯之電壓中至少其一；且電池串組開關器電性連接於對應之電池串組輸出端、及電池組控制模組，用以控制電池串組之電源輸出或輸入；每一電池組控制模組包括一電池組開關器、及一次控制器，而次控制器電性連接電池組開關器，用以控制電池串組之電源輸出或輸入。 The discharge control circuit includes a battery module output switch connected to the main controller, and the battery module output switch is used to control the power output of the battery module to the load; each battery string control module includes a battery string a switch and a voltage detecting module, wherein the voltage detecting module is configured to detect at least one of a voltage of the battery string, the battery string, and the battery core; and the battery string switch is electrically connected to the corresponding The battery string output terminal and the battery pack control module are used for controlling the power output or input of the battery string group; each battery pack control module includes a battery pack switch and a primary controller, and the secondary controller is electrically A battery pack switch is connected to control the power output or input of the battery string.

其中，充電控制電路包括對應於各電池組之一電池模組輸入開關器、一電池組充電模組、以及對應於各電池芯之一電池芯均壓充電模組；電池模組輸入開關器係用以控制電池模組之充電電源輸入；各電池組充電模組 電性連接於對應之電池組，並用以對電池組進行充電控制；電池芯均壓充電模組電性連接於對應之每一電池芯，並用以對電池芯進行充電控制。 The charging control circuit includes a battery module input switch corresponding to each battery pack, a battery pack charging module, and a battery core equalizing charging module corresponding to each battery core; the battery module input switch system Used to control the charging power input of the battery module; each battery pack charging module Electrically connected to the corresponding battery pack and used for charging control of the battery pack; the battery core equalization charging module is electrically connected to each corresponding battery core, and is used for charging control of the battery core.

較佳的是，本發明之主控制及各次控制器包含有前述放電與充電方法的邏輯控制軟體程式，係用以執行如前所述之電動交通載具電池組電源管理方法。而且，本發明之放電控制電路控制電動交通載具電池模組輸出電壓最高為VRU=VnU×Ns×Nk，輸出電壓最低為VRL=VnL×Ns×Nk，其中VnU=(Vf-Ve)+V0，VnL=-(Vf-Ve)+V0，Ns為電池串之電池芯之數量，Nk為電池組之電池串組之數量，VnU為每一電池芯控制輸出最高電壓，Vn為電池芯之標稱電壓，Vf為電池芯之完全充飽可放電之最高電壓，Ve為電池芯之安全放電最低電壓，VnL為每一電池芯控制輸出最低電壓，V0滿足下列條件； Preferably, the main control and each controller of the present invention includes a logic control software program of the foregoing discharge and charging method for performing the power management method of the electric traffic carrier battery pack as described above. Moreover, the discharge control circuit of the present invention controls the output voltage of the electric traffic vehicle battery module to be at most V RU = V nU × N s × N k , and the output voltage is at least V RL = V nL × N s × N k , wherein V nU = (V f - Ve) + V 0 , V nL = - (V f - Ve) + V 0 , N s is the number of battery cells of the battery string, and N k is the number of battery strings of the battery pack, V nU controls the output voltage of each cell, V n is the nominal voltage of the cell, V f is the highest voltage that the cell is fully charged and dischargeable, V e is the safe discharge minimum voltage of the cell, V nL is Each cell control outputs a minimum voltage, and V 0 satisfies the following conditions;

再者，本發明各電池串組控制模組可進一步包含一溫度偵測模組，其用以偵測電池串組溫度、及電池串溫度中至少其一。據此，本發明可利用溫度偵測模組對電池串組、電池串、電池芯進行溫度監控。另外，本發明之電源管理裝置可進一步包含一顯示裝置，其電性連接主控制器、及各次控制器，並用以顯示電池模組、各電池組、各電池串組、各電池串、及各電池芯中至少其之一或其組合的現況狀態或分析結果之一或其組合。當然，顯示裝置可以是獨立的顯示單元，亦或是直接整合於 載具的顯示儀表內。 Furthermore, each battery string control module of the present invention may further include a temperature detecting module for detecting at least one of a battery string temperature and a battery string temperature. Accordingly, the present invention can utilize the temperature detecting module to perform temperature monitoring on the battery string, the battery string, and the battery core. In addition, the power management device of the present invention may further include a display device electrically connected to the main controller and each of the controllers, and configured to display the battery module, each battery pack, each battery string group, each battery string, and One or a combination of the current state or analysis results of at least one of the battery cells or a combination thereof. Of course, the display device can be a stand-alone display unit or directly integrated in The display of the vehicle is inside the instrument.

另外，本發明之電源管理裝置可進一步包括一記錄模組，其係電性連接控制器、及各次控制器，並用以儲存電池模組、各電池組、各電池串組、各電池串、及各電池芯中至少其之一或其組合的現況狀態或分析結果之一或其組合之數據。然而，本發明之記錄模組可為EPROM、EEPROM、FLASH等記憶體、記憶卡(memory card)、或硬碟等皆可。 In addition, the power management device of the present invention may further include a recording module electrically connected to the controller and each controller, and configured to store the battery module, each battery pack, each battery string group, each battery string, And data of one or a combination of the status or analysis results of at least one of the battery cells or a combination thereof. However, the recording module of the present invention may be a memory such as an EPROM, an EEPROM, or a FLASH, a memory card, or a hard disk.

其中，本發明之各電池串組控制模組、各電池組控制模組、充電控制電路、及放電控制電路中至少其一設有一控制器區域網路匯流排，而電壓偵測模組、及溫度偵測模組將所偵測到的數據及分析數據，透過控制器區域網路匯流排進行傳輸。據此，本發明可以透過一般車輛載具常用的通訊介面控制器區域網路匯流排(Controller Area Network Bus)，即簡稱CANBus，來進行資料的傳輸，其不僅穩定，且因不用另外建構獨立的傳輸介面而可有效降低成本，更重要的是容易與整個電動載具的資訊系統整合。 Wherein at least one of the battery string control module, each battery control module, the charging control circuit, and the discharge control circuit of the present invention is provided with a controller area network bus, and the voltage detecting module, and The temperature detection module transmits the detected data and the analysis data through the controller area network bus. Accordingly, the present invention can transmit data through the Controller Area Network Bus, which is commonly used in general vehicle carriers, which is referred to as CANBus, which is not only stable but also does not need to be constructed separately. The transmission interface can effectively reduce costs, and more importantly, it is easy to integrate with the information system of the entire electric vehicle.

又，本發明之各溫度偵測模組、各電壓偵測模組、及各控制器區域網路匯流排中至少其一設有一隔離電路，用以隔離控制器區域網路匯流排、主控制器、次控制器、電池模組、電池串組之電壓、電池串之電壓、溫度偵測模組、及電壓偵測模組中至少其一，以避免電源電磁輻射(EMI)干擾。據此，本發明可以透過隔離電路有效消除因大電壓大電流所產生之電源電磁輻射，以避免干 擾資料的傳輸。 Moreover, at least one of the temperature detecting modules, the voltage detecting modules, and the controller area network bus bars of the present invention is provided with an isolating circuit for isolating the controller area network bus bar and the main control. At least one of the voltage of the device, the secondary controller, the battery module, the battery string, the voltage of the battery string, the temperature detecting module, and the voltage detecting module to avoid electromagnetic radiation (EMI) interference of the power source. Accordingly, the present invention can effectively eliminate the electromagnetic radiation of the power source generated by the large voltage and large current through the isolation circuit to avoid drying. Disturbance of data transmission.

本發明可適用於各種電動交通載具的電源管理，其中包括一般電動車、電動公車、及遊艇等，以下將以需要大電壓、大電流輸出之電動公車為例進行說明。然而，為因應不同的電動交通載具所需的額定電壓、及額定電流不同，本發明僅需簡易地變更電池模組之組成，包括各電池芯、各電池串、各電池串組、及各電池組等各組成的數量或串併聯關係。 The present invention can be applied to power management of various electric vehicle carriers, including general electric vehicles, electric buses, and yachts. The following describes an electric bus that requires a large voltage and a large current output as an example. However, in order to respond to different rated voltages and rated currents required for different electric vehicle carriers, the present invention only needs to easily change the composition of the battery module, including each battery cell, each battery string, each battery string group, and each The number or series-parallel relationship of each component such as a battery pack.

首先，請同時參閱圖1、及圖2，圖1係本發明電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置一較佳實施例之主要系統架構圖，圖2係本發明電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置一第一實施例之電池模組的示意圖，係用於大型電動車。如圖1中所示，電源管理裝置1電性連接電池模組2，並連接一負載3及一充電電源4，在本例中負載3為一電動馬達，而其所需的額定電壓及額定電流分別為650伏特及320安培。另外，本例之充電電源4係為一充電站，其供應650伏特及120安培之電源，當然此一充電電源4可為一可供插拔之充電插座或插頭。 First, please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 simultaneously. FIG. 1 is a main system architecture diagram of a power management device of a battery pack for an electric vehicle of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a battery model of the electric vehicle of the present invention. The power management device of the group is a schematic view of a battery module of the first embodiment, which is used for a large electric vehicle. As shown in FIG. 1, the power management device 1 is electrically connected to the battery module 2, and is connected to a load 3 and a charging power source 4. In this example, the load 3 is an electric motor, and the required rated voltage and rating are required. The currents are 650 volts and 320 amps, respectively. In addition, the charging power source 4 of this example is a charging station, which supplies 650 volts and 120 amps of power. Of course, the charging power source 4 can be a pluggable charging socket or plug.

另外，在本實施例中，電池模組2係由八個併聯的電池組B4所構成，而每一電池組B4係由十一個串聯的電池串組B3所構成，每一電池串組B3係由四個併聯的電池串B2所構成，每一電池串B2再由十四個串聯的電池芯B1所構成。再者，本實施例之電池芯B1係採用放電規格為3.7伏特40安培小時(Ah)的鋰離子電池，即電池芯B1之標稱 電壓Vn為3.7V、標稱容量為40AH，1C充電或1C放電時，電流為40A。 In addition, in the present embodiment, the battery module 2 is composed of eight battery packs B4 connected in parallel, and each battery pack B4 is composed of eleven battery strings B3 connected in series, and each battery string group B3 It is composed of four parallel battery strings B2, and each battery string B2 is composed of fourteen battery cells B1 connected in series. Furthermore, the battery core B1 of the embodiment adopts a lithium ion battery with a discharge specification of 3.7 volts and 40 ampere hours (Ah), that is, the nominal voltage V n of the battery core B1 is 3.7V, the nominal capacity is 40AH, and the 1C is charged. Or when the 1C discharge, the current is 40A.

如圖1所示，本實施例之電源管理裝置1主要包括一個主控制器11、一個充電控制電路12、一個放電控制電路13、一個顯示裝置5、多個區域網路匯流排6、以及一個記錄模組7。其中，充電電源4係可插拔地電性連接至充電控制電路12，而放電控制電路13則電性連接至負載3。另一方面，充電控制電路12、及放電控制電路13也電性連接電池模組2，並分別對其進行充電、及放電控制。 As shown in FIG. 1, the power management apparatus 1 of the present embodiment mainly includes a main controller 11, a charging control circuit 12, a discharge control circuit 13, a display device 5, a plurality of regional network bus bars 6, and a Recording module 7. The charging power source 4 is electrically connected to the charging control circuit 12 in a pluggable manner, and the discharging control circuit 13 is electrically connected to the load 3. On the other hand, the charge control circuit 12 and the discharge control circuit 13 are also electrically connected to the battery module 2, and are respectively charged and discharged.

於圖2中，各電池組控制模組VR1~VR8分別電性連接至充電控制電路12及放電控制電路13、及各電池串組控制模組BG1~BG11，用以控制對應之電池組B4之充電與放電。另外，充電控制電路12及放電控制電路13又分別可選擇地連接充電電源4及負載3。在本實施例上，電池模組B1具有八個電池組B4，每個電池組B4具有一個電池組控制模組VR、共計八個電池組控制模組VR，每個電池串組B3具有一個電池串組控制模組BG、共計有十一個電池串組控制模組BG。電池組控制模組VR用以控制對應之電池組B4之充電與放電、電池串組控制模組BG用以控制對應之電池串組B3之充電與放電。而且，每一電池串組控制模組BG1~BG11、每一電池組控制模組VR1~VR8、充電控制電路12、及放電控制電路13分別具備有控制器區域網路匯流排(Controller Area Network Bus，CANBus)6、及隔離電路61，且每一電池串組控制模組BG1~BG11又設置有一個電壓偵測模組14、及一個溫度偵 測模組15，至於上述元件之連接關係及用途後有詳述。 In FIG. 2, each of the battery pack control modules VR1 VR VR8 is electrically connected to the charging control circuit 12 and the discharge control circuit 13 and each battery string control module BG1 B BG11 for controlling the corresponding battery pack B4. Charging and discharging. In addition, the charging control circuit 12 and the discharge control circuit 13 are selectively connected to the charging power source 4 and the load 3, respectively. In this embodiment, the battery module B1 has eight battery packs B4, each battery pack B4 has one battery pack control module VR, a total of eight battery pack control modules VR, and each battery string group B3 has one battery. The string control module BG has a total of eleven battery string control modules BG. The battery pack control module VR is used to control the charging and discharging of the corresponding battery pack B4, and the battery string control module BG is used to control the charging and discharging of the corresponding battery string group B3. Moreover, each battery string control module BG1~BG11, each battery control module VR1~VR8, the charging control circuit 12, and the discharge control circuit 13 respectively have a controller area network bus (Controller Area Network Bus) , CANBus) 6, and isolation circuit 61, and each battery string control module BG1 ~ BG11 is further provided with a voltage detection module 14, and a temperature detection The test module 15 is described in detail after the connection relationship and use of the above components.

請再參閱圖3，圖3係本發明一較佳實施例之放電控制電路的系統架構圖。其中，放電控制電路13包括連接於主控制器11之一電池模組輸出開關器121，而電池模組輸出開關器121用以控制該電池模組2之電源輸出至負載3。再者，每一電池串組控制模組BG(圖示BG1~BG11)包括一個電池串組開關器124、一個電壓偵測模組14、及一個溫度偵測模組15。電壓偵測模組14係用以偵測電池串組B3之電壓、電池串B2、及電池芯B1之電壓，而溫度偵測模組15用以偵測電池串組B3溫度、電池串B2溫度及電池芯B1溫度。 Please refer to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a system architecture diagram of a discharge control circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The discharge control circuit 13 includes a battery module output switch 121 connected to the main controller 11, and the battery module output switch 121 is used to control the power output of the battery module 2 to the load 3. Furthermore, each of the battery string control modules BG (BG1 to BG11) includes a battery string switch 124, a voltage detecting module 14, and a temperature detecting module 15. The voltage detecting module 14 is configured to detect the voltage of the battery string B3, the battery string B2, and the battery core B1, and the temperature detecting module 15 is used to detect the battery string B3 temperature and the battery string B2 temperature. And battery cell B1 temperature.

另外，電池串組開關器124電性連接於對應之電池串組輸出端B31、及電池組控制模組VR(圖示VR1~VR8)，電池串組開關器124用以控制電池串組B3之電源輸出或輸入。此外，每一個電池組控制模組VR包括一個電池組開關器123、及一個次控制器111，次控制器111電性連接電池組開關器123，用以控制電池串組B3之電源輸出或輸入。 In addition, the battery string switch 124 is electrically connected to the corresponding battery string output terminal B31 and the battery pack control module VR (pictures VR1 to VR8), and the battery string switch 124 is used to control the battery string group B3. Power output or input. In addition, each battery pack control module VR includes a battery pack switch 123 and a secondary controller 111. The secondary controller 111 is electrically connected to the battery pack switch 123 for controlling the power output or input of the battery string B3. .

在本實施例中，放電控制電路13控制電池模組2輸出電壓最高為VRU=VnU×Ns×Nk，輸出電壓最低為VRL=VnL×Ns×Nk，其中VnU=(Vf-Ve)+V0，VnL=-(Vf-Ve)+V0，Ns為該電池串B2之該電池芯之數量，Nk為該電池組B4之該電池串組之數量，VnU為每一電池芯B1控制輸出最高電壓，Vn為電池芯B1之標稱電壓，Vf為電池芯B1之完全充飽可放電之最高電壓，Ve為電池芯B1之安全放電最低 電壓，VnL為每一電池芯B1控制輸出最低電壓，V0滿足下列條件； In this embodiment, the discharge control circuit 13 controls the output voltage of the battery module 2 to be at most V RU = V nU × N s × N k , and the output voltage is at least V RL = V nL × N s × N k , where V nU = (V f - Ve) + V 0 , V nL = - (V f - Ve) + V 0 , N s is the number of the battery cells of the battery string B2, and N k is the battery string of the battery pack B4 The number of groups, V nU for each battery cell B1 control output the highest voltage, V n is the nominal voltage of the battery cell B1, V f is the highest voltage of the battery cell B1 fully charged and dischargeable, V e is the cell core B1 The safe discharge minimum voltage, V nL is the minimum output voltage for each battery cell B1 control, V 0 meets the following conditions;

承上，在本實施例中，採用的電池芯B1為鋰離子電池，其標稱電壓Vn為3.7V、Vf為電池芯B1之完全充飽可放電之最高電壓為4.3V，Ve為電池芯B1之安全放電最低電壓為3.2V，即單獨該電池芯B1以0.01C放電速率放電之最低電壓(對該電池芯B1不致造成永久的損害的放電之最低電壓)；對於電池模組2較不損害且可有最安全的放電電量，較佳的使V0滿足3.45≦V0≦3.67，以設定的電池模組2輸出電壓最高為VRU=VnU×Ns×Nk，輸出電壓最低為VRL=VnL×Ns×Nk，其中VnU可設定為4.45~4.67V之間、VnL可設定為2.45~2.67V之間。 In the present embodiment, the battery cell B1 used is a lithium ion battery, and its nominal voltage V n is 3.7V, and V f is the maximum voltage of the battery cell B1 that is fully charged and dischargeable is 4.3V, V e The minimum safe discharge voltage for the battery cell B1 is 3.2V, that is, the lowest voltage at which the battery cell B1 is discharged at a discharge rate of 0.01 C (the lowest voltage of the discharge that does not cause permanent damage to the battery cell B1); 2 is less damaged and can have the safest discharge power, preferably V 0 satisfies 3.45≦V 0 ≦3.67, and the output voltage of the set battery module 2 is up to V RU =V nU ×N s ×N k , The output voltage is at least V RL = V nL × N s × N k , where V nU can be set between 4.45 and 4.67V and V nL can be set between 2.45 and 2.67V.

請再參閱圖4，圖4係本發明一較佳實施例之充電控制電路的系統架構圖。其中，充電控制電路12包括對應於各電池組B4之一個電池模組輸入開關器121、一個電池組充電模組125、以及對應於各電池芯B1之一個電池芯均壓充電模組122。電池模組輸入開關器121係用以控該電池模組2之充電電源輸入，而各電池組充電模組125電性連接於對應之電池組B4，並用以對電池組B4進行充電控制。 Please refer to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a system architecture diagram of a charging control circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The charging control circuit 12 includes a battery module input switch 121 corresponding to each battery pack B4, a battery pack charging module 125, and a battery core equalizing charging module 122 corresponding to each battery cell B1. The battery module input switch 121 is used to control the charging power input of the battery module 2, and each battery pack charging module 125 is electrically connected to the corresponding battery pack B4, and is used for charging control of the battery pack B4.

另外，電池芯均壓充電模組122則電性連接於對應之每一個電池芯B1，並用以對電池芯B1進行充電控制。在本實施例中，每一個電池組充電模組125、及每一個電池 芯均壓充電模組122均具有濾波、一次側整流、變壓、及二次側整流等元件或手段，並受電池組充電模組125所控制，以提高功率因數(Power Factor)。 In addition, the battery voltage equalization charging module 122 is electrically connected to each of the corresponding battery cells B1, and is used for charging control of the battery core B1. In this embodiment, each battery pack charging module 125, and each battery The core voltage equalization charging module 122 has components or means such as filtering, primary side rectification, voltage transformation, and secondary side rectification, and is controlled by the battery pack charging module 125 to improve the power factor.

其中，電池模組輸入開關器121、電池組開關器123、電池串組開關器124、電池模組輸出開關器131，可使用電磁開關或其他可控制的切換開關，不為所限。 The battery module input switch 121, the battery pack switch 123, the battery string switch 124, and the battery module output switch 131 can use an electromagnetic switch or other controllable switch, which is not limited.

再且，本實施例之顯示裝置5係電性連接主控制器11、及各次控制器111，並用以顯示電池模組2、各電池組B4、各電池串組B3、各電池串B2、及各電池芯B1的現況狀態及分析結果。另外，本實施例之記錄模組7係電性連接主控制器11、及各次控制器111，並用以儲存電池模組2、各電池組B4、各電池串組B3、各電池串B2、及各電池芯B1的現況狀態及分析結果之數據。然而，本實施例之記錄模組7可為EPROM、EEPROM、FLASH等記憶體、記憶卡(memory card)、或硬碟等皆可。 Moreover, the display device 5 of the embodiment is electrically connected to the main controller 11 and the sub-controllers 111, and is used for displaying the battery module 2, each battery pack B4, each battery string group B3, and each battery string B2. And the current state of each battery cell B1 and the analysis results. In addition, the recording module 7 of the embodiment is electrically connected to the main controller 11 and the sub-controllers 111, and is used for storing the battery module 2, each battery pack B4, each battery string group B3, and each battery string B2. And the current status of each battery cell B1 and the data of the analysis results. However, the recording module 7 of the embodiment may be a memory such as an EPROM, an EEPROM, or a FLASH, a memory card, or a hard disk.

又，本實施例之每一電池串組控制模組BG、每一電池組控制模組VR、充電控制電路12、及放電控制電路13均設有一個控制器區域網路匯流排(Controller Area Network Bus，CANBus)6，而電壓偵測模組14、及溫度偵測模組15將所偵測到的數據及分析數據，如放電之電壓或溫度、充電之電壓或溫度、以及異常狀況等，透過控制器區域網路匯流排6進行傳輸。據此，本實施例可以透過一般車輛載具常用的通訊介面，即俗稱的CANBus，來進行資料的傳輸，其不僅穩定、且可有效降低成本，更重要的是容易與整個載具的資訊系統整合。本例所 使用的控制器區域網路匯流排6為RS485通訊介面。 Moreover, each battery string control module BG, each battery pack control module VR, the charging control circuit 12, and the discharge control circuit 13 of the embodiment are provided with a controller area network bus (Controller Area Network). Bus, CANBus) 6, and the voltage detecting module 14 and the temperature detecting module 15 will detect the detected data and analysis data, such as the voltage or temperature of the discharge, the voltage or temperature of the charging, and the abnormal condition. The transmission is performed through the controller area network bus 6. Accordingly, the present embodiment can transmit data through a common communication interface of a general vehicle carrier, that is, a commonly known CANBus, which is not only stable but also can effectively reduce the cost, and more importantly, an information system that is easy to be used with the entire vehicle. Integration. This example The controller area network bus 6 used is the RS485 communication interface.

在本實施例中，電源管理裝置1包括一連接埠(圖中未示)，例如USB連接埠，其主要供傳輸資料至數據媒體。舉例說明，當技術人員欲存取儲存於記錄模組7內之各種數據時，可以將電源管理裝置1之USB連接埠連接至另一控制主機(圖中未示)，直接存取記錄模組7內之資料。不過，本發明並不以實體的有線傳輸為限，亦可採用無線傳輸，諸如以WiFi、Zigbee、3G、或4G網路等無線通訊網路將記錄模組7內之各種資訊傳輸至遠端主機。 In the present embodiment, the power management device 1 includes a port (not shown), such as a USB port, for transmitting data to the data medium. For example, when the technician wants to access various data stored in the recording module 7, the USB port of the power management device 1 can be connected to another control host (not shown) to directly access the recording module. Information within 7. However, the present invention is not limited to physical wired transmission, and may also be wirelessly transmitted, such as transmitting information in the recording module 7 to a remote host via a wireless communication network such as WiFi, Zigbee, 3G, or 4G network. .

另外，在本實施例中，每一溫度偵測模組15、每一電壓偵測模組14、及每一控制器區域網路匯流排中均設有一隔離電路61，用以隔離控制器區域網路匯流排6、主控制器11、次控制器111、電池模組2、電池串組B3之電壓、電池串B2之電壓、溫度偵測模組15、及電壓偵測模組14，以避免電源電磁輻射(EMI)干擾。然而，隔離電路可為ZLG®公司所出產之RSM485ECHT或RSM3485ECHT晶片。 In addition, in this embodiment, each temperature detecting module 15, each voltage detecting module 14, and each controller area network bus bar are provided with an isolation circuit 61 for isolating the controller area. Network bus 6, main controller 11, secondary controller 111, battery module 2, battery string B3 voltage, battery string B2 voltage, temperature detection module 15, and voltage detection module 14, Avoid power electromagnetic radiation (EMI) interference. However, the isolation circuit may be ZLG ® produced by the company or the RSM485ECHT RSM3485ECHT wafer.

以下將詳細說明本實施例之充電、放電管理程序，先以放電管理為例，請參閱圖5，圖5係本發明一較佳實施例之放電管理程序之流程圖。首先，步驟(Sd1)，先判斷電源管理裝置1是否有充電電源4輸入，若有則切斷電源管理裝置1之一電源輸出端31，若無則進行下一步驟。接著，步驟(Sd2)，判斷電源輸出端31、及每一電池組B4之電池組輸出端B41之電壓是否低於一第一下限電壓VUVP；以及，判斷各電池組B4、各電池串組B3、各電池 串B2及各電池芯B1之溫度是否高於一第一上限溫度TOTP。若電壓低於第一下限電壓VUVP或溫度高於第一上限溫度TOTP則切斷對應的電池組B4之電源輸出，若無則進行下一步驟。 The charging and discharging management program of this embodiment will be described in detail below. First, the discharge management is taken as an example. Referring to FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a discharge management program according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. First, in step (Sd1), it is first determined whether or not the power management device 1 has the input of the charging power source 4. If so, the power supply output terminal 31 of the power management device 1 is turned off, and if not, the next step is performed. Next, in step (Sd2), it is determined whether the voltage of the power source output terminal 31 and the battery pack output terminal B41 of each battery pack B4 is lower than a first lower limit voltage V UVP ; and determining each battery pack B4 and each battery string group B3. Whether the temperature of each battery string B2 and each battery cell B1 is higher than a first upper limit temperature T OTP . If the voltage is lower than the first lower limit voltage V UVP or the temperature is higher than the first upper limit temperature T OTP , the power output of the corresponding battery pack B4 is cut off, and if not, the next step is performed.

在本實施例中，第一下限電壓VUVP為每個電池芯輸出電壓下限(3.25V)、每一電池組B4之電池串組B3的數量(十一串)、以及每一電池串B2之電池芯B1的數量(十四個)之乘積，故約500伏特。另外，根據所採用的電池芯規格，本實施例將第一上限溫度TOTP設定為攝氏65度。據此，在步驟(Sd2)中，如果車輛在啟動時電壓過低或溫度過高則切斷電源輸出，即無法提供行駛。若無則繼續下一步驟，步驟(Sd3)，由電源管理裝置1將電源經由電源輸出端31輸出至負載3，即進行放電管理。 In this embodiment, the first lower limit voltage V UVP is the lower limit of the output voltage of each battery cell (3.25 V), the number of battery strings B3 of each battery pack B4 (11 strings), and each battery string B2 The product of the number of battery cells B1 (fourteen) is about 500 volts. In addition, according to the battery cell specifications used, the first upper limit temperature T OTP is set to 65 degrees Celsius. According to this, in the step (Sd2), if the voltage of the vehicle is too low or the temperature is too high at the time of starting, the power output is cut off, that is, the traveling cannot be provided. If not, the next step is continued. In the step (Sd3), the power source management device 1 outputs the power source to the load 3 via the power source output terminal 31, that is, performs discharge management.

在放電的過程中，又進行以下判斷步驟。步驟(Sd4)，判斷電源輸出端31、及每一電池組B4之電池組輸出端B41之電壓是否低於一第二下限電壓VUVP2，以及判斷每一電池串組B3之電壓是否低於一第二下限電壓VUVP2之平均分壓值(即VUVP2/11)，若以上的任一者有超過設定的第二下限電壓VUVP2相對數值，則發出一電量耗盡警告訊號並切斷對應的電池組B4之電源輸出。又，判斷電源輸出端31、每一電池組B4之電壓是否低於一第三下限電壓VUVP3高於第二下限電壓VUVP2，以及判斷每一電池串組B3之電壓是否低於一第三下限電壓VUVP3之平均分壓值(即VUVP3/11)高於第二下限電壓VUVP2之平均分壓值(即VUVP2/11)，若以上的任一者有超過設定的數值，則發出 一低電壓警告訊號。 In the process of discharging, the following judgment steps are performed. Step (Sd4), determining whether the voltage of the power source output terminal 31 and the battery pack output terminal B41 of each battery pack B4 is lower than a second lower limit voltage V UVP2 , and determining whether the voltage of each battery string group B3 is lower than one The average voltage dividing value of the second lower limit voltage V UVP2 (ie, V UVP2 /11), if any of the above exceeds the set second lower limit voltage V UVP2 relative value, then a power exhaustion warning signal is issued and the corresponding signal is cut off The power output of battery pack B4. Moreover, it is determined whether the voltage of the power output terminal 31 and each battery pack B4 is lower than a third lower limit voltage V UVP3 higher than the second lower limit voltage V UVP2 , and whether the voltage of each battery string group B3 is lower than a third value. The average divided voltage value of the lower limit voltage V UVP3 (ie, V UVP3 /11) is higher than the average divided voltage value of the second lower limit voltage V UVP2 (ie, V UVP2 /11), and if any of the above exceeds the set value, then Issue a low voltage warning signal.

在本實施例的步驟(Sd4)中，第二下限電壓VUVP2為每個電池芯輸出電壓最低下限(3.15V)、每一電池組B4之電池串組B3的數量(十一串)、以及每一電池串B2之電池芯B1的數量(十四個)之乘積，故約485伏特。第三下限電壓VUVP3為每個電池芯輸出電壓標準下限(3.4V)、每一電池組B4之電池串組B3的數量(十一串)、以及每一電池串B2之電池芯B1的數量(十四個)之乘積，故約520伏特。 In the step (Sd4) of the embodiment, the second lower limit voltage V UVP2 is the lowest lower limit of each battery cell output voltage ( 3.15 V), the number of battery strings B3 of each battery pack B4 (11 strings), and The product of the number of battery cells B1 (fourteen) of each battery string B2 is about 485 volts. The third lower limit voltage V UVP3 is the lower limit of the standard output voltage of each battery cell (3.4V), the number of battery strings B3 of each battery pack B4 (11 strings), and the number of battery cells B1 of each battery string B2. The product of (fourteen) is about 520 volts.

據此，在車輛啟動時或行駛中，如果有某一電池組B4、之電壓低於520伏特而高於485伏特或某一電池串組B3之電壓低於47.5伏特而高於44.1伏特，便會發出低電壓警告訊號。但是，如果某一電池組B4更低於485伏特或對於某一電池串組B3之電壓低於44.1伏特時便會發出一電量耗盡警告訊號，同時停止對應的該電池組B4之電源輸出。在本例中如果有超過三個電池組B4被停止輸出，則除發出警告訊息外，依據電動載具電源控制方式的不同，可採取整個電池模組2完全關閉使電動載具停止、限制負載3降至最低(如以最低速率緩慢行駛)或啟動備用電源等，以避免其他電池組B4負擔過重，而毀損或影響壽命。在實際應用的實施上，通常採用限制負載3降至最低，且在電動載具停俥後，將無法再啟動，以避免影響電池壽命及維護安全。 Accordingly, when the vehicle is started or running, if the voltage of a certain battery pack B4 is lower than 520 volts and higher than 485 volts or the voltage of a battery string B3 is lower than 47.5 volts and higher than 44.1 volts, A low voltage warning signal will be issued. However, if a battery pack B4 is lower than 485 volts or a voltage of a battery string B3 is lower than 44.1 volts, an exhaustion warning signal is issued, and the corresponding power output of the battery pack B4 is stopped. In this example, if more than three battery packs B4 are stopped, in addition to issuing a warning message, depending on the power control mode of the electric vehicle, the entire battery module 2 can be completely shut down to stop the electric vehicle and limit the load. 3 to the lowest (such as slow driving at the lowest rate) or start the backup power supply, etc., to avoid overloading other battery packs B4, which will damage or affect the life. In practical implementation, the limit load 3 is usually minimized, and after the electric vehicle is stopped, it can no longer be started to avoid affecting battery life and maintenance safety.

此外，在本實施例的步驟(Sd4)中，另判斷每一電池組B4之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度TOTP2，若是則發出高溫警告訊號；並進一步判斷各電池組B4、各電池串組 B3、各電池串B2、及各電池芯B1之溫度是否高於一第一上限溫度TOTP，若是則分別切斷對應的電池組B4、對應的電池串組B3之電源輸出。在本例中第二上限溫度TOTP2設定為攝氏60度，第一上限溫度TOTP設定為攝氏65度。據此，當放電溫度高於一攝氏60度時，即可先發出警告進行通報；而當電量高於攝氏65度時，隨即控制關閉電源輸出，以確保電池的使用電池組B4之壽命，並避免放電溫度過高導致電池毀損，或甚至***發生危險。 In addition, in the step (Sd4) of the embodiment, it is further determined whether the temperature of each battery group B4 is higher than a second upper limit temperature T OTP2 , and if so, a high temperature warning signal is issued; and further determining each battery group B4 and each battery Whether the temperature of the string group B3, each battery string B2, and each battery cell B1 is higher than a first upper limit temperature T OTP , and if so, respectively cut off the power output of the corresponding battery group B4 and the corresponding battery string group B3. In this example, the second upper limit temperature T OTP2 is set to 60 degrees Celsius, and the first upper limit temperature T OTP is set to 65 degrees Celsius. Accordingly, when the discharge temperature is higher than 60 degrees Celsius, a warning can be issued for notification; when the power is higher than 65 degrees Celsius, the power output is controlled to ensure the battery life of the battery pack B4 is used, and Avoid damage to the battery due to excessive discharge temperatures, or even explosion hazards.

接著，步驟(Sd5)，儲存每一電池組B4、每一電池串組B3、每一電池串B2、及每一電池芯B1之電壓數值；並進一步儲存每一電池串組B3、每一電池串B2、及每一電池芯B1之溫度數值於記錄模組7中，藉以完整記錄整個電池模組放電之運作狀態，包括電壓、溫度等數值、以及異常狀態或警告信號等，以備供分析或診斷研判之用。 Next, in step (Sd5), the voltage values of each battery pack B4, each battery string group B3, each battery string B2, and each battery core B1 are stored; and each battery string group B3 and each battery are further stored. The temperature value of the string B2 and each of the battery cells B1 is recorded in the recording module 7, so as to completely record the operating state of the entire battery module discharge, including voltage, temperature and other values, as well as abnormal states or warning signals, etc., for analysis. Or use for diagnostic purposes.

再者，請參閱圖6，圖6係本發明一較佳實施例之充電管理程序之流程圖。本實施例之充電管理程序包括以下步驟：首先，步驟(Sc1)，判斷電源管理裝置1是否有充電電源4輸入，若有則切斷電源管理裝置1之電源輸出端31；換言之，此步驟是判斷是否有在進行充電，若有則停止放電輸出，以保護控制電路及電池模組2。 Furthermore, please refer to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a charging management program according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The charging management program of this embodiment includes the following steps: First, step (Sc1), determining whether the power management device 1 has a charging power source 4 input, and if so, turning off the power output terminal 31 of the power management device 1; in other words, this step is It is judged whether or not charging is being performed, and if so, the discharge output is stopped to protect the control circuit and the battery module 2.

步驟(Sc2)，若經上一步驟判斷而並未進行充電時，則判斷每一電池組輸入端B42的電壓是否高於一第一充電電壓Vc1，若高於則切斷充電電源進入電池模組2對應之電池組B4，若低於則連接對應之該電池組B4進行下一步驟，即進行預充階段。在本實施例中，第一充電電壓 Vc1為每個電池芯最高充電電壓(4.7V)、每一電池組B4之電池串組B3的數量(十一串)、以及每一電池串B2之電池芯B1的數量(十四個)之乘積，再乘上超過5%的電壓為總串聯電壓，故約720伏特；藉此判斷進入每一電池組輸入端B42的電壓是否有過高的錯誤，以免影響充電的安全或將電池組B4形成過高壓充電的現象。 Step (Sc2), if it is determined by the previous step that charging is not performed, it is determined whether the voltage of each battery pack input terminal B42 is higher than a first charging voltage Vc1, and if it is higher, the charging power source is cut into the battery mode. The battery pack B4 corresponding to the group 2, if it is lower, connects the corresponding battery pack B4 to the next step, that is, performs the pre-charging phase. In this embodiment, the first charging voltage Vc1 is the maximum charging voltage (4.7V) of each battery cell, the number of battery strings B3 of each battery pack B4 (11 strings), and the number of battery cells B1 (fourteen) of each battery string B2. Multiply, multiply more than 5% of the voltage into the total series voltage, so about 720 volts; to determine whether the voltage entering the input terminal B42 of each battery pack is too high, so as not to affect the safety of charging or battery pack B4 The phenomenon of over-voltage charging is formed.

接著進行步驟(Sc3)之預充階段，即連接充電電源與各電池組B4進行預充電，在本例中預充電以650伏特、及20安培之低電流進行充電，而每電池組B4之充電電流約為2.5A。在進行預充電的過程中，持續偵測每一個電池芯電壓是否高於一第二充電電壓Vc2或預充電超過一預充時間。若偵測任一個電池芯電壓結果高於第二充電電壓Vc2、或已預充電超過預充時間，則對於對應的電池組B4停止充電。在本例中，第二充電電壓Vc2為每個電池芯輸出電壓下限(3.25V)，而預充時間設定為10分鐘。藉此，若任一個電池芯B1在預充階段不能將電壓升至第二充電電壓Vc2以上，則判斷該電池芯B1為故障，為免影響安全或造成該電池芯B1假性充電現象，則對電池模組B4停止充電。 Then, the pre-charging phase of the step (Sc3) is performed, that is, the charging power source is connected to each battery pack B4 for pre-charging, in this example, the pre-charging is performed with a low current of 650 volts and 20 amps, and the charging of each battery pack B4. The current is approximately 2.5A. During the pre-charging process, it is continuously detected whether each cell voltage is higher than a second charging voltage Vc2 or pre-charging exceeds a pre-charging time. If it is detected that any of the battery cell voltage results is higher than the second charging voltage Vc2, or the precharge has exceeded the precharge time, the charging is stopped for the corresponding battery pack B4. In this example, the second charging voltage Vc2 is the lower limit of the output voltage of each cell (3.25 V), and the precharge time is set to 10 minutes. Therefore, if any of the battery cells B1 cannot raise the voltage to the second charging voltage Vc2 or higher during the pre-charging phase, it is determined that the battery cell B1 is faulty, so as to avoid affecting safety or causing the battery cell B1 to be pseudo-charged, The battery module B4 is stopped charging.

再且，在步驟(Sc3)中，又可進一步偵測各電池串組B3之電壓是否高於第四充電電壓Vc4，若高於第四充電電壓Vc4則對於對應的電池組B4停止充電。在本例中，第四充電電壓Vc4為每個電池芯輸出電壓下限(3.25V)、電池串B2之串聯的電池芯B1的數量(十四個)之乘積。並且，步驟(Sc3)中又可偵測各電池串組B3、各電池串B2 、及各電池芯B1之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度TOTP2，若高於第二上限溫度TOTP2則發出警告，且對應的電池組B4或電池串組B3停止充電，在本例中第二上限溫度TOTP2設定為攝氏60度。 Moreover, in step (Sc3), it is further detected whether the voltage of each battery string group B3 is higher than the fourth charging voltage Vc4, and if it is higher than the fourth charging voltage Vc4, charging is stopped for the corresponding battery group B4. In this example, the fourth charging voltage Vc4 is the product of the lower limit of the output voltage of each battery cell (3.25 V) and the number of battery cells B1 (fourteen) connected in series with the battery string B2. In addition, in step (Sc3), it can be detected whether the temperature of each battery string group B3, each battery string B2, and each battery core B1 is higher than a second upper limit temperature T OTP2 , and if it is higher than the second upper limit temperature T OTP2 A warning is issued and the corresponding battery pack B4 or battery string group B3 stops charging. In this example, the second upper limit temperature T OTP2 is set to 60 degrees Celsius.

據此，本實施例之步驟(Sc3)中除了可偵測電池芯B1之電壓是否高於預定之上限外，亦可直接偵測各電池串組B3、各電池串B2之電壓，而當其中一電池芯B1或一電池串組B3、電池串B2之電壓超出預定電壓時，隨即關閉整組電池組B4之充電輸入，以保護每一電池串B2、每一電池串組B3、每一電池組B4，避免任一故障的電池芯B1產生過充之情形發生。然而，圖6所顯示之電壓、及溫度偵測有先後順序，但實際上是同時進行偵測，且是持續偵測的。 Accordingly, in step (Sc3) of the embodiment, in addition to detecting whether the voltage of the battery cell B1 is higher than a predetermined upper limit, the voltage of each battery string group B3 and each battery string B2 can be directly detected, and wherein When the voltage of a battery cell B1 or a battery string B3 and the battery string B2 exceeds a predetermined voltage, the charging input of the entire battery pack B4 is turned off to protect each battery string B2, each battery string group B3, and each battery. Group B4 avoids the occurrence of overcharging of any faulty battery cell B1. However, the voltage and temperature detection shown in Figure 6 has a sequence, but in fact it is detected at the same time and is continuously detected.

步驟(Sc4)，延遲10分鐘後，重覆上述步驟(Sc3)一次，即續行再次預充電並偵測各電池芯B1之電壓是否高於第二充電電壓Vc2、各電池串組B3之電壓是否高於第四充電電壓Vc4、或已預充電超過預充時間，若高於第二充電電壓Vc2、第四充電電壓Vc4、或已預充電超過預充時間則進行下一步驟之快充階段。若任一電池芯B1對應的各電池組B4之電壓低於第二充電電壓Vc2，或者若各電池串組B3之電壓低於第四充電電壓Vc4，則切斷充電電源進入對應的電池組B4並發出對應電池組B4之電池充電異常警告訊號。 Step (Sc4), after delaying for 10 minutes, repeating the above step (Sc3) once, that is, continuing to precharge again and detecting whether the voltage of each battery cell B1 is higher than the second charging voltage Vc2 and the voltage of each battery string B3. Whether it is higher than the fourth charging voltage Vc4, or pre-charged exceeds the pre-charging time, if it is higher than the second charging voltage Vc2, the fourth charging voltage Vc4, or the pre-charging exceeds the pre-charging time, the fast charging phase of the next step is performed. . If the voltage of each battery B4 corresponding to any battery cell B1 is lower than the second charging voltage Vc2, or if the voltage of each battery string B3 is lower than the fourth charging voltage Vc4, the charging power supply is cut off and enters the corresponding battery pack B4. And the battery charging abnormal warning signal corresponding to the battery pack B4 is issued.

此步驟之主要目的係避免進行單一次預充電容易產生量測誤差，且確保每一電池芯B1可以充電活化，或者 檢測出無法充電活化的電池芯B1，若任一電池芯B1不能充電活化則發出充電異常警告訊號。更進一步，本實施例之步驟(Sc4)中除了可偵測電池芯B1之電壓是否高於預定之上限外，亦可直接偵測各電池串組B3之電壓，而當其中一電池芯B1或一電池串組B3之電壓超出預定電壓時，隨即關閉整組電池組B4之充電輸入，以確定故障的電池芯B1。 The main purpose of this step is to avoid the measurement error caused by single pre-charging, and to ensure that each battery cell B1 can be charged and activated, or The battery cell B1 that cannot be charged and activated is detected, and if any of the battery cells B1 cannot be charged and activated, a charging abnormality warning signal is issued. Further, in step (Sc4) of the embodiment, in addition to detecting whether the voltage of the battery cell B1 is higher than a predetermined upper limit, the voltage of each battery string B3 may be directly detected, and when one of the battery cells B1 or When the voltage of the battery string group B3 exceeds the predetermined voltage, the charging input of the entire battery pack B4 is turned off to determine the faulty battery cell B1.

此外，本步驟同樣偵測各電池串組B3、各電池串B2及各電池芯B1中至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度TOTP2，若高於第二上限溫度TOTP2則發出警告，且對於對應的電池組B4停止充電並發出電池充電異常警告訊號。雖然，圖6所顯示之電壓、及溫度偵測有先後順序，但實際上是同時進行偵測，且是持續偵測的。 In addition, this step also detects whether the temperature of at least one of each battery string group B3, each battery string B2, and each battery core B1 is higher than a second upper limit temperature T OTP2 , and if it is higher than the second upper limit temperature T OTP2 A warning is issued and the charging is stopped for the corresponding battery pack B4 and a battery charging abnormal warning signal is issued. Although the voltage and temperature detection shown in Figure 6 has a sequence, it is actually simultaneous detection and continuous detection.

步驟(Sc5)，連接充電電源與各電池組B4進行快充電，本例係以650伏特120安培之正常電流進行充電，其中每電池組為15安培。本步驟並偵測各電池芯B1之電壓是否高於一第三充電電壓Vc3(如4.3伏特)，如果任一個電池芯B1之電壓高於第三充電電壓Vc3，則對於對應電池芯B1之電池組B4停止充電，進入下一步驟均壓均流充電階段。此外，本步驟又進一步偵測各電池串組B3、各電池串B2、及各電池芯B1之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度TOTP2，若高於第二上限溫度TOTP2則發出警告，且對應的電池組B4停止充電。雖然，圖6所顯示之電壓、及溫度偵測有先後順序，但實際上是同時進行偵測，且是持續偵測的。 In step (Sc5), the charging power source is connected to each battery pack B4 for fast charging. In this example, charging is performed at a normal current of 650 volts and 120 amps, wherein each battery pack is 15 amps. In this step, it is detected whether the voltage of each battery cell B1 is higher than a third charging voltage Vc3 (such as 4.3 volts). If the voltage of any one of the battery cells B1 is higher than the third charging voltage Vc3, the battery corresponding to the battery cell B1 Group B4 stops charging and proceeds to the next step of equalizing the current sharing charging phase. In addition, this step further detects whether the temperature of each battery string group B3, each battery string B2, and each battery core B1 is higher than a second upper limit temperature T OTP2 , and if the temperature is higher than the second upper limit temperature T OTP2 , a warning is issued. And the corresponding battery pack B4 stops charging. Although the voltage and temperature detection shown in Figure 6 has a sequence, it is actually simultaneous detection and continuous detection.

步驟(Sc6)，切斷各電池串B2之併聯，連接對每一電池芯B1進行均壓均流充電直到充電電源4被移除，在本例中係以0.05C之5伏特2安培進行均壓均流充電。據此，在電池已接近飽和時，更進一步可以小電流對每一電池芯B1進行均壓均流充電，以確保每一電池芯B1達到飽和狀態，也可維持飽和狀態直到移除充電電源。更進一步，當任一電池芯B1之電壓高於第三充電電壓Vc3(如4.3伏特)時，進入第四個浮動充電階段，將對應於該電池芯B1之均壓均流充電的充電電流降為該電池芯B1標稱容量之0.01C以下，直到充電電源被移除，以藉由小電流以涓流方式浮動的補足電池芯B1的電量。 Step (Sc6), the parallel connection of the battery strings B2 is cut off, and the connection is performed for each battery cell B1 by voltage equalization and current charging until the charging power source 4 is removed, in this example, 5 volts and 2 amps at 0.05 C. Pressure equalization charging. Accordingly, when the battery is near saturation, it is further possible to perform equalizing and current sharing on each of the battery cells B1 with a small current to ensure that each of the battery cells B1 is saturated, and the saturation state can be maintained until the charging power source is removed. Further, when the voltage of any of the battery cells B1 is higher than the third charging voltage Vc3 (for example, 4.3 volts), the fourth floating charging phase is entered, and the charging current corresponding to the equalizing current sharing of the battery cells B1 is decreased. The battery cell B1 has a nominal capacity of 0.01 C or less until the charging power source is removed to replenish the battery cell B1 by a small current floating in a turbulent manner.

最後，步驟(Sc7)，儲存每一電池組B4、每一電池串組B3、每一電池串B2、及每一電池芯B1之電壓數值，以及儲存每一電池串組B3、每一電池串B2、及每一電池芯B1之溫度數值於記錄模組7中，藉以完整記錄整個電池模組充電之運作狀態，包括電壓、溫度等數值、以及異常狀態等，以備供分析或診斷研判之用。 Finally, in step (Sc7), the voltage values of each battery pack B4, each battery string group B3, each battery string B2, and each battery core B1 are stored, and each battery string group B3 and each battery string are stored. B2, and the temperature value of each battery cell B1 is recorded in the recording module 7, so as to completely record the operation state of the entire battery module charging, including voltage, temperature and other abnormal values, etc., for analysis or diagnosis. use.

請參閱圖8，圖8係本發明第一實施例之顯示裝置5的畫面照片。在圖中，係顯示電池模組中某一電池組B4之某一電池串組B3之某一電池串B2的電源管理的結果；在照片下方的ID 1~11表示可選擇電池串組B3的那一個電池串B2，以顯示任何時候的每一個電池芯B1的電壓與溫度狀況，在照片中係選擇第一個電池串B2進行顯示(ID選擇為1)。顯示裝置5的畫面標示第一個電池芯B1至第十四個電池芯B1(在畫面中標示BV-01~BV-14)的電壓與溫 度狀況；顯示畫面分成二區，各為電壓顯示(畫面字體為Voltage display)與溫度顯示(畫面字體為Temp.display)；在電壓顯示區，顯示各電池芯B1的電壓(以mV顯示)，並以長條圖示表示，最高電壓者以紅色長條圖顯示、最低者以藍色長條圖顯示，若該電池芯B1電壓異常則以紅色或藍色閃爍顯示。在溫度顯示區，顯示各電池芯B1的溫度(以℃顯示)，並以長條圖示表示，若該電池芯B1溫度異常則以閃爍顯示。又畫面中顯示VTotal表示此一電池串B2現在的電壓(顯示為50145mV)，VAvra.表示此一電池串B2中各電池芯B1的電壓平均值(顯示為3581.8mV)，Vdmax表示此一電池串中最高電壓的電池芯B1與最低電壓電池芯B1的電壓差值(顯示為42mV)。 Please refer to FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a screen photograph of the display device 5 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the result of power management of a battery string B2 of a battery string group B3 of a battery pack B4 in the battery module is displayed; IDs 1 to 11 below the photo indicate that the battery string group B3 can be selected. That battery string B2 is used to display the voltage and temperature conditions of each of the battery cells B1 at any time. In the photo, the first battery string B2 is selected for display (ID selection is 1). The screen of the display device 5 indicates the voltage and temperature of the first battery cell B1 to the fourteenth battery cell B1 (labeled BV-01 to BV-14 in the screen). Degree display; the display screen is divided into two areas, each of which is voltage display (screen font is Voltage display) and temperature display (screen font is Temp.display); in the voltage display area, the voltage of each battery cell B1 is displayed (displayed in mV), It is indicated by a long bar graph. The highest voltage is displayed in red bar graph, and the lowest is displayed in blue bar graph. If the battery B1 voltage is abnormal, it is flashed in red or blue. In the temperature display area, the temperature (displayed in °C) of each battery cell B1 is displayed, and is indicated by a long bar graph, and if the battery cell B1 is abnormal in temperature, it is displayed by blinking. In the screen, VTotal indicates the current voltage of the battery string B2 (displayed as 50145mV), and VAvra. indicates the average voltage of each battery cell B1 in the battery string B2 (displayed as 3581.8mV), and Vdmax indicates the battery string. The voltage difference between the highest voltage battery cell B1 and the lowest voltage battery cell B1 (shown as 42 mV).

由圖8所示，本發明的電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法及其電源管理裝置採用主動式階層化的管理手段，且整個電池模組2與電源管理裝置1構成為一多階層的分散式電源系統；應用於第一實施例，可使各電池組B4、各電池串組B3、各電池串B2、各電池芯B1有效控制整個輸出電壓及電流維持在一穩定狀態，而且不會過度放電、不會過度充電、且使每個電池芯B1充電至互相接近的電位，故可大幅提高充電效率以及維持電池芯B1及電池模組2的使用壽命。 As shown in FIG. 8, the power management method and the power management apparatus of the electric traffic vehicle battery module of the present invention adopt an active hierarchical management means, and the entire battery module 2 and the power management device 1 constitute a multi-level The distributed power supply system; applied to the first embodiment, can enable each battery pack B4, each battery string group B3, each battery string B2, and each battery core B1 to effectively control the entire output voltage and current to maintain a stable state, and The battery can be over-discharged, not overcharged, and each battery cell B1 is charged to a potential close to each other, so that the charging efficiency can be greatly improved and the service life of the battery cell B1 and the battery module 2 can be maintained.

請參閱圖7，圖7係本發明第二實施例之電池模組的示意圖。本實施例係應用於內陸湖泊之電動船舶，其與上述第一實施例基本上相同，其中差異處僅在電池模組2之組成有所不同。在本例中，電動船舶之負載3’之標稱 電壓為160V，該電池模組2的最佳串併組合為，併聯的電池組B4數量為四個，其分裝在四個外箱內；而每一電池組B4之串併聯的電池串組B3數量為三個；每一電池串組B3之併聯的電池串B2數量為二個，及各該電池串B2之串聯的電池芯B1為十四個。 Please refer to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to a second embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is applied to an electric ship of an inland lake, which is substantially the same as the first embodiment described above, wherein the difference is only different in the composition of the battery module 2. In this example, the nominal 3' load of the electric ship The voltage is 160V, and the optimal serial combination of the battery modules 2 is that the number of parallel battery packs B4 is four, which are divided into four outer boxes; and the battery strings of each battery pack B4 are connected in parallel. The number of B3 is three; the number of battery strings B2 connected in parallel in each battery string group B3 is two, and the number of battery cells B1 connected in series in each battery string B2 is fourteen.

第二實施例之充電、放電的控制方法、及其電路結構皆與上述第一實施例雷同。然而，因為電池模組2的組成有所變化，故各控制點的電壓值亦隨之改變，其中變化包括第一下限電壓VUVP約為136.5伏特，第二下限電壓VUVP2約為132.3伏特，第二下限電壓VUVP2之平均分壓值約為44.1伏特，第三下限電壓VUVP3約為138.6伏特，第三下限電壓VUVP3之平均分壓值約為46.2伏特；第一充電電壓Vc1約為207.27伏特，第二充電電壓Vc2仍為3.25伏特，第三充電電壓Vc3仍為4.3伏特，第四充電電壓Vc4約為45.5伏特。 The charging and discharging control method of the second embodiment, and the circuit configuration thereof are all the same as those of the first embodiment described above. However, because the composition of the battery module 2 changes, the voltage value of each control point also changes, wherein the change includes a first lower limit voltage V UVP of about 136.5 volts, and a second lower limit voltage V UVP2 of about 132.3 volts. The average voltage divider value of the second lower limit voltage V UVP2 is about 44.1 volts, the third lower limit voltage V UVP3 is about 138.6 volts, and the average voltage divider value of the third lower limit voltage V UVP3 is about 46.2 volts; the first charging voltage Vc1 is about At 207.27 volts, the second charging voltage Vc2 is still 3.25 volts, the third charging voltage Vc3 is still 4.3 volts, and the fourth charging voltage Vc4 is about 45.5 volts.

上述實施例僅係為了方便說明而舉例而已，本發明所主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準，而非僅限於上述實施例。 The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples for convenience of description, and the scope of the claims is intended to be limited to the above embodiments.

1‧‧‧電源管理裝置 1‧‧‧Power management device

11‧‧‧主控制器 11‧‧‧Master Controller

111‧‧‧次控制器 111‧‧‧ controllers

12‧‧‧充電控制電路 12‧‧‧Charging control circuit

121‧‧‧電池模組輸入開關器 121‧‧‧Battery Module Input Switch

122‧‧‧電池芯均壓充電模組 122‧‧‧Battery core equalization charging module

123‧‧‧電池組開關器 123‧‧‧Battery pack switch

124‧‧‧電池串組開關器 124‧‧‧Battery string switch

125‧‧‧電池組充電模組 125‧‧‧Battery Pack Charging Module

13‧‧‧放電控制電路 13‧‧‧Discharge control circuit

131‧‧‧電池模組輸出開關器 131‧‧‧Battery module output switch

14‧‧‧電壓偵測模組 14‧‧‧Voltage detection module

15‧‧‧溫度偵測模組 15‧‧‧Temperature Detection Module

2‧‧‧電池模組 2‧‧‧Battery module

3、3’‧‧‧負載 3, 3'‧‧‧ load

31‧‧‧電源輸出端 31‧‧‧Power output

4‧‧‧充電電源 4‧‧‧Charging power supply

41‧‧‧電源輸入端 41‧‧‧Power input

5‧‧‧顯示裝置 5‧‧‧Display device

6‧‧‧控制器區域網路匯流排 6‧‧‧Controller area network bus

61‧‧‧隔離電路 61‧‧‧Isolation circuit

7‧‧‧記錄模組 7‧‧‧recording module

B1‧‧‧電池芯 B1‧‧‧ battery core

B2‧‧‧電池串 B2‧‧‧ battery string

B3‧‧‧電池串組 B3‧‧‧Battery string

B4‧‧‧電池組 B4‧‧‧Battery Pack

B41‧‧‧電池組輸出端 B41‧‧‧Battery pack output

B42‧‧‧電池組輸入端 B42‧‧‧Battery pack input

VR‧‧‧電池組控制模組 VR‧‧‧Battery Pack Control Module

BG‧‧‧電池串組控制模組 BG‧‧‧Battery string control module

圖1係本發明一較佳實施例之主要系統架構圖。 1 is a block diagram of a main system of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

圖2係本發明第一實施例之電池模組的示意圖。 2 is a schematic view of a battery module according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

圖3係本發明一較佳實施例之放電控制電路的系統架構圖。 3 is a system architecture diagram of a discharge control circuit in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

圖4係本發明一較佳實施例之充電控制電路的系統架構圖。 4 is a system architecture diagram of a charge control circuit in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

圖5係本發明一較佳實施例之放電管理程序之流程圖。 Figure 5 is a flow chart of a discharge management program in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

圖6係本發明一較佳實施例之充電管理程序之流程圖。 6 is a flow chart of a charge management program in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

圖7係本發明第二實施例之電池模組的示意圖。 Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a battery module of a second embodiment of the present invention.

圖8係本發明第二實施例之電池模組的示意圖。 Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing a battery module of a second embodiment of the present invention.

1‧‧‧電源管理裝置 1‧‧‧Power management device

11‧‧‧主控制器 11‧‧‧Master controller

12‧‧‧充電控制電路 12‧‧‧Charging control circuit

13‧‧‧放電控制電路 13‧‧‧Discharge control circuit

2‧‧‧電池模組 2‧‧‧Battery module

3‧‧‧負載 3‧‧‧load

31‧‧‧電源輸出端 31‧‧‧Power output

4‧‧‧充電電源 4‧‧‧Charging power supply

41‧‧‧電源輸入端 41‧‧‧Power input

5‧‧‧顯示裝置 5‧‧‧Display device

6‧‧‧控制器區域網路匯流排 6‧‧‧Controller area network bus

7‧‧‧記錄模組 7‧‧‧recording module

B41‧‧‧電池組輸出端 B41‧‧‧Battery pack output

B42‧‧‧電池組輸入端 B42‧‧‧Battery pack input

Claims (23)

一種電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中該電動交通載具包括一電池模組、及一電源管理裝置，該電源管理方法用以管理該電池模組之放電與充電；該電源管理裝置電性連接該電池模組、連接可插拔的一充電電源及一負載；該電池模組係由複數個併聯的電池組所構成，該電池組係由一個或複數個串聯電池串組所構成，該電池串組係由一個或複數個併聯電池串所構成，該電池串係由複數個串聯的電池芯所構成；該電動交通載具電池組電源管理方法包括一放電管理程序、及一充電管理程序；該放電管理程序包括以下步驟：(Sd1)判斷該電源管理裝置是否有該充電電源輸入，若有則切斷該電源管理裝置之一電源輸出端，若無則進行下一步驟；(Sd2)判斷該電源輸出端、及每一電池組之電池組輸出端之電壓是否低於一第一下限電壓，若有則切斷該電源輸出端之電源輸出，若無則進行下一步驟；(Sd3)由該電源管理裝置將電源經由該電源輸出端輸出至該負載；以及(Sd4)判斷該電源輸出端、及每一電池組之電池組輸出端之電壓是否低於一第二下限電壓，若有則發出一電量耗盡警告訊號；並判斷該電源輸出端之電壓是否低於一第三下限電壓高於該第二下限電壓，若有則發出一低電壓警告訊號； 該充電管理程序包括以下步驟：(Sc1)判斷該電源管理裝置是否有該充電電源輸入，若有則切斷該電源管理裝置之該電源輸出端；(Sc2)若無則判斷每一電池組輸入端的電壓是否高於一第一充電電壓，若有則切斷充電電源進入該電池模組對應之該電池組，若無則連接對應之該電池組進行下一步驟；(Sc3)連接該充電電源與各該電池組進行預充電，並偵測各該電池芯之電壓是否高於一第二充電電壓、或預充電超過一預充時間，若任一電池芯電壓高於該第二充電電壓、或已預充電超過該預充時間中任一者，則對於對應的該電池組停止充電；(Sc4)延遲一預定時間後，重覆上述步驟(Sc3)一次，偵測各該電池芯之電壓是否高於該第二充電電壓或已預充電超過該預充時間，若任一電池芯電壓高於該第二充電電壓或已預充電超過該預充時間中任一者則進行下一步驟；若各該電池芯之電壓低於該第二充電電壓則切斷充電電源進入該電池組並發出對應該電池組之電池充電異常警告訊號；(Sc5)連接該充電電源與各該電池組進行快充電，並偵測各該電池芯之電壓是否高於一第三充電電壓，任一個電池芯之電壓高於該第三充電電壓，則對於對應該電池芯之該電池組停止充電，進入下一步驟；以及(Sc6)切斷各該電池串之併聯連接，對每一電池芯 進行均壓均流充電，直到該充電電源被移除。 A power management method for an electric vehicle battery module, wherein the electric vehicle includes a battery module and a power management device, wherein the power management method is used to manage discharge and charging of the battery module; The device is electrically connected to the battery module, and is connected to a pluggable charging power source and a load; the battery module is composed of a plurality of parallel battery packs, and the battery pack is composed of one or a plurality of series battery strings. The battery string is composed of one or a plurality of parallel battery strings, and the battery string is composed of a plurality of battery cells connected in series; the electric traffic carrier battery pack power management method includes a discharge management program, and a a charging management program; the discharging management program includes the following steps: (Sd1) determining whether the power management device has the charging power input, and if so, cutting off one of the power management devices, if not, proceeding to the next step; (Sd2) determining whether the voltage at the output end of the power source and the output of the battery pack of each battery pack is lower than a first lower limit voltage, and if so, cutting off the power supply The power output of the outlet, if not, proceed to the next step; (Sd3) the power management device outputs power to the load via the power output; and (Sd4) determines the power output, and each battery pack Whether the voltage at the output end of the battery pack is lower than a second lower limit voltage, if any, a power-depletion warning signal is issued; and determining whether the voltage at the output end of the power supply is lower than a third lower limit voltage is higher than the second lower limit voltage, If yes, issue a low voltage warning signal; The charging management program includes the following steps: (Sc1) determining whether the power management device has the charging power input, and if so, cutting off the power output of the power management device; (Sc2) if not, determining each battery input Whether the voltage of the terminal is higher than a first charging voltage, if yes, the charging power source is cut off and enters the battery group corresponding to the battery module, if not, the corresponding battery group is connected to perform the next step; (Sc3) is connected to the charging power source. Precharging with each of the battery packs, and detecting whether the voltage of each of the battery cells is higher than a second charging voltage, or pre-charging exceeds a pre-charging time, if any battery cell voltage is higher than the second charging voltage, Or pre-charging exceeds any of the pre-charging times, then charging is stopped for the corresponding battery pack; (Sc4) after a predetermined time delay, repeating the above step (Sc3) once, detecting the voltage of each of the battery cells Whether the second charging voltage is higher than the second charging voltage or the pre-charging time exceeds the pre-charging time, and if any of the battery core voltages is higher than the second charging voltage or the pre-charging period exceeds the pre-charging time, the next step is performed; If each should When the voltage of the battery core is lower than the second charging voltage, the charging power source is cut off and enters the battery pack, and a battery charging abnormal warning signal corresponding to the battery pack is issued; (Sc5) connecting the charging power source and each of the battery packs for fast charging, and Detecting whether the voltage of each of the battery cells is higher than a third charging voltage, and the voltage of any one of the battery cells is higher than the third charging voltage, then stopping charging of the battery pack corresponding to the battery core, and proceeding to the next step; (Sc6) cutting off the parallel connection of each of the battery strings for each battery cell The voltage equalization current sharing is performed until the charging power source is removed. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sd2)中進一步判斷各該電池組、各該電池串組、各該電池串及各該電池芯中至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第一上限溫度，若有則切斷對應之該電池組之電源輸出，若無則進行該步驟(Sd3)。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 1, wherein in the step (Sd2), each of the battery packs, each of the battery strings, each of the battery strings, and each of the battery packs are further determined. Whether the temperature of at least one of the battery cells is higher than a first upper limit temperature, and if so, the power output of the corresponding battery pack is cut off, and if not, the step (Sd3) is performed. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sd4)中，其進一步判斷每一電池串組之電壓是否低於該第二下限電壓之平均分壓值，若是則切斷對應的該電池組之電源輸出。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 1, wherein in the step (Sd4), it is further determined whether the voltage of each battery string group is lower than the second lower limit voltage. The average partial pressure value, if it is, cuts off the corresponding power output of the battery pack. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sd4)中，其進一步判斷每一電池串組之電壓是否低於一第三下限電壓之平均分壓值而高於該第二下限電壓之平均分壓值，若有則發出該低電壓警告訊號。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 1, wherein in the step (Sd4), it is further determined whether the voltage of each battery string group is lower than a third lower limit voltage. The average divided voltage value is higher than the average divided voltage value of the second lower limit voltage, and if so, the low voltage warning signal is issued. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sd4)中，進一步判斷每一電池組之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度，若是則發出高溫警告訊號；並進一步判斷各該電池組、各該電池串組、各該電池串及各該電池芯中至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第一上限溫度，若是則分別切斷對應的該電池組、對應的該電池串組之電源輸出；其中，該第一上限溫度高於該第二上限溫度之範圍為3度至10度間。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 1, wherein in the step (Sd4), it is further determined whether the temperature of each battery pack is higher than a second upper limit temperature, and if so, And issuing a high temperature warning signal; further determining whether the temperature of each of the battery pack, each of the battery string groups, each of the battery strings, and each of the battery cells is higher than a first upper limit temperature, and if so, respectively cutting off the corresponding The battery pack, the corresponding power output of the battery string; wherein the first upper limit temperature is higher than the second upper limit temperature range of 3 degrees to 10 degrees. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，該放電管理程序之步驟(Sd4)後更包括一步驟(Sd5)；(Sd5)儲存該電源輸出端之電壓數值。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 1, wherein the step (Sd4) of the discharge management program further comprises a step (Sd5); (Sd5) storing the output end of the power supply Voltage value. 如申請專利範圍第6項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sd5)中，其進一步儲存每一電池組、每一電池串組、每一電池串及每一電池芯至少其一者之電壓數值；並進一步儲存每一電池組、每一電池串組、每一電池串及每一電池芯至少其一者之溫度數值。 The power management method for the electric vehicle battery module according to claim 6, wherein in the step (Sd5), the battery pack, each battery string, each battery string and At least one of the voltage values of each of the battery cells; and further storing a temperature value of at least one of each of the battery packs, each of the battery strings, each of the battery strings, and each of the battery cells. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sc3)中進一步：偵測各該電池串組之電壓是否高於一第四充電電壓，若高於該第四充電電壓則對於對應的該電池組停止充電；偵測各該電池串組、各該電池串及各該電池芯中至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度，若高於該第二上限溫度則對應的該電池組或該電池串組停止充電。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein, in the step (Sc3), further detecting: whether the voltage of each of the battery strings is higher than a fourth charging voltage, If the fourth charging voltage is higher than the fourth charging voltage, stopping charging for the corresponding battery group; detecting whether the temperature of each of the battery string group, each of the battery strings, and each of the battery cells is higher than a second upper limit temperature If the second upper limit temperature is higher than the second upper limit temperature, the corresponding battery pack or the battery string group stops charging. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sc4)中進一步：偵測各該電池串組之電壓是否高於該第四充電電壓，若是則進行步驟(Sc5)，若否則切斷充電電源進入對應的該電池組並發出電池充電異常警告訊號；偵測各該電池串組、各該電池串及各該電池芯中至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度，若高於該第二上限溫度則 對於對應的該電池組停止充電並發出電池充電異常警告訊號。 The power management method of the electric vehicle battery module according to claim 1, wherein in the step (Sc4), detecting whether the voltage of each of the battery strings is higher than the fourth charging voltage, If yes, proceed to step (Sc5), if otherwise, the charging power supply is turned off to enter the corresponding battery pack and a battery charging abnormality warning signal is issued; and at least one of each of the battery string group, each of the battery strings, and each of the battery cells is detected. Whether the temperature is higher than a second upper limit temperature, if higher than the second upper limit temperature The corresponding battery pack stops charging and a battery charging abnormal warning signal is issued. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sc5)中，進一步偵測各該電池串組、各該電池串及各該電池芯中至少任一者之溫度是否高於一第二上限溫度，若高於該第二上限溫度則對應的該電池組停止充電。 The power management method for the electric vehicle battery module according to claim 1, wherein in the step (Sc5), each of the battery strings, each of the battery strings, and each of the battery cells are further detected. Whether the temperature of at least one of the batteries is higher than a second upper limit temperature, and if the temperature is higher than the second upper limit temperature, the corresponding battery pack stops charging. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sc6)中，均壓均流充電之充電電流為該電池芯標稱容量之0.1C以下。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 1, wherein in the step (Sc6), the charging current of the equalizing current charging is 0.1 C or less of the nominal capacity of the battery core. . 如申請專利範圍第11項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sc6)中，當任一電池芯之電壓高於該第三充電電壓時，將對應於該電池芯之均壓均流充電的充電電流降為該電池芯標稱容量之0.01C以下。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 11, wherein in the step (Sc6), when the voltage of any of the battery cells is higher than the third charging voltage, it corresponds to The charging current of the voltage equalizing current charging of the battery cell is reduced to 0.01 C or less of the nominal capacity of the battery core. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，該放電管理程序之步驟(Sc6)後更包括一步驟(Sc7)；(Sc7)儲存每一電池組、每一電池串組、每一電池串、及每一電池芯中至少其一或其組合之電壓數值。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 1, wherein the step (Sc6) of the discharge management program further comprises a step (Sc7); (Sc7) storing each battery pack, A voltage value of at least one or a combination of each of the battery strings, each battery string, and each battery cell. 如申請專利範圍第13項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該步驟(Sc7)中，進一步儲存該每一電池串組、每一電池串及每一電池芯至少其一或其組合之溫度數值。 The power management method of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 13 , wherein in the step (Sc7), each of the battery strings, each battery string and each battery core are further stored. The temperature value of one or a combination thereof. 如申請專利範圍第1至14項任一項所述電動交通載具 電池模組之電源管理方法，其中，於該放電管理程序及該充電管理程序所儲存之數據、切斷電源輸出狀況、停止充電狀況及各警告訊號係藉由一控制器區域網路(Controller Area Network，CAN)進行傳輸。 The electric traffic vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 14 The power management method of the battery module, wherein the data stored in the discharge management program and the charge management program, the power output status, the stop charging status, and the warning signals are controlled by a controller area network (Controller Area) Network, CAN) for transmission. 一種電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置，係用以管理一電動交通載具之一電池模組之放電與充電；該電源管理裝置電性連接該電池模組、連接可插拔的一充電電源及一負載；該電池模組係由複數個併聯的電池組所構成，該電池組係由複數個串聯電池串組所構成，該電池串組係由一個或複數個併聯電池串所構成，該電池串係由複數個串聯的電池芯所構成；該電源管理裝置包括：一主控制器、對應於各該電池組之一電池組控制模組、及對應於各該電池串組之一電池串組控制模組；一充電控制電路、及一放電控制電路，其分別電性連接於該主控制器；其中，該放電控制電路包括連接於該主控制器之一電池模組輸出開關器，該電池模組輸出開關器用以控制該電池模組之電源輸出至該負載；每一電池串組控制模組包括一電池串組開關器、及一電壓偵測模組，該電壓偵測模組用以偵測該電池串組、該電池串、及該電池芯之電壓中至少其一；該電池串組開關器電性連接於對應之該電池串組輸出端、及該電池組控制模組，用以控制該電池串組之電源 輸出或輸入；每一電池組控制模組包括一電池組開關器、及一次控制器，該次控制器電性連接該電池組開關器，用以控制該電池串組之電源輸出或輸入；其中，該充電控制電路包括對應於各電池組之一電池模組輸入開關器、一電池組充電模組、以及對應於各該電池芯之一電池芯均壓充電模組；該電池模組輸入開關器係用以控制該電池模組之充電電源輸入；各該電池組充電器電性連接於對應之電池組，並用以對該電池組進行充電控制；該電池芯均壓充電模組電性連接於對應之每一電池芯，並用以對該電池芯進行充電控制。 A power management device for an electric vehicle battery module for managing discharge and charging of a battery module of an electric traffic vehicle; the power management device is electrically connected to the battery module and connected to the pluggable one a charging power source and a load; the battery module is composed of a plurality of parallel battery packs, wherein the battery pack is composed of a plurality of series battery strings, and the battery string group is composed of one or a plurality of parallel battery strings. The battery string is composed of a plurality of battery cells connected in series; the power management device includes: a main controller, a battery pack control module corresponding to each of the battery packs, and one of the battery strings corresponding to each a battery string control module; a charging control circuit and a discharge control circuit respectively electrically connected to the main controller; wherein the discharge control circuit comprises a battery module output switch connected to the main controller The battery module output switch is configured to control a power output of the battery module to the load; each battery string control module includes a battery string switch and a voltage detection mode The voltage detecting module is configured to detect at least one of a voltage of the battery string, the battery string, and the battery core; the battery string switch is electrically connected to the corresponding battery string output end, And the battery pack control module for controlling the power of the battery string Output or input; each battery pack control module includes a battery pack switch and a primary controller, the secondary controller is electrically connected to the battery pack switch for controlling the power output or input of the battery string; The charging control circuit includes a battery module input switch corresponding to each battery pack, a battery pack charging module, and a battery core equalizing charging module corresponding to each of the battery cells; the battery module input switch The device is used for controlling the charging power input of the battery module; each of the battery pack chargers is electrically connected to the corresponding battery pack, and is used for charging control of the battery pack; the battery core equalizing charging module is electrically connected Corresponding to each battery core, and used to charge control the battery core. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置，其中，該主控制及各該次控制器係用以執行如申請專利範圍第1~15項中任一項所述之電動交通載具電池組電源管理方法。 The power management device of the electric vehicle battery module according to claim 16, wherein the main control and each of the controllers are used to perform any one of the first to fifteenth patent applications. The electric power transportation vehicle battery pack power management method is described. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置，其中，該放電控制電路控制該電池模組輸出電壓最高為VRU=VnU×Ns×Nk，輸出電壓最低為VRL=VnL×Ns×Nk，其中VnU=(Vf-Ve)+V0，VnL=-(Vf-Ve)+V0，Ns為該電池串之該電池芯之數量，Nk為該電池組之該電池串組之數量，VnU為每一電池芯控制輸出最高電壓，Vn為電池芯之標稱電壓，Vf為電池芯之完全充飽可放電之最高電壓，Ve為電池芯之安全放電最低電壓，VnL為每一電池芯控制輸出最低電壓，V0滿足下列條件； The power management device of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 16, wherein the discharge control circuit controls the output voltage of the battery module to be at most V RU = V nU × N s × N k , and the output voltage The lowest is V RL = V nL × N s × N k , where V nU = (V f - Ve) + V 0 , V nL = - (V f - Ve) + V 0 , N s is the battery string The number of battery cells, N k is the number of the battery string of the battery pack, V nU is the highest voltage for each cell control output, V n is the nominal voltage of the battery core, and V f is the full charge of the battery core The highest voltage that can be discharged, V e is the safe discharge minimum voltage of the battery core, V nL is the minimum output voltage of each battery control output, and V 0 satisfies the following conditions; 如申請專利範圍第16項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置，其中，各該電池串組控制模組進一步包含一溫度偵測模組，其用以偵測該電池組溫度、該電池串組溫度、該電池串溫度及該電池芯溫度中至少其一。 The power management device of the electric vehicle battery module according to claim 16, wherein each of the battery string control modules further includes a temperature detecting module for detecting the temperature of the battery pack, At least one of the battery string temperature, the battery string temperature, and the cell temperature. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置，其中，該電源管理裝置進一步包含一顯示裝置，其電性連接該主控制器、及各該次控制器，並用以顯示該電池模組、各該電池組、各該電池串組、各該電池串及各該電池芯中至少其之一或其組合的現況狀態或分析結果之一或其組合。 The power management device of the electric vehicle battery module according to claim 16, wherein the power management device further comprises a display device electrically connected to the main controller and each of the controllers, and used And displaying one or a combination of the current state or the analysis result of the battery module, each of the battery packs, each of the battery strings, each of the battery strings, and at least one of the battery cells or a combination thereof. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置，其中，該電源管理裝置進一步包括一記錄模組，其係電性連接該主控制器、及各該次控制器，並用以儲存該電池模組、各該電池組、各該電池串組、各該電池串、及各該電池芯中至少其之一或其組合的現況狀態或分析結果之一或其組合之數據。 The power management device of the electric vehicle battery module according to claim 16, wherein the power management device further comprises a recording module electrically connected to the main controller and each of the controllers And storing one or a combination of the current state or analysis result of the battery module, each of the battery packs, each of the battery strings, each of the battery strings, and at least one of the battery cells or a combination thereof data. 如申請專利範圍第16項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置，其中，各該電池串組控制模組、各該電池組控制模組、該充電控制電路、及該放電控制電路中至少其一設有一控制器區域網路匯流排，該電壓偵測模組、及該溫度偵測模組將所偵測到的數據及分析數據，透過該控制器區域網路匯流排進行傳輸。 The power management device of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 16, wherein each of the battery string control module, each of the battery pack control module, the charging control circuit, and the discharge control circuit At least one of the controllers has a controller area network bus, and the voltage detecting module and the temperature detecting module transmit the detected data and the analysis data through the controller area network bus . 如申請專利範圍第22項所述電動交通載具電池模組之電源管理裝置，其中，各該溫度偵測模組、各該電壓偵測模組、及各該控制器區域網路匯流排中至少其一設有一隔離電路，用以隔離該控制器區域網路匯流排、該主控制器、該次控制器、該電池模組、電池串組之電壓、該電池串之電壓、該溫度偵測模組、及該電壓偵測模組中至少其一，以避免電源電磁輻射干擾。 The power management device of the electric traffic vehicle battery module according to claim 22, wherein each of the temperature detecting modules, each of the voltage detecting modules, and each of the controller area network bus bars At least one of the isolation circuits is provided for isolating the controller area network bus, the main controller, the secondary controller, the battery module, the battery string voltage, the voltage of the battery string, the temperature detection At least one of the measurement module and the voltage detection module to avoid electromagnetic radiation interference of the power source.
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