TW201411922A - Grapheme electrode - Google Patents

Grapheme electrode Download PDF

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TW201411922A
TW201411922A TW101133012A TW101133012A TW201411922A TW 201411922 A TW201411922 A TW 201411922A TW 101133012 A TW101133012 A TW 101133012A TW 101133012 A TW101133012 A TW 101133012A TW 201411922 A TW201411922 A TW 201411922A
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Taiwan
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graphene
oxide
sheets
electrode
substrate
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TW101133012A
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Chinese (zh)
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guo-xing Zhang
You-Ming Lin
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Taiwan Bluestone Technology Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention provides a grapheme electrode comprises a substrate, a plurality of grapheme sheets, and an electrical activity structure. The substrate has an upper surface capable of conducting electricity. The grapheme sheets stand on the upper surface of the substrate and are upwardly extended by mutually spacing at intervals. The electrical activity structure is located at the intervals and connected to surfaces of the grapheme sheets. By utilizing the grapheme electrode having standing type grapheme sheets and incorporating the electrical activity structure formed on the surfaces of the grapheme sheets, high surface area, good conductivity, and excellent chemical stability can be achieved in the electrode substrate.

Description

石墨烯電極 Graphene electrode

本發明是有關於一種電極，特別是指一種具有石墨烯片的石墨烯電極。 The present invention relates to an electrode, and more particularly to a graphene electrode having a graphene sheet.

石墨烯片因為具有高表面積(~2630 m2/g)、足夠的孔洞特性、優異的導電性、寬廣電位工作窗，與豐富的表面化學，因此，利用石墨烯片製備催化劑、電極、儲氫材料已經被視為下世代的材料。 Graphene sheets have high surface area (~2630 m 2 /g), sufficient pore characteristics, excellent conductivity, wide potential working window, and abundant surface chemistry. Therefore, catalysts, electrodes, and hydrogen storage are prepared by using graphene sheets. Materials have been considered as materials for the next generation.

一般製備石墨烯複合電極的方式是先製備石墨烯片，接著將石墨烯片分散在一溶液(水或一般有機溶劑)之後，再將金屬或是氧化物顆粒加入石墨烯片分散液中，形成均勻的分散物，以得到活性奈米顆粒/石墨烯片的複合粉末；例如，Zhong-Shuai Wu等人(Zhong-Shuai Wu,Da-Wei Wang,Wencai Ren,Jinping Zhao,Guangmin Zhou,Feng Li,and Hui-Ming Cheng,Anchoring Hydrous RuO2 on Graphene Sheets for High-Performance Electrochemical Capacitors,Adv.Funct.Mater.20(2010)3595-3602)於2010年發表的論文即揭示一種先利用sol-gel方式製備活性奈米顆粒，接著再將該些活性奈米顆粒分散至石墨烯片而得到一種可用於電化學電容器之石墨烯電極。但是，以此方式形成的複合粉末容易因為石墨烯片結構間凡得瓦爾力的影響，團聚糾結而不易在溶液中分散，無法與該活性奈米顆粒型成均勻分散的分散物，導致石墨烯片的真實性能表現比預估值還要低 很多，也影響了製得的石墨烯電極的效能。 Generally, a graphene composite electrode is prepared by first preparing a graphene sheet, and then dispersing the graphene sheet in a solution (water or a general organic solvent), and then adding the metal or oxide particles to the graphene sheet dispersion to form a uniform dispersion to obtain a composite powder of active nanoparticle/graphene sheets; for example, Zhong-Shuai Wu et al. (Zhong-Shuai Wu, Da-Wei Wang, Wencai Ren, Jinping Zhao, Guangmin Zhou, Feng Li, And Hui-Ming Cheng, Anchoring Hydrous RuO 2 on Graphene Sheets for High-Performance Electrochemical Capacitors, Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 (2010) 3595-3602) The paper published in 2010 reveals a method of preparation by sol-gel method. The activated nanoparticles are then dispersed into the graphene sheets to obtain a graphene electrode which can be used for an electrochemical capacitor. However, the composite powder formed in this way is easily affected by the van der Waals force between the graphene sheet structures, agglomerated and entangled, and is not easily dispersed in the solution, and cannot be uniformly dispersed with the active nanoparticle type, resulting in graphene. The actual performance of the film is much lower than the estimated value, which also affects the performance of the produced graphene electrode.

或是為了改善前述石墨烯片的分散性問題，也有研究(Hao Zhang,Xiaojun Lv,Yueming Li,Ying Wang,and Jinghong Li,P25-Graphene Composite as a High Performance Photocatalyst,ACS Nano 4(2010)380-386)將活性奈米顆粒(TiO2)先與石墨烯片氧化物(Graphene oxide)混合，利用石墨烯片氧化物的極性官能基增加其在溶液中的分散性，讓石墨烯片氧化物與活性奈米顆粒先形成混合均勻的分散物後，再將石墨烯片氧化物還原成石墨烯片，以獲得分散均勻性較佳的活性奈米顆粒/石墨烯片複合粉末，而形成具有高效催化性能的複合型催化劑。然而，以此方法所得的複合粉末，其活性奈米顆粒也會因為被還原後的石墨烯片聚集而被包在石墨烯片團聚物內部而無法有效被利用，因此，也無法完全表現石墨烯片預期的效能。此外，利用石墨烯片氧化物還原而得到石墨烯片的方式，由於石墨烯片是藉由石墨烯片氧化物還原所得，所以其導電性比起其它方式獲得的石墨烯片還來的差。 Or to improve the dispersibility of the aforementioned graphene sheets, there are also studies (Hao Zhang, Xiaojun Lv, Yueming Li, Ying Wang, and Jinghong Li, P25-Graphene Composite as a High Performance Photocatalyst, ACS Nano 4 (2010) 380- 386) The active nanoparticle (TiO 2 ) is first mixed with graphene oxide (Graphene oxide), and the polar functional group of the graphene sheet oxide is used to increase the dispersibility in the solution, so that the graphene sheet oxide and After the active nanoparticle first forms a uniformly mixed dispersion, the graphene sheet oxide is reduced to a graphene sheet to obtain a reactive nanoparticle/graphene sheet composite powder with better dispersion uniformity, thereby forming a highly efficient catalyst. A composite catalyst of performance. However, in the composite powder obtained by this method, the active nanoparticles are also encapsulated in the graphene sheet agglomerates due to the aggregation of the graphene sheets after the reduction, and cannot be effectively utilized, and therefore, the graphene cannot be fully expressed. The expected performance of the film. Further, in the form of a graphene sheet obtained by reduction of a graphene sheet oxide, since the graphene sheet is obtained by reduction of a graphene sheet oxide, the conductivity thereof is inferior to that of the graphene sheet obtained in other manners.

此外，無論是以前述何種方式製得的複合粉末，當要將該複合粉末形成在一基材時，都會再將該複合粉末分散於添加黏著劑的溶劑中製作塗佈漿料後，再將該塗佈漿料塗佈在該基材，而這樣的製程過程也會讓已分散的石墨烯片因為結構間的凡得瓦爾力再度團聚糾結，而破壞複合粉末整體的分散均勻性。 Further, in the composite powder obtained in any of the above manners, when the composite powder is to be formed on a substrate, the composite powder is dispersed in a solvent to which an adhesive is added to prepare a coating slurry, and then The coating slurry is applied to the substrate, and such a process also causes the dispersed graphene sheets to break the uniformity of dispersion of the composite powder as a result of re-agglomeration of the van der Waals force between the structures.

因此，本發明之目的，即在提供一種可提升電極的總電容量並增加電極循環壽命的石墨烯電極。 Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a graphene electrode which can increase the total capacitance of the electrode and increase the cycle life of the electrode.

於是，本發明一種石墨烯電極，包含一個基材、多片石墨烯片，及一個活性金屬結構。 Thus, a graphene electrode of the present invention comprises a substrate, a plurality of graphene sheets, and an active metal structure.

該基材具有一個可導電的上表面。 The substrate has an electrically conductive upper surface.

該些石墨烯片是自該基材的上表面且彼此呈一間隙向上延伸。 The graphene sheets extend upward from the upper surface of the substrate and with a gap therebetween.

該電活性結構位於該些間隙並與該些石墨烯片的表面連接。 The electroactive structure is located in the gaps and is connected to the surfaces of the graphene sheets.

有關本發明之前述及其他技術內容、特點與功效，在以下配合參考圖式之一個較佳實施例的詳細說明中，將可清楚的呈現。 The above and other technical contents, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments.

參閱圖1、圖2，圖2是圖1圈示處之局部放大示意圖，本發明石墨烯電極的一較佳實施例包含一個基材2、多片站立的石墨烯片3，及一個電活性結構4。 1 and 2, FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view of the circled portion of FIG. 1. A preferred embodiment of the graphene electrode of the present invention comprises a substrate 2, a plurality of standing graphene sheets 3, and an electroactive Structure 4.

該基材2具有一個可導電並與外界電連接的上表面21，用於將自該些石墨烯片3及該電活性結構4傳遞的電荷集中後向外界輸出，該基材2可以是直接由金屬或合金金屬，例如金、銀、鎳、銅、金合金、銀合金，或不銹鋼等材料構成，或是經由在一個絕緣基板上形成一層由前述的金屬或是合金金屬材料構成的金屬層而得。 The substrate 2 has an upper surface 21 that is electrically conductive and electrically connected to the outside, and is used for discharging the charges transferred from the graphene sheets 3 and the electroactive structure 4 to the outside, and the substrate 2 can be directly Made of a metal or alloy metal, such as gold, silver, nickel, copper, gold alloy, silver alloy, or stainless steel, or by forming a metal layer of the foregoing metal or alloy metal material on an insulating substrate. And got it.

該些石墨烯片3是自該基材2的上表面21且彼此呈一間隙31向上延伸。 The graphene sheets 3 are extended upward from the upper surface 21 of the substrate 2 with a gap 31 therebetween.

詳細的說，該些石墨烯片3為實質站立於該上表面21，且為了避免後續在沉積該電活性結構4的過程中因為該些石墨烯片3的間隙31過小而影響該電活性結構4向下沉積於該些間隙31，而減少該電活性結構4與該些石墨烯片3的接觸點，或是因為間隙31過大而讓該些石墨烯片3在單位表面積的密度過小，較佳地，該些石墨烯片3的間隙31介於10 nm~100 μm之間。此外，為了避免因為石墨烯片3的長度過長，於使用該石墨烯片電極時造成電解液離子擴散距離增加而影響石墨烯片電極的利用率與功率性能下降的缺點，該些石墨烯片3的長度介於10 nm~1000 μm之間。 In detail, the graphene sheets 3 are substantially standing on the upper surface 21, and in order to avoid subsequent influence on the electroactive structure in the process of depositing the electroactive structure 4, the gaps 31 of the graphene sheets 3 are too small. 4 is deposited downward in the gaps 31 to reduce the contact point of the electroactive structure 4 with the graphene sheets 3, or because the gap 31 is too large, the density of the graphene sheets 3 on the unit surface area is too small. Preferably, the gaps 31 of the graphene sheets 3 are between 10 nm and 100 μm. In addition, in order to avoid the disadvantage that the length of the graphene sheet 3 is too long, the ion diffusion distance of the electrolyte is increased to affect the utilization rate and power performance of the graphene sheet electrode, the graphene sheet is used. The length of 3 is between 10 nm and 1000 μm.

具體的說，該些石墨烯片3是以微波電漿加強化學沉積方式(MPECVD)而得，茲將該些石墨烯片3的製作方法簡述如下。 Specifically, the graphene sheets 3 are obtained by microwave plasma enhanced chemical deposition (MPECVD), and the preparation methods of the graphene sheets 3 are briefly described below.

首先，將該基材2置於一反應腔中，在無氧氣氛下，以乙炔(Acetylene，40sccm)、氫氣(H2，60sccm)為碳源的前驅物通入該反應腔中，並在壓力40Torr、溫度800℃的條件下進行MPECVD，即可得到自該基材2的上表面21向上延伸並具有預定長度的石墨烯片3。 First, the substrate 2 is placed in a reaction chamber, and an precursor of acetylene (Acetylene, 40 sccm) and hydrogen (H 2 , 60 sccm) as a carbon source is introduced into the reaction chamber under an oxygen-free atmosphere, and MPECVD was carried out under the conditions of a pressure of 40 Torr and a temperature of 800 ° C to obtain a graphene sheet 3 extending upward from the upper surface 21 of the substrate 2 and having a predetermined length.

此外，要說明的是，當該基材2的材料是選自分解前驅物效能較差的金屬時，例如銅，則於利用MPECVD進行該些石墨烯片3的成長反應前可先於該基材3的上表面形成一層由過鍍金屬，例如鎳、鐵、鈷、鉑，或前述其中一金屬的合金所構成的催化膜，以促進對該碳源前驅物的分 解效率；又，為了減少該基材2上表面21的氧化物影響碳原子的沉積而影響石墨烯片3的形成，因此，在進行MPECVD製程前，可先在氫氣、600℃的處理條件下對該基材2進行前處理，消除該基材2上表面21的氧化物。 In addition, when the material of the substrate 2 is selected from a metal having poor decomposing precursors, such as copper, the substrate may be prior to the growth reaction of the graphene sheets 3 by MPECVD. The upper surface of 3 forms a catalytic film composed of an overplated metal such as nickel, iron, cobalt, platinum, or an alloy of one of the foregoing metals to promote the separation of the carbon source precursor The efficiency of the solution; in addition, in order to reduce the deposition of carbon atoms on the surface 21 of the substrate 2, the formation of the graphene sheet 3 is affected. Therefore, before the MPECVD process, the hydrogen can be processed under the condition of 600 ° C. The substrate 2 is pretreated to remove oxides on the upper surface 21 of the substrate 2.

該電活性結構4位於該些間隙31並與該些石墨烯片3的表面連接，其構成材料可選自矽、金屬，及金屬氧化物，較佳地，該金屬選自金、鉑、釕、鎳、鈷、錫，及前述其中一組合，該金屬氧化物選自氧化釕、氧化錳、氧化鎳、氧化鈷、氧化鈦、氧化釩，及前述其中一組合。 The electroactive structure 4 is located in the gaps 31 and is connected to the surface of the graphene sheets 3. The constituent material may be selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, a metal, and a metal oxide. Preferably, the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum, and rhodium. And nickel, cobalt, tin, and a combination of the foregoing, the metal oxide being selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, manganese oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, and a combination thereof.

該電活性結構4可以是由多數個分佈形成於該些石墨烯片3的間隙31並與該些石墨烯片3表面彼此接觸的活性顆粒41構成，或是由多層對應形成於該些石墨烯片3表面的薄膜所構成。 The electroactive structure 4 may be composed of a plurality of active particles 41 formed on the gaps 31 of the graphene sheets 3 and in contact with the surfaces of the graphene sheets 3, or may be formed by the plurality of layers corresponding to the graphene. The film on the surface of the sheet 3 is composed.

具體的說，該電活性結構4可以利用電化學陰極沉積、電化學陽極沉積、化學沉積、濺鍍或蒸鍍等方式形成在該些石墨烯片3的表面。例如，當欲利用電化學陰極沉積方式於該些石墨烯片3的表面形成該以金屬或是矽為材料構成的電活性結構4時，係先將該上表面21形成有站立分布的石墨烯片3的基材2浸置在一含有金屬離子或是矽的前驅物的電鍍液(飽和水溶液、有機溶劑、或離子液體)中，並施予一個負電場，讓金屬離子或是矽的前驅物還原，即可在該些石墨烯片3表面沉積而得到顆粒或是薄膜態樣的電活性結構4；或是利用濺鍍方式，藉由濺鍍參數的控制也可於該些石墨烯片3的表面沉積而得到顆粒或是薄 膜態樣的電活性結構4。於圖2中，該電活性結構4是由多數個分佈形成於該些石墨烯片3的間隙31並與該些石墨烯片3表面彼此接觸的活性顆粒41為例作說明。 In particular, the electroactive structure 4 can be formed on the surface of the graphene sheets 3 by means of electrochemical cathodic deposition, electrochemical anodic deposition, chemical deposition, sputtering or evaporation. For example, when the electroactive structure 4 made of metal or tantalum is formed on the surface of the graphene sheets 3 by electrochemical cathodic deposition, the upper surface 21 is first formed with standing graphene. The substrate 2 of the sheet 3 is immersed in a plating solution (saturated aqueous solution, organic solvent, or ionic liquid) containing a metal ion or a ruthenium precursor, and a negative electric field is applied to allow the metal ion or the precursor of the ruthenium. The material is reduced, and the surface of the graphene sheet 3 can be deposited to obtain a particle or film-like electroactive structure 4; or by sputtering, the graphene sheet can also be controlled by sputtering parameters. The surface of 3 is deposited to obtain particles or thin Membrane-like electroactive structure 4. In FIG. 2, the electroactive structure 4 is exemplified by a plurality of active particles 41 which are formed on the gaps 31 of the graphene sheets 3 and which are in contact with the surfaces of the graphene sheets 3.

要再說明的是，當該電活性結構4是由多數活性顆粒41所構成時，本發明該石墨烯電極可利用該電活性結構4的材料選擇而應用在不同的領域；例如，當該些活性顆粒41是由矽(Si)或是錫(Sn)構成時，該石墨烯電極可以作為鋰離子電池的負極；當該些活性顆粒41是選自金屬氧化物為材料時，該石墨烯電極適合應用在超高電容器的電極或是鋰離子電池的電極；而當該些活性顆粒41是選自金屬為材料時，則該石墨烯電極可應用於燃料電池電極(陰極或陽極)，或是應用在電化學感測電極。而為了避免因該些活性顆粒41的粒徑過大影響活性物質的活性、利用率與反應離子擴散問題；或是粒徑過小無法有效均勻的分佈在該些石墨烯片3的表面而會直接沉積在該基材2的上表面21或是化學穩定性不佳而造成材料活性快速衰退；較佳地，該些活性顆粒41的粒徑不大於該些石墨烯片3的間隙31，且介於1nm~20μm之間。 It is to be noted that when the electroactive structure 4 is composed of a plurality of active particles 41, the graphene electrode of the present invention can be applied to different fields by using the material selection of the electroactive structure 4; for example, when When the active particles 41 are composed of cerium (Si) or tin (Sn), the graphene electrode can serve as a negative electrode of a lithium ion battery; when the active particles 41 are selected from a metal oxide, the graphene electrode It is suitable for use in an electrode of an ultra-high capacitor or an electrode of a lithium ion battery; and when the active particles 41 are selected from a metal material, the graphene electrode can be applied to a fuel cell electrode (cathode or anode), or Applied to electrochemical sensing electrodes. In order to avoid the problem of the activity, utilization rate and reactive ion diffusion of the active material due to the excessive particle size of the active particles 41, or the particle size is too small to be effectively and uniformly distributed on the surface of the graphene sheets 3, direct deposition is performed. The upper surface 21 of the substrate 2 is not chemically stable, resulting in rapid degradation of material activity; preferably, the particle diameter of the active particles 41 is not larger than the gap 31 of the graphene sheets 3, and Between 1nm and 20μm.

此外，當該電活性結構4是呈現形成於該些石墨烯片3表面的薄膜態樣時，因該些石墨烯片3表面之電化學活性物質數量的增加，該石墨烯電極則可提高整體電極材料之總表現；但若薄膜厚度太厚以致填滿整個站立石墨烯片3之間的空隙31時，則會出現電解液離子擴散的問題，此時該些石墨烯片3僅扮演電子傳遞的角色，適用於低反應速 度之高能量電池之電極。 In addition, when the electroactive structure 4 exhibits a film state formed on the surface of the graphene sheets 3, the graphene electrode can improve the overall amount due to an increase in the number of electrochemically active substances on the surface of the graphene sheets 3. The total performance of the electrode material; however, if the film thickness is too thick to fill the gap 31 between the standing graphene sheets 3, there is a problem that the electrolyte ions diffuse, and at this time, the graphene sheets 3 only serve as electron transport. Role for low response rates The electrode of a high-energy battery.

又，值得一提的是，該基材2的上表面21也可以是具有多孔性結構的表面，藉由多孔性結構產生的高表面積，可提升電極本身單位幾何面積下石墨烯片3的數量，增加製得之石墨烯電極的比表面積而可提升石墨烯電極在電化學領域的性能表現。 Moreover, it is worth mentioning that the upper surface 21 of the substrate 2 may also be a surface having a porous structure, and the high surface area generated by the porous structure can increase the number of graphene sheets 3 per unit geometric area of the electrode itself. The specific surface area of the obtained graphene electrode can be increased to improve the performance of the graphene electrode in the electrochemical field.

綜上所述，本發明的石墨烯電極利用站立的石墨烯片3搭配電活性結構4而形成具有3D型態的電極，藉由3D型態分布的石墨烯片3所提供的高表面積，加強活性顆粒的分散性與利用率，令電子可以經由分散在石墨烯片3表面的電活性結構4透過站立的石墨烯片3順暢地傳遞至該集電基材2而具有更高的效率，因此，可解決習知平面堆積型的石墨烯電極因為石墨烯片3為彼此堆疊，電子於垂直方向傳遞效率較低，且電解液與反應物不液滲透到石墨烯片3層內部的缺點；此外，由於石墨烯片3本身具有的開放性孔洞結構，除了可以讓電解液與反應物便利的滲透至電極的內部，更可提供離子遷入石墨烯片3造成的晶格膨脹所需的空間，而可顯著改善石墨烯電極的循環壽命，故確實可達成本發明之目的。 In summary, the graphene electrode of the present invention forms a 3D-type electrode by using the standing graphene sheet 3 together with the electroactive structure 4, and is strengthened by the high surface area provided by the 3D-type graphene sheet 3. The dispersibility and utilization of the active particles make it possible for electrons to be smoothly transmitted to the current collecting substrate 2 through the electroactive structure 4 dispersed on the surface of the graphene sheet 3 through the standing graphene sheet 3, thereby achieving higher efficiency. It can solve the conventional planar-type graphene electrode because the graphene sheets 3 are stacked on each other, the electrons are transmitted in the vertical direction with low efficiency, and the electrolyte and the reactants do not penetrate into the inside of the graphene sheet 3 layer; Because of the open pore structure of the graphene sheet 3, in addition to allowing the electrolyte and the reactant to conveniently penetrate into the interior of the electrode, the space required for the lattice expansion caused by the ion migration into the graphene sheet 3 can be provided. However, the cycle life of the graphene electrode can be significantly improved, so it is indeed possible to achieve the purpose of the invention.

惟以上所述者，僅為本發明之較佳實施例而已，當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍，即大凡依本發明申請專利範圍及發明說明內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾，皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。 The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, that is, the simple equivalent changes and modifications made by the scope of the invention and the description of the invention are All remain within the scope of the invention patent.

2‧‧‧基材 2‧‧‧Substrate

21‧‧‧上表面 21‧‧‧ upper surface

3‧‧‧石墨烯片 3‧‧‧graphene tablets

31‧‧‧間隙 31‧‧‧ gap

4‧‧‧電活性結構 4‧‧‧Electrically active structure

41‧‧‧活性顆粒 41‧‧‧Active particles

圖1是一示意圖，說明本發明石墨烯片電極的較佳實施例；及圖2是圖1圈示處的局部放大圖，輔助說明奈米顆粒/站立式石墨烯片之3D結構圖。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a preferred embodiment of a graphene sheet electrode of the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the circled portion of Fig. 1, which assists in explaining a 3D structure diagram of a nanoparticle/standing graphene sheet.

3‧‧‧石墨烯片 3‧‧‧graphene tablets

31‧‧‧間隙 31‧‧‧ gap

4‧‧‧電活性結構 4‧‧‧Electrically active structure

41‧‧‧活性顆粒 41‧‧‧Active particles

Claims (8)

一種石墨烯電極，包含：一個基材，具有一個可導電的上表面；多片石墨烯片，自該上表面且彼此呈一間隙向上延伸；及一個電活性結構，位於該些間隙並與該些石墨烯片的表面連接。 A graphene electrode comprising: a substrate having an electrically conductive upper surface; a plurality of graphene sheets extending upward from the upper surface with a gap therebetween; and an electroactive structure located in the gaps and The surface connections of some graphene sheets. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述的石墨烯電極，其中，該些石墨烯片為實質站立於該上表面，且該些石墨烯片的間隙介於10 nm~100 μm之間。 The graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets are substantially standing on the upper surface, and the gaps of the graphene sheets are between 10 nm and 100 μm. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述的石墨烯電極，其中，該些石墨烯片的長度介於10 nm~1000 μm。 The graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets have a length of 10 nm to 1000 μm. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述的石墨烯電極，其中，該電活性結構的構成材料選自矽、金屬，或金屬氧化物。 The graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein the electroactive structure is made of a material selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, a metal, or a metal oxide. 依據申請專利範圍第4項所述的石墨烯電極，其中，該金屬選自金、鉑、釕、鎳、鈷、錫，及前述其中一組合，該金屬氧化物選自氧化釕、氧化錳、氧化鎳、氧化鈷、氧化鈦、氧化釩，及前述其中一組合。 The graphene electrode according to claim 4, wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of gold, platinum, rhodium, nickel, cobalt, tin, and a combination of the foregoing, the metal oxide being selected from the group consisting of cerium oxide, manganese oxide, Nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, and a combination of the foregoing. 依據申請專利範圍第4項所述的石墨烯電極，其中，該電活性結構是由複數個形成於該些石墨烯片表面的金屬薄膜所構成。 The graphene electrode according to claim 4, wherein the electroactive structure is composed of a plurality of metal thin films formed on the surface of the graphene sheets. 依據申請專利範圍第4項所述的石墨烯電極，其中，該電活性結構是由複數個活性顆粒構成，該些活性顆粒的粒徑介於1 nm~20μm之間，且不大於該些石墨烯片的 間隙。 The graphene electrode according to claim 4, wherein the electroactive structure is composed of a plurality of active particles having a particle diameter of between 1 nm and 20 μm and not larger than the graphite. Olefin gap. 依據申請專利範圍第1項所述的石墨烯電極，其中，該上表面具有多孔性結構。 The graphene electrode according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface has a porous structure.
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US11590568B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2023-02-28 6K Inc. Process for producing spheroidized powder from feedstock materials
US11633785B2 (en) 2019-04-30 2023-04-25 6K Inc. Mechanically alloyed powder feedstock
US11717886B2 (en) 2019-11-18 2023-08-08 6K Inc. Unique feedstocks for spherical powders and methods of manufacturing
US11839919B2 (en) 2015-12-16 2023-12-12 6K Inc. Spheroidal dehydrogenated metals and metal alloy particles
US11855278B2 (en) 2020-06-25 2023-12-26 6K, Inc. Microcomposite alloy structure
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US11839919B2 (en) 2015-12-16 2023-12-12 6K Inc. Spheroidal dehydrogenated metals and metal alloy particles
US11633785B2 (en) 2019-04-30 2023-04-25 6K Inc. Mechanically alloyed powder feedstock
US11717886B2 (en) 2019-11-18 2023-08-08 6K Inc. Unique feedstocks for spherical powders and methods of manufacturing
US11590568B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2023-02-28 6K Inc. Process for producing spheroidized powder from feedstock materials
US11855278B2 (en) 2020-06-25 2023-12-26 6K, Inc. Microcomposite alloy structure
US11919071B2 (en) 2020-10-30 2024-03-05 6K Inc. Systems and methods for synthesis of spheroidized metal powders
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