TW201403846A - Multi-functional photovoltaic skylight and/or methods of making the same - Google Patents
Multi-functional photovoltaic skylight and/or methods of making the same Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/03—Sky-lights; Domes; Ventilating sky-lights
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0488—Double glass encapsulation, e.g. photovoltaic cells arranged between front and rear glass sheets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
- H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
- H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
- H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
- B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
- B29D11/00278—Lenticular sheets
- B29D11/00298—Producing lens arrays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S11/00—Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本申請案於2010年4月26日申請之美國專利申請案第12/662,624號的部份延續案，標題為“Patterned Glass Cylindrical Lens Arrays for Concentrated Photovoltaic Systems,and/or Methods of Making the Same”。 This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/662,624, filed on Apr. 26, 2010, entitled "Patterned Glass Cylindrical Lens Arrays for Concentrated Photovoltaic Systems, and/or Methods of Making the Same."
本發明的某些示範具體實施例係有關於改良太陽能光伏打系統，及/或其製造方法。更特別的是，本發明的某些示範具體實施例係有關於包含有柱狀透鏡陣列之聚光型光伏打天窗的建築整合型光伏打系統，及/或其製造方法。在某些示範具體實施例中，該光伏打天窗與該等透鏡陣列可與條狀太陽能電池及橫向位移追蹤系統結合使用。此類技術可有利地協助減少部份與要用於該等示範具體實施例之半導體材料之潛在減少量有關的每瓦成本。此外，光伏打天窗允許漫射晝光通過它進入建築物內部以便提供建築物內的照明，同時該等條狀太陽能電池吸收直射日光以及將它轉換成電。此外，該光伏打天窗可提供可變太陽能熱增益控制。 Certain exemplary embodiments of the invention relate to improved solar photovoltaic systems, and/or methods of making the same. More particularly, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are directed to a building integrated photovoltaic system incorporating a concentrating photovoltaic sunroof comprising a lenticular lens array, and/or a method of making the same. In certain exemplary embodiments, the photovoltaic sunroof and the array of lenses can be used in conjunction with a strip solar cell and a lateral displacement tracking system. Such techniques may advantageously assist in reducing the cost per watt associated with the potential reduction in semiconductor materials to be used in the exemplary embodiments. In addition, the photovoltaic skylight allows diffused sunlight to pass through it into the interior of the building to provide illumination within the building, while the strip solar cells absorb direct sunlight and convert it into electricity. In addition, the photovoltaic sunroof provides variable solar thermal gain control.
光伏打裝置為本技藝所習知(例如，參考美國專 利第6,784,361號、第6,288,325號、第6,613,603號及第6,123,824號，其揭示內容併入本文作為參考資料)。有些習知主流光伏打模組使用大量的結晶矽(c-Si)晶圓。含有大量c-Si晶圓傾向主宰整體光伏打模組的成本。實際上，涉及生產習知光伏打模組的成本約有60%與c-Si太陽能電池有關。為了對付此問題，已有人提出聚光型光伏打(CPV)系統，其中是要用100x至1000x的聚光比聚集日光。計算建議約10x的聚光比應該使得待生產光伏打系統能夠使用至少90%的較少矽材料。 Photovoltaic devices are known in the art (for example, refer to the US U.S. Patent Nos. 6,784,361, 6, 288, 325, 6, 613, 603, and 6,123, 824, the disclosures of each of Some conventional mainstream photovoltaic modules use a large number of crystalline germanium (c-Si) wafers. The large number of c-Si wafers tends to dominate the cost of the overall photovoltaic module. In fact, about 60% of the cost involved in producing conventional photovoltaic modules is related to c-Si solar cells. In order to cope with this problem, a concentrated photovoltaic photovoltaic (CPV) system has been proposed in which sunlight is collected by a concentration ratio of 100x to 1000x. The calculation suggests that a concentrating ratio of about 10x should allow the photovoltaic system to be produced to use at least 90% of the less ruthenium material.
不過，可惜當前聚光型光伏打系統使用昂貴的高效率多功能太陽能電池，昂貴的雙軸追蹤系統，及/或相對昂貴的聚光光件。因此，基於每瓦成本，這些系統難以與其他光伏打解決方案兢爭。 Unfortunately, current concentrating photovoltaic systems use expensive high efficiency multi-function solar cells, expensive dual-axis tracking systems, and/or relatively expensive concentrating components. Therefore, based on the cost per watt, these systems are difficult to compete with other PV solutions.
因此，可明白本技藝亟須簡單的低成本CPV系統，以及低成本太陽能電池以及低成本聚光光件，及/或其製造方法。 Thus, it will be appreciated that the art does not require a simple low cost CPV system, as well as low cost solar cells and low cost concentrating components, and/or methods of making same.
某些示範具體實施例的一方面係有關於一種壓花玻璃柱狀透鏡陣列(patterned glass cylindrical lens array)，及/或其製造方法。 One aspect of certain exemplary embodiments relates to an embossed glass cylindrical lens array, and/or a method of making the same.
某些示範具體實施例的另一方面係有關於使用該柱狀透鏡陣列聚光於實質長形或條狀的太陽能電池上。 Another aspect of certain exemplary embodiments relates to the use of the lenticular lens array for concentrating on a substantially elongated or strip of solar cell.
某些示範具體實施例的另一方面係有關於橫向位移追蹤系統，及/或其製作方法及/或其使用方法。 Another aspect of certain exemplary embodiments relates to a lateral displacement tracking system, and/or methods of making the same and/or methods of use thereof.
某些示範具體實施例的其他方面係有關於建築整合型光伏打系統，其係可包含含有柱狀透鏡陣列及條狀太陽能電池的絕緣玻璃單元。在某些實施例中，該光伏打系統可作為絕緣玻璃天窗而整合於建築物。 Other aspects of certain exemplary embodiments relate to building integrated photovoltaic systems that can include insulating glass units including lenticular lens arrays and strip solar cells. In some embodiments, the photovoltaic system can be integrated into a building as an insulating glass skylight.
根據某些示範具體實施例，太陽能電池條帶基板相對於聚光於其上之透鏡狀陣列(lenticular array)的橫向追蹤有利地造成具有成本效益的發電，自我調節的太陽能熱增益控制，以及漫射晝光輸入，從而提供一種多功能BIPV產品。聚光比至少有2：1為較佳，至少約3：1更佳，然而高聚光比有可能。在某些情況下，可提供散熱裝置以使總成保持冷卻，例如，在提供高聚光比時。 According to certain exemplary embodiments, lateral tracking of a solar cell strip substrate relative to a lenticular array condensed thereon advantageously results in cost-effective power generation, self-regulating solar thermal gain control, and flooding. A light-emitting input is provided to provide a versatile BIPV product. The concentration ratio is preferably at least 2:1, more preferably at least about 3:1, but a high concentration ratio is possible. In some cases, a heat sink can be provided to keep the assembly cool, for example, when providing a high concentration ratio.
根據某些示範具體實施例，該透鏡陣列完全不動，但是該PV陣列玻璃橫向移動以使直射日光聚焦於該等太陽能電池條帶上。 According to certain exemplary embodiments, the lens array is completely motionless, but the PV array glass is moved laterally to focus direct sunlight on the solar cell strips.
在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，提供一種製作用於太陽能光伏打模組之透鏡陣列的方法。玻璃用浮式法(float process)或其他方法製成。用配置於(例如，可能沿著浮法玻璃)生產線的多個滾筒，圖案化該玻璃以便形成沿著一共軸定向的多個第一透鏡。在以側面橫截面觀看時，該等滾筒各有輪廓使得該等第一透鏡各自被圖案化成有至少一中凸主表面。 In certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a method of making a lens array for a solar photovoltaic module is provided. The glass is made by a float process or other methods. The glass is patterned with a plurality of rollers disposed on a production line (e.g., possibly along a float glass) to form a plurality of first lenses oriented along a common axis. When viewed in side cross-section, the rollers are each contoured such that the first lenses are each patterned to have at least one convex major surface.
在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，提供一種製作太陽能光伏打模組的方法。提供由沿著一共軸定向之多個透鏡構成的一透鏡陣列，其中用滾筒圖案化該等透鏡(例 如，可能沿著浮法玻璃)，以及其中在以側面橫截面觀看時，該等透鏡各有至少一中凸主表面。提供多個長形含c-Si太陽能電池。該透鏡陣列對於該等太陽能電池經定向成該等透鏡的配置各自可以實質一維地聚集入射於其上的光線於該等長形太陽能電池上。在某些示範實例中，以此方式製成太陽能光伏打模組，以及操作該光伏打模組可藉由使它以一固定傾角連接至單軸追蹤系統，其中該單軸追蹤系統可移動以便與太陽由東到西的運動匹配。不過，在某些示範具體實施例中，PV陣列基板與透鏡陣列在空間上可相互分離，以及該PV陣列橫向移動使日光的焦點在一天當中保持在PV條狀電池上。 In certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a method of making a solar photovoltaic module is provided. Providing a lens array consisting of a plurality of lenses oriented along a common axis, wherein the lenses are patterned with a roller (eg, For example, possibly along the float glass), and wherein when viewed in side cross-section, the lenses each have at least one convex major surface. A plurality of elongated c-Si containing solar cells are provided. The array of lenses, for each of the solar cells being oriented into the lenses, can substantially uniformly converge the light incident thereon on the elongate solar cells. In some exemplary embodiments, a solar photovoltaic module is fabricated in this manner, and the photovoltaic module can be operated by connecting it to a single axis tracking system at a fixed tilt angle, wherein the single axis tracking system is movable Matches the movement of the sun from east to west. However, in certain exemplary embodiments, the PV array substrate and the lens array are spatially separable from each other, and the PV array is laterally moved such that the focus of daylight remains on the PV strip battery throughout the day.
在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，提供一種製作太陽能光伏打系統的方法。提供包含沿著一共軸定向之多個透鏡的至少一透鏡陣列，其中用滾筒圖案化該等透鏡，以及其中在以側面橫截面觀看時，該等透鏡各有至少一中凸主表面。該至少一透鏡陣列對於多個長形含c-Si太陽能電池經定向成該等透鏡的配置各自可以實質一維地聚集入射於其上的光線於該等長形太陽能電池上。 In certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, a method of making a solar photovoltaic system is provided. At least one lens array comprising a plurality of lenses oriented along a common axis is provided, wherein the lenses are patterned with a roller, and wherein the lenses each have at least one convex major surface when viewed in a side cross-section. The at least one lens array can collectively one-dimensionally concentrate the light incident thereon on the elongate solar cells for a plurality of elongated c-Si-containing solar cells that are oriented into the lenses.
在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，提供一種光伏打系統。提供多個長形含c-Si太陽能電池。提供由沿著一共軸定向之多個透鏡構成的一透鏡陣列，該等透鏡各自經組配成可實質一維地聚集入射光於該等長形太陽能電池上，該等透鏡各有3x至30x的聚光比。 In certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, a photovoltaic system is provided. A plurality of elongated c-Si containing solar cells are provided. Providing an array of lenses consisting of a plurality of lenses oriented along a common axis, each of the lenses being assembled to substantially collect incident light onto the elongate solar cells in a substantially one-dimensional manner, the lenses each having 3x to 30x Concentration ratio.
在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，提供一種建 築物產品。多個長形含c-Si太陽能電池用一蓋玻璃基板支撐。透鏡陣列包含沿著一共軸定向之多個透鏡，該等透鏡各自經組配成可實質一維地聚集入射光於該等長形太陽能電池上，以及該透鏡陣列與該蓋玻璃基板實質平行及隔開。以側面橫截面觀看時，該等透鏡各有一中凸頂面及/或底面。該透鏡陣列的圖案由單一低鐵玻璃基板形成。在某些示範實例中，可構造一框體以使該透鏡陣列與該蓋玻璃基板保持平行隔開的關係。 In some exemplary embodiments of the invention, a construction is provided Building products. A plurality of elongated c-Si containing solar cells are supported by a cover glass substrate. The lens array includes a plurality of lenses oriented along a common axis, the lenses being each configured to substantially collect incident light onto the elongate solar cells in a substantially one-dimensional manner, and the lens array is substantially parallel to the cover glass substrate and Separated. The lenses each have a convex top surface and/or a bottom surface when viewed in side cross-section. The pattern of the lens array is formed from a single low iron glass substrate. In some exemplary embodiments, a frame may be constructed to maintain the lens array in a parallel spaced relationship with the cover glass substrate.
在某些情形下，有些示範現有光伏打及建築整合型光伏打(BIPV)系統可能主要專注於發電。不過，在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，BIPV系統有多功能是因為它不只提供具有成本效益的發電，也有其他有利特徵，例如晝光輸入、可變太陽能控制、隔熱及/或美化建築物“外皮”。 In some cases, some demonstrations of existing photovoltaic and building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems may be primarily focused on power generation. However, in certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the BIPV system is versatile because it provides not only cost effective power generation, but also other advantageous features such as neon input, variable solar control, thermal insulation, and/or Beautify the "skin" of the building.
在某些示範具體實施例中，該BIPV系統可包含一光伏打天窗。在有些情形下，該光伏打天窗可包含一絕緣玻璃單元(IGU)。 In certain exemplary embodiments, the BIPV system can include a photovoltaic sunroof. In some cases, the photovoltaic sunroof may comprise an insulated glass unit (IGU).
在某些示範具體實施例中，BIPV系統(例如，光伏打天窗)可裝設於建築物的屋頂及/或其他合適結構上。在某些示範實例中，該光伏打天窗可以一緯度傾角裝在屋頂上以及傳遞漫射晝光進入建築物內部，同時以相對高的效率把直射日光轉換成電。 In certain exemplary embodiments, a BIPV system (eg, a photovoltaic sunroof) may be mounted on a roof of a building and/or other suitable structure. In some exemplary embodiments, the photovoltaic sunroof can be mounted on the roof at a latitudinal angle of inclination and deliver diffused light into the interior of the building while converting direct sunlight into electricity with relatively high efficiency.
可組合描述於本文的特徵、方面、優點及示範具體實施例以實現其他的具體實施例。 The features, aspects, advantages, and exemplary embodiments described herein may be combined to implement other specific embodiments.
1‧‧‧透鏡陣列 1‧‧‧ lens array
1、2‧‧‧位置 1, 2‧‧‧ position
2、4、5‧‧‧內表面 2, 4, 5‧‧‧ inner surface
3‧‧‧透鏡狀陣列 3‧‧‧Lens array
3a-3d‧‧‧透鏡 3a-3d‧‧‧ lens
4‧‧‧低放射率塗層 4‧‧‧Low emissivity coating
5‧‧‧太陽能電池 5‧‧‧Solar battery
5a-5d‧‧‧條狀太陽能電池 5a-5d‧‧‧ strip solar cells
7、7a-7d、9、9a-9d‧‧‧上、下滾筒 7, 7a-7d, 9, 9a-9d‧‧‧ upper and lower rollers
11‧‧‧聚光透鏡陣列模組 11‧‧‧Concentrating lens array module
12‧‧‧互連 12‧‧‧Interconnection
13a、13b‧‧‧第一、第二平凸形陣列 13a, 13b‧‧‧ first and second flat convex arrays
15‧‧‧積層材料 15‧‧‧Laminated materials
17a、17b‧‧‧管件 17a, 17b‧‧‧ pipe fittings
19‧‧‧蓋玻璃基板 19‧‧‧ Cover glass substrate
21‧‧‧反射鏡陣列 21‧‧‧Mirror array
21a-21d‧‧‧凹槽或凹區 21a-21d‧‧‧ Groove or recess
40‧‧‧滑動機構 40‧‧‧Sliding mechanism
50‧‧‧空氣間隙 50‧‧‧Air gap
60‧‧‧第二空氣間隙 60‧‧‧Second air gap
70‧‧‧囊袋 70‧‧‧ pocket
75‧‧‧雙重玻璃窗絕緣玻璃光伏打天窗系統 75‧‧‧Double glass window insulated glass photovoltaic skylight system
80‧‧‧AR塗層 80‧‧‧AR coating
100‧‧‧第一基板 100‧‧‧First substrate
200‧‧‧第二玻璃基板 200‧‧‧second glass substrate
300‧‧‧第三基板 300‧‧‧ third substrate
1700‧‧‧集中太陽能光伏打天窗 1700‧‧‧Concentrated solar photovoltaic skylights
1702、1704、1706‧‧‧第一、第二及第三基板 1702, 1704, 1706‧‧‧ first, second and third substrates
1708‧‧‧外框 1708‧‧‧Front frame
1710‧‧‧插銷 1710‧‧‧Tram
1712‧‧‧主體部 1712‧‧‧ Main body
1714‧‧‧伺服馬達桿 1714‧‧‧Servo motor rod
1716‧‧‧滑塊 1716‧‧‧ Slider
1718‧‧‧小型軌道 1718‧‧‧Small track
A-A、B-B‧‧‧剖面 A-A, B-B‧‧ section
A‧‧‧點光源 A‧‧‧ point light source
B‧‧‧數位相機 B‧‧‧Digital camera
C‧‧‧參照柱狀透鏡 C‧‧‧Reference lenticular lens
CLA‧‧‧壓花玻璃 CLA‧‧‧ embossed glass
D‧‧‧白遮片螢幕 D‧‧‧White matte screen
S101-S109‧‧‧步驟 S101-S109‧‧‧Steps
參考以下舉例示範具體實施例結合附圖的詳細說明可更加明白及完整了解本發明的以上及其他的特徵及優點。 The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the aspects of the appended claims appended claims
圖1根據一示範具體實施例圖示包含由壓花玻璃製成之柱狀透鏡陣列的示範線性調焦聚光光伏打系統；圖2為示範上、下滾筒輪廓的示意圖，其係可用於壓花生產線以得到某些示範具體實施例的透鏡陣列；圖3根據一示範具體實施例圖示透鏡陣列中之透鏡的示範尺寸；圖4為按照各種不同聚光光伏打系統的聚光比(CR)繪出的每瓦近似成本曲線圖；圖5根據一示範具體實施例示意圖示包含聚光透鏡陣列的示範單軸追蹤系統；圖6根據一示範具體實施例示意圖示層合在一起的兩個平凸形陣列；圖7根據一示範具體實施例示意圖示菲涅耳型透鏡陣列；圖8根據一示範具體實施例圖示包含一透鏡陣列及數個條狀太陽能電池的混合熱太陽能板系統；圖9根據一示範具體實施例圖示包含壓花反射鏡陣列及條狀太陽能電池的示範系統；圖10的流程圖根據一示範具體實施例圖示製作光伏打系統的示範方法；圖11的透視圖根據某些示範具體實施例包含條 狀太陽能電池的光伏打天窗，其係能夠根據太陽的位置橫向移動；圖12的示範橫截面圖根據某些示範具體實施例圖示雙重玻璃窗絕緣玻璃光伏打天窗系統；圖13根據某些示範具體實施例圖示三重玻璃窗絕緣玻璃光伏打天窗系統的示範具體實施例；圖14(a)至圖14(d)圖解說明如何由參照柱狀透鏡(或數個)取得測量值；圖15(a)至圖15(c)根據某些示範具體實施例圖示配置於透鏡狀陣列上的AR塗層；圖16圖示以一緯度傾角安裝而面向赤道的某些示範光伏打天窗；以及圖17(a)至圖17(e)的視圖根據某些示範具體實施例示意圖示集中太陽能光伏打天窗的示範多功能BIPV。 1 illustrates an exemplary linear focus concentrating photovoltaic system comprising a lenticular lens array made of embossed glass, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary upper and lower drum profile for use in an embossing line To obtain a lens array of certain exemplary embodiments; FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary size of a lens in a lens array according to an exemplary embodiment; and FIG. 4 illustrates a concentration ratio (CR) of various concentrating photovoltaic systems according to various embodiments. Approximate cost per watt graph; FIG. 5 schematically illustrates an exemplary single-axis tracking system including a concentrating lens array according to an exemplary embodiment; FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of two laminated layers according to an exemplary embodiment. Flat convex array; FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a Fresnel lens array according to an exemplary embodiment; FIG. 8 illustrates a hybrid thermal solar panel system including a lens array and a plurality of strip solar cells according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary system including an embossed mirror array and a strip of solar cells in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; the flowchart of FIG. 10 is illustrated in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. An exemplary method of a photovoltaic system; FIG. 11 is a perspective view in accordance with certain illustrative embodiments comprising bars A photovoltaic sunroof of a solar cell that is capable of lateral movement according to the position of the sun; the exemplary cross-sectional view of FIG. 12 illustrates a dual glazing insulated glass photovoltaic sunroof system in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments; FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Exemplary embodiments of a triple glazing insulating glass photovoltaic sunroof system are illustrated; Figures 14(a) through 14(d) illustrate how measurements are taken from a reference lenticular lens (or several); (a) through to FIG. 15(c) illustrate an AR coating disposed on a lenticular array in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments; FIG. 16 illustrates certain exemplary photovoltaic sunroofs mounted at an latitude angle to face the equator; 17(a) through 17(e) are schematic illustrations of exemplary multi-functional BIPVs for concentrated solar photovoltaic sunroofs, in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments.
光伏打裝置(例如，太陽能電池)把太陽輻射轉換成有用的電能。通常，能量轉換的發生為光伏打效應的結果。打在光伏打裝置上以及被半導體材料之主動區吸收的太陽輻射(例如，日光)在主動區產生電洞-電子對。 Photovoltaic devices (eg, solar cells) convert solar radiation into useful electrical energy. Typically, the occurrence of energy conversion is the result of a photovoltaic effect. Solar radiation (eg, daylight) that is struck on the photovoltaic device and absorbed by the active region of the semiconductor material creates a hole-electron pair in the active region.
本發明的某些示範具體實施例係有關於在聚光型光伏打應用系統中可用作柱狀透鏡陣列的壓花玻璃，及/或其製造方法。在某些示範具體實施例中，可使用與條狀太陽能電池及橫向位移追蹤系統結合的透鏡陣列。亦即，在某些示範具體實施例中，可將透鏡陣列中之透鏡配置成 可各自聚集入射光至各個條狀太陽能電池，以及太陽能電池基板用經編程成可追隨太陽由東到西之運動的橫向位移追蹤系統控制。某些示範具體實施例可使用低鐵玻璃。此類技術可有利地協助減少部份與有潛力減少要用於此類示範具體實施例之半導體材料數量相關的每瓦成本。 Certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to embossed glass that can be used as a lenticular lens array in a concentrating photovoltaic application system, and/or a method of fabricating the same. In certain exemplary embodiments, a lens array in combination with a strip solar cell and a lateral displacement tracking system can be used. That is, in certain exemplary embodiments, the lens in the lens array can be configured to The incident light can each be concentrated to individual strip solar cells, and the solar cell substrate is controlled with a lateral displacement tracking system programmed to follow the movement of the sun from east to west. Some exemplary embodiments may use low iron glass. Such techniques may advantageously assist in reducing the cost per watt associated with the potential to reduce the amount of semiconductor material to be used in such exemplary embodiments.
如上述，某些示範具體實施例係有關於壓花玻璃柱狀透鏡陣列及/或其製造方法。在這點上，圖1根據一示範具體實施例圖示包含由壓花玻璃製成之實質柱狀透鏡陣列的示範線性調焦聚光光伏打系統。藉由周期性地(以規則的時間間隔)修改其厚度而將大低鐵玻璃平板修改成透鏡陣列1。透鏡陣列1中的透鏡3a至3d把來自太陽的日光實質聚焦成一維，以及有例如3x至30x的聚光比。可聚焦太陽輻射，例如，於c-Si太陽能電池上，以及有高達20%的效率。此類c-Si太陽能電池在市上可用合理成本取得。圖1圖示形成為條帶5a至5d的c-Si太陽能電池。下文提供與條狀太陽能電池5a至5d有關的其他細節。在任何情況下，在本發明的不同具體實施例中，數個c-Si太陽能電池可裝設於一透明基板上。透鏡陣列1中之透鏡3a至3d係以沿著一共軸呈實質共線的方式裝設。在某些示範具體實施例中，可由一片玻璃形成透鏡3a至3d。在這種情形下，由於由公共玻璃基板形成，透鏡3a至3d可有效地相互連接。替換地或另外，在本發明的不同示範具體實施例中，可裝設彼此相鄰的多個透鏡及/或透鏡陣列。 As mentioned above, certain exemplary embodiments relate to embossed glass lenticular lens arrays and/or methods of making same. In this regard, FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary linear focus concentrating photovoltaic system comprising a substantially lenticular lens array made of embossed glass, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The large low iron glass plate is modified into the lens array 1 by periodically modifying its thickness (at regular time intervals). The lenses 3a to 3d in the lens array 1 substantially focus the daylight from the sun into one dimension, and have a condensing ratio of, for example, 3x to 30x. Solar radiation can be focused, for example, on c-Si solar cells, and with efficiencies as high as 20%. Such c-Si solar cells are available at reasonable cost in the market. Figure 1 illustrates a c-Si solar cell formed as strips 5a to 5d. Further details regarding the strip solar cells 5a to 5d are provided below. In any event, in various embodiments of the invention, a plurality of c-Si solar cells can be mounted on a transparent substrate. The lenses 3a to 3d in the lens array 1 are mounted in a substantially collinear manner along a common axis. In some exemplary embodiments, the lenses 3a through 3d may be formed from a piece of glass. In this case, since formed of a common glass substrate, the lenses 3a to 3d can be effectively connected to each other. Alternatively or additionally, in various exemplary embodiments of the invention, a plurality of lenses and/or lens arrays adjacent to each other may be provided.
玻璃工廠的壓花生產線(patterning line)可用來 產生某些示範具體實施例的大面積柱狀透鏡陣列。這可用有圖2之示範輪廓的一或更多組上、下滾筒來完成。亦即，圖2示意圖示可用於壓花生產線以得到某些示範具體實施例之透鏡陣列的示範上、下滾筒輪廓。當以橫截面觀看時，在上、下滾筒陣列7、9中之個別上、下滾筒7a-7d及9a-9d的頂部及底部為凹形。因此，圖2的滾筒會產生雙凸透鏡陣列。當然，應瞭解，當上、下滾筒組中之任一為平面時，也可得到平凸形透鏡陣列。 The embossing line of the glass factory can be used A large area lenticular lens array of certain exemplary embodiments is produced. This can be done with one or more sets of upper and lower rollers of the exemplary profile of Figure 2. That is, Figure 2 schematically illustrates exemplary upper and lower drum profiles that may be used in an embossing line to obtain a lens array of certain exemplary embodiments. When viewed in cross section, the top and bottom of the individual upper and lower rollers 7a-7d and 9a-9d of the upper and lower roller arrays 7, 9 are concave. Thus, the roller of Figure 2 produces a lenticular lens array. Of course, it should be understood that a flat convex lens array can also be obtained when any of the upper and lower roller groups is a flat surface.
圖3根據一示範具體實施例圖示透鏡陣列中之透鏡的的示範尺寸。圖3實施例的每個透鏡有在約5至100毫米之間的間距或寬度，約2至4毫米的最小厚度或高度，以及約4至8毫米的最大厚度或高度。取決於間距，例如，焦距離或鄰近個別透鏡之中心約有10至200毫米。當然，應瞭解，圖3中的尺寸只是舉例說明。實際上，本發明的不同具體實施例可包含尺寸、形狀及/或焦距不同的透鏡。例如，某些示範具體實施例的最小厚度或高度可約為2毫米，以及某些示範具體實施例的最大厚度或高度可約為8毫米，在某些示範具體實施例中，1平方米模組可包含約10至200個透鏡。圖3實施例有25毫米的寬度，3毫米的最小厚度，以及4毫米的最大厚度。這些尺寸意謂有1毫米的高度差以及每一平方米模組有40個透鏡。在示範實例中，焦距為150毫米，以及透鏡至太陽能電池的距離可放在135毫米以實現約等於10的聚光比。在某些示範實例中，放置比較靠近焦點的太陽能電池有利於光線聚集於太陽能電池的較大面積上。 FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary size of a lens in a lens array in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Each lens of the embodiment of Figure 3 has a pitch or width of between about 5 and 100 millimeters, a minimum thickness or height of about 2 to 4 millimeters, and a maximum thickness or height of about 4 to 8 millimeters. Depending on the spacing, for example, the focal length or the center of the adjacent individual lens is about 10 to 200 mm. Of course, it should be understood that the dimensions in Figure 3 are merely illustrative. Indeed, various embodiments of the invention may include lenses of different sizes, shapes, and/or focal lengths. For example, some exemplary embodiments may have a minimum thickness or height of about 2 mm, and certain exemplary embodiments may have a maximum thickness or height of about 8 mm. In some exemplary embodiments, a 1 square meter mode The set may contain from about 10 to 200 lenses. The embodiment of Figure 3 has a width of 25 mm, a minimum thickness of 3 mm, and a maximum thickness of 4 mm. These dimensions mean a height difference of 1 mm and 40 lenses per square meter module. In the exemplary embodiment, the focal length is 150 mm, and the distance from the lens to the solar cell can be placed at 135 mm to achieve a concentration ratio of approximately equal to 10. In some exemplary embodiments, placing a solar cell that is closer to the focus facilitates the accumulation of light over a larger area of the solar cell.
本發明的某些示範具體實施例可使用任何適當透明基板。例如，某些示範具體實施例可包含低鐵玻璃基板，例如，以協助保證能儘可能多地傳遞紅光及近紅外光至半導體吸收層。例如，共審查中及共同受讓人的專利申請案第11/049,292號；第11/122,218號；第11/373,490號；第12/073,562號；第12/292,346號；第12/385,318號；以及第12/453,275號有揭示示範低鐵玻璃基板，以上文獻的全部內容併入本文作為參考資料。 Certain exemplary embodiments of the invention may use any suitable transparent substrate. For example, certain exemplary embodiments may include a low iron glass substrate, for example, to help ensure that as much red and near infrared light as possible is delivered to the semiconductor absorber layer. For example, patent application No. 11/049,292, co-reviewed and co-assigned, No. 11/122,218; No. 11/373,490; No. 12/073,562; No. 12/292,346; No. 12/385,318; Exemplary low iron glass substrates are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/453, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
例如，某些示範具體實施例可包含高透射率低鐵玻璃。下文會提供示範低鐵玻璃的其他細節。 For example, certain exemplary embodiments may include high transmittance low iron glass. Additional details of the demonstration low-iron glass are provided below.
此外，可熱強化該低鐵玻璃。在某些示範具體實施例中，在生產線結束時，可發生該強化，例如，在某些示範實例中，在已圖案化該玻璃後。 In addition, the low iron glass can be thermally strengthened. In certain exemplary embodiments, the strengthening may occur at the end of the production line, for example, in some exemplary embodiments, after the glass has been patterned.
當前CPV系統通常實施雙軸追蹤，因為它們使用二維聚焦。在這點上，當前CPV系統常常裝在桿子上以及各個單元系統個別地追蹤。這種配置增加系統的成本。相比之下，實施柱狀透鏡陣列的某些示範具體實施例減少(有時可完全排除)雙軸追蹤的需要。這是因為某些示範具體實施例的柱狀透鏡陣列被組配成可線性聚焦日光於條帶上或沿著條帶，而與較小的點或斑點位置完全不同。實際上，當某些示範具體實施例的柱狀透鏡呈實質垂直定向時，可輕易及有效地實施簡單的由東至西單軸追蹤。 Current CPV systems typically implement dual-axis tracking because they use two-dimensional focusing. In this regard, current CPV systems are often mounted on poles and individual unit systems are individually tracked. This configuration increases the cost of the system. In contrast, certain exemplary embodiments of implementing a lenticular lens array reduce (and sometimes completely eliminate) the need for dual axis tracking. This is because the lenticular lens arrays of certain exemplary embodiments are configured to linearly focus the daylight on the strip or along the strip, and are completely different from the smaller spots or spot locations. In fact, when the lenticular lenses of certain exemplary embodiments are oriented substantially vertically, a simple east-to-west single axis tracking can be easily and efficiently performed.
在表1中，比較20%效率系統、固定緯度傾角、單軸追蹤及雙軸追蹤系統在示範地點(亞利桑那州鳳凰城) 的年發電量。更特別的是，太陽能電池為可購自Sunpower的高效率、背接觸太陽能電池條帶。發電量由固定取向系統至單軸追蹤系統的改善有30.7%。這個增益很大。不過，由單軸追蹤系統至雙軸追蹤系統的改善只增加5.8%。此一額外5.8%能量增益通常會被雙軸追蹤系統本身的費用抵消。因此，雙軸追蹤系統目前看不到經濟性。在任何情況下，實現線性聚焦系統的某些示範具體實施例能夠實現至少與由單軸追蹤系統移到雙軸追蹤系統有關的效率增益而實際不必蒙受與雙軸追蹤系統有關的費用，因為此類具體實施例的實現可以只用單軸追蹤系統。 In Table 1, compare 20% efficiency systems, fixed latitude dip, single-axis tracking, and dual-axis tracking systems at demonstration locations (Phoenix, Arizona) Annual power generation. More specifically, solar cells are high efficiency, back contact solar cell strips available from Sunpower. The power generation from the fixed orientation system to the single-axis tracking system improved by 30.7%. This gain is very large. However, the improvement from the single-axis tracking system to the dual-axis tracking system increased by only 5.8%. This extra 5.8% energy gain is usually offset by the cost of the dual axis tracking system itself. Therefore, the two-axis tracking system does not currently see economics. In any event, certain exemplary embodiments implementing a linear focus system can achieve at least an efficiency gain associated with moving from a single-axis tracking system to a two-axis tracking system without actually having to suffer the cost associated with the dual-axis tracking system, as this Implementations of the class specific embodiments may use only a single axis tracking system.
應瞭解，可有利地實現低成本的單軸追蹤系統，因為藉由通過平行光束使所有模組相互連接，許多模組可用單一致動器定向。透鏡陣列呈實質垂直定向，因此大體有自我清潔作用，因為雨水會流入壓花玻璃的溝槽而減少灰塵的累積量。當然，視需要可實施額外的周期性清潔。單軸追蹤系統也可低到地面，因為用於移動它的機構比用於雙軸追蹤系統的機構簡單。 It will be appreciated that a low cost single axis tracking system can be advantageously implemented because many modules can be oriented with a single actuator by interconnecting all of the modules by parallel beams. The lens array is oriented substantially vertically, so it generally has a self-cleaning effect because rainwater can flow into the grooves of the embossed glass to reduce the accumulation of dust. Of course, additional periodic cleaning can be performed as needed. The single-axis tracking system can also be as low as the ground because the mechanism used to move it is simpler than the mechanism used for the two-axis tracking system.
可經濟地製造圖1示範系統的太陽能電池，例如，把c-Si太陽能電池劈開成條帶。例如，可形成較大的(例如，4英吋至12英吋)晶圓，然後劈開以製作多個條帶。以3x至30x的聚光比而言，與可能需要較多矽的不聚光習知c-Si模組相比，只需要33%至3.3%的矽。 The solar cell of the exemplary system of Fig. 1 can be economically manufactured, for example, c-Si solar cells are cleaved into strips. For example, a larger (eg, 4 inch to 12 inch) wafer can be formed and then cleaved to make multiple strips. In the case of a 3x to 30x concentrating ratio, only 33% to 3.3% of bismuth is required compared to a non-concentrating c-Si module that may require more enthalpy.
如上述以及如用語“條帶”本身所建議的，某些示範具體實施例的條狀太陽能電池可具有實質長形的形狀。例如，某些示範條狀太陽能電池可為2毫米x 150毫米，然而其他尺寸也有可能。在任何情況下，該等條狀太陽能電池可沿著晶向劈開。在某些示範具體實施例中，該等條狀電池視需要可裝在第二玻璃基板或另一種基板上。在這種情況下，可製作當作散熱裝置的第二基板，從而有助於太陽能電池保持低工作溫度及高效率。在某些示範具體實施例中，可使用主動式冷卻取代式除散熱裝置技術以外。 As described above and as suggested by the term "strip" itself, the strip solar cells of certain exemplary embodiments may have a substantially elongated shape. For example, some exemplary strip solar cells can be 2 mm x 150 mm, although other sizes are possible. In any case, the strips of solar cells can be split along the crystal orientation. In certain exemplary embodiments, the strips of cells may be mounted on a second glass substrate or another substrate as desired. In this case, a second substrate serving as a heat sink can be fabricated to help the solar cell maintain a low operating temperature and high efficiency. In some exemplary embodiments, active cooling alternatives to heat sink technology may be used.
與實施條狀太陽能電池的示範具體實施例有關，可使用例如已知及常用於平面顯示器(FPD)工業的低成本組裝技術。例如，可立即使用此類技術於與寬2至20毫米之條狀太陽能電池有關的，以及此類技術可包括，例如，玻璃上晶片(COG)製造法。接著，COG製造技術可併入互連接線，例如，設於玻璃上的圖案化金屬、銅帶及/或類似者。某些示範具體實施例可併入有低遮蔽或無遮蔽互連的太陽能電池。無遮蔽互連有時用於，例如，背接觸太陽能電池(例如，可購自Sunpower)。 In connection with the implementation of an exemplary embodiment of a strip solar cell, low cost assembly techniques such as are known and commonly used in the flat panel display (FPD) industry can be used. For example, such techniques can be used immediately in connection with strip solar cells having a width of 2 to 20 millimeters, and such techniques can include, for example, wafer on glass (COG) fabrication. Next, COG fabrication techniques can incorporate interconnect wiring, such as patterned metal, copper tape, and/or the like disposed on the glass. Certain exemplary embodiments may incorporate solar cells with low or no shadowing interconnections. Unshielded interconnects are sometimes used, for example, for back contact solar cells (e.g., available from Sunpower).
圖4為按照各種不同聚光光伏打系統的聚光比 (CR)繪出的每瓦近似成本曲線圖。圖4的曲線圖係基於下列假設。對於大於100的CR，昂貴的多接面砷化鎵電池需要使用主動式冷卻。對於大於100的CR，需要二維聚光與雙軸追蹤。對於小於100的CR，使用一維(例如，柱狀)聚光與單軸追蹤。太陽能電池的每瓦成本包括與包裝及互連關連的成本，以及聚光光件的每瓦成本包括與對齊有關的成本。圖4的曲線圖使得效率有可能超過20%。由圖4的曲線圖可瞭解，以每瓦成本的觀點視之，約10至30x的聚光比特別合乎需要。 Figure 4 is a concentrating ratio according to various concentrating photovoltaic systems (CR) plot of approximate cost per watt. The graph of Figure 4 is based on the following assumptions. For CRs greater than 100, expensive multi-junction GaAs cells require active cooling. For CRs greater than 100, two-dimensional concentrating and two-axis tracking are required. For CRs less than 100, one-dimensional (eg, columnar) concentrating and single-axis tracking is used. The cost per watt of solar cells includes the costs associated with packaging and interconnection, and the cost per watt of the concentrator includes the cost associated with alignment. The graph of Figure 4 makes it possible for efficiency to exceed 20%. As can be seen from the graph of Fig. 4, a concentrating ratio of about 10 to 30x is particularly desirable from the viewpoint of cost per watt.
應瞭解，有許多與本發明之某些示範具體實施例有關的優點。例如，用壓花玻璃可輕易及便宜地製成3x至30x聚光光件。接著，這也可考慮到3x至30x有較小面積的c-Si太陽能電池，在某些示範實作中，當柱狀透鏡陣列以一緯度傾角垂直安裝時，可具有實質自我清潔作用，由於雨水會清洗垂直安置之壓花玻璃透鏡陣列的溝槽，因此灰塵及/或其他碎屑的累積數量會減少。與條狀太陽能電池相關的某些示範具體實施例也使得可使用源於FPD工業的低成本及已知可靠組裝技術(例如，當它們有約2至20毫米的寬度時)。再者，如上述，在某些示範具體實施例中，相較於固定取向系統，使用低成本單軸追蹤或橫向位移系統可有利地改善功率輸出。此外，許多模組可輕易地連接至同一個單軸追蹤系統。在高度直接曝曬區域(美國西南部)使用此類示範技術可能產生較高的年發電量。 It will be appreciated that there are many advantages associated with certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For example, 3x to 30x concentrating members can be easily and inexpensively made with embossed glass. Then, this also considers a 3x to 30x c-Si solar cell with a smaller area. In some exemplary implementations, when the lenticular lens array is vertically mounted at a latitudinal inclination, it can have a substantial self-cleaning effect due to Rainwater cleans the grooves of the vertically placed embossed glass lens array, so the cumulative amount of dust and/or other debris is reduced. Certain exemplary embodiments associated with strip solar cells also make it possible to use low cost and known reliable assembly techniques derived from the FPD industry (e.g., when they have a width of about 2 to 20 millimeters). Again, as noted above, in certain exemplary embodiments, the use of a low cost single axis tracking or lateral displacement system can advantageously improve power output compared to fixed orientation systems. In addition, many modules can be easily connected to the same single-axis tracking system. The use of such demonstration techniques in highly direct exposure areas (southwestern United States) may result in higher annual power generation.
圖5根據一示範具體實施例示意圖示包含聚光透 鏡陣列的示範單軸追蹤系統。圖5的示範系統包含多個聚光透鏡陣列模組11。例如，每個模組11可與圖1的配置相同或類似。亦即，每個模組可包含聚集光線於(例如，c-Si)條狀太陽能電池上面的透鏡陣列。個別模組11可例如用互連12連接至公共電源。也可控制模組11使得它們沿著與太陽由東到西之運動匹配的方向移動。 Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a concentrating light transmission according to an exemplary embodiment An exemplary single-axis tracking system for mirror arrays. The exemplary system of FIG. 5 includes a plurality of concentrating lens array modules 11. For example, each module 11 can be the same or similar to the configuration of FIG. That is, each module can include a lens array that collects light over a (eg, c-Si) strip of solar cells. The individual modules 11 can be connected to a common power source, for example, with interconnects 12. Modules 11 can also be controlled such that they move in a direction that matches the movement of the sun from east to west.
在某些示範具體實施例中，透鏡陣列的一或兩面可加上抗反射(AR)塗層以提高透射率。在某些示範具體實施例中，可用任何適當技術提供寬頻AR。在某些示範實例中，通過例如溶膠的濕塗法(例如，浸、噴、滾壓或其他塗佈法)，透鏡陣列的一或兩面可加上折射指數約1.3的低指數氧化矽(例如，SiO2或其他合適化學計量)塗層。此一技術可導致透鏡陣列透射率及/或模組功率增加例如3至6%，這取決於所使用的塗層與塗層表面的數目。 In certain exemplary embodiments, one or both sides of the lens array may be coated with an anti-reflective (AR) coating to increase transmission. In some exemplary embodiments, the wideband AR may be provided by any suitable technique. In certain exemplary embodiments, low index yttrium oxide having a refractive index of about 1.3 may be applied to one or both sides of the lens array by wet coating methods such as sol (eg, dipping, spraying, rolling, or other coating methods) (eg, , SiO 2 or other suitable stoichiometric coating). This technique can result in an increase in lens array transmittance and/or module power, for example, from 3 to 6%, depending on the number of coatings and coating surfaces used.
在某些示範具體實施例中，可熱加強及/或熱強化該透鏡陣列。當然，熱強化可能難以實現有變化厚度的壓花玻璃。因此，某些示範具體實施例可使用化學強化及/或加強技術。 In certain exemplary embodiments, the lens array can be thermally strengthened and/or thermally strengthened. Of course, thermal strengthening may make it difficult to achieve embossed glass with varying thicknesses. Thus, certain exemplary embodiments may use chemical strengthening and/or strengthening techniques.
另外或替換地，透鏡陣列可層壓在一起，例如，如第6圖所示，其係根據一示範具體實施例圖示層壓在一起的兩個平凸形陣列之示意圖。在第6圖中，提供第一及第二平凸形陣列13a及13b。第一及第二平凸形陣列13a及13b用任何適當積層材料15層壓在一起。例如，PVB、EVA或其類似者可用來使第一及第二平凸形陣列13a及13b層壓在一 起。在某些示範實例中，可個別(以熱、化學或其他方式)加強或強化個別陣列13，因為與雙凸型透鏡陣列相比，厚度變化不太嚴重從而比較容易加工。在某些示範實例中，積層15本身有助於加強整個陣列。 Additionally or alternatively, the lens arrays may be laminated together, for example, as shown in Fig. 6, which is a schematic illustration of two plano-convex arrays laminated together in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In Fig. 6, first and second plano-convex arrays 13a and 13b are provided. The first and second plano-convex arrays 13a and 13b are laminated together using any suitable build-up material 15. For example, PVB, EVA or the like can be used to laminate the first and second plano-convex arrays 13a and 13b in one Start. In some exemplary embodiments, individual arrays 13 may be reinforced or strengthened individually (thermally, chemically, or otherwise) because the thickness variations are less severe and thus easier to process than lenticular lens arrays. In some exemplary embodiments, the laminate 15 itself helps to strengthen the entire array.
圖7根據一示範具體實施例示意圖示菲涅耳型透鏡陣列。已知，菲涅耳透鏡大體有大孔徑及短焦距，而沒有習知透鏡設計所需要的材料重量及積體。此外，菲涅耳透鏡傾向較薄，從而允許更多光線穿經它們。相對較小的厚度變化使得可強化菲涅耳透鏡。雖然圖7的示範透鏡在兩條主軸上有形態，然而應瞭解，透鏡之一側可為平面或實質平面以及另一側可帶有形態。在某些示範具體實施例中，有一平面側及一菲涅耳形態側的透鏡可用例如上述技術及/或材料層壓在一起。 Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a Fresnel type lens array in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. Fresnel lenses are known to have a large aperture and a short focal length, without the material weight and build-up required for conventional lens designs. In addition, Fresnel lenses tend to be thinner, allowing more light to pass through them. A relatively small thickness variation makes it possible to reinforce the Fresnel lens. Although the exemplary lens of Figure 7 has a morphology on both major axes, it should be understood that one side of the lens may be planar or substantially planar and the other side may be in a form. In certain exemplary embodiments, a lens having a planar side and a Fresnel side may be laminated together, for example, using the techniques and/or materials described above.
圖8根據一示範具體實施例圖示包含透鏡陣列及條狀太陽能電池的混合熱太陽能板系統。圖8示範系統與圖1示範系統類似的地方在於它包含有多個透鏡3a-3d的透鏡陣列，以及多個條狀太陽能電池5a至5b。來自太陽的光線聚焦於條狀太陽能電池5a至5b上以產生電。圖5示範混合系統也包含水或另一適當流可流經它的管件17a及17b。冷水饋入緊鄰條狀太陽能電池5a至5b的管件17a及17b，繼續在路徑中(在圖8示範具體實施例，呈實質U形)，以及在條狀太陽能電池遠處離開。提供緊鄰條狀太陽能電池的冷水的優點在於可改善c-Si的效率。在這點上，習知c-Si太陽能電池的效率在較高溫度(例如，60度C)會大幅下降以及在較低 溫度(例如，25度C)會改善。因此，提供緊鄰條狀太陽能電池的冷水可改善系統的操作效率。 Figure 8 illustrates a hybrid thermal solar panel system including a lens array and a strip of solar cells, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The exemplary system of Fig. 8 is similar to the exemplary system of Fig. 1 in that it includes a lens array having a plurality of lenses 3a-3d, and a plurality of strip solar cells 5a to 5b. Light from the sun is focused on the strip solar cells 5a to 5b to generate electricity. The exemplary hybrid system of Figure 5 also includes water or another suitable flow of tubes 17a and 17b through which it can flow. The cold water is fed into the tubes 17a and 17b adjacent to the strip-shaped solar cells 5a to 5b, continuing in the path (in the exemplary embodiment of Fig. 8, in a substantially U-shape), and away from the strip-shaped solar cells. The advantage of providing cold water in close proximity to strip solar cells is that the efficiency of c-Si can be improved. In this regard, the efficiency of conventional c-Si solar cells will drop significantly at higher temperatures (for example, 60 degrees C) and at lower temperatures. The temperature (for example, 25 degrees C) will improve. Therefore, providing cold water in close proximity to the strip solar cells can improve the operational efficiency of the system.
儘管冷卻水的存在可增加個別條狀太陽能電池的效率，然而太陽能電池總數較少可能會減少整體太陽能電池效率，例如，因為在熱輸出水的返回路徑上不裝設太陽能電池。儘管如此，由於有冷卻水作用於條狀太陽能電池以及整條路徑(包括沒有太陽能電池的返回路徑)經由透鏡陣列來進一步加熱水，而可改善整體效率。當然，可使用該熱水，因為它另外可用於太陽熱能應用系統(thermal solar power application)。如以下所詳細解釋的，透鏡陣列及/或管件可相對移動，例如，以便匹配太陽由東到西的運動。這在例如建築整合型光伏打(BIPV)應用系統是有利的。 Although the presence of cooling water can increase the efficiency of individual strip solar cells, a smaller total number of solar cells may reduce overall solar cell efficiency, for example, because solar cells are not installed in the return path of the hot output water. Nonetheless, overall efficiency can be improved by the cooling water acting on the strip solar cell and the entire path (including the return path without the solar cell) to further heat the water via the lens array. Of course, the hot water can be used because it can additionally be used in a thermal solar power application. As explained in detail below, the lens array and/or the tubular member can be relatively moved, for example, to match the movement of the sun from east to west. This is advantageous, for example, in building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications.
另外或替換地，可用壓花反射鏡陣列進行調焦。圖9根據一示範具體實施例圖示包含壓花反射鏡陣列及條狀太陽能電池的示範系統。在圖9中，條狀太陽能電池3a至3d直接或間接地裝設於蓋玻璃基板19上。例如，蓋玻璃基板19可以比較靠近太陽，以及在某些示範實例中，在蓋玻璃基板19背對太陽的主表面上可裝設條狀太陽能電池3a至3d。在某些示範具體實施例中，蓋玻璃基板可由低鐵浮法玻璃製成。在某些示範具體實施例中，其上可塗佈AR塗層。穿經蓋玻璃基板19的光線可用反射鏡陣列21反射以及向後聚集至條狀太陽能電池3a至3d。反射鏡陣列21可為壓花玻璃中已塗上反射塗層的一部份(或多個部份)。打在反射鏡陣列21之凹槽或凹區21a至21d上的光線因此可向後反射 至條狀太陽能電池3a至3d。如上述，可造成蓋玻璃基板19與反射鏡陣列21中之一或兩者的相對運動以便改善效率(例如，藉由追蹤太陽由東到西的運動)。 Additionally or alternatively, focusing can be performed with an array of embossed mirrors. Figure 9 illustrates an exemplary system including an embossed mirror array and a strip of solar cells, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In FIG. 9, the strip-shaped solar cells 3a to 3d are directly or indirectly mounted on the cover glass substrate 19. For example, the cover glass substrate 19 can be relatively close to the sun, and in some exemplary examples, the strip-shaped solar cells 3a to 3d can be mounted on the main surface of the cover glass substrate 19 facing away from the sun. In certain exemplary embodiments, the cover glass substrate can be made of low iron float glass. In certain exemplary embodiments, an AR coating can be applied thereto. Light passing through the cover glass substrate 19 can be reflected by the mirror array 21 and concentrated back to the strip solar cells 3a to 3d. Mirror array 21 can be a portion (or portions) of the embossed glass that has been coated with a reflective coating. Light striking the grooves or recesses 21a to 21d of the mirror array 21 can thus be reflected backwards To strip solar cells 3a to 3d. As described above, relative motion of one or both of the cover glass substrate 19 and the mirror array 21 can be caused to improve efficiency (e.g., by tracking the movement of the sun from east to west).
雖然已描述與固定或靜止太陽能電池模組及移動透鏡陣列相關的某些實施例，然而某些其他示範具體實施例可能涉及固定或靜止透鏡陣列與移動的太陽能電池模組。以後者而言，透鏡陣列可能以固定取向靜止不動，以及太陽能電池陣列可能被組配成在一天當中可移動以使太陽光的焦點保持在條狀太陽能電池上，例如，以與太陽由東至西的運動匹配。在這點上，如上述，該等條狀太陽能電池可裝設於一基板上，以及可使該基板移動。可使用此類示範具體實施例，例如，結合與自動調節窗戶類似的建築整合型光伏打應用系統。自動調節窗戶習知可例如用漫射器、百葉窗或其類似者來動態調整穿經光線的光量。在某些示範具體實施例中，可(直接或間接，基於當天的時間及/或當年的第幾天)追蹤太陽的運動，藉此適當地移動基板以增加或最大化日光打在太陽能電池上的數量。應瞭解，在此類實例中，漫射光可透射，以及用光伏打電池把直射日光轉換成電。 While certain embodiments have been described in connection with fixed or stationary solar modules and moving lens arrays, certain other exemplary embodiments may involve fixed or stationary lens arrays and moving solar cell modules. In the latter case, the lens array may be stationary in a fixed orientation, and the solar array may be assembled to be movable throughout the day to keep the focus of the sunlight on the strip solar cell, for example, to the east from the sun West sports match. In this regard, as described above, the strip-shaped solar cells can be mounted on a substrate and the substrate can be moved. Such exemplary embodiments may be used, for example, in conjunction with a building integrated photovoltaic application system similar to an automatic adjustment window. Automatic window adjustments can be used to dynamically adjust the amount of light passing through, for example, with a diffuser, blinds, or the like. In certain exemplary embodiments, the movement of the sun may be tracked (directly or indirectly, based on the time of day and/or the day of the current year), thereby appropriately moving the substrate to increase or maximize sunlight on the solar cell. quantity. It will be appreciated that in such instances, the diffused light can be transmitted and the direct sunlight can be converted to electricity using a photovoltaic cell.
下表比較各種光伏打技術的每瓦成本。 The table below compares the cost per watt of various photovoltaic technologies.
可以看出，相較於碲化鎘型光伏打系統，表2的實施例每平方米對於直射日光產生2.4x的較高輸出。表2的實施例也提供潛在比碲化鎘型光伏打系統更低的每瓦成本。 It can be seen that the embodiment of Table 2 produces a higher output of 2.4x per square meter for direct sunlight compared to the cadmium telluride type photovoltaic system. The embodiment of Table 2 also provides a lower cost per watt than a cadmium telluride type photovoltaic system.
圖10的流程圖根據一示範具體實施例圖示製作光伏打系統的示範方法。在步驟S101，鈉石灰玻璃(例如，低鐵玻璃)視需要用多個上、下滾筒壓花，以形成由沿著一共軸定向之多個透鏡構成的一透鏡陣列。在步驟S103，在晶圓上形成c-Si太陽能電池，以及在步驟S105，沿著c-Si晶向把晶圓劈開成多個長形太陽能電池。在步驟S107，裝設彼此實質平行隔開的長形太陽能電池條帶。在步驟S109，透鏡陣列對於該等太陽能電池經定向成可將每個透鏡配置成可以實質一維的方式各自聚集入射於其上的光線至一長形太陽能電池上。視需要，在未圖示的步驟中，可安裝該透鏡陣列及該等多個長形太陽能電池至單軸追蹤或橫向位移系統，以及該系統被編程成可移動以與太陽由東至西的運動實質匹配，例如，以最大化入射於透鏡陣列上以及聚集於條狀太陽能電池上的光線數量。 The flowchart of FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary method of fabricating a photovoltaic system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. In step S101, soda lime glass (e.g., low iron glass) is embossed with a plurality of upper and lower rollers as needed to form a lens array composed of a plurality of lenses oriented along a common axis. In step S103, a c-Si solar cell is formed on the wafer, and in step S105, the wafer is cleaved into a plurality of elongated solar cells along the c-Si crystal orientation. In step S107, elongated solar cell strips are disposed substantially parallel to each other. In step S109, the lens array is oriented for the solar cells such that each lens can be configured to collectively converge the light incident thereon onto an elongate solar cell in a substantially one-dimensional manner. Optionally, in a step not shown, the lens array and the plurality of elongated solar cells can be mounted to a single axis tracking or lateral displacement system, and the system is programmed to be movable to the east from the sun to the west. The motion is substantially matched, for example, to maximize the amount of light incident on the lens array and concentrated on the strip of solar cells.
某些示範具體實施例可用作與BIPV應用系統相關的窗戶、天窗、屋頂PV模組，或其類似者。例如，在屋頂應用中，全尺寸太陽能電池可換成條狀電池。可提供與條狀太陽能電池實質平行隔開的透鏡陣列。可用習知貼護(tabbing)、加框及接面箱(junction box)技術協助提供BIPV 應用系統。 Certain exemplary embodiments may be used as windows, skylights, rooftop PV modules, or the like, associated with BIPV applications. For example, in a rooftop application, a full-size solar cell can be replaced with a strip battery. A lens array that is substantially parallel to the strip of solar cells can be provided. Help with BIPV with tabbing, framed and junction box technology operating system.
由上述可明白，某些示範應用可經構成與絕緣玻璃(IG)單元有點類似。第一或外窗格可為柱狀透鏡陣列，而第二或內窗格可具有形成於其上的條狀太陽能電池。窗框組件可協助該等窗格彼此保持實質平行以及例如以適當的焦距相互隔開，而不是間隔物。在某些示範具體實施例中，當透鏡陣列為平表面時，這面可向外，例如，朝向太陽。當然，在某些示範實例中，提供壓花玻璃看起來會有美學特徵，以及在這種情形下，壓花表面可向外。 As can be appreciated from the above, certain exemplary applications can be constructed to be somewhat similar to insulating glass (IG) units. The first or outer pane may be a lenticular lens array and the second or inner pane may have a strip of solar cells formed thereon. The sash assembly can assist the panes to remain substantially parallel to one another and, for example, spaced apart from one another by a suitable focal length, rather than a spacer. In certain exemplary embodiments, when the lens array is a flat surface, the face may be outward, for example, toward the sun. Of course, in some exemplary embodiments, providing embossed glass may have aesthetic features, and in this case, the embossed surface may be outward.
例如，在某些實例中，藉由把矽太陽能電池晶圓切成狹窄的條帶，可製成太陽能板，如前述的太陽能板系統在某些方面有以下優點，例如，它們可減少昂貴矽太陽能電池所需面積一半以上。 For example, in some instances, solar panels can be fabricated by cutting a solar cell wafer into narrow strips, such as the solar panel systems described above, which have the following advantages in some respects, for example, they can be reduced in cost. The solar cell requires more than half of the area.
隨著改善效率及實施“綠色”技術的社會及政治壓力的增加，最好實現有助於改善例如建築物及其類似者之操作效率(例如，相對於用電量等等)的方法及/或產品。應瞭解，在某些情境中，建築物的效率可通過不同的途徑來改善。例如，在某些實例中，可改善及/或實現光電控制、遮陽及/或玻璃效能，以便增加操作效率。某些示範光電控制係有關於包含可改善“採光”的控制，例如，利用天然外面的光線來改善內部照明。在某些實例中，遮陽可包含添加水平及/或垂直裝置。最後，用於控制效率的另一示範技術是通過玻璃效能，例如，改善用作建築物窗戶之玻璃基板及單元的太陽能及/或熱性質。 As environmental and political pressures to improve efficiency and implement "green" technologies increase, it is desirable to implement methods that improve the operational efficiency of, for example, buildings and the like (eg, relative to electricity usage, etc.). Or product. It should be understood that in some situations, the efficiency of a building can be improved in different ways. For example, in some instances, photovoltaic control, shading, and/or glass performance may be improved and/or achieved to increase operational efficiency. Some exemplary optoelectronic control systems involve the inclusion of controls that improve "lighting," for example, using natural outside light to improve interior lighting. In some instances, the shading can include the addition of horizontal and/or vertical devices. Finally, another exemplary technique for controlling efficiency is through solar performance, for example, improving the solar and/or thermal properties of glass substrates and units used as windows in buildings.
表3圖示通過光電控制、遮陽及玻璃效能可改善某些結構之效率的某些現有百分比，其係來自標題為“Driving Transformation to Energy Efficient Buildings：Policies and Actions”的報告。 Table 3 illustrates some of the existing percentages that can improve the efficiency of certain structures by optoelectronic control, shading, and glass efficacy from a report entitled "Driving Transformation to Energy Efficient Buildings: Policies and Actions."
因此，應瞭解，在一些實例中，有機會進一步改善某些建築操作的效率。例如，總成及/或用於製作該等總成的方法包括某種程度的光電控制、遮陽、及改良玻璃效能是合乎需要的。BIPV系統實作於現有結構及/或新建築可有利地協助進一步改善這些結構的操作效率。 Therefore, it should be understood that in some instances there is an opportunity to further improve the efficiency of certain building operations. For example, assemblies and/or methods for making such assemblies include some degree of optoelectronic control, shading, and improved glass performance are desirable. The implementation of BIPV systems in existing structures and/or new buildings can advantageously assist in further improving the operational efficiency of these structures.
可惜，某些現有BIPV系統由於有數種缺點而仍未實質商品化(例如，量產)。例如，某些現有BIPV系統是以垂直方式安裝，而無法利用太陽的方向及/或角度，特別是太陽大部份時間在上頭的南部位置。此外，某些現有BIPV系統可能不透明，因此不允許晝光進入建築物。在有些情形下，當BIPV系統部份透明(例如，允許一些晝光進入建築物)時，常常會犧牲掉PV效率及電力輸出。另外，某些現有BIPV系統可能不實質提供隔熱，及/或可能無法提供太陽能熱增益控制。因此，熟諳此藝者會明白，亟須一種能克服 前述缺點的改良BIPV系統。 Unfortunately, some existing BIPV systems have not been substantially commercialized (eg, mass production) due to several shortcomings. For example, some existing BIPV systems are installed in a vertical manner and cannot utilize the direction and/or angle of the sun, especially in the southern part of the head for most of the sun. In addition, some existing BIPV systems may be opaque and therefore do not allow light to enter the building. In some cases, when the BIPV system is partially transparent (for example, allowing some twilight to enter the building), PV efficiency and power output are often sacrificed. Additionally, some existing BIPV systems may not provide substantial thermal insulation and/or may not provide solar thermal gain control. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that there is no need to overcome An improved BIPV system with the aforementioned disadvantages.
描述於本文的某些示範具體實施例係有關於改良BIPV系統(例如，建築物整合式太陽能光電板)及其製造方法。描述於本文之總成的某些示範具體實施例可包含光伏打天窗、窗戶、擋風玻璃、汽車的可開式車頂及/或其他光伏打應用系統。在某些示範具體實施例中，描述於本文的總成可包含雙重或三重玻璃窗單元。在某些示範實例中，包含示範改良BIPV系統的總成可安裝於現有屋頂及/或立面區中。當然，在建造新建築時，也可裝上描述於本文的某些總成。在某些示範具體實施例中，包含改良BIPV系統的總成可用可能更有成本效益的系統取代現有建築物材料。 Certain exemplary embodiments described herein relate to improved BIPV systems (eg, building integrated solar photovoltaic panels) and methods of making the same. Certain exemplary embodiments described herein may include photovoltaic sunroofs, windows, windshields, open roofs for automobiles, and/or other photovoltaic applications. In certain exemplary embodiments, the assemblies described herein may comprise double or triple glazing units. In certain exemplary embodiments, an assembly including an exemplary modified BIPV system can be installed in an existing roof and/or facade area. Of course, some of the assemblies described in this article can also be installed when building a new building. In certain exemplary embodiments, an assembly including an improved BIPV system can replace existing building materials with a potentially more cost effective system.
在某些示範具體實施例中，如本文所述的總成可有利地(1)以一緯度傾角安裝，使得它們面向赤道，以便增加入射於透鏡狀陣列上面的直射日光量；(2)允許漫射晝光進入結構，同時使大部份或實質全部的直射日光用於太陽能電池；(3)提供自動調節或動態太陽能熱控制，包括必要時降低太陽能熱增益係數，及/或(4)提供改良的隔熱。 In certain exemplary embodiments, the assemblies as described herein may advantageously (1) be mounted at an latitude angle such that they face the equator to increase the amount of direct sunlight incident on the lenticular array; (2) allow Diffuse light into the structure while allowing most or substantially all of the direct sunlight to be used in solar cells; (3) providing automatic or dynamic solar thermal control, including reducing the solar thermal gain factor if necessary, and/or (4) Provides improved insulation.
圖11圖示根據某些示範具體實施例之總成的透視圖。在某些示範具體實施例中，圖11的總成可為光伏打天窗。圖11的總成可包含透鏡狀陣列(例如，透鏡陣列、柱狀透鏡陣列、等等)與支撐數個太陽能電池的基板，彼等一起配置於框體或其類似者中以形成雙重玻璃窗單元。該總成可配置於建築物、屋頂、立面等等上，使得日光會入射 於其上以及被透鏡陣列聚集。然後，可將光線聚焦於太陽能電池上。由圖11可見，該柱狀透鏡陣列可包含各自把光線聚焦於條狀太陽能電池5a至5d上的多個透鏡3a至3d。如以下所詳述的，該透鏡陣列及/或該等條狀太陽能電池可相對移動，例如，由位置1至位置2(以及中間點)，以考慮到太陽在天空中的運動(例如，由早上的東方到下午的西方)。 Figure 11 illustrates a perspective view of an assembly in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments. In certain exemplary embodiments, the assembly of Figure 11 can be a photovoltaic sunroof. The assembly of Figure 11 may comprise a lenticular array (e.g., a lens array, a lenticular lens array, etc.) and a substrate supporting a plurality of solar cells, which are disposed together in a frame or the like to form a double glazing unit. The assembly can be placed on buildings, roofs, facades, etc., so that sunlight can be incident Above it and gathered by the lens array. The light can then be focused on the solar cell. As can be seen from Fig. 11, the lenticular lens array may include a plurality of lenses 3a to 3d each focusing light on the strip-shaped solar cells 5a to 5d. As described in more detail below, the lens array and/or the strip of solar cells can be relatively moved, for example, from position 1 to position 2 (and intermediate points) to account for the movement of the sun in the sky (eg, by Morning in the morning to the west in the afternoon).
圖12根據某些示範具體實施例圖示雙重玻璃窗絕緣玻璃光伏打天窗系統75的示範橫截面圖。在圖12中，第一基板100包含透鏡狀陣列3，以及配置數個太陽能電池5於第二玻璃基板200上。基板100及200用空氣間隙50隔開。基板100及200一起形成雙重玻璃窗單元。圖12更圖示滑動機構40。某些示範具體實施例可加入滑動機構40以協助太陽能電池及/或基板200例如彼此之間的橫向移動。此外，視需要的低放射率塗層4可配置於圖12之總成75的內表面上。在某些示範具體實施例，總成75可含有低放射率塗層；例如，於總成之基板的內表面上。雖然未明確地圖示，根據任何示範具體實施例，低放射率塗層可配置於總成75中之任何基板的一或更多表面上。此外，在該等基板中之任一的一或更多表面上也可提供抗反射塗層。 FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary cross-sectional view of a dual glazing insulating glass photovoltaic skylight system 75, in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments. In FIG. 12, the first substrate 100 includes a lenticular array 3, and a plurality of solar cells 5 are disposed on the second glass substrate 200. The substrates 100 and 200 are separated by an air gap 50. The substrates 100 and 200 together form a double glazing unit. Figure 12 further illustrates the sliding mechanism 40. Certain exemplary embodiments may incorporate a sliding mechanism 40 to assist lateral movement of the solar cells and/or substrate 200, such as between each other. Additionally, an optional low emissivity coating 4 can be disposed on the inner surface of assembly 75 of FIG. In certain exemplary embodiments, assembly 75 may contain a low emissivity coating; for example, on the inner surface of the substrate of the assembly. Although not explicitly illustrated, a low emissivity coating can be disposed on one or more surfaces of any of the substrates 75 in accordance with any of the exemplary embodiments. Additionally, an anti-reflective coating can also be provided on one or more of any of the substrates.
在某些示範具體實施例中，該總成可包含附加(例如，第三、甚至更多)玻璃基板，以及可為三重玻璃窗單元。圖13根據某些示範具體實施例圖示三重玻璃窗BIPV系統的示範具體實施例。在圖13中，透鏡狀陣列100及支撐條狀太陽能電池5的基板200皆配置於與框體40相關的絕緣單 元中，在第一及第二基板之間有空氣間隙50。基板200能夠橫向移動，如囊袋70所示。此外，在示範三重玻璃窗具體實施例中，第三基板300設在基板200的反面(相對於基板100)，面在基板200、300之間產生第二空氣間隙60。在某些示範具體實施例中，基板300可為任何適當玻璃基板。雖然未圖示於圖13，根據任何示範具體實施例，低放射率塗層可配置於總成75中之任何基板的一或更多表面上。當它們可保護低放射率塗層或其類似者的功能層(或數個)時，內表面2、4及5可為用於該塗層的合意位置。此外，在該等基板中之任一的一或更多表面上也可提供抗反射塗層。 In certain exemplary embodiments, the assembly may include additional (eg, third, or even more) glass substrates, and may be triple glazing units. Figure 13 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a triple glazing BIPV system in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments. In FIG. 13 , the lenticular array 100 and the substrate 200 supporting the strip solar cells 5 are all disposed on the insulation sheet associated with the frame 40 . In the element, there is an air gap 50 between the first and second substrates. The substrate 200 is capable of lateral movement as shown by the bladder 70. Moreover, in the exemplary triple glazing embodiment, the third substrate 300 is disposed on the opposite side of the substrate 200 (relative to the substrate 100) with a second air gap 60 created between the substrates 200, 300. In certain exemplary embodiments, substrate 300 can be any suitable glass substrate. Although not shown in FIG. 13, a low emissivity coating can be disposed on one or more surfaces of any of the substrates 75 in accordance with any of the exemplary embodiments. The inner surfaces 2, 4 and 5 can be desirable locations for the coating when they can protect the functional layer (or plurality) of the low emissivity coating or the like. Additionally, an anti-reflective coating can also be provided on one or more of any of the substrates.
由於總成之某些示範具體實施例的(至少)雙重玻璃窗本質，在某些示範實例中，可產生一些程度的隔熱。此外，提供於第一及第二及/或第二及第三基板之間的空氣間隙可實質抽空及/或填滿惰性氣體(例如，氬、氮、氙及/或類似物)以便形成絕緣玻璃單元。在某些實施例中，這可進一步改善隔熱。應瞭解，在某些示範具體實施例中，在實作成為窗戶及/或天窗時，與類似雙重玻璃窗系統相比，三重玻璃窗總成可有利地提供更大程度的隔熱。不過，在其他示範情形下，空氣間隙可僅僅包含空氣。 Due to the (at least) dual glazing nature of certain exemplary embodiments of the assembly, some degree of thermal insulation may be produced in certain exemplary embodiments. In addition, the air gap provided between the first and second and/or second and third substrates may be substantially evacuated and/or filled with an inert gas (eg, argon, nitrogen, helium, and/or the like) to form an insulation. Glass unit. In some embodiments, this can further improve insulation. It will be appreciated that in certain exemplary embodiments, when implemented as a window and/or skylight, the triple glazing assembly may advantageously provide a greater degree of insulation than a similar dual glazing system. However, in other exemplary situations, the air gap may only contain air.
在某些實施例中，圖11、圖12及/或圖13的總成可整合於建築物的屋頂或蓋狀結構、停車場結構(例如，以充電電動車或電動車的可開式車頂以使它們的電池充電)、等等。在某些實例中，圖11、圖12及/或圖13的總成可以一緯度傾角安裝，使得它們面向赤道，以及增加入射於 透鏡陣列上面的直射日光量。在模組安裝於移動中或停放車輛之可開式車頂的情形下，光感測器可控制PV陣列相對於透鏡陣列的橫向位移，因為太陽能的入射方向會取決於移動中或停放車輛的方向。 In certain embodiments, the assembly of Figures 11, 12, and/or 13 can be integrated into a roof or lid structure of a building, a parking structure (eg, an openable roof for charging an electric or electric vehicle) To charge their batteries), and so on. In some examples, the assemblies of Figures 11, 12, and/or 13 can be mounted at a latitudinal angle such that they face the equator and increase incidence The amount of direct sunlight above the lens array. In the case where the module is mounted on a moving or parkable open roof of the vehicle, the light sensor can control the lateral displacement of the PV array relative to the lens array, since the direction of incidence of the solar energy will depend on whether the vehicle is moving or parked. direction.
在一天當中，太陽由東方移動到西方。在某些示範具體實施例中，支撐圖示於圖11、圖12及/或圖13之條狀太陽能電池的玻璃基板對於透鏡狀陣列可由圖左移到圖右。換言之，在某些示範具體實施例中，整個總成相對於彼之安裝表面的位置可保持固定或實質固定，同時支撐條狀太陽能電池的基板在固定或實質固定總成內對於透鏡狀陣列橫向移動。在某些實例中，這可維持光線的焦點實質正好在太陽能電池上。 During the day, the sun moves from the east to the west. In certain exemplary embodiments, the glass substrate supporting the strip-shaped solar cells illustrated in Figures 11, 12, and/or 13 can be moved from the left to the right for the lenticular array. In other words, in certain exemplary embodiments, the position of the entire assembly relative to the mounting surface thereof may remain fixed or substantially fixed while the substrate supporting the strip solar cells is laterally oriented to the lenticular array within the fixed or substantially fixed assembly. mobile. In some instances, this maintains the focus of the light substantially on the solar cell.
應瞭解，這種移動(例如，該單元之一部份保持實質固定同時該單元的另一方面對於固定方面移動)可不同於其他單軸追蹤系統。例如，在其他情形下，太陽能電池的位置對於透鏡陣列可呈固定，以及在有些情形下，可用單軸追蹤法追蹤太陽，甚至用雙軸追蹤法。不過，如以上所解釋的，藉由對透鏡狀陣列實質橫向地移動太陽能電池來實施系統追蹤可取代單或雙軸追蹤法。 It should be appreciated that such movement (e.g., one portion of the unit remains substantially fixed while another aspect of the unit moves for a fixed aspect) may be different than other single axis tracking systems. For example, in other situations, the position of the solar cell can be fixed for the lens array, and in some cases, the sun can be tracked by a single axis tracking method, even with a two-axis tracking method. However, as explained above, system tracking can be implemented by physically moving the solar cells substantially lenticularly to the lenticular array instead of single or dual axis tracking.
在某些示範具體實施例中，藉由對透鏡陣列橫向地移動太陽能電池的追蹤可能比太陽能電池之位置對於透鏡陣列是固定的情形有利。例如，這使得總成能更容易地整合於現有結構及/或新構造。在某些情形下，這使得整個總成在建築物、屋頂、立面或其類似者內能實質保持靜止 不動(例如，只在實質固定框體及/或類似者內發生移動)；然而仍允許日光整天隨著時間聚焦於太陽能電池條帶上，如上述。 In certain exemplary embodiments, tracking by laterally moving the solar cell to the lens array may be advantageous than if the position of the solar cell is fixed to the lens array. For example, this allows the assembly to be more easily integrated into existing structures and/or new constructions. In some cases, this allows the entire assembly to remain substantially stationary in a building, roof, facade, or the like. Immobile (eg, movement only within substantially fixed frames and/or the like); however, daylight is still allowed to focus on the solar cell strips over time, as described above.
由於太陽能電池對於透鏡狀陣列有此相對偏移，太陽能電池可繼續產生電同時部份或實質阻擋直射太陽輻射進入建築物，從而減少強光。在某些示範具體實施例中，這可提供自動調節太陽能熱控制。例如，當總成暴露於未遮蓋的太陽時，亦即在大白天，太陽能電池可實質吸收所有直射光，以及阻擋直射太陽輻射進入建築物。因此，在情況合乎需要時，可有利地降低某些示範總成的太陽能熱增益係數。 Since the solar cell has this relative offset to the lenticular array, the solar cell can continue to generate electricity while partially or substantially blocking direct solar radiation from entering the building, thereby reducing glare. In certain exemplary embodiments, this can provide for automatic adjustment of solar thermal control. For example, when the assembly is exposed to an uncovered sun, that is, during the day, the solar cell can substantially absorb all of the direct light and block direct solar radiation from entering the building. Thus, the solar thermal gain factor of certain exemplary assemblies can be advantageously reduced when the situation warrants.
另一方面，在某些示範具體實施例中，漫射光(例如，不是直射自太陽的光線，然而仍入射於玻璃表面上)無法聚焦於太陽能電池條帶上，以及在太陽能電池之間通過。進入建築物的漫射光可有利地提供內部照明。在某些示範具體實施例中，可提供建築物及/或結構的漫射照明而不明顯影響(例如，減少)光伏打效率及/或電力輸出。此外，在某些示範具體實施例中，漫射光輸入增加也可有利地減少人工照明的需要。 On the other hand, in some exemplary embodiments, diffused light (eg, light that is not directly from the sun, but still incident on the glass surface) cannot be focused on the solar cell strip and passed between the solar cells. The diffused light entering the building can advantageously provide internal illumination. In certain exemplary embodiments, diffuse illumination of buildings and/or structures may be provided without significantly affecting (eg, reducing) photovoltaic efficiency and/or power output. Moreover, in certain exemplary embodiments, increased diffuse light input may also advantageously reduce the need for artificial lighting.
更特別的是，翻到與上述示範改良BIPV系統有關的結構(或數個)及優點，在某些實例中，這些總成可包含透鏡陣列(例如，柱狀透鏡陣列(CLA)、透鏡狀陣列等等)與支撐太陽能電池的基板，在某些示範具體實施例中，該基板能夠橫向移動。 More particularly, the structure (or features) and advantages associated with the above-described exemplary modified BIPV system are turned into, and in some instances, these assemblies may include a lens array (eg, a lenticular lens array (CLA), lenticular The array, etc., and the substrate supporting the solar cell, in certain exemplary embodiments, the substrate is capable of lateral movement.
圖11圖示用透鏡狀陣列聚焦於條狀太陽能電池上的直射太陽輻射。例如，透鏡狀陣列的聚光比可約為1.5x至30x，約有2x至20x更佳，以及約有3x至10x為最佳，以及其間的所有子範圍。 Figure 11 illustrates direct solar radiation focused on a strip of solar cells with a lenticular array. For example, the lenticular ratio of the lenticular array can be from about 1.5x to about 30x, from about 2x to about 20x, and from about 3x to about 10x, and all subranges therebetween.
圖3圖示一示範透鏡陣列。圖3示意圖示柱狀透鏡陣列(CLA)。某些CLA示範具體實施例已描述於本文。透鏡陣列使用於光學工業及顯示器工業，例如。在某些實例中，CLA可用於三維(3D)顯示器。如前述，在某些實施例中，CLA可為平凸形透鏡。不過，CLA也可為雙凸透鏡。 Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary lens array. Figure 3 is a schematic view of a lenticular lens array (CLA). Certain CLA exemplary embodiments have been described herein. Lens arrays are used in the optical industry and display industry, for example. In some instances, CLAs can be used in three-dimensional (3D) displays. As noted above, in certain embodiments, the CLA can be a plano-convex lens. However, the CLA can also be a lenticular lens.
圖示於圖3的CLA為示範平凸形透鏡陣列。例如，以平凸形透鏡陣列而言，由平面側及凸側進入的準直光的焦距可相同。以上描述圖3的示範透鏡陣列尺寸。這些尺寸是用來圖解說明。在某些情形下，透鏡設計至少部份取決於適宜的玻璃厚度變化(例如，玻璃厚度在全基板上的最大變化量)，以及太陽能電池的寬度(例如，條狀太陽能電池的縱橫比等等)。 The CLA shown in Figure 3 is an exemplary plano-convex lens array. For example, in the case of a plano-convex lens array, the focal lengths of the collimated light entering from the planar side and the convex side may be the same. The exemplary lens array dimensions of Figure 3 are described above. These dimensions are used to illustrate. In some cases, the lens design depends, at least in part, on the appropriate glass thickness variation (eg, the maximum amount of glass thickness on the full substrate), as well as the width of the solar cell (eg, the aspect ratio of the strip solar cell, etc.) ).
如上述，在三重絕緣玻璃單元具體實施例中，在表面4及/或表面5上可提供低放射率塗層。(例如，中間基板的)一或更多表面可經蝕刻成可協助促進光線漫射通過該單元。也可使用AR塗層。申請於2011年12月13日的美國申請案第13/324,267號提及示範低放射率及AR塗層及其組態，其全部內容在此併入本文作為參考資料。以下提及其他示範低放射率塗層，和其他示範AR塗層包括揭示於美國專利第7,767,253號，以及美國公開案第2012/0057236號、 第2011/0157703號、第2009/0133748號、第2009/0101209號、第2009/0032098號、第2009/0025777、以及美國申請案第13/360,898號(申請於2012年1月30日)與第13/361,754號(申請於2012年1月30日)者。每個文獻的全部內容在此併入本文作為參考資料。以亞利桑那州的鳳凰城為例，此一單元預期可產生175-750千瓦小時/平方米/年，225至500千瓦小時/平方米/年為較佳，以及示範能源生產量為258千瓦小時/平方米/年。在某些示範具體實施例中，在直射太陽光下，太陽能熱增益係數(SHGC)小於0.40為較佳，小於0.20更佳，小於0.15也更佳，以及有時為0.12或更低。相比之下，在多雲狀態下，SHGC小於0.80為較佳，小於0.65更佳，以及有時約為0.5或更低。當然，不同氣候及/或地理區域可提供較高或較低的數值。在提供低放射率及AR塗層兩者時，總成的U值可小於0.5，小於0.35更佳，以及有時約為0.2。可見光透射率在這種情形下可約為50%，然而基於所欲應用，可提供較高或較低的數值。 As noted above, in a triple insulated glass unit embodiment, a low emissivity coating can be provided on surface 4 and/or surface 5. One or more surfaces (eg, of the intermediate substrate) may be etched to assist in promoting diffusion of light through the unit. AR coatings can also be used. Exemplary low emissivity and AR coatings and their configurations are mentioned in U.S. Application Serial No. 13/324,267, filed on Dec. 13, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Other exemplary low emissivity coatings are mentioned below, and other exemplary AR coatings are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,767,253, and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2012/0057236. 2011/0157703, 2009/0133748, 2009/0101209, 2009/0032098, 2009/0025777, and US application No. 13/360, 898 (applied on January 30, 2012) and 13/361,754 (applied on January 30, 2012). The entire contents of each of the documents are incorporated herein by reference. In the case of Phoenix, Arizona, this unit is expected to produce 175-750 kWh/m2/year, 225-500 kWh/m2/year is preferred, and the demonstration energy production is 258 kWh/ Square meter / year. In certain exemplary embodiments, the solar thermal gain coefficient (SHGC) is preferably less than 0.40, more preferably less than 0.20, more preferably less than 0.15, and sometimes 0.12 or less under direct sunlight. In contrast, in the cloudy state, SHGC is preferably less than 0.80, more preferably less than 0.65, and sometimes about 0.5 or less. Of course, different climates and/or geographic regions may provide higher or lower values. When providing both low emissivity and AR coating, the U value of the assembly can be less than 0.5, more preferably less than 0.35, and sometimes about 0.2. The visible light transmission can be about 50% in this case, however higher or lower values can be provided based on the desired application.
圖14(a)至圖14(d)圖示如何由參照柱狀透鏡(或數個)取自測量值。例如，圖14(a)圖示參照柱狀透鏡C。點光源A通過透鏡C指向白遮片螢幕(white matte screen)D，以及數位相機B記錄產生於白遮片螢幕D上的影像。圖14(b)的橫截面圖圖示來自Edmund Optics例如可用作圖14(a)之透鏡A的柱狀透鏡。圖14(c)為相機所攝取的示範影像。狹窄白帶示意圖示聚集光線。圖14(d)圖示光強度與示範柱狀透鏡之標準化位置的曲線圖(無單位)。在某些示範具體實施 例中，圖14(d)的曲線圖協助展示柱狀透鏡陣列(例如，其係為或含有壓花玻璃)可具有90%以上的調焦效率。在某些示範具體實施例中，壓花玻璃CLA可具有至少約70%的調焦效率，至少約80%更佳，以及在某些示範具體實施例中，約90%最佳。 Figures 14(a) through 14(d) illustrate how the measured values are taken from the reference lenticular lens (or several). For example, FIG. 14(a) illustrates the reference lenticular lens C. The point light source A points through the lens C to the white matte screen D, and the digital camera B records the image generated on the white matte screen D. The cross-sectional view of Fig. 14(b) illustrates a lenticular lens from Edmund Optics, for example, which can be used as the lens A of Fig. 14(a). Figure 14 (c) is an exemplary image taken by the camera. The narrow leucorrhea diagram shows the concentrated light. Figure 14 (d) shows a graph of the light intensity and the normalized position of the exemplary lenticular lens (no unit). In some demonstration implementations In the example, the graph of Figure 14(d) assists in showing that the lenticular lens array (e.g., it is or contains embossed glass) can have a focus efficiency of greater than 90%. In certain exemplary embodiments, the embossed glass CLA can have a focus efficiency of at least about 70%, preferably at least about 80%, and in some exemplary embodiments, about 90% optimal.
應瞭解，揭示於本文之透鏡陣列可包含玻璃、塑料及/或其他合適材料。 It will be appreciated that the lens array disclosed herein may comprise glass, plastic, and/or other suitable materials.
如本文所述，透鏡狀陣列可聚焦及/或聚集入射光至小區域，以及集中後的光線可透射通過該陣列以及入射於一或更多太陽能電池上。該等太陽能電池可排成一行使得它們的位置實質對應至透射通過透鏡狀陣列之聚集光線的大小、形狀及/或位置。在這點上，光線可集中的區域愈小，太陽能電池可愈窄，在某些實例中。在某些示範具體實施例中，較窄的條狀太陽能電池可有利地允許更多漫射光穿經透鏡狀陣列及支撐著該等太陽能電池的基板，而進入配置該總成的建築物。 As described herein, a lenticular array can focus and/or concentrate incident light to a small area, and the concentrated light can be transmitted through the array and incident on one or more solar cells. The solar cells can be arranged in a row such that their positions substantially correspond to the size, shape and/or position of the concentrated light transmitted through the lenticular array. At this point, the smaller the area where the light can be concentrated, the narrower the solar cell can be, in some instances. In certain exemplary embodiments, a narrower strip of solar cell may advantageously allow more diffused light to pass through the lenticular array and support the substrates of the solar cells into the building in which the assembly is configured.
可用數種方式成本效益地製造用於聚光型太陽能模組(CPV)的透鏡陣列，包括，例如，形態化如共有及共同受讓之美國公開案第2011/0259394號及第2011/0263066號所述的玻璃，這些文獻併入本文作為參考資料。在某些實施例中，該玻璃可為或含有低鐵玻璃。在其他示範具體實施例中，製作用於CPV應用的透鏡狀陣列可藉由層壓塑膠模造的透鏡狀陣列(例如，由PMMA製成)至玻璃基板(例如，低鐵玻璃基板)。就此情形而言，透鏡陣列是在內部位 置，而玻璃基板保護它免受害於外部元件。 A lens array for a concentrating solar module (CPV) can be cost-effectively manufactured in a number of ways, including, for example, morphologically, as disclosed and commonly assigned, US Publication Nos. 2011/0259394 and 2011/0263066 The glasses are incorporated herein by reference. In certain embodiments, the glass can be or contain low iron glass. In other exemplary embodiments, lenticular arrays for CPV applications can be fabricated by laminating plastic molded lenticular arrays (eg, made of PMMA) to glass substrates (eg, low iron glass substrates). In this case, the lens array is inside. The glass substrate protects it from external components.
在某些示範具體實施例中，可配置抗反射塗層於透鏡狀陣列的表面上。圖15(a)至圖15(c)展示如何配置一或更多AR塗層於透鏡狀陣列上。更特別的是，圖15(a)至圖15(c)顯示AR塗層80可為單面或雙面型(例如，如圖15(b)至圖15(c)及圖15(a)所示)，在某些示範具體實施例中，以及可設於透鏡狀陣列的第一或者是第二表面(或兩者)上。在某些示範具體實施例中，雙面AR塗層可造成透鏡陣列透射率及/或光伏打輸出達6%的增量。同樣，單面AR塗層可讓透射率及/或輸出增加約達3%。適當的AR塗層描述於，例如，美國公開號第2011/0157703號及第2012/0057236號，以及申請於2011年1月27的美國申請案第12/929,481號。在某些示範具體實施例中，該等太陽能電池可為或含有任何適當材料。不過，在某些示範具體實施例中，該等太陽能電池可為矽條狀太陽能電池。某些矽條狀太陽能電池已被Solaria商品化為2x CPV面板。在這些實例中，太陽能電池條帶可直接裝在透鏡狀陣列的背部上。 In certain exemplary embodiments, an anti-reflective coating can be disposed on the surface of the lenticular array. Figures 15(a) through 15(c) show how one or more AR coatings can be placed on a lenticular array. More specifically, Figures 15(a) through 15(c) show that the AR coating 80 can be single-sided or double-sided (e.g., as shown in Figures 15(b) through 15(c) and Figure 15(a). Shown), in some exemplary embodiments, and may be provided on the first or second surface (or both) of the lenticular array. In certain exemplary embodiments, a double-sided AR coating can result in a lens array transmittance and/or a photovoltaic output of up to 6% increments. Similarly, a single-sided AR coating can increase transmission and/or output by up to about 3%. Suitable AR coatings are described in, for example, U.S. Publication Nos. 2011/0157703 and 2012/0057236, and U.S. Application Serial No. 12/929,481, filed on Jan. 27, 2011. In certain exemplary embodiments, the solar cells can be or contain any suitable material. However, in certain exemplary embodiments, the solar cells may be a stranded solar cell. Some of the strip-shaped solar cells have been commercialized by Solaria as 2x CPV panels. In these examples, the solar cell strips can be mounted directly on the back of the lenticular array.
在有些情形下，太陽能電池條帶可直接附著至實際需要單軸追蹤之柱狀透鏡陣列的背部。例如，參考美國窮第8,119,902號，以及美國申請案第2012/0067397號、第2011/0315196號、第2011/0186107號、第2011/0168232號、第2010/0294338號、第2009/0056788號、第2008/0289689，這些文獻顯示以上及/或其他相關設計。 In some cases, the solar cell strip can be attached directly to the back of a lenticular lens array that actually requires single axis tracking. For example, refer to U.S. Patent No. 8,119,902, and U.S. Application No. 2012/0067397, No. 2011/0315196, No. 2011/0186107, No. 2011/0168232, No. 2010/0294338, No. 2009/0056788, 2008/0289689, these documents show above and/or other related designs.
窄體型晶片技術及包裝在有些實例中已用於平 板顯示器工業的驅動晶片。在某些示範具體實施例中，可使用有相對高縱橫比的長形矽條帶。例如，縱橫比(例如，長度與寬度)可約為10：1，約15：1更佳，以及約20：1最佳(例如，10毫米x 1毫米，20毫米x 2毫米，15毫米x 1毫米，20毫米x 1毫米等等)，但是在某些實例中，甚至可更大。例如，在某些示範具體實施例中，LCD的驅動IC(例如，在平板顯示器工業中)可具有大於30毫米的長度以及小於1.5毫米的寬度。在某些實施例中，這些條帶可用低成本的玻璃上晶片(COG)技術直接或間接地裝在玻璃上。 Narrow body wafer technology and packaging have been used in some instances Driver chip for the panel display industry. In certain exemplary embodiments, elongated stringers having a relatively high aspect ratio can be used. For example, the aspect ratio (eg, length and width) can be about 10:1, preferably about 15:1, and about 20:1 optimal (eg, 10 mm x 1 mm, 20 mm x 2 mm, 15 mm x) 1 mm, 20 mm x 1 mm, etc.), but in some instances it may even be larger. For example, in certain exemplary embodiments, a driver IC for an LCD (eg, in the flat panel display industry) can have a length greater than 30 millimeters and a width less than 1.5 millimeters. In some embodiments, the strips can be mounted directly or indirectly on the glass using low cost on-wafer (COG) technology.
只有背接觸的太陽能電池(例如，Sunpower公司的)在某些實施例中為較佳，以避免陰影效應。此外，在某些示範具體實施例中，只有背接觸的太陽能電池可用低成本COG技術直接裝在玻璃基板上。不過，在其他示範具體實施例中，該等太陽能電池可具有前及/或背接觸。 Only back contact solar cells (e.g., Sunpower Corporation) are preferred in certain embodiments to avoid shadowing effects. Moreover, in certain exemplary embodiments, only back contact solar cells can be mounted directly onto the glass substrate using low cost COG technology. However, in other exemplary embodiments, the solar cells may have front and/or back contact.
此外可用於某些太陽能電池的某些示範晶圓切片方法可有利地產生成本較低長達6或8英吋(以及在有些情形下，甚至更長)的條狀太陽能電池，在某些情形下。特別是，在某些示範具體實施例中，這些晶圓切片技術可有利地用於高效率背接觸太陽能電池。在某些示範具體實施例中，用於高效率背接觸太陽能電池(例如，由Sunpower製造的)的晶圓切片技術可導致超低成本(例如，約幾分錢)的條狀太陽能電池，以及長度例如達6或8英吋晶圓尺寸(例如，150至210毫米)。 In addition, certain exemplary wafer slicing methods that can be used with certain solar cells can advantageously produce strip solar cells that are as low as 6 or 8 inches (and in some cases, even longer), in some cases. under. In particular, in certain exemplary embodiments, these wafer slicing techniques can be advantageously utilized for high efficiency back contact solar cells. In certain exemplary embodiments, wafer dicing techniques for high efficiency back contact solar cells (eg, manufactured by Sunpower) can result in ultra low cost (eg, about a few cents) strip solar cells, and The length is, for example, up to 6 or 8 inches of wafer size (eg, 150 to 210 mm).
因此，由上述可明白有相對高之縱橫比的長形矽 條帶可以相對低的成本直接或間接地附著至玻璃基板。 Therefore, from the above, it can be understood that there is a relatively high aspect ratio of the long 矽 The strip can be attached directly or indirectly to the glass substrate at a relatively low cost.
另外，描述於本文之某些示範總成可有利地與其他商業化太陽能條帶不同。例如，在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，透鏡狀陣列與支撐著該等太陽能電池的基板可配置於框體中使得可形成絕緣玻璃單元。在某些實例中，在第一玻璃基板(例如，透鏡狀陣列)與帶有太陽能電池的第二玻璃基板之間可提供空氣間隙。在某些實例中，該等基板更遠地隔開以形成空氣間隙。由於透鏡狀陣列與該等太陽能電池的距離增加，較高的聚光比變成有可能(例如，由約2x至20x，由約3x至10x為較佳，以及其間的所有子範圍)。在某些情形下，光線聚光增加從而“光束”尺寸減少可有利地減少矽太陽能電池的必要寬度。如此減少面積也可進一步減少與太陽能電池有關的成本(例如，因為較小面積的太陽能電池可減少太陽能電池材料的需要量)。 Additionally, certain exemplary assemblies described herein may advantageously be different than other commercial solar strips. For example, in some exemplary embodiments of the invention, a lenticular array and a substrate supporting the solar cells may be disposed in a frame such that an insulating glass unit may be formed. In some examples, an air gap may be provided between a first glass substrate (eg, a lenticular array) and a second glass substrate with a solar cell. In some instances, the substrates are spaced further apart to form an air gap. As the distance between the lenticular array and the solar cells increases, a higher concentration ratio becomes possible (e.g., from about 2x to 20x, preferably from about 3x to 10x, and all subranges therebetween). In some cases, the increase in light concentration such that the "beam" size reduction can advantageously reduce the necessary width of the tantalum solar cell. Such a reduction in area can further reduce the cost associated with solar cells (eg, because smaller areas of solar cells can reduce the amount of solar cell material required).
如上述，支撐著該等太陽能電池之該基板可被組配成能在總成內橫向移動。換言之，描述於本文之總成的某些示範具體實施例可有利地包含只用於下基板的橫向移動機構，例如支撐著該等太陽能電池之該基板。在這方面，框體中可支撐該透鏡陣列與支撐該等太陽能電池的基板，以及在某些實例中，可提供框體使得它允許支撐著該等太陽能電池之該基板橫向移動。 As mentioned above, the substrate supporting the solar cells can be assembled to move laterally within the assembly. In other words, certain exemplary embodiments of the assemblies described herein may advantageously include lateral movement mechanisms for only the lower substrate, such as the substrate supporting the solar cells. In this regard, the lens array can support the substrate and the substrate supporting the solar cells, and in some instances, the frame can be provided such that it allows lateral movement of the substrate supporting the solar cells.
隨著太陽在一天當中的位置，某些示範具體實施例可有利地讓太陽能電池(例如，條狀太陽能電池)與被透鏡狀陣列聚集的“光束”保持實質共線，而不需要習知單或雙 軸追蹤系統。此橫向移動能力在某些示範具體實施例中可有利地使得總成能夠以固定方式裝入及/或整合於建築物、結構及/或類似者，使得整個總成實質保持不動(例如，站允許更好地密封、較少笨重的框體等等)。在某些示範具體實施例中，此橫向移動可用來取代單或雙軸追蹤系統。 With the position of the sun throughout the day, certain exemplary embodiments may advantageously maintain a solar cell (eg, a strip of solar cells) in substantial collinear relationship with a "beam" that is concentrated by a lenticular array without the need for a conventional single Or double Axis tracking system. This lateral mobility capability may, in certain exemplary embodiments, advantageously enable the assembly to be loaded and/or integrated into a building, structure, and/or the like in a fixed manner such that the entire assembly remains substantially stationary (eg, station Allows better sealing, less bulky frames, etc.). In some exemplary embodiments, this lateral movement can be used in place of a single or dual axis tracking system.
例如，為了保持直射日光在太陽能電池條帶上的焦點，在某些示範具體實施例中，可做成整天隨著時間移動的第二玻璃基板(例如，該等太陽能電池配置於其上的基板)。在某些實作中，此移動可約有一公分或一英吋。再參考圖12及圖13，應注意，太陽能電池基板(200)可裝在低磨擦鉸鏈機構或滑動或軌道機構(其係與透鏡狀陣列及/或透鏡狀陣列及基板(100)等等一起裝在框體中)上以促進這種移動。如上述，在圖12及圖13以元件40圖示。例如，可使用與用於淋浴門類似的鉸鏈機構，其係使得部件能以低磨擦彼此相對運動。軌道上的滑動機構可與用於抽屜的類似。 For example, in order to maintain the focus of direct sunlight on the strip of solar cells, in some exemplary embodiments, a second glass substrate that moves throughout the day may be formed (eg, the solar cells are disposed thereon) Substrate). In some implementations, this movement can be about one centimeter or one inch. Referring again to Figures 12 and 13, it should be noted that the solar cell substrate (200) can be mounted in a low-friction hinge mechanism or a sliding or track mechanism (which is associated with a lenticular array and/or a lenticular array and substrate (100), etc. Installed in the frame to promote this movement. As described above, the components 40 are illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 13. For example, a hinge mechanism similar to that used for shower doors can be used which enables the components to move relative to one another with low friction. The sliding mechanism on the track can be similar to that used for drawers.
在某些實施例中，小型低成本線性馬達及/或致動器可用來控制帶有太陽能電池條帶之玻璃基板的橫向移動。在某些實例中，該等馬達及/或致動器可為迷你型。在有些情形下，可用小型步進馬達操作迷你型線性致動器。小型線性馬達/致動器也可用於低成本消費者電子產品、汽車及工業應用。不過，應瞭解，可用任何適當方式控制基板200的橫向移動。 In some embodiments, a small, low cost linear motor and/or actuator can be used to control lateral movement of a glass substrate with a solar cell strip. In some examples, the motors and/or actuators can be mini-type. In some cases, a mini linear actuator can be operated with a small stepper motor. Small linear motors/actuators are also used in low-cost consumer electronics, automotive and industrial applications. However, it should be understood that lateral movement of the substrate 200 can be controlled in any suitable manner.
在某些示範具體實施例中，可內建線性馬達及/或致動器於總成的框體。在某些實施例中，可用低成本微 控制器控制該等馬達及/或致動器。在某些實施例中，該等控制器可經編程成可維持透鏡狀陣列與有太陽能條帶配置於其上之玻璃基板的相對方位，以便保持日光的焦點。 In certain exemplary embodiments, a linear motor and/or actuator may be built into the frame of the assembly. In some embodiments, low cost micro The controller controls the motors and/or actuators. In some embodiments, the controllers can be programmed to maintain the relative orientation of the lenticular array to the glass substrate on which the solar strips are disposed in order to maintain the focus of daylight.
此移動為低摩擦移動較佳。因此，該移動可能需要極小的電力。例如，在某些具體實施例中，橫向移動可能需要每十分鐘有約0.01至1毫米的步進以保持日光的焦點。此外，移動該玻璃所需要的力可能低，特別是如果玻璃基板相對薄的話(例如，約小於10毫米，約小於5毫米更佳，以及約1至2毫米最佳)。在某些實例中，該玻璃可厚到足以減少曲折，但是薄到足以減少重量。在有些情形下，太陽能電池所產生的電力可用來提供電力給此移動。 This movement is preferred for low friction movement. Therefore, this movement may require very little power. For example, in some embodiments, lateral movement may require a step of about 0.01 to 1 millimeter every ten minutes to maintain the focus of daylight. Moreover, the force required to move the glass may be low, especially if the glass substrate is relatively thin (e.g., less than about 10 mm, more preferably less than about 5 mm, and most preferably about 1 to 2 mm). In some instances, the glass can be thick enough to reduce tortuosity, but thin enough to reduce weight. In some cases, the power generated by the solar cell can be used to provide power to the mobile.
描述於本文之雙重及/或三重玻璃窗總成可能不受苦於傳統聚光型光伏打系統所經受的問題。在某些習知聚光型光伏打系統(例如，安裝於沙漠或其類似者)中，可能需要堅固強健及昂貴的追蹤系統使得系統可忍受風負荷、其他外力、以及某些自然作用。不過，在揭示於本文之總成的某些示範具體實施例中，可能沒有或很少有沉重的外力衝擊追蹤系統(例如，風等等)。這是因為可安全地圍封有太陽能條帶的玻璃於透鏡狀陣列與建築物內部之間(例如，以雙重玻璃窗單元而言)，甚至圍封於第一及第三玻璃基板之間(例如，以三重玻璃窗單元或有更多基板的單元而言)。應瞭解，由雙重、三重、四重等等玻璃窗所致的改良耐用度是有利的，以及使得描述於本文之總成適合實施於節能建築物。 The dual and/or triple glazing assemblies described herein may not suffer from the problems experienced by conventional concentrating photovoltaic systems. In some conventional concentrating photovoltaic systems (eg, installed in the desert or the like), a robust and costly tracking system may be required to allow the system to withstand wind loads, other external forces, and some natural effects. However, in certain exemplary embodiments disclosed in the assembly herein, there may be no or few heavy external impact tracking systems (e.g., wind, etc.). This is because the glass that can safely enclose the solar strip is between the lenticular array and the interior of the building (for example, in the case of a double glazing unit), even enclosed between the first and third glass substrates ( For example, in the case of triple glazing units or units with more substrates). It will be appreciated that improved durability resulting from double, triple, quadruple, etc. glazings is advantageous, and that the assemblies described herein are suitable for implementation in energy efficient buildings.
如圖16所示，揭示於本文之某些示範總成可以一緯度傾角安裝於建築物的屋頂上。在某些示範具體實施例中，該等總成可隔熱。此外，該等總成對於直射日光可有利地具有低太陽能熱增益係數。另外，在某些實施例中，通過總成進入建築物的漫射光/晝光可減少人工照明的需要。基於這些特徵，建築物可有利地保持低的加熱及冷卻成本。 As shown in Figure 16, certain exemplary assemblies disclosed herein can be mounted on the roof of a building at a latitude. In certain exemplary embodiments, the assemblies may be insulated. Moreover, the assemblies may advantageously have a low solar thermal gain coefficient for direct sunlight. Additionally, in certain embodiments, the diffused light/twilight entering the building through the assembly can reduce the need for artificial lighting. Based on these characteristics, the building can advantageously maintain low heating and cooling costs.
在某些示範具體實施例中，示範總成的安裝在南部位置(北半球)、靠近赤道的位置以及南半球的北部位置特別有利(然而熟諳此藝者會了解如果實作於北半球以外的位置要修改此系統)。在某些實例中，面向赤道以一緯度傾角安裝總成可有利地提供比垂直立面系統還多的年發電量。換言之，描述於本文之總成在例如有豐富直射日光的較溫暖氣候特別有利。不過，可廣泛地應用該等總成以及它們可用於任何氣候或區域。 In some exemplary embodiments, the installation of the exemplary assembly is particularly advantageous in the southern position (northern hemisphere), near the equator, and north of the southern hemisphere (however, those skilled in the art will understand that if the implementation is outside the northern hemisphere, it is necessary to modify This system). In some instances, mounting the assembly at an latitude angle to the equator may advantageously provide more annual power generation than a vertical façade system. In other words, the assemblies described herein are particularly advantageous in, for example, warmer climates that are rich in direct sunlight. However, such assemblies are widely applicable and they can be used in any climate or region.
下表顯示在緯度33.43之鳳凰城的示範發電量資料。表4中的計算值是用NREL PVWatts計算器算出。 The table below shows the demonstration power generation data for Phoenix in the latitude of 33.43. The calculated values in Table 4 were calculated using the NREL PVWatts calculator.
如果在某些實施例中，直射日光的效率為10至20%，表5的4千瓦系統使用約25-50平方米的(BIPV)天窗面積。 If, in certain embodiments, the efficiency of direct sunlight is 10 to 20%, the 4 kW system of Table 5 uses a (BIPV) skylight area of about 25-50 square meters.
在某些示範具體實施例中，某些示範總成，例如圖示於圖11、圖12及/或圖13及/或圖14者，可用作自動調節窗戶。例如，在某些示範具體實施例中，實質只有漫射晝光可透射通過該等基板進入總成配置於其上的結構。在某些示範具體實施例中，漫射晝光可大約相當於來自太陽之總最大照射量的15%。在某些示範情形下，漫射晝光的數量可保持實質不變，而與太陽在一天當中的位置無關。在多雲或潮濕的天氣期間，或在太陽暫時在雲後面時，總成仍可透射大部份的光線至建築物內部，因為大部份為漫射光，甚至在某些實例中所有為漫射光。在太陽出現時，總照射量可增加約6倍，然而光伏打天窗系統可有利地只透射大約相同數量的光線(例如，總照射量的15%)。換言之，在某些實例中，總成可選擇性地只阻擋直射太陽輻射(例如，因為太陽輻射被太陽能條帶吸收)。因此，總成可具有可變太陽能熱增益控制，因為它阻擋大部份與直射日光有關的熱(再者，例如，因為直射太陽輻射(例如，來自直射日光者)在透射通過下基板之前被吸收)。某些示範總成因此可減少空調電費。 In certain exemplary embodiments, certain exemplary assemblies, such as those illustrated in Figures 11, 12, and/or 13, and/or 14, may be used as an automatic adjustment window. For example, in certain exemplary embodiments, substantially only diffuse pupils may be transmitted through the substrate into the structure on which the assembly is disposed. In certain exemplary embodiments, the diffuse pupil can be approximately equivalent to 15% of the total maximum exposure from the sun. In some exemplary situations, the amount of diffuse light can remain substantially unchanged regardless of the position of the sun throughout the day. During cloudy or wet weather, or when the sun is temporarily behind the clouds, the assembly still transmits most of the light to the interior of the building, as most of it is diffuse, even in some instances all diffuse light . In the presence of the sun, the total exposure can be increased by a factor of about 6, whereas a photovoltaic sunroof system can advantageously transmit only about the same amount of light (e.g., 15% of the total exposure). In other words, in some instances, the assembly can selectively block only direct solar radiation (eg, because solar radiation is absorbed by the solar strip). Thus, the assembly can have variable solar thermal gain control because it blocks most of the heat associated with direct sunlight (again, for example, because direct solar radiation (eg, from direct sunlight) is transmitted through the lower substrate before being transmitted through the lower substrate absorb). Some demonstration assemblies can therefore reduce air conditioning electricity bills.
此外，由於直射日光被太陽能電池條帶吸收(例如，用於產生電力)，漫射晝光為進入建築物的主要光線。這可協助減少來自直射日光的強光。透射漫射晝光可減少建築物之人工照明的需要，而不實質增加建築物內的周遭溫度。換言之，建築物中整合描述於本文之總成的示範具 體實施例，例如，成為天窗，窗戶，或其類似者，可有利地增加建築物內的照明而不增加溫度，減少人工照明的需要，當然，也提供額外的電力來源。因此，描述於本文之某些示範總成可用多種方式減少能源使用量及/或設施成本。此外，晝光容易促進建築物住戶的健康及生產力，如許多研究所示。 In addition, because direct sunlight is absorbed by the solar cell strip (eg, for generating electricity), diffuse sunlight is the primary light entering the building. This helps reduce glare from direct sunlight. Transmission diffuse glare reduces the need for artificial lighting in a building without substantially increasing the ambient temperature within the building. In other words, the demonstrations in the building that integrate the assembly described in this article Embodiments, for example, as skylights, windows, or the like, can advantageously increase lighting within a building without increasing temperature, reducing the need for artificial lighting, and of course, providing an additional source of electrical power. Accordingly, certain exemplary assemblies described herein can reduce energy usage and/or facility costs in a variety of ways. In addition, Dawning tends to promote the health and productivity of building occupants, as shown in many studies.
如上述，描述於本文之總成的某些示範具體實施例(例如，窗戶、天窗、雙重及/或三重玻璃窗等等)在某些示範具體實施例中可有利地提供一定程度的隔熱。描述於本文之某些示範總成可提供雙重或三重玻璃窗單元。在這點上，在有些情形下，結果可提供額外程度的隔熱。 As mentioned above, certain exemplary embodiments (eg, windows, skylights, double and/or triple glazing, etc.) described in the assembly herein may advantageously provide some degree of thermal insulation in certain exemplary embodiments. . Certain exemplary assemblies described herein may provide dual or triple glazing units. In this regard, in some cases, the results provide an additional level of insulation.
此外，為了提供建築物的額外隔熱，在內部玻璃表面中之一或更多上可提供低放射率塗層。在某些示範具體實施例中，所提供之額外隔熱的程度可有利地減少加熱成本。也可有利地減少公設帳單(utility bills)、能源使用量等等。其他示範低放射率塗層描述於美國專利第6,686,050號、第6,723,211號、第6,782,718號、第6,749,941號、第6,730,352號、第6,802,943號、第4,782,216號、第3,682,528號及第6,936,347號，這些文獻的揭示內容併入本文作為參考資料。 In addition, in order to provide additional insulation to the building, a low emissivity coating may be provided on one or more of the interior glass surfaces. In certain exemplary embodiments, the degree of additional insulation provided may advantageously reduce heating costs. It can also advantageously reduce utility bills, energy usage, and the like. Other exemplary low emissivity coatings are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,686,050, 6,723,211, 6,782,718, 6,749,941, 6,730,352, 6,802,943, 4,782,216, 3,682,528, and 6,936,347. The disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.
在某些示範具體實施例中，如果想要更多光線到達建築物內部(例如，暫時)，可編程該系統以移動太陽能電池條帶離開太陽能光的焦線。偶而，值得提供增加的光線(晝光)，包括直射太陽能輻射，給建築物的內部。不過，在 這種情況下，在某些實施例中，可能減少及/或停止電力的生產。這只是與揭示於本文之總成之某些示範方面有關的附加優點。 In some exemplary embodiments, if more light is desired to reach the interior of the building (eg, temporarily), the system can be programmed to move the solar cell strip away from the focal line of solar light. Occasionally, it is worth providing increased light (twilight), including direct solar radiation, to the interior of the building. However, in In this case, in some embodiments, the production of electricity may be reduced and/or stopped. This is merely an additional advantage associated with certain exemplary aspects of the assembly disclosed herein.
因此，應瞭解，描述於本文之某些示範總成可有利地以一緯度傾角安裝，因此可增加電力輸出，該等總成可提供進入建築物的晝光輸入，以及也可提供隔熱(例如，作為雙重及/或三重玻璃窗)。此外，某些總成也可有利地提供自動調節或動態太陽能熱控制，以及低太陽能熱增益係數(如果及/或在直射日光下有需要的話)。 Accordingly, it should be appreciated that certain exemplary assemblies described herein may advantageously be installed at a latitudinal angle of inclination, thereby increasing power output, which may provide a light input into the building and may also provide insulation ( For example, as a double and/or triple glazing). In addition, some assemblies may advantageously provide automatic or dynamic solar thermal control, as well as a low solar thermal gain factor (if needed and/or under direct sunlight).
在某些示範具體實施例中，描述於本文之示範總成的多功能可導致該等總成成為比現有/習知BIPV系統更有吸引力的建築整合型光伏打系統。在有些情況下，單獨從發電看不到有足夠的利益證明BIPV技術的投資有理。不過，藉由增加隔熱、可變太陽能熱增益控制及漫射晝光輸入，總成或包含描述於本文之改良BIPV系統(例如，窗戶、天窗等，包含雙重及/或三重玻璃窗、絕緣玻璃單元及其類似者)之總成的某些示範具體實施例可為省能建築物提供更全面的解決方案。 In certain exemplary embodiments, the versatility of the exemplary assemblies described herein may result in such assemblies becoming a more attractive building integrated photovoltaic system than existing/known BIPV systems. In some cases, there is not enough benefit from power generation alone to justify the investment in BIPV technology. However, by adding thermal insulation, variable solar thermal gain control, and diffuse calender input, the assembly may include an improved BIPV system as described herein (eg, windows, skylights, etc., including dual and/or triple glazing, insulation) Certain exemplary embodiments of the assembly of glass units and the like can provide a more comprehensive solution for energy efficient buildings.
應瞭解，揭示於此的改良BIPV系統可用於含IGU光伏打天窗以及可裝在商業屋頂上，例如，工廠、倉庫、辦公建築物、大型商店、學校、購物中心等等的屋頂。例如，在發電、隔熱、太陽能熱增益控制及/或晝光輸入之組合可減少建築物之設施及/或營業成本的任何情境中，含IGU光伏打天窗系統是有益的。 It will be appreciated that the improved BIPV system disclosed herein can be used in roofs containing IGU photovoltaic sunroofs and on commercial roofs such as factories, warehouses, office buildings, large stores, schools, shopping malls, and the like. For example, an IGU-containing photovoltaic sunroof system is beneficial in any scenario where power generation, thermal insulation, solar thermal gain control, and/or twilight input can reduce the facility's facilities and/or operating costs.
圖17(a)至圖17(e)的視圖根據某些示範具體實施例示意圖示集中太陽能光伏打天窗1700的示範多功能B1PV。更特別的是，圖17(a)為其前視圖、圖17(b)為其等角視圖，圖17(c)為通過圖17(a)之剖面A-A繪出的視圖，圖17(d)為通過圖17(a)之剖面B-B繪出的視圖，以及圖17(e)放大圖示圖17(b)的細部C。依序由外至內提供第一、第二及第三基板1702、1704及1706。第一基板1702可為蓋玻璃基板，第二基板1704在某些示範具體實施例中可為致動內在光學玻璃基板(例如，它可包含或支撐透鏡狀陣列)，及/或第三基板1706可支撐該等條狀太陽能電池。不過，在某些不同示範具體實施例中，第一基板1702可包含或支撐該透鏡狀陣列同時該第二玻璃基板支撐該等條狀太陽能電池以及對於固定的透鏡狀陣列可移動。在這種情形下，第三基板1706可為保護基板。外框1708可裝設於第一及第三基板1702及1706之間以及協助它們保持實質相互平行以及彼此隔開。它也可直接或間接支撐第二玻璃基板1704，例如，經由伺服馬達。 17(a) through 17(e) are schematic illustrations of an exemplary multi-function B1 PV of a concentrated solar photovoltaic sunroof 1700, in accordance with certain exemplary embodiments. More specifically, Fig. 17(a) is a front view thereof, Fig. 17(b) is an isometric view thereof, and Fig. 17(c) is a view taken through a section AA of Fig. 17(a), Fig. 17(d) The detail C of FIG. 17(b) is enlarged for the view drawn by the section BB of FIG. 17(a) and FIG. 17(e). The first, second, and third substrates 1702, 1704, and 1706 are sequentially provided from the outside to the inside. The first substrate 1702 can be a cover glass substrate, and the second substrate 1704 can be an actuated intrinsic optical glass substrate (eg, it can include or support a lenticular array), and/or a third substrate 1706 in certain exemplary embodiments. These strip solar cells can be supported. However, in some different exemplary embodiments, the first substrate 1702 can include or support the lenticular array while the second glass substrate supports the strips of solar cells and is movable for a fixed lenticular array. In this case, the third substrate 1706 may be a protective substrate. The outer frame 1708 can be disposed between the first and third substrates 1702 and 1706 and assist them in maintaining substantially parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other. It may also support the second glass substrate 1704 directly or indirectly, for example, via a servo motor.
例如，在某些示範具體實施例中，插銷1710可連接第二玻璃基板1704與伺服馬達的主體部1712。在伺服馬達開動時，它會造成伺服馬達桿1714(在某些示範具體實施例可包含磁鐵)伸縮，這造成經由插銷1710而與其連接的第二基板1706對應地移位。藉由提供沿著配置於其一或兩側之小型軌道1718向前滾動或以其他方式行進的一或更多滑塊1716，可促進運動。 For example, in some exemplary embodiments, the latch 1710 can connect the second glass substrate 1704 to the body portion 1712 of the servo motor. When the servo motor is actuated, it causes the servo motor lever 1714 (which may include a magnet in some exemplary embodiments) to telescope, which causes the second substrate 1706 coupled thereto via the latch 1710 to be correspondingly displaced. Movement may be facilitated by providing one or more sliders 1716 that roll forward or otherwise travel along small tracks 1718 disposed on one or both sides thereof.
如上述，該伺服馬達可為在框內的線性馬達，其 係協助控制第二基板1704的橫向移動。可編程微控制器以造成伺服馬達的運動，例如，基於當日時間及/或基於光檢測器的回饋或其類似者。總移動量在例如基於緯度傾角或其類似者的當日期間可約等於1公分。移動可緩慢地進行，例如，每10分鐘約0.01至0.1毫米以實現整天的移動，從而使得伺服馬達消耗少量的電力。該系統用第一內及第三外基板1702及1706保護是有利的。因此，可減少保護系統免受害於外力(例如，強風、冰雹等等)的需要。 As mentioned above, the servo motor can be a linear motor in the frame, The system assists in controlling the lateral movement of the second substrate 1704. The microcontroller is programmed to cause motion of the servo motor, for example, based on time of day and/or based on photodetector feedback or the like. The total amount of movement may be approximately equal to 1 centimeter during the day, for example based on a latitude inclination or the like. The movement can be performed slowly, for example, about 0.01 to 0.1 mm every 10 minutes to achieve the movement throughout the day, so that the servo motor consumes a small amount of power. It is advantageous for the system to be protected with the first inner and third outer substrates 1702 and 1706. Therefore, the need to protect the system from external forces (eg, strong winds, hail, etc.) can be reduced.
如上述，該天窗有利地變成自動調節型。在有些情形下，只有約15%的總最大照射量(其係對應至漫射光)傳遞至建築物內。直射太陽輻射被阻擋，藉此致能可變太陽能熱增益控制，例如，藉此在最適當的時候阻擋熱(例如，在充滿日光下)，接著這可產生加熱/冷卻的優點等等。 As described above, the sunroof advantageously becomes an automatic adjustment type. In some cases, only about 15% of the total maximum exposure (which corresponds to diffuse light) is transmitted to the building. Direct solar radiation is blocked, thereby enabling variable solar thermal gain control, for example, thereby blocking heat at the most appropriate time (e.g., under full sunlight), which in turn can produce heating/cooling advantages, and the like.
如上述，某些示範具體實施例可包含低鐵玻璃。在此根據標準做法，用Fe2O3表示總鐵量。不過，通常，並非鐵的形式全為Fe2O3。反而，鐵常以亞鐵狀態(Fe2+；在此以FeO表示，即使亞鐵狀態鐵在玻璃中的形式不完全是FeO)及正鐵狀態(Fe3+)存在。處於亞鐵狀態(Fe2+；FeO)的鐵為藍綠著色劑，而處於正鐵狀態(Fe3+)的鐵為黃綠著色劑。在尋求實現相當透明或有中性色的玻璃時，特別關注亞鐵(Fe2+；FeO)的藍綠著色劑，因為作為著色劑，它使得玻璃有顯著的顏色。儘管處於正鐵狀態(Fe3+)的鐵也是著色劑，然而在尋求實現有相當透明顏色的玻璃時，較少關注它，因為處於正鐵狀態的鐵傾向與它的亞鐵狀態對應體相比為 較弱的著色劑。 As mentioned above, certain exemplary embodiments may include low iron glass. Here, according to standard practice, the total amount of iron is represented by Fe 2 O 3 . However, usually, not all forms of iron are Fe 2 O 3 . Instead, iron is often present in the ferrous state (Fe 2+ ; here expressed as FeO, even though the ferrous state iron is not completely in the form of FeO in the glass) and the positive iron state (Fe 3+ ) is present. Iron in the ferrous state (Fe 2+ ; FeO) is a blue-green colorant, and iron in the positive iron state (Fe 3+ ) is a yellow-green colorant. In the search for a glass that is relatively transparent or neutral, special attention is paid to the ferrous (Fe 2+ ; FeO) blue-green colorant because, as a colorant, it gives the glass a significant color. Although iron in the positive iron state (Fe 3+ ) is also a color former, it is less of a concern when seeking to achieve a glass having a relatively transparent color because the iron in a positive iron state tends to correspond to its ferrous state. It is a weaker coloring agent.
在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，玻璃經製作成可高度透射可見光，有相當透明或中性的色彩，以及可一致地實現高%TS值。高%TS值特別合乎光伏打裝置應用系統的需要在於光入射側玻璃基板的高%TS值允許此類光伏打裝置由入射輻射產生更多電能，因為允許更多輻射到達裝置的半導體吸收膜。已發現，玻璃製程使用極高批次氧化還原數允許所得低鐵玻璃經由浮式法製成以一致地實現高可見光透射率、實質中性色及高總太陽能(%TS)值的合意組合。此外，在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，此技術允許在很少或不使用氧化鈰的情形下實現這些合意特徵。 In certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, the glass is made to be highly transmissive to visible light, has a relatively transparent or neutral color, and consistently achieves high % TS values. The high %TS value is particularly desirable for photovoltaic device applications where the high % TS value of the light incident side glass substrate allows such photovoltaic devices to generate more electrical energy from incident radiation, as more radiation is allowed to reach the semiconductor absorption film of the device. It has been found that the use of very high batch redox numbers in the glass process allows the resulting low iron glass to be made via a floating process to consistently achieve a desirable combination of high visible light transmission, substantially neutral color, and high total solar energy (%TS) values. Moreover, in certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, this technique allows for the achievement of these desirable features with little or no use of yttrium oxide.
在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，用浮式法製成有極高批次氧化還原數的鈉石灰基玻璃。根據本發明之某些示範具體實施例，可用來製作玻璃的示範批次氧化還原數約有+26至+40，約+27至+35更佳，以及約+28至+33最佳(應注意，這些為通常不用來製作玻璃的極高批次氧化還原數值)。在經由浮式法或其類似者來製作玻璃時，高批次氧化還原數值傾向減少或消除所得玻璃中的亞鐵(Fe2+；FeO)，從而允許玻璃有較高的%TS透射率而有利於光伏打應用系統。例如，優點在於，在某些示範實例中，它允許用有典型含鐵量(例如，約0.04至0.10%總鐵量)的原料製成高透射率、中性色、高%TS的玻璃。在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，該玻璃有不大於約0.1%的總鐵量(Fe2O3)，約0(或0.04)至0.1%為更佳，約0.01(或0.04)至0.08%也更 佳，以及約0.03(或0.04)至0.07%最佳。在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，所得玻璃可具有0至0.0050%的%FeO(亞鐵)，0至0.0040更佳，0至0.0030也更佳，0至0.0020也更佳，以及0至0.0010最佳，以及在某些示範實例中，可能有0.0005至0.0010。在某些示範具體實施例中，所得玻璃有不大於0.08的玻璃氧化還原數(與批次氧化還原數不同)，不大於0.06更佳，不大於0.04也更佳，以及不大於0.03或0.02也更佳。 In certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, a soda lime-based glass having a very high batch redox number is produced by a floating process. According to certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the exemplary batch redox number that can be used to make the glass is about +26 to +40, preferably about +27 to +35, and about +28 to +33. Note that these are very high batch redox values that are not normally used to make glass). When making glass via a float process or the like, high batch redox values tend to reduce or eliminate ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ; FeO) in the resulting glass, allowing the glass to have a higher %TS transmittance. Conducive to photovoltaic application system. For example, an advantage is that, in certain exemplary embodiments, it allows for the fabrication of high transmittance, neutral color, high % TS glass with a typical iron content (e.g., about 0.04 to 0.10% total iron). In certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, the glass has a total iron content (Fe 2 O 3 ) of no greater than about 0.1%, more preferably from about 0 (or 0.04) to 0.1%, and is about 0.01 (or 0.04). It is also more preferably up to 0.08%, and is preferably from about 0.03 (or 0.04) to 0.07%. In certain exemplary embodiments of the invention, the resulting glass may have from 0 to 0.0050% % FeO (ferrous iron), more preferably from 0 to 0.0040, more preferably from 0 to 0.0030, more preferably from 0 to 0.0020, and from zero. Best to 0.0010, and in some exemplary examples, there may be 0.0005 to 0.0010. In certain exemplary embodiments, the resulting glass has a glass redox number of no more than 0.08 (different from the batch redox number), preferably no more than 0.06, no more than 0.04, and no more than 0.03 or 0.02. Better.
在某些示範具體實施例中，除了高可見光透射率及高%TS以外，該玻璃基板可具有相當透明及稍微偏黃(正b*值表示偏黃色)的色彩。例如，在某些示範具體實施例中，該玻璃基板可以至少約90%的可見光透射率(至少約91%更佳)，至少約90%的總太陽能(%TS)值(至少約91%更佳)，-1.0至+1.0的透射a*色彩值(-0.5至+0.5更佳，-0.35至0也更佳)，以及-0.5至+1.5的透射b*色彩值(0至+1.0更佳，以及+0.2至+0.8最佳)為特徵。這些性質可用約4毫米的示範不具限定性的參考玻璃厚度實現。 In certain exemplary embodiments, the glass substrate can have a color that is relatively transparent and slightly yellowish (positive b* value indicates a yellowish color) in addition to high visible light transmittance and high % TS. For example, in certain exemplary embodiments, the glass substrate can have a visible light transmission (at least about 91% better) of at least about 90%, and a total solar energy (% TS) value of at least about 90% (at least about 91% more). Good), a transmission a* color value of -1.0 to +1.0 (-0.5 to +0.5 is better, -0.35 to 0 is also better), and a transmission b* color value of -0.5 to +1.5 (0 to +1.0 Good, and +0.2 to +0.8 best). These properties can be achieved with an exemplary non-limiting reference glass thickness of about 4 mm.
在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，提供一種製作包含下列各物之玻璃的方法：
在本發明的某些示範具體實施例中，提供一種玻璃，其係包含：
在本發明的其他示範具體實施例中，提供一種太陽能電池，其係包含：一玻璃基板；有設於其間之至少一光電膜的第一及第二傳導層；其中該玻璃基板為由下列各物組成的組合物：
如本文所使用的，用語“在...上”、“用...支撐”及其類似者不應被解釋成意指兩個元件直接相互毗鄰，除非另有明示。換言之，第一層可說是在第二層“上”或用第二層“支撐”，即使其間有一或更多層。 As used herein, the terms "on", "supported with" and the like should not be construed to mean that the two elements are directly contiguous to each other unless otherwise indicated. In other words, the first layer can be said to be "on" the second layer or "supported" with the second layer, even if there are one or more layers in between.
在某些示範具體實施例中，提供一種天窗。多個長形太陽能電池用一基板支撐。一透鏡陣列包含沿著一共軸定向之多個透鏡，其中該等透鏡各自經組配成可聚集光線於該等長形太陽能電池上，以及其中該透鏡陣列實質與該基板平行及與其隔開藉此在該透鏡陣列與該基板之間定義一間隙。該天窗組配置成允許一些入射於其上的漫射光穿經它以及造成直射光聚集於該等太陽能電池上。 In certain exemplary embodiments, a skylight is provided. A plurality of elongated solar cells are supported by a substrate. A lens array includes a plurality of lenses oriented along a common axis, wherein the lenses are each assembled to collect light onto the elongate solar cell, and wherein the lens array is substantially parallel to and spaced from the substrate This defines a gap between the lens array and the substrate. The skylight group is configured to allow some of the diffused light incident thereon to pass through it and cause direct light to concentrate on the solar cells.
除了前面段落的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，該天窗係可實質水平地置放在屋頂上。 In addition to the features of the preceding paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the sunroof can be placed substantially horizontally on the roof.
除了前面兩個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，該天窗可以一傾角定向，以及根據要安裝該天窗的緯度來選擇該傾角。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding two paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the sunroof can be oriented at an angle of inclination and the angle of inclination selected according to the latitude at which the skylight is to be installed.
除了前面3個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，該等太陽能電池可包含c-Si。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding three paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the solar cells may comprise c-Si.
除了前面4個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，該等太陽能電池可具有至少約2：1的縱橫比。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding four paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the solar cells can have an aspect ratio of at least about 2:1.
除了前面5個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，該等太陽能電池可具有至少約5：1的縱橫比。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding five paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the solar cells can have an aspect ratio of at least about 5:1.
除了前面6個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，可將一移動機構組配成可使支撐著該等太陽能電池之該基板對於該透鏡陣列移動。 In addition to the features of any of the previous six paragraphs, in some exemplary embodiments, a moving mechanism can be configured to move the substrate supporting the solar cells to the lens array.
除了前面段落的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，支撐著該等太陽能電池之該基板可具有約達20毫米的實質水平運動範圍。 In addition to the features of the preceding paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the substrate supporting the solar cells can have a substantially horizontal range of motion of up to about 20 millimeters.
除了前面8個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，可提供第一及第二邊緣密封件，其中每個邊緣密封件視需要包含第一及第二開口，基板及透鏡陣列之第一及第二邊緣係各別地***該等第一及第二開口。 In addition to the features of any of the previous eight paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, first and second edge seals may be provided, wherein each edge seal optionally includes first and second openings, the substrate And the first and second edges of the lens array are individually inserted into the first and second openings.
除了前面9個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，可提供一馬達，以及該第一及該第二邊緣密封件的該等第一開口隔開的距離可大於該基板的長度使得該基板在該馬達的控制下可沿著一軸線滑動。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding nine paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, a motor may be provided, and the first openings of the first and second edge seals may be spaced apart by a distance greater than The length of the substrate allows the substrate to slide along an axis under the control of the motor.
除了前面10個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，可將該天窗配置成能以約5至50度的緯度傾角安裝，約15至45度更佳。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding 10 paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the skylight can be configured to be mounted at a latitudinal angle of about 5 to 50 degrees, preferably about 15 to 45 degrees.
除了前面11個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，可提供一馬達及/或致動器用於控制支撐著該等太陽能電池之該基板的橫向移動。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding 11 paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, a motor and/or actuator may be provided for controlling lateral movement of the substrate supporting the solar cells.
在某些示範具體實施例中，提供一種製作建築整合型光伏打天窗的方法。一基板支撐多個隔開大體長形的太陽能電池。一透鏡陣列包含沿著一共軸定向之多個透鏡。該基板與該透鏡陣列相互連接使得該等透鏡各自經組配成可使入射於其上的光線向該等長形太陽能電池集中以及使得該透鏡陣列實質與該基板平行以及與其隔開。 In certain exemplary embodiments, a method of making a building integrated photovoltaic sunroof is provided. A substrate supports a plurality of solar cells separated by a substantially elongated shape. A lens array includes a plurality of lenses oriented along a common axis. The substrate and the lens array are interconnected such that the lenses are each configured to concentrate light incident thereon toward the elongate solar cells and to cause the lens array to be substantially parallel to and spaced from the substrate.
除了前一段落的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，該光伏打天窗可包含另一基板，該另一基板經裝設成在透鏡陣列對面之一表面上並與支撐著該等太陽能電池的基板相隔開。 In addition to the features of the preceding paragraph, in some exemplary embodiments, the photovoltaic skylight may include another substrate that is mounted on one surface opposite the lens array and supports the solar cells The substrates are separated.
除了前面兩個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，該等太陽能電池可包含c-Si。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding two paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the solar cells may comprise c-Si.
除了前面3個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，該等太陽能電池可具有至少約2：1的 縱橫比，至少約5：1更佳。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding three paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the solar cells may have a minimum of about 2:1 The aspect ratio is preferably at least about 5:1.
除了前面4個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，該天窗可以一緯度傾角安裝使得它偏向赤道。 In addition to the features of any of the previous four paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the sunroof can be mounted at a latitudinal angle such that it is biased toward the equator.
除了前面5個段落中之任一的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，可提供馬達及/或致動器用於橫向移動支撐著該等太陽能電池之該基板。 In addition to the features of any of the preceding five paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, a motor and/or actuator may be provided for laterally moving the substrate supporting the solar cells.
除了前面段落的特徵以外，在某些示範具體實施例中，支撐著該等太陽能電池之該基板可具有約達20毫米的橫向運動範圍。 In addition to the features of the preceding paragraphs, in certain exemplary embodiments, the substrate supporting the solar cells can have a lateral range of motion of up to about 20 mm.
儘管本發明已用目前視為最實用及較佳具體實施例來描述，然而應瞭解本發明不受限於所揭示的具體實施例，反而，旨在涵蓋包含在隨附申請專利範圍之精神及範疇內的各種修改及等效配置。 While the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments and the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is understood that the invention is not intended to Various modifications and equivalent configurations within the scope.
1‧‧‧透鏡陣列 1‧‧‧ lens array
3a-3d‧‧‧透鏡 3a-3d‧‧‧ lens
5a-5d‧‧‧條狀太陽能電池 5a-5d‧‧‧ strip solar cells
Claims (21)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US13/477,400 US9151879B2 (en) | 2010-04-26 | 2012-05-22 | Multi-functional photovoltaic skylight and/or methods of making the same |
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| TW201403846A true TW201403846A (en) | 2014-01-16 |
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| TW102117557A TW201403846A (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2013-05-17 | Multi-functional photovoltaic skylight and/or methods of making the same |
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| EP (1) | EP2852983A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW201403846A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013176911A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI688111B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-03-11 | 志寶富生物科技有限公司 | Solar window |
| CN111539055A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-14 | 武汉理工大学 | Multi-perception intelligent photovoltaic roof and design method and design system thereof |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101898593B1 (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-09-13 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Solar cell module |
| CN108123005A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-06-05 | 浙江潮城互联网科技有限公司 | Two-sided photovoltaic component system |
| CN111649271B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2023-06-20 | 喜洋阳(南京)科技发展有限公司 | Rayleigh scattering sunlight lamp |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8053662B2 (en) * | 2008-05-09 | 2011-11-08 | Kasra Khazeni | Solar energy collection devices |
| EP2319085A2 (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2011-05-11 | Solecta Ltd. | A method circuit device assembly and system for converting solar radiation into electric current |
| US20120222722A1 (en) * | 2009-10-21 | 2012-09-06 | Pythagoras Solar Inc. | Window |
| US8609455B2 (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2013-12-17 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Patterned glass cylindrical lens arrays for concentrated photovoltaic systems, and/or methods of making the same |
| US9423533B2 (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2016-08-23 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Patterned glass cylindrical lens arrays for concentrated photovoltaic systems, and/or methods of making the same |
| US20120037204A1 (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-16 | Tien-Hsiang Sun | Solar system and solar tracking method for solar system |
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2013
- 2013-05-13 WO PCT/US2013/040695 patent/WO2013176911A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-05-13 EP EP13726630.0A patent/EP2852983A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI688111B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-03-11 | 志寶富生物科技有限公司 | Solar window |
| CN111539055A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-14 | 武汉理工大学 | Multi-perception intelligent photovoltaic roof and design method and design system thereof |
| CN111539055B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2024-04-12 | 武汉理工大学 | Multi-perception intelligent photovoltaic roof, design method and design system thereof |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| EP2852983A1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| WO2013176911A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
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