201214820 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明描述一種OLED裝置及一種製造此一OLED裝置之 方法。 【先前技術】 一有機發光二極體（OLED)裝置係藉由構造一系列層而 製造’該系列層通常包括炎置在一陽極與一陰極之間的一 作用層或有機層。該有機或功能層（其實際上可包括若干 層）通常統稱為「作用層」，因為當一電流從該陽極流向陰 極時恰恰是在此作用層中產生光。對於使用於平坦型顯示 器或照明裝置中的OLED，一般從該裝置之相同側（例如從 發光側）接達陽極及陰極。因此，一第一階段包括在一載 體（諸如玻璃）上建立一導電塗層之電分離圖案。可藉由使 用消減方法，如光子微影、雷射燒蝕等等而建立所需圖案 (包括陽極接觸區域及陰極接觸區域兩者），其中該導電塗 層之部分在某些區域中被移^在下__階段中，該等功= 或作用層-通常包括小分子有機材料一係藉由在真空中孰 蒸鑛而沈積。在有機及陰極沈積程序完成後，囊封該裝置 =保護該有機層使其免受水分影響。此囊封可以多種方式 實行。例如，可使用具有低滲水性品 ^ 敕川生的膠而將-玻璃罩蓋塗 敷至„亥裝置。在另一方法中， — 塗敷之-適宜膜塗佈該裝置之外表二==所 極及陽極，此等兩者必須延伸超過密封線 2 域（通常在該裝置之不同側上）e W、接觸區 153405.doc 201214820 在一頂部發射OLED中，「外部」電極（通常為陰極）係透 明的，以容許光通過。然而’因為該陰極應為透明的，故 僅可使用一極薄金屬層，但即使一薄層亦將減損整體透明 度°或者’對於該外部電極可使用具有更好光學性質的一 透明導電氧化物（TCO)。不幸地，因為此一 TCO之導電率 較低，故跨此層具有一較大電壓降，此導致不均勻之光發 射。由於在該裝置之外部邊緣處之接觸區域與在中央處之 接觸區域之間的電壓降，此一0LED可展現較暗區域，在 中央處尤為如此。顯然，一0LED之一較大表面積將與一 對應較大電壓降及一對應「較暗」中央區域相關聯。此令 人不滿之性質限制此一裝置之最大尺寸。可達成之最大可 實行之OLED裝置面積限制於約5 cinx5 cm。 因此本發明之一目的係提供避免上文描述之問題之一經 改良OLED裝置。 【發明内容】 此目的係由技術方案k〇LED裝置及由技術方案1〇之製 造一 0LED裝置之方法達成。 根據本發明，該〇LED裝置包括：一載體、塗敷至該載 體上的一第一電極、塗敷至該第一電極上的一作用層及塗 敷至D亥作用層上的一第二電極。該裝置進一步包括 導電率增大構件，其用^在該QLED裝置之操作期間使 電位基本上均句地分佈於該第二電極之區域上該導電 率增大構件包括在該第二電極之一外表面上的至少一導電 叫卩m j_該導電率增大構件係經配置以從該第二電 153405.doc 201214820 極向外凸出。在此，在該第二電極之背景内容中之術語 「外表面」用於指有效地在該〇LED裝置之「外側」上的 該第二電極之面，即使在一隨後製造步驟中此第二電極可 繼而由一囊封層或「罩蓋」覆蓋。 根據本發明之該〇LED裝置之一明顯優點為該導電率增 大構件可增加該第二電極之整體表面導電率。因為在該第 二電極之一外部邊緣與—内部區域或中央區域之間的電壓 降因此有利地減小，該0LED裝置之光輸出有利地係均勻 的。將導電線印刷至該第二電極上的優點在於可以一快速 且簡單的方式達成非常窄的線。可使用已確定的印刷技 術，諸如喷墨印刷或網版印刷，以印刷或施配微滴以提供 一個或多個導電材料線》可使用發展中的技術，諸如奈米 油墨印刷，以施配甚至更小的導電材料滴，使得在該第二 電極上可印刷基本上不可見的窄線結構。 此外，藉由使用此一導電率增大構件以確保該等第一電 極與第二電極之間通過該作用層的一均勻電流分佈，根據 本發明之該〇LED裝置可具有—發射面積，其遠遠大於使 用先前技術中的製造技術而可達成的發射面積。具有均勻 光品質之此一較大OLED裝置可使用於先前技術之〇LED裝 置不適宜的多種應用中。 製造一 OLED裝置之方法包括以下步驟：塗敷一第一電 極至一載體，塗敷一作用層至該第一電極上，及塗敷一第 二電極至該作用層上。隨後，該方法包括：藉由在該第二 電極之該外表面上印刷至少—導電材料線而增大該第二電 153405.doc • 6 - 201214820 極之導電率，以在該0LED裝置之操作期間使—電位基本 上均勻地分佈於該第二電極之區域上，該印刷線係經實現 為從該第二電極向外凸出。 附屬技術方案及隨後的描述揭示本發明尤其有利的實施 例及特徵。 在下文中，為簡單起見’但不以任何方式限制本發明， 可假定該「第-電極」（塗敷至該載體)為陽極，且可假定 »亥第一電極」為陰極。顯然，在一頂部發射〇LED中， 替代配置(其中頂層係陽極)同樣可行。另夕卜，雖然在下文 中參考具有—導電率增大構件之-單-OLED裝置，- OLED裝置可實際上包括以—適宜方式（例如藉由平鋪）配 置之若干㈣的此類〇LED裝置，以提供—較大的整體發 射面積。 在已沈積該0LED裝置之基本層之後，可使用任意適宜 科技或技術而將該導電率增大構件印刷至該第二電極。例 如，可使用標準印刷科技(諸如嘴墨印刷、網版印刷或施 配）而將一線印刷至該陰極上。 因為在該OLED裝置之操作期間該導電率增大構件較佳 地對肉眼係基本上不可見的，因此該導電率增大構件之一 印刷線較佳地具有至多5()㈣的—寬度，更㈣為至㈣ μπι ’最佳地為至多1〇 μηι。 、式沈積《線之導電率不僅係直接有關於材料之 電性f，且亦有關於該線之實體尺寸，即，其高度及寬 度。顯然’-寬而厚的線將非常有利地導電，但在光學上 I53405.doc 201214820 可能令人不滿意〇 一非赍 g常溥、平坦之線可為實質上不可見 的，但將較不導電。因此， 一 為k传亦具有一有利之高導電 薄線纟本發明之—較佳實施例巾，該導電率增大 構件宜從該第二電極向外延伸達Μ、1μ_高度，其中以 達至少3㈣更佳，達至少5 _最佳。 ;然而’所使用之導電材料的性質(諸如其黏性)可能不容 許在S #呈序步驟中印刷此一「高」線。因此，在本發 明之特A車交佳之實施例中，該導電率增大構件宜包括在 該第二電極之該外表面上之―第―印刷線，及以一「堆 疊」之形式疊印於該第一線上之至少另一印刷線。以此方 式，可連續地印刷有利的窄疊合線（c〇ngruent Une)，使得 達成一最小寬度及一有利高度。一「堆疊」則有效地為基 本上垂直於該第二電極之該外表面而配置之一導電帶或 條。一印刷線堆疊以包括至少3個疊合印刷線較佳，以包 括至少5個疊合印刷線更佳，且以包括至少丨〇個疊合印刷 線最佳。藉由以此方式沈積疊合線，可改良高度與寬度之 間的縱橫比，即’可建立基本上不可見但具有高導電率之 窄而高的線。在本發明之一特定較佳之實施例中，該導電 率增大構件之一印刷線或堆疊之高度：寬度縱橫比包括至 少1:10 ’其中以至少1:5更佳，以至少1:3最佳。當然，隨 著印刷技術的發展，可達成更窄線的更好縱橫比。此高 度：寬度縱橫比可應用於一單步驟程序中印刷的線，或應 用於疊合印刷線之一堆疊。可使用印刷線及堆疊之一組 合。例如，對於越過該陰極之一中央區域的線，利用多個 153405.doc 201214820 疊合印刷線及一對應之較大高度：寬度縱橫比來實現一堆 疊可旎是較佳的。對於（例如）定位於遠離該陰極之中央的 線，具有對應之較低高度：寬度縱橫比之一單一印刷線可 能足夠。 ’ 對於根據本發明之0LED裝置，可印刷該導電率增大構 件之線使得該等線不延伸至外部邊綠，且因此不延伸至該 f二電極之接觸墊。即使如此，在該裝置之操作期間橫向 流過該第二電極的電流可部分地由此等印刷線傳送，使得 該第二電極之整體導電率有利地提高'然π，在本發明之 -較佳實施射，該等線經印刷使得其等與圍繞該裝置之 -個或多個外部邊緣而配置之該第二電極的接觸墊電接 觸。以此方式’該第二電極之該導電率經最佳地改良。 顯然，跨該陰極之導電率將藉由印刷複數個導電線至該 第二電極上而改良。在一簡單實現中，一印刷線或堆疊可 簡單地從一陰極接觸塾延伸至另一陰極接觸塾。該等接觸 塾可取決於裝置實現而定位於OLED之相同側上、鄰近.側 上或相對側上。例如，可將複數個平行線印刷於該陰極 上’以連接相對側上的諸對接觸墊。然而’在样明之一 ，定較佳之實施例中，該導電率增大構件包括印^線及/ ’堆疊之-配置’其中一印刷線或堆疊之厚度及相鄰印刷 線及/或维疊之間之距離係根據其等在該第二電極上的放 ^選擇。例如’在電位最高的該第二電極之一外部區域 中可印刷較薄及/或較窄的線。可在該第二電極之一内部 區域中印刷更厚及/或更高之堆疊，以補償由該第二電極 I53405.doc -9- 201214820 之較差導電率所引起之電位下降。以此方式，可最佳化跨 OLED表面之電流分佈。 該導電率增大構件之線或堆疊可以一隨機方式印刷，或 遵猶任意適宜圖案。然而在本發明之一較佳實施例中，該 導電率增大構件較佳地包括印刷線及/或堆疊之一規則柵 格配置及/或一同心配置，較佳地使得此等印刷線及/或堆 疊之較大部分係定位於該陰極之中央區域或接近該陰極之 中央區域。 可使用任意適宜材料以實現該導電率增大構件。例如， 可使用一導電液體’諸如一導電油墨或膠。可使用導電且 自身有利地適合於一印刷程序（尤其以達成極窄印刷線所 期望之較小量）的任意有效材料。在本發明之一進一步較 佳之實施例中，該導電率增大構件之材料包括導電銀膏。 此材料具有一有利的導電率、適於以小量印刷，且具有滿 足噴墨印刷及網版印刷之需求的一有利黏性。 因為以上文描述之方法實現之該導電率增大構件之印刷 線非常窄，且因此對於肉眼實質上係不可見的，故根據本 發明之該〇LED裝置特定地適於作為一透明〇led而使用， 其中該載體以及第一電極及第二電極係透明的。因此，在 本發明之一進一步較佳之實施例中，該第二電極包括一基 本上透明層，使得在該〇LED之該作用層中產生之所有光 實際上亦透過該第二電極層而發射。 在本發明之另一較佳實施例中，該包括電連接至 該第-電極的許多金屬分流，線，用於增大該第—電極之導 153405.doc 201214820 . 電率。此等分流線可以任意適宜方式 i且万式（例如以一光子微影 程序）塗敷於先前沈積之第一電極 壤 次者，為避免由此 ·#凸起分流線引起之不平坦表面，其等 丹寻』在塗敷該第一電 極之前在一壓製步驟中嵌入於該載體中。 ，可使用普通材料製造該0LED裝置，其等對熟習此項技 術者將係已知的。較佳地，根據本發明之該〇led裝置係 使用基本上透明的材料建構。例如，該載體可包括一透明 玻璃基板；該第-.電極可用作陽極且可由_透明導電氧化 物製成，諸如摻雜鋁之氧化鋅（Zn0)或摻雜錫之氧化銦 (ITO)或一高度可延展之透明導電聚合物，諸如聚（3,4_伸 乙基二氧噻吩）聚（苯乙烯磺酸）PEDOT:pss。該作用層可包 括出於/、專之發光性質而選擇的一個或多個有機半導體材 料。該第二電極可用作陰極且可例如藉由使用一透明材料 (諸如薄銀、薄鋁或一透明導電氧化物，諸如IT0)而實現 為基本上透明。為密封該等OLED層並且保護其等免受水 分影響，接著可將一透明罩蓋塗敷於該第二電極上，以囊 封整個OLED。此一透明0LED可有利地使用於當該透明 OLED係處於非作用中或「關閉」時期望一透明區域的應 用中’且當該透明〇LEDs處於作用中或「開啟」時照亮 該透明區域，例如在白天為透明’而在晚上可作為光源使 用的窗。因為該導電率增大構件容許電流均勻分佈在整個 第二電極上’可容易地獲得具有超過3〇 cmx30 cm之發射 面積的裝置尺寸’使得根據本發明之該OLED對於需要比 先前技術OLED可實現之更大發射面積的許多應用係非常 153405.doc 201214820 具吸引力的》 上文所提類型之用於印刷或施配的一導電油墨或金屬 「膏」包括較小粒子或金屬小球，其等通常係囊封於聚合 物外殼中及懸浮於適宜溶劑中。為改良該第一印刷線與: 第二電極之間之接觸’因此根據本發明之 使-印刷線退火之-步驟。在退火期間，以高：有效: —「烘烤」該金屬膏’使得囊封在某種程度上炫化或溶解， 容許任意溶劑蒸發且引起該等金屬小球結合至—起而形成 -導電「網此改良該第一印刷線與一隨後疊合印刷線 之間的接觸，使得該導電率增大構件之功能增強—也就是 改良該第二電極之導電率。—成功退火程序所需要之溫度 取決於所使用之金屬膏。然而，一較高溫度對於該作用層 的功能性可為有害的。一退火步驟通常在一烤爐中實行， 其中該整個OLED裝置係暴露於此等溫度中。當使用銀奈 米油墨或銀金屬前軀體油墨時，13(rc或甚至9〇e>c的一有 利較低溫度可為足夠的。在9〇。〇與13〇。(：之間對〇led進行 熱處理達紐暫時期係可行的，而不影響裝置效能。 為谷許在較尚溫度下成功退火而不損害該裝置（例 如，當使用一不同金屬膏時），在本發明之一進一步較佳 實施例中，使一印刷線退火之步驟包括能量在該印刷線之 材料中的一局部沈積，使得僅該印刷線經有效地加熱且 該OLED之剩餘部分並不直接暴露於熱。可使用任意適宜 之熱旎量源，例如一 UV或IR光源。然而在本發明之一較 佳實施例中，該退火步驟包括將一雷射光束引導至該印刷 153405.doc -12- 201214820 線，以基本上僅加熱該印刷線之材料。雷射參數可經選擇 使得雷射光此罝基本上僅在該印刷線中被吸收，且在該第 二電極或甚至該作用層之本財未被吸收。以此方式，熱 暴露係限制於該金屬線本身之緊鄰區域。 對於一疊合印刷線堆疊，可達成個別隨後印刷之疊合線 之間的—充分電㈣，而對於此等φ合線不需要一額外退 μι ®此’在本發明n步較佳實施例中，僅使 一第一印刷線在一退火步財退火，且一個或多俯遺後之 導電材料疊合線係簡單地印刷於經退火第一線上，以提供 一導電堆疊。 若並不意欲實行一退火步驟，則可藉由對於至少該第一 印刷線使用一對應較大線寬度而補償減小之導電率。 【實施方式】 從連同附圖而考慮之下文詳細的描述中，本發明之其他 目的及特徵將變得顯而易見。然而應理解，該等圖式係單 純出於圖解說明之目的而設計’且並不作為定義本發明之 限制。 在諸圖中，貫穿全文相同數字指相同物件。諸圖之元件 並不必按比例繪製，尤其0LED裝置層厚度及導電率增大 構件的印刷線不必按比例繪製。 圖1展示一先前技術OLED裝置的簡單呈現。基本上，此 一裝置包括一載體10,其可為玻璃、塑膠或任意其他適宜 材料且宜為透明材料，在該載體10上塗敷一第一電極層 11，例如一透明導電氧化物（TC0)’諸如氧化鋅、氧化銦 153405.doc -13- 201214820 錫等等。包括任意適宜有機發光材料之一作用層12係塗敷 於該第一電極層11上》最後，一第二電極13係塗敷於該作 用層12上。可使用遮罩、氣相沈積等等已知技術來塗敷該 等層11、12、13。對於一透明0LED，該第二電極13必須 亦為一透明導體，且用於跨該等電極而施加一電壓的電接 觸件11a、13a必須係配置於發射區域外側。然而，可用之 透明材料一般僅為較差的導體。結果，（藉由該等接觸區 域11a、13a)跨該等電極n、13施加之一電壓導致電位跨該 第二電極分佈不均，如該圖之上半部中所指示。在最接近 接觸點11a、13a之一外部區域41中，電位係最高。然而， 由於該第二電極材料之較差導電率及相關聯之電壓降，在 一中間區域42中電位為較低，且在一内部區域43中電位為 最低。此導致中間區域及内部區域中對應之較低亮度位 準，該等中間區域及内部區域有效地呈現為較暗。因此， 貫際上，此等裝置並不適於期望或需要一均勻發射區域的 裝飾照明應用。在此展示之不同電位之該等區域4丨、42、 43僅為例示性。對於具有圍繞該裝置之邊緣之一不同配置 之接觸區域的〇LED，電流分佈且因此電位分佈亦當然是 不同的》 圖2展示根據本發明之一實施例之一 〇LEd裝置1之一剖 視圖在此’该〇LED 1係以與圖1中描述之該先前技術 OLED 4基本上相同的方式建構，其具有一載體1〇、第一 電極11作用層12及第二電極13。一額外分流線14係指示 在°亥第一電極11上。然而，製造中之下一步驟確保電位在 I53405.doc 201214820 -電極13上之-均句分佈，且因此亦確保—均句光輸 在塗敷《亥第—電極13後，其導電率係藉由一導電率增 冓牛2 “大豸導電率增大構件2包括印刷於該第二電極 3上m多個導電材料線。此圖僅展示該OLED】之 小？域的橫戴面’其展示該導電率增大構件2向外凸出 $遠離該第二電極13而凸出，且相較於該◦咖之剩餘部 分其係一薄的、視覺上不突出的結構。 13展丁導電率增大構件2之多種可行實現的四個橫截面 A、B、C及D(在每-實現中之諸線的高度及寬度並不按比 ::製)。一導電率增大構件2之第-實施例⑷包括兩個 導電油墨印刷線2〇、21。在此，第二印刷線21之材料已擴 散而覆蓋第-印刷線20,使得其基本上與該第一印刷線2〇 寬度相同。下-實現（B)展示—第_印刷線2q，在其上印 刷連續線21’以達成基本上垂直於該第二電極之外表面而 -己置之相對「南」或「高大」的導電帶Μ或堆疊一 ^實現（C)展示-類似構造，其中該等連續印刷線㈣ 窄’此提供—有利的高度：寬度縱橫比。該導電率增大構 件2之每-帶23基本上係至少兩個疊合印刷線π、"之一 堆疊23。在此等三個實現之各者中，該第一印刷線2〇可在 一熱退火程序中退火，以改良該印刷線2〇的導電率。在每 一情況中，該堆疊23之整體高度係由額外印刷線Μ的數目 支配》在右邊的最後一個實現(D)展示一導電率增大構件 2’其包括在一單一步驟中塗敷之呈一窄帶或窄帶狀物η 之形式的印刷線。再次，此窄帶22亦可經退火。 153405.doc 15, 201214820 圖4展示印刷於一 OLED 1之該第二電極π上的一導電率 增大構件2之許多可行實施例（〗、Π及ΠΙ)之平面圖。該導 電率增大構件2之印刷線可應用於例如圖3中描述之該等實 現之任思者中。在該圖之上半部中，一第一實施例⑴展示 呈印刷線柵格之形式的一導電率增大構件2，該等印刷線 之一些在該第二電極13之接觸區域13a之間延伸，且其中 該等印刷線基本上以直角交又。該等線可經印刷使得線密 度在該第二電極13之一中央區域44中比在外部區域中更 大。在一第一實施例（Π)中，該等線係印刷為不規則或波 狀的線’此外經配置以在該第二電極13之中央區域44中提 供一較高密度，並且連接該等接觸區域13a。在一第三實 施例（III)中’線係以許多同心圓之方式印刷。在此等實例 中，該第二電極13之該等接觸區域13a係展示為在該裝置【 之鄰近側上，但取決於裝置構造，亦同樣可在相同側或相 對側上。當然，此等僅為例示性實施例，且某種程度上取 決於用於印刷導電材料之裝置的容量，該第二電極之外側 上的印刷線配置可遵循任意適宜圖案。 圖5展示根據本發明之一透明〇LED裝置丨、在該裝置丄操 作期間的一橫截面。以普通方式跨該等第一及第二電極 11、13而施加一電壓，以引起該作用層12發射光l，如由 主動層之任一側上離開該裝置的寬箭頭所指示。在此，僅 示意性地指示電壓供應器3。通常，如熟習此項技術者已 知，該電壓係沿著該裝置丨之外部邊緣而施加於若干接觸 區域。該導電率增大構#2亦在若干點處經連接至橫向接 153405.doc -16· 201214820 觸區域（如圖4中描述）’但為清晰起見，此並不展示於該圖 中。圖中指示該第一電極11之分流線14。如圖所證實，由 該OLED 1在操作期間發射之光L基本上不受該第二電極13 上之该導電率增大構件2之印刷線之寬度的影響。當該裝 置關閉時，因為該導電率增大構件2之該等印刷線顯著過 小而無法引人注意’該透明OLED係基本上透明的。 圖6緣示建構一導電率增大構件中的印刷及退火步驟。 從該圖之左邊開始，一滴導電銀膏5〇係從一適宜施料器 5 (例如奈米油墨的一印刷頭）落下。在印刷時，該施料器$ 可相對於該第二電極13移動（或反之亦然），以跨該第二電 極之整個寬度或取決於待塗敷之圖案在適當時僅在某一長 度上提供一第一印刷線20。接著雷射光之一光束6係經引 導於該第一印刷線20，以將熱能量局部沈積至導電膏中， 且改良導電率。一旦該第一印刷線2〇經退火且冷卻，可將 該印刷頭5重定位’以將另一系列之滴5〇施配於該第一印 刷線20上’其中該等滴50可擴散以提供與該第一印刷線2〇 基本上相同寬度的一疊合印刷線2 1 ^以此方式，可將一個 或夕個進一步線21疊合地印刷於該第一線20上，以提供從 該第二電極13向外凸出的一導電材料堆疊23或帶23。 雖然已在圖式及前述描述中詳細繪示及描述本發明，但 疋應將此等圖解及描述視為例證性或例示性的，且並非限 制性；本發明並不限制於所揭示之實施例。熟習此項技術 者從該等圖式、揭示内容及隨附申請專利範圍之研究中可 理解及實現對該等所揭示之實施例之其他變動。為清晰起 153405.doc •17· 201214820 見’應理解，貫穿本申請案所使用之「一（「a」或 an」）」並不排除複數個，且「包括」並不排除其他步 驟或元件。某些措施敘述在相互不同的附屬請求項中，但 就僅此事實’並不表示此等措施之組合不能利用以更具有 優越性。不應將巾請專利範圍巾之任意參考符號解釋為限 制該範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1展示—先前技術之OLED裝置之一平面圖及—橫截 面， 圖2展示根據本發明之一實施例之一 〇LED裝置之一剖 圖； 。 圖3展不根據本發明之一導電率增大構件之多種實 橫截面； 圖4展示根據本發明之多種實施例之在一 〇lED之—第二 電極上的導電率增大構件之正視圖； 圖5展不根據本發明之一 〇LED裝置的在該裝置操作 之一橫截面；及 圖6不意性繪示建構根據本發明之一 OLED的一導電率增 大構件的印刷及退火步驟。 曰 【主要元件符號說明】 1 有機發光二極體裝置 2 導電率增大構件 3 電壓供應器 4 先前技術有機發光二極體裝置 153405.doc -18- 201214820 5 施料器 6 雷射光束 10 載體 11 第一電極層/第·一電極 11a 接觸區域/電接觸件/接觸點 12 作用層 13 第二電極 13a 接觸區域/電接觸件/接觸點 14 分流線 20 導電材料印刷線 21 導電材料印刷線 22 導電材料印刷線/窄帶 23 導電帶/導電堆疊 41 外部區域 42 中間區域 43 内部區域 44 中央區域 50 導電銀膏 L 有機發光二極體裝置發射之光 153405.doc -19-201214820 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention describes an OLED device and a method of manufacturing the same. [Prior Art] An organic light emitting diode (OLED) device is fabricated by constructing a series of layers. The series of layers typically includes an active or organic layer disposed between an anode and a cathode. The organic or functional layer (which may actually comprise several layers) is commonly referred to collectively as the "active layer" because light is generated in this active layer when a current flows from the anode to the cathode. For OLEDs used in flat displays or illumination devices, the anode and cathode are typically accessed from the same side of the device (e.g., from the light emitting side). Thus, a first stage involves establishing an electrically separate pattern of a conductive coating on a carrier such as glass. The desired pattern (including both the anode contact region and the cathode contact region) can be established by using subtractive methods such as photon lithography, laser ablation, etc., wherein portions of the conductive coating are removed in certain regions ^ In the next __ stage, the work = or the active layer - usually comprising a small molecule of organic material deposited by steaming in a vacuum. After the organic and cathodic deposition procedures are completed, the device is encapsulated = the organic layer is protected from moisture. This encapsulation can be carried out in a variety of ways. For example, a glass cover can be applied to the "black device" using a glue having a low water permeability product. In another method, - a suitable film is applied to the device outside the device. Both the pole and the anode, both of which must extend beyond the seal line 2 (usually on different sides of the device) e W, contact zone 153405.doc 201214820 In a top-emitting OLED, the "external" electrode (usually the cathode ) is transparent to allow light to pass. However, 'because the cathode should be transparent, only one thin metal layer can be used, but even a thin layer will detract from the overall transparency ° or 'a transparent conductive oxide with better optical properties can be used for the external electrode. (TCO). Unfortunately, because of the lower conductivity of this TCO, there is a large voltage drop across this layer, which results in uneven light emission. Due to the voltage drop between the contact area at the outer edge of the device and the contact area at the center, this OLED can exhibit a darker region, especially at the center. Obviously, a larger surface area of one of the 0 LEDs will be associated with a corresponding larger voltage drop and a corresponding "darker" central region. This dissatisfied nature limits the maximum size of this device. The maximum achievable OLED device area is limited to approximately 5 cinx5 cm. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved OLED device that avoids one of the problems described above. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This object is achieved by a technical solution, a method of fabricating an LED device, and a method of fabricating an LED device. According to the present invention, the xenon LED device comprises: a carrier, a first electrode applied to the carrier, an active layer applied to the first electrode, and a second applied to the D-action layer electrode. The apparatus further includes an electrical conductivity increasing member for distributing a potential substantially uniformly over a region of the second electrode during operation of the QLED device, the conductivity increasing member being included in one of the second electrodes At least one electrically conductive member on the outer surface is called 卩m j_ the conductivity increasing member is configured to protrude outward from the second electric 153405.doc 201214820 pole. Here, the term "outer surface" in the context of the second electrode is used to mean the surface of the second electrode that is effectively on the "outside" of the 〇LED device, even in a subsequent manufacturing step. The two electrodes can then be covered by an encapsulation layer or "cover". A significant advantage of one of the tantalum LED devices in accordance with the present invention is that the conductivity increasing member increases the overall surface conductivity of the second electrode. Since the voltage drop between the outer edge of one of the second electrodes and the inner or central region is thus advantageously reduced, the light output of the OLED device is advantageously uniform. The advantage of printing the conductive lines onto the second electrode is that a very narrow line can be achieved in a quick and simple manner. A defined printing technique, such as inkjet printing or screen printing, can be used to print or dispense droplets to provide one or more conductive material lines. Evolving techniques, such as nano ink printing, can be used to dispense Even smaller droplets of conductive material allow a substantially invisible narrow line structure to be printed on the second electrode. Furthermore, by using such a conductivity increasing member to ensure a uniform current distribution between the first electrode and the second electrode through the active layer, the germanium LED device according to the present invention may have an emission area, It is much larger than the emission area achievable using the manufacturing techniques of the prior art. This larger OLED device with uniform light quality can be used in a variety of applications where prior art 〇 LED devices are not suitable. The method of fabricating an OLED device includes the steps of applying a first electrode to a carrier, applying an active layer to the first electrode, and applying a second electrode to the active layer. Subsequently, the method includes: increasing the conductivity of the second electrical 153405.doc • 6 - 201214820 by printing at least the conductive material line on the outer surface of the second electrode to operate at the OLED device During the period, the potential is substantially uniformly distributed over the area of the second electrode, and the printed line is realized to protrude outward from the second electrode. The accompanying technical solutions and the following description disclose particularly advantageous embodiments and features of the invention. Hereinafter, for the sake of simplicity', but without limiting the invention in any way, it can be assumed that the "first electrode" (applied to the carrier) is an anode, and it can be assumed that the "first electrode" is a cathode. Obviously, in a top-emitting 〇LED, an alternative configuration (where the top layer is the anode) is equally feasible. In addition, although reference is made hereinafter to a single-OLED device having a conductivity-increasing component, the OLED device may actually comprise a plurality of (four) such germanium LED devices configured in a suitable manner (eg, by tiling). To provide - a larger overall emission area. After the base layer of the OLED device has been deposited, the conductivity increasing member can be printed to the second electrode using any suitable technique or technique. For example, a line can be printed onto the cathode using standard printing techniques such as ink jet printing, screen printing or dispensing. Since the conductivity increasing member is preferably substantially invisible to the naked eye during operation of the OLED device, the printed line of one of the conductivity increasing members preferably has a width of at most 5 () (four). More (four) is to (four) μπι 'best at most 1〇μηι. The deposition of the wire is not only directly related to the electrical properties of the material, but also the physical dimensions of the wire, ie its height and width. Obviously '-a wide and thick line will be very beneficially conductive, but optically I53405.doc 201214820 may be unsatisfactory. A flat line may be substantially invisible, but will be less Conductive. Therefore, a k-transmission also has a favorable high-conductivity thin wire. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conductivity-increasing member preferably extends outward from the second electrode to a height of 1 μm, wherein At least 3 (four) is better, at least 5 _ best. However, the nature of the conductive material used (such as its viscosity) may not allow the printing of this "high" line in the S # ordering step. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the conductivity increasing member preferably includes a "first" printed line on the outer surface of the second electrode, and is overprinted in a "stacked" form. At least another printed line on the first line. In this way, a favorable narrow stacking line (c〇ngruent Une) can be continuously printed so as to achieve a minimum width and a favorable height. A "stack" effectively configures one of the conductive strips or strips substantially perpendicular to the outer surface of the second electrode. Preferably, a plurality of printed lines are stacked to include at least three stacked printed lines, preferably at least five stacked printed lines, and preferably at least one of the stacked printed lines. By depositing the laminate lines in this manner, the aspect ratio between height and width can be improved, i.e., a narrow and high line which is substantially invisible but has high conductivity can be established. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the height of the printed line or stack of one of the conductivity increasing members comprises a width aspect ratio comprising at least 1:10 ', preferably at least 1:5, at least 1:3 optimal. Of course, with the development of printing technology, a better aspect ratio of narrower lines can be achieved. This height: the width aspect ratio can be applied to a line printed in a single-step procedure, or to a stack of stacked printed lines. A combination of printed lines and stacks can be used. For example, for a line that passes over a central region of the cathode, it is preferred to utilize a plurality of 153405.doc 201214820 laminated printed lines and a corresponding larger height:width aspect ratio to achieve a stack of stacks. For a line positioned, for example, away from the center of the cathode, there may be a corresponding lower height: one of the width aspect ratios of a single printed line may be sufficient. For the OLED device according to the present invention, the line of the conductivity increasing member can be printed such that the lines do not extend to the outer side green, and thus do not extend to the contact pads of the f-electrode. Even so, the current flowing laterally through the second electrode during operation of the device may be partially transferred by such a printed line such that the overall conductivity of the second electrode advantageously increases '然π, in the present invention - Preferably, the lines are printed such that they are in electrical contact with the contact pads of the second electrode disposed around the one or more outer edges of the device. In this way, the conductivity of the second electrode is optimally improved. Obviously, the conductivity across the cathode will be improved by printing a plurality of conductive lines onto the second electrode. In a simple implementation, a printed line or stack can simply extend from one cathode contact to the other. The contacts may be positioned on the same side of the OLED, adjacent to the side or on the opposite side depending on device implementation. For example, a plurality of parallel lines can be printed on the cathode to connect pairs of contact pads on opposite sides. However, in one of the preferred embodiments, the conductivity increasing member includes a printed wire and/or a stacked-configured thickness of one of the printed lines or stacks and adjacent printed lines and/or stacks. The distance between them is selected according to their placement on the second electrode. For example, a thinner and/or narrower line can be printed in the outer region of one of the second electrodes having the highest potential. A thicker and/or higher stack can be printed in the inner region of one of the second electrodes to compensate for the potential drop caused by the poor conductivity of the second electrode I53405.doc -9-201214820. In this way, the current distribution across the OLED surface can be optimized. The lines or stacks of the conductivity increasing members can be printed in a random manner or in any suitable pattern. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the conductivity increasing member preferably comprises a printed grid and/or a stacked regular grid arrangement and/or a concentric arrangement, preferably such printed lines and / or a larger portion of the stack is positioned in the central region of the cathode or near the central region of the cathode. Any suitable material may be used to achieve the conductivity increasing member. For example, a conductive liquid such as a conductive ink or glue can be used. Any effective material that is electrically conductive and that is itself advantageously suitable for a printing process, especially to achieve the smaller amount desired for very narrow print lines, can be used. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the material of the conductivity increasing member comprises a conductive silver paste. This material has an advantageous electrical conductivity, is suitable for printing in small quantities, and has an advantageous viscosity that satisfies the needs of ink jet printing and screen printing. Since the printed line of the conductivity increasing member achieved by the method described above is very narrow and thus substantially invisible to the naked eye, the 〇LED device according to the present invention is specifically adapted to be a transparent 〇led In use, wherein the carrier and the first electrode and the second electrode are transparent. Therefore, in a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second electrode includes a substantially transparent layer such that all of the light generated in the active layer of the germanium LED is actually transmitted through the second electrode layer. . In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plurality of metal shunts, wires, electrically connected to the first electrode, are used to increase the conductance of the first electrode 153405.doc 201214820. These shunt lines can be applied to the previously deposited first electrode in any suitable manner, for example, in a photon lithography process, in order to avoid uneven surfaces caused by the #bullet shunt line, It is embedded in the carrier in a pressing step prior to application of the first electrode. The OLED device can be fabricated using conventional materials, which will be known to those skilled in the art. Preferably, the 〇led device according to the present invention is constructed using a substantially transparent material. For example, the carrier may comprise a transparent glass substrate; the first electrode may be used as an anode and may be made of a transparent conductive oxide such as aluminum-doped zinc oxide (Zn0) or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). Or a highly ductile transparent conductive polymer such as poly(3,4-extended ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonic acid) PEDOT:pss. The active layer may comprise one or more organic semiconductor materials selected for / or specific luminescent properties. The second electrode can be used as a cathode and can be rendered substantially transparent, for example, by using a transparent material such as thin silver, thin aluminum or a transparent conductive oxide such as IT0. To seal the OLED layers and protect them from moisture, a transparent cover can then be applied over the second electrode to encapsulate the entire OLED. The transparent OLED can be advantageously used in applications where a transparent area is desired when the transparent OLED system is inactive or "off" and illuminates the transparent area when the transparent 〇LEDs are active or "on" For example, a window that is transparent during the day and can be used as a light source at night. Since the conductivity increasing member allows the current to be uniformly distributed over the entire second electrode 'a device size having an emission area exceeding 3 〇 cm x 30 cm can be easily obtained', the OLED according to the present invention can be realized for the OLED according to the prior art Many applications for larger emission areas are very 153405.doc 201214820 Attractive" A conductive ink or metal "paste" for printing or dispensing of the type mentioned above includes smaller particles or metal pellets, Typically, it is encapsulated in a polymeric shell and suspended in a suitable solvent. To improve the contact between the first printed line and the second electrode, the step of annealing the printed line in accordance with the present invention. During annealing, high: effective: - "bake" the metal paste 'so that the encapsulation is somewhat smeared or dissolved, allowing any solvent to evaporate and causing the metal spheres to bond together - forming - conducting "This improves the contact between the first printed line and a subsequent laminated printed line, so that the function of the conductivity increasing member is enhanced - that is, the conductivity of the second electrode is improved. - Required for a successful annealing process The temperature depends on the metal paste used. However, a higher temperature can be detrimental to the functionality of the active layer. An annealing step is typically carried out in an oven wherein the entire OLED device is exposed to such temperatures. When a silver nano ink or a silver metal precursor ink is used, a favorable lower temperature of 13 (rc or even 9 〇e>c may be sufficient. At 9 〇. 〇 and 13 〇. It is feasible to carry out heat treatment for the heat treatment period without affecting the device performance. It is one of the inventions for the successful annealing of the grain at a higher temperature without damaging the device (for example, when using a different metal paste) Further comparison In an embodiment, the step of annealing a printed line includes a partial deposition of energy in the material of the printed line such that only the printed line is effectively heated and the remainder of the OLED is not directly exposed to heat. A suitable source of heat, such as a UV or IR source. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the annealing step includes directing a laser beam to the line 153405.doc -12-201214820 for basic The material of the printed line is heated only. The laser parameters can be selected such that the laser light is absorbed substantially only in the printed line, and the current in the second electrode or even the active layer is not absorbed. In this way, the thermal exposure is limited to the immediate vicinity of the metal line itself. For a stack of printed lines, a sufficient electrical (four) between the individual subsequently printed laminate lines can be achieved, and for such a φ line, In the preferred embodiment of the n-step of the present invention, only one first printed line is annealed in an annealing step, and one or more conductive conductive material overlapping lines are simply printed on Retreat a first line to provide a conductive stack. If it is not intended to perform an annealing step, the reduced conductivity can be compensated for by using a corresponding larger line width for at least the first printed line. Other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent from the Detailed Description of the Drawings. In the figures, the same reference numerals refer to the same items throughout the drawings. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and in particular, the OLED device layer thickness and the printed line of the conductivity increasing member are not necessarily drawn to scale. Figure 1 shows a prior art A simple presentation of an OLED device. Basically, the device comprises a carrier 10 which may be glass, plastic or any other suitable material and is preferably a transparent material on which a first electrode layer 11 is applied, for example a transparent Conductive oxide (TC0) 'such as zinc oxide, indium oxide 153405.doc -13- 201214820 tin and so on. An active layer 12, including any suitable organic light-emitting material, is applied to the first electrode layer 11. Finally, a second electrode 13 is applied to the active layer 12. The layers 11, 12, 13 can be applied using known techniques such as masking, vapor deposition, and the like. For a transparent OLED, the second electrode 13 must also be a transparent conductor, and the electrical contacts 11a, 13a for applying a voltage across the electrodes must be disposed outside of the emission region. However, the transparent materials available are generally only poor conductors. As a result, applying a voltage across the electrodes n, 13 (by the contact regions 11a, 13a) causes the potential to be unevenly distributed across the second electrode, as indicated in the upper half of the figure. In the outer region 41 which is closest to the contact points 11a, 13a, the potential system is the highest. However, due to the poor conductivity of the second electrode material and the associated voltage drop, the potential is lower in an intermediate region 42 and the potential is lowest in an internal region 43. This results in a corresponding lower brightness level in the intermediate and inner regions, which are effectively rendered darker. Thus, consistently, such devices are not suitable for decorative lighting applications where a uniform emission area is desired or desired. The regions 4, 42, 43 of the different potentials shown herein are merely illustrative. For a 〇LED having a differently configured contact area around one of the edges of the device, the current distribution and thus the potential distribution are of course different. Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of one of the LED devices 1 according to one embodiment of the invention. This 'LED' is constructed in substantially the same manner as the prior art OLED 4 described in FIG. 1, having a carrier 1 , a first electrode 11 active layer 12 and a second electrode 13. An additional shunt line 14 is indicated on the first electrode 11 at °. However, the next step in the manufacturing process ensures that the potential is distributed on the I53405.doc 201214820 - electrode 13 - and therefore also ensures that - the uniform light transmission after coating the "Hadi - electrode 13, its conductivity is borrowed Increasing the yak 2 by a conductivity "the large 豸 conductivity increasing member 2 comprises a plurality of conductive material lines printed on the second electrode 3. This figure only shows the transverse surface of the OLED] It is shown that the conductivity increasing member 2 protrudes outwardly away from the second electrode 13 and is thinner and visually non-protruding than the rest of the coffee maker. The four cross-sections A, B, C, and D of the plurality of possible implementations of the rate increasing member 2 (the height and width of the lines in each implementation are not in a ratio of:). A conductivity increasing member 2 The first embodiment (4) comprises two conductive ink printed lines 2, 21. Here, the material of the second printed line 21 has spread to cover the first printed line 20 such that it substantially follows the first printed line 2 The width is the same. The lower-implementation (B) shows the -th print line 2q on which the continuous line 21' is printed to achieve substantially perpendicular to the The outer surface of the two electrodes and the "South" or "Tall" conductive tapes or stacked ones are implemented in a (C) display-like configuration in which the continuous printed lines (4) are narrowed to provide a favorable height : Width aspect ratio. Each of the strips 23 of the conductivity increasing member 2 is substantially at least two stacked printed lines π, " one stack 23. In each of these three implementations, the first printed line 2 can be annealed in a thermal annealing process to improve the conductivity of the printed line. In each case, the overall height of the stack 23 is governed by the number of additional printed turns". The last implementation (D) on the right shows a conductivity increasing member 2' which includes a coating in a single step. A printed line in the form of a narrow band or narrow band η. Again, the narrow strip 22 can also be annealed. 153405.doc 15, 201214820 Figure 4 shows a plan view of many possible embodiments (", Π and ΠΙ) of a conductivity increasing member 2 printed on the second electrode π of an OLED 1. The printed line of the conductivity increasing member 2 can be applied to, for example, those who have realized the implementation described in Fig. 3. In the upper half of the figure, a first embodiment (1) shows a conductivity increasing member 2 in the form of a printed line grid, some of which are between the contact regions 13a of the second electrode 13. Extending, and wherein the printed lines are substantially at right angles. The lines may be printed such that the line density is greater in the central region 44 of the second electrode 13 than in the outer region. In a first embodiment (Π), the lines are printed as irregular or wavy lines 'further configured to provide a higher density in the central region 44 of the second electrode 13, and to connect Contact area 13a. In a third embodiment (III), the 'line system is printed in a number of concentric circles. In these examples, the contact regions 13a of the second electrode 13 are shown on the adjacent side of the device, but may be on the same side or on the opposite side depending on the device configuration. Of course, these are merely exemplary embodiments and, to some extent, depend on the capacity of the device used to print the conductive material, and the printed line configuration on the outer side of the second electrode may follow any suitable pattern. Figure 5 shows a cross section of a transparent germanium LED device according to the present invention during operation of the device. A voltage is applied across the first and second electrodes 11, 13 in a conventional manner to cause the active layer 12 to emit light 1, as indicated by the wide arrow exiting the device on either side of the active layer. Here, the voltage supply 3 is only indicated schematically. Generally, as is known to those skilled in the art, this voltage is applied to several contact areas along the outer edge of the device. The conductivity increase structure #2 is also connected to the lateral connection 153405.doc -16·201214820 contact area (as depicted in Fig. 4) at several points, but for the sake of clarity, this is not shown in the figure. The shunt line 14 of the first electrode 11 is indicated in the figure. As evidenced by the light, the light L emitted by the OLED 1 during operation is substantially unaffected by the width of the printed line of the conductivity increasing member 2 on the second electrode 13. When the device is turned off, the printed lines of the conductivity increasing member 2 are significantly too small to be noticed. The transparent OLED is substantially transparent. Figure 6 illustrates the steps of constructing a printing and annealing process in an electrical conductivity increasing member. Starting from the left side of the figure, a drop of conductive silver paste 5 is dropped from a suitable applicator 5 (e.g., a print head of nano ink). At the time of printing, the applicator $ is movable relative to the second electrode 13 (or vice versa) to span the entire width of the second electrode or depending on the pattern to be applied, only at a certain length, as appropriate A first printed line 20 is provided. A beam of laser light 6 is then directed to the first printed line 20 to locally deposit thermal energy into the conductive paste and to improve conductivity. Once the first printed line 2 is annealed and cooled, the print head 5 can be repositioned 'to dispense another series of drops 5 于 onto the first printed line 20' where the drops 50 can diffuse Providing a stack of printed lines 2 1 having substantially the same width as the first printed line 2 ^ ^ In this manner, one or a further line 21 may be printed on the first line 20 in a superimposed manner to provide The second electrode 13 has a conductive material stack 23 or strip 23 protruding outward. The present invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and the foregoing description example. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art. For clarity, 153405.doc •17·201214820 See 'It should be understood that the use of "a" or "an" or "an" or "an" . Some measures are described in mutually different sub-claims, but the mere fact that it does not mean that the combination of such measures cannot be utilized to be more advantageous. Any reference signs in the patentable towel should not be construed as limiting the scope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows a plan view and a cross section of a prior art OLED device, and Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a 〇LED device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 shows a plurality of real cross-sections of a conductivity-increasing member not according to the present invention; Figure 4 shows a front view of a conductivity-increasing member on a second electrode - a second electrode in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of one of the LED devices in accordance with one of the present invention; and Figure 6 is not intended to illustrate the printing and annealing steps of constructing an electrical conductivity increasing member of an OLED according to the present invention.曰【Main component symbol description】 1 Organic light-emitting diode device 2 Conductivity increasing member 3 Voltage supply 4 Prior art organic light-emitting diode device 153405.doc -18- 201214820 5 Applicator 6 Laser beam 10 carrier 11 first electrode layer / first electrode 11a contact area / electrical contact / contact point 12 active layer 13 second electrode 13a contact area / electrical contact / contact point 14 shunt line 20 conductive material printed line 21 conductive material printed line 22 Conductive material printed line / narrow strip 23 Conductive strip / conductive stack 41 External area 42 Intermediate area 43 Internal area 44 Central area 50 Conductive silver paste L Organic light emitting diode device emits light 153405.doc -19-