201211479 六、發明說明： I：發明所屬之技術領域3 本申請案一般係有關於冷凍、空調及冷卻液體系統中 之蒸汽壓縮系統。本申請案更特別地係有關於蒸汽壓縮系 統之分配系統及方法。 L先前技冬好3 背景 傳統之用於加熱、通風及空調系統之冷卻液體系統包 含一用以使熱能於此系統之冷凍劑與欲被冷卻之另一液體 間轉移之蒸發器。一種蒸發器包含一殼體，其具有多數個 管件而形成管束，欲被冷卻之液體係經此循環。冷凍劑與 殼體内之管束之外表或外部表面接觸，造成熱能於欲被冷 卻之液體與冷凍劑間轉移。例如，冷凍劑可藉由喷灑或其 它相似技術（其普遍稱為”降膜式"蒸發器）沉積於管束之外 部表面上。於另一範例，管束之外部表面可完全或部份浸 潰於液體冷凍劑内，其係普遍稱為”泛溢式”蒸發器。於另 一範例，一部份之管束可具有沉積於外部表面上之冷凍 劑，且另一部份之管柱可浸潰於液體冷凍劑内，其係普遍 稱為"混雜降膜式"蒸發器。 因為熱能以液體轉移，冷凍劑被加熱及轉化成蒸汽 態，然後，回到一壓縮機，於其間，蒸汽被壓縮，開始另 一冷凍循環。經冷卻之液體可循環至位於整個建築物之多 數個熱交換器。來自建築物之較溫暖的空氣通過熱交換 器，於其間，經冷卻之液體被加溫，同時使用於建築物之 201211479 空氣冷卻。由建築物空氣加溫之液體回到蒸發器而重複此 處理程序。 【發明内容】 概要 本發明係有關於一種用於一蒸汽壓縮系統之分配器， 包含一外殼，其係建構成置於一熱交換器内，其具有一包 含多數個於熱交換器内實質上水平延伸之管之管束。多數 個分配裝置係形成於外殼内，多數個分配裝置被建構成使 進入分配器之流體施加至管束。外殼係由單一結構形成。 本發明進一步係有關於一種用於一蒸汽壓縮系統之熱 交換器，包含一殼體、一管束、一篷罩，及一分配器。管 束包含多數個於殼體内實質上水平延伸之管。篷罩覆蓋且 實質上側向圍繞管束。分配器包含一外殼，其係建構成置 於熱交換器内。多數個分配裝置係形成於外殼内。多數個 分配裝置係建構成使進入分配器之流體施加至管束。外殼 係由單一結構形成。 圖式簡單說明 第1圖顯示一加熱、通風及空調之系統之一例示實施 例。 第2圖顯示一例示蒸汽壓縮系統之等角視圖。 第3及4圖係示意例示蒸汽壓縮系統之例示實施例。 第5A圖顯示一例示蒸發器之分解部份剖視圖。 第5B圖顯示第5A圖之蒸發器之頂等角視圖。 第5C圖顯示沿第5B圖之線5-5取得之蒸發器之截面圖。 4 201211479 第6A圖顯示一例示蒸發器之頂等角圖。 第6B及6C圖顯示沿第6A圖之線6-6取得之蒸發器之截 面圖。 第7圖顯示一分配裝置之一倒置外殼之例示實施例。 第8圖顯示沿第7圖之線8-8取得之外殼之截面圖。 第9圖顯示一分配裝置之一倒置外殼之例示實施例。 第10圖顯示沿第9圖之線10 -10取得之外殼之截面圖。 第11圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之例示實施 例。 第12圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 第13圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 第14圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 第15圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 第16圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 C實方方式3 例示實施例之詳細說明 第1圖顯示用於典型商業安裝之於一建築物12之併納 一冷卻液體系統之一加熱、通風及空調（HVAC)系統10之例 示環境。系統10可包含一蒸汽壓縮系統14，其可供應一可 201211479 用於冷卻建築物12之冷卻液體。系統ι〇可包含—供應可用 於加熱建築物12之經加熱之液體之鍋爐16，及—估办户 1之芏氣經 建築物12循環之空氣分配系統。空氣分配系統亦可含有— 空氣返回管18、一空氣供應管20，及一空氣處理器22。办 氣處理器22可包含一熱交換器，其係藉由導管24與鍋爐 及蒸汽壓縮系統14連接。空氣處理器22内之熱交換器可接 收來自鍋爐16之經加熱之液體或來自蒸汽壓縮系統14之a 卻液體，其係依系統10之操作模式而定。系統1〇係於建築 物12之每一層樓一個別之空氣處理器顯示，但需瞭解此等 組件可於樓層間共享。 第2及3圖顯示一可用於HVAC系統，諸如，HVAc系統 10，之例示蒸汽壓縮系統14。蒸汽壓縮系統14可使冷凍劑 循環經過一藉由一馬達50驅動之壓縮機32、一冷凝機34、 膨脹裝置36，及一液體冷卻器或蒸發器38。蒸汽壓縮系統 14亦可包含一控制面板4〇,其可含有一類比數位(A/D)轉換 器42、一微處理器44、一非揮發性記憶體46，及一界面板 48。可作為蒸汽壓縮系統14之冷凍劑之流體之某些範例係 以氫氟碳化物(HFC)為主之冷凍劑，例如，R_41〇A、R 4〇7、 R-134a，氫氟烯烴（HF〇)，“天然”冷凍劑，如氨（NH3)， R 717 —氧化碳(C02) ’ R-744，或以烴為主之冷;東劑，水 蒸汽或任何其它適合型式之冷凍劑。於一例示實施例，蒸 /•L壓縮系統14可使用一或多個之VSD52、馬達5〇、壓縮機 32、冷凝機34及/或蒸發機38之每一者。 與壓縮機32使用之馬達50可藉由變速驅動器（VSD)52 201211479 發動，或可自交流(AC)或直流(DC)電源直接發動。VSD 52 若使用時係接收來自AC電源之具有特定之固定線路電壓 及固定線路頻率之AC電力，且提供可變之電壓及頻率至馬 達50。馬達5〇可包含可藉由VSD或直接自AC或DC電源發動 之任何型式之電動馬達。例如，馬達50可為一切換式磁阻 馬達、一感應馬達、一電子換向永久磁電馬達，或任何其 它適合之馬達型式。於一另外之例示實施例，諸如水蒸汽 或氣體渦輪機或引擎及相關組件之其它驅動機構可用以驅 動壓縮機32。 壓縮機32包含-冷;東劑蒸汽，且使蒸汽經由一排放管 線遞送至冷《34。壓縮機32可為_離心式壓縮機、螺旋 式壓縮機、往復式壓縮機、旋轉式壓縮機、轉盤連桿式壓 縮機、舰式壓縮機、㈤輪,切縮機，或任何其它適合壓 縮機。藉由壓縮機32遞送至冷凝機％之冷;東肺汽使执轉 移至流體，例如，水或空氣。冷軸蒸汽因與流體熱轉移 於冷凝機34内冷凝成冷糾液體。來自冷凝機34液體冷柬 劑流經膨脹裝置36至蒸發器38。於第3圖所示之例示實施 例，冷凝機34係水冷式，且包含與—冷卻塔％連接之一管 束54。201211479 VI. INSTRUCTIONS: I: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present application generally relates to vapor compression systems in refrigeration, air conditioning, and cooling liquid systems. The present application more particularly relates to dispensing systems and methods for vapor compression systems. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Conventional cooling liquid systems for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems include an evaporator for transferring heat between the refrigerant of the system and another liquid to be cooled. An evaporator comprises a casing having a plurality of tubular members to form a bundle of tubes through which the liquid system to be cooled is circulated. The refrigerant contacts the outer or outer surface of the tube bundle within the housing, causing thermal energy to transfer between the liquid to be cooled and the cryogen. For example, the cryogen may be deposited on the outer surface of the tube bundle by spraying or other similar technique (which is commonly referred to as a "falling film" evaporator). In another example, the outer surface of the tube bundle may be fully or partially dipped. In the liquid refrigerant, it is commonly referred to as a "overflow" evaporator. In another example, a portion of the tube bundle may have a refrigerant deposited on the outer surface, and another portion of the tube may Immersed in liquid cryogen, it is commonly known as "hybrid falling film" evaporator. Because heat is transferred by liquid, the refrigerant is heated and converted into a vapor state, and then returned to a compressor. The steam is compressed and another refrigeration cycle begins. The cooled liquid can be recycled to a number of heat exchangers located throughout the building. The warmer air from the building passes through the heat exchanger during which the cooled liquid is Heating, simultaneously used in the building's 201211479 air cooling. This process is repeated by returning the building air warmed liquid back to the evaporator. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a The dispenser of a vapor compression system includes a housing constructed to be disposed within a heat exchanger having a plurality of tube bundles including a plurality of tubes extending substantially horizontally within the heat exchanger. Formed within the outer casing, a plurality of dispensing devices are constructed to apply fluid entering the dispenser to the tube bundle. The outer casing is formed from a unitary structure. The invention further relates to a heat exchanger for a vapor compression system comprising a shell a tube, a canopy, a canopy, and a dispenser. The tube bundle includes a plurality of tubes extending substantially horizontally within the housing. The canopy covers and substantially laterally surrounds the tube bundle. The dispenser includes a housing that is configured to be constructed In the heat exchanger, a plurality of dispensing devices are formed in the outer casing. A plurality of dispensing devices are constructed to apply fluid entering the dispenser to the tube bundle. The outer casing is formed from a single structure. Figure 1 shows a heating An example of a system for ventilation, air conditioning, and air conditioning. Figure 2 shows an isometric view of an example of a vapor compression system. Figures 3 and 4 are schematic examples. An exemplary embodiment of a vapor compression system. Fig. 5A shows an exploded partial cross-sectional view of an evaporator. Fig. 5B shows a top isometric view of the evaporator of Fig. 5A. Fig. 5C shows a line along line 5B of 5B. 5 Sectional view of the obtained evaporator. 4 201211479 Figure 6A shows an example of an isometric view of the evaporator. Figures 6B and 6C show a cross-sectional view of the evaporator taken along line 6-6 of Figure 6A. The figure shows an exemplary embodiment of an inverted housing of one of the dispensing devices. Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the housing taken along line 8-8 of Figure 7. Figure 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of an inverted housing of one of the dispensing devices. Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the outer casing taken along line 10-10 of Figure 9. Figure 11 shows an exemplary embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Figure 12 shows an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Another illustrative embodiment. Figure 13 shows another illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Figure 14 shows another illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Figure 15 shows another illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Figure 16 shows another illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. C. Solid Mode 3 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows an exemplary environment for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system 10 for a typical commercial installation of a building 12. System 10 can include a vapor compression system 14 that can supply a cooling liquid that can be used to cool building 12 at 201211479. The system ι can include a supply of a boiler 16 that can be used to heat the heated liquid of the building 12, and an air distribution system that estimates the circulation of the helium gas through the building 12. The air distribution system may also include an air return pipe 18, an air supply pipe 20, and an air handler 22. The air handler 22 can include a heat exchanger that is coupled to the boiler and vapor compression system 14 by a conduit 24. The heat exchanger within the air handler 22 can receive heated liquid from the boiler 16 or a liquid from the vapor compression system 14 depending on the mode of operation of the system 10. System 1 is displayed on a separate air handler on each floor of Building 12, but it is important to understand that these components can be shared between floors. Figures 2 and 3 show an exemplary vapor compression system 14 that may be used in an HVAC system, such as the HVAc system 10. The vapor compression system 14 circulates the refrigerant through a compressor 32, a condenser 34, an expansion device 36, and a liquid cooler or evaporator 38, which are driven by a motor 50. The vapor compression system 14 can also include a control panel 4A that can include an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 42, a microprocessor 44, a non-volatile memory 46, and an interface board 48. Some examples of fluids that can be used as a refrigerant for the vapor compression system 14 are hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-based refrigerants, for example, R_41〇A, R 4〇7, R-134a, hydrofluoroolefins (HF). 〇), "natural" refrigerants, such as ammonia (NH3), R 717 - carbon oxide (C02) 'R-744, or hydrocarbon-based cold; East, steam or any other suitable type of refrigerant. In an exemplary embodiment, the steam/•L compression system 14 may use one or more of VSD 52, motor 5, compressor 32, condenser 34, and/or evaporator 38. The motor 50 used with the compressor 32 can be started by a variable speed drive (VSD) 52 201211479 or can be directly powered from an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power source. The VSD 52, when used, receives AC power from a AC power source with a specified fixed line voltage and fixed line frequency and provides variable voltage and frequency to the motor 50. The motor 5 can include any type of electric motor that can be powered by VSD or directly from an AC or DC power source. For example, motor 50 can be a switched reluctance motor, an induction motor, an electronically commutated permanent magnetoelectric motor, or any other suitable motor type. In an additional exemplary embodiment, other drive mechanisms, such as water vapor or gas turbines or engines and associated components, may be used to drive compressor 32. Compressor 32 contains -cold; east agent steam and delivers steam to the cold "34" via a discharge line. The compressor 32 can be a centrifugal compressor, a screw compressor, a reciprocating compressor, a rotary compressor, a rotary link compressor, a ship compressor, a (5) wheel, a cutter, or any other suitable compression. machine. The compressor 32 delivers cold to the condenser %; the east lungs shifts the transfer to a fluid, such as water or air. The cold shaft steam is condensed into a cold correction liquid due to heat transfer with the fluid in the condenser 34. The liquid cryogen from the condenser 34 flows through the expansion device 36 to the evaporator 38. In the illustrated embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the condenser 34 is water cooled and includes a bundle 54 connected to the % cooling tower.
遞送至蒸發器38之液體冷;東劑吸收來自可為或不為與 用於冷凝機34之流體相同型式另_流體之熱，且進行相變 化成冷㈣蒸汽。於第3圖所示之例示實施例，蒸發器_ 含一管束，其具有與-冷卻負動2連接之-供應管線60S 及一回流管線60R。處理流體 例如，水、乙二醇、氯化鈣 201211479 鹽水、氣化鈉鹽水，或任何其它適合液體，經由回流管線 60R進入蒸發器38，且經由供應管線6〇s離開蒸發器。蒸 發器38冷卻管内處理流體之溫度。蒸發器38内之管束可包 含多數個管及多數個管束。蒸汽冷凍劑離開蒸發器38且藉 由一吸入管線回到壓縮機32而成此循環。 相似於第3圖之第4圖顯示具有可併納於冷凝機34及膨 脹裝置36間一中間迴路64以提供增加之冷卻能力、效率及 性能之冷凍劑迴路。中間迴路64具有一入口管線68，其可 與冷凝機34直接連接或可呈流體連通。如所示，入口管線 68含有一位於一中間容器70之上游之膨脹裝置的。於一例 示實施例，中間容器70可為一閃氣槽，亦稱為閃式進氣冷 卻器。於另一例示實施例，中間容器7〇可建構為一熱交換 器或一11表面節能器"。於閃式進氣冷卻器配置，一第一膨 脹裝置66操作降低自冷凝機34接收之液體之壓力。於閃式 進氣冷卻器内之膨脹處理期間，一部份之液體蒸發。中間 谷器70可用於使蒸發之蒸汽與自冷凝機接收之液體分離。 蒸發之液體可藉由壓縮機32以吸入與排放中間之壓力或於 壓縮之中間階段經由官線74引至一孔口。未蒸發之液體藉 由膨脹處理冷卻，且於中間容器70之底部收集，於其間， 液體被回收，丄由包3 —第_膨脹裝置36之一管線72流主 蒸發器38。 於，，表面進氣冷卻器"配置，如熟習此項技藝者所知， 實施係些微不同。中間迴路64可以與如上述相似之方式操 作，但替代如第4圖所示般之接收來自冷凝機％之全部量之 201211479 冷床劑’中間迴路64僅接收-部份之自來冷凝機34之冷束 劑’且剩餘冷;東劑直接行進至膨騰裝置％。 第5A-5C圖顯不一建構為"混雜降膜式，，蒸發器之蒸發 器例示實施例。如第5A-5C圖所示，—蒸發器138包含一實 質上圓㈣之殼76，具❹數個管而形成—沿著殼％之長 度實質上水平地延伸之管束78。至少—撑體116可置於殼76 内部以支撐管束78之多數個管。—適合流體，諸如，水、 乙炔、乙二醇，或氣化鈣鹽水，流經管束78之管。一置於 官束78上之分配II’來自多數個位置之冷;東劑ιι〇沉積 或施加至管束78之管上。於—例示實_，藉由分配器8〇 沉積之冷㈣可全部為液體冷;東劑，即使於另—例示實施 例’藉由分配H8G沉積之冷;東劑可包含液體冷;東劑及蒸汽 冷;東劑。 圍繞管束78之管流動而未改變狀態之液體冷束劑收集 於殼76之下部份。收集之㈣冷;東射形成液體冷来劑μ 之池或貯存槽。分配1180之沉積位置可包含相對於管束Μ 之縱向或側向位置之任何組合。於另一例示實施例，分配 器80之沉積位置不受限於沉積於管束乃之上管上。分配器 8〇可包含藉*冷;東狀-分散源供應之錄㈣嘴。於一 例示實施例，分散源係-連接冷㈣^，諸如冷凝機 34，之管。喷嘴包含喷灑喷嘴，但亦包含機械式開:，其 可使冷束劑導引或指引至管之表面上。喷嘴可以—預定圖 案’諸如’喷射圖案’施加冷;東劑，f束78之 蓋。管束78之管可航置紅@繞管表面謂、液體冷束 9 201211479 劑聯合形成滴液或於某些情況於管表面之底部之簾狀或 片狀之液體冷凍劑之型式而促進冷凍劑之流動。形成之片 狀物促進管表面之濕化’此促進於管束78之管内部流動之 流體與圍繞管束78之管之表面流動之冷凍劑間之熱轉移效 率。 於液體冷凍劑82之池，一管束140可被浸潰或至少部份 浸潰’以提供冷凍劑與處理流體間之另外的熱能轉移，以 蒸發液體冷凍劑82之池。於一例示實施例，管束78可被置 放於至少部份高於管束140(即，至少部份疊置於其上）。於 一例示實施例，蒸發器138併納一個二段式系統，其中，欲 被冷卻之處理流體先於管束140之管的内部流動，然後，被 導引於管束78之管的内部以與管束140内之流動相反方向 流動。於此二段式系統之第二段，於管束78内流動之流體 之溫度被降低，因此，需要較少量之用以獲得處理流體所 欲溫度之與在管束78表面上流動之冷凍劑之熱轉移。 需瞭解雖然一其中第一段係與管束140有關且第二段 係與管束78有關之二段式系統被描述，但其它配置係被考 量。例如，蒸發器138可併納一其中處理流體係以相同方向 流經管束140及管束78之一段式系統。另外，蒸發器138可 併納一個三段式系統，其中，二段係與管束140有關且剩餘 段係與管束78有關，或其中一段係與管束140有關且剩餘二 段係與管束78有關。再者，蒸發器138可被併納一另另之二 段式系統，其中，一段係與管束78及管束140有關，且第二 段係與管束78及管束140有關。於一例示實施例，管束78係 10 201211479 置於至少部份南於管束140 ’且具有一使管束78與管束 分隔之間隙。於另一例示實施例，篷罩86疊置於管束78上， 且篷罩86向間隙延伸且於其附近終結。综言之，其中一階 段可與管束78及管束140之一或二者有關之任何階段數量 被考量。 外殼或篷罩86係置於管束78上，以實質上避免交叉流 動，即，管束78之管間之蒸汽冷凍劑或液體及蒸汽冷凍劑 106之側向流動。篷罩86係置於管束78之管上且側面鄰接。 篷罩86包含一上端部88，其係置於接近殼76之上部。分配 器80可置於篷罩86與管束78之間。於另一例示實施例，分 配器80可被置放於接近篷罩86但於其外部，如此，分配器 80未被置於篷罩86與管束78之間。但是，即使分配器8〇未 被置於篷罩86與管束78之間。分配器80之噴嘴仍被建構成 使冷凍劑導引或施加至管之表面上。篷罩86之上端部88被 建構成貫質上避免施加之冷柬劑11〇及經部份蒸發之冷来 劑流動，即，避免液體及/或蒸汽冷；;東劑1〇6直接流至出口 104。相反地，施加之冷凍劑丨1〇及冷凍劑1〇6係受篷罩祕限 制，且更特別地，係於冷凍劑可經篷罩86之開口端部94離 開前被迫使於壁92間向下運行。圍繞篷罩86之蒸汽冷凍劑 96流亦包含遠離液體冷凍劑82之池而流動之經蒸發的冷凍 劑。 需瞭解至少如上確認之相對用辭關於此揭露之其它例 示貫施例係非限制性。例如，篷罩86可相對於先前探討之 其它洛發器組件旋轉’即’包含壁92之篷罩86係不限於垂 201211479 直方向。於篷罩86繞著一與管束78之管實質上平行之軸充 分旋轉時，篷罩86可不再被認為係”上置於，'或"側面鄰接" 管束78之管。相似地，篷罩86之"上"端部88亦可不再接近 殼76之”上部”，且其它例示實施例於篷罩與殼之間不限於 此一配置。於一例示實施例’篷罩86於覆蓋管束78後終結， 即使於另一例示實施例，篷罩86於覆蓋管束78後進一步延 伸0 於篷罩86迫使冷殊劑1〇6於壁92之間向下且經過開口 端部94後’蒸汽冷凍劑在於殼76與壁92間之空間内從殼76 之下部自殼76之上部行進之前進行方向之突然改變。與重 力作用結合，流動之突然額外改變造成一比例之任何被捕 集之冷凍劑滴液與液體冷凍劑82或殼76碰撞，藉此，使此 等滴液自蒸汽冷凍劑96之流移除。再者，於壁92間沿著篷 罩86之長度進行之冷凍劑霧狀物聚結成更易藉由重力輕易 分離之較大滴液，或維持足夠接近管束78或與其接觸，使 冷凍劑霧狀物藉由與管束之熱轉移而蒸發。因為增加滴液 尺寸，液體藉由重力分離之效率被改良，允許增加向上速 率之蒸汽冷凍劑9 6於壁9 2與殼7 6間之空間内流經蒸發器。 無論係自開口端部94或自液體冷凍劑82之池動流，蒸汽冷 凍劑96流過一對自壁92於接近上端部88凸伸之延伸部98， 且進入一通道100。於出口 1〇4離開蒸發器138前，蒸汽冷凍 劑96經由係延伸部98之端部與殼76間之空間之槽1〇2進入 通道100。於另一例示實施例，替代槽1〇2，蒸汽冷凍劑％ 可經由於延伸部98形成之開口或孔隙進入通道1〇〇。於另一 12 201211479 例示實施例，槽102可藉由篷罩86與殼76間之空間形成， 即’篷罩86不含有延伸部98。 以另一方式而言，一旦冷凍劑1〇6自篷罩86離開，蒸汽 冷凍劑96其後沿著規定通道自殼76之下部流至殼76之上 部。於一例示實施例’於到達出口 1〇4前，此通道於篷罩86 與殼76之表面間可實質上對稱。於一例示實施例，擋板’ 諸如延伸部98係設置於接近蒸發器出口，以避免蒸汽冷凍 劑96至壓縮機入口之直接通路。 於一例示實施例，篷罩86包含相對之實質上平行的壁 92。於另一例示實施例，壁92可實質上垂直地延伸，且終 結於位於實質上相對於上端部88之開口端部94。上端部88 與壁92係緊密置放於接近管束78之管，且壁％係向著殼^ 之下部延伸，以便實質上側面鄰接管束78之管。於一例示 實施例，壁92可與管束78之管間隔約〇 〇2英对⑴5mm)與約 〇·8英吋(20 mm)之間。於另一例示實施例，壁92可與管束？8 之管間隔約0_1英忖(3 111111)與約〇.2英时（5麵)之間。但是， 上端雜與管束78之管間之間隔可顯著地大魏2英叶(5 mm)，以提供用以使分配器崎於f與篷罩之上端部間之 足夠間隔。於一其中篷罩86之壁92係實質上平行且殼_ 圓柱形之例示實施例，壁92亦可相對於將分隔壁92之空間 平分之殼的一中間垂直對稱面里對稱。於其它例示；施 例’壁92無需垂直延伸通過管束78之下管，壁92亦益需為 平面，因為壁92可為彎曲或具有其它非平面之形狀。座論 特定結構，篷轉職誠使冷;_ 1G峨域罩86之開 13 201211479 口端部94於壁92之範圍内輸送。 第6A-6C圖顯示建構為"降膜式"蒸發器i 28之蒸發器之 一例示實施例。如第6A-6C圖所示，蒸發器128係相似於第 5A-5C圖所示之蒸發器138，但蒸發器ι28於殼之下部内收集 之冷凍劑82之池内不含有管束140。於一例示實施例，篷罩 86係於覆蓋管束78後終結，即使於另一例示實施例，篷罩 86於覆蓋管束78後進一步向著冷凍劑82之池延伸。於另一 例示實施例’篷罩86終結而使篷罩不完全覆蓋管束，即， 實質上覆蓋管束。 如第6B及6C圖所示，泵84可用以使液體冷凍劑82之池 自殼76之下部經由管線U4循環至分配器8〇β如第6B圖中進 一步顯示，管線114可包含一調節裝置112，其可與冷凝機 (未示出）呈流體連通。於另一例示實施例，一噴射器（未示 出）可被用以使用來自冷凝機34之加壓冷康劑使液體冷;;東 劑82自殼76之下部引出，其係藉由白努力（Bern〇um)效應操 作。喷射器結合調節裝置112及泵84之功能。 於一例示實施例，管或管束之一配置可藉由多數個垂 直及水平地對齊，形成一可為實質上呈長方形之輪廓之均 一地間隔開之管而定義。但是，管束之堆疊配置可被使用， 其中’管係非呈垂直或水平對齊，且配置並非均一地間隔 開。 於另一例示實施例，不同管束結構被考量。例如，鰭 管（未示出）可用於管束，諸如，沿著管束之最上之水平列或 最上部份。除使用鰭管之可能性，用於池沸騰應用，諸如， 14 201211479 ••泛溢式”蒸發器’之更有效操作而發展之管亦可被使用。 此外’或於鰭管組合’多孔性塗層亦可應用於管束之管之 外表面。 於另一例示實施例’蒸發器殼之截面輪廓可為非圓形。 於一例示實施例，一部份之篷罩可部份延伸至殼出口 内。 此外，可將系統14之膨脹裝置之膨脹功能併納於分配 器80内。於一例示實施例，二膨脹裝置被使用。一膨脹裝 置係於分配器80之喷灑喷嘴呈現。於藉由位於蒸發器内部 之喷灑喷嘴提供者前’另一膨脹裝置，例如，膨張裳置36， 可提供冷;東劑之初步部份膨服。於一例示實施例，此另— 膨脹裝置’即，非喷灑噴嘴之膨脹裝置，可藉由蒸發器内 之液體冷凍劑82之水平面控制以解決操作條件，諸如，蒸 發及冷凝之壓力，與部份冷卻載負之變化。於另一例示實 施例，膨脹裝置可藉由冷凝機内之液體冷凍劑之水平面， 或於另一例示實施例’藉由”閃式節能器，•容器控制。於一 例示實施例，大部份之膨脹可發生在喷嘴，其提供較大壓 力差，同時使喷嘴具有降低之尺寸，因此，降低喷嘴之尺 寸及成本。 第7-16圖顯示分配器之個別之外殼或外罩148，丨5〇， 152 ’ 154 ’ 156 ’ 158 ’ 16〇 ’ 162。為了簡單，”外殼，，一辭 可至少用以指第7_16圖所示或於本揭露内容中所述之例示 實施例之任何者。外殼可具有預定形狀，不受限地諸如長 方形、菱形、圓形、圓柱形及/或正方形，以改良至管束78 15 201211479 之冷凍劑流。任何適合之形狀可用於外殼，只要冷凍劑流 106可維持通過外殼。入口（未示出）可位於外殼之上部份或 於外殼之端部。分配裝置130 ’諸如，噴嘴、孔洞，開口’ 包含溝槽式開口，有時稱為狹縫，可形成或設置於外殼之 底部、側部，或其它適合位置，以使冷凍劑110流至管束78 上。若多數個分配裝置130形成或設置於外殼，分配裝置130 亦可接近在一起而形成或設置。分配裝置130可以一策略性 有組織之圖案配置，或分配裝置130可沿著外殼以變化式或 分散式之圖案配置。於一實施例，分散式圖案之分配裝置 130包含無規圖案之分配裝置。 分配裝置130可相對於外殼之側邊呈一角度而形成，諸 如，於一平坦表面形成之V-形凹痕，其中，此V-形凹痕可 與此表面呈垂直而定向。於一實施例，V-形凹痕可於一平 坦表面形成’其中，凹痕之中線係未與此表面呈垂直而定 向。另外，對於大有可能具有一連續表面之形狀，諸如， 圓形，諸如’圓形之圓柱體，V-形凹痕於此圓形可呈徑向 方向，其中’ V-形凹痕之中線可於與指引通過圓柱體之中 心軸之線平行之方向延伸，即使於其它實施例，v_形凹痕 之中線可能不與中心軸對齊。於另一配置，v_形凹痕可以 與圓柱體之中心軸垂直之方向而定向，諸如，第11圖所示。 需瞭解於另一實施例’ V_形凹痕可以相對於圓柱體之中心 軸或非圓形或非圓柱形之外殼之側邊係於一徑向位向之位 置與垂直位向之位置間之方向而定向。需瞭解凹痕可界定 非V-形之輪廊。 16 201211479 如第7-8圖所示，分配裝置130可與外殼148之長度實質 上垂直地配置。於一實施例’分配裝置130可藉由一切割工 具之刀片，諸如，具有一具有旋轉式刀片之切割工具’形 成，其中，分配裝置（藉由切割工具形成之開口）之方向可與 外殼中形成之開口之線性配置對齊。但是，於另一實施例’ 分配裝置130可相對於外殼之長度係實質上對齊地配置。於 另一實施例（未示出），分配裝置130可以非線性配置而置 放，且於另一實施例（未示出）’除分配裝置130係以非線性 配置而置放之外’外殼之形狀另可非線性延伸’諸如’曲 線。 若要的話，第7-16圖所示之外殼可含有各種分配裝置 130，以提供冷凍劑流至管束78。外殼可包含至少一係噴嘴 之分配裝置130，至少一係於外殼内形成之分配裝置130， 至少一與另一分配裝置130呈策略性圖案而配置之分配敦 置130 ’與另一分配裝置130係呈變化圖案或非圖案而配置 之另一分配裝置130 ’及/或係相對於另一分配裝置13〇或相 對於外殼之側邊係呈一角度而形成或置放之分配裝置 130，及其等之任何組合。換言之，分配裝置130可以提供 經施加之冷凍劑110均勻分配至管束78之方式而置放及形 成於外殼内，即使分配裝置13〇之配置包含於外殼上之各種 噴嘴、形成物，及圖案。經施加之冷凍劑11〇於管束78上之 均勻分配對管束78提供改良之熱轉移及冷卻。 相對之空間用辭，諸如，上、下、水平、倒置等，並 用以作為限制’而係用以助於瞭解此揭露内容而提供。 17 201211479 外殼之其它例示實施例可於外殼之上部份含有開口 (未示出），以使蒸汽冷凍劑自外殼流動。於一例示實施例， 分配裝置130可藉由一切割工具’諸如，一具有旋轉式刀片 或往復式刀片之切割工具，形成，或藉由其它方法，諸如， 壓製機，形成。例如，軸向之内部孔洞或開口可使用一鑽 頭或具有一圓形或錐形之端部之其它裝置於外殼鑽出。由 外殼之外側，内部孔洞之圓形或錐形端部可與具有V-形之 凹痕交叉。於另一例示實施例，分配裝置130可於外殼形成 最終形狀前於外殼形成。於此等分配裝置實施例之每一 者，外殼係由單一結構形成。即’諸如，於此等實施例， 外殼含有單一零件。 特別參考第7及8圖，外殼148係以倒置位置顯示，其具 有菱形截面。第9及10圖以倒置位置顯示外殼150，具有不 規則之六邊形截面。不規則六邊截面形狀可為相似於長方 形，具有呈角度之底角落，形成六邊形，而非長方形，如 第10圖所示。外殼148及150係位於管束（未示出）上，如此， 冷凍劑110可被施加至管束78以提供與管束（未示出）之熱轉 移。當位於管束78上，分配裝置130可置放於底表面上，或 換言之，分配裝置130對冷床劑106提供一流動路徑，如此， 冷凍劑106自外殼148及150向下流至管束上。分配裝置130 係以於外殼148及150形成而顯示。分配裝置130可為一個別 裝置，諸如，一喷嘴，且係於外殼148及150之製造期間或 之後置於外殼148及150内。分配裝置130係以具有實質上平 行之壁以對冷凍劑106提供流動路徑而顯示。分配裝置130 18 201211479 可具有非平行之壁，或用以提供冷凍劑106從外殼148及150 至管束78之流動路徑之任何其它適合形狀。於另一實施 例，外殼可非線性地延伸。第7、8、9，及1〇圖顯示三組於 外殼148及外殼150之每一底表面144形成之分配裝置130， 但是，任何適合數量之分配裝置130可形成或置於外殼148 及150以提供冷;東劑106至管束78之流動路徑。例如，外殼 150可含有沿外殼150之底角落形成之分配裝置130。外殼 148及150亦可於頂表面146含有開口（未示出），以提供蒸汽 冷凍劑由外殼148及150之通風。 特別參考第11圖，外殼152係以倒置位置顯示。第π圖 顯示具有一具圓形截面之圓柱形之外殼152，但是，外殼152 可具有任何適合形狀，具有任何適合截面，諸如，此間揭 露之任何其它實施例之形狀及截面。外殼152係位於管束 (未示出）上，如此，冷凍劑110可施加至管束78，以提供與 管束（未示出）之熱轉移。當位於管束78上，分配裝置可置放 於底表面上，或換言之，分配裝置130對冷凍劑1〇6提供一 流動路徑，如此，冷凍劑1〇6從外殼152向下流至管束78上。 分配裝置130可位於外殼152上之任何適合位置，例如，側 表面。另外，對於大有可能具有一連續表面之形狀，諸如， 圓形’分配裝置13〇可置放於沿著外殼周圍之不同位置。冷 凍劑106流經外殼丨52，且至少一部份之冷凍劑106通過分配 裝置130且至管束78上。 分配裝置130係以於外殼152形成而顯示，但是，分配 裝置130可為一個別裝置，諸如’ 一噴嘴，且於製造期間或 201211479 之後置於外殼152。分配裝置13〇係以形成V-形切口或v-凹 痕’或垂直圓端銑刀之切口或凹痕而顯示，但是，分配裝 置130可具有用以提供冷凍劑1〇6由外殼130至管束78之流 動路徑之任何其它適合形狀，諸如，第12及13圖所示之分 配裝置。第12圖顯示一具有於外殼154形成一具有比第^圖 所示之分配裝置130更窄之開口之水平V-形切口或凹痕之 分配裝置130。特別參考第13圖，外殼156係顯示具有一形 成具有實質上平行之側邊之水平鋸切口之分配裝置13〇。第 11、12及13圖顯示之外殼152，154，及156可具有任何其它 適合形狀之分配裝置130形成，以提供冷凍劑1〇6由外殼 152，154，及156至管束78之流動路徑。 特別參考第14圖’第14圖顯示相似於第η，12，及13 圖所示之外殼152，154，及156之倒置之外殼158。但是， 第14圖顯示外殼158具有長方形或正方形之截面。外殼158 可具有具任何適合截面之任何適合形狀，諸如此間所揭露 之任何其它實施例之形狀及截面。第14圖顯示一於正方形 之下角落之每一者形成V-形切口或V-凹痕之分配裝置 13〇，即使分配裝置130可具有實質上平行之壁，如第15圖 之外殼160所形成者顯示般。第14及15圖所示之外殼158及 160可具有任何其它適合形狀之分配裝置13〇形成，以提供 冷康劑106由外殼1S8及160至管束之流動路徑。分配裝置 130亦可形成或位於外殼w及膽之其它區域上，且非僅如 第14及15圖所示般於下角落。 特別參考第16圖’外殼162係相似於第7' u、12、13、 20 201211479 14 ,及15圖所示之外殼。外殼162係呈一具有菱形截面之倒 置位置。分配裝置係以於外殼162於菱形之底角表面上形成 而顯示’或換言之’分配裝置130提供冷凍劑106一流動路 徑，如此，冷凍劑106自外殼162向下流至管束78上。分配 裝置130亦可位於外殼162上之任何適合位置，例如，側邊。 冷凍劑106流經外殼162，且至少一部份之冷凍劑106通過分 配裝置130且至管束78上。分配裝置130係以於外殼丨62形成 而顯示’但是，分配裝置130可為一個別裝置，諸如，一喷 嘴，且被置於外殼162。分配裝置130係以形成水平V-形切 口或V-凹痕而顯示，但是，分配裝置130可具有實質上平行 之壁，或任何其它適合形狀之形成，以提供冷凍劑106由外 殼162至管束78之流動路徑。第16圖可含有任何數量之形成 於外殼162之分配裝置130’以提供冷凍劑106至管束78之 流動路徑。 雖然分配裝置130可與外殼之水平軸呈實質上為45度 而形成，分配裝置130可與水平軸呈不同於45度之任何角度 而形成，以液體分配至管束。換言之’分配裝置之一側可 相對於外殼之一表面或相對於外殼之方向（或長度）呈0與90 度間之任何角度而形成。 雖然僅本發明之某些特徵及實施例被顯示及說明，許 多修改及改變於未實質上偏離申請專利範圍中所述之標的 之新穎教示及優點可於熟習此項技藝者發生（例如，各種元 件之尺寸、尺寸、結構、形狀及比例，參數(例如，溫度、 壓力等）之值，置放之配置，材料使用，顏色，位向等之改 21 201211479 變）。任何程序或方法之步驟之次序或順列可依據另外實施 例而改變或重新訂順序。因此，需瞭解所附申請專利範圍 係意欲用以涵蓋落於本發明真正精神内之所有此等修改及 變化。再者，於提供例示實施例之簡明描述之努力，一實 際操作之所有特徵可能未被描述（即，與現今被思及之實行 本發明之最佳模式無關者，或與實施所請求發明無關者）。 需瞭解於發展任何此等實際操作，如於任何工程或設計之 計劃般，多種實施特別決定可被為之。此一發展之努力可 能係複雜且費時，然而，對於具有此揭露内容之利益之熟 習此項技藝者於無過度實驗下係一例行進行之設計、製 作，及製造。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖顯示一加熱、通風及空調之系統之一例示實施 例0 第2圖顯示一例示蒸汽壓縮系統之等角視圖。 第3及4圖係示意例示蒸汽壓縮系統之例示實施例。 第5A圖顯示一例示蒸發器之分解部份剖視圖。 第5B圖顯示第5A圖之蒸發器之頂等角視圖。 第5C圖顯示沿第5B圖之線5-5取得之蒸發器之截面圖。 第6A圖顯示一例示蒸發器之頂等角圖。 第6 B及6 C圖顯示沿第6 A圖之線6 - 6取得之蒸發器之截 面圖。 第7圖顯示一分配裝置之一倒置外殼之例示實施例。 第8圖顯示沿第7圖之線8-8取得之外殼之截面圖。 22 201211479 第9圖顯示一分配裝置之一倒置外殼之例示實施例。 第10圖顯示沿第9圖之線10-10取得之外殼之截面圖。 第11圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之例示實施 例。 第12圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 第13圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 第14圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 第15圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 第16圖顯示一具一分配裝置之倒置外殼之另一例示實 施例。 【主要元件符號說明】 34.. .冷凝機 36.. .膨脹裝置 38.. .液體冷卻器或蒸發器 40.. .控制面板 42.. .類比數位轉換器 44…微處理器 46.. .非揮發性記憶體 48.. .界面板 50.. .馬達 10.. .加熱、通風及空調系統 12.. .建築物 14.. .蒸汽壓縮系統 16.. .銷爐 18.. .空氣返回管 20.. .空氣供應管 22.. .空氣處理器 24.. .導管 32.. .壓縮機 23 201211479 52...變速驅動器 100...通道 54...管束 102...槽 56...冷卻塔 104·.·出口 60S...供應管線 106...液體及/或蒸汽冷凍劑 60R...回流管線 110...冷凍劑 62...冷卻負載 112...調節裝置 64...中間迴路 114...管線 66...膨脹裝置 116...撐體 68...入口管線 128…蒸發器 70...中間容器 130…分配裝置 72...管線 138…蒸發器 74...管線 140...管束 76…殼 144...底表面 78...管束 146...頂表面 80...分配器 148..·外殼 82...液體冷凍劑 150...外殼 84...泵 152...外殼 86...篷罩 154...外殼 88...上端部 156...外殼 92...壁 158...外殼 94...開口端部 160...外殼 96...蒸汽冷凍劑 162...外殼 98...延伸部 24The liquid delivered to evaporator 38 is cold; the east agent absorbs heat from the same type of fluid that may or may not be the same as the fluid used in condenser 34, and undergoes phase change to cold (tetra) steam. In the illustrated embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the evaporator _ contains a bundle of tubes having a supply line 60S and a return line 60R connected to the -cooling negative 2 . The treatment fluid, for example, water, ethylene glycol, calcium chloride 201211479 brine, vaporized sodium brine, or any other suitable liquid, enters evaporator 38 via return line 60R and exits the evaporator via supply line 6 〇s. The evaporator 38 cools the temperature of the treatment fluid within the tube. The tube bundle within evaporator 38 can include a plurality of tubes and a plurality of tube bundles. The vapor refrigerant exits the evaporator 38 and is returned to the compressor 32 by a suction line to complete the cycle. Figure 4, similar to Figure 3, shows a refrigerant circuit having an intermediate circuit 64 that can be accommodated between the condenser 34 and the expansion device 36 to provide increased cooling capacity, efficiency, and performance. The intermediate circuit 64 has an inlet line 68 that can be directly connected to or in fluid communication with the condenser 34. As shown, the inlet line 68 contains an expansion device located upstream of an intermediate container 70. In the illustrated embodiment, the intermediate container 70 can be a flash tank, also known as a flash inlet cooler. In another exemplary embodiment, the intermediate container 7 can be constructed as a heat exchanger or an 11 surface economizer. In the flash inlet cooler configuration, a first expansion device 66 operates to reduce the pressure of the liquid received from the condenser 34. During the expansion process in the flash air intake cooler, a portion of the liquid evaporates. The intermediate barn 70 can be used to separate the vaporized vapor from the liquid received from the condenser. The vaporized liquid can be directed to an orifice via the pilot line 74 by the compressor 32 at a pressure intermediate between suction and discharge or during intermediate stages of compression. The unvaporized liquid is cooled by the expansion process and collected at the bottom of the intermediate vessel 70, during which time the liquid is recovered and is passed through a line 72 of the package 3 - expansion means 36 to the main evaporator 38. The surface air intake cooler " configuration, as is known to those skilled in the art, is somewhat different. The intermediate circuit 64 can operate in a manner similar to that described above, but instead of receiving the entire amount of the condensing machine, the 201211479 cold bed agent 'intermediate circuit 64 receives only the portion of the self-condensing machine 34 as shown in FIG. The cold sizing agent 'and the remaining cold; the east agent travels directly to the % of the volatility device. The 5A-5C drawings are not constructed as "hybrid falling film type, and the evaporator of the evaporator is exemplified. As shown in Figures 5A-5C, the evaporator 138 includes a substantially cylindrical (four) shell 76 having a plurality of tubes forming a tube bundle 78 extending substantially horizontally along the length of the shell %. At least the support 116 can be placed inside the housing 76 to support a plurality of tubes of the tube bundle 78. - Suitable for a fluid, such as water, acetylene, ethylene glycol, or vaporized calcium brine, flowing through the tube of tube bundle 78. The distribution II' placed on the official bundle 78 is cold from a plurality of locations; the east dose ιι is deposited or applied to the tube of tube bundle 78. By way of example, the cold (4) deposited by the distributor 8 can be all liquid cold; the east agent, even in the other exemplary embodiment, is cooled by the distribution of H8G; the east agent can contain liquid cold; And steam cold; East agent. A liquid cold sizing agent that flows around the tube of the tube bundle 78 without change is collected in the lower portion of the shell 76. The collected (4) cold; the east shot forms a pool or storage tank for the liquid refrigerant. The deposition location of the dispense 1180 can include any combination of longitudinal or lateral positions relative to the bundle Μ. In another exemplary embodiment, the deposition location of the dispenser 80 is not limited to deposition on the tube above the tube bundle. Dispenser 8〇 can include borrowing *cold; east-distributed source supply (four) mouth. In an exemplary embodiment, the source of the dispersion is a tube that is connected to a cold (four), such as a condenser 34. The nozzle contains a spray nozzle, but also includes a mechanical opening: which directs or directs the cold sizing agent onto the surface of the tube. The nozzle can apply a cold to the predetermined pattern 'such as 'spray pattern'; the east agent, the cover of the f-beam 78. The tube of the tube bundle 78 can be used to hang the red @the surface of the tube, and the liquid cold bundle 9 201211479 to form a droplet or, in some cases, a curtain or a sheet of liquid refrigerant at the bottom of the tube surface to promote the refrigerant The flow. The formed sheet promotes the wetting of the surface of the tube. This promotes the heat transfer efficiency between the fluid flowing inside the tube of tube bundle 78 and the refrigerant flowing around the surface of the tube of tube bundle 78. In the pool of liquid cryogen 82, a tube bundle 140 can be impregnated or at least partially impregnated' to provide additional thermal energy transfer between the cryogen and the treatment fluid to evaporate the pool of liquid cryogen 82. In an exemplary embodiment, tube bundle 78 can be placed at least partially above tube bundle 140 (i.e., at least partially superposed thereon). In an exemplary embodiment, the evaporator 138 is coupled to a two-stage system in which the process fluid to be cooled flows prior to the interior of the tube of the tube bundle 140 and then directed to the interior of the tube of the tube bundle 78 to form a bundle with the tube bundle The flow within 140 flows in the opposite direction. In the second stage of the two-stage system, the temperature of the fluid flowing in the tube bundle 78 is lowered, and therefore, a smaller amount is required to obtain the desired temperature of the treatment fluid and the refrigerant flowing on the surface of the tube bundle 78. Heat transfer. It will be appreciated that while a two-stage system in which the first segment is associated with tube bundle 140 and the second segment is associated with tube bundle 78 is described, other configurations are contemplated. For example, evaporator 138 may incorporate a one-stage system in which process stream system flows through tube bundle 140 and tube bundle 78 in the same direction. Alternatively, evaporator 138 may incorporate a three-stage system in which the two sections are associated with tube bundle 140 and the remaining sections are associated with tube bundle 78, or one of which is associated with tube bundle 140 and the remaining two sections are associated with tube bundle 78. Further, the evaporator 138 can be incorporated into a two-stage system wherein a length is associated with the tube bundle 78 and the tube bundle 140 and the second portion is associated with the tube bundle 78 and the tube bundle 140. In the exemplary embodiment, tube bundle 78 is 10 201211479 placed at least partially south of tube bundle 140' and has a gap separating tube bundle 78 from the tube bundle. In another exemplary embodiment, the hood 86 is stacked on the tube bundle 78 and the hood 86 extends toward the gap and terminates in the vicinity thereof. In summary, the number of stages in which one stage can be associated with one or both of tube bundle 78 and tube bundle 140 is considered. A housing or hood 86 is placed over the tube bundle 78 to substantially avoid cross-flow, i.e., lateral flow of vapor cryogen or liquid and vapor cryogen 106 between the tubes of tube bundle 78. The hood 86 is placed on the tube of the tube bundle 78 and is flanked. The hood 86 includes an upper end portion 88 that is placed adjacent the upper portion of the housing 76. The dispenser 80 can be placed between the canopy 86 and the tube bundle 78. In another exemplary embodiment, the dispenser 80 can be placed adjacent to, but external to, the hood 86 such that the dispenser 80 is not disposed between the hood 86 and the tube bundle 78. However, even if the dispenser 8 is not placed between the hood 86 and the tube bundle 78. The nozzle of the dispenser 80 is still constructed to direct or apply the refrigerant to the surface of the tube. The upper end portion 88 of the hood 86 is constructed to avoid the application of the cold agent 11 〇 and the partially evaporated cold agent flow, that is, to avoid liquid and/or steam cooling;; the east agent 1 〇 6 direct flow To the exit 104. Conversely, the applied refrigerant 〇1〇 and the refrigerant 〇6 are limited by the hood and, more particularly, are forced between the walls 92 before the refrigerant can exit through the open end 94 of the hood 86. Run down. The vapor cryogen 96 stream surrounding the canopy 86 also contains vaporized refrigerant flowing away from the pool of liquid cryogen 82. It is to be understood that the exemplifications of the above-described embodiments are not limited. For example, the hood 86 can be rotated relative to other hair expander assemblies previously discussed, i.e., the hood 86 containing the wall 92 is not limited to the vertical direction of 201211479. When the hood 86 is fully rotated about an axis substantially parallel to the tube of the tube bundle 78, the hood 86 may no longer be considered to be "on," or "side adjacent" the tube of tube bundle 78. Similarly, The "upper" end 88 of the hood 86 may no longer be adjacent to the "upper" portion of the shell 76, and other exemplary embodiments are not limited to this configuration between the hood and the shell. For example, the embodiment of the hood 86 After terminating the tube bundle 78, even in another exemplary embodiment, the hood 86 extends further after covering the tube bundle 78 to the hood 86 forcing the cold lubricant 1 〇 6 between the walls 92 downwardly and through the open end 94. The post-steam refrigerant is abruptly changed in direction from the lower portion of the shell 76 from above the shell 76 in the space between the shell 76 and the wall 92. In combination with gravity, a sudden additional change in flow causes a proportion of any arrest. The collected cryogen drops collide with the liquid cryogen 82 or shell 76, whereby the drops are removed from the flow of the vapor cryogen 96. Again, along the length of the hood 86 between the walls 92. The refrigerant mist coalesces into a larger droplet that is easier to separate by gravity , or maintain close enough to or in contact with the tube bundle 78 to evaporate the refrigerant mist by heat transfer with the tube bundle. Because of the increased droplet size, the efficiency of the liquid separation by gravity is improved, allowing for an upward rate of vapor freezing. The agent 96 flows through the evaporator in the space between the wall 9 2 and the shell 76. The vapor refrigerant 96 flows through a pair of self-walls 92 either from the open end 94 or from the pool of liquid cryogen 82. Adjacent to the extension 98 of the upper end portion 88, and entering a passage 100. Before the outlet 1〇4 leaves the evaporator 138, the vapor refrigerant 96 passes through the space between the end of the extension portion 98 and the space of the casing 76. Into the channel 100. In another exemplary embodiment, instead of the tank 1〇2, the vapor refrigerant % may enter the channel 1 via an opening or aperture formed by the extension 98. In another 12 201211479 exemplified embodiment, the tank 102 may Formed by the space between the hood 86 and the shell 76, i.e., the hood 86 does not contain the extension 98. Alternatively, once the refrigerant 1〇6 exits the hood 86, the vapor refrigerant 96 follows its trailing edge. The prescribed passage flows from the lower portion of the casing 76 to the upper portion of the casing 76. An exemplary embodiment 'is substantially symmetrical between the hood 86 and the surface of the shell 76 before reaching the exit port 1-4. In an exemplary embodiment, a baffle, such as the extension 98, is disposed adjacent the evaporator outlet. To avoid direct passage of the vapor cryogen 96 to the compressor inlet. In the illustrated embodiment, the canopy 86 includes opposing substantially parallel walls 92. In another illustrative embodiment, the wall 92 can extend substantially perpendicularly, And terminating at an open end 94 that is substantially opposite the upper end 88. The upper end 88 and the wall 92 are placed closely adjacent to the tube bundle 78, and the wall % extends toward the lower portion of the housing to substantially laterally abut Tube of tube bundle 78. In an exemplary embodiment, the wall 92 can be spaced between the tubes of the tube bundle 78 by about 英 2 inches (1) 5 mm) and about 8 inches (20 mm). In another illustrative embodiment, wall 92 can be associated with a tube bundle? The tube is separated by about 0_1 inches (3 111111) and about 2 inches (5 sides). However, the spacing between the upper end of the tube and the tube of tube bundle 78 can be significantly greater than that of the second leaf (5 mm) to provide sufficient spacing between the distributor and the end of the canopy. In an exemplary embodiment in which the wall 92 of the hood 86 is substantially parallel and the shell-cylindrical shape, the wall 92 may also be symmetrical with respect to an intermediate vertical symmetry plane of the shell that divides the space of the partition wall 92. As exemplified; the embodiment' wall 92 need not extend vertically through the tube below the tube bundle 78. The wall 92 is also preferably planar because the wall 92 can be curved or have other non-planar shapes. The specific structure of the seat, the canopy turned to the cold; _ 1G 峨 罩 86 86 13 13 13 13 13 13 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 Figures 6A-6C show an exemplary embodiment of an evaporator constructed as "falling film" evaporator i 28. As shown in Figures 6A-6C, the evaporator 128 is similar to the evaporator 138 shown in Figures 5A-5C, but the evaporator ι 28 does not contain the tube bundle 140 in the pool of refrigerant 82 collected in the lower portion of the casing. In the illustrated embodiment, the hood 86 terminates after covering the tube bundle 78. Even in another exemplary embodiment, the hood 86 extends further toward the pool of refrigerant 82 after covering the tube bundle 78. In another exemplary embodiment, the hood 86 is terminated such that the hood does not completely cover the bundle, i.e., substantially covers the bundle. As shown in Figures 6B and 6C, the pump 84 can be used to circulate the pool of liquid cryogen 82 from the lower portion of the shell 76 via line U4 to the distributor 8A as further shown in Figure 6B, which can include an adjustment device. 112, which may be in fluid communication with a condenser (not shown). In another exemplary embodiment, an ejector (not shown) can be used to cool the liquid using a pressurized chiller from the condensing unit 34; the ampule 82 is drawn from the lower portion of the housing 76 by white Hard (Bern〇um) effect operation. The injector combines the functions of the adjustment device 112 and the pump 84. In one exemplary embodiment, one of the tubes or bundles can be defined by a plurality of vertically and horizontally aligned tubes forming a substantially spaced apart tube that can be substantially rectangular in profile. However, a stacked configuration of tube bundles can be used where the tube systems are not vertically or horizontally aligned and the configurations are not evenly spaced. In another exemplary embodiment, different tube bundle configurations are contemplated. For example, a fin tube (not shown) can be used for the tube bundle, such as along the uppermost horizontal or uppermost portion of the tube bundle. In addition to the possibility of using fin tubes, tubes developed for more efficient operation of pool boiling applications, such as 14 201211479 •• flooding “evaporator” can also be used. Also 'or fin combination' porosity The coating may also be applied to the outer surface of the tube of the tube bundle. In another exemplary embodiment, the cross-sectional profile of the evaporator shell may be non-circular. In an exemplary embodiment, a portion of the hood may extend partially to the shell. In addition, the expansion function of the expansion device of system 14 can be incorporated into dispenser 80. In an exemplary embodiment, a second expansion device is used. An expansion device is presented to the spray nozzle of dispenser 80. A preliminary portion of the east agent can be provided by a spray nozzle provider located inside the evaporator, another expansion device, for example, an expansion device 36. In an exemplary embodiment, the other expansion device 'i.e., the non-spray nozzle expansion device can be controlled by the level of liquid cryogen 82 in the evaporator to address operating conditions, such as evaporation and condensation pressures, and partial cooling load changes. Illustrative Embodiment, the expansion device may be by the level of the liquid cryogen within the condenser, or in another exemplary embodiment, 'by' flash economizer, • the control vessel. In an exemplary embodiment, most of the expansion can occur at the nozzle, which provides a greater pressure differential while allowing the nozzle to have a reduced size, thereby reducing the size and cost of the nozzle. Figures 7-16 show the individual housing or housing 148 of the dispenser, 丨5〇, 152 '154' 156 '158' 16''. For the sake of simplicity, the term "shell" may be used at least to refer to any of the illustrative embodiments illustrated in Figures 7-16 or described in this disclosure. The outer casing may have a predetermined shape, such as, without limitation, a rectangle, a diamond, Round, cylindrical and/or square to improve the flow of refrigerant to tube bundle 78 15 201211479. Any suitable shape can be used for the outer casing as long as the refrigerant stream 106 can be maintained through the outer casing. The inlet (not shown) can be located in the outer casing. The upper portion or the end of the outer casing. The dispensing device 130 'such as the nozzle, the hole, the opening' includes a grooved opening, sometimes referred to as a slit, which may be formed or disposed at the bottom, side, or other suitable The position is such that the cryogen 110 flows onto the tube bundle 78. If a plurality of dispensing devices 130 are formed or disposed in the outer casing, the dispensing devices 130 can also be formed or disposed in close proximity. The dispensing device 130 can be configured in a strategically organized pattern. Or the dispensing device 130 can be configured in a varying or decentralized pattern along the outer casing. In one embodiment, the distributed pattern dispensing device 130 includes a random pattern dispensing device The dispensing device 130 can be formed at an angle relative to the sides of the outer casing, such as a V-shaped indentation formed on a flat surface, wherein the V-shaped indentations can be oriented perpendicular to the surface. For example, a V-shaped indentation may be formed on a flat surface where the line among the indentations is not oriented perpendicular to the surface. In addition, for a shape that is likely to have a continuous surface, such as a circle, such as a circular cylinder in which the V-shaped indentations may be in a radial direction, wherein the line of the 'V-shaped indentation may extend in a direction parallel to a line directed through the central axis of the cylinder, even if In other embodiments, the line of the v-shaped indentation may not be aligned with the central axis. In another configuration, the v-shaped indentation may be oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the cylinder, such as shown in FIG. It is to be understood that in another embodiment, the V-shaped indentation may be in a radial position and a vertical position relative to the central axis of the cylinder or the side of the non-circular or non-cylindrical outer casing. Orientation in the direction of the direction. Need to know that the dent can define a non-V-shaped wheel gallery 16 201211479 As shown in Figures 7-8, the dispensing device 130 can be disposed substantially perpendicular to the length of the outer casing 148. In one embodiment, the dispensing device 130 can be rotated by a blade of a cutting tool, such as The cutting tool of the blade is formed, wherein the direction of the dispensing device (the opening formed by the cutting tool) can be aligned with the linear configuration of the opening formed in the outer casing. However, in another embodiment, the dispensing device 130 can be opposite the outer casing The lengths are configured in substantially aligned alignment. In another embodiment (not shown), the dispensing device 130 can be placed in a non-linear configuration, and in another embodiment (not shown), the dispensing device 130 is non-linear. Outside of the configuration, the shape of the outer casing may alternatively be non-linearly extended, such as a curve. If desired, the outer casing shown in Figures 7-16 may contain various dispensing devices 130 to provide flow of refrigerant to the tube bundle 78. The housing may include at least one type of nozzle dispensing device 130, at least one of the dispensing devices 130 formed in the housing, and at least one of the dispensing device 130 disposed in a strategic pattern with the other dispensing device 130. Another dispensing device 130' configured in a varying pattern or non-pattern and/or dispensing device 130 formed or placed at an angle relative to the other dispensing device 13 or relative to the side edges of the outer casing, and/or Any combination of these. In other words, the dispensing device 130 can be disposed and formed within the outer casing by the manner in which the applied cryogen 110 is evenly distributed to the tube bundle 78, even if the dispensing device 13 is configured to include various nozzles, formations, and patterns on the outer casing. The uniform distribution of the applied cryogen 11 on the tube bundle 78 provides improved heat transfer and cooling to the tube bundle 78. Relative spatial terms, such as upper, lower, horizontal, inverted, etc., are used as limitations to provide for assistance in understanding this disclosure. 17 201211479 Other exemplary embodiments of the outer casing may include openings (not shown) in the upper portion of the outer casing to allow vapor refrigerant to flow from the outer casing. In an exemplary embodiment, dispensing device 130 can be formed by a cutting tool such as a cutting tool having a rotary blade or a reciprocating blade, or by other methods, such as a press. For example, the axial internal bore or opening can be drilled into the housing using a drill head or other means having a rounded or tapered end. From the outside of the outer casing, the rounded or tapered end of the inner bore may intersect the indentation having a V-shape. In another illustrative embodiment, the dispensing device 130 can be formed from the outer casing prior to forming the final shape of the outer casing. In each of these dispensing device embodiments, the outer casing is formed from a unitary structure. That is, such as in these embodiments, the outer casing contains a single piece. With particular reference to Figures 7 and 8, the outer casing 148 is shown in an inverted position with a diamond shaped cross section. Figures 9 and 10 show the outer casing 150 in an inverted position with an irregular hexagonal cross section. The irregular hexagonal cross-sectional shape may be similar to a rectangular shape with an angled bottom corner forming a hexagon rather than a rectangle, as shown in FIG. Housings 148 and 150 are located on a tube bundle (not shown) such that cryogen 110 can be applied to tube bundle 78 to provide thermal transfer to the tube bundle (not shown). When located on the tube bundle 78, the dispensing device 130 can be placed on the bottom surface, or in other words, the dispensing device 130 provides a flow path to the cold bed agent 106 such that the cryogen 106 flows downwardly from the outer casings 148 and 150 onto the tube bundle. Dispensing device 130 is shown formed by housings 148 and 150. Dispensing device 130 can be a separate device, such as a nozzle, and disposed within housings 148 and 150 during or after manufacture of housings 148 and 150. Dispensing device 130 is shown with a substantially parallel wall to provide a flow path for cryogen 106. The dispensing device 130 18 201211479 can have non-parallel walls or any other suitable shape to provide a flow path for the cryogen 106 from the outer shells 148 and 150 to the tube bundle 78. In another embodiment, the outer casing can extend non-linearly. Figures 7, 8, 9, and 1 show three sets of dispensing devices 130 formed on each of the bottom surface 144 of the outer casing 148 and outer casing 150, however, any suitable number of dispensing devices 130 can be formed or placed in the outer casings 148 and 150. To provide a cold; east agent 106 to tube bundle 78 flow path. For example, the outer casing 150 can include a dispensing device 130 formed along the bottom corner of the outer casing 150. The outer casings 148 and 150 may also include openings (not shown) in the top surface 146 to provide venting of the vapor refrigerant from the outer casings 148 and 150. With particular reference to Figure 11, the outer casing 152 is shown in an inverted position. The π-ray shows a cylindrical outer casing 152 having a circular cross-section, however, the outer casing 152 can have any suitable shape, with any suitable cross-section, such as the shape and cross-section of any other embodiment disclosed herein. Housing 152 is located on a tube bundle (not shown) such that cryogen 110 can be applied to tube bundle 78 to provide thermal transfer to a tube bundle (not shown). When located on the tube bundle 78, the dispensing device can be placed on the bottom surface, or in other words, the dispensing device 130 provides a flow path for the cryogen 1〇6 such that the cryogen 1〇6 flows down from the outer casing 152 onto the tube bundle 78. Dispensing device 130 can be located at any suitable location on housing 152, such as a side surface. Additionally, for shapes that are likely to have a continuous surface, such as a circular ' dispensing device 13 can be placed at various locations along the periphery of the housing. The cryogen 106 flows through the outer casing 52 and at least a portion of the cryogen 106 passes through the dispensing device 130 and onto the tube bundle 78. Dispensing device 130 is shown for housing 152 formation, however, dispensing device 130 can be a separate device, such as a 'nozzle, and placed in housing 152 during manufacture or after 201211479. The dispensing device 13 is shown as forming a V-shaped slit or v-notch' or a slit or indentation of a vertical round end mill, however, the dispensing device 130 can have a supply of the refrigerant 1 to 6 from the outer casing 130 to Any other suitable shape of the flow path of the tube bundle 78, such as the dispensing device shown in Figures 12 and 13. Fig. 12 shows a dispensing device 130 having a horizontal V-shaped cut or dent formed in the outer casing 154 to form a narrower opening than the dispensing device 130 of the first embodiment. Referring particularly to Figure 13, the outer casing 156 is shown having a dispensing device 13A that forms a horizontal saw cut having substantially parallel sides. The outer casings 152, 154, and 156 shown in Figures 11, 12 and 13 can be formed with any other suitable shape of the dispensing device 130 to provide a flow path for the refrigerant 1 〇 6 from the outer casings 152, 154, and 156 to the tube bundle 78. Referring specifically to Fig. 14, Fig. 14 shows an inverted housing 158 similar to housings 152, 154, and 156 shown in Figs. However, Fig. 14 shows that the outer casing 158 has a rectangular or square cross section. Housing 158 can have any suitable shape with any suitable cross-section, such as the shape and cross-section of any other embodiment disclosed herein. Figure 14 shows a dispensing device 13A forming a V-shaped slit or V-dent in each of the lower corners of the square, even though the dispensing device 130 can have substantially parallel walls, such as the outer casing 160 of Figure 15. The creator shows the same. The outer casings 158 and 160 shown in Figures 14 and 15 can be formed with any other suitable shape of the dispensing means 13 to provide a flow path for the cooling agent 106 from the outer casings 1S8 and 160 to the tube bundle. The dispensing device 130 can also be formed or located on the outer casing w and other regions of the bladder, and is not only in the lower corners as shown in Figures 14 and 15. With particular reference to Figure 16, the outer casing 162 is similar to the outer casing shown in Figures 7'u, 12, 13, 20 201211479 14 and 15 . The outer casing 162 is in an inverted position having a diamond shaped cross section. The dispensing device is formed such that the outer casing 162 is formed on the bottom corner surface of the diamond to indicate 'or in other words' the dispensing device 130 provides a flow path for the refrigerant 106 such that the cryogen 106 flows downwardly from the outer casing 162 onto the tube bundle 78. Dispensing device 130 can also be located at any suitable location on housing 162, such as a side edge. The refrigerant 106 flows through the outer casing 162 and at least a portion of the refrigerant 106 passes through the dispensing device 130 and onto the tube bundle 78. The dispensing device 130 is shown for the housing 丨 62 to be formed 'however, the dispensing device 130 can be a separate device, such as a nozzle, and placed in the housing 162. Dispensing device 130 is shown as forming a horizontal V-shaped slit or V-dent, however, dispensing device 130 can have substantially parallel walls, or any other suitable shape to provide cryogen 106 from outer shell 162 to tube bundle The flow path of 78. Figure 16 can contain any number of dispensing devices 130' formed in the outer casing 162 to provide a flow path for the refrigerant 106 to the tube bundle 78. While the dispensing device 130 can be formed at substantially 45 degrees to the horizontal axis of the housing, the dispensing device 130 can be formed at any angle different from the horizontal axis by 45 degrees to distribute the liquid to the tube bundle. In other words, one side of the dispensing device can be formed at any angle between 0 and 90 degrees with respect to the surface of one of the outer casings or with respect to the direction (or length) of the outer casing. While only certain features and embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, the various modifications and changes may be apparent to those skilled in the art. Dimensions, dimensions, structure, shape and proportion of components, values of parameters (eg temperature, pressure, etc.), placement configuration, material usage, color, orientation, etc. 21 201211479 change). The order or sequence of steps of any program or method may be changed or re-ordered in accordance with additional embodiments. Therefore, it is to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and modifications Furthermore, in an effort to provide a concise description of the illustrated embodiments, all features of an actual operation may not be described (i.e., unrelated to the best mode contemplated by the present invention or practiced. By). It is important to understand that in developing any such actual operations, such as any engineering or design plan, a variety of implementation specific decisions may be made. This development effort may be complex and time consuming, however, those skilled in the art having the benefit of this disclosure will be able to design, manufacture, and manufacture one of the embodiments without undue experimentation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 shows an example of a system for heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. Embodiment 0 Fig. 2 shows an isometric view of an exemplary vapor compression system. Figures 3 and 4 schematically illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a vapor compression system. Fig. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing an exploded portion of an example of the evaporator. Figure 5B shows a top isometric view of the evaporator of Figure 5A. Figure 5C shows a cross-sectional view of the evaporator taken along line 5-5 of Figure 5B. Fig. 6A shows an example isometric view of the evaporator. Figures 6B and 6C show cross-sectional views of the evaporator taken along line 6-6 of Figure 6A. Figure 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of an inverted housing of one of the dispensing devices. Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of the outer casing taken along line 8-8 of Figure 7. 22 201211479 Figure 9 shows an exemplary embodiment of an inverted housing of one of the dispensing devices. Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of the outer casing taken along line 10-10 of Figure 9. Figure 11 shows an illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Figure 12 shows another illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Figure 13 shows another illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Figure 14 shows another illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Figure 15 shows another illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. Figure 16 shows another illustrative embodiment of an inverted housing with a dispensing device. [Main component symbol description] 34.. Condenser 36.. Expansion device 38.. Liquid cooler or evaporator 40.. Control panel 42.. Analog converter 44...Microprocessor 46.. Non-volatile memory 48.. Interface board 50.. Motor 10.. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system 12.. Building 14... Vapor compression system 16.. Pin furnace 18.. Air return pipe 20.. Air supply pipe 22.. Air handler 24.. conduit 32.. Compressor 23 201211479 52... Variable speed drive 100... Channel 54... Tube bundle 102... Tank 56...cooling tower 104·.exit 60S...supply line 106...liquid and/or steam cryogen 60R...return line 110...refrigerant 62...cooling load 112.. Adjustment device 64... intermediate circuit 114... line 66... expansion device 116... support 68... inlet line 128... evaporator 70... intermediate container 130... dispensing device 72... Line 138...Evaporator 74...Line 140...Tube 76...Shell 144...Bottom surface 78...Tube 146...Top surface 80...Distributor 148..·Enclosure 82... Liquid refrigerant 150... outer casing 84... pump 152... outer casing 86... hood 154... outer casing 88...upper end 156...housing 92...wall 158...housing 94...open end 160...shell 96...steam refrigerant 162...shell 98...extending Department 24