201145777 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種反向器（inverter，有多種稱法’如 反向器、反相器、反換器、換流器、變頻器等等，本文中 稱為反向器），尤指關於在平滑電容（capacitor)使用薄膜 電容（film capacitor)的反向器者。 【先前技術】 在生成具有開關（switching，有稱為轉接、交換的情 形）電路的主電路的直流電源的轉換器（c〇nverter)為二極 體電橋（diode bridge)所構成的反向器中，平滑出現於直 流匯流排導線電流的漣波（ripple)成分的平滑電容係連接 於匯流排導線間。當在該平滑電容使用大電容量的電解電 容時’直流匯流排導線中的諧波成分增大。因此，以抑制 該譜波為目的’為人所知有於平滑電容使用了小電容量薄 膜電容的反向器。 然而’在連接於反向器的直流匯流排導線的平滑電容 使用了薄膜電容時，由於薄膜電容係具有伴隨著因過電壓 或長年使用等所致的劣化的進展而其内部電阻增大的特 性’故發生由於增大的内部電阻造成的發熱燒毁損壞。從 而’於在平滑電容使用薄膜電容的反向器中，保護其不致 因為薄膜電容的劣化所致的發熱燒毀損壞的電路成為不可 或缺的要件。 (先前技術文獻） (專利文獻） 3 322237 201145777 專利文獻1 ·日本專利特開2GG8-61476號公報 專利文獻2 *日本專利特開2009-272233號公報 專利文獻3:曰★击 . 1=1本專利特開2008-17626號公報 【發明内容】 (發明欲解決之課題） —=於此問題，例如於專利文獻1中，提出有將薄膜電 、、&藉由熱敏電阻（thermistor)檢測而判定劣化，並 使反向器的輪，中@ _ 向器的輸出運作:停士的方法。但是，由於只是停止反 & 、 而於薄膜電容卻總是有轉換器輸出電流 "丨L此夕…、法構成對薄膜電容的保護。 卜於專利文獻2中，提出有藉由熱敏電阻檢 Π:，判定其劣化，而將反向器從交流電= =二=:=側設置有電開關 升。 T需要另外的控制電路’而招致成本的提 再者’於專利文獻3中係設置檢測直流匯 過電壓的過電壓保護電路，而並聯設置薄膜電Γ，導線的 壓保護迴路檢測出直流匯流排導線的過電壓時& ’當過電 閉合而使直流匯流排導線短路以保護_電容1使開關 提出有依據流通的突波電流使突波電流抑制電^同時’ 而斷線（燒毀）以切斷轉換器&薄膜電容間的方=器過負荷 於此方法中附加元件較多，且過電壓保護電/ 。但是， 雜，而致使成本的提升。 路的構造複 本發明係有鑑於上述問題所研創者， 〜目的為獲得〜 322237 4 201145777 種具備可透過廉價的構造確實地避免因為使狀平滑電容 專膜電容的劣化所致的發熱燒毁損壞的保護電路的反向 。 (解決課題的手段） 為了解決上述課題，並達成目的，本發明提供一種反 向器，當該反向器在將使轉換器部之輪出電流流入薄膜電 ^之電流路徑經由突波電流控制繼電器而形成之狀態下 如乍時，若由於薄膜電容器之劣化進展而使其溫度超過判 疋溫度，職餘路徑即切換I㈣突波電流抑制電阻号 之路徑。結果突波電流抑制電阻器即因焦耳熱而 ^ F 且斷轉換器部之輸出電流流入薄膜電容器，由 電容器免予因劣化而發熱燒損破損。 、 (發明的效果） 依據本發明，於將轉換器部的輸出電流流入薄膜 的電流路徑，經由突波電流抑制繼電“形成㈣_ ^ 轉時，當薄膜電容的劣化進展而上升的溫度變得^ 度高時’電流路徑即切換至經由突波電流抑制電 ^ 徑。結果’突波電流控制電阻器因為焦爾（J〇ule)線 將由轉換ϋ部流人至薄膜電容的輪出電流切_ m‘ 膜電容免於因劣化造成的發熱燒毁損壞。如此，僅透 :溫度檢測手段’即可達到藉由沿用習知的突波電流= 電路的廉價構成、_實_免因為❹於平滑電容 電容的劣化所致的發熱燒毀損壞的效果。 4、溥膜 【實施方式】 322237 5 201145777 以下’參照圖面詳細地 施例。谁並非藉由本實施例限定反向器装置的實 第1圖係為顯示依據本發明之一:：二 成之方塊圖。於第，圖中 貫知例的反向器的構 γ ： ^ Λβ 11 . ^ 、到之反向器1係在具備 1轉狹益。卩Π，突波電流抑制 成的平滑電容13 ;主電路邱u 12，由缚膜電容所構 以及控制部丨5的-般反 向器裝置中追加熱敏電阻16 :保護=電容.(薄媒電容)的功能的構成 谷13係“示為薄臈電容13。 說明關於—般的反向器的連接關係等。 轉換器部11係由二極體雷_ 雷，、原？ A古W 賴電橋所構成，以變換三相交流 ，=為直〜電力。轉換器部u的正極輸 至 轉換器部11的負極輸出端 係直接連接至主f路部14的負極輪入端。 =波電机抑制電路12係由並聯連接之突波電流抑制 阻器12a。及突波電流抑制繼電器咖所構成。突波電流 p制繼電n m係藉由控制部15控制切斷（〇⑴—導通 ㈤。突波電流抑制電路12的另一端係連接至主電路部 14的正極輸入端。 、薄膜電容13係-端連接至正極匯流排導線而另一端 連接於負極匯流排導線。該正極匯流排導線連接突波電流 抑制電路12的另-端及主電路部14 &正極輸入端。該負 極匯流排導線連接轉換器部u的負極輸出端及主電路部 14的負極輸人端。該薄膜電容係用以平滑轉換器部n的 322237 6 201145777 輸出電壓。 主電路部14係具備利用逆並聯連接續流二極體 (flywheel diode)的開關元件而成的開關電路，藉由從控 制部15所供給的PWM(pulse width m〇dulati〇n，脈衝寬 度調制）驅動訊號，將薄膜電容13的充電電壓（直流電源） 切換而變換為驅動感應電動機3的交流電力。 以上的一般構成，於本實施例中，係將屬於溫度檢測 手段的一例的熱敏電阻16配置於薄膜電容13的附近，並 將熱敏電阻16所檢測出的薄膜電容13的溫度資訊予以輸 入至控制部15的構成。財實施例中，㈣部15係依據 上，的一般構成中突波電流的大小等參數（parameter)，使 其能進行突波電騎伽^ 12b的切斷（Qff)_導通㈤ 控制。 第2圖係為說明屬於平滑電容的薄膜電容及熱敏電阻 的位置關係圖。如第2圖⑴所示’熱敏電阻16係配置於 薄膜電4 13的附近。具體而言’為了熱傳導性及應付震 動’例如如第2圖⑵所示，熱敏電阻16係藉由搭接 (bounding)材料17接著於薄膜電容13。藉此，使熱敏電阻 16能正確地檢測薄膜電容13的外周表面溫度。 接，，參照第1圖、第3圖及第4圖，說明關於本實 施例之薄膜電容13的保護運作^並且，第3圖係為說明突 波電流抑龍t器導通（Qn)時的轉換諸出電流路徑之 圖。第4圖係為說明突波電流抑制繼電器切斷（off)時的棘 換器輸出電流路徑之圖。 寻的轉 322237 7 201145777 於反向器1中，在投入（接通）三相交流電源2時，押 制部15係使突波電流抑制繼電$⑽切斷（〇ff)。此時^ 轉換器部11的輸出電流係如第4圖所示，流過轉換器部 11的正極輸出端—突波電流抑制電阻器12a—薄膜電容13 —轉換器部li的負極輸出端之路徑。從而，接通三相交流 電源2 的技入電流係藉由突波電流抑制電阻器心被控 制。 卫 控制部15 ’當突波電流在預定值以下時，立刻使突皮 電流抑制繼電器i2b為導通（on)。然後，控制部15係將驅 動感應電動機3之運轉中由熱敏電阻16逐—輸人的薄膜電 容13的溫度資訊與判定溫度作比較。控制部^係在來自 熱敏電阻16的檢測溫度為判定溫度以下之期間，使突波電 二抑制繼電器12b持續為導通（Qn)。當突波電流抑制繼電 器12 一b為導通的期間内，轉換器部u的輸出電流係如第3 圖所不過轉換器部U的正極輸出端—突波電流抑制繼 電器12b—薄膜電容13—到達至轉換料u㈣極輸 之路徑。 此％雖為薄膜電容13進行預定的平滑運作的情形， 但相應三相交流電源2的投入_切斷的次數、或反向器裝置 1的運轉時間的長度，會成為問題的劣化在薄膜電容以進 展’且内部電阻持續增加。由於薄膜電容13的溫度伴隨著 該内部電阻的增加而提高，故熱敏電阻16的檢測溫度上 升0 ㈣部15係當來自熱敏電阻16的檢測溫度超過判定 322237 8 201145777 '置度日’立刻使突波電流抑制電路12切斷（〇ff)。藉此， 轉、器。P 11的輪出電流係如第4圖所示，流過路轉換器部 U的正極輸出端—突波電流抑制電阻器12a~>薄膜電容13 -轉換器部11而到達至的負極輸出端之路徑。 時由於控制部15係持續地使突波電流抑制繼電器 12b切斷（0ff)，故轉換器部u的輸出電流繼續流通突波 電l抑亲J電阻器12a。結果，突波電流抑制電阻器心因 為焦爾熱熔斷（過負荷斷線），而轉換器部丨丨的輸出電源流 至薄膜電谷13者被切斷。如此’薄膜電容13係可確實地 又保善以免因為經年劣化等因素下内部電阻增大所致的過 熱燒毁損壞。主電路部14係從轉換器部丨丨切離，並停止 朝感應電動機3的輸出運作。 如上所述，依據本貫施例，僅透過追加檢測薄膜電容 溫，的熱敏電阻即能輕易地實現能避免因使用於平滑電容 的薄膜電容的劣化所致的發熱燒毀損壞的保護迴路，沿用 於原來就設置於反向器的控制部及突波電流控制電路的廉 價的構成。 並且，在平滑電容使用電解電容時，當於突波電流抑 制電阻器使用了容易過負荷斷線的小電阻值之電阻器時， 過大的突波電流會流至大電容量值的電解電容，則^使電 解電容燒毀之虞。 這點，由於在本實施例中係使用較電解電容的電容量 值小的薄膜電谷，故於二相父流電源的投入時流入至薄膜 電容的突波電流變得較小。從而，突波電流抑制電阻器係 322237 9 201145777 可選定容易被過負荷斷線的較小抵抗值者。 (產業上的利用可能性） 如上所述，本發明的反向器係對透過廉價的構成可確 實地避免由於使用平滑電容的薄膜電容的劣化所致的發熱 燒毀損壞而言有其功效。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係為顯示依據本發明之一實施例的反向器的構 成之方塊圖。 L· mi 熱敏電阻的位置關係圖u 第3圖係為說明突波電流抑制繼電器導通（⑽）時 換器輸出電流路徑圖。 第4圖係為說明突波電流抑制繼電器切斷（〇f 轉換器輸出電流路徑圖。 、 【主要元件符號說明】 1 反向器 2 三相交流電源 3 12 感應電動機 11 轉換器部 突波電流抑制迴路 12a 突波電流抑制電阻器 薄膜電容（平滑電容） 控制部（控制手段） 12b 突波電流抑制繼電器 13 14 16 主電路部 15 熱敏電阻（溫度檢測手段） 17 搭接材料 20、 21路徑 322237 10201145777 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an inverter (inverter, which has various methods such as inverters, inverters, inverters, inverters, frequency converters, etc.) , referred to herein as an inverter, especially for a reverser using a film capacitor in a smoothing capacitor. [Prior Art] A converter (c〇nverter) that generates a DC power supply of a main circuit having a switch (in the case of switching, switching) is a diode bridge In the directional device, a smoothing capacitor that smoothes the ripple component of the DC busbar current is connected between the busbar wires. When a large capacitance electrolytic capacitor is used in the smoothing capacitor, the harmonic component in the DC bus bar wire increases. Therefore, for the purpose of suppressing the spectral wave, it is known that an inverter having a small capacitance thin film capacitor is used for the smoothing capacitor. However, when a thin film capacitor is used for the smoothing capacitor of the DC bus bar connected to the inverter, the film capacitor has a characteristic that the internal resistance increases as the deterioration due to overvoltage or long-term use progresses. 'Therefore, damage due to heat generation due to increased internal resistance occurred. Therefore, in an inverter using a film capacitor in a smoothing capacitor, it is an indispensable requirement to protect a circuit that does not cause damage due to heat generation due to deterioration of the film capacitor. (Prior Art Document) (Patent Document) 3 322237 201145777 Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. Hei. No. Hei. No. 2009-272233 Patent Document 3: 曰★击. 1=1本JP-A-2008-17626 (Summary of the Invention) (Improved Problem to be Solved by the Invention) - For example, in Patent Document 1, it is proposed to detect a thin film, and a thermistor While determining the degradation, and making the inverter's wheel, the @__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ However, since it only stops the anti-amp; and the film capacitor always has the converter output current "丨L this day..., the method constitutes the protection of the film capacitor. In Patent Document 2, it is proposed that the thermistor is judged to be deteriorated by the thermistor, and the inverter is provided with an electric switch from the side of the alternating current == two =:=. In the patent document 3, an overvoltage protection circuit for detecting a DC sink voltage is provided, and a voltage circuit is connected in parallel, and a voltage protection circuit of the wire detects a DC busbar. When the overvoltage of the wire is & 'When the overcurrent is closed, the DC busbar wire is short-circuited to protect _ Capacitor 1 so that the switch presents a surge current according to the flow so that the surge current is suppressed while the wire is broken (burned) The converter between the converter and the film capacitor is overloaded. In this method, there are many additional components, and the overvoltage protection is /. However, miscellaneous, resulting in increased costs. The construction of the road is based on the above-mentioned problems, and the purpose of the invention is to obtain ~ 322237 4 201145777 kinds of structures that are permeable and inexpensive to avoid the damage caused by the deterioration of the capacitor of the smoothing capacitor. Protect the reverse of the circuit. Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems and achieve the object, the present invention provides an inverter which is controlled by a surge current when a current path that causes a current of a converter portion to flow into a thin film circuit When the relay is formed in a state of 乍, if the temperature of the film capacitor exceeds the judgment temperature due to the deterioration of the film capacitor, the duty path is a path for switching the I (four) surge current suppression resistor number. As a result, the surge current suppressing resistor is caused by Joule heat and F, and the output current of the converter unit flows into the film capacitor, and the capacitor is prevented from being burned and damaged due to deterioration. (Effect of the Invention) According to the present invention, when the output current of the converter unit flows into the current path of the thin film, when the relay current is formed by the surge current suppression relay, the temperature rises as the deterioration of the thin film capacitance progresses. ^ When the degree is high, the current path is switched to suppress the electric current via the surge current. The result is that the surge current control resistor cuts the current from the conversion crotch to the film capacitor because the J焦ule line is cut. _ m' Membrane capacitor is protected from heat damage caused by deterioration. Therefore, only the temperature detection means can achieve the cheap structure of the circuit by using the conventional surge current = _ The effect of heat generation burn-out due to deterioration of smoothing capacitor capacitance. 4. 溥 film [Embodiment] 322237 5 201145777 The following is a detailed description with reference to the drawings. Who is not the first embodiment of the reverse device? The figure is a block diagram showing one of the following: a two-dimensional block diagram. In the figure, the structure of the inverter of the conventional example is γ: ^ Λβ 11 . ^ , and the inverter 1 is equipped with a 1 rpm Benefit The smoothing capacitor 13 is suppressed by the current; the main circuit Qiu 12, the thermistor 16 is added to the general inverter device of the control unit and the control unit 丨5: protection = capacitance (thin capacitor) function The composition of the valley 13 series "shows as a thin tantalum capacitor 13. Explain the connection relationship of the general reverser, etc. The converter unit 11 is composed of a diode Ray ray, the original? A ancient W Lai bridge is constructed to transform three-phase AC, = straight ~ power. The anode of the converter unit u is supplied to the negative output terminal of the converter unit 11 and is directly connected to the negative wheel terminal of the main f-channel portion 14. The wave motor suppression circuit 12 is a surge current suppressing resistor 12a connected in parallel. And the surge current suppression relay coffee maker. The surge current p-relay relay nm is controlled to be turned off by the control unit 15 (〇(1)-conducting (5). The other end of the surge current suppressing circuit 12 is connected to the positive input terminal of the main circuit portion 14. The film capacitor 13 is The end is connected to the positive bus bar wire and the other end is connected to the negative bus bar wire. The positive bus bar wire is connected to the other end of the surge current suppressing circuit 12 and the main circuit portion 14 & positive input terminal. The negative bus bar wire The negative output terminal of the converter unit u and the negative input terminal of the main circuit unit 14. The thin film capacitor is used to smooth the output voltage of the 322237 6 201145777 of the converter unit n. The main circuit unit 14 is provided with a freewheeling connection by an anti-parallel connection. A switching circuit formed by a switching element of a flywheel diode drives a signal from a PWM (pulse width modulation) pulse supplied from the control unit 15 to charge a voltage of the thin film capacitor 13 ( The DC power supply is switched to the AC power for driving the induction motor 3. In the above-described general configuration, in the present embodiment, the thermistor 16 which is an example of the temperature detecting means is disposed. In the vicinity of the film capacitor 13, the temperature information of the film capacitor 13 detected by the thermistor 16 is input to the control unit 15. In the embodiment, the (four) portion 15 is based on the general configuration of the surge current. The size of the parameter, such as the parameter, enables it to perform the cut-off (QW)_ conduction (5) control of the surge electric gamma 12b. Figure 2 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the film capacitor and the thermistor belonging to the smoothing capacitor. As shown in Fig. 2 (1), the thermistor 16 is disposed in the vicinity of the thin film electricity 4 13 . Specifically, 'for thermal conductivity and vibration resistance', for example, as shown in Fig. 2 (2), the thermistor 16 is used. The bonding material 17 is next to the film capacitor 13. Thereby, the thermistor 16 can accurately detect the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the film capacitor 13. Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, and Fig. 4, Regarding the protection operation of the thin film capacitor 13 of the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the transition current paths when the surge current is turned on (Qn). FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the surge current. Suppressor output when suppressing the relay off (off) Fig. 322237 7 201145777 In the inverter 1, when the three-phase AC power supply 2 is turned on (turned on), the pinching unit 15 cuts off the surge current suppression relay $(10) (〇ff At this time, the output current of the converter unit 11 flows through the positive output terminal of the converter unit 11 - the surge current suppressing resistor 12a - the thin film capacitor 13 - the negative output of the converter portion li as shown in Fig. 4 Therefore, the technical input current of the three-phase AC power supply 2 is controlled by the surge current suppressing resistor core. The control unit 15' immediately causes the surge current when the surge current is below a predetermined value. The suppression relay i2b is turned on. Then, the control unit 15 compares the temperature information of the thin film capacitor 13 which is input by the thermistor 16 during the operation of the drive induction motor 3 with the determination temperature. The control unit 2 causes the surge secondary suppression relay 12b to continue to be turned on (Qn) while the detected temperature from the thermistor 16 is equal to or lower than the determination temperature. When the surge current suppressing relay 12b is turned on, the output current of the converter section u is as shown in Fig. 3, but the positive output terminal of the converter section U - the surge current suppressing relay 12b - the thin film capacitor 13 - arrives To the conversion material u (four) pole loss path. Although this % is a case where the film capacitor 13 is subjected to a predetermined smooth operation, the number of times of the input/disconnection of the three-phase AC power supply 2 or the length of the operation time of the inverter device 1 may become a problem in the film capacitance. To progress' and internal resistance continues to increase. Since the temperature of the thin film capacitor 13 increases as the internal resistance increases, the detected temperature of the thermistor 16 rises to zero (four) portion 15 when the detected temperature from the thermistor 16 exceeds the determination 322237 8 201145777 'set day' immediately The surge current suppression circuit 12 is turned off (〇 ff). By this, turn, the device. As shown in Fig. 4, the current output of P 11 flows through the positive output terminal of the path converter unit U - the surge current suppressing resistor 12a -> the thin film capacitor 13 - the negative output terminal of the converter portion 11 The path. At this time, since the control unit 15 continuously cuts off the surge current suppressing relay 12b (0ff), the output current of the converter unit u continues to flow through the surge current suppressing resistor Ja. As a result, the surge current suppressing resistor core is broken by the Joule heat (overload disconnection), and the output power of the converter section is discharged to the thin film electric valley 13. Thus, the film capacitor 13 can be reliably ensured to avoid overheating damage due to an increase in internal resistance due to deterioration over time. The main circuit portion 14 is disconnected from the converter portion and stops operating toward the output of the induction motor 3. As described above, according to the present embodiment, the thermistor which additionally detects the temperature of the film capacitor can easily realize the protection circuit which can avoid the damage caused by the deterioration of the film capacitor used for the smoothing capacitor. It is an inexpensive configuration of the control unit and the surge current control circuit originally provided in the inverter. Further, when an electrolytic capacitor is used for the smoothing capacitor, when a small resistance value resistor that is easily overloaded is used in the surge current suppressing resistor, an excessive surge current flows to the electrolytic capacitor having a large capacitance value. Then ^ burn the electrolytic capacitor. In this regard, since the thin film electric cell having a small capacitance value smaller than that of the electrolytic capacitor is used in the present embodiment, the surge current flowing into the thin film capacitor at the time of input of the two-phase parent current power source becomes small. Thus, the surge current suppressing resistor system 322237 9 201145777 can select a smaller resistance value that is easily broken by an overload. (Industrial Applicability) As described above, the inverter of the present invention has an effect of reliably preventing the occurrence of heat generation burn-out due to deterioration of the film capacitor using the smoothing capacitor by the inexpensive configuration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the construction of an inverter according to an embodiment of the present invention. Positional relationship diagram of L· mi thermistor u Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the converter output current path of the surge current suppression relay on ((10)). Figure 4 is a diagram showing the surge current suppression relay cutoff (〇f converter output current path diagram. [Main component symbol description] 1 Inverter 2 Three-phase AC power supply 3 12 Induction motor 11 Converter section surge current Suppression circuit 12a Surge current suppression resistor Film capacitance (smoothing capacitance) Control unit (control means) 12b Surge current suppression relay 13 14 16 Main circuit unit 15 Thermistor (temperature detection means) 17 Lap material 20, 21 path 322237 10