201126061 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於風力發電裝置，特別是關於風力發電裝 置中的發電機的構造。 【先前技術】 關於風力發電裝置中的主軸與發電機轉子的結合構造 ¢) ’習知的一種構造係將發電機轉子連結於筒狀的套筒，再 將該套筒鎖緊固定於主軸的構造。這種構造揭露在例如： 日本國際公開公報W0200 7/111425A1 (專利文獻1)。專 利文獻1係揭示出：利用縮口碟盤（相當於本案中的縮口 夾具）來將已經接合著發電機轉子的轉子軸承（相當於本 案的套筒）鎖緊固定在主軸上的結合構造。在這種結合構 造中’縮口碟盤係位在發電機與軸承之間，在該位置將轉 子軸承鎖緊固定在主軸上。該縮口碟盤係由：固定碟盤與 〇 可動碟盤所構成，該固定碟盤與可動碟盤係利用螺栓而連 結在一起。螺栓係***到與主軸的中心軸平行的方向。螺 栓被鎖緊的話，就會將可動碟盤朝固定碟盤推迫而使得縮 口碟盤的內徑變窄，轉子軸承就被固定在主軸上》 將套筒鎖緊固定在主軸的構造上的問題之一，係要將 套筒從主軸拆下，或將套筒***到主軸時的作業的困難性 。爲了要確保鎖緊固定的強度，套筒與主軸之間的間隙是 愈小愈好。基於這種觀點，套筒與主軸之間的間隙，典型 的做法係調節在0.1 mm程度。然而，套筒與主軸之間的 201126061 間p：t太小n要將套筒從主軸拆下’或者要將套筒*** 到主軸時的作業變得很困難。 坦種問題，尤其是在已經設置了風力發電裝置之後， 又必須更換發電機的情況下特別地嚴重。在風力發電裝置 5又置之後’要在塔柱上，執行將套筒從主軸拆下或是將套 筒***到主軸的作業是非常地困難。例如：在5Mw級的 風力發電裝置的情況下，發電機的重量係超過1〇〇噸。要 在風力發電裝置的塔柱上執行更換作業的情況下，必須利 用吊車一面吊掛著發電機一面進行更換作業，因此要利用 吊車一面吊掛著重量很大的發電機一面進行從主軸將套筒 拆卸下來或者將套筒***到主軸的作業，乃是極爲困難的 工作。 [先行技術文獻] [專利文獻1]日本國際公開公報W02007/111425 A1 【發明內容】 因此’本發明之目的係在於提供··可使得風力發電裝 置中的發電機的更換作業更爲容易的技術。 就本發明的一種觀點而言，風力發電裝置係具備：用 以支承風車轉子的主軸、將主軸予以支承成可旋轉的主軸 承、具有發電機轉子與定子的發電機、結合於發電機轉子 且被***到主軸的套筒。定子係具備：排列配置在主軸的 周方向上的定子磁極、可對主軸相對旋轉地結合於主軸之 -6- 201126061 用來支承定子磁極之排列配置於主軸的軸方向上的第1及 第2定子板。發電機轉子係具備：排列配置於周方向上的 轉子磁極、結合於主軸之用來支承轉子磁極之設在第1與 第2定子板之間的至少一個轉子磁極支承構造。第1及第 2定子板以及轉子磁極支承構造係製作成：可將轉子磁極 及定子磁極從套筒分開的構造。在第1及第2定子板以及 轉子磁極支承構造中，將轉子磁極及定子磁極從套筒分開 〇 的位置係設定成：與主軸之靠發電機這一側的端部的距離 愈近者愈靠近於主軸。 根據其中一種實施方式，第1定子板係位於較之第2 定子板更遠離主軸的發電機側的端部之位置，第1定子板 係包含：結合於套筒的第1板構件、結合於定子磁極且可 與第1板構件作拆裝的第2板構件；轉子磁極支承構造係 包含：結合於套筒的第1支承構件、結合於轉子磁極且可 與第1支承構件作拆裝的第2支承構件；第2定子板係包 〇 含：結合於套筒的第3板構件、結合於定子磁極且可與第 3板構件作拆裝的第4板構件。這種情況下，第2板構件 之靠套筒這一側的端部係較之第1支承構件之靠轉子磁極 這一側的端部更遠離主軸，第2支承構件之靠套筒這一側 的端部係較之第3板構件的靠定子磁極這一側的端部更遠 離主軸爲宜。 在第1及第2定子板的至少其中一方，在於與轉子磁 極支承構造中之將轉子磁極從套筒分開的位置相對應的位 置’開設開口爲宜。 201126061 具有「至少一個轉子磁極支承構造」係指：具有排列 設置在主軸的軸方向上的複數個轉子磁極支承構造的情況 下，在複數個轉子磁極支承構造的每一個當中，將轉子磁 極從套筒分開的位置，係設定成：與主軸的端部之間的距 離愈短者愈靠近於主軸爲宜。 本發明的其中一種實施方式，第1定子板與轉子磁極 支承構造係呈相對向地設置，且分別在第1定子板與轉子 磁極支承構造上各設有一個安裝構造爲宜，該安裝構造係 用來安裝暫時固定具，該暫時固定具係用來暫時地固定第 1定子板與轉子磁極支承構造。這種情況下，暫時固定具 係包含：楔子或棒狀構件，而安裝構造則可以是供該暫時 固定具***的開口。 在第1定子板及第2定子板的至少其中一方設有供保 養作業用的開口的情況下，該風力發電裝置的保養作業方 法係以具備：在保護管的內部執行：將轉子磁極支承構造 之結合在套筒上的第1支承構件與結合在轉子磁極上的第 2支承構件之間的締結作業或者將第2支承構件從第1支 承構件拆卸下來的作業之步驟爲宜。 依據本發明，風力發電裝置中的發電機的更換作業可 更容易。 【實施方式】 第1圖係槪略地顯示本發明的一種實施方式中的風力 發電裝置1的構造之圖。本實施方式的風力發電裝置1係 -8 - 201126061 具備：塔柱2、機艙座板3、主軸4、軸承5和0、軸承座 7和8、發電機9。機艙座板3係可轉向迴旋地載置在塔 柱2的上端。主軸4係被兩個軸承5和6支承成可進行旋 轉，軸承5和6係被軸承座7和8固定在機艙座板3上。 在主軸4的其中一端係接合著風車轉子（未圖示），在另 一端則是連結著發電機9的轉子。在本實施方式的風力發 電裝置1中，主軸4係被風車轉子與發電機轉子所共用， 〇 本實施方式的風力發電裝置1係製作成「直接驅動型風力 發電裝置」。 第2圖A係顯示本發明的一種實施方式中的風力發 電裝置1的構造，特別是詳細地顯示出發電機9的構造之 斷面圖。發電機9係具有：發電機轉子11與定子12。發 電機轉子1 1係結合在套筒2 1上，利用油壓縮口夾具2 5 將該套筒21夾緊固定在主軸4上，使得發電機轉子11被 結合到主軸4。油壓縮口夾具2 5係具備：固定環2 5 a與 C) 可動環25b。將作動流體（典型例係：油壓作動油）供給 到設在油壓縮口夾具25上的油壓埠的話，可動環25b就 會移動而使油壓縮口夾具2 5的內徑縮小，進而使得套筒 21被固定在主軸4上。將油壓縮口夾具25設置在發電機 9內部的作法之優點，係可縮短軸承6與發電機9之間的 距離，進而可縮小主軸4的撓曲。 此外，端板22係用來防止：套筒21朝軸方向（與主 軸4的中心線平行的方向。以下’亦同樣稱爲軸方向）發 生移位。詳細地說，端板22係安裝成橫跨在套筒2〗的端 -9 - 201126061 部與主軸4的端部，套筒2 1則是被端板2 2以及用來固定 軸承6的軸承固定環2 0所包夾住。如此一來，就可抑制 套同21朝軸方向移動。 如以下所詳細說明般地，在本實施方式中，發電機9 係具有可分割的構造，不必將套筒2 1從主軸4拆卸下來 亦可進行更換發電機9。不必將套筒21從主軸4拆卸下 來即可更換發電機9的作法的好處是可讓發電機的更換作 業更容易。以下將詳細說明發電機9的構造。 發電機轉子11係具備：可發揮轉子磁極的功能之激 磁磁鐵1 3、用以支承激磁磁鐵1 3的背板1 4、用以支承背 板14的轉子板15、16。轉子板16係由複數個板構件16a 、1 6b所構成的。轉子板1 5係被螺栓3 1鎖緊締結在套筒 2 1的凸緣2 1 a。另外，轉子板1 6的板構件1 6a係被螺栓 32a鎖緊締結在套筒21，板構件16b係被螺栓32b鎖緊締 結在板構件1 6a。此處，請特別留意雖然在圖中只分別畫 出一根螺栓3 1、32a、32b而已，但是實際上係有複數根 螺栓31、32a ' 3 2b在周方向上排列配置著。 另外’定子12係具備··可發揮定子磁極的功能之定 子繞線1 7、用以支承定子繞線1 7的定子板1 8、1 9。定子 板1 8係由：複數個板構件1 8 a、1 8 b所構成的，同樣地， 定子板19係由：複數個板構件19a、19b所構成的。在定 子板1 8的板構件1 8 a的內周側的端部係固定著發電機軸 承23，又，板構件1 8b係被螺栓33鎖緊締結在板構件 1 8 a的外周側的端部。同樣地，在定子板1 9的板構件1 9 a -10- 201126061 的內周側的端部係固定著發電機軸承24，又’板構件1 9b 係被螺栓3 4鎖緊固定在板構件1 9a的外周側的端部。在 這種構造中，係利用發電機軸承23、24支承主軸4，利 用主軸4來支承發電機9。這種構造係可有效地分散因發 電機9的重量所造成的機械性負荷。此處，請特別留意雖 然在圖中只分別畫出一根螺栓螺栓33、34，但是實際上 係有複數根螺栓3 3、3 4在周方向上排列配置著。 ζ) 此處請特別留意，用以鎖緊締結定子板1 8的板構件 18a、18b的螺栓33、用以鎖緊締結套筒21的凸緣21a與 轉子板1 5的螺栓3 1、用以鎖緊締結轉子板1 6的板構件 16a、16b的螺栓32b、以及用以鎖緊締結定子板19的板 構件19a、19b的螺栓34的配置方式是：離主軸4之靠發 電機9這一側的端部愈遠者，其與主軸4的中心軸之間的 距離愈長。亦即，用來將激磁磁鐵1 3及定子繞線1 7締結 到套筒2 1身上的締結具的位置係被配置成：距離主軸4 〇 的端部愈遠者，其相距於主軸4的中心軸的距離就愈遠。 更具體地說，係如第2圖B所示般地’定子板1 8的 板構件18b之靠套筒21這一側的端部的位置係較之凸緣 2 1 a、轉子板1 6的板構件1 6 a、以及定子板1 9的板構件 1 9a之靠定子繞線1 7這一側的端部的位置’其相距於主 軸4的中心軸的距離更遠。又，轉子板15之靠套筒21這 —側的端部的位置係較之轉子板1 6的板構件1 6 a、以及 定子板19的板構件19a之靠定子繞線17這一側的端部的 位置，其相距於主軸4的中心軸的距離更遠。此外，轉子 -11 - 201126061 板1 6的板構件1 6b之靠套筒2 1這一側的端部的位置係較 之定子板19的板構件19a之靠定子繞線17這一側的端部 的位置，其相距於主軸4的中心軸的距離更遠。此處請特 別留意的是凸緣2 1 a與板構件1 6a，係在用以支承激磁磁 鐵1 3的轉子磁極支承構造之中，將激磁磁鐵1 3從套筒 2 1分開之後，依然被殘留下來結合在套筒2 1上的構件， 而定子板1 9的板構件1 9 a則是將定子繞線1 7從套筒2 1 分開之後，依然被殘留下來結合在套筒21上的構件。 如第2圖C所示般地，藉由採用上述的構造，本實施 方式的風力發電裝置1在進行保養作業時，不必將套筒 2 1從主軸4拆卸下來，即可將發電機轉子1 1的激磁磁鐵 1 3與定子1 2的定子繞線1 7拆卸下來。具體而言，只要 緩緩地將前述的螺栓3 3、3 4予以卸下，就可以將定子繞 線1 7與板構件1 8 b、1 9 b —起拆卸下來。同樣地，只要緩 緩地將螺栓3 1、3 2 b予以卸下，即可將激磁磁鐵1 3與背 板1 4、轉子板1 5以及板構件1 6 b —起拆卸下來。此時， 藉由採用如第2圖B所示的構造，在進行拆卸發電機9的 作業時可避免構件之間的彼此阻礙干擾。 相反地’只要將定子繞線1 7安裝到板構件1 8 b、1 9 b ，再將螺栓3 3、3 4予以鎖緊締結的話，就可將定子繞線 1 7予以安裝恢復成原來的狀態。又，將激磁磁鐵1 3安裝 到背板1 4 ’並且將轉子板1 5及板構件1 6 b安裝到背板1 4 ’再將螺栓3 1、3 2 b予以鎖緊締結的話，就可將激磁磁鐵 1 3予以安裝恢復成原來的狀態。是以，根據本實施方式 -12- 201126061 的風力發電裝置1，不必將套筒21從主軸4拆開，即可 進行其最重要的構成構件（亦即，激磁磁鐵1 3、定子繞 線1 7 )的更換工作。 此外，與激磁磁鐵1 3及定子繞線1 7 —起被拆卸下來 的構件係位於較之殘留在套筒21這一側的構件，更爲接 近主軸4的端部這一側，這種方式係具有：可讓作業更爲 容易的優點。例如··就定子板1 8而言，與定子繞線i 7 一 〇 起被拆卸下來的板構件18b係被鎖緊締結在靠近殘留在套 筒2 1這—側的板構件〗8 a的主軸4的端部之這一側的面 。此外’就與激磁磁鐵1 3 —起被拆卸下來的轉子板1 5而 言’轉子板1 5係被鎖緊締結在套筒2 1的凸緣2 1 a之靠近 主軸4的端部這一側的面。此外，就轉子板1 6而言，與 激磁磁鐵1 3 —起被拆卸下來的板構件丨6b係被鎖緊締結 在殘留在套筒21這一側之板構件16a之靠近主軸4的端 部這一側的面。最後，就定子板i 9而言，與定子繞線i 7 D 一起被拆卸下來的板構件19b係被鎖緊締結在套筒21這 一側的板構件1 9a之靠近主軸4的端部的這一側的面。這 種構造的優點係可使得激磁磁鐵1 3及定子繞線1 7的拆卸 作業更爲容易。 此處’利用螺栓3 1來將轉子板1 5予以鎖緊締結的作 業、以及利用螺栓32a、32b來將轉子板Ιό的板構件16a 、16b予以鎖緊締結的作業，全部都是在發電機9的內部 中進行的。同樣地，從轉子板1 5拆卸下螺栓3 1的作業、 以及從板構件1 6a、1 6b拆卸下螺栓32a、3 2b的作業也都 -13- 201126061 是在發電機9的內部中進行的。在進行這些的作業時’如 果有異物進入到發電機9的內部的話’將會成爲導致發電 機9發生損傷的原因。 爲了要避免發生因爲異物的進入所導致的發電機9的 損傷，在進行螺栓3 1、3 2 a、3 2 b的鎖緊作業或者拆卸作 業時，最好是在從定子板18、19***的保護管的內部來 執行爲宜。第3圖〜第5圖就是顯示在保護管41的內部 進行螺栓3 1的鎖緊締結作業的步驟之示意圖。 如第3圖所示般地，在定子板1 8的板構件1 8a之對 應於螺栓31的位置，係設有一開口。在進行保養作業的 時後，係將保護管4 1***到這個開□。此時’先將發電 機轉子1 1的角度調節到可讓想要安裝的螺栓3 1可進入到 保護管4 1的內部的位置。將保護管4 1從開口***直到抵 接到套筒2 1的凸緣2 1 a爲止。此時，爲了防止異物的進 入，保護管4 1係以在其入口安裝有蓋子42的狀態來進行 ***爲宜。在本實施方式中，蓋子42係利用螺栓43a、 43b可裝卸地安裝在保護管41上。接下來，拆卸下蓋子 42之後，將預安裝的螺栓3 1予以鎖緊締結。此時，係如 第4圖所示般地，若使用較之保護管41的內徑更細的專 用的締結工具44來將螺栓3 1予以鎖緊的話，可讓作業更 容易。接下來’再度將蓋子42安裝到保護管41之後，再 將保護管4 1抽出到不會與轉子板1 5發生碰撞干擾的位置 。然後，再將發電機轉子1 1稍微地轉動到可使得保護管 4 1對準下一個要安裝的螺栓3 1的對應位置。以下則反覆 -14 - 201126061 執行同樣的過程，將螺栓3 1予以依序地鎖緊締結上去。 全部的螺栓31都被鎖緊締結完畢之後，就如第5圖所示 般地，將定子板1 8的板構件1 8 a的開口利用蓋子4 5予以 封閉起來。根據以上的步驟，可以防止在作業時有異物進 入到發電機9的內部。 同樣地，在進行螺栓31的拆卸作業時，只要也是在 保護管41的內部來進行作業的話，就可以防止作業時有 〇 異物進入到發電機9的內部的情事。 針對於轉子板16的螺栓32b也是同樣地’只要是在 保護管的內部進行鎖緊締結以及拆卸作業的話，即可防止 在作業時有異物進入到發電機9的內部。這種情況下，係 在定子板19的板構件19b之與螺栓32b對應的位置上設 置開口，將保護管***到該開口內，直到抵接到板構件 16b爲止。 根據以上的步驟，係可在將螺栓3 1、32b予以鎖緊締 〇 結之際，防止異物進入。這是避免發電機9受損傷的有效 方法。 其次，再度參照第2圖A來進行說明，本實施方式 的風力發電裝置1中，最好是在定子板18、19上設置有 用來安裝可將發電機轉子11予以暫時固定的暫時固定具 3 5、3 6之安裝構造爲宜。例如：在輸送發電機9的時候 ，使用暫時固定具35、36先將發電機轉子11暫時地固定 在定子板1 8 ' 1 9，以保持住發電機轉子1 1與定子1 2之 間的間隙，可防止發電機9受到損傷。在第2圖A的構 -15- 201126061 造中’暫時固定具35、36係採用：楔子。這種情況下， 係在定子板1 8、1 9上開設有可供楔子***的開口。將楔 子經由該開口***到發電機轉子1 1與定子1 2之間，如此 一來，就可將發電機轉子11與定子12予以暫時地固定。 其他的實施方式係如第2圖D所示般地，亦可採用 類似插銷之類的棒狀構件來作爲暫時固定具35A、36A。 這種情況下，係在定子板1 8、1 9與轉子板1 5、1 6上，開 設有可供該棒狀構件穿插的開口。藉由將棒狀構件穿插過 設在定子板1 8、1 9與轉子板1 5、1 6上的開口，即可將發 電機轉子1 1予以暫時地固定。此外，暫時固定具3 5、3 6 亦可具有：將定子板1 8、1 9與背板1 4予以暫時地連結的 構造。用來將發電機轉子11暫時地固定在定子板18、19 的構造，亦可採用其他各種構成方式。 又，以上雖然是記載出本發明的一種實施方式，但是 本發明不應被解釋爲只限定在前述的實施方式。在實施本 發明時，對於此項技術領域者而言，應該可以想出各種易 於思及的變更。尤其是在第2圖中，雖然係採用轉子板 1 5、1 6來作爲將激磁磁鐵1 3及背板1 4連結到套筒2 1的 連結構造，但是，對於此項技術領域者而言，理應可以就 「將激磁磁鐵1 3及背板I 4連結到套筒2 1的構造」想出 各種易於思及的變更。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係槪略地顯示本發明的一種實施方式中的風力 -16- 201126061 發電裝置的構造之圖。 第2圖A係詳細地顯示本發明的一種實施方式中的 發電機的構造之圖。 第2圖B係詳細地顯示本發明的一種實施方式中的將 發電機轉子及定子結合到套筒的部分構造之圖。 第2圖C係顯示將發電機轉子與定子從套筒分開後的 狀態之圖。 〇 第2圖D係詳細地顯示本發明的其他實施方式中的 發電機的構造之圖。 第3圖係顯示將發電機內部的螺栓予以上緊時的較佳 步驟之圖。 第4圖係顯示將發電機內部的螺栓予以上緊時的較佳 步驟之圖。 第5圖係顯示將發電機內部的螺栓予以上緊時的較佳 步驟之圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :風力發電裝置 2 :塔柱 3 :機艙座板 4 :主軸 5、6 :軸承 7、8 :軸承座 9 :發電機 -17- 201126061 1 1 :發電機轉子 12 :定子 1 3 :激磁磁鐵 1 4 :背板 15、16 :轉子板 1 6 a、1 6 b :板構件 1 7 :定子繞線 1 8、1 9 :定子板 18a、18b、19a、19b:板構件 2 0 :軸承固定環 21 :套筒 2 1 a :凸緣 2 2 :端板 23、24:發電機軸承 2 5 :油壓縮口夾具 25a :固定環 2 5 b :可動環 43b :螺栓 31、 32a' 32b、 33、 34、 43a、 3 5、3 6 :暫時固定具 4 1 :保護管 42 :蓋子 4 4 :締結工具 4 5 :蓋子。 -18-201126061 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a wind power generator, and more particularly to a configuration of a generator in a wind power generator. [Prior Art] Regarding the combined structure of the main shaft and the generator rotor in the wind power generator, a conventional structure is a structure in which a generator rotor is coupled to a cylindrical sleeve, and the sleeve is locked and fixed to the main shaft. structure. Such a structure is disclosed in, for example, Japanese International Publication No. WO200 7/111425A1 (Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses a joint structure in which a rotor bearing (corresponding to a sleeve of the present invention) to which a generator rotor has been joined is locked and fixed to a main shaft by using a shrink disk (corresponding to a shrink jig in the present case) . In this combination, the shrink disk is tied between the generator and the bearing, at which point the rotor bearing is locked and fixed to the spindle. The shrink disk is composed of a fixed disk and a movable disk, and the fixed disk and the movable disk are coupled by bolts. The bolt is inserted in a direction parallel to the central axis of the spindle. When the bolt is locked, the movable disc is pushed toward the fixed disc to narrow the inner diameter of the shrink disc, and the rotor bearing is fixed on the main shaft. The sleeve is locked and fixed on the main shaft. One of the problems is the difficulty in removing the sleeve from the spindle or the operation of inserting the sleeve into the spindle. In order to ensure the strength of the locking fixation, the smaller the gap between the sleeve and the main shaft, the better. Based on this point of view, the gap between the sleeve and the main shaft is typically adjusted to 0.1 mm. However, between 201126061 between the sleeve and the spindle p:t is too small n to remove the sleeve from the spindle' or the work of inserting the sleeve into the spindle becomes difficult. The problem of stagnation, especially in the case where the generator has to be replaced after the wind power plant has been installed, is particularly severe. After the wind power generator 5 is again placed, it is extremely difficult to perform the work of removing the sleeve from the main shaft or inserting the sleeve into the main shaft on the tower. For example, in the case of a 5 Mw class wind power plant, the weight of the generator is more than 1 ton. In order to perform the replacement work on the tower of the wind power generator, it is necessary to use the crane to hang the generator while performing the replacement work. Therefore, it is necessary to use the crane to hang the heavy-duty generator while carrying the sleeve from the main shaft. It is extremely difficult to disassemble the cartridge or insert the sleeve into the spindle. [Provisional Technical Document] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. WO2007/111425 A1 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a technology that can make replacement work of a generator in a wind power generator easier. . In one aspect of the present invention, a wind turbine generator includes: a main shaft for supporting a wind turbine rotor, a main bearing for supporting a main shaft to be rotatable, a generator having a generator rotor and a stator, and coupled to the generator rotor A sleeve that is inserted into the spindle. The stator system includes: a stator magnetic pole arranged in the circumferential direction of the main shaft, and a spindle that can be coupled to the main shaft so as to be rotatable relative to the main shaft. -6-201126061 A first and a second arrangement for supporting the stator magnetic poles in the axial direction of the main shaft Stator plate. The generator rotor system includes at least one rotor magnetic pole supporting structure provided between the first and second stator plates, which is arranged in the circumferential direction and is coupled to the main shaft and supports the rotor magnetic pole. The first and second stator plates and the rotor magnetic pole support structure are formed such that the rotor magnetic pole and the stator magnetic pole can be separated from the sleeve. In the first and second stator plates and the rotor magnetic pole support structure, the position at which the rotor magnetic pole and the stator magnetic pole are separated from the sleeve is set such that the closer the distance from the end of the main shaft to the generator is. Close to the main shaft. According to one embodiment, the first stator plate is located closer to the generator-side end of the main shaft than the second stator plate, and the first stator plate includes: a first plate member coupled to the sleeve, coupled to a second plate member that is detachable from the first plate member; the rotor magnetic pole support structure includes a first support member coupled to the sleeve, coupled to the rotor magnetic pole and detachable from the first support member The second support member includes a third plate member coupled to the sleeve, and a fourth plate member coupled to the stator magnetic pole and detachable from the third plate member. In this case, the end portion of the second plate member on the sleeve side is further away from the main shaft than the end portion of the first support member on the side of the rotor magnetic pole, and the second support member is a sleeve. The end portion of the side is preferably farther from the main shaft than the end portion of the third plate member on the side of the stator pole. At least one of the first and second stator plates preferably has an opening at a position corresponding to a position at which the rotor magnetic pole is separated from the sleeve in the rotor magnetic pole supporting structure. 201126061 "At least one rotor magnetic pole support structure" means a rotor magnetic pole from each of a plurality of rotor magnetic pole support structures in a plurality of rotor magnetic pole support structures arranged in the axial direction of the main shaft The position where the cylinders are separated is set such that the shorter the distance from the end of the main shaft, the closer it is to the main shaft. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first stator plate and the rotor magnetic pole support structure are disposed to face each other, and each of the first stator plate and the rotor magnetic pole support structure is provided with a mounting structure, and the mounting structure is preferably It is used to mount a temporary fixture for temporarily fixing the first stator plate and the rotor pole support structure. In this case, the temporary fixing means comprises: a wedge or a rod-shaped member, and the mounting structure may be an opening into which the temporary fixture is inserted. When at least one of the first stator plate and the second stator plate is provided with an opening for maintenance work, the maintenance method of the wind power generator includes: performing a rotor magnetic pole support structure inside the protective tube Preferably, the step of joining between the first support member coupled to the sleeve and the second support member coupled to the rotor pole or the step of removing the second support member from the first support member is preferred. According to the present invention, the replacement operation of the generator in the wind power generator can be made easier. [Embodiment] FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a wind turbine generator 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The wind power generator 1 of the present embodiment is -8 - 201126061 and includes: a column 2, a nacelle plate 3, a main shaft 4, bearings 5 and 0, bearing blocks 7 and 8, and a generator 9. The nacelle deck 3 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the tower 2. The main shaft 4 is rotatably supported by the two bearings 5 and 6, and the bearings 5 and 6 are fixed to the nacelle base plate 3 by the bearing blocks 7 and 8. A wind turbine rotor (not shown) is coupled to one end of the main shaft 4, and a rotor coupled to the generator 9 is connected to the other end. In the wind power generator 1 of the present embodiment, the main shaft 4 is shared by the wind turbine rotor and the generator rotor, and the wind power generator 1 of the present embodiment is a "direct drive type wind power generator". Fig. 2A is a view showing the configuration of the wind power generator 1 in an embodiment of the present invention, and particularly showing a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the generator 9. The generator 9 has a generator rotor 11 and a stator 12. The generator rotor 11 is coupled to the sleeve 21, and the sleeve 21 is clamped and fixed to the main shaft 4 by an oil compression port clamp 25, so that the generator rotor 11 is coupled to the main shaft 4. The oil compression port clamp 25 has a fixing ring 25a and a) a movable ring 25b. When the operating fluid (typically: hydraulic oil) is supplied to the oil pressure dam provided on the oil compression port clamp 25, the movable ring 25b moves to reduce the inner diameter of the oil compression port clamp 25, thereby The sleeve 21 is fixed to the main shaft 4. The advantage of the oil compression port clamp 25 being disposed inside the generator 9 is that the distance between the bearing 6 and the generator 9 can be shortened, and the deflection of the main shaft 4 can be reduced. Further, the end plate 22 is for preventing the sleeve 21 from being displaced in the axial direction (the direction parallel to the center line of the main shaft 4, hereinafter also referred to as the axial direction). In detail, the end plate 22 is mounted to span the end of the sleeve 2 - 201126061 and the end of the main shaft 4, and the sleeve 2 1 is the end plate 2 2 and the bearing for fixing the bearing 6. The retaining ring 20 is sandwiched. In this way, it is possible to suppress the movement of the sleeve 21 in the direction of the axis. As described in detail below, in the present embodiment, the generator 9 has a separable structure, and the generator 9 can be replaced without removing the sleeve 2 1 from the main shaft 4. The advantage of replacing the generator 9 without having to remove the sleeve 21 from the main shaft 4 is that the replacement operation of the generator can be made easier. The configuration of the generator 9 will be described in detail below. The generator rotor 11 includes a magneto-optical magnet 13 that functions as a rotor magnetic pole, a back plate 14 that supports the field magnet 13 and rotor plates 15 and 16 that support the back plate 14. The rotor plate 16 is composed of a plurality of plate members 16a and 16b. The rotor plate 15 is locked by a bolt 3 1 to the flange 2 1 a of the sleeve 2 1 . Further, the plate member 16a of the rotor plate 16 is locked and contracted by the bolt 32a to the sleeve 21, and the plate member 16b is locked by the bolt 32b to the plate member 16a. Here, please pay special attention to the fact that only one bolt 3 1 , 32 a , and 32 b are drawn in the drawing, but actually, a plurality of bolts 31 , 32 a ′ 3 2b are arranged in the circumferential direction. Further, the stator 12 is provided with stator windings 17 for functioning as stator poles and stator plates 18 and 19 for supporting stator windings 17. The stator plate 18 is composed of a plurality of plate members 18a and 18b. Similarly, the stator plate 19 is composed of a plurality of plate members 19a and 19b. The generator bearing 23 is fixed to the end portion on the inner peripheral side of the plate member 18 a of the stator plate 18, and the plate member 18b is locked by the bolt 33 to the end on the outer peripheral side of the plate member 18 a. unit. Similarly, the generator bearing 24 is fixed to the end portion on the inner peripheral side of the plate member 1 9 a -10- 201126061 of the stator plate 19, and the 'plate member 1 9b is locked and fixed to the plate member by the bolt 3 4 The end of the outer peripheral side of 1 9a. In this configuration, the main shaft 4 is supported by the generator bearings 23, 24, and the main shaft 4 is used to support the generator 9. This configuration effectively disperses the mechanical load caused by the weight of the motor 9. Here, please pay special attention to the fact that although only one bolt bolt 33, 34 is drawn in the figure, in reality, a plurality of bolts 3 3, 3 4 are arranged in the circumferential direction. ζ) Please pay special attention here to lock the bolts 33 of the plate members 18a, 18b of the stator plate 18, the bolts 21a for locking the sleeve 21 and the bolts 3 1 of the rotor plate 15. The bolts 32b for locking the plate members 16a, 16b of the rotor plate 16 and the bolts 34 for locking the plate members 19a, 19b of the stator plate 19 are arranged in such a manner that the generator 9 is located away from the main shaft 4. The farther the end of one side is, the longer the distance between it and the central axis of the main shaft 4. That is, the position of the tying member for joining the field magnet 13 and the stator winding 17 to the sleeve 2 1 is configured such that the further away from the end of the main shaft 4 ,, the distance from the main shaft 4 The further the distance from the central axis. More specifically, as shown in Fig. 2B, the position of the end portion of the plate member 18b of the stator plate 18 on the side of the sleeve 21 is compared with the flange 2 1 a, the rotor plate 16 The plate member 16a, and the position of the end of the plate member 19a of the stator plate 19 on the side of the stator winding 17 are further apart from the central axis of the main shaft 4. Further, the end portion of the rotor plate 15 on the side of the sleeve 21 is located on the side of the stator winding 17 of the rotor plate 16 and the plate member 19a of the stator plate 19 on the side of the stator winding 17. The position of the ends is further apart from the central axis of the main shaft 4. Further, the end portion of the plate member 16b of the rotor -11 - 201126061 plate 16 on the side of the sleeve 2 1 is positioned closer to the side of the stator winding 17 of the plate member 19a of the stator plate 19 The position of the portion is further apart from the central axis of the main shaft 4. It is to be noted here that the flange 2 1 a and the plate member 16 a are in the rotor magnetic pole support structure for supporting the field magnet 13 , and after the field magnet 1 3 is separated from the sleeve 2 1 , it is still The member bonded to the sleeve 2 1 remains, and the plate member 19 a of the stator plate 19 is still separated from the sleeve 21 after being separated from the sleeve 2 1 . member. As shown in FIG. 2C, by adopting the above-described configuration, the wind power generator 1 of the present embodiment can rotate the generator rotor 1 without removing the sleeve 2 1 from the main shaft 4 during maintenance work. The field magnet 13 of 1 and the stator winding 17 of the stator 12 are detached. Specifically, as long as the aforementioned bolts 3 3 and 3 4 are gradually removed, the stator winding 17 can be detached together with the plate members 1 8 b and 1 9 b. Similarly, as long as the bolts 3 1 and 3 2 b are slowly removed, the field magnet 13 can be detached together with the back plate 14 , the rotor plate 15 , and the plate member 16 b. At this time, by adopting the configuration as shown in Fig. 2B, it is possible to avoid mutual interference between the members when performing the work of disassembling the generator 9. Conversely, as long as the stator windings 17 are attached to the plate members 18b, 1 9b and the bolts 3 3, 3 4 are locked and locked, the stator windings 17 can be installed and restored to their original state. status. Further, by attaching the field magnet 13 to the backing plate 14' and attaching the rotor plate 15 and the plate member 16b to the backing plate 14' and then locking the bolts 3 1 and 3 2 b, it is possible to The field magnet 13 is mounted and restored to its original state. Therefore, according to the wind turbine generator 1 of the embodiment -12-201126061, the most important constituent members can be performed without disassembling the sleeve 21 from the main shaft 4 (that is, the exciting magnet 13 and the stator winding 1) 7) Replacement work. Further, the member detached together with the field magnet 13 and the stator winding 17 is located closer to the side of the end portion of the main shaft 4 than the member remaining on the side of the sleeve 21, in such a manner. It has the advantage of making the job easier. For example, in the case of the stator plate 18, the plate member 18b detached from the stator winding i7 is locked and tied to the plate member 8a remaining on the side of the sleeve 2 1 The side of this side of the end of the main shaft 4. In addition, the rotor plate 15 is locked and joined to the end of the flange 2 1 a of the sleeve 2 1 near the main shaft 4 in terms of the rotor plate 15 which is detached from the field magnet 1 3 . Side face. Further, in the case of the rotor plate 16, the plate member 丨6b detached together with the field magnet 13 is locked and joined to the end of the plate member 16a remaining on the side of the sleeve 21 near the main shaft 4. The side of this side. Finally, in the case of the stator plate i 9, the plate member 19b detached together with the stator winding i 7 D is locked and joined to the end of the plate member 19a on the side of the sleeve 21 near the end of the main shaft 4. The side of this side. The advantage of this configuration is that the disassembly of the field magnet 13 and the stator winding 17 is easier. Here, the operation of locking and fastening the rotor plate 15 by the bolts 3 1 and the locking of the plate members 16a and 16b of the rotor plate by the bolts 32a and 32b are all performed in the generator. Performed in the interior of 9. Similarly, the operation of removing the lower bolts 3 1 from the rotor plate 15 and the removal of the lower bolts 32a, 3 2b from the plate members 16a, 16b are also performed in the interior of the generator 9-13-201126061. . When these operations are performed, 'If a foreign matter enters the inside of the generator 9,' it will cause damage to the generator 9. In order to avoid damage to the generator 9 caused by the entry of foreign matter, it is preferable to insert from the stator plates 18, 19 when performing the locking work or the dismounting operation of the bolts 3 1 , 3 2 a, 3 2 b. It is advisable to perform the inside of the protection tube. Figs. 3 to 5 are schematic views showing the steps of performing the locking and contracting operation of the bolts 3 1 inside the protective tube 41. As shown in Fig. 3, an opening is formed in the position of the plate member 18a of the stator plate 18 corresponding to the bolt 31. After the maintenance work is performed, the protective tube 41 is inserted into this opening. At this time, the angle of the generator rotor 1 1 is first adjusted so that the bolt 3 1 to be mounted can enter the inside of the protective tube 41. The protective tube 4 1 is inserted from the opening until it abuts against the flange 2 1 a of the sleeve 2 1 . At this time, in order to prevent the entry of foreign matter, it is preferable that the protective tube 41 is inserted in a state in which the cover 42 is attached to the inlet. In the present embodiment, the cover 42 is detachably attached to the protective tube 41 by bolts 43a and 43b. Next, after the lower cover 42 is removed, the pre-installed bolts 3 1 are locked and contracted. At this time, as shown in Fig. 4, if the bolt 3 1 is locked by using a special fastening tool 44 which is thinner than the inner diameter of the protective tube 41, the work can be made easier. Next, after the cover 42 is again mounted to the protective tube 41, the protective tube 41 is withdrawn to a position where it does not interfere with the rotor plate 15 . Then, the generator rotor 11 is slightly rotated to a position corresponding to the protection tube 4 1 to be aligned with the next bolt 3 1 to be mounted. The following is repeated -14 - 201126061 The same process is carried out, and the bolts 3 1 are sequentially locked and contracted. After all the bolts 31 have been locked and contracted, the opening of the plate member 18a of the stator plate 18 is closed by the cover 45 as shown in Fig. 5. According to the above steps, it is possible to prevent foreign matter from entering the inside of the generator 9 during work. In the same manner, when the bolt 31 is detached, if the work is performed inside the protective tube 41, it is possible to prevent the foreign matter from entering the inside of the generator 9 during the work. Similarly, the bolt 32b of the rotor plate 16 can be prevented from entering the inside of the generator 9 during work, as long as it is locked and contracted inside and removed from the inside of the protective tube. In this case, an opening is provided at a position corresponding to the bolt 32b of the plate member 19b of the stator plate 19, and the protective tube is inserted into the opening until it abuts against the plate member 16b. According to the above steps, foreign matter can be prevented from entering when the bolts 3 1 and 32b are locked and closed. This is an effective way to avoid damage to the generator 9. Next, referring to FIG. 2 again, in the wind turbine generator 1 of the present embodiment, it is preferable that the stator plates 18 and 19 are provided with a temporary fixture 3 for temporarily fixing the generator rotor 11 5, 3 6 installation structure is appropriate. For example, when the generator 9 is transported, the generator rotor 11 is temporarily fixed to the stator plate 18''1 9 using the temporary fixtures 35, 36 to maintain the relationship between the generator rotor 11 and the stator 12. The gap prevents the generator 9 from being damaged. In the construction of Fig. 2, -15-201126061, the temporary fixtures 35 and 36 are wedges. In this case, an opening for the wedge to be inserted is formed in the stator plates 18, 19. The wedge is inserted between the generator rotor 1 1 and the stator 12 via the opening, so that the generator rotor 11 and the stator 12 can be temporarily fixed. In another embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2D, a rod-like member such as a pin may be used as the temporary fixtures 35A and 36A. In this case, openings are formed in the stator plates 18, 19 and the rotor plates 15 and 16 to allow the rod members to be inserted. The generator rotor 11 can be temporarily fixed by inserting a rod-like member through an opening provided in the stator plates 18, 19 and the rotor plates 15 and 16. Further, the temporary fixtures 3 5 and 3 6 may have a structure in which the stator plates 18 and 19 and the back plate 14 are temporarily coupled. The structure for temporarily fixing the generator rotor 11 to the stator plates 18, 19 may be of various other configurations. Further, although an embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the foregoing embodiments. In practicing the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes are readily conceivable. In particular, in the second drawing, the rotor plates 15 and 16 are used as the connection structure for connecting the field magnet 13 and the back plate 14 to the sleeve 2 1 . However, for those skilled in the art, It is reasonable to think of various changes that are easy to think about "the structure in which the exciting magnet 13 and the backing plate I 4 are coupled to the sleeve 2 1 ". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a view schematically showing the configuration of a wind power-16-201126061 power generating device in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2A is a view showing in detail a configuration of a generator in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2B is a view showing in detail a partial structure in which a generator rotor and a stator are coupled to a sleeve in an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2C is a view showing a state in which the generator rotor and the stator are separated from the sleeve. 〇 Fig. 2D is a view showing in detail a structure of a generator in another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a diagram showing the preferred steps for tightening the bolts inside the generator. Figure 4 is a diagram showing the preferred steps for tightening the bolts inside the generator. Figure 5 is a diagram showing the preferred steps for tightening the bolts inside the generator. [Main component symbol description] 1 : Wind power generation device 2: Tower 3: Engine room seat plate 4: Main shaft 5, 6: Bearing 7, 8: Bearing housing 9: Generator-17- 201126061 1 1 : Generator rotor 12: Stator 13: Excitation magnet 1 4: Back plate 15, 16: Rotor plate 1 6 a, 1 6 b: Plate member 17: Stator winding 18, 19: Stator plates 18a, 18b, 19a, 19b: Plate Member 20: Bearing retaining ring 21: Sleeve 2 1 a: Flange 2 2: End plate 23, 24: Generator bearing 2 5: Oil compression port clamp 25a: Fixing ring 2 5 b: Movable ring 43b: Bolt 31 32a' 32b, 33, 34, 43a, 3 5, 3 6 : temporary fixture 4 1 : protective tube 42 : cover 4 4 : binding tool 4 5 : cover. -18-