201116347 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明大致係關於一種包覆管體的方法，且更特定十 之’係關於一種使用粉末冶金及熱均壓包覆管體的方法。 【先前技術】 蒸汽產生器（又稱為鍋爐）被應用於各種系統。例如，锅 爐可以產生蒸汽，該蒸汽可以用於一渦輪以用於產生電力 且在化學程序中提供能量以引發一化學反應。一些鍋爐包 括一或多層壁，每一層由複數個管體組成，該等壁彼此緊 固，因此在該鍋爐内部圍繞一燃燒室。在該燃燒室内部可 以佈置額外的管體組群。 该等管體之每一個也具有界定延伸穿過管體之一通道的 一内表面◎該複數個管體的每一個的一端可與一供水聯集 箱流體連it，同肖該複數料體的每—個的—相對端可與 一蒸汽聯集箱流體連通◎該鍋爐操作期間，燃燒通常發生 在該燃燒室中且熱水流經該等通道，產生被饋送至㈣汽 聯集相的蒸汽。該姆燒室中的今蓉；as；牌认aL ± 衣A..、/凡至T的忒寺官體的外表面曝露於腐 蝕該等管體的燃料、燃燒、熱量及燃燒副產品中。結果係 縮減了該等管體的可使用壽命。 【發明内容】 、據本文說明的態樣，本發明提供一種包覆管體的; 二:其包括將—第一管體定位至一第二管體内部。該内】 仏藉由-亥第一官體界定且第二管體之該外直徑經定大小 其使得該第—管體與該第二管體之間形成-環形間隙。^ 151034.doc 201116347 該環形間隙中沉積一粉末金屬 ^ „ R. 由此形成一官體總成。哕 等間隙上置放蓋。自哮擇犯〇亥 Λ 4隙抽空污染物且密封兮門 隙。該管體總成經熱均麼達到 Μ間 ^ w ^ ^ 仅預疋時間以產生可加工 處理成為一包覆管體的一鋼坯。 根據本文揭示的其他態樣，該第一管體可以 鋼製成且該第二管體可以_0金 t 體了由一奥氏體鋼製成。沉積在玆严 形間隙中的該粉末金屬可以且 Λ衣 少 蜀J 乂/、有—Inc〇nel 025合金的_矣且 成。 根據本文揭示的其他態樣’該第—管體可以由—低 鋼製成且4第—官體可以由低碳鋼製成且作為-犧牲性容 器以保護該粉末層及提供進—步處理期間的潤滑。在此情 況下’該粉末金屬具有大約百分之五十的鎳及大約百分之 五十的絡之一組成。 以下圖示及實施方式說明了上述内容及其他特徵。 【實施方式】 且其中相似元件係相似 現參考係例示性實施例之圖式 地編號。 &通常在腐姓性環境中操作的管體係使用例如熱噴塗或蒸 汽沉積技術塗布以提供一更具保護性的表面層。在最惡劣 的％ i兄中已採用藉由共擠壓製成的包覆管體 '然而，尤其 在長期曝露於熱循環情況中’由於與該奥氏體鋼與肥粒鋼 之間的熱膨脹係數不匹配相關的應力，以此方式形成的結 合的完整性限制可以引起剝離。 在本發明中，引進一合金粉末層將改良結合完整性且因 151034.doc 201116347 為該熱膨脹係數介於該奥氏體鋼與該肥粒鋼的該等熱膨張 係數之間，所以熱應力影響將會降低。 圖1顯示待用一包覆管體12包覆的一管體1〇。該管體1〇 由一低合金鋼製成且該包覆管體12由一合適的抗腐餘性材 料（例如奥氏體鋼）製成。如下所述，該包覆管體12經定大 小以裝合於該管體10上。因此，該包覆管體12具有藉由一 直徑D1界定的一内表面14且該管體1〇具有藉由一外直徑 D2界定的一外表面16 ’該外直徑D2小於該内直徑D J。同 時’該包覆管體12被描述為由奥氏體鋼製成，根據其預期 用途’已預想到該包覆管體也可以由其他材料製成。 如圖2所示 菔緦成1 8包括該管 軸地定位在該包覆管體12的内部，由此界定其間之一實質 上均勻寬度W1的一環形間隙20。該管體10的一内表面^ 及該包覆管體12的一外表面24分開一距離T1。在組裝期 間，該管體10藉由一合適的夾具（未顯示）保持在該包覆管 體12内部的適當位置以維持該均勻寬度w卜同時，該環 形間隙20經顯示且描述為具有實質上均勻寬度们，也可 以使用不均勻空穴而不f離本發明揭示的各種態樣。 如圖3所示，該環形間隙2〇被填充一粉末金屬26，例 如’其具有*约等於一 Inconel 625合金（刪標號n〇6吻 之組成的一化學組成。由任-合適的方法，例如(而不 限制於)-重力饋送及/或一加壓空氣饋送裝置，該粉末金 屬26可以沉積在該環形間隙勒部。同時，該粉末金屬％ 描述為具有大約等於一 —625合金之組成的一化學组 I51034.doc 201116347 成’其他組成包括（而不限制於）具有大約5 〇%鎳及大約 50〇/〇鉻的一組成，也可以使用具有大約4〇至6〇%鉻的一組 成或具有大約40至60%鎳的一組成而不背離本發明揭示的 各種態樣。 參考圖3及圖4，蓋28被置於該等管體1〇、12的該等端面 之上。基本上全部污染物例如液體、空氣及氣體自該環形 間隙20抽空，同時保留該粉末金屬26於其内。藉由合適的 方法，例如一真空泵（未顯示）完成該環形間隙2〇的抽空。 貫際上，忒蓋28係藉由焊接固定於鄰接該端面3〇之該管體 10及邊包覆f體12;且另__蓋2&焊接至鄰接相對端面32之 該管體及該包覆管體12，由此將該粉末金屬26密封在該 環形間隙20中。藉由附接—真空管體％進人至貫穿進入至 間隙20的-接α38 ’進行該環形間隙2()的抽空。真空管體 36連接至—抽m。當完絲空時密㈣接口38且移除 該真空管體36。 圖4所示該管體總成18經熱均壓達到_段敎時間以燒 結該粉末金屬26且結合該粉末金屬至該f體⑺的該外表面 覆管體12的該内表面14。該熱均隸得該管體總 合適的高溫且包括施加合適的高壓至該管體ι〇 的内該包覆管體12的外表面24及該蓋 其中該高厂堅藉由複數個指示為「p」之箭頭所指 圖5中，該管體總成18，顯 體總成181經由該熱均壓之後 不為具有密封之接口 38。該管 ，壓縮該環形間隙20至一均勻 I51034.doc 201116347 寬度W2，其小於在熱均壓之前的該寬度買1。另外，由於 該熱均壓’該内表面22與該外表面24之間的該距離T1減少 至一距離T2。該管體總成1 8,可以用作為一鋼坯，其藉由 擠壓或一些其他縮減程序可以進一步處理以製成一預期尺 寸及厚度的一段包覆管體。 將該鋼坯縮減及變形至預期尺寸、形狀及厚度實際上改 良該等管體1 0，12的該結合》 如本文所述將該熱均壓應用於使用該粉末金屬％之該管 體總成18係有效用，因為相較於由其他包覆程序製成的包 覆管體（例如由其中該管體與包覆彼此接觸的程序製成的 包覆管體）’本文所述能使該燒結粉末金屬26與該包覆管 體12的内表面14與該管體1〇的外表面16之間的結合得到改 良。具有等於一 Inc〇nel 625合金的組成的該粉末金屬^的 使用在改良此結合方面尤其有效用。 將該熱均壓制至該管體總成18(其巾該粉末金屬邮 f大約50%錄及大約50%鉻的一組成）對於在該管體與該 管體12之間提供一抗腐蝕性層方面具有進一步效用，在此 凊況下，该官體12由低碳鋼製成且作為一犧牲性組件以封 裝該粉末金屬且經由酸洗自該完成管體移除。 雖然已參考各種例示性實施例描述了本發明但是熟悉 此項技術者應瞭解對於本文^件所作各種修改及等同物的 替換都不背離本發明的料。此外，可進行許多修改以針 ^發明教示調適—特殊情形或材料而不脫離本發明的實 質範疇。因此，希望本發明不僅不受限於揭示作為實現本 i51034.doc 201116347 發明而涵蓋$,, 义敢佳核型的特殊實施例，而且本發明 落入隨附請灰頂梦# 、匕括 π不項軏疇的所有實施例。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係懕兔〗夕义& 于之則的—管體及一包覆管體的—截面 圖； 兄 圖2係壓製之前的_管體總成的—部分的一截面 圖； 圖係圖2所示且具有佈置其間的一粉末金屬的一管體總 成的部分之一載面端視圖； 圖4係圖3所示且其上佈置端蓋的該管體總成的一截面端 視圖；及 圖5係壓製之後的圖4之該管體總成的一截面端視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 管體 12 包覆管體 14 包覆管體内表面 16 管體外表面 18 管體總成 18' 管體總成 20 環形間隙 22 管體内表面 24 包覆管體外表面 26 粉末金屬 28 塞蓋 151034.doc 201116347 30 32 34 36 38 D1 D2 ΤΙ T2 W1 W2 端面 端面 塞蓋曝露表面 真空管體 接口 包覆管體内徑 管體外徑 間隔距離 距離 均匀寬度 均匀寬度 151034.doc201116347 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention generally relates to a method of coating a tubular body, and more particularly to a method of coating a tubular body using powder metallurgy and thermal pressure equalization. [Prior Art] A steam generator (also referred to as a boiler) is applied to various systems. For example, a boiler can generate steam that can be used in a turbine to generate electricity and provide energy in a chemical process to initiate a chemical reaction. Some boilers include one or more walls, each layer consisting of a plurality of tubes that are secured to one another so that a combustion chamber is enclosed within the interior of the boiler. Additional tubular body groups can be placed inside the combustion chamber. Each of the tubes also has an inner surface defining a passage extending through one of the tubes ◎ one end of each of the plurality of tubes may be fluidly connected to a water supply header, and the plurality of bodies Each of the opposite ends may be in fluid communication with a steam header. During operation of the boiler, combustion typically occurs in the combustion chamber and hot water flows through the passages to produce steam that is fed to the (four) vapor phase. . Jin Rong; as; card recognizes aL ± clothing A.., / the outer surface of the body of the temple is exposed to the fuel, combustion, heat and combustion by-products that corrode the pipes. The result is a reduction in the useful life of the tubes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the aspect described herein, the present invention provides a coated tubular body. Second, it comprises positioning a first tubular body into a second tubular body. The inner diameter of the first tubular body is defined by the first body and the outer diameter of the second tubular body is sized such that an annular gap is formed between the first tubular body and the second tubular body. ^ 151034.doc 201116347 A powder metal is deposited in the annular gap ^ „ R. This forms a body assembly. The cover is placed on the gap. The self-squeaking choice is used to evacuate the pollutants and seal the door. The tube body assembly is heated to a mean time to obtain a billet that can be processed into a coated tube body. According to other aspects disclosed herein, the first tube body It can be made of steel and the second pipe body can be made of austenitic steel. The powder metal deposited in the z-shaped gap can be less than J 乂 /, with - Inc 〇 025 alloy _ 矣 成. According to other aspects disclosed herein 'the first tube body can be made of - low steel and 4 - body can be made of low carbon steel and as a - sacrificial container Protecting the powder layer and providing lubrication during the further processing. In this case, the powder metal has a composition of about fifty percent nickel and about fifty percent of the network. The following figures and embodiments The above content and other features are described. [Embodiment] Similarly, reference is made to the drawings of the exemplary embodiments. & The tube system typically operated in a rot environment is coated using, for example, thermal spray or vapor deposition techniques to provide a more protective surface layer. The coated tube made by co-extrusion has been used in the % i brother's 'however, especially in the case of long-term exposure to thermal cycling' because of the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the austenitic steel and the fertilized steel The associated stress, the integrity of the bond formed in this manner can cause peeling. In the present invention, the introduction of an alloy powder layer will improve the integrity of the bond and the thermal expansion coefficient is between the austenitic steel and 151034.doc 201116347 Between these thermal expansion coefficients of the fertilized steel, the thermal stress effect will be reduced. Figure 1 shows a tube body 1待 to be coated with a coated tube body 12. The tube body 1 is low Made of alloy steel and the coated tubular body 12 is made of a suitable anti-corrosion material (for example, austenitic steel). As described below, the coated tubular body 12 is sized to fit into the tubular body. 10. Therefore, the coated tube body 12 has a borrow An inner surface 14 defined by a diameter D1 and having an outer surface 16' defined by an outer diameter D2 is smaller than the inner diameter DJ. Meanwhile, the cladding tube 12 is depicted Made of austenitic steel, according to its intended use, it has been envisaged that the coated tubular body can also be made of other materials. As shown in Fig. 2, the braided tube 18 is positioned in the cladding. The interior of the tubular body 12 thereby defining an annular gap 20 having a substantially uniform width W1 therebetween. An inner surface of the tubular body 10 and an outer surface 24 of the cladding tubular body 12 are separated by a distance T1. During assembly, the tubular body 10 is held in position within the coated tubular body 12 by a suitable clamp (not shown) to maintain the uniform width, while the annular gap 20 is shown and described as having substantially For uniform widths, it is also possible to use uneven cavities without departing from the various aspects disclosed herein. As shown in FIG. 3, the annular gap 2 is filled with a powder metal 26, for example, which has a chemical composition of approximately equal to an Inconel 625 alloy (deleted by the composition of n〇6 kisses. By any suitable method, For example, without limitation, gravity feed and/or a pressurized air feed device, the powder metal 26 may be deposited in the annular gap portion. Meanwhile, the powder metal % is described as having a composition approximately equal to the one-625 alloy. A chemical group I51034.doc 201116347 into 'another composition including (without limitation to) a composition having about 5% nickel and about 50 bismuth/rhenium chrome, and one having about 4 〇 to 6 〇% chromium can also be used. A composition comprising or having a composition of about 40 to 60% nickel without departing from the various aspects disclosed herein. Referring to Figures 3 and 4, a cover 28 is placed over the end faces of the tubular bodies 1, 12, 12. Substantially all of the contaminants, such as liquid, air and gas, are evacuated from the annular gap 20 while retaining the powder metal 26. The evacuation of the annular gap 2 is accomplished by a suitable method, such as a vacuum pump (not shown). Gradually 28 is fixed to the tube body 10 adjacent to the end surface 3〇 by welding and covered with the f body 12; and the other cover is welded to the tube body adjacent to the opposite end surface 32 and the cladding tube body 12, The powder metal 26 is thereby sealed in the annular gap 20. The evacuation of the annular gap 2 () is carried out by attaching the vacuum tube body % into the junction 38a into the gap 20. The vacuum tube body 36 is connected. To - pump m. When the wire is empty, the dense (four) interface 38 and remove the vacuum tube body 36. The tube body assembly 18 shown in Figure 4 is subjected to thermal pressure equalization for a period of time to sinter the powder metal 26 and incorporate the The powder metal to the outer surface of the body (14) overlies the inner surface 14 of the tubular body 12. The heat is generally at a suitable elevated temperature for the tubular body and includes applying a suitable high pressure to the inner portion of the tubular body The outer surface 24 of the tubular body 12 and the cover, wherein the high factory is indicated by the plurality of arrows indicated as "p", in the tubular body assembly 18, after the thermal assembly of the display assembly 181 Not a sealed interface 38. The tube compresses the annular gap 20 to a uniform I51034.doc 201116347 width W2, which is less than the heat average The width before pressing is 1. In addition, the distance T1 between the inner surface 22 and the outer surface 24 is reduced to a distance T2 due to the heat equalization. The tube assembly 18 can be used as a billet. It can be further processed by extrusion or some other reduction procedure to produce a length of coated body of a desired size and thickness. The slab is reduced and deformed to the desired size, shape and thickness to actually improve the tubes 1 This combination of 0, 12 applies the hot equalization to the tube assembly 18 using the powder metal % as described herein because it is compared to a coated tube made by other coating procedures. (e.g., a coated tubular body made by a procedure in which the tubular body is in contact with each other). The sintered powder metal 26 and the inner surface 14 of the coated tubular body 12 and the tubular body 1 are described herein. The bond between the outer surfaces 16 is improved. The use of this powder metal having a composition equal to that of an Alloy 625 alloy is particularly effective in improving this bonding. Pressing the heat to the tube assembly 18 (a composition of about 50% of the powder metal and about 50% chromium) provides a corrosion resistance between the tube and the tube 12. The layer has further utility, in which case the body 12 is made of mild steel and acts as a sacrificial component to encapsulate the powder metal and is removed from the finished body via pickling. While the invention has been described with reference to the various embodiments of the present invention, it is understood that the various modifications and equivalents of the invention may be made without departing from the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to the inventions of the inventions. Therefore, it is desirable that the present invention is not limited to the disclosure of a special embodiment that covers the $,, and the scorpion karyotype as the invention of the present invention, and that the present invention falls into the accompanying gray top dream #, 匕 π Not all embodiments of the domain. [Simple diagram of the figure] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the tube body and a coated tube body of the rabbit. The brother figure 2 is the part of the tube assembly before pressing. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a tubular body assembly having a powder metal disposed therebetween; FIG. 4 is a view of the tubular body of FIG. A cross-sectional end view of the assembly; and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional end view of the tube assembly of Figure 4 after pressing. [Main component symbol description] 10 Tube body 12 Covered tube body 14 Covered tube inner surface 16 Tube external surface 18 Tube assembly 18' Tube assembly 20 Ring gap 22 Tube inner surface 24 Cover tube outer surface 26 powder metal 28 plug cap 151034.doc 201116347 30 32 34 36 38 D1 D2 ΤΙ T2 W1 W2 end face plug cap exposed surface vacuum tube body interface tube body inner diameter tube outer diameter spacing distance uniform width uniform width 151034.doc