201106606 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發_關於-種單相馬達，尤其是―種換相角變換裝置之單相 【先前技術】201106606 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a single-phase motor, in particular, a single phase of a commutation angle conversion device [Prior Art]
馬達應用極為廣泛’其主要結構包含固定的定子及相對於定子旋触 亦二轉子與疋子必須至少有—者是電磁鐵，另一者可以同樣選擇電磁鐵， 2為水久磁鐵，當電磁鐵被選擇作為轉子時，树必驗賴電刷作為賴 目轉^電嘯梁，即為有刷馬達。至於一般無刷馬達，則常以永久磁鐵作 =轉子，错由、_觀於鐵料而構成作為定子之電磁鐵。使科，對線 勵磁’以雜相斥及相吸原理，推拉永磁轉子使其轉動；且勵磁方 向㈣間變換，以改變電磁鐵磁極的磁性，此種勵磁方向的變換即為換相。 ^定子中頓芯形狀及線圈纏繞方式，又可分為單相馬逹或多相馬 ，、、结構最簡單的單相馬達’其定子磁極僅具有一種作用模式，如圖^ 之磁輛部12内定子1 ’是共同受一組勵磁線圈組η纏繞，使得奋圖式 j下方向σ軸）磁輛部12為Ν極時，左右兩側(χ轴方向）磁輕部二W ’ 士之亦然:且為感測換相時機，在如圖式右上方略呈45度角位置，設 置有個作為永磁轉子磁極位置感應器的霍爾元件3。 ，達未趙爾’永補子雜間之磁力會鶴轉子停止於最小磁 。，耻’圖中定子雜部12形狀之偏向，可以驅使外轉子2的磁極 =所不，偏轉停止於較上述χγ軸方向略呈逆時針方向之位置，且在 卜太如所示’使岐子〗在γ軸方向形成ν極，X方向形成$極， i將〜甘a朝逆時針方向繞一姉Ο旋轉，在此圖中，為簡化敘述，並 :疋、他三個磁絲12之磁極對永磁外轉子2之作用標示出。 如圖4所不，當永磁外轉子2的N轉至圖式左上方，則定子左側磁極 201106606 的S極與定子上方磁極N極的一拉一推，合力恰在切線方向，驅動外轉子 2加速逆時針旋轉。如圖5所示，當永磁外轉子2的N極與s極介面與樞 轴〇連線恰經過Μ元件3時，霍爾元件3將傳輸—個換相信號給控制裝 置(圖未示）’使付線圈組11中的電流方向顛倒換相，内定子1中之磁概# 12之磁極方向將隨即變換如圖6所示，在上下方向為s極，左右側為ν極， 此時内定子1磁輛部12之磁極對於永磁外轉子2磁極所施加推力雖沒有切 向分力而無推動的效果，但由於永磁外轉子2帶有角速度ω而受‘償性旋轉， 立即又發生推力而繼續驅動轉子逆時針旋轉。 然而，當線圈組11中已經流經有電流，並使線圈組U與磁扼勵磁， 即2立即反向提供電流’定子雜部12之雜健會有約數百微秒㈣的 磁滯情況’才能逐漸反應換相，使雜顛倒。故由霍爾元件3將訊號傳輸 至控制裝置，控制裝置再驅動電路換相f要上述約數百微秒的時間，一旦 轉速ω提升至-定程度，將會發生如圖7所示，換相時機過晚，永磁外轉 子2雜已經超勒奸丨雜位置，則鱗圖式上方轉子s極將受到 内定子1上方尚未即時換相的錄刻，且產生順時針方向的逆向切線分 力’反向拖慢外轉子2運行，平白消耗轉動動能、降低馬達輸出功率。 為^部分馬達製造者將霍爾元件之置放位置略微順時針方向偏移調 整’使仔馬達在某預定縣轉速時，細元件可以提早若干毫秒感測到永 =轉子磁極介面，提供換相訊號而及早換相；但是，此機構在加速至預 定的理心轉速w之慢速運轉過程巾，必須承讀子磁極尚未抵達適當位 置，定子線圈就提早換相所造成的反向推力、以及該反峰力造成的能量 她。尤其’-旦觀提升至冑職默理想轉速後，上賴相過慢而拉 1轉子的無效率問題仍會出現，從而限制此種馬達的高鱗卫作範圍。 【發明内容】 本發明之目的在於提供—種可隨轉子觀改變換相肖，提升馬達工作 效率的具有換相肖變純置之單相馬達。 201106606 本發明之另-目的在於提供—種高效率王作範圍不輕易受到轉速舰 的具有換相角變換裝置之單相馬達。 本發明之次-目的在於提供-麵顧單、與财馬達相雜極高而 降低電力虛耗的具有換相角變換裝置之單相馬達。 依照本發明揭露之具有換相艘絲置之單相馬達，包含：—組具有 複數線圈、及魏分麟應鱗_錢各麟應__之雜部的定 子；一組具有偶數彼此相間隔且極性相反之磁極、並依照一個預定方向沿 著-個姉相對該定子旋轉之永磁轉子；及一組換相角變換装置，包括一 籲組供致能該等線圈、並可換相供能該等線圈之致能模組；一組當該永磁轉 子之-預疋雜狀態位置通過時’輸出—位置錢訊叙永磁轉子位置感 α。及、·且接收該位置感應模組傳來之該位置感應訊號，獲得該永磁 轉子轉速’及依照該永磁轉子轉速、在該永磁轉子之該預定磁性狀態位置 與該樞軸連線相對該位置感應模組與該樞軸連線達一對應該轉速之換相角 時驅動該致能模組換相供能的控制模組。 在最佳、擇下’控制拉組直接依照位置感應模組傳來的位置感應訊號 即可計算出轉子轉速，並藉由此轉着料，找出適當前置量，在永磁轉子 #之預定磁性狀態位置通過位置感應模組前的適當換相角就預先改變定子 線圈中的慨，提前—角度進行齡，使得轉子雜财對應較子磁極 時’定子磁極恰好完成換相，不僅使永磁轉子轉動更為順暢，並可順應各 種轉速而#增廣间效率運轉工作區域，大幅降低因轉速不理想所造成的 無效耗能’有效提升馬達輸出功率，達成上述所有目的。 【實施方式】 _發>^、有換相角*換裝置之單相馬達第一較佳實施例請參關8所 仍係以内疋子馬達為例，主要包括内定子心外轉子$與換相角變換装 、其^内疋子4仍例釋為十字形鐵芯疊置喊，從1^形成四個磁輊部 並由單、線圈組41循序缠繞於各磁輕部42，構成分別用以勵磁各磁軛 201106606 部42的複數線圈組41〇，各工 外轉子5娜、 凸出部分則呈非對稱偏心狀< 外轉子5例釋賴械水久磁鐵，並與内定子 當線圈組41通電使内定子4產吐卿v 服距離而6又置於其外’ 性相吸而推、糾轉子5編性，便如™，漏力之職相斥異 其中換相角變換裝置6之電路方塊圖請參賴9所示 =模:控制模⑽及致能模組63。致能模組63之等效電路圖如圖川 所^在圆8所示轉動開始時，由控制模組62將開關631、 ==632、633則斷開，使得線圈㈣受到勵磁，驅動外轉子t η 5 L子5轉動至如圖U所不的位置，N極與S極介面即將通過柩轴 、目角變換裝置6連線時，由換相角變換裝置6之位置感應模組&將The motor is extremely widely used. Its main structure consists of a fixed stator and a rotating contact with respect to the stator. The rotor and the tweezer must have at least one electromagnet, the other can also select an electromagnet, 2 is a long-lasting magnet, when electromagnetic When the iron is selected as the rotor, the tree must be tested as a brushed motor. As for the general brushless motor, the permanent magnet is often used as the rotor, and the electromagnet as the stator is formed by the iron material. Make the line, the line excitation 'by the principle of heterogeneous repulsive and attracting, push and pull the permanent magnet rotor to rotate; and the excitation direction (four) is changed to change the magnetic pole of the electromagnet pole, the transformation of the excitation direction is Commutation. ^The shape of the core in the stator and the winding method of the coil can be divided into single-phase horse or multi-phase horse, and the simplest single-phase motor's stator magnetic pole has only one mode of action, as shown in Fig. When the sub- 1 'is entangled by a set of excitation coil sets η so that the y-axis of the lower direction σ axis) is the Ν-axis, the left and right sides (the direction of the χ-axis) are two light parts of the W's Also: for the sensing commutation timing, a Hall element 3 as a permanent magnet rotor magnetic pole position sensor is provided at an angle of 45 degrees at the upper right of the figure. , Dawei Zhaoer 'The magnetic force of the Yongbuzi Miscellaneous will stop at the minimum magnetic. The shame's shape of the stator shunt 12 is biased to drive the outer pole 2's magnetic pole = no, the deflection stops at a position slightly counterclockwise from the χ γ-axis direction, and the scorpion is shown in the picture The γ-axis direction forms a ν pole, the X direction forms a $ pole, and i ～ 甘a rotates counterclockwise around a turn. In this figure, for simplicity, and: 疋, the magnetic pole pairs of the three magnetic wires 12 The action of the permanent magnet outer rotor 2 is indicated. As shown in Fig. 4, when the N of the permanent magnet outer rotor 2 is turned to the upper left of the figure, the S pole of the left magnetic pole 201106606 of the stator and the N pole of the magnetic pole above the stator are pulled and pushed together, and the resultant force is in the tangential direction, driving the outer rotor. 2 accelerate counterclockwise rotation. As shown in FIG. 5, when the N-pole and s-electrode interfaces of the permanent magnet outer rotor 2 and the pivotal 〇 line pass through the Μ element 3, the Hall element 3 transmits a commutation signal to the control device (not shown). 'The current direction in the coil group 11 is reversed and the phase of the magnetic pole in the inner stator 1 will be changed as shown in Fig. 6. The upper and lower sides are s poles, and the left and right sides are ν poles. Although the magnetic pole of the magnet portion 12 of the stator 1 has no tangential component force and no pushing effect on the thrust applied to the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet outer rotor 2, since the permanent magnet outer rotor 2 has an angular velocity ω, it is subjected to a compensatory rotation. The thrust again occurs and continues to drive the rotor to rotate counterclockwise. However, when a current has flowed through the coil group 11, and the coil group U is excited with the magnetic pole, that is, 2 immediately provides reverse current. The stator of the stator 12 has a hysteresis of about several hundred microseconds (four). The situation 'can gradually react to the commutation and turn the impurities upside down. Therefore, the signal is transmitted from the Hall element 3 to the control device, and the control device re-drives the circuit to f phase f for about several hundred microseconds. Once the rotational speed ω is raised to a certain level, it will occur as shown in FIG. The timing is too late, the permanent magnet outer rotor 2 has been over-reported and the noisy position, then the upper s pole of the scale diagram will be recorded by the inner stator 1 without immediate commutation, and the reverse tangential line in the clockwise direction will be generated. The force 'reversely slows down the operation of the outer rotor 2, which consumes rotational kinetic energy and reduces motor output power. For the part of the motor manufacturer, the position of the Hall element is slightly shifted clockwise. When the motor is at a predetermined county speed, the fine element can sense the permanent = rotor pole interface a few milliseconds earlier, providing commutation. The signal is phased out early; however, the mechanism is accelerating to a predetermined speed of rotation w, the slow running process must be read that the sub-pole has not yet reached the proper position, the reverse rotation caused by the early commutation of the stator coil, and The anti-peak force caused her energy. In particular, the problem of inefficiency in pulling the rotor is too slow, and the problem of inefficiency in pulling the rotor is still present, thus limiting the range of the high scale of the motor. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a single-phase motor having a commutation and a chirping purely, which can change the commutation phase with the rotor view and improve the working efficiency of the motor. 201106606 Another object of the present invention is to provide a single-phase motor having a commutation angle conversion device that is not easily subjected to a high-speed kingdom. The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a single-phase motor having a commutation angle conversion device which is extremely high in complexity and low in power consumption. A single-phase motor having a commutating ship wire according to the present invention comprises: a group having a plurality of coils, and a stator of Wei Zilin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ And a magnetic pole of opposite polarity, and a permanent magnet rotor that rotates relative to the stator according to a predetermined direction; and a set of commutating angle changing devices, including a set of holes for enabling the coils, and for reversing The enabling module of the coils; a set of positions of the permanent magnet rotor when the position of the pre-noisy state of the permanent magnet rotor passes. And receiving the position sensing signal from the position sensing module to obtain the permanent magnet rotor speed 'and connecting to the pivot line according to the permanent magnet rotor speed in the predetermined magnetic state position of the permanent magnet rotor The control module for driving the enabling module to be phase-energized when the position sensing module and the pivot line are connected to each other at a commutation angle of the rotating speed. In the best, select the 'control pull group directly according to the position sensing signal from the position sensing module to calculate the rotor speed, and by this transfer material, find the appropriate pre-position, in the permanent magnet rotor # The predetermined magnetic state position is changed in advance in the stator coil by the appropriate commutation angle before the position sensing module, and the age is advanced in advance, so that the rotor miscellaneous money corresponds to the sub-magnetic pole, and the stator magnetic pole just completes the commutation, which not only makes the Yong The magnetic rotor rotates more smoothly, and can adapt to various speeds and increase the efficiency of the working area, greatly reducing the inefficient energy consumption caused by the unsatisfactory speed of rotation, effectively increasing the motor output power, achieving all of the above objectives. [Embodiment] _ hair > ^, single-phase motor with commutation angle * changing device, the first preferred embodiment, please refer to the 8 is still the inner scorpion motor, mainly including the inner stator outer rotor $ and The commutation angle conversion device and the inner dice 4 are still interposed as a cross-shaped iron core stacking shouting, forming four magnetic cymbal portions from 1^ and sequentially winding the magnetic coil portions 42 by the single coil group 41. The plurality of coil sets 41 分别 for respectively exciting the yokes 201106606 42 are respectively arranged, and the outer rotor 5 and the convex portion are asymmetrically eccentrically shaped; the outer rotor 5 is an example of a long-lasting magnet, and The inner stator is energized when the coil assembly 41 is energized so that the inner stator 4 produces the vomiting v and the distance is 6 and the outer stator is placed outside the body. The sex is sucked and the rotor is corrected, so that the TM is leaked. The circuit block diagram of the phase angle conversion device 6 is shown in Fig. 9 = mode: control mode (10) and enabling module 63. The equivalent circuit diagram of the enabling module 63 is as shown in the figure 8 when the rotation starts at the circle 8, and the switch 631, ==632, 633 is disconnected by the control module 62, so that the coil (4) is excited and driven outside. The rotor t η 5 L sub- 5 is rotated to a position as shown in Fig. U. When the N-pole and S-pole interfaces are to be connected through the x-axis and the eye-angle conversion device 6, the position sensing module &;will
41測到的位置訊息傳至控賴組62，此時㈣模組W靖外轉子5之N 極與S極介面特通過姉〇與換相錢換裝置6連線已經到達該換相 位置，並控制致能模組63中的開關63卜伽斷開，開關6幻、阳則閉合 形成鹏’使傳輸通過線敝q的電力方向改變以變換峽子*之磁性 方向。 八尤其在本例中，由於外轉子5每轉一圈，將有四個外轉子N、S磁極之 介面通過位置感應模組6卜控制模組62將可藉由接收位置感應模組^訊 麵率，計算出外轉子5之轉速。因此當例如每隔5 ms即有-個外轉子5 之磁極介面通過位置感應模組61，則與時脈訊號模、組04傳來之時脈訊號比 對後，控制模組62可以直接算出轉子轉速為3〇〇〇 φΙη(轉/分鐘），同時轉 子轉速亦可表示為： 360 /轉 X 3〇〇〇 轉/分 + 60000 毫秒/分=187ms 故若為因應500 μδ之線圈與磁軛的磁滯延遲現象，將如圖12所示，必 須提早約9度開始換相，為便於理解，在此定義此種提前換相之角度為換 相角。亦即’當本例中外轉子具有四個磁極，每個磁極介面與相鄰磁極介 面間隔90°時，以間隔角度減除換相角除以轉速： 201106606 (90 -9°)-rl87ms= 4.5 ms 可以得知，當控纖組62獲得前一次外轉子5磁極之介面通過位置感 應模組6丨後4.5毫秒’提早驅紐賴組63進行触，使轉子轉動至圖 13所不正對定子雜時，定子線圈及_中的磁場恰好完成換相持續驅 動轉子有效旋轉。 同理，當轉子轉速提高至例如侧啊時，轉速可換算為％度_， 且換相角將提早至12度，由此 (90〇-12°)-247ms=3.25 ms 亦即’控制模組62將在每次量得轉子雜介面通過後的3 25毫秒進行 換相’觀補償換相過程巾之磁滯等延遲，此時可避免内定子4換相延遲， 造成内定子4的雜反向_外轉子5 _而互辦婦形發生且如上 述案例之計算，轉速愈高，換相角愈大。 S然，如熟悉本技術領域者可以輕易理解，上述轉子具有四磁極、定 子具有四雜，以及採科轉子馬料結構，僅為娜而已，並非對本案 之偈限^為繪示及解說之方便，以下第二實施例仍採肋磁極結構， ^非*簡單地若轉子與定子均改為六磁極、六磁輛僅需將上述介面間 隔由90°改為6G°即可，並無任何困難。 —且在第二較佳實施例中，如圖14及15所示，是改朗轉子馬達為例， 外疋子7為具有—個圓環狀之本體，並向内延伸四個端部呈兩側凸突出中 央凹的非對稱偏〜狀磁輕部72，而内轉子8則為—随狀永久磁鐵，並 认置在外d 7崎形成巧铸分齡且本實施繼腿組％中之線 圈、、且係如圖16之等效電路所示，由兩組反向纏繞之線圈組π、η，分臟 %至四個磁1¾。卩72’構成—組分纖繞每_磁輥部72的複數勵磁線圈 7ΐο及反向纏繞所有磁概部η的另—組複數勵磁線圈 710’ ；且兩線圈組 71 71刀別又開關931與932的控制，兩組開關931與932輪流斷路/閉合。 故田内轉子8旋轉至預定換袖，亦即轉子磁極間隔械位置感應模組％ 201106606 與柩轴連線夹角恰等於該換相角時，開關931與開關932中，原先斷路者 閉合，原先閉合者斷路，使得纏繞方向不一樣的線圈組71、71，換向勵磁導 通’達到使定子磁極磁性變換之換相目的。 當然’如熟悉本技術領域者所能輕易理解，本例中亦可採用獨立之逮 度感測模組94，直接量測轉子8之轉速，並將訊號傳輸給控継組％，從 而獲得轉子轉速，樣地，當内轉子8的某_個n極與s極介面經過位置 感應模組91與樞轴〇連線後，下一個介面在同樣該連線之前達一個換相角 時’換相角變換裝置9亦會在該時間先行改變勵磁方向並依不同的轉逮 而改變換相肖’轉速;，需提前之換相肖愈大。即使祕實施例中，均 以轉子磁極之介面作為位置感應，但熟於此技術者當可輕易瞭解，若 使用之位賊雜組之精度較高，感鑛綠未舰於轉子雜之介面， 亦可感應該永磁料娜磁極健等之购預定雜狀態位置。 本發明所提供具有換相角變換裝置之單相馬達，與習用技術相互比 較，明顯具有下列優點：The position information detected by 41 is transmitted to the control group 62. At this time, the N-pole and S-pole interfaces of the module (W) outer rotor 5 have reached the phase change position through the connection of the 换 and the commutation money exchange device 6. And the switch 63 in the control module 63 is controlled to be disconnected, and the switch 6 is phantom and the yang is closed to form a pulse, so that the power direction of the transmission through the line 敝q is changed to change the magnetic direction of the gorge*. In particular, in this example, since the outer rotor 5 rotates once, the interface of the four outer rotors N and S will pass through the position sensing module 6 and the control module 62 will be able to receive the position sensing module. The face rate is calculated as the number of revolutions of the outer rotor 5. Therefore, when the magnetic pole interface of the outer rotor 5 passes through the position sensing module 61 every 5 ms, for example, after the clock signal is transmitted from the clock signal mode and the group 04, the control module 62 can directly calculate The rotor speed is 3〇〇〇φΙη (rev/min), and the rotor speed can also be expressed as: 360 / rpm X 3〇〇〇 rev / min + 60000 ms / min = 187ms, so if it is a coil and magnetic corresponding to 500 μδ The hysteresis delay phenomenon of the yoke will be as shown in Fig. 12, and the phase change must start about 9 degrees earlier. For ease of understanding, the angle of the early commutation is defined as the commutation angle. That is, when the outer rotor has four magnetic poles in this example, each of the magnetic pole interfaces is separated from the adjacent magnetic pole interface by 90°, and the commutation angle is divided by the rotational speed by the interval angle: 201106606 (90 -9°)-rl87ms= 4.5 Ms can be seen that when the control fiber group 62 obtains the interface of the previous outer rotor 5 magnetic pole through the position sensing module 6 4.5 4.5 milliseconds, the early drive button 63 touches, causing the rotor to rotate to the stator mismatch of FIG. When the stator coil and the magnetic field in _ just complete the commutation, the rotor is effectively driven to rotate. Similarly, when the rotor speed is increased to, for example, the side, the speed can be converted to % degrees _, and the commutation angle will be early to 12 degrees, thereby (90 〇 -12 °) - 247 ms = 3.25 ms, that is, the 'control mode The group 62 will perform a commutation of the hysteresis of the phase-compensating process of the commutation process after 3 25 milliseconds after each measurement of the rotor interface, and the commutation delay of the inner stator 4 can be avoided, resulting in the misalignment of the inner stator 4. The reverse _ outer rotor 5 _ and the mutual shape of the woman occurs and as calculated in the above case, the higher the rotational speed, the larger the commutation angle. However, as can be easily understood by those skilled in the art, the above-mentioned rotor has four magnetic poles, the stator has four impurities, and the mining rotor rotor material structure is only for Na, and is not limited to the case. Conveniently, the following second embodiment still adopts a rib magnetic pole structure. ^Nonly, if the rotor and the stator are both changed to six magnetic poles and six magnetic poles, it is only necessary to change the above interface interval from 90° to 6G°, and there is no difficult. - and in the second preferred embodiment, as shown in Figs. 14 and 15, a modified rotor motor is taken as an example. The outer rafter 7 has an annular body and extends inwardly at four ends. The two sides are convexly convex and concave, and the inner rotor 8 is a permanent magnet, and is recognized by the outer d 7 and forms the age of the cast. The coils, and as shown in the equivalent circuit of Fig. 16, are composed of two sets of reverse-wound coil groups π, η, and are divided into four parts of the magnetic body 13⁄4.卩72' constitutes a plurality of exciting coils 7'' and a pair of complex exciting coils 710' which are wound around all of the magnetic portions η in reverse; and the two coil sets 71 71 With the control of switches 931 and 932, the two sets of switches 931 and 932 are alternately opened/closed. Therefore, in the field rotor 8 is rotated to the predetermined sleeve change, that is, the rotor magnetic pole spacer position sensing module % 201106606 is exactly equal to the commutation angle when the angle of the connecting line is the same, the switch 931 and the switch 932, the original disconnector is closed, the original The closed circuit is broken, so that the coil groups 71 and 71 having different winding directions, the commutating excitation conduction 'to achieve the purpose of commutating the magnetic pole of the stator magnetic pole. Of course, as can be easily understood by those skilled in the art, in this example, an independent catch sensing module 94 can be used to directly measure the rotational speed of the rotor 8 and transmit the signal to the control group % to obtain the rotor. The rotational speed, the sample ground, when a certain n-pole and s-electrode interfaces of the inner rotor 8 are connected to the pivot axis via the position sensing module 91, and the next interface is changed to a commutation angle before the same connection. The phase angle changing device 9 also changes the excitation direction at this time and changes the commutation speed by different rotations; Even in the secret embodiment, the interface of the rotor magnetic pole is used as the position sensing, but those skilled in the art can easily understand that if the precision of the thief group used is high, the sensory green is not in the rotor interface. It is also possible to sense the position of the predetermined miscellaneous state of the permanent magnet material, such as the magnetic pole. The single-phase motor provided with the commutation angle conversion device of the present invention is compared with the conventional technology, and has the following advantages:
.透過換相㈣換裝i ’定子所受線圈的勵财向將提祕相，使得轉子 轉動至預定位置時，定子磁極恰好即時完成換相，減少轉子在轉動時因 為疋子磁性來不及換相而反向牽制轉子轉動，從而提升馬達之工作效率。 2·由於換$目鱗料财提升而力σΑ，在極廣的讀範_，均可適時換 相使付4達在極大工作範圍内都保有冑工作效率增加馬達使用彈性。 3.轉子因為受到定子吸引牽制影響減少，因而使轉子在轉動時沒有妨礙， =僅_速度不會有被牽制住，也因為轉動順暢對於電力上的消耗也會 因此減少’電力虛耗的情況將會有所改善。 崎者僅本發明讀姆關而已，#不能以紐定本發明 e a，即大凡依本發明巾請專鄕 效變化跡飾，⑽屬本發明專抑蓋之範_。斤作簡早的等 201106606 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係習知單相馬達之内定子結構示意圖； 圖2係1知單相馬達在未受勵磁時結構狀態示意圖； 圖3係圖2馬達由靜止啟崎之狀態示意圖； 圖4係圖2馬達_過程狀態示意圖； 圖5係圖2馬達在理想換相起始賴之運轉紐示意圖； 圖6係圖2馬達在理想換相完細m魏態示意圖； 圖7係圖2馬達在轉速過高、錯誤抵銷内耗能量時之運轉狀態示惫· • ® 8係為本發明具有換相艘換裝置之單相馬達結構示意S1 圖’ 圖9係圖8實施例換相角變換裝置之結構方塊圖； 圖10係圖8實施例致能模組之等效電路圖； 圖11係圖8實施例之運轉狀態示意圖，說明轉子速度感夠方式； 圖12係圖8實施例之換相起始瞬間運轉狀態示意圖，說明換相角 算與提前； 、之計 圖13係圖8實施例之換相角提前後，換相完成瞬間之運轉狀態示意圖； 圖Μ係為本發明第二較佳實施例的具有換相角變換裝置之單相馬達結 構不意圖， 圖15係圖14實施例圖換相角變換裝置之結構方塊圖；以及 圖16係圖14實施例致能模組之等效電路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 ' 4 内定子 11、41、71、71， 線圈組 410、710、710， 線圈 12、42、72 磁軛部 2 > 5 外轉子 3 霍爾元件 201106606 6'9 換相角變換裝置 61 ' 91 位置感應模組 62、92 控制模組 63 ' 93 致能模組 64 時脈訊號模組 7 外定子 8 内轉子 0 樞軸 63 卜 632、633、634、93 卜 932 開關 94 速度感測模組Through the commutation (4), the excitation of the coil received by the i' stator will reveal the secret phase, so that when the rotor rotates to the predetermined position, the stator magnetic pole just completes the commutation immediately, reducing the rotor's magneticity due to the dice being turned when the rotor is rotating. The reverse rotation of the rotor reverses, thereby improving the working efficiency of the motor. 2. Due to the increase in the amount of money and the increase in the amount of money, in the wide range of reading _, you can change the time in a timely manner to make the 4 to maintain the work efficiency and increase the flexibility of the motor. 3. The rotor is less affected by the attraction of the stator, so that the rotor does not interfere with the rotation, = only the speed will not be pinned, and because the rotation is smooth, the power consumption will also reduce the 'power consumption situation. Will improve. Saki is only the invention of the invention, # can not be used in the invention of the invention e a, that is, according to the invention, please specialize in the change of the trace, (10) is the scope of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a stator structure of a conventional single-phase motor; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a structural state of a single-phase motor when it is not excited; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of FIG. Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the state of the motor from the static Qiqi; Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the motor_process state of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the motor at the beginning of the ideal commutation; Fig. 6 is the ideal commutation of the motor in Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of m Wei state; Fig. 7 is the operating state of the motor of Fig. 2 when the speed is too high and the error is offset by the internal energy consumption. · ® 8 is the schematic diagram of the single-phase motor structure with commutating ship changing device of the invention. 9 is a block diagram showing the structure of the commutating angle changing device of the embodiment of FIG. 8. FIG. 10 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the enabling module of the embodiment of FIG. 8. FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the operating state of the embodiment of FIG. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the commutation start transient operation of the embodiment of FIG. 8 , illustrating the commutation angle calculation and advancement; and FIG. 13 is the operation of the commutation completion moment after the commutation angle of the embodiment of FIG. 8 is advanced. State diagram; diagram is the second preferred embodiment of the present invention FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing the structure of the commutating angle conversion device of the embodiment of FIG. 14; and FIG. 16 is the equivalent of the enabling module of the embodiment of FIG. Circuit diagram. [Description of main component symbols] 1 '4 inner stators 11, 41, 71, 71, coil sets 410, 710, 710, coils 12, 42, 72 yoke 2 > 5 outer rotor 3 Hall element 201106606 6'9 Commutation angle conversion device 61 ' 91 position sensing module 62, 92 control module 63 ' 93 enable module 64 clock signal module 7 outer stator 8 inner rotor 0 pivot 63 632, 633, 634, 93 932 switch 94 speed sensing module