201034773 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於用於製造成品（部件）與半成品（若干物件） 之特疋技術，其由微粒材料（呈金屬與非金屬粉末形式）之 冶金組合物保形而得及其經設計以待燒結，除構成待於燒 結步驟中形成產物之金屬結構基質之元素外，該等產物尚 包括呈微粒形式之固態潤滑劑前驅物相’其藉由在燒結步 驟中解離，在該金屬基質之體積中形成固態潤滑劑沉澱， 其導致形成呈現連續金屬基質之自潤產物之微結構，且其 可在及燒結產物與該燒結部件或產物賦予與高機械強度及 =硬度有關之低摩擦係數。本發明係關於用於在燒結期間 田％」形成自潤材料之該冶金組合物，關於在燒結鋼中 由為組合物獲得之部件或產物，亦係關於藉由粉末冶金學 獲得該等部件或產物之特定另__技術或方法。 【先前技術】 考慮到技術開發之先進階段，需要開發具有高性能之功 能性材料，其等為若干應用之每一特定組所特定設計。在 ::機械工程應用t ’存在同時具有與低摩擦係數相關之 间機械強度及高磨損強度的材料之需要。 據估計地球上產生的婢 幻心機械能有約35%係由於潤滑不足 而損失’且其因摩擦而轉 化為熱里。除能篁損失以外， 生的熱量會由於加熱而損宝 _ 貝σ機械糸統之性能。因此，在麇 擦下之機械部件中維持低 于低厚擦係數極其重要，不僅俜為了 能量經濟，並且亦Α 7保 小值保為了 ，’、了㈢進該等部件及其等於其中操作之 144798.doc 201034773 機械系統之耐久性，除此之外還因減少廢棄材料而有助於 保護環境。 經用以減少在相對運動中的表面之間的磨損與摩擦之方 * 式係在其間***潤滑層以維持此等表面分離。在可行之潤 . 滑方法中，最常使用流體動力學（流體潤滑劑）。在流體動 _ ] π中形成油膜，此油膜將處於相對運動狀態之表面 王刀離然而，應指出當在極高或極低溫度下之應用 〇 巾、、在流體潤滑劑可起化學反應之應时及當流體潤滑劑 可成為污染物時，使用流體潤滑劑通常會有問題。此外， 在由循環停止而引起限制潤滑之情況下，或在不可能形成 料油膜之情況下，在部件之間會發生接觸，因此會導致 該等部件之磨損。 乾式潤滑（即使用固態潤滑劑者）係傳統潤滑之另一選 =此因其係藉由存在—可防止组件表面間的接觸但未表 現出形成層之破壞的固態潤滑層而作用之故。 ❹ „固態_劑於難以解決的潤滑區域中已得到極佳之接受 等可在極端溫度下、在高負荷條件下及在化學反 ；兄下使用’在該等情況下無法使用習知潤滑劑。此 外，乾式潤滑（固態潤滑劑）係一環境較清潔之選擇方幸。 生=1:骨劑可施用於摩擦對之組件上，其係呈沉積或產 顆极i面上的薄膜（或層）之形式，或係以第二相 或層且在其等受到磨損之::下=。當施用㈣^ 觸及因此在未受保護的相對？ 0發生金屬-金屬接 t表面與相對可移動組件上產生 I44798.doc 201034773 快速磨才貝。在此類方余田t邊相^ 貝把用溥膜或層之解決方案中，應進一步 考慮替換㈣社難度，及後者之氧化與降解。 因此’允許增加材料(即組件之溫度)壽命之更加妥善的 解决方案係將固態潤滑劑併入構成該組件之材料的體積 中’以使付以低摩擦係數之複合材料形成該組件之結構。 此可通過由h末冶金學技術而實#，即藉由包含壓製、親 壓、播壓及射出成形之壓實法將粉末混合物成形，然後燒 結以獲得連續、通常已呈最終幾何結構與尺寸（成品）或呈 接近於成品者（半成品）之幾何結構與尺寸之複合材料。 呈現出低摩擦係數的自潤機械組件(諸如燒結自潤軸襯) 係由开/成燒結部件之金屬結構基質且與固態㈣劑粉末混 合之金屬粉末藉由粉末冶金學製得。該等組件已用於各種 家用電器與小型設備中，諸如：印表機、電動刮鬍刀、鑽 機、搜拌器及其類似物。大多數該結構基質之已熟知之先 前技術解決方案使用青銅、@、銀與純鐵。㈣㈣潤滑 劑者為：二硫化鉬（MoS2)、銀（Ag)、聚四氟乙烯（ptf幻與 二硒化鉬（MoSe2)。具有此類主要具有青銅與銅基質，包 含石墨粉末、硒與二硫化鉬及低熔點金屬作為固態潤滑劑 顆粒之自潤材料的軸襯已在許多工程應用中製造及使用數 十年。 然而，此等部件並未呈現出與其固態潤滑劑顆粒高體積 含量（自25%至40%)成函數關係的高機械強度，其導致基 質相之低程度連續性，基質相之連續性係造成該部件機械 強度之微結構要素。據認為在金屬基質之機械性能（強度 144798.doc 201034773201034773 VI. INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVENTION: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a technique for manufacturing finished products (components) and semi-finished products (several articles), which are metallurgy of particulate materials (in the form of metal and non-metal powders) The composition is conformally formed and designed to be sintered, in addition to the elements of the metal structure matrix constituting the product to be formed in the sintering step, the products further comprising a solid lubricant precursor phase in the form of particles Dissociating in the sintering step, forming a solid lubricant precipitate in the volume of the metal matrix, which results in the formation of a microstructure of the self-lubricating product exhibiting a continuous metal matrix, and which can be imparted in the sintered product and the sintered component or product Low coefficient of friction related to mechanical strength and = hardness. The present invention relates to a metallurgical composition for forming a self-lubricating material during sintering, relating to a component or product obtained from a composition in a sintered steel, also for obtaining such components by powder metallurgy or The specificity of the product is another technology or method. [Prior Art] Considering the advanced stage of technology development, it is necessary to develop a functional material with high performance, which is specifically designed for each specific group of several applications. There is a need in the ::Mechanical Engineering application t' for materials that have both mechanical strength and high wear strength associated with low coefficient of friction. It is estimated that about 35% of the 幻 幻 机械 mechanical energy generated on the Earth is lost due to insufficient lubrication and it is converted into heat due to friction. In addition to the loss of heat, the heat generated by the heat will damage the performance of the _ σ 糸 mechanical system. Therefore, it is extremely important to maintain the low-thickness coefficient in the mechanical parts under the rubbing, not only for the energy economy, but also to keep the value of the small value, and (3) enter the parts and equal to the operation thereof. 144798.doc 201034773 The durability of mechanical systems, in addition to helping to protect the environment by reducing waste materials. The way to reduce wear and friction between surfaces in relative motion is to insert a lubricating layer between them to maintain such surface separation. In a viable method of sliding, fluid dynamics (fluid lubricant) is most often used. An oil film is formed in the fluid motion _ ] π, and the oil film will be in a state of relative motion. However, it should be pointed out that when the wipe is applied at a very high or very low temperature, the fluid lubricant can react chemically. The use of fluid lubricants is often problematic when and when fluid lubricants can become contaminants. Further, in the case where the lubrication is restricted by the circulation stop, or in the case where it is impossible to form the oil film, contact occurs between the members, which may cause wear of the members. Dry lubrication (i.e., the use of solid lubricants) is another option for conventional lubrication = this is due to the presence of a solid lubricating layer that prevents contact between the surfaces of the components but does not exhibit damage to the formation. „ „Solid_agents have been well received in difficult-to-solve lubrication areas, etc., under extreme temperatures, under high load conditions, and chemically reversed; use under the circumstance 'Unable to use conventional lubricants in these cases In addition, dry lubrication (solid lubricant) is a safe choice for the environment. Health = 1: bone agent can be applied to the friction pair of components, which is deposited or produced on the surface of the film (or The form of the layer, either in the second phase or layer and in which it is subject to wear:: = = when applied (four) ^ touches and thus in the unprotected relative? 0 occurs metal-metal junction t surface and relatively movable I44798.doc 201034773 is produced on the component. In the solution of the 溥 或 or layer of the 余 t ^ ^ ^ 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类 此类A more appropriate solution that allows for an increase in the life of the material (i.e., the temperature of the component) is to incorporate the solid lubricant into the volume of the material that makes up the component' so that the composite material with a low coefficient of friction forms the structure of the component. By h Final metallurgy technology, which is formed by compacting, including compression, pressure, wetting and injection molding, and then sintering to obtain a continuous, usually final geometry and size (finished product) or A composite material that is close to the geometry and dimensions of the finished product (semi-finished product). A self-lubricating mechanical component that exhibits a low coefficient of friction (such as a sintered self-lubricating bushing) is a metal structural matrix that is opened/sintered with a solid state (four) agent. Powder-mixed metal powders are produced by powder metallurgy. These components have been used in a variety of household appliances and small equipment such as printers, electric razors, drills, skimmers and the like. The well-known prior art solutions for this structural matrix use bronze, @, silver and pure iron. (iv) (iv) Lubricants are: molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), silver (Ag), polytetrafluoroethylene (ptf illusion and selenization) Molybdenum (MoSe2). It has many kinds of bushings mainly composed of bronze and copper matrix, including graphite powder, selenium and molybdenum disulfide and low melting point metal as solid lubricant particles. Manufactured and used in applications for decades. However, these components do not exhibit high mechanical strength as a function of their high volume content (from 25% to 40%) of solid lubricant particles, which results in a low degree of continuous matrix phase Sexuality, the continuity of the matrix phase is the microstructural element that causes the mechanical strength of the part. It is believed to be mechanical properties in the metal matrix (strength 144798.doc 201034773
與硬度）及微結構參數兩者未針對需要具有高機械強度之 #件的應用加以最佳化的狀況下，需要此高含量固態潤滑 劑來獲得低摩擦係數，該微結構參數係諸如分散於基質中 之固態潤滑劑顆粒之尺寸與在所形成複合材料中此等顆粒 間之平均自由行程。具有固有低剪切強度之固態潤滑劑之 同體積百分比並不利於金屬基質之機械強度。此外，由於 在機械均勾化粉末混合物（在混合機中進行）與壓實混合物 之步驟期間產生剪切力，故該等固態潤滑劑顆粒較易剪切 及改變其等形狀，甚至降低所形成自潤複合物之金屬結構 基質的連續性程度。 此外，金屬基質之低硬度會逐漸在燒結材料或產物之接 觸面上產生固態潤滑劑顆粒阻塞。因此，為維持足夠低的 摩擦係數，傳統上在乾式自潤複合材料之組合物中使用高 體積百分比之固態潤滑劑。 相較於先前所述，於US 6890368A令揭示一局部差異及 更先進的方案，其提出在300。<:與600。(：之間範圍之溫度下 使用、具有充足的牽引阻W400 Mpa)及低於〇3之摩擦 係數的自潤複合材料。此文獻提出_種獲得低摩擦係數之 部件或產品之解決方案，其係自形成金屬結構基質之粒狀 材料之混合物燒結，且於其體積中主要包含六方氮㈣、 石墨或其混合物作為固態潤滑劑顆粒，且其陳述該材料適 、具有充足 於在介於300°C與600°C之間範圍之溫度下使用 的牽引阻力（R24〇0 MPa)及小於ο」之摩擦係數 如於2008年9月Π日申請，在與本發明同一申請人名下 144798.doc 201034773 之巴西專利申請案（臨時號碼為018080057518)中所述，由 同時存在結構基質粉末與諸如六方氮化硼及石墨之固態潤 滑劑粉末的粉末混合物聚結而得㈣件或產物在燒結後具 有低機械強度及結構脆性。 上述引述之缺失係由在待製得部件或產品之混合與保形 ㈤緊）步驟期間’在結構基質之粉末顆粒之間之固態潤滑 劑相藉由剪切力的散佈(分散)不充分所引起。該固態濁滑 劑藉由剪切散佈在該結構基質相的顆粒之間，且在混合與 保形步驟期間傾向於包圍該等顆粒，該等步驟使該固態潤 滑劑受到超過其低剪切應力之應力作用。 另一方面，在結構基質之顆粒（粉末）之間存在由剪切形 成之固態㈣制财在燒結期間職複合物之結構基質 的此等顆粒之間接觸之金屬的形成；此促使複合材料之结 ，質相的連續性程度降低，結構上使材料及所得產物脆 該等問題經由上述所提及之先前巴西專利申請案中所相 2解決方案大部分都可解決，此導致獲得具有機械強肩 較先前技術解決方案高之複合材料。 然而，在與本發明相同申請人的該先前 提出之解決㈣中’必須令諸如六方1_、石墨=^ :非金屬微粒固態潤滑劑混合於形成待燒結複合產物之封 ^基^金屬材料中，其進—步要求加人至少—種微粒告 八二’以使在經保形之冶金組合物之燒結步驟期間形成 I形成結構基質之微粒材料與非金屬微粒固態潤滑劑之 344798.doc 201034773 =液相，以使後者在離散顆粒中聚結及防止非金屬 固悲潤滑劑藉由剪切散佈於結構基質相之顆粒之間，防止 其於在待製得部件或產物之混合及保形(壓實)期間傾向包 圍結構基質相之顆粒，將後者脆化。 面臨上述之缺點，期望提供—種不要求在待燒結冶金组 合物中預先混合固態湖滑劑顆粒，亦不需要在該冶金組合 ❹In the case where both hardness and microstructure parameters are not optimized for applications requiring high mechanical strength, this high level of solid lubricant is required to achieve a low coefficient of friction, such as dispersion in The size of the solid lubricant particles in the matrix and the average free path between the particles in the formed composite. The same volume percentage of solid lubricants with inherently low shear strength is not conducive to the mechanical strength of the metal matrix. In addition, since the shearing force is generated during the step of mechanically kneading the powder mixture (in the mixer) with the compacted mixture, the solid lubricant particles are more likely to be sheared and change their shape, or even reduced. The degree of continuity of the metal structure matrix of the self-wetting composite. In addition, the low hardness of the metal matrix gradually causes solid lubricant particle clogging on the contact surface of the sintered material or product. Therefore, in order to maintain a sufficiently low coefficient of friction, a high volume percent solid lubricant is conventionally used in the composition of the dry self-wetting composite. In contrast to the prior, a partial difference and a more advanced solution are disclosed in US 6,890,368 A, which is presented at 300. <: with 600. (: used at a range of temperatures, with sufficient traction resistance W400 Mpa) and a self-wetting composite material with a friction coefficient lower than 〇3. This document proposes a solution for obtaining a component or product having a low coefficient of friction, which is sintered from a mixture of particulate materials forming a metal structure matrix, and mainly contains hexagonal nitrogen (tetra), graphite or a mixture thereof as solid lubricating in its volume. Agent particles, and it states that the material is suitable, has sufficient traction resistance (R24〇0 MPa) and a friction coefficient less than ο" used at temperatures between 300 ° C and 600 ° C as in 2008. Application on September 30th, as described in the Brazilian patent application (provisional number 018080057518) of the same applicant name 144798.doc 201034773, with the simultaneous presence of structural matrix powder and solid state lubrication such as hexagonal boron nitride and graphite The powder mixture of the powder of the agent is agglomerated to give the (four) piece or product a low mechanical strength and structural brittleness after sintering. The above-mentioned reference is missing from the fact that the solid lubricant phase between the powder particles of the structural matrix is insufficiently dispersed (dispersed) by the shearing force during the mixing and conformal (five) tight steps of the component or product to be produced. cause. The solid slip agent is interspersed between the particles of the structural matrix phase by shear and tends to surround the particles during the mixing and conforming step, the steps subjecting the solid lubricant to exceeding its low shear stress The role of stress. On the other hand, between the particles (powder) of the structural matrix, there is a solid formed by shearing (four) forming a metal contact between the particles of the structural matrix of the composite during sintering; this promotes the composite material The knot, the degree of continuity of the phase is reduced, and the problem of structurally making the material and the resulting product brittle is solved by the solution of the phase 2 of the prior Brazilian patent application mentioned above, which results in a mechanically strong shoulder. Composites that are higher than prior art solutions. However, in the previously proposed solution (4) of the same applicant as the present invention, 'a hexagonal 1_, graphite = ^: non-metallic particulate solid lubricant must be mixed in the metal material forming the composite product to be sintered, Further, it is required to add at least a kind of microparticles to form a particulate material and a non-metallic particulate solid lubricant which form a structural matrix during the sintering step of the conformal metallurgical composition. 344798.doc 201034773 = a liquid phase that causes the latter to coalesce in discrete particles and prevents non-metallic solid lubricant from being interspersed between particles of the structural matrix phase by shearing to prevent mixing and conformation of the component or product to be produced ( During compaction, the particles tend to enclose the matrix phase of the structure and embrittle the latter. In the face of the above disadvantages, it is desirable to provide that the solid lake slip agent particles are not required to be premixed in the metallurgical composition to be sintered, nor in the metallurgical composition.
物中加入合金元素以在該組合物之燒結期間於其中形成液 相之解決方案。 【發明内容】 因此本發明之一目的係提供一種用於形成燒結鋼之微 粒材料的組合物’其包括允許本身及在其燒結期間形成直 了結構基質高連續性程度之自满燒結鋼中的成品或半成 品，及在燒結中產生之固態潤滑劑相之較佳分佈。 亦為本發明目的係、提供_種自潤燒結鋼中的產物，其由 藉由經由壓製、輥壓及其他之粉末壓實或藉由射出成形之 保形，然後燒結上述所界定之組合物而獲得，且其呈現出 金屬結構基質之高連續性程度，低摩擦係數及高機械強度 及高硬度，及在燒結中形成的石墨之固態潤滑劑相之精: 分佈。 本發明之又另-目的係提供—種由該微粒材料組合物獲 得諸如上述所定義之自潤燒結鋼中的產物之方法，該方法 包含既不在待燒結之冶金組合物中預先混合固態潤滑劑顆 粒，亦不在该冶金組合物中加入在該組合物之燒結期間於 其中形成液相的合金元素。 144798.doc 201034773 在本發明之第一雖掃φ，u、* 〜、’ 上述引述之目的可經由用於製 造自潤燒結鋼中之逄物的M j, 屋物的微粒材料組合物而達成，其預先 藉由將該組合物壓實及射出成形中之—種操作加以保形， 〇亥組。物包括·作為主要微粒金屬材料之鐵；至少一且有 錢硬化之功能的微粒合金元素，於此處形成含鐵結構基 負，及非金屬化合物，其係待於燒結期間在產物中形成之 石墨的固態潤滑劑相之前驅體。 在實行本發明之方法φ， 非金屬微粒化合物係包含使 含鐵結構基質之鐵α相安定的彳卜與__本 文疋的化學疋素之碳化物或碳酸鹽 類化合物。在實行本發明之 个放Θ乏另方法中，該非金屬微粒化 合物係衍生自任何使鐵α相安定 仰文疋之化學兀素，從而在冶金 組合物中必要包含用g 已各用於使鐵α相安定之額外微粒合金元 素0 在本發明中’在部件或產物之燒結步驟期間，藉由前驅 體相之解離形成石墨顆粒。作為用於實行本發明之前驅體 相的實例’可列舉：碳化石夕（响、石炭化翻（M〇2C)、碳化 鉻（Cr3C2)、及其類似物。在製備構成新穎複合村料之粉末 混合物中，將呈微細粉末顆粒之形式（較佳5 _至25 _) 的碳化物混合於鐵粉末(主要組份)中及存於該粉末混合物 中之其他合金元素粉末。導致石墨節結在形成自潤燒結鋼 之含鐵基質中沉殿之最象徵性碳化物為彼類在其等化學式 中具有可強效地使鐵α相安；^之化學元素，例如存於碳化 石夕（SiC)中之元素Si。在燒結步驟_，亦即在部件或產物 之燒結溫度下，碳化石夕（Sic)解離且化學元素珍變成在鐵中 144798.doc 10 201034773 (亦即在含鐵結構基質令)之固體溶液。隨著训解離之進 行在處於解離之SlC顆粒的周圍之含鐵基質中的溶解 置增加。如可在鐵-石夕平衡圖所證實，化學元素石夕可強效 . 地使鐵α相安定；在Fe-Si圖中的循環，―㈣）之頂點發 .生於。2.15重量％(4.2% at)Si之值。因此，在-般於介於 1125°C與125代之間進行的燒結鋼之燒結期間，當石夕在處 於解離之SK：顆粒周圍之鐵中溶解的濃度達到γ相之溶解極 ❹ _則會發生γ_鐵成為α-鐵之轉變。在Sic解離製程之 第瞬間’雖然Si濃度未達到使處於解離之训顆粒周圍 安定之所茜值，但由解離產生之碳亦會變成固體溶 .液’並散佈於基質内部，但-旦處於解離之Sic顆粒周圍 的含鐵基質轉變為_，則轉叙輕㈣碳於鐵^相中 之溶解性極低（在727〇C下之最大值為0.022重量％)之故而 被甲斷。因此’由於碳化物解離所釋出之碳形成由α-鐵層 包圍之石墨節結’唯其餘基質可繼續存在作。 Q 【實施方式】 如上所提及，本發明之—目的係提供—種微粒材料之組 .合物，其可經均勾混合及藉由塵實（慶製、輥屡）或藉由擠 壓或射，成形粉末而保形（星緊），以致其可呈現出待遞交 至燒結知作之明確幾何結構（部件）’以獲得相對於先前技 術教π所獲得之產品呈現高硬度、機械強度及較低摩擦係 數之產物《>本發明之組合物包括：一在該組合物之形成中 佔優勢之主要微粒金屬材料，及至少一具有使該佔優勢材 料硬化之功能的；^ 4人 — 的试粒合金疋素，此等組份引起於鋼中待燒 144798.doc 201034773 結複合產物内形成結構基質；及一允許在燒結期間因其解 離而獲得固態潤滑劑節結之前驅體微粒材料。 ' 根據本發明及如圖2中所圖示，該主要微粒金屬材料為 界定含鐵結構基質10之鐵，且用於在燒結期間藉由解離產 生固態潤滑劑之節結2 〇的前驅體相係基於碳化物或碳酸 鹽，較佳由使在該含鐵結構基質10中的鐵α相安定之 元素形成的化合物。當所用之前驅體相在其組成中不含使 在該含鐵基質Η)巾之鐵安定的㈣元㈣，錢將以^夠 使鐵α相安定之量的特定額外合金元素加入本發明之材料 組合物中。 具有硬化該含鐵結構基質之功能的合金元素係（例如）由 選自鉻、鉬、碳、矽、磷、錳、及鎳之元素中一者所界 定，但應瞭解可使用在該結構基質中執行相同功能之其他 元素，諸如釩與銅，亦及可同時有多於—種合金元素。應 注意本發明要求提供可用於硬化該待於燒結期間藉由㈣ 之相互擴散（化學均勻化）而形成之結構基質1()之合金硬化 兀素，但此態樣不應限於本文所呈現之例示性合金元素。 圖ΙΑ、IB、1C及2概要地顯示在燒結期間與碳化物（sic) 之解離密切相關之複合物微結構發展的若干步驟。圖頂 示在其燒結後形成的複合材料藉由光學顯微鏡獲得之微結 構照片，及圖4顯示於節結内部呈現奈米厚度「皮或片」 之形式的沉澱石墨之結構。此結構助於在摩擦對之相對移 動表面界面上形成一摩擦層，增加固態潤滑之效率。 並行地加入使在形成複合物之粉末混合物中的鐵〇相安 M4798.doc -12· 201034773 定之其它合金元素，加速在燒結操作期間基質中α相之增 多，藉由混入材料體積中的碳化物顆粒之解離增加產生石 墨節結20之趨勢。 使鐵α相安定且來自碳化物解離之該等合金元素除了因 其等形成包圍處於解離之顆粒11的(^目丨2層而防止碳溶解 於基質中以外，其等還助於增加基質在固體溶液中之基質 硬度；然而若藉由固體溶液中的此等合金元素存在於鐵中 ◎ 所達到之硬度增量不足，則應將其他合金元素額外地加入 粉末混合物中，以使其在燒結操作期間溶解於基質中，以 期獲得應用需要之硬度及機械強度。 因此，在本發明中，材料之金屬結構基質係由鐵自動硬 化形成，鐵自動硬化係由具有使鐵α相安定之合金元素之 固體溶液達成，例如在藉由粉末冶金學加工材料中，由於 被混合於鐵粉末中的碳化物解離，故矽及鉬溶於含鐵基質 中。 Q 除了此等必要呈現使合金元素安定者以外，可將其他合 金元素加入粉末混合物中，以具調節基質之機械強度及硬 度之功能，使其達到相關於在燒結期間產生之乾式自潤複 合材料之摩擦及機械性質的高性能。作為有利地用於本發 ’ 明以增加基質之機械強度及硬度的其他合金元素之實例除 鐵α相之強效安定劑Si、Mo、及Ρ元素以外，可引述元素 Cr、Ni、Mn、W、V、及 C。 至於所用碳化物之類型’經調配用於藉由本發明之粉末 冶金學製造產物之粉末混合物組合物係由以下兩個不同的 144798.doc •13· 201034773 替代方案形成： 替代方案1 ··鐵粉末+由使鐵α相安定之化學元素形成（以 體積百分比510%混合）的碳化物粉末顆粒u，其在燒結溫 度下會因其之解離產生石墨節結20，+稱之為合金元素之 其他化學元素之粉末顆粒，其等具有增加含鐵結構基質⑺ 之硬度及強度之功能； 替代方案2 :鐵粉末+非由使鐵〇1相安定之化學元素形成 (以體積百分比$ 1 〇 %混合）之碳化物粉末顆粒+使鐵α相安定 之合金元素粉末，該粉末具有使含鐵基質之鐵α相安定的 功能，以防止來自碳化物解離之碳為含鐵基質所溶解，+ 存在以調節複合物之結構基質機械性質的其他合金元素。 由於該金屬含鐵結構基質丨⑽斯待形成之複合材料機 械強度之組合物的唯—微結構要素，故該複合物之基質的 連續性程度越高，則由該材料製造之燒結物件或部件之機 械強度就越而。為保持乾式自難結複合材料之金屬結構 基質之同私度連續性’ $ 了低孔隙度外，還需要低體積百 刀比的固匕、潤滑劑相，Λ因該固態潤滑劑不利於材料之機 械強度’&因此不利於燒結產物之機械強度之故。除此以 外’存於材料之體積内之該固態潤滑劑應呈均勻分佈於體 積中之離散顆粒或節社2〇 飞即、20之形式分散，即在含鐵結構基質 10之内部具有規則平均自由行程、（見圖2)。此可促使 =較^潤滑效率並同時確保基質之較高連續性程度，從 而確保複合材料之較高機械強度。 材料之金屬基質需能高度抗塑性變形，以不僅能作為具 l4479S.doc -14- 201034773 有必要負荷容量之機械支承物來操作，並且亦可防止固態 潤滑劑顆粒在操作部件時（當於相對㈣中摩擦時）因結構 基貝之塑性變形而被覆蓋，防止固態潤滑劑散佈於其應形 成固態潤滑劑層之界面中。 根據本發明，使鐵α相安定之該額外的合金組份係由選 自磷、矽、鈷及鉬的元素中至少一者所界定。雖然據認為 此4元素係最適於分開地或共同地在燒結溫度（約111 。至約1250 C )下起安定鐵α相之作用，但應瞭解本發明在於 安定鐵α相，以破壞碳解離之概念，而不在於所用之合金 組份必須為本文例示者的事實。 當本發明之組合物藉由壓實保形時，該主要微粒金屬材 料（鐵）呈現較佳介於約5 μηι與約90 μιη之間的平均粒度。 依次具有硬化該結構基質之功能的該硬化元素，且該固態 潤滑劑相（化合物）之該前驅體組份應呈現較佳小於當量約 45 μιη之粒度；其應進一步理解為該主要微粒金屬材料， Q 亦即鐵之平均粒度應總是大於該固態潤滑劑相之該合金元 素及S兹刖驅體组份（化合物）之平均粒度。 當本發明之組合物藉由射出成形保形時，該主要微粒金 屬材料（鐵）呈現較佳介於約5 μηι與約25 μηι之間的粒度。 同樣地’該固態潤滑劑相之該合金元素及該前驅體組份 (化合物）呈現較佳亦介於約5 μηι與約25 μηι之間的粒度。 當在燒結前之組合物之保形係藉由擠壓或藉由射出成形 進行時’該組合物應進一步包括至少一有機黏合劑，其較 佳係由石蠟及其他蠟類、EVA及低熔點聚合物組成之群中 144798.doc •15, 201034773 選出，在藉由擠麼成形時，其比例通常為冶金組合物納體 積之約15%至約45%，及在藉由射出成形而保形時，:常 為約卿〇至45%。在保形步鄉後，從該組合物中提取出： 有機黏合劑，例如藉由在將經保形之產物？丨至燒結步^ 前進行蒸發而達成。 ’驟之 上述之組合物係藉由在任何適當的混合器内，將經選出 用於形成該組合物及用於隨後獲得自潤燒結產品之預〜 的微粒材料混合而獲得。 疋里 將不同微粒材料之混合物均勾化並將其遞交至藉由壓 實，亦即藉由壓製或輥壓或亦藉由粉末之擠壓成形切出 成形，在此操作中不僅獲得粉末質量之壓實而且待藉由声 結獲得之產物之期望形狀。 70 在藉由擠壓成形或射出成形而保形之情況中，將含 機黏合劑之組份混合物在不低於溶化該有機黏合劑之溫度 下句勻化，將經如此均勻化之混合物造粒以便於其處理、 儲存及供應至射出成形機。 在該部件保形後，將其遞交至 父至該專有機黏合劑之提取， 其通常以兩個階段執行，第一 1¾奴為在洛劑（例如，己烧） 中化學提取製程及第二階段A获 白权為藉由熱分解或CD電漿輔助 熱製程之提取製程。 电采稀助 使用本文所提及之組合物’ J设付具有硬度為230 HV至 700 HV、摩擦係數μ $ 〇 15、 機械牽引阻力為350 MPa至 750 MPa(視所存在之合金元 至 及所用之加工參數而定）亦 及具有内部結構呈奈米厚戶 又之皮之形式的非晶形碳節結之 144798.doc 201034773 刀佈的自潤燒結部件或產物，其利於石墨於可移動表面之 界面内散佈，形成一固態潤滑劑層。 广5、6八、沾，7具有例示使本發明之組合物保 形之不同可仃性，其藉由將若干預定量之組合物壓實成任 2所期望之㈣’該等所減之形狀可為待獲得之自潤燒 結成品部件或產物所期望者或與所期望成品相近之形狀广 然而’在大量之應用中’僅在待遞交至摩擦接觸其他相 ΟAn alloying element is added to the solution in which the liquid phase is formed during sintering of the composition. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a composition for forming a particulate material of sintered steel which comprises a finished product in a self-sintered sintered steel which allows itself and a high degree of continuity to form a straight structural matrix during sintering thereof. Or a semi-finished product, and a preferred distribution of solid lubricant phases produced during sintering. Also for the purposes of the present invention is to provide a product of self-lubricating sintered steel which is conformed by compaction by pressing, rolling and other powders or by injection molding, and then sintering the above defined composition Obtained, and it exhibits a high degree of continuity of the metal structure matrix, a low coefficient of friction and high mechanical strength and high hardness, and a fine lubricant distribution of graphite formed in the sintering. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining a product from a particulate material composition, such as the self-lubricating sintered steel as defined above, which comprises pre-mixing a solid lubricant in a metallurgical composition to be sintered. The particles, also not in the metallurgical composition, incorporate alloying elements in which a liquid phase is formed during sintering of the composition. 144798.doc 201034773 In the first aspect of the present invention, the purpose of sweeping φ, u, * 〜, ' the above-mentioned reference can be achieved by the M j, the particulate material composition of the house for producing the sputum in the self-lubricating sintered steel. It is pre-formed by the operation of compacting and injection molding the composition, and the group is set. The object includes: iron as a main particulate metal material; at least one of the particulate alloying elements having a function of hardening, forming a negative iron-containing structural group here, and a non-metallic compound which is formed in the product during sintering. The solid lubricant phase of graphite is the precursor. In carrying out the method φ of the present invention, the non-metallic particulate compound comprises a carbide or carbonate compound of a chemical halogen which stabilizes the iron alpha phase of the iron-containing structural matrix. In carrying out the method of the present invention, the non-metallic particulate compound is derived from any chemical quinone which stabilizes the iron alpha phase, so that it is necessary to include iron in the metallurgical composition. Additional particulate alloying elements of alpha phase stability 0 In the present invention, graphite particles are formed by dissociation of the precursor phase during the sintering step of the component or product. As examples of the precursor phase for carrying out the present invention, carbon carbide (cycling, charcoal turning (M〇2C), chromium carbide (Cr3C2), and the like can be cited. In the preparation of a novel composite compound material. In the powder mixture, carbides in the form of fine powder particles (preferably 5 _ to 25 _) are mixed in the iron powder (main component) and other alloying element powders present in the powder mixture, resulting in graphite nodules. The most symbolic carbide in the ferrous matrix forming the self-lubricating sintered steel is a chemical element in which the iron-α phase is strongly enhanced in its chemical formula; for example, it is stored in carbon carbide (SiC) Element Si. In the sintering step _, that is, at the sintering temperature of the component or product, the carbonized stone (Sic) dissociates and the chemical element is turned into iron. 144798.doc 10 201034773 (that is, in the iron-containing structural matrix) The solid solution of the compound is increased in the iron-containing matrix surrounding the dissociated SlC particles as evidenced by the disintegration. As evidenced by the iron-stone balance diagram, the chemical element is strong. Stabilize iron alpha phase; in Fe-Si Circulating, -㈣) made of vertices. Born. 2.15% by weight (4.2% at) the value of Si. Therefore, during the sintering of sintered steel, generally between 1125 ° C and 125 generations, when the concentration of dissolved in the iron around the dissociated SK: particles reaches the solubility of the γ phase _ It will occur that γ_iron becomes a transformation of α-iron. At the instant of the Sic dissociation process, although the Si concentration does not reach the value of stability around the dissociation training particles, the carbon produced by the dissociation will also become a solid solution liquid and will be dispersed inside the matrix, but at the same time The iron-containing matrix around the dissociated Sic particles is converted to _, and the transfer of the light (tetra) carbon in the iron phase is extremely low (the maximum value at 727 ° C is 0.022% by weight). Thus, the carbon released by the dissociation of the carbide forms a graphite nodule surrounded by the α-iron layer. Only the remaining matrix can continue to exist. Q [Embodiment] As mentioned above, the object of the present invention is to provide a group of particulate materials which can be uniformly mixed and pulverized by dusting (carrying, rolling) or by squeezing Or shot, forming a powder and conforming (star tight), so that it can present a clear geometry (component) to be submitted to the sintered known 'to obtain a high hardness, mechanical strength compared to the product obtained by the prior art teaching π And a product of a lower coefficient of friction "> The composition of the present invention comprises: a primary particulate metal material prevailing in the formation of the composition, and at least one having the function of hardening the predominant material; — the granule alloy bismuth, which causes the formation of a structural matrix in the composite product of the 144798.doc 201034773 junction to be fired in the steel; and a precursor particle that allows the solid lubricant to be knotted during disintegration during sintering due to its dissociation material. According to the invention and as illustrated in Figure 2, the primary particulate metal material is a precursor phase that defines the iron of the iron-containing structural matrix 10 and is used to generate a solid lubricant of the solid lubricant during disintegration during sintering. It is based on a carbide or carbonate, preferably a compound formed by an element which stabilizes the iron alpha phase in the iron-containing structural matrix 10. When the precursor phase used does not contain (four) yuan (four) which stabilizes the iron in the iron-containing matrix, the money will be added to the present invention in a specific amount of additional alloying elements sufficient to stabilize the iron alpha phase. In the material composition. The alloying element having the function of hardening the iron-containing structural matrix is, for example, defined by one selected from the group consisting of chromium, molybdenum, carbon, ruthenium, phosphorus, manganese, and nickel, but it should be understood that the structural matrix can be used. Other elements that perform the same function, such as vanadium and copper, can also have more than one alloying element at the same time. It should be noted that the present invention is required to provide an alloy hardening element which can be used to harden the structural matrix 1 () formed by interdiffusion (chemical homogenization) during (4), but this aspect should not be limited to the one presented herein. An exemplary alloying element. Figures IB, 1C, and 2 schematically show several steps in the development of composite microstructures that are closely related to the dissociation of carbides (sic) during sintering. The top of the figure shows the microstructural photograph obtained by the optical microscope after the composite formed by the sintering, and Fig. 4 shows the structure of the precipitated graphite in the form of a nano-thickness "skin or sheet" inside the nodule. This structure helps to form a friction layer on the opposite moving surface interface of the friction pair, increasing the efficiency of solid lubrication. Adding other alloying elements defined in the powder mixture forming the composite in the powder mixture of M4798.doc -12· 201034773 in parallel, accelerating the increase of the α phase in the matrix during the sintering operation, by mixing the carbide particles in the volume of the material The dissociation increases the tendency to produce graphite nodules 20. The iron alpha phase is stabilized and the alloying elements from the dissociation of the carbides, in addition to forming the two layers of the dissociated particles 11 to prevent the carbon from being dissolved in the matrix, help to increase the matrix The hardness of the matrix in the solid solution; however, if the hardness increment achieved by the presence of these alloying elements in the solid solution in the iron ◎ is insufficient, additional alloying elements should be additionally added to the powder mixture to cause sintering It is dissolved in the matrix during the operation in order to obtain the hardness and mechanical strength required for the application. Therefore, in the present invention, the metal structural matrix of the material is formed by auto-hardening of iron, and the auto-hardening of the iron is made of an alloying element having a stable phase of iron α. The solid solution is achieved, for example, in a powder metallurgy processing material, since the carbide mixed in the iron powder dissociates, the bismuth and molybdenum are dissolved in the iron-containing matrix. Q In addition to such necessity, the alloy element is stabilized. In addition, other alloying elements can be added to the powder mixture to adjust the mechanical strength and hardness of the matrix to make it relevant. High performance of friction and mechanical properties of dry self-wetting composites produced during sintering. As an example of other alloying elements that are advantageously used in the present invention to increase the mechanical strength and hardness of the matrix, a strong stabilizer for the removal of iron alpha phase. In addition to the Si, Mo, and lanthanum elements, the elements Cr, Ni, Mn, W, V, and C can be cited. As for the type of carbide used, the powder mixture composition for the production of the product by the powder metallurgy of the present invention is formulated. It is formed by the following two different 144798.doc •13· 201034773 alternatives: Alternative 1 • Iron powder + carbide powder particles formed by chemical elements that stabilize the iron α phase (mixed by 510% by volume) It will produce graphite nodules 20 at the sintering temperature due to its dissociation, + powder particles of other chemical elements called alloying elements, which have the function of increasing the hardness and strength of the iron-containing structural matrix (7); : Iron powder + carbide powder particles which are not formed by chemical elements which stabilize the iron lanthanum 1 phase (mixed by volume % 1 〇%) + alloying element powder which stabilizes iron α phase The powder has a function of stabilizing the iron alpha phase of the iron-containing matrix to prevent the carbon from dissociation of the carbide from being dissolved by the iron-containing matrix, and + other alloying elements present to adjust the mechanical properties of the structural matrix of the composite. The iron-containing structural matrix 10(10) is the only micro-structural element of the composition of the mechanical strength of the composite to be formed, so the higher the degree of continuity of the matrix of the composite, the mechanical strength of the sintered article or component made of the composite In order to maintain the homogeneity continuity of the metal structure matrix of the dry self-contained composite material, the low porosity is required, and the solid volume and the lubricant phase of the low volume 100% ratio are required. The agent is not conducive to the mechanical strength of the material '&; therefore, it is not conducive to the mechanical strength of the sintered product. In addition, the solid lubricant contained in the volume of the material should be uniformly distributed in the volume of discrete particles or joints 2 The fly-off, 20 form is dispersed, that is, has a regular mean free path inside the iron-containing structural matrix 10 (see Fig. 2). This promotes greater lubrication efficiency and at the same time ensures a higher degree of continuity of the matrix, thereby ensuring a higher mechanical strength of the composite. The metal matrix of the material needs to be highly resistant to plastic deformation to operate not only as a mechanical support with the necessary load capacity of l4479S.doc -14- 201034773, but also to prevent solid lubricant particles from operating on the part (as opposed to (4) During the middle friction, it is covered by the plastic deformation of the structural base, preventing the solid lubricant from being dispersed in the interface where the solid lubricant layer should be formed. According to the present invention, the additional alloy component which stabilizes the iron alpha phase is defined by at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, antimony, cobalt and molybdenum. Although it is believed that this 4-element is most suitable for the action of a stable iron alpha phase at a sintering temperature (about 111 to about 1250 C) separately or collectively, it should be understood that the present invention resides in a stable iron alpha phase to destroy carbon dissociation. The concept, not the fact that the alloy component used must be exemplified herein. When the composition of the present invention is conformed by compaction, the primary particulate metal material (iron) exhibits an average particle size preferably between about 5 μηι and about 90 μηη. The hardening element having the function of hardening the structural matrix in turn, and the precursor component of the solid lubricant phase (compound) should exhibit a particle size of preferably less than about 45 μm; it should be further understood as the primary particulate metal material. , Q, that is, the average particle size of iron should always be greater than the average particle size of the alloying element of the solid lubricant phase and the S. striatum component (compound). When the composition of the present invention is conformed by injection molding, the primary particulate metal material (iron) exhibits a particle size preferably between about 5 μηι and about 25 μηι. Similarly, the alloying element of the solid lubricant phase and the precursor component (compound) exhibit a particle size preferably between about 5 μηιη and about 25 μηη. When the conformal composition of the composition prior to sintering is carried out by extrusion or by injection molding, the composition should further comprise at least one organic binder, preferably by paraffin and other waxes, EVA and low melting point. In the group of polymer compositions 144798.doc • 15, 201034773 selected, when formed by extrusion, the proportion is usually from about 15% to about 45% of the nano-volume of the metallurgical composition, and when conformal by injection molding ,: Often about 45% from the date of the Qing. After the shape of the step, the organic binder is extracted from the composition, for example by using a conformal product? This is achieved by evaporating before the sintering step. The above-described composition is obtained by mixing, in any suitable mixer, a particulate material selected for forming the composition and for subsequently obtaining a self-lubricating sintered product. In the crucible, a mixture of different particulate materials is branched and submitted to compaction by compaction, that is, by pressing or rolling or by extrusion of a powder, in which not only powder quality is obtained. The desired shape of the product to be compacted and to be obtained by the sonoton. 70 in the case of conformation by extrusion or injection molding, the mixture of the component containing the organic binder is homogenized at a temperature not lower than the temperature at which the organic binder is melted, and the thus homogenized mixture is formed. The granules are facilitated for their handling, storage and supply to the injection molding machine. After the part is conformal, it is delivered to the parent to the extraction of the specific organic binder, which is usually performed in two stages, the first 13⁄4 slave is a chemical extraction process in the agent (for example, hexane) and the second Stage A obtains white weight as an extraction process by thermal decomposition or CD plasma assisted thermal process. Electrolytic use of the composition mentioned in the article 'J set has a hardness of 230 HV to 700 HV, friction coefficient μ $ 〇15, mechanical traction resistance of 350 MPa to 750 MPa (depending on the alloy element to be used and used Depending on the processing parameters, it also has an amorphous carbon nodule with an internal structure in the form of a nanometer and a skin. 144798.doc 201034773 A self-lubricating sintered part or product of a knife cloth, which facilitates the graphite on a movable surface. Disperse within the interface to form a solid lubricant layer.广五,六八,沾,7 has the different characterization of the conformation of the composition of the present invention by compacting several predetermined amounts of the composition into any desired ones. The shape may be the desired shape of the self-lubricating sintered finished part or product to be obtained or a shape similar to the desired finished product, but 'in a large number of applications' only to be submitted to the frictional contact other phases.
對可移動元件之機械組件或部件之一或多個表面區域中需 要自潤特性。 而 因此，期望的自潤產物可如圖5所示由較佳以微粒材料 保形及在一或兩個對立面31中接受本發明之組合物如之表 面層41之結構基板3G所構成。在所述之實射，該結構基 板3〇與該組合物4〇之兩對立表面層在任何適當的模具μ之 I部藉由兩個相對衝頭ρ壓實，形成經壓實及經保形之複 α產物1，其後將其遞交至燒結步驟。在此實例中，僅該 …構基板30之該兩個對立面3丨呈現期望的自潤性能。 圖6A與6B例示分別呈棒2與管3之形式之產物，其係由 在適當的擠壓基質（未闡述）中擠壓該組合物4〇而獲得。在 此例中，藉由壓實該組合物4〇使其保形係在後者之擠壓步 驟中進行。然後可將棒2或管3遞交至燒結步驟，用於形成 .线基、’Ό構基質1 〇及併入離散、經分散的微粒固態潤滑劑 及其之顆粒。 圖6C闡述藉由一複合棒4形成之產物之另一實例，其包 括於微粒材料中製成之一結構芯35及其由本發明之該組合 144798.doc •17· 201034773 物40形成之—表面層41於外周上包圍。同樣的，在此例 中，該結構芯35及在該組合物4〇中之該外表面層…之保形 與麼實（麼緊）係由該複合棒4之兩部分共擠虔而獲得， 將其遞交至燒結步驟。 思 當藉由擠壓將該冶金組合物4〇進行壓實時，例如如於圖 6A、6B#6C之棒2、3與4之形成中的情況，該組合物可進 一步包括有機黏合劑，其可在該組合物之保形後及在^士 步驟之前藉由任何已知之移除技術從該組合物中經熱去 該有機黏合劑可為（例如）由石樣及其他壤類、EVA及低 熔點聚合物組成之群中選出之任—者。 _ 广亦概要顯示獲得燒結鋼中之複合產物的另—方法， 該複合產物呈現-或多個具有自潤特徵之表面區域。在此 貝,J中待獲付之該產物5呈現以微粒材料形成之經預先 成形為條狀物形式之結構基板3G，其指出在該結構基㈣ =—對立面上以連續條狀物之形式輥愿本發明之該組 合物40之表面層41。鈇 ，、、、後將該稷合產物5遞交至燒結步 驟。 雖然本發明已藉由—此 二了的S物及與不同結構基板 =例呈現於文但應瞭解該等組合物 此項技術者當淺顯易懂之變化，而不脫離控制呈 離散顆粒之固態潤滑劑 列4在結構基質内之分佈，亦及該固態 /閏α劑在燒結步驟中 冷於§亥基質中之最終傾向之發明概 '公如於本技術說明書隨附之申請專利範圍中所定義。 144798.doc -18- 201034773 【圖式簡單說明】 本發明已參考作為本發明實施例的實例之附圖描述於 上，其中： 圖1 A、1B及1C依序及概要地顯示在燒結步驟期間因與 鐵粉末（基質）混合之碳化物顆粒之解離而引起的微結構之 發展，圖1A顯示在製程之起始相中的材料之兩相微結構，Self-lubricating properties are required in one or more surface areas of a mechanical component or component of a movable element. Accordingly, the desired self-lubricating product can be constructed as shown in Fig. 5 by a structural substrate 3G which preferably conforms to the particulate material and accepts the composition of the present invention, such as the surface layer 41, in one or two opposing faces 31. In the actual shot, the two opposite surface layers of the structural substrate 3 and the composition 4 are compacted by two opposing punches ρ at the portion I of any suitable mold to form compacted and insured. The complex α product 1 is formed and thereafter submitted to the sintering step. In this example, only the two opposing faces 3 of the substrate 30 exhibit the desired self-lubricating properties. Figures 6A and 6B illustrate products in the form of rods 2 and 3, respectively, obtained by extruding the composition 4 in a suitable extruded substrate (not illustrated). In this case, the conformal system is subjected to the extrusion step of the latter by compacting the composition. The rod 2 or tube 3 can then be submitted to a sintering step for forming a wire-based, 'ruthenium substrate" and incorporating discrete, dispersed particulate solid lubricants and particles thereof. Figure 6C illustrates another example of a product formed by a composite rod 4 comprising a structural core 35 formed in a particulate material and formed by the combination 144798.doc • 17· 201034773 of the present invention - surface The layer 41 is surrounded on the outer circumference. Similarly, in this example, the conformal shape and the solid surface layer of the structural core 35 and the outer surface layer in the composition 4 are obtained by coextruding two portions of the composite rod 4. , submit it to the sintering step. The metallurgical composition is pressed in real time by extrusion, for example, as in the formation of rods 2, 3 and 4 of Figs. 6A, 6B#6C, the composition may further comprise an organic binder, The organic binder may be removed from the composition by any known removal technique after conformalization of the composition and may be, for example, from stone and other soils, EVA. And selected from the group consisting of low melting point polymers. _ Guang also outlines an alternative method of obtaining a composite product in sintered steel that exhibits - or a plurality of surface regions with self-lubricating characteristics. In this case, the product 5 to be obtained in J, presents a structural substrate 3G formed in the form of a strip formed in the form of a particulate material, which is indicated in the form of a continuous strip on the opposite side of the structural base (four) = The surface layer 41 of the composition 40 of the present invention is desired. The chelating product 5 is submitted to the sintering step after 鈇 , , , and . Although the present invention has been described in terms of the S-objects and the different structural substrates = examples, it should be understood that the compositions can be easily understood by those skilled in the art without departing from the solid state of discrete particles. The distribution of the lubricant column 4 in the structural matrix, and the final tendency of the solid/闰α agent to be cooled in the matrix during the sintering step are as disclosed in the patent application accompanying this specification. definition. 144798.doc -18- 201034773 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings as examples of embodiments of the invention, wherein: FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C are shown sequentially and schematically during the sintering step. Figure 1A shows the two-phase microstructure of the material in the initial phase of the process due to the development of the microstructure caused by the dissociation of the carbide particles mixed with the iron powder (matrix),
其中碳化物顆粒仍完整，亦即反應尚未被引發，同時圊1B 顯不奴化物已發生部分解離之狀況及圖1C顯示已完全解離 之狀況； 圖2概要地顯示用於在具有低摩擦係數之鋼中的複合材 料體積内的固態潤滑劑顆粒或節結之分佈之所需理想狀 況，其允許維持該複合材料基質之高程度連續性；在一理 想狀況下，固態潤滑劑必須呈於材料之體積内均勻分佈之 離散顆粒或節結之形式，並具有介於顆粒或節結之間的規 則平均自由行程「入」； Ο 圖3係本發明之材料在已受到燒結狀態，且在碳化物顆 粒之解離後之微結構的照片，其顯示為受到由α相及複合 材料之基質形成之透明層所包圍之石墨節結； 圖4顯示在燒結期間產生之節結内部的石墨結構之詳 . 圖，其經由利用具有場致發射搶（FEG-SEM)之掃描式電子 顯微鏡以高增加率（20，_ χ)而獲得之照片，其證明呈奈 米厚度的石墨薄皮或薄片之形式的結構，· 圖5概要地及以一簡圖顯示在形成隨後待燒結之部件或 產物中壓實之-實例，該壓實係經作成在待燒結產品之兩 144798.doc 201034773 對立面中提供自潤層； 一或多個面僅具有一自 此製程應在當其要求於燒結部件之 潤層之時使用； 圖6A、6B與6C顯示鈕丄 ‘ 错由分別擠壓以自潤複合材料製成 之棒、以自潤複合材料製成之管、及具有芯以金屬合金製 成、外層塗佈有自潤材料之棒進行壓實而獲得成形之產品 實例；及 圖7概要地及以簡圖顯示在形成隨後待燒結之部件或產 品中壓實之實例，該壓實係藉由將自潤複合材料輥壓在金 屬合金板或條之對立面上而達成。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 複合產物 2 棒 3 管 4 複合棒 5 複合產物 10 結構基質 11 顆粒 12 α相 20 固態潤滑劑 21 層 30 結構基質 31 對立面 35 結構芯 40 冶金組合物 144798.doc 201034773 41 Μ Ρ 表面層 模具 衝頭Wherein the carbide particles are still intact, that is, the reaction has not yet been initiated, while the 解1B shows that the partial dissociation has occurred and FIG. 1C shows the condition of complete dissociation; FIG. 2 is schematically shown for use in the case of having a low coefficient of friction. The desired ideal condition for the distribution of solid lubricant particles or nodules within the volume of the composite in the steel, which allows for maintaining a high degree of continuity of the composite matrix; in an ideal situation, the solid lubricant must be present in the material. a form of discrete particles or nodules uniformly distributed within the volume, and having a regular mean free path "in" between the particles or nodules; Ο Figure 3 is a material of the present invention that has been sintered and is in a carbide A photograph of the microstructure of the dissociated particles, which is shown as a graphite nodule surrounded by a transparent layer formed of a matrix of alpha phase and composite; Figure 4 shows the details of the graphite structure inside the nodules produced during sintering. Figure, which is obtained by using a scanning electron microscope with field emission stimuli (FEG-SEM) at a high rate of increase (20, _ χ), which proves to be nano Structure of graphite in the form of thin skin or flakes, Figure 5 shows, in outline and in a simplified view, an example of compaction in a part or product to be subsequently sintered, which is made in two of the products to be sintered 144798.doc 201034773 A self-wetting layer is provided in the opposite side; one or more faces have only one process from which they should be used when they require a layer of sintered parts; Figures 6A, 6B and 6C show the button's error An example of a product obtained by extruding a rod made of a self-wetting composite material, a tube made of a self-wetting composite material, and a rod having a core made of a metal alloy and an outer layer coated with a self-lubricating material is compacted to obtain a shape; And Figure 7 shows, in outline and in simplified form, an example of compaction in forming a component or product to be subsequently sintered, which is achieved by rolling a self-wetting composite onto a metal alloy sheet or strip. [Main component symbol description] 1 Composite product 2 Rod 3 Tube 4 Composite rod 5 Composite product 10 Structural matrix 11 Particle 12 α phase 20 Solid lubricant 21 Layer 30 Structural substrate 31 Opposite surface 35 Structural core 40 Metallurgical composition 144798.doc 201034773 41 Μ Ρ Surface layer die punch
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