TW201028232A - Submerged entry nozzle - Google Patents

Abstract

A nozzle (410) for guiding molten metal comprises an inlet (106) at an upstream first end and at least one outlet (210) towards a downstream second end. An inner surface (117) is provided between the inlet (106) and the at least one outlet (210) to define a bore (118) through the nozzle (410). The bore (118) has a throat region (200) adjacent the inlet (106). An annular channel (420) is provided in the inner surface of the nozzle (410). A fluid supply means (900) is arranged to introduce fluid into the bore (118) via the annular channel (420) or downstream thereof. The throat region (200) has a convexly curved surface and the annular channel (420) is located within or adjacent the throat region (200). The invention also provides for a method of controlling the flow of molten metal through a nozzle (410), as described above, and a system for controlling the flow of molten metal. The system comprises a nozzle (410), as described above, and a stopper rod (100) configured to be received in the throat region (200) of the nozzle (410) to control the flow of molten metal through the nozzle (410).

Description

201028232 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種用於引導熔態金屬（例如熔鋼） 的注嘴。更特別的是，本發明關於一種所謂的浸入式注嘴 5 (Submerged Entry Nozzle，SEN)(也習稱鑄造喷嘴），其係 用於生產鋼鐵的連續鑄造製程。本發明也有關於一種用於 控制炫態金屬之流動的系統，例如在鑄鋼時。 【先前技術】 ίο 在連續鑄造製鋼法中，溶鋼係由盛鋼桶（ladle)倒入 習稱分鋼槽（tundish)的大容器。該分鋼槽具有一或更多 個出口以讓熔鋼經其流入一或更多個各別的鑄模。熔鋼在 鑄模中冷卻及凝固以形成有連續整體鑄成長度的金屬。浸 入式注嘴位於分鋼槽與各個鑄模之間且引導炼鋼由分鋼槽 15 流動通過它至鑄模。該浸入式注嘴的形式為長形導管，一 般外形為剛性内規管（pipe )或外規管（tube )。 理想的浸入式注嘴有以下主要功能。首先，注嘴用來 防止由分鋼槽流入鑄模的炼鋼與空氣接觸，因為暴露於空 氣會導致鋼氧化，這對品質有不利影響。第二，注嘴儘量 20以平滑無瑞流的方式引導溶鋼進入每模是尚度需要的’這 是因為鑄模中的湍流會導致熔鋼表面上的助熔劑（flux )被 向下拉進鑄模（習稱‘夾帶‘），以致在鑄鋼中產生雜質。浸入 式注嘴的第三個主要功能是要以受控方式引導熔鋼進入鑄 模以便實現形成勻一的凝固坯殼以及有勻一品質及成分的 25 鑄鋼，即使最靠近模壁的鋼會最快凝固。 201028232 % 應瞭解，設計及製造可實現上述所有功能至可接受程 度的浸入式注嘴是一項極具挑戰性的任務。不只必須把注 嘴設計及製造成耐得住與快速流動的熔鋼有關的力及溫 度，而且需要抑制湍流以及熔鋼在鑄模中要有均勻的分 5布，其在流體力學上是非常複雜的問題。 此外，鋁合金常引進鑄造製程以便與熔鋼裡的氧結合 以去除之，因為氧在鑄造金屬内會形成不想要的氣泡及空 穴。不過，習知在用於鑄造製程期間的浸入式注嘴之内表 _ 面上容易累積氧化鋁，這種累積會限制金屬流動通過注 10 嘴，接著會影響流出注嘴之金屬的品質及流動，到時氧化 I呂累積可能最終會完全堵塞金屬的流動以致注嘴無法使 用。 因此，本發明的目標是要提供一種改良的浸入式注嘴。 15【發明内容】 根據本發明的第一面向，提供一種用於引導熔態金屬 _ 的注嘴，包含：位在一上游第一末端處的一入口；朝向一 下游第二末端處的至少一出口；在該入口與該至少一出口 之間的一内表面，其係界定穿過該注嘴的一鑽孔，該鑽孔 20 具有鄰近該入口的一喉區；設在該注嘴之該内表面中的一 環形通道；以及一流體供給構件，其係經配置成可引導流 體經由該環形通道或其下游進入該鑽孔；其中，該喉區具 有一中凸曲面，以及該環形通道位於該喉區的該中凸曲面 之内或附近。 25 應瞭解，由於該環形通道位於喉區的中凸曲面之内或 5 201028232 附近（亦即在中凸曲面與鑽孔之其餘部份之間的介面），緊 鄰環形通道上游的注嘴内表面會呈弧形。 本發明申請人已發現本發明允許引導流體（例如氬） 進入注嘴的鑽孔以及流動通過該注嘴之熔態金屬的破壞 5 (disruption)為最少。本發明申請人相信這是因為喉區的 曲面提供一正切剝離表面（tangential lift-off surface)，在 引導流體通過環形通道之前，該表面會促進熔態金屬脫離 注嘴的内表面。不過，不同於截頭圓錐形的喉區會把熔態 金屬導向注嘴中心線而在鑽孔中產生湍流的情形，這時熔 10態金屬仍為實質層流且在脫離内表面後是以大體彎曲向下 的方向繼續流動。因此，注嘴在環形通道之前的幾何會影 響金屬的流動以及流體藉由環形通道導引的有效性。如下 文所詳述的，用本發明可把流體引導成在注嘴的内表面與 流經它的熔態金屬之間形成簾幕（亦即層）。這有助於防止 15 夾雜物沿著鑽孔沉積而影響熔態金屬離開注嘴的流動特 性。 因此，在使用時，此一特殊注嘴結構允許熔態金屬流 入喉區直到它由於有環形通道而擺脫注嘴的内表面，這可 視為内表面的中斷。這在環形通道中無金屬實質流動的區 20 域中會形成‘死區‘。如果不是經由流體供給構件來導入流 體的話，在‘死區‘下游，金屬流會自然傾向膨脹而重新附 著於注嘴内表面。因此，應暸解，要將流體供給構件配置 成在金屬重新附著於注嘴内表面之前能引導流體進入‘死 區‘。在‘死區‘區域饋入鑽孔的流體會被流動通過鑽孔的熔 25 態金屬向下帶到鑽孔内表面。因此，流體會在鑽孔與金屬 201028232 流之間形成襯套或簾幕，這有助於防止金屬重新附著於注 嘴内表面，藉此可減少夾雜物（例如氧化鋁）累積於注嘴 内表面上。在一些具體實施例中，可將簾幕的長度製做成 可振動以便提供能最小化夾雜物之累積的洗滌效果 5 ( scrubbing effect)。由於引進流體至4死區‘，因此可以低 於直接導入金屬流的速率及壓力導入。因此，可實質節省 流體的需要量。 本發明申請人做過計算流體力學（CFD)模擬以研究注 φ 嘴12有截頭圓錐形喉區10的效果（它不在上述的本發明 ίο 定義内）。圖示於第1圖的研究結果為熔態金屬18在流動 通過注嘴12時於經由環形通道16(配置在喉區10内）引進 氣體14後最初幾秒的順序相位分布圖。更特別的是，第1 圖圖示23張注嘴12内的相位分布圖，其中每一張為前一 張於1秒後的相位分布圖（由左至右）。應注意，第1A圖為 15第1圖中之第一張的喉區放大圖，其係圖示在首先將氣體 14導入鑽孔時（亦即有效消逝時間為0秒）的相位分布。 φ 此一特定研究（為後述研究的比較例）係使用簡單的開 端注嘴12(亦即具有直徑等於鑽孔的軸向出口）。因此，在 注嘴12内允許熔態金屬18以重力自由落下，而只藉由堵 20 塞桿（stopper rod) 20的封閉程度來實現流動通過注嘴12 的控制。因此，模擬結果同樣可應用於其他的排出口配置 (這可根據鑄模的想要流動特性來選擇）。 由第1圖可見，經由環形通道16注入的氬氣14不會 在注嘴12兩側向下形成保護幕，反而會沿著鑽孔長度形成 25 離散的氣體14之氣囊。因此，用截頭圓錐形喉區10不容 7 201028232 易在注嘴12内表面上形成氣體簾幕，本發明申請人相信， 這是因為喉區10的筆直側面會導引熔態金屬18至注嘴12 的中心線而在熔態金屬18中產生某一程度的湍流，接著這 會擾亂流入鑽孔的氣體14。 請再參考本發明，該注嘴是要用於包含用以控制熔態 金屬流之堵塞桿（如上述）的系統。注嘴的喉區具有容納使 用中之堵塞桿的支持面（seating surface )。可改變堵塞桿與 支持面之間的距離以控制熔態金屬通過注嘴的流動。環形 通道可安置於支持面的下游。 該注嘴可為習知的浸入式注嘴。因此 片的整體耐火材料（monolithic refractory)形成 15 20 替換地’該注嘴可由兩個或更多離散組件形成。例如 在使用時，所謂的内注嘴或分鋼槽注嘴可形成注嘴的上半 部’以及在使用時，所謂的浸入式管套（Submerged Entry Shroud, SES)或單管注嘴（monotuben〇zzle)可形成注嘴的 下半部。在一些具體實施例中，該上半部可在上游端包含 中凸弧形喉區，以及該上半部可結尾於帶有橫向凸緣且設 在離喉區下游端有一段相對短距離的環形板。該下半部在 上游端可包含帶有橫向凸緣的對應環形板，其係經配置成 上半部的環形板可钳住它以固定這兩個部份在—起。該下 半部可提供大部份的注孔。上述具體實_可用=以 阻擋器控制的換管器系統，或是在啦或單管的情形下用 鑽ί體實施殊優點在於經由環形通道來 :=:孔可形成屏障，以防止空氣在兩個組件的接 25 201028232 、斤ΐίΐ具體實施财，係將注嘴配置成可由分鋼槽輸 送熔態金屬至鑄模。 通道可整個設在喉區内（在這種情形τ，注嘴緊鄰通道 I游的内表面為弧形）或者是可設在喉區與鑽孔之 5 份的介面處。 e 10 15 緊鄰通道上游的曲面於相對鑽孔縱軸量測時具有〇度 至90度（理論最大值）之角度的切平面。因此，理論上， 該切平面可與軸線平行（即〇度）（在這種情形下，緊鄰通 道上游的曲面之半徑與注嘴的軸線垂直）、垂直於轴線（即 90度Μ在這種情形下’緊鄰通道上游的曲面之半徑與注嘴 的軸線平行）或與軸線以任何角度交又成可形成開口朝向 上游的圓錐。在有些具體實施例中’當相對於鑽孔的縱抽 量測時，該切平面可形成的角度為介於〇。至5〇。、介於〇。 至30。、介於〇。至5。、介於5。至2〇。或介於尸至1〇。。替換 地，該切平面相對於鑽孔縱軸可形成的角度為45。。 ❹ 20 通道的寬度（亦即沿著鑽孔長度的尺寸）可為短的或可 延伸至遠到至少-出口或注嘴的第二末端（亦即所有在通 道上游壁之下游的錢孔直徑都大於緊鄰通道上游的鑽孔直 徑）。更特別的是，通道的寬度可落在注嘴第一、第二末端 間之距離的大約0.5%至95%的範圍内。在某些具體實施例 中’通道的寬度不小於注嘴第一、第二末端間之距離的 60/。。在其他具體實施例中，通道的寬度不小於注嘴第一、 第二末端間之距離的30〇/〇。又在其他具體實施例中，通道 的寬度不小於注嘴第-、第二末端間之距離的1〇%。在盆 他具體實施例中，通道的寬度不小於注嘴第一、第二末端 25 201028232 間之距離的5%。應暸解，通道的最大寬度取決於通道在注 嘴内的位置。例如，通道位於從第一末端至第二末端之距 離的10%處，通道的最大範圍為從第一末端至第二末端之 距離的90%。 5 通道的深度（亦即其徑向範圍）可落在注嘴緊鄰通道上 游那一點的厚度之一範圍内（約0.1%至50%)。 通道的橫截面輪廓沒有特別的限制，例如可為半球 形、方形、三角形（例如V形）、U形或任何其他的多角形。 因此，該通道可由鑽孔中呈弧形、筆直或兩者之組合的牆 ίο 壁部份界定。此外，在通道上游端的牆壁部份可大體延伸 至注嘴的第二末端、至注嘴的第一末端或與第一及第二末 端平行。 儘管該通道可完全為環形（亦即完全沿著鑽孔内表面 延伸），然而舉升金屬離開注嘴内表面的必要功能效果仍然 15 要用通道中一或更多個中斷來達成或部份達成（亦即考慮 其中通道由許多相互隔開之環形通道構成的具體實施 例）。在這種情形下，介於通道之間的間隙總合會小於通道 長度之總合的50%，小於35%為較佳，小於20%更佳，以 及小於15%為最佳。 20 該流體供給構件可包含延伸穿過注嘴之一侧至通道或 至内表面在通道下游之部份的至少一通路（多個通路為較 佳）。該流體供給構件可包含多孔塊體，其係構成該通道之 至少一牆壁部份或該内表面在通道下游的部份，且經組態 成可擴散穿經它的流體。 201028232 在特定具體實施例中，該流體供給構件係經組態成可 供給進入鑽孔的氣體（例如氣）。 例如，該喉區可具有介於注嘴第一及第二末端間的距 離之3至10%(例如約5%)的軸向範圍。 5 該至少一出口可與鑽孔的縱軸軸向對齊或有斜度。 注嘴在通道下游的鑽孔直徑可大於、等於、或小於鑽 孔在通道區的直徑。在一具體實施例中，鑽孔在通道下游 的直徑小於鑽孔在通道區的直徑，但是大於鑽孔緊鄰通道 參 上游的直徑。 10 在該鑽孔中可裝設至少一凹槽。該至少一凹槽可具有 相連繫的（第二）流體供給構件，其係經配置成允許引導流 體進入在凹槽處或下方的鑽孔。該凹槽的形式可為環形通 道或部份環形通道或通道。由第二流體供給構件引進的流 體可與由第一流體供給構件所引進的流體相同或不同，不 15 過以相同為宜。 φ 根據本發明的第二面向，提供一種用於控制熔態金屬 之流動的系統，該系統包含如上文於本發明第一面向之任 一具體實施例提及的注嘴以及一堵塞桿，該堵塞桿組態成 被容納於該注嘴之喉區以控制熔態金屬通過該注嘴的流 20 動。 該堵塞桿可包含實質長柱形主體，其係具有組態成在 與喉區支持面接觸時可封閉注嘴入口之圓形或截頭圓錐形 的鼻頭。該堵塞桿可包含通過其中心線的縱向通道而用於 供給流出其鼻頭的流體。該流體可為諸如氬之類的氣體。 201028232 使用時，供給流出該堵塞桿的流體有助於防止夾雜物（例 如氧化鋁）累積於堵塞桿的鼻頭上和注嘴内。 本發明申請人已發現，本發明注嘴實現流動特性的改 善可藉由減少饋入通過堵塞桿本身的流體數量（有時甚至 5 為零），而不是使用低於正常饋入通過堵塞桿的流量。因 此，本發明可減少系統的流體總消耗量。 根據本發明的第三面向，提供一種控制熔態金屬流動 通過第一面向之注嘴的方法，該方法包含以下步驟：讓熔 態金屬流入該注嘴；在該通道處，使熔態金屬的流動脫離 10 該注嘴的内表面以產生一死區；引導一流體進入該死區以 及讓熔態金屬的流動可把該流體向下拉到該注嘴，以產生 一介於熔態金屬的流動與該注嘴之間的屏障。 【實施方式】 15 本發明特定具體實施例此時將以參考隨附圖式而僅為 舉例說明之方式描述。 如上述，第1圖及第1A圖的計算流體力學（CFD)模擬 結果係圖示在熔態金屬流動通過有截頭圓錐形喉區10之 注嘴12時於引進氣體後最初幾秒的順序相位分布。顯而易 2〇 見，引進注嘴12鑽孔的氣體14不會在注嘴12内表面與流 經熔態金屬18之間形成連續保護層。反而是第1圖顯示氣 體14容易散開成為離散的氣囊，這是熔態金屬18中由截 頭圓錐喉區10朝向注嘴12中心線的湍流造成的。 第2A圖及第2B圖為習知鑄造總成（casting assembly ) 12 201028232 的不意圖’其中係將堵塞桿100配置於分鋼槽102中以便 安置它的鼻頭104於浸入式注嘴（SEN)1〇8的入口 106中。 堵塞桿100由控制機構u〇懸吊下來以便使它垂直置放， 以控制溶態金屬由分鋼槽1〇2通過注嘴1〇8和進入在下方 5之鑄模（未圖示）的流動。 在圖不的總成中，注嘴108的形式通常為具有實質中 空柱形侧壁116的長形管體，而管體的内表面u7則界定 穿過它的鑽孔118。側壁116向注嘴1〇8頂部（第一末端） _ 向外呈喻σ八狀以形成有凸曲率的喉區200。應瞭解’入口 10 1〇6構成橫越喉區2〇〇自由端的水平面。此外，喉區2〇〇 的壤形部份構成支持面220，使用時，其係用來使堵塞桿 1〇〇就位。在注嘴1〇8的下端（第二末端）處有兩個徑向相對 排出口 210 (各有穿過側壁116的實質圓形橫截面）。注嘴 1〇8的底部240是封閉的。 15 如第2B圖所示，喉區200會容納習知堵塞桿100。堵 塞桿100包含在下端有圓形鼻頭104的大體長枉形主體 ® 260。圓形鼻頭104係經組態成可被容納在入口 1〇6，藉此 在相對注嘴108放低堵塞桿1〇〇時，鼻頭1〇4最終會接觸 %形支持面220上的喉區200，這會形成密封以防止金屬 20流由入口 1〇6流入鑽孔118。相對注嘴1〇8昇高堵塞桿 100(如第2B圖所示）可在其間產生間隙讓金屬可流入注嘴 108。因此，藉由改變堵塞桿1〇〇相對於注嘴108的垂直位 移’有可能控制經過注嘴108的流量。 圖示於第2A圖及第2B圖的堵塞桿1〇〇也包含通過主 25體260的相對大枉形鑽孔300與由鑽孔300通過鼻頭1〇4 13 201028232 延伸至堵塞桿100尖端340的相對小柱形鑽孔320。鑽孔 300、320係經組態成允許供給流體（一般為氬氣）通過堵 塞桿100。使用時，此氣體供給有助於防止夾雜物累積於 鼻頭104表面及注嘴108本身上，否則這會影響流入及通 5 過注嘴108的金屬。 眾所周知的問題是，在使用期間（鋼鐵的鑄造製程）， 夾雜物（例如氧化鋁）會累積於注嘴内表面上，如上文在 說明第2A圖及第2B圖時所描述的。此累積會干擾熔態金 屬流動通過注嘴以及進入在下方的鑄模，接著，這會使鑄 ίο 鋼的品質降級。 最小化夾雜物累積於注嘴内的習知企圖包含在側壁 116内裝設多孔環（未圖示）以及壓迫氬氣通過。此一方 法的有效性是取決於氣體出現於鑽孔118的分布。不過， 此類環狀物上的孔常常阻塞以致氣體的分布不平均而無 15 效。此外，需要以相對高壓的方式將氣體導入鑽孔118以 便能夠壓迫鋼流到旁邊讓出空間給它。這導致昂貴資源氣 體的高通量。 第3圖為用來解決上述問題的本發明具體實施例A。 如圖示，第3圖所示的注嘴及堵塞桿總體布置與上文在說 20 明第2B圖時提及的相同，因此類似的元件用相同的元件符 號表示。第2B圖的先前技術注嘴108與第3圖具體實施例 A的注嘴350之間的主要差異在於環形通道360是設在喉 區200與鑽孔118的介面處。此具體實施例的通道360是 由相對短的徑向底切380與向下向内傾斜的相對長牆壁部 25 份400形成。如果喉區200的曲率繼續取代通道360以及 14 201028232 在牆壁部份400的同一點結尾，則會形成與鑽孔118在通 道360下游之直徑一樣的直徑。儘管第3圖未圖示，提供 通過在注嘴350 —旁的通路以在使用時供給流體（亦即諸 如氬之類的氣體）至通道360。第12圖、第12A圖及第 5 12B圖圖示用於供給流體至通道360的特殊布置，這在下 文將加以詳述。 ❹ 第4圖圖示本發明的具體實施例b，其注嘴及堵塞 的總體布置與上文在說明第3圖時提及的相同，因此= 的疋件用相同的元件符號表示。第3圖注嘴35〇與第 具體實施例B的注嘴410之間的主要差異是環形通道 ，尺寸。特別是，此具體實施例的通道42〇是由相 ^向底切440(大約為具體實施例A的三倍長)形成。從刀 的末端到若不裝設通道420時喉區200之曲率與鑽 118的會合點也提供向下向内傾斜的牆壁部份46〇 /、孔 第5圖圖示本發明的具體實施例c，其注嘴 的總體布置與上文在說明第4圖時提及的相同，塞桿 的7^件用相同的元件符號表示。第4圖的注嘴41〇 1 員似 圖具體實施例C的注嘴480之間的主要差異是環^第5 500的形狀。特別是，此具體實施例的通道5〇〇 ^形通道 2〇戴面。因此，通道5〇〇是由徑向底切52〇(大約為具=形蟥 例B的一半長）、垂直向下延伸的牆壁部份540及押實施 延伸的牆壁部份560形成。 a向向内 第6圖圖示本發明的具體實施例〇，其注嘴及土 的總體布置與上文在說明第4圖時提及的相同，因绪塞椁 25的元件用相同的元件符號表示。第4圖的注嘴41〇此类貝似 15 與第6 201028232 圖具體實施例D之注嘴660之間的主要差異是環形通道 680的位置。特別是，此具體實施例的通道680是大約設 在支持面220與喉區200下端的中間。通道680的形狀大 體與第4圖之通道420相同，不過，由於此時通道680是 5 設在注嘴660的彎曲部份上，底切700向外以及稍微向下 地延伸，以及牆壁部份720向内延伸的程度大於向下。 第7圖為注嘴之一側面的橫截面圖，其係圖示可實現 具體實施例A(第3圖）之通道360的特殊布置。如圖示，最 初在注嘴的内表面117中產生直邊溝槽740於想要通道360 ίο 的位置處。溝槽740係經組態成與想要通道360有一樣的 寬度，但是深度明顯較深（亦即徑向範圍）。陶瓷多孔環形 嵌件760是配置在溝槽740的底部且一起被壓入注嘴。多 孔環形嵌件760的形狀係經製作成可緊貼著溝槽740底 部，以及它向内暴露的表面則構成想要通道的牆壁部份。 15在此特定具體實施例中，多孔環形嵌件760構成通道360 中向内向下傾斜的牆壁部份400，而溝槽740上側的暴露 部份構成底切380。多孔環形嵌件760係經組態成可擴散 藉由氣體供給通道（未圖示於第7圖）進入通道360而供給 給它的氣體。 20 第8圖為注嘴之一側面的橫截面圖，其係圖示可實現 具體實施例B(第4圖）之通道420的特殊布置。其係使用總 體布置與第7圖相同的通道及多孔環形嵌件，因此類似的 元件用相同的元件符號表示。第7圖之布置與第8圖的主 要差異是多孔環形嵌件780的暴露面之角度。特別是相對 25 於水平面，多孔環形嵌件780有斜度較小的暴露面，其係 16 201028232 構成具體實施例B之通道420中向下向内傾斜的牆壁部份 460。如上述，溝槽740上側面的暴露部份構成底切440。 不過，在此具體實施例中，底切440則明顯大於具體實施 例A的底切。 5 第9圖為注嘴之一側面的橫截面圖，其係圖示可實現 具體實施例C(第5圖）之通道500的特殊布置。其係使用總 體布置與第8圖相同的通道及多孔環形嵌件，因此類似的 元件用相同的元件符號表示。第8圖之布置與第9圖的主 ©要差異是由多孔環形嵌件800之暴露面製成的通道之形 1〇 狀。特別是，多孔環形嵌件800有移後到凹槽740内的垂 直暴露面以構成具體實施例C之通道500的垂直牆壁部份 540。如前述，凹槽740上側面的暴露部份構成底切520。 此外，凹槽740下側面的暴露部份構成徑向向内延伸的牆 壁部份560。因此，在此具體實施例中，該通道呈實質矩 15 形而與具體實施例A、B的三角形相反。 使用時，上述具體實施例允許熔態金屬沿著注嘴的喉 φ 區流動直到由於有通道出現而使它擺脫喉部的曲面。這會 在通道中沒有實質金屬流的區域中產生‘死區‘。如果沒有 經由通路引導氣體（氬）至通道的話，在4死區4下游，金屬流 20 會自然傾向膨脹以填滿鑽孔以及重新附著於注嘴的内表 面。在‘死區‘的區域中饋入鑽孔的氬會被流動通過它的熔 態金屬向下帶到鑽孔的内表面。因此，氬在鑽孔與金屬流 之間形成襯套或簾幕，這有助於防止金屬重新附著於注嘴 表面，從而可減少夾雜物（例如氧化鋁）累積於注嘴表面 25上。在一些具體實施例中，可使簾幕的長度能振動以便提 17 201028232 供最小化夾雜物之累積的洗滌效果。由於引進氬至‘死區 ‘，因此可以低於假若直接導入引進金屬流的速率及壓力導 入。因此，可實質節省氬的需要量。 應瞭解’如果在金屬流重新附著於注嘴内表面之前， 5在通道附近或下方的位置處供給氬至鑽孔，可得到相同的 效果。 第10A圖、第10B圖及第i〇c圖的計算流體力學(CFD) 模擬結果係分別圖示炫態金屬在流動通過本發明具體實施 例B之注嘴410(圖示於第4圖及第8圖）時於引進氬氣後最 W初20秒的順序相位分布、速度及壓力。 15 20201028232 VI. Description of the Invention: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a nozzle for guiding a molten metal such as molten steel. More particularly, the invention relates to a so-called Submerged Entry Nozzle (SEN) (also known as a casting nozzle) which is used in the continuous casting process for the production of steel. The invention also relates to a system for controlling the flow of a viscous metal, such as when casting steel. [Prior Art] ίο In the continuous casting steel method, the molten steel is poured from a ladle into a large container known as a tundish. The splitter channel has one or more outlets through which molten steel flows into one or more respective molds. The molten steel is cooled and solidified in a mold to form a metal having a continuous overall cast length. The immersion nozzle is located between the splitter tank and each of the molds and directs the steelmaking to flow through the splitter tank 15 through it to the mold. The immersion nozzle is in the form of a long conduit, generally in the form of a rigid inner tube or outer tube. The ideal immersion nozzle has the following main functions. First, the nozzle is used to prevent the steelmaking that flows into the mold from the dividing groove from coming into contact with the air, since exposure to air causes oxidation of the steel, which adversely affects the quality. Second, it is desirable to have the nozzle 20 as far as possible to guide the molten steel into each mold in a smooth and non-reflow manner. This is because the turbulence in the mold causes the flux on the surface of the molten steel to be pulled down into the mold ( It is called 'entrainment'), so that impurities are generated in the cast steel. The third main function of the immersion nozzle is to guide the molten steel into the mold in a controlled manner in order to achieve a uniform solidified shell and 25 cast steel with uniform quality and composition, even if the steel closest to the mold wall will The fastest solidification. 201028232 % It should be understood that designing and manufacturing an immersion nozzle that achieves all of the above functions to an acceptable level is a challenging task. It is not only necessary to design and manufacture the nozzle to withstand the forces and temperatures associated with fast-flowing molten steel, but also to suppress turbulence and to have a uniform split of 5 in the mold, which is very complicated in fluid mechanics. The problem. In addition, aluminum alloys are often introduced into the casting process to combine with the oxygen in the molten steel to remove it, as oxygen can form unwanted bubbles and voids in the cast metal. However, it is known that alumina is easily accumulated on the surface of the immersion nozzle used in the casting process. This accumulation restricts the flow of metal through the nozzle, and then affects the quality and flow of the metal flowing out of the nozzle. At that time, the oxidation of Ilu may eventually completely block the flow of the metal so that the nozzle cannot be used. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved immersion nozzle. 15 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to a first aspect of the present invention, a nozzle for guiding a molten metal _ is provided, comprising: an inlet located at an upstream first end; at least one facing a downstream second end An inner surface between the inlet and the at least one outlet defining a bore through the nozzle, the bore 20 having a throat adjacent the inlet; the nozzle is disposed at the nozzle An annular passage in the inner surface; and a fluid supply member configured to direct fluid through the annular passage or downstream thereof into the borehole; wherein the throat region has a convex curved surface, and the annular passage is located Within or near the convex curved surface of the throat region. 25 It should be understood that since the annular passage is located within the convex surface of the throat or near 201028232 (ie, the interface between the convex curved surface and the rest of the borehole), the inner surface of the nozzle immediately upstream of the annular passage Will be curved. The Applicant has found that the present invention allows the drilling of a fluid (e.g., argon) into the nozzle and the disruption of the molten metal flowing through the nozzle to be minimized. The Applicant believes this is because the curved surface of the throat region provides a tangential lift-off surface that promotes the flow of molten metal out of the inner surface of the nozzle prior to directing fluid through the annular passage. However, unlike the frustoconical throat region, the molten metal is directed to the centerline of the nozzle and turbulence is created in the borehole. At this point, the molten 10-state metal is still substantially laminar and is generally detached from the inner surface. The direction of the curve continues to flow downward. Therefore, the geometry of the nozzle before the annular passage affects the flow of metal and the effectiveness of the fluid being guided through the annular passage. As described in more detail below, with the present invention, the fluid can be directed to form a curtain (i.e., a layer) between the inner surface of the nozzle and the molten metal flowing therethrough. This helps prevent 15 inclusions from depositing along the borehole and affecting the flow characteristics of the molten metal leaving the nozzle. Thus, in use, this special nozzle structure allows the molten metal to flow into the throat until it emerges from the inner surface of the nozzle due to the annular passage, which can be considered an interruption of the inner surface. This creates a 'dead zone' in the region 20 of the annular channel where there is no substantial metal flow. If the fluid is not introduced through the fluid supply member, the metal flow tends to expand and reattach to the inner surface of the nozzle in the downstream of the 'dead zone'. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the fluid supply member is configured to direct fluid into the 'dead zone' before the metal reattaches to the inner surface of the nozzle. The fluid fed into the borehole in the 'dead zone' zone is carried down to the inner surface of the borehole by the molten metal flowing through the borehole. As a result, the fluid creates a bushing or curtain between the borehole and the metal 201028232 flow, which helps prevent metal from reattaching to the inner surface of the nozzle, thereby reducing the accumulation of inclusions (such as alumina) in the nozzle. On the surface. In some embodiments, the length of the curtain can be made vibratory to provide a scrubbing effect that minimizes the accumulation of inclusions. Since the introduction of fluid to the 4 dead zone ‘, it can be lower than the rate and pressure introduction of the direct introduction of the metal flow. Therefore, the amount of fluid required can be substantially saved. The applicant of the present invention has performed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to investigate the effect of the φ nozzle 12 having a frustoconical throat region 10 (which is not within the definition of the invention described above). The result of the study shown in Fig. 1 is the sequential phase distribution of the first few seconds after the introduction of the gas 14 through the annular passage 16 (disposed in the throat region 10) when the molten metal 18 flows through the nozzle 12. More specifically, Fig. 1 illustrates a phase distribution map in 23 nozzles 12, each of which is a phase profile of the previous one after 1 second (from left to right). It should be noted that Fig. 1A is an enlarged view of the throat region of the first sheet in Fig. 1 which shows the phase distribution when the gas 14 is first introduced into the borehole (i.e., the effective elapsed time is 0 seconds). φ This particular study (for the comparative example of the later study) uses a simple open nozzle tip 12 (i.e., has an axial outlet with a diameter equal to the borehole). Therefore, the molten metal 18 is allowed to fall freely by gravity in the nozzle 12, and the flow through the nozzle 12 is controlled only by the degree of closure of the stopper rod 20. Therefore, the simulation results can be applied to other discharge port configurations (this can be selected according to the desired flow characteristics of the mold). As can be seen from Fig. 1, the argon gas 14 injected through the annular passage 16 does not form a protective curtain downward on both sides of the nozzle 12, but instead forms a bubble of 25 discrete gas 14 along the length of the borehole. Therefore, the gas curtain is easily formed on the inner surface of the nozzle 12 by the frustoconical throat region 10, and the applicant of the present invention believes that this is because the straight side of the throat region 10 guides the molten metal 18 to the injection. The centerline of the mouth 12 creates a degree of turbulence in the molten metal 18 which in turn disturbs the gas 14 flowing into the borehole. Referring again to the present invention, the nozzle is intended for use in a system that includes a stemming bar (as described above) for controlling the flow of molten metal. The throat region of the nozzle has a seating surface that accommodates the blocking rod in use. The distance between the stemming bar and the support surface can be varied to control the flow of molten metal through the nozzle. The annular passage can be placed downstream of the support surface. The nozzle can be a conventional immersion nozzle. Thus the monolithic refractory of the sheet is formed 15 20 alternatively the nozzle can be formed from two or more discrete components. For example, in use, the so-called inner nozzle or splitter nozzle can form the upper half of the nozzle and, in use, the so-called Submerged Entry Shroud (SES) or single nozzle (monotuben) 〇zzle) can form the lower half of the nozzle. In some embodiments, the upper half may include a convex arcuate throat region at the upstream end, and the upper half may end with a lateral flange and a relatively short distance from the downstream end of the throat region. Ring plate. The lower half may include a corresponding annular plate with a lateral flange at the upstream end, which is configured such that the upper half of the annular plate clamps it to secure the two portions. Most of the injection holes are available in the lower half. The above specific _ can be used = the pipe changer system controlled by the blocker, or the case of using the drill body in the case of a single pipe or a single pipe is advantageous in that it is via the annular passage: =: the hole can form a barrier to prevent the air from being The two components are connected to each other, and the nozzle is configured to transport molten metal from the steel channel to the mold. The passage can be located entirely within the throat (in this case τ, the nozzle is curved adjacent to the inner surface of the passage I) or it can be placed at the interface between the throat and the borehole. e 10 15 A curved surface with an angle from 90 degrees (theoretical maximum) to the surface upstream of the channel when measured relative to the longitudinal axis of the borehole. Therefore, in theory, the tangent plane can be parallel to the axis (ie, the twist) (in this case, the radius of the surface immediately upstream of the channel is perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle), perpendicular to the axis (ie 90 degrees Μ here) In this case, the radius of the surface immediately upstream of the channel is parallel to the axis of the nozzle or at any angle to the axis to form a cone with the opening facing upstream. In some embodiments, the tangent plane can be formed at an angle of 〇 when measured relative to the longitudinal direction of the borehole. Up to 5 baht. Between 〇. To 30. Between 〇. To 5. , between 5. To 2 〇. Or between the corpses and 1 〇. . Alternatively, the angle of the tangent plane formed relative to the longitudinal axis of the bore is 45. . The width of the ❹ 20 channel (ie the dimension along the length of the borehole) may be short or extendable to at least the outlet or the second end of the nozzle (ie all the diameter of the money hole downstream of the upstream wall of the channel) Both are larger than the diameter of the hole immediately upstream of the channel). More specifically, the width of the channel may fall within the range of about 0.5% to 95% of the distance between the first and second ends of the nozzle. In some embodiments, the width of the channel is not less than 60/ of the distance between the first and second ends of the nozzle. . In other embodiments, the width of the channel is not less than 30 〇/〇 of the distance between the first and second ends of the nozzle. In still other embodiments, the width of the channel is not less than 1% of the distance between the first and second ends of the nozzle. In a specific embodiment, the width of the channel is not less than 5% of the distance between the first and second ends of the nozzle 25 201028232. It should be understood that the maximum width of the channel depends on the position of the channel within the nozzle. For example, the channel is located at 10% of the distance from the first end to the second end, and the maximum range of the channel is 90% of the distance from the first end to the second end. The depth of the 5 channel (i.e., its radial extent) may fall within one of the thicknesses of the point on the nozzle adjacent to the channel (about 0.1% to 50%). The cross-sectional profile of the channel is not particularly limited and may be, for example, hemispherical, square, triangular (e.g., V-shaped), U-shaped, or any other polygonal shape. Thus, the passage may be defined by a wall portion of the bore that is curved, straight, or a combination of the two. Additionally, the wall portion at the upstream end of the channel may extend generally to the second end of the nozzle, to the first end of the nozzle or to the first and second ends. Although the passage may be completely annular (ie, extending completely along the inner surface of the borehole), the necessary functional effect of lifting the metal away from the inner surface of the nozzle is still achieved by one or more interruptions in the passage. This is achieved (i.e., a specific embodiment in which the passage is formed by a plurality of mutually spaced annular passages). In this case, the total gap between the channels will be less than 50% of the total length of the channels, preferably less than 35%, more preferably less than 20%, and most preferably less than 15%. 20 The fluid supply member may comprise at least one passage extending through one side of the nozzle to the passage or to a portion of the inner surface downstream of the passage (several passages are preferred). The fluid supply member can comprise a porous block that forms at least one wall portion of the passage or a portion of the inner surface downstream of the passage and configured to diffuse fluid therethrough. 201028232 In a particular embodiment, the fluid supply member is configured to supply a gas (e.g., gas) into the borehole. For example, the throat region can have an axial extent of between 3 and 10% (e.g., about 5%) of the distance between the first and second ends of the nozzle. 5 The at least one outlet may be axially aligned or sloped with the longitudinal axis of the borehole. The diameter of the borehole downstream of the nozzle may be greater than, equal to, or less than the diameter of the borehole in the passage region. In a specific embodiment, the diameter of the borehole downstream of the passage is smaller than the diameter of the borehole in the passage zone, but greater than the diameter of the borehole immediately adjacent the passageway. 10 At least one groove can be installed in the borehole. The at least one recess may have a connected (second) fluid supply member configured to allow the pilot fluid to enter a borehole at or below the recess. The groove may be in the form of an annular passage or a partial annular passage or passage. The fluid introduced by the second fluid supply member may be the same as or different from the fluid introduced by the first fluid supply member, and may not be the same. φ According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a system for controlling the flow of a molten metal, the system comprising a nozzle as mentioned above in any one of the first embodiments of the invention and a clogging rod, The occlusion rod is configured to be received in the throat region of the nozzle to control the flow of molten metal through the nozzle. The occlusion rod can comprise a substantially long cylindrical body having a rounded or frustoconical nose configured to close the nozzle inlet when in contact with the throat support surface. The occlusion rod can include a longitudinal passage through its centerline for supplying fluid out of its nose. The fluid can be a gas such as argon. 201028232 When in use, the fluid supplied to the stem stem helps prevent inclusions (such as alumina) from accumulating on the nose of the stemming stem and in the nozzle. The Applicant has found that the improvement of the flow characteristics of the nozzle of the present invention can be achieved by reducing the amount of fluid fed through the occluding rod itself (sometimes even 5 to zero) rather than using a lower than normal feed through the occluding rod. flow. Therefore, the present invention can reduce the total fluid consumption of the system. According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling a flow of molten metal through a nozzle facing a first face, the method comprising the steps of: flowing a molten metal into the nozzle; at the passage, making a molten metal Flowing away from the inner surface of the nozzle to create a dead zone; directing a fluid into the dead zone and allowing the flow of molten metal to pull the fluid down to the nozzle to create a flow of molten metal and the injection The barrier between the mouth. [Embodiment] The present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings. As described above, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results of Figs. 1 and 1A are shown in the order of the first few seconds after the introduction of the gas when the molten metal flows through the nozzle 12 having the frustoconical throat region 10. Phase distribution. It is obvious that the gas 14 introduced into the nozzle 12 does not form a continuous protective layer between the inner surface of the nozzle 12 and the molten metal 18. Rather, Figure 1 shows that the gas 14 is easily dissipated into discrete air cells, which is caused by turbulence in the molten metal 18 from the truncated conical throat region 10 toward the centerline of the nozzle tip 12. Figures 2A and 2B are schematic representations of a conventional casting assembly 12 201028232 'where the occluding rod 100 is placed in the dividing channel 102 to position its nose 104 to the immersion nozzle (SEN) In the entrance 106 of 1〇8. The clogging rod 100 is suspended by the control mechanism u 以便 so that it is placed vertically to control the flow of molten metal from the dividing groove 1 〇 2 through the nozzle 1 〇 8 and into the mold 5 (not shown) below 5 . In the illustrated assembly, the nozzle 108 is typically in the form of an elongate tubular body having a substantially hollow cylindrical sidewall 116, while the inner surface u7 of the tubular body defines a bore 118 therethrough. The side wall 116 is outwardly shown to the top (first end) of the nozzle tip 8 to form a throat region 200 having a convex curvature. It should be understood that the 'inlet 10 1〇6' constitutes a horizontal plane that traverses the free end of the throat. In addition, the lobe portion of the throat region constitutes a support surface 220 which, when in use, is used to hold the stemming rod in place. At the lower end (second end) of the nozzle tip 8 8 there are two diametrically opposed discharge ports 210 (each having a substantially circular cross section through the side wall 116). The bottom 240 of the nozzle 1 〇 8 is closed. 15 As shown in Figure 2B, the throat region 200 will house the conventional occlusion rod 100. The tamper bar 100 includes a generally long squat body ® 260 having a rounded nose 104 at the lower end. The circular nose 104 is configured to be received at the inlet 1 , 6 whereby the nose 1 最终 4 eventually contacts the throat region of the %-shaped support surface 220 when the occlusion rod 1 is lowered relative to the nozzle 108 200, this creates a seal to prevent the flow of metal 20 from flowing into the bore 118 from the inlet 1〇6. Increasing the occlusion rod 100 (as shown in Figure 2B) relative to the nozzle 1 〇 8 creates a gap therebetween for metal to flow into the nozzle 108. Therefore, it is possible to control the flow rate through the nozzle 108 by changing the vertical displacement of the clogging lever 1 〇〇 relative to the nozzle 108. The occluding rod 1 图示 illustrated in Figures 2A and 2B also includes a relatively large circular bore 300 through the main 25 body 260 and a tip 340 extending from the bore 300 through the nose 1 〇 4 13 201028232 to the stem 100 of the occlusion rod 100 A relatively small cylindrical bore 320. The bores 300, 320 are configured to allow a supply of fluid (typically argon) through the plug rod 100. In use, this gas supply helps prevent inclusions from accumulating on the surface of the nose 104 and the nozzle 108 itself, which would otherwise affect the metal flowing into and through the nozzle 108. A well-known problem is that during use (steel casting process), inclusions (e.g., alumina) accumulate on the inner surface of the nozzle, as described above in the description of Figs. 2A and 2B. This accumulation interferes with the flow of molten metal through the nozzle and into the mold below, which in turn degrades the quality of the cast steel. A conventional attempt to minimize the accumulation of inclusions in the nozzle includes the installation of a porous ring (not shown) in the side wall 116 and the passage of argon gas. The effectiveness of this method depends on the distribution of gas present in the borehole 118. However, the pores in such rings are often blocked so that the distribution of gases is not uniform and not effective. In addition, it is desirable to introduce the gas into the borehole 118 in a relatively high pressure manner so that the flow of steel can be forced to the side to give it space. This results in high throughput of expensive resource gases. Figure 3 is a specific embodiment A of the present invention for solving the above problems. As shown, the overall arrangement of the nozzle and the damper bar shown in Fig. 3 is the same as that mentioned above in the description of Fig. 2B, and therefore similar elements are denoted by the same component symbols. The main difference between the prior art nozzle 108 of Figure 2B and the nozzle 350 of Figure 3 of the specific embodiment A is that the annular passage 360 is located at the interface of the throat region 200 and the bore 118. The passage 360 of this embodiment is formed by a relatively short radial undercut 380 and a relatively long wall portion 25 portions 400 that slope downwardly and inwardly. If the curvature of the throat region 200 continues to replace the passage 360 and 14 201028232 at the end of the same point of the wall portion 400, a diameter equal to the diameter of the borehole 118 downstream of the passage 360 will be formed. Although not shown in Fig. 3, a passage through the nozzle 350 is provided to supply a fluid (i.e., a gas such as argon) to the passage 360 at the time of use. Figures 12, 12A and 512B illustrate a particular arrangement for supplying fluid to the channel 360, as will be described in more detail below. ❹ Figure 4 illustrates a specific embodiment b of the present invention, the overall arrangement of which is the same as that mentioned above in the description of Fig. 3, and therefore the components of = are denoted by the same reference numerals. The main difference between the nozzle 35 of Figure 3 and the nozzle 410 of the specific embodiment B is the annular passage, size. In particular, the channel 42A of this embodiment is formed by a phase incut 440 (about three times as long as the specific embodiment A). From the end of the knife to the point where the curvature of the throat region 200 and the drill 118 are joined, if not provided with the passage 420, also provides a downwardly inwardly inclined wall portion 46 〇 /, hole Figure 5 illustrates a particular embodiment of the invention c, the overall arrangement of the nozzles is the same as that mentioned above in the description of Fig. 4, and the components of the plug are denoted by the same reference numerals. The nozzle tip 41 of Fig. 4 is similar to the shape of the ring nozzle 480 of the specific embodiment C. In particular, the channel of the embodiment has a channel 5〇〇-shaped channel 2〇. Therefore, the passage 5 is formed by a radial undercut 52 (about half the length of the shape B), a wall portion 540 extending vertically downward, and a wall portion 560 extending. a. Inwardly Fig. 6 illustrates a specific embodiment of the present invention, the overall arrangement of which is the same as that mentioned above in the description of Fig. 4, since the components of the sigma 25 are the same. Symbolic representation. The main difference between the nozzle tip 41 of Fig. 4 and the nozzle 660 of the sixth embodiment of the present invention is the position of the annular passage 680. In particular, the passage 680 of this embodiment is disposed approximately midway between the support surface 220 and the lower end of the throat region 200. The shape of the channel 680 is generally the same as that of the channel 420 of Figure 4, however, since the channel 680 is now 5 disposed on the curved portion of the nozzle 660, the undercut 700 extends outwardly and slightly downwardly, and the wall portion 720 The extent of inward extension is greater than downward. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing one side of the nozzle, which is a view showing a special arrangement of the passage 360 of the specific embodiment A (Fig. 3). As illustrated, a straight edge groove 740 is initially created in the inner surface 117 of the nozzle tip at a location where the channel 360 ίο is desired. The groove 740 is configured to have the same width as the desired channel 360, but the depth is significantly deeper (i.e., radial extent). The ceramic porous annular insert 760 is disposed at the bottom of the groove 740 and is pressed together into the nozzle. The multi-hole annular insert 760 is shaped to fit snugly against the bottom of the groove 740 and its inwardly exposed surface constitutes the wall portion of the desired passage. In this particular embodiment, the perforated annular insert 760 constitutes an inwardly downwardly sloping wall portion 400 in the passage 360, and the exposed portion of the upper side of the groove 740 constitutes an undercut 380. The perforated annular insert 760 is configured to diffuse gas supplied thereto by a gas supply passage (not shown in Figure 7) entering the passage 360. 20 Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of one side of the nozzle, illustrating a particular arrangement of the channel 420 of Embodiment B (Fig. 4). It uses the same channel and porous annular insert as the general arrangement of Figure 7, and like elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. The main difference between the arrangement of Figure 7 and Figure 8 is the angle of the exposed face of the perforated annular insert 780. In particular, the porous annular insert 780 has a less sloped exposed surface relative to the horizontal plane, and the system 16 201028232 constitutes a downwardly inwardly inclined wall portion 460 of the passage 420 of the specific embodiment B. As described above, the exposed portion of the upper side of the trench 740 constitutes an undercut 440. However, in this particular embodiment, the undercut 440 is significantly larger than the undercut of the specific embodiment A. 5 Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of one side of the nozzle, illustrating a particular arrangement of the channel 500 that can be implemented in a specific embodiment C (figure 5). It uses the same channel and porous annular insert as the overall arrangement of Figure 8, so similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. The arrangement of Fig. 8 differs from the main © of Fig. 9 in that the passage made of the exposed face of the perforated annular insert 800 is shaped like a 〇. In particular, the perforated annular insert 800 has a vertically exposed face that is moved into the recess 740 to form the vertical wall portion 540 of the passage 500 of the embodiment C. As previously mentioned, the exposed portion of the upper side of the recess 740 constitutes an undercut 520. Additionally, the exposed portion of the underside of the recess 740 constitutes a radially inwardly extending wall portion 560. Thus, in this particular embodiment, the channel is substantially 15 in shape and opposite the triangle of the specific embodiment A, B. In use, the above specific embodiment allows the molten metal to flow along the throat φ region of the nozzle until it emerges from the curved surface of the throat due to the presence of the passage. This creates a 'dead zone' in the area of the channel where there is no substantial metal flow. If gas (argon) is not directed through the passage to the passage, downstream of the 4 dead zone 4, the metal stream 20 will naturally tend to expand to fill the borehole and reattach to the inner surface of the nozzle. Argon fed into the borehole in the region of the 'dead zone' will be carried down through its molten metal to the inner surface of the borehole. Therefore, argon forms a bushing or curtain between the borehole and the metal flow, which helps prevent the metal from reattaching to the nozzle surface, thereby reducing the accumulation of inclusions (e.g., alumina) on the nozzle surface 25. In some embodiments, the length of the curtain can be vibrated to provide a cleaning effect that minimizes the accumulation of inclusions. Since argon is introduced into the 'dead zone', it can be lower than if the rate and pressure of the incoming metal stream are directly introduced. Therefore, the required amount of argon can be substantially saved. It should be understood that the same effect can be obtained if argon is supplied to the borehole at a position near or below the passage before the metal flow is reattached to the inner surface of the nozzle. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results of FIGS. 10A, 10B, and 〇i c are respectively illustrating that the glare metal flows through the nozzle 410 of the specific embodiment B of the present invention (shown in FIG. 4 and Figure 8) The sequence phase distribution, velocity and pressure at the beginning of the first 20 seconds after the introduction of argon. 15 20

此一特定研究係使用簡單的開端注嘴（亦即具有直相 等於鑽孔的軸向出口）。因此，允許㈣金屬在注嘴内在售 力的作用下自由落下，流經注嘴的控制只由堵塞桿的封探 程度來達成。因此，該模擬結果同樣應餘排出口的其制 布置（其係根據麵模中的流動所欲特性來選擇）。This particular study uses a simple open nozzle (i.e., has an axial exit equal to the borehole). Therefore, the (four) metal is allowed to fall freely under the action of the sales force in the nozzle, and the control of flowing through the nozzle is achieved only by the degree of sealing of the stem. Therefore, the simulation results should also be based on the layout of the remaining outlets (which are selected according to the desired characteristics of the flow in the face mode).

由第圖可見’氬氣係藉由溶態金屬84G的流動髮 由通道420而被向下帶到注嘴41〇 Γ當簾幕820接近注嘴⑽的末端時，炫態:屬84〇, ，力會增加而錢幕分散。這是合乎需 於防止大股的氣體（這在鑄模中會產生滿流）流出注嘴。 由第10Α圖、第1〇Β圖及第1〇 在若干具體實施例中有可能不穩定，“事見上簾幕82 的簾幕820(亦即對於注嘴41〇呈上下振 上，不穩3 較乾淨的注嘴表面’因為振動會在注嘴41〇)::際導致t 18 面上產ί 201028232 洗滌效果。 為了減少鑄模中的湍流，在金屬840流出注嘴410之 前，最好耗散掉一些金屬840流動的能量。藉由確保金屬 840流動不會以尖峰速度流出注嘴410而可達成此目的。 5如第10B圖所示，往鑽孔中心線且不在注嘴410末端附近 大體可發現最高速度的區域。 比較第10B圖（速度)與第1〇c圖（壓力）可見，在此具 體實施例中，通常在最高速度區的下游出現流動的最高壓 10 15 φ 20 力區’不過應注意’最高壓力區大體仍不在注嘴410的末 端附近。 第11Α圖、第11Β圖及第11C圖的計算流體力學(CFD) 模擬結果係分別圖示熔態金屬在流動通過本發明具體實施 嘴66〇(圖示於第6圖）時於引進氬氣後最初2〇秒 員序相位分布、速度及壓力。 10C =結果大體與上文在說明第10A圖、第咖圖及第 ，時提及的相似，不過由於此實例的通道_ 置部200的更高處，簾幕82〇在較高的相2 。且谷易在較高的相對位置破裂。 十位 件到上述模擬結果係基於以4公升/分鐘的 過〉主嘴以及沒有氣體供給通過堵塞桿。這表_二給氣 前3著減少而優於-般需要8公升/分鐘通過堵; 第 1 〇 的縱向横截面 圖時提及的相 圖 12圖為本發明注嘴具體實施例A，， 其形式大體與上文在說明第3圖及第7 201028232 同，因此類似的元件用相同的元件符號表示。圖示於第3 圖的注嘴350與圖示於第12圖、第12a圖及第12B圖之 注嘴的主要差異在於至環形通道36〇的流體供給構件 900。流體供給構件9〇〇包含在注嘴35〇外表面的入口 5 902(其係組態成可引進流體至注嘴35〇)、由入口 9〇2向上 延伸通過側壁116至配置在陶瓷多孔環形嵌件76〇 (如在 說明第7圖時所述’其係形成環形通道360的外壁）外緣 周圍的環形通路906的垂直通路9〇4。因此，使用時，供 給流體（常為氬氣）進入鑽孔118係藉由讓流體流動通過入 10 口 902沿著垂直通路9〇4在環形通路9〇6轉彎以及通過多 孔環形欲件760而進入環形通道。It can be seen from the figure that the argon gas is carried downward by the channel 420 to the nozzle 41 by the flow of the dissolved metal 84G. When the curtain 820 approaches the end of the nozzle (10), the glare state is 84 〇. The power will increase and the money will be scattered. This is desirable to prevent large volumes of gas (which creates a full flow in the mold) out of the nozzle. From the 10th, 1st, and 1st, it may be unstable in several embodiments, "the curtain 820 of the curtain 82 is seen (that is, the nozzle 41 is up and down, not Steady 3 Cleaner nozzle surface 'because vibration will be in nozzle tip 41〇):: Causes t 18 surface to produce ί 201028232 Washing effect. In order to reduce the turbulence in the mold, before the metal 840 flows out of the nozzle 410, it is best Dissipating some of the energy of the metal 840. This can be achieved by ensuring that the metal 840 does not flow out of the nozzle 410 at a peak speed. 5 As shown in Figure 10B, to the centerline of the borehole and not at the end of the nozzle 410 The area with the highest velocity can be found in the vicinity. Comparing Figure 10B (speed) with the first Figure c (pressure), in this particular embodiment, the highest pressure of flow 10 10 φ 20 is usually found downstream of the highest velocity zone. The force zone 'should note that the 'highest pressure zone is still not near the end of the nozzle 410. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results in Figures 11 and 11 and 11C respectively show that the molten metal is flowing through The invention specifically implements a mouth 66〇 (illustrated in Figure 6) The phase distribution, velocity and pressure of the first 2 sec. after the introduction of argon. 10C = The result is roughly similar to that mentioned above in the description of Figure 10A, the coffee chart and the first, but At the higher end of the channel-part 200 of this example, the curtain 82 is at the higher phase 2. The valley is broken at a higher relative position. The tens of pieces to the above simulation results are based on 4 liters per minute. After the main mouth and no gas supply through the clogging rod. This table _ two gas supply before the reduction of 3 is better than - generally requires 8 liters / minute through the block; the first phase of the longitudinal cross-sectional view of the phase diagram 12 The figure is a specific embodiment A of the present invention, and its form is substantially the same as that of the above description of Fig. 3 and 7 201028232, and therefore similar elements are denoted by the same reference numerals. The nozzle 350 shown in Fig. 3 is shown. The main difference from the nozzle shown in Figures 12, 12a and 12B is the fluid supply member 900 to the annular passage 36. The fluid supply member 9 is contained in the inlet 5 of the outer surface of the nozzle 35. 902 (which is configured to introduce fluid to the nozzle 35〇), up from the inlet 9〇2 Extending through the side wall 116 to a vertical passage 9〇4 disposed in the annular passage 906 around the outer edge of the ceramic porous annular insert 76 (as described in the description of Fig. 7 'which forms the outer wall of the annular passage 360'). In use, the supply fluid (usually argon) enters the bore 118 by entering the loop through the inlet passage 10 902 along the vertical passage 9〇4 in the annular passage 9〇6 and through the porous annular member 760. aisle.

等特定具體實施例的主要優點是培態金 正常多些以重新附著於注嘴的内表^ '。 的時間來達成，以及形成的氬簾幕更有 金屬流的膨脹必須比 Ο 4 全 XCL % * ，可增加該鑽孔在底切 鄰底切上游的寬度。該 2〇 嘴更下面。 這要花比以前還長 可能保持完整到注 本發明的各種具體實施例有許多優點。The main advantage of a particular embodiment is that the morphological gold is normally more reattached to the inner surface of the nozzle. The time to reach, and the formation of the argon curtain, the expansion of the metal flow must be greater than Ο 4 full XCL % * , which increases the width of the borehole upstream of the undercut. The 2 嘴 mouth is further below. This may take longer than before. It may remain intact. The various embodiments of the present invention have many advantages.

特別是它們允 壽命、改善鋼 應瞭解’熟諳此技術者對上述具體實In particular, they allow life and improve steel.

特別是可將 施例可做成各種 上述具體實施例 201028232 中之兩個或更多個特徵組合於單一具體實施例。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為計算流體力學(CFD)模擬結果，其係圖示熔態 5金屬在流動通過具有截頭圓錐形喉部之注嘴時，於引進氣 體後最初幾秒的順序相位分布； …第1A圖為第！圖第—張視圖的放大圖其係圖示在 最初引導氣體進入注嘴時的注嘴之喉區； 霤 帛2A圖為使用中之習知鱗造總成的橫截面，其中係 K)將堵塞桿置於分鋼槽中，藉此將它的鼻頭安置於浸入式注 嘴的喉部； 第2B圖為帛2A圖總成的部份放大圖，其係圖示注嘴 的入口及上半部與堵塞桿的鄰近鼻頭及下半部； 第3圖的橫截面輪靡圖係圖示本發明具體實施例a之 15注嘴的入口及上半部與第圖習知堵塞桿的鄰近鼻頭及 ©下半部； 第4圖的橫截面輪靡圖係圖示本發明具體實施例b之 注^入口及上半部與第2A圖習知堵塞桿的鄰近鼻頭及 第5圖的橫截面輪顧係圖示本發明具體實施例〔之 注鳴的入口及上半部鱼第2 A ISI羽a a〜 下半部； 千°丨，、第2A圖白知堵塞桿的鄰近鼻頭及 之In particular, the embodiment can be combined into a single embodiment of two or more of the various embodiments described above. [Simplified Schematic] Fig. 1 is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation result showing the first few seconds after the introduction of gas, when the molten metal is flowing through the nozzle with a frustoconical throat. Sequential phase distribution; ... Figure 1A is the first! The enlarged view of the first view of the figure is shown in the throat area of the nozzle when the gas is initially guided into the nozzle; the figure 2A is the cross section of the conventional scale assembly in use, where the line K) The clogging rod is placed in the dividing groove, thereby placing its nose in the throat of the immersion nozzle; Figure 2B is a partial enlarged view of the 帛2A assembly, which shows the inlet and the top of the nozzle The half portion is adjacent to the nose and the lower half of the occlusion rod; the cross-sectional rim diagram of Fig. 3 illustrates the inlet and the upper half of the nozzle of the embodiment 15 of the present invention adjacent to the conventional occlusion rod of the figure The nose and the lower half; the cross-sectional rim diagram of Fig. 4 shows the inlet and the upper half of the embodiment b of the present invention and the adjacent nose of the conventional jamming rod of Fig. 2A and the horizontal of the fifth figure. The cross-sectional wheel diagram shows a specific embodiment of the present invention [the entrance of the sounding and the upper half of the fish 2A ISI feather aa~ lower half; 1000 °,, 2A map, the adjacent nose of the blockage rod and

第6圖的橫截面輪廓圖係圖示本發明具體實施例D 21 20 201028232 注嘴的入口及上半部與第2A圖習知堵塞桿的鄰近鼻頭及 下半部； 第7圖的橫截面輪廓圖係圖示本發明具體實施例A·之 注嘴的入口及上半部之一側面； 5 第8圖的橫截面輪廓圖係圖示本發明具體實施例B’之 注嘴的入口及上半部之一側面； 第9圖的橫截面輪廓圖係圖示本發明具體實施例C'之 注嘴的入口及上半部之一側面； 第10A圖、第10B圖及第10C圖的計算流體力學（CFD) 1 〇模擬結果係分別圖示熔態金屬在流動通過本發明具體實施 例B之注嘴時，於引進氣體後最初20秒的順序相位分布、 速度及壓力； 第11A圖、第11B圖及第11C圖的計算流體力學（CFD) 模擬結果係分別圖示熔態金屬在流動通過本發明具體實施 15例D之注嘴時，於引進氣體後最初20秒的順序相位分布、 速度及壓力； 第12圖為本發明具體實施例A"之注嘴的縱向橫截面 圖’類似的喉區也圖不於第3圖及弟7圖， 第12A圖為第12圖喉區的部份放大圖，其係圖示至 20 環形通道的流體供給構件；以及 第12B圖為第12圖鑽孔的部份放大圖，其係圖示供流 體進入流體供給構件的入口。 22 201028232 【主要元件符號說明】Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of the present invention. D 21 20 201028232 The inlet and upper half of the nozzle are adjacent to the nose and the lower half of the conventional plugging rod of Figure 2A; The outline drawing shows one side of the inlet and the upper half of the nozzle of the embodiment A of the present invention; 5 is a cross-sectional outline view of the eighth embodiment of the nozzle of the embodiment B of the present invention and One side of the upper half; the cross-sectional profile of FIG. 9 is a side view of the inlet and the upper half of the nozzle of the embodiment C of the present invention; FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 1 〇 simulation results show the sequential phase distribution, velocity and pressure of the first 20 seconds after the introduction of gas, when the molten metal flows through the nozzle of the embodiment B of the present invention; The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results of Fig. 11B and Fig. 11C respectively show the sequential phase distribution of the first 20 seconds after the introduction of the gas when the molten metal flows through the nozzle of the 15th embodiment of the present invention. , speed and pressure; Figure 12 is a concrete implementation of the present invention A longitudinal cross-sectional view of the nozzle of A" similar throat area is also not shown in Figure 3 and Figure 7, Figure 12A is a partial enlarged view of the throat area of Figure 12, which is shown to 20 annular channels The fluid supply member; and Fig. 12B is a partially enlarged view of the bore of Fig. 12, showing the inlet for fluid to enter the fluid supply member. 22 201028232 [Main component symbol description]

10 喉區 12 注嘴 14 氣體/氬氣 16 通道 18 (炼態）金屬 20 堵塞桿 100 堵塞桿 102 分鋼槽 104 鼻頭 106 入口 108 注嘴 110 控制機構 116 側壁 117 内表面 118 鑽孔 200 喉區/喉部 210 排出口 220 支持面 240 底部 260 主體 300 鑽孔 320 鑽孔 340 尖端 350 注嘴 360 通道 23 201028232 380 底切 400 牆壁部份 410 注嘴 420 通道 440 底切 460 牆壁部份 480 注嘴 500 通道 520 底切 540 牆壁部份 560 牆壁部份 660 注嘴 680 通道 700 底切 720 牆壁部份 740 溝槽/凹槽 760 多孔環形嵌件 780 多孔環形嵌件 800 多孔環形嵌件 820 保護幕/簾幕 840 (熔態）金屬 900 流體供給構件 902 入口 904 垂直通路 906 環形通路 2410 Throat area 12 Nozzle 14 Gas/argon 16 Channel 18 (refined) Metal 20 Clogged rod 100 Clogged rod 102 Split channel 104 Nose 106 Inlet 108 Nozzle 110 Control mechanism 116 Side wall 117 Inner surface 118 Drill hole 200 Throat area / throat 210 outlet 220 support surface 240 bottom 260 body 300 drilling 320 drilling 340 tip 350 nozzle 360 channel 23 201028232 380 undercut 400 wall section 410 nozzle 420 channel 440 undercut 460 wall section 480 nozzle 500 channel 520 undercut 540 wall section 560 wall section 660 nozzle 680 channel 700 undercut 720 wall section 740 groove / groove 760 porous ring insert 780 porous ring insert 800 porous ring insert 820 protective screen / Curtain 840 (fused) metal 900 fluid supply member 902 inlet 904 vertical passage 906 annular passage 24

Claims (1)

201028232 七、申請專利範圍： 1. 一種用於引導熔態金屬的注嘴(410)，包含： 位在一上游第一末端處的一入口（106); 朝向一下游第二末端處的至少一出口（210); 5 在該入口（106)與該至少一出口（210)之間的一内表面 (1Π)定義通過該注嘴(410)的一鑽孔（118)，該鑽 孔（118)具有鄰近該入口（106)的一喉區（200); 一環形通道（420)，其係設在該注嘴（410)的内表面 (117) ;以及 ®l〇 一流體供給構件（900)，其係經配置成可經由該環形 通道（420)或其下游來引導流體進入該鑽孔 (118) ; 其中該喉區（200)具有一中凸曲面，以及該環形通道 (420)位於該喉區（200)的中凸曲面之内或附近。 15 2. 如申請專利範圍第1項的注嘴(410)，其中該通道(420) 位於該喉區（200)的中凸曲面之内。 φ 3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項的注嘴(410)，其中該喉區 20 (2 00)具有一支持面（220)，在使用時，該支持面（220) 與一堵塞桿（100)接觸以阻止該熔態金屬流動通過該 注嘴（410)，以及其中該通道（420)係置於該支持面 (220)的下游。 25 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中之任一項的注嘴 (410)，其中該通道(420)的寬度落在該注嘴（410)的第 201028232 一及第二末端間之距離的大約0.5%至95%的範圍内。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項至第3項中之任一項的注嘴 (410)，其中該通道(420)的寬度不大於該注嘴(410)的 5 第一及第一末端間之距離的5%。 6. 如以上所有申請專利範圍中之任一項的注嘴(410)，其 中該通道（420)的深度落在該注嘴（410)緊鄰該通道 (42〇)之上游處的厚度之大約0.1%至50%的範圍内。 10 7. 如以上所有申請專利範圍中之任一項的注嘴(410)，其 中緊鄰該通道（420)之上游的曲面於相對該鑽孔（us) 之縱軸量測時具有介於0度至50度之角度的切平面。 15 8· 如申請專利範圍弟1項至第6項中之任一項的注嘴 (410) ’其中緊鄰該通道(420)之上游的曲面於相對該 鑽孔（118)之縱軸量測時具有介於〇度至5度之角度的 切平面。 2〇 9. 如以上所有申請專利範圍中之任一項的注嘴(410)，其 中該流體供給構件（900)包含一多孔塊體，該多孔塊 體係構成該通道(420)的至少一牆壁部份(46〇)或該内 表面（117)在該通道(420)之附近或下游的部份，以及 被組態成可擴散經過它的流體。 10.如以上所有申請專利範圍中之任一項的注嘴(410)，其 25 201028232 中該注嘴（410)之該鑽孔（118)在該通道（420)之下游的 直徑等於或大於該鑽孔（118)緊鄰該通道(420)之上游 的直徑。 5 11. 如以上所有申請專利範圍中之任一項的注嘴(410)，其 中該通道(420)係由許多彼此隔開的部份環形通道組 成，其中介於該等部份環形通道的間隔總合小於該等 部份環形通道的長度總合之50%。 ®ι〇 12. 如以上所有申請專利範圍中之任一項的注嘴（410)，其 中該喉區（200)具有介於該注嘴（410)的第一及第二末 端間之距離的3至10%的轴向範圍。 13. 一種用於控制熔態金屬之流動的系統，該系統包含如 15 以上所有申請專利範圍中之任一項所述的一注嘴 (410)與組態成被容納於該注嘴（410)之喉區（200)以控 制該熔態金屬通過該注嘴（410)之流動的一堵塞桿 參 （100)。 2〇 14. 一種用於控制熔態金屬流過如申請專利範圍第1項至 第12項中之任一項的注嘴（410)之方法，該方法包含 以下步驟： 使金屬流入該注嘴（410); 使金屬的流動在該通道（420)處脫離該注嘴（410) 25 的内表面（117)以產生一死區； 引進一流體進入該死區以及允許該金屬的流動把 201028232 該流體向下帶到該注嘴（410)，以產生一介於該金屬 的流動與該注嘴(410)之間的屏障。 15.如申請專利範圍第14項所述之方法，其中該流體為 5 氬氣。 28201028232 VII. Patent Application Range: 1. A nozzle (410) for guiding a molten metal, comprising: an inlet (106) at an upstream first end; at least one facing a downstream second end An outlet (210); 5 an inner surface (1Π) between the inlet (106) and the at least one outlet (210) defines a bore (118) through the nozzle (410), the bore (118) a throat region (200) adjacent to the inlet (106); an annular passage (420) attached to the inner surface (117) of the nozzle (410); and a fluid supply member (900) a system configured to direct fluid into the borehole (118) via the annular passage (420) or downstream thereof; wherein the throat region (200) has a convex curved surface, and the annular passage (420) is located Within or near the convex curved surface of the throat region (200). 15 2. The nozzle (410) of claim 1 wherein the channel (420) is located within a convex curved surface of the throat region (200). Φ 3. The nozzle (410) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the throat region 20 (200) has a support surface (220), and in use, the support surface (220) and a stemming rod (100) contacting to prevent the molten metal from flowing through the nozzle (410), and wherein the channel (420) is placed downstream of the support surface (220). 4. The nozzle (410) of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the width of the channel (420) falls on the first and second ends of the nozzle (410) at 201028232 The distance between them is in the range of about 0.5% to 95%. 5. The nozzle (410) of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the width of the channel (420) is not greater than between the first and first ends of the nozzle (410) 5% of the distance. 6. The nozzle (410) of any of the above claims, wherein the depth of the channel (420) falls about the thickness of the nozzle (410) immediately upstream of the channel (42〇) Within the range of 0.1% to 50%. 10. The nozzle (410) of any of the above claims, wherein the curved surface immediately upstream of the channel (420) has a value of 0 when measured relative to the longitudinal axis of the bore (us) A tangent plane to an angle of 50 degrees. 15 8. The nozzle (410) of any one of claims 1 to 6 of the patent application range wherein the curved surface immediately upstream of the channel (420) is measured relative to the longitudinal axis of the bore (118) It has a tangent plane from an angle of 5 to an angle of 5 degrees. A nozzle (410) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fluid supply member (900) comprises a porous block, the porous block system constituting at least one of the channels (420) A wall portion (46 inches) or a portion of the inner surface (117) adjacent or downstream of the passage (420) and a fluid configured to diffuse therethrough. 10. A nozzle (410) according to any of the above claims, wherein the diameter (30) of the nozzle (410) of the nozzle (410) is equal to or greater than the diameter of the channel (420) in 25 201028232 The bore (118) is immediately adjacent the diameter of the passage (420). 5. The nozzle (410) of any of the preceding claims, wherein the channel (420) is comprised of a plurality of spaced apart annular channels, wherein the portions of the annular channel are The sum of the gaps is less than 50% of the total length of the partial annular passages. A nozzle (410) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the throat region (200) has a distance between the first and second ends of the nozzle (410) 3 to 10% axial range. 13. A system for controlling the flow of a molten metal, the system comprising a nozzle (410) according to any of the above 15 patent applications and configured to be received in the nozzle (410) The throat region (200) controls a plug stem (100) through which the molten metal flows through the nozzle (410). 2. A method for controlling a molten metal flowing through a nozzle (410) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the method comprising the steps of: flowing metal into the nozzle (410); causing the flow of metal to exit the inner surface (117) of the nozzle (410) 25 at the passage (420) to create a dead zone; introducing a fluid into the dead zone and allowing the flow of the metal to apply the fluid to 201028232 Down to the nozzle (410) to create a barrier between the flow of the metal and the nozzle (410). 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the fluid is 5 argon. 28