201020391 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種直驅式風力/潮沙同步發電機，尤其是 指一種具有低起動轉矩、最大功率追蹤及可控激磁電流之發電 機；其係以繞線式轉子之感應發電機取代目前應用於風力及水 力之永磁式同步發電機’並藉由另一永磁式交流發電機提供同 步發電機轉子直流激磁電流，連接兩發電機間之可控交流轉直 流整流器’利用無線遙控方式控制輸出激磁電流大小，以根據 當時風力（或潮汐）之大小，提供不同之激磁電流，並依據輸出 電壓、電流、頻率無線回授給可控交流轉直流整流器，做最大 功率追蹤’且在低轉速時也可提供電力供應。 【先前技術】 目前風力發電系統（1)之架構如第一圖所示，係包括：風 • 力涡輪機（n)、永磁式同步發電機（12)、三相全橋式整流器（13) 及直流轉交流換流器（14)。風力渦輪機（11；)與永磁式同步發電 機（12)採直接機械耦合方式驅動，永磁式同步發電機（12)是以 永久磁鐵作為轉子磁極，定子裝置則為三相繞組。電樞繞組裝 设於定子上，而磁場繞組則裝設於轉子上，轉子是以原動機帶 動旋轉產生旋轉磁場，原動機可利用水力、火力或風力等方式 供應機械能，此旋轉磁場在發電機定子繞組，感應產生一組三 相電壓輸出’再將永磁式同步發電機(⑵輸出的三相交流電壓 、每二相全橋式整流n α 3)整流成直流魏電壓之直流電 ，再將 201020391 電壓，提 該直流電經由直流轉錢換流ϋ(14)轉換成穩定交流 供給一般負載或並聯市電（15)。 r轉電主要疋姻水的位能轉換成機械能，再將機械 =轉換成電^水力發電可分為川流式、水壩(庫）式、以及抽 畜式發電。目前水力發電***(2)如坌—圖 第—騎不，係由水輪機201020391 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a direct-drive wind/tidal-sand synchronous generator, in particular to a generator with low starting torque, maximum power tracking and controllable excitation current It replaces the permanent magnet synchronous generator currently used for wind and water with an induction generator of a wound rotor and provides synchronous generator rotor DC excitation current by another permanent magnet alternator, connecting two The controllable AC-to-DC rectifier between the motors uses the wireless remote control method to control the output excitation current to provide different excitation currents according to the wind (or tide) at that time, and wirelessly feedbacks according to the output voltage, current and frequency. Control AC to DC rectifiers for maximum power tracking' and provide power at low speeds. [Prior Art] At present, the structure of the wind power generation system (1) is as shown in the first figure, including: wind turbine (n), permanent magnet synchronous generator (12), three-phase full-bridge rectifier (13) ) and DC to AC converter (14). The wind turbine (11;) and the permanent magnet synchronous generator (12) are driven by direct mechanical coupling. The permanent magnet synchronous generator (12) uses a permanent magnet as the rotor magnetic pole and the stator device as a three-phase winding. The armature winding is mounted on the stator, and the field winding is mounted on the rotor. The rotor is rotated by the prime mover to generate a rotating magnetic field. The prime mover can supply mechanical energy by using hydraulic, thermal or wind power. The rotating magnetic field is in the generator stator. Winding, inductively generates a set of three-phase voltage output' and then rectifies the permanent magnet synchronous generator ((3) three-phase AC voltage output, two-phase full-bridge rectifier n α 3) into DC voltage DC current, and then 201020391 The voltage is converted to a stable AC supply to a general load or a parallel mains (15) via a DC transfer converter (14). r power transmission is mainly converted into mechanical energy, and then mechanical = conversion to electricity ^ hydropower can be divided into Sichuan flow, dam (reservoir), and pumping power generation. At present, the hydropower system (2), such as the 坌-图第- riding, is by the turbine
▲)、發電機(22)、三相變壓器⑽等所組成。其原理則是利 用2度的落差自高處向下衝擊產生力量献流量的水流，經過 一定的水路，利用這種力量作用於水輪機⑵）的轉動部份，使 水輪機(21)㈣，而水輪機⑻的轉動軸與發電機⑽相連 接，發電機(22)會縣_而發㈣來。若將水位提高來沖水 輪機(21)，可發現水輪機⑵)轉速增加。因此可知水位差愈大 則水輪機(21)所得動崎大，可雜之電能愈高。 又’利用風轉換成電力的方法，-般為同步式發電機、 非同步式感應發電機和永磁式同步發賴。傳統上最常應用在 風力發電之發電機形式城應發電機，但近年來由於整流與變 頻技術日漸純熟且大量廣泛的應用到電機領域上，可將發電機 輸出電壓鮮經由整流ϋ及獄H後轉換為綠_，因此永 磁式同步發電機已逐漸應用到風力、水力發電系統中。此外， 風(水)力機之發電機則常使用永磁式同步發電機，因構造簡單 且效率尚，適用於偏遠地區、人跡罕至且無電力可用之處。 永磁式同步發電機具有下列各項優點：（1)穩定度較佳。 (2)不需外加直流激磁電源。（3)構造簡單，裝置成本低。（4) 201020391 易於操作與低維修成本。適用於直驅式風力輪機，不需外 加變速裝置。（6)無電刷式轉子，堅固耐用。 永磁式發電機主要是利用轉子所產生的磁場，吸引定子磁 場異極而產生電力’若要產生相同的頻率，增加發電機之極數 可相對降低發電機哺速，但增加轉子錄，必須加大發電機 直徑’更大的餘與赌使得轉子上之永久魏職更為龐大 ^ 且沉重，因此，在利用外力帶動之葉片旋轉啟動時，需要更大 動轉矩方可使原動機動作，依據目前的技術，當風速在 3〜5(m/s)左右時’風力機才會開始發電；當風速達到i2〜i5(m/s) 左右時’風力機即進入額定操作轉速；當風速達到25〜4〇(瓜/s) 左右時，風力機為避免損害即進入停機狀態。 因此，若能設計一種低啟動轉矩功能，並可降低轉子的體 積與重量，且能進行最大功率追蹤，將可大大提升發電效益， ❹ ㈤時提局發電效率，而得以有效改善目前風力及水力發電系統 存在之缺失。 【發明内容】 曰本發明其一目的’在於降低風(水)力發電機組的體積與重 置’達到具有低啟動轉矩功能之直驅式發電機為目標；永磁式 發電機主要是利用轉子所產生的磁場，吸引定子磁場異極而產 生電力’發電機的轉速較低時，所需發電機的極數較多，但增 加轉子極數’必杨大發雜，使子上之永久磁鐵體3 積更為龐大且沉重，因此’在利用外力帶動之渦輪機旋轉啟動 201020391 時，需要更大的啟動轉矩方可使原動機動作。 為達此目的’本發明將繞線式轉子用於同步發電機取代目 刖應用於風力及水力上之永磁式同步發電機，藉由轉子上之繞 線槽數設計轉子極數，大幅降低轉子的體積與重量，使得發電 機整體直控變小，且原動機不需太大外力即可啟動旋轉，以大 幅提升發電效益。 本發明其二目的，在於提供可以控制激磁電流之直驅式發 電機’利用在軸上之可控交流轉直流整流器在不同轉速下，提 供同步發電機轉子直流激磁電流，並使用無線遙控方式控制， 做最大功率追蹤，提高發電效率。 為達此目的，本發明之發電機包含一同步直驅式發電機、 -永磁式發電機及-可控交流轉直流整流器，此兩組發電機之 轉子為同一轉軸，經由渦輪機直接驅動，而可控交流轉直流整 流器置於此轉軸上，永磁式發電機之輸出電流經由可控交流轉 直流整流雜為直流後’提供同步直驅式發電機轉子磁場所需 電流，因此可於低轉速時提供較少賴而高轉速時提供較大電 流，以擴大可利用之風速（或流速)範圍。 【實施方式】 為令本發明所運用之技術内容、發明目的及其達成之功效 有更完整且清楚的縣，胁下詳細說明之，並請—併參閱所 揭之圖式及元件符號： 請參第三® ’其為本㈣之直驅式風力/潮㈣步發電機 201020391 (3) ’其包含永磁式發電機(31)、可控交流轉直流整流器（32) 及同步發電機(33);其中： 該永磁式發電機（31)與同步發電機（33)之轉子為同一轉 轴，而可控交流轉直流整流器（32)設置於該轉軸之上，該永磁 式發電機(31)為提供同步發電機(33)激磁電流，且該同步發電 機(33)係使用繞線式轉子(331)【請一併參閱第四圖】，該繞 線式轉子(331)具有低起動轉矩、極數多、體積及重量皆較小 之特色。 據此，利用風力（潮沙）直接帶動轉軸，使永磁式發電機⑶) 產生電力，該電力經該可控交流轉直流整流器（32)後便提供給 繞線式轉子（331)之同步發電機(33)作為激磁電流，該同步發 電機（33)所產生之電力再經過轉換器（4)轉換後供應至負載 ' (5)。 φ 另，上述之永磁式發電機(31)可使用低額定容量之型式， 其體積及重量皆較小；至於可控交流轉直流整流器（32)則可選 用針對實際應用選擇適合之型式。 又’該永磁式發電機(31)之轉子與同步發電機(33)之繞線 式轉子（331)的轉軸可經由渦輪機（34)直接驅動。 再者，於同步發電機(33)輸出端進一步設置一無線傳輸系 統(35)，其主要作用係因為同步發電機（33)之轉子磁場由永磁 式發電機（31)經可控交流轉直流整流器（32)提供，因此，在不 同風速（或流速)底下，將同步發電機(33)輸出電壓、電流及頻 201020391 率’經由鱗傳輸纽㈣艘給該可敏流贼流整流器 (32)，以控制該可控交流轉直流整流器⑽之輸出電流，藉此 調控激磁電流來達到最大功率追縱。 經由以上的說明可知，本發明至少具有如下所列之各項優 點： (1)具有低起動轉矩： ❹ #制驗風力（或齡）之發電機為永磁式發電 機，當額定容量往上提升時，會因永磁式轉子極數增加， 造成體積及重量增加，並令起動轉矩升高，而於風速(或 机速)較低時卻無法啟動’本發明因係使用繞線式轉子取 代水磁式轉子，在高極數下，具有低截面直徑、體積小及 重篁小與起動轉矩小之優‘點，因此，於風速（或流速)較低 時也可啟動轉子，提供負載電力。 (2) 具有最大功率追縱功能： 本發明之同步發電機的激磁電流是由永磁式發電機 經交流轉直流整流n後所提供，因此，可#_整可控交 流轉直流整流器之輪出電流來控制激磁電流，達到可在不 同風速(或流速)底下調整激磁電流，進而做到最大功率追 縱。 (3) 無線傳輸控制： 本發明可進-步彻無線傳輸回授同步發電機之輸 出電壓、電流、頻率給交流轉直流整流器，使該可控交流 201020391 轉直流整流器之輪出能拫據該 行調控。 扠之電壓、電流、頻率進 綜上所述，本伽魏例魏 _露之具_，残未_細===: 開於申清前，誠已完全符合專利法之規定與要求，爰依法提出 發明專利之申請，懇請惠予審查，並賜准專利，則實感德便。▲), generator (22), three-phase transformer (10) and so on. The principle is to use a 2 degree drop from the high point to the downward impact to generate a flow of force to distribute the flow, through a certain waterway, using this force to act on the rotating part of the turbine (2)), so that the turbine (21) (four), and the turbine The rotating shaft of (8) is connected to the generator (10), and the generator (22) is sent to the county. If the water level is increased to flush the turbine (21), the speed of the turbine (2) can be found to increase. Therefore, it can be seen that the larger the water level difference is, the larger the turbine (21) is, and the higher the power is. In addition, the method of converting wind into electric power is generally a synchronous generator, a non-synchronous induction generator, and a permanent magnet synchronous release. Traditionally, it is most commonly used in the form of generators for wind power generation. However, in recent years, due to the increasingly sophisticated and extensive application of rectification and frequency conversion technology to the field of electric motors, the output voltage of generators can be rectified and reciprocated. After the conversion to green _, permanent magnet synchronous generators have gradually been applied to wind power and hydropower systems. In addition, the generator of the wind (water) machine often uses a permanent magnet synchronous generator. Because of its simple structure and high efficiency, it is suitable for remote areas, where people are inaccessible and no electricity is available. The permanent magnet synchronous generator has the following advantages: (1) The stability is better. (2) No external DC excitation power supply is required. (3) The structure is simple and the device cost is low. (4) 201020391 Easy to operate and low maintenance costs. Suitable for direct drive wind turbines without the need for an external shifting device. (6) Brushless rotor, durable and durable. The permanent magnet generator mainly uses the magnetic field generated by the rotor to attract the stator magnetic field to generate electric power. 'If the same frequency is generated, increasing the number of poles of the generator can relatively reduce the generator speed, but increasing the rotor record must Increasing the diameter of the generator's larger gambling makes the permanent Wei position on the rotor larger and heavier. Therefore, when the blade is rotated by the external force, more dynamic torque is required to move the prime mover. In the current technology, when the wind speed is around 3~5 (m/s), the wind turbine will start to generate electricity; when the wind speed reaches i2~i5(m/s), the wind turbine will enter the rated operating speed; when the wind speed reaches When 25~4〇 ( melon/s) is left or right, the wind turbine enters the stop state to avoid damage. Therefore, if a low starting torque function can be designed, and the volume and weight of the rotor can be reduced, and the maximum power tracking can be performed, the power generation efficiency can be greatly improved, and the power generation efficiency can be improved by (5), thereby effectively improving the current wind power and The lack of hydropower systems. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the present invention is to reduce the volume and reset of a wind (water) power generating set to achieve a direct drive type generator having a low starting torque function; the permanent magnet type generator mainly utilizes The magnetic field generated by the rotor attracts the stator magnetic field and generates electric power. When the rotational speed of the generator is low, the number of poles of the required generator is large, but the number of rotor poles is increased. The volume 3 is much larger and heavier, so 'when the turbine is rotated by the external force to start the 201020391, a larger starting torque is required to move the prime mover. In order to achieve this goal, the present invention uses a wound rotor for a synchronous generator instead of a permanent magnet synchronous generator that is applied to wind and water, and designs the number of rotor poles by the number of winding slots on the rotor, thereby greatly reducing The volume and weight of the rotor make the overall direct control of the generator smaller, and the prime mover can start the rotation without much external force, so as to greatly improve the power generation efficiency. The second object of the present invention is to provide a direct drive generator capable of controlling the excitation current. The synchronous AC to DC rectifier of the synchronous generator is provided at different speeds by using a controllable AC-DC rectifier on the shaft, and is controlled by a wireless remote control method. , Do maximum power tracking to improve power generation efficiency. To this end, the generator of the present invention comprises a synchronous direct drive generator, a permanent magnet generator and a controllable AC to DC rectifier. The rotors of the two sets of generators are the same shaft and are directly driven by the turbine. The controllable AC-DC rectifier is placed on the rotating shaft, and the output current of the permanent-magnet generator is controlled by the AC-DC rectification to be DC, which provides the current required for the synchronous direct-drive generator rotor magnetic field, so it can be low. Provides less current at high speeds and higher currents at high speeds to increase the range of available wind speeds (or flow rates). [Embodiment] In order to make the technical content, the purpose of the invention and the effect achieved by the present invention more complete and clear, the details are described below, and please - and refer to the disclosed drawings and component symbols: Participate in the third ® 'its direct (4) direct-drive wind / tide (four) step generator 201020391 (3) 'It contains permanent magnet generator (31), controllable AC to DC rectifier (32) and synchronous generator ( 33); wherein: the permanent magnet generator (31) and the synchronous generator (33) rotor are the same rotating shaft, and the controllable AC to DC rectifier (32) is disposed on the rotating shaft, the permanent magnet The motor (31) is to provide a synchronous generator (33) excitation current, and the synchronous generator (33) uses a wound rotor (331) [please refer to the fourth figure together], the wound rotor (331) It features low starting torque, a large number of poles, and a small size and weight. According to this, the wind shaft (tidal sand) directly drives the rotating shaft to generate electric power of the permanent magnet generator (3), and the electric power is supplied to the winding rotor (331) through the controllable AC-DC rectifier (32). The generator (33) acts as an exciting current, and the power generated by the synchronous generator (33) is converted by the converter (4) and supplied to the load '(5). φ In addition, the above-mentioned permanent magnet generator (31) can use a low rated capacity type, and its volume and weight are small; as for the controllable AC to DC rectifier (32), it is possible to select a suitable type for practical applications. Further, the rotating shaft of the rotor of the permanent magnet generator (31) and the wound rotor (331) of the synchronous generator (33) can be directly driven via the turbine (34). Furthermore, a wireless transmission system (35) is further disposed at the output end of the synchronous generator (33), the main function of which is because the rotor magnetic field of the synchronous generator (33) is controlled by the permanent magnet generator (31). The DC rectifier (32) is provided, so that under the different wind speeds (or flow rates), the synchronous generator (33) output voltage, current and frequency 201020391 rate 'via the scale transmission button (4) to the sensible stream thief flow rectifier (32 ) to control the output current of the controllable AC-DC rectifier (10), thereby regulating the excitation current to achieve maximum power tracking. As can be seen from the above description, the present invention has at least the following advantages: (1) having a low starting torque: ❹ #testing the wind (or age) generator is a permanent magnet generator, when the rated capacity is up When lifting, the number of permanent magnet rotors increases, resulting in an increase in volume and weight, and increases the starting torque. However, when the wind speed (or machine speed) is low, it cannot be started. The rotor replaces the hydro-magnetic rotor, and has a low cross-sectional diameter, a small volume, a small weight, and a small starting torque at a high number of poles. Therefore, the rotor can be started when the wind speed (or flow velocity) is low. Provide load power. (2) The function of maximum power tracking: The excitation current of the synchronous generator of the present invention is provided by the permanent magnet generator after AC to DC rectification, so that the wheel of the controllable AC to DC rectifier can be The current is used to control the excitation current so that the excitation current can be adjusted under different wind speeds (or flow rates) to achieve maximum power tracking. (3) Wireless transmission control: The present invention can further wirelessly transmit the output voltage, current and frequency of the synchronous generator to the AC-to-DC rectifier, so that the controllable AC 201020391 DC-DC rectifier can be driven according to the Line regulation. The voltage, current and frequency of the fork are summarized in the above, the original Jiawei case Wei _ _ _ _, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ If an application for a patent for invention is filed in accordance with the law, please give it a review and grant a patent.
10 201020391 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖：風力（潮汐）永磁式同步機發電系統架構圖 第二圖··水力發電系統示意圖 第三圖：本發明之風力（或潮汐)發電機示意圖 第四圖：本發明之發電機繞線式轉子示意圖 【主要元件符號說明】 <本發明> 齡 (3) 直驅式風力/潮汐同步發電機 (31) 永磁式發電機 (32) 可控交流轉直流整流器 (33) 同步發電機 (331) 繞線式轉子 (34) 渴輪機 (35) 無線傳輸系統 (4) 轉換器 (5) 負載 <現有> (1) 風力發電系統 (11) 風力渦輪機 (12) 永磁式同步發電機 (13) 三相全橋式整流器 (14) 直流轉交流換流器 (15) 負載或並聯市電 (2) 水力發電系統 (21) 水輪機 (22) 發電機 (23) 三相變壓器 1110 201020391 [Simple description of the diagram] First: Wind power (tidal) permanent magnet synchronous machine power generation system architecture diagram second diagram · Hydroelectric power system schematic diagram Third: The wind (or tidal) generator schematic diagram of the present invention Figure 4: Schematic diagram of the generator-wound rotor of the present invention [Description of main components] <Invention> Age (3) Direct-drive wind/tidal synchronous generator (31) Permanent magnet generator (32) Controlled AC to DC Rectifier (33) Synchronous Generator (331) Wirewound Rotor (34) Thirsty Turbine (35) Wireless Transmission System (4) Converter (5) Load <Existing > (1) Wind Power System ( 11) Wind turbines (12) Permanent magnet synchronous generators (13) Three-phase full-bridge rectifiers (14) DC-to-AC converters (15) Load or parallel mains (2) Hydroelectric systems (21) Turbines (22 Generator (23) Three-phase transformer 11