TW201007199A - Radio wave short distance object detector and detecting method - Google Patents
Radio wave short distance object detector and detecting method Download PDFInfo
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201007199 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種電波近距離物件感測器及感測方法，尤 才曰種以無線模組做為收發器並運用衰消波（evanescent mode) 之特性，建置一矩形金屬盒，於其内置放無線收發模組，利用 發射訊號至物體產生反射訊號至接收端之訊號，以感測物體是 否存在者。 ❹ 【先前技術】 近年來，由於無線通訊實用化及科技產品的普及化，使得 通訊產業有新突破與發展，各類的電子通訊產品與感測器，已 應用在曰常生活中。目前使用感測器的實際做法有：紅外線感 測器[如參考文獻卜2]、超音波感測器[如參考文獻3-5]、CCD 圖像感測器[如參考文獻6-7]、檢波感測器[如參考文獻8_1〇] 等。 Q 感測器目前廣泛的應用在門禁管理、衛浴設備和防盜報警 等設備上，其中應用在門禁管理與衛浴設備有：（1)紅外線感測 器，應用原理為熱釋電效應，即當一些晶體受熱時，在晶體的 兩端將會產生數量相等的但正負相反的電荷，產生電極化現 象；（2)CCD圖像感測器’應用原理採用光電轉換原理用來攝取 平面光學圖像並將其轉換為電子圖像訊號的器件’除了將光訊 號轉換為電訊號並將平面圖像的像素進行點陣取樣。在倒車雷 達設備有：超音波感測器應用之原理為利用音波的發射與接收 201007199 來量測位置、速度等物理量，發射及接收超音波的機制大略可 分為電喊應現象、壓電絲及磁振現象三種。在電磁輕射安 全…财★波感測器其應用原理為接收外來的輻射訊號強 度，改變檢波電路產生壓降差，則可得知輻射訊號強度並加以 運用。本發明提出一種新型近距離物件無線感測器，以無線模 組做為收發n並運用哀消波（evaneseentmQde)之特性，建置一 矩形金屬盒’且將無線模組之收發人矩形金屬盒内，利用 ❹發射sfl號至物體產生反射訊號至接收端之訊龍度大小加以利 用，本發明系統製做很容易，並且可用於其他多種之用途。 本發明探討一種新型近距離物件無線感測器，以矩形金屬 盒刖方無遮敝且中間分隔，分別放入無線模組之收發電路，再 製做天線接入收發電路。可由結構體控制感測距離與範圍。 本發明之特點及原理，是以訊號由發射源送出至前方物體 產生反射訊號至接收端接收，可感測出前方是否有物鱧存在。 ❹以衰消模做為結構之探討，再經由電路模擬與量測做為驗證。 本發明系統由於結構簡單且製做容易，並在近距離感測時有良 好的靈敏度。 參考文獻 [1] S. H. Moseley, R. L Kelley,.J. C. Mather, R. F. Mushotzky, A. E.201007199 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to an electromagnetic wave proximity object sensor and a sensing method, and particularly uses a wireless module as a transceiver and uses an evanescent mode (evanescent mode) The feature is to build a rectangular metal box with a built-in wireless transceiver module that uses the transmitted signal to the object to generate a reflected signal to the receiving end to sense the presence of the object. ❹ 【Prior Art】 In recent years, due to the practical use of wireless communication and the popularization of technology products, the communication industry has made new breakthroughs and developments. Various types of electronic communication products and sensors have been used in ordinary life. The current practice of using sensors is: infrared sensors [such as reference 2], ultrasonic sensors [such as reference 3-5], CCD image sensors [such as references 6-7] , detection sensors [such as reference 8_1 〇] and so on. Q sensors are widely used in access control management, bathroom equipment and anti-theft alarm devices, among which are used in access control management and bathroom equipment: (1) infrared sensors, the application principle is pyroelectric effect, that is, when When the crystal is heated, an equal number of positive and negative charges will be generated at both ends of the crystal to produce an electrodeization phenomenon; (2) The application principle of the CCD image sensor uses the principle of photoelectric conversion to take a planar optical image and A device that converts it into an electronic image signal 'excepts converting the optical signal into an electrical signal and sampling the pixels of the planar image. In the reversing radar equipment: the principle of ultrasonic sensor application is to use the sound wave transmission and reception 201007199 to measure the physical quantity such as position and velocity. The mechanism of transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves can be roughly divided into electric shouting phenomenon and piezoelectric wire. And three kinds of magnetic vibration phenomenon. In the electromagnetic light security... The application principle of the wave sensor is to receive the intensity of the external radiation signal and change the voltage drop difference of the detection circuit to know the intensity of the radiation signal and use it. The invention provides a novel short-range object wireless sensor, which uses a wireless module as a transceiver and uses the characteristics of evaneseentmQde to build a rectangular metal box and sends and receives a rectangular metal box for the wireless module. The system of the present invention is easy to manufacture and can be used for various other purposes by utilizing the sfl number to transmit the reflected signal to the object to generate the signal size to the receiving end. The invention relates to a novel short-range object wireless sensor, which is arranged in a rectangular metal box without concealing and separated in the middle, and is respectively placed in a transceiver circuit of a wireless module, and then an antenna is connected to the transceiver circuit. The sensing distance and range can be controlled by the structure. The feature and principle of the present invention is that the signal is sent from the transmitting source to the front object to generate a reflection signal to the receiving end for receiving, and it is possible to sense whether there is a material object in front. ❹ Using the fading mode as a structure, and then verifying it through circuit simulation and measurement. The system of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, and has good sensitivity in close-range sensing. References [1] S. H. Moseley, R. L Kelley, J. C. Mather, R. F. Mushotzky, A. E.
Szymkowiak，D. McCammon，“Thermal Detectors as Single Photon X-RaySzymkowiak, D. McCammon, "Thermal Detectors as Single Photon X-Ray
Spectrometers,IEEE Transactions Nuclear Science, Vol. 32, pp. 134 -138, Feb. 1985. 201007199 [2] W. Yuyan, J.J. Talghader, wStiction-Free Soft Landing for Infrared Thermal Detectors,M 1EEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2006, pp. 60 - 61, 1985.Spectrometers, IEEE Transactions Nuclear Science, Vol. 32, pp. 134 -138, Feb. 1985. 201007199 [2] W. Yuyan, JJ Talghader, wStiction-Free Soft Landing for Infrared Thermal Detectors, M 1EEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2006, pp. 60 - 61, 1985.
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[5] C.-Y. Lee, H.-G. Choi, J.-S. Park, K.-Y. Park, S.-R. Lee, “Collision Avoidance by the Fusion of Different Beam-width Ultrasonic Sensors,IEEE Sensors, 2007, pp. 985 - 988, Oct. 2007.[5] C.-Y. Lee, H.-G. Choi, J.-S. Park, K.-Y. Park, S.-R. Lee, “Collision Avoidance by the Fusion of Different Beam-width Ultrasonic Sensors, IEEE Sensors, 2007, pp. 985 - 988, Oct. 2007.
[6] T. Yoshioka, H. Nakaue, H. Uemura, ''Development of detection algorithm for vehicles using multi-line CCD sensor,M 1999 International ❹ Conference on Image Processing, 1999. ICIP 99. Proceedings, Vol. 4, pp. 21-24, Oct. 1999.[6] T. Yoshioka, H. Nakaue, H. Uemura, ''Development of detection algorithm for vehicles using multi-line CCD sensor, M 1999 International ❹ Conference on Image Processing, 1999. ICIP 99. Proceedings, Vol. 4, Pp. 21-24, Oct. 1999.
[7] V. Ricny, J. Mikulec, ''Measuring flying object velocity with CCD sensors,M IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Vol. 9, pp. 3-6, June. 1994.[7] V. Ricny, J. Mikulec, ''Measuring flying object velocity with CCD sensors, M IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Vol. 9, pp. 3-6, June. 1994.
[8] Z. Yijun, M.Chia Yan Wah, WA wide band CMOS RF power detector/' 2006 IEEE International Symposium Circuits and Systems, 2006. ISCAS 2006. Proceedings, pp. 4228 - 4231, May. 2006. 201007199 [9] N. Yasudev, O.M. Collins, “Measurement of a filter using a power detector,55 IEEE Transactions Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 50 pp. 2083 - 2089, Sept. 2002.[8] Z. Yijun, M. Chia Yan Wah, WA wide band CMOS RF power detector/' 2006 IEEE International Symposium Circuits and Systems, 2006. ISCAS 2006. Proceedings, pp. 4228 - 4231, May. 2006. 201007199 [9 N. Yasudev, OM Collins, "Measurement of a filter using a power detector, 55 IEEE Transactions Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 50 pp. 2083 - 2089, Sept. 2002.
[10] T. Zhang, W. R. Eisenstadt，R.M. Fox, Q. Yin, “Bipolar Microwave RMS Power Detectors,IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,[10] T. Zhang, W. R. Eisenstadt, R.M. Fox, Q. Yin, “Bipolar Microwave RMS Power Detectors, IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,
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[11] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, Second Edition, Wiley, N. ❹ Y” 1998.[11] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, Second Edition, Wiley, N. ❹ Y” 1998.
[12] Kraus J. D. Antennas, Second Edition, McGRAW-Hill, 1988. 【發明内容】 本發明之第一目的’在於提供一種利用發射訊號至物體產 生反射訊號至接收端之訊號，以感測物體是否存在之電波近距 離物件感測器。 為達成上述功效，本發明所採用之技術手段係包括：一第 ❹一容槽，其壁面為金屬製成，且具有朝向一方向的第一開口； 一與該第一容槽相間隔的第二容槽，其壁面亦為金屬製成，且 具有與該第-容槽之該第一開口相同朝向的第二開口；及一無 線收發模組’其包括有一可發射訊號源之發射模組及一可接收 該訊號源之接收模組，該發射模㈣接—發射天線，並裝置於 該第-容槽内部’該接收模組連接一接收天線，並裝置於該第 二容槽内部❶ 本發月之第目的，在於提供一種利用發射訊號至物體產 201007199 生反射訊號至接收端之訊號，以感測物體是否存在之電波近距 離物件感測方法。 為達成上述功效’本發明所採用之技術手段其包括：提供 一第一容槽、一第二容槽、一區隔該第一容槽與該第二容槽之 金屬隔板及一無線收發模組，該第一容槽及該第二容槽分別具 有相同朝向的一第一開口及一第二開口，該無線收發模組包括 有一發射模組及一接收模組，該發射模組連接一發射天線，並 ❹裝置於該第一容槽内部，該接收模組連接一接收天線，並裝置 於該第二容槽内部；以該無線收發模組經該發射模組之該發射 天線發射出訊號源；當該訊號源接觸到一物體而反射產生一反 射訊號時’該反射訊號由該接收天線接收入該接收模組丨及依 據該反射訊號被收入該接收模組得知該物體存在。 【實施方公式】 I ·本發明的基本特徵 ❹ i·本發明感測器基本結構特徵 如圖1、2所示，本發明所設計的近距離物件無線感測器， 係包括： -第-容槽（12)，其壁面為金屬製成，且具有朝向一方向 的第一開口（120); -與該第-容槽(12)相間隔的第二容槽(13)，其壁面亦為 金屬製成’且具有與該第-容槽02)之該第一開口⑽)相同朝 向的第二開口（130); 201007199 一無線收發模組，其包括有一可發射訊號源之發射模組（2〇) 及一可接收該訊號源之接收模組（3〇)，該發射模組（2〇)連接一 發射天線（21)’並裝置於該第一容槽（12)内部，該接收模組（3〇) 連接一接收天線（31) ’並裝置於該第二容槽（a)内部。 上述第一谷槽及第二容槽實施時，可形成於一矩形金屬盒 (10)，該金屬盒（10)具一大容槽（11)，該大容槽一端開口，内 部中段處隔設一金屬隔板（14)，以該隔板（12)將該大容槽（u) ❹區隔出該第一容槽（12)及該第二容槽（13)。 ii·本發明之方法特徵 如圖1、2所示，本發明所研發的近距離物件無線感測方法， 包括有： (a) 提供一第一容槽（12)、一第二容槽（13)、一區隔該第一 容槽（12)與該第二容槽（13)之金屬隔板（14)及一無線收發模 組，該第一容槽（12)及該第二容槽（13)分別具有相同朝向的一 ❿第一開口（120)及一第二開口（130)，該無線收發模組包括有一 發射模組（20)及一接收模組（3〇)，該發射模組（2〇)連接一發射 天線（21)，並裝置於該第一容槽（12)内部，該接收模組（3〇)連 接一接收天線（31)，並裝置於該第二容槽（13)内部； (b) 以該無線收發模組經該發射模組（2〇)之該發射天線（21) 發射出訊號源； (c) 當該訊號源接觸到一物體（4〇)而反射產生一反射訊號 時，該反射訊號由該接收天線（31)接收入該接收模組（3〇);及 201007199 (d)依據該反射訊號被收入該接收模組（3q)得知該物體（40) 存在。 其中，本發明實施時’可調整該第一開口（12〇)及該第二開 口（130)的大小，以調整其可感測的距離範圍。 H.本發明之特點與原理 本發明在研發一種近距離物件無線感測器，以無線模組做 為收發器並運用衰消波（evanescent m〇de)之特性，建置一矩形 ❹金屬盒，且將無線模組之收發器放入矩形金屬盒内，利用發射 訊號至物體產生反射訊號至接收端之訊號強度大小加以利用， 本發明系統製做很容易，並且可用於其他多種之用途。 本發明之近距離物件無線感測器，係以矩形金屬盒前方無 遮敝且中間分隔，分別放入無線模組之收發電路，並連接天線 接入收發電路。可由結構體控制感測距離與範圍。 本發明之特點及原理，是以訊號由發射源送出至前方物體 ❹產生反射訊號至接收端接收，可感測出前方是否有物體存在。 以衰消模做為結構之探討，再經由電路模擬與量測做為驗證。 本發明系統由於結構簡單且製做容易，並在近距離感測時 有良好的靈敏度。 i·系統之訊號路徑模式 請參看圖1所示’本發明之近距離物件無線感測器之系 架構，係分為侧域，其中㈣^心啊別為㈣· 11 201007199 mode region、傳輸區 transmission region、自由空間 free space、物體object，訊號源及接收端至Region B之長度為L， 由發射端發射訊號至傳輸區再經由空氣至物體，經物體反彈訊 號至傳輸區再至接收端接收反射訊號之強弱大小，如此可得知 在無線感測器前方處是否有物體存在，且可量測出物體距離與 訊號強弱之關係，並由此關係可得知目前物體與感測器之距離 遠近。 〇 ii.系統架構分析 本發明之無線感測器系統架構如圖1所示’由發射源發射訊 號經物體反射訊號至接收端接收訊號，收發模組並置於一矩形 金屬盒（10)内如圖2所示，發射源開口（120)處長為a、寬為b; 接收源開口（130)處長為c、寬為d，為簡化設計令a = c、b = d 以作為模態之分析。因金屬盒（10)内只有金屬，其中只能有TE 及TM波，沒有TEM波。然而，因為在矩形波導内的冗及]波模， ❾有其截止頻率，若低於此頻率，波模則以指數式的衰減[u]。 在Region BCtransmission region)的部分則以h〇rn antenna 之理論進行探討[如參考文獻12]。 iii.分析波模TEr 在TElD波模的截止頻率如式（ι)[ιι] ΛΐΟ kc 2π^[^ 2π^[με (1) 因具有最減止頻率的波模為域；因a>b，所以最低截止 12 201007199 頻率fe的是ΤΕιβ為整個矩形波導的主波模，故（m = 1，η = 〇)。 由式（1)可得知最低截止頻率，當fcl(J〉；f的波模時，其召為純虛 數（α為純實數）’其電磁場在產生後，會很快的以指數式衰減， 這種波模稱為哀消模或戴止模（evanescent m〇de)。 並再求得波數K如式（2) c (2) ❽並可得知傳播常數β如式（3)[12] Kraus JD Antennas, Second Edition, McGRAW-Hill, 1988. [The first object of the present invention] is to provide a signal for generating a reflected signal to a receiving end by using a transmitting signal to an object to sense the presence of an object. The electric wave close-range object sensor. In order to achieve the above effects, the technical means adopted by the present invention includes: a first cavity, the wall surface of which is made of metal and has a first opening facing in one direction; and a first space spaced apart from the first cavity a second receptacle having a wall surface also made of metal and having a second opening facing the first opening of the first receptacle; and a wireless transceiver module comprising a transmit module capable of transmitting a signal source And a receiving module capable of receiving the signal source, the transmitting module (4) is connected to the transmitting antenna, and is disposed inside the first-cavity slot. The receiving module is connected to a receiving antenna and is disposed inside the second receiving slot. The purpose of this month is to provide a method for sensing short-distance objects of an electric wave by using a signal transmitted to an object to produce a reflection signal from the 201007199 to the receiving end to sense the presence of an object. In order to achieve the above-mentioned effects, the technical means adopted by the present invention includes: providing a first receiving slot, a second receiving slot, a metal partition separating the first receiving slot and the second receiving slot, and a wireless transceiver The first receiving slot and the second receiving slot respectively have a first opening and a second opening in the same orientation. The wireless transceiver module includes a transmitting module and a receiving module, and the transmitting module is connected. a transmitting antenna is disposed inside the first receiving slot, the receiving module is connected to a receiving antenna, and is disposed inside the second receiving slot; and the wireless transceiver module is transmitted through the transmitting antenna of the transmitting module a signal source; when the signal source contacts an object and reflects to generate a reflection signal, the reflection signal is received by the receiving antenna into the receiving module, and is received by the receiving module according to the reflected signal to know that the object exists. . [Embodiment formula] I · Basic features of the present invention ❹ i· The basic structural features of the sensor of the present invention are as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and the short-distance object wireless sensor designed by the present invention includes: - - a receiving groove (12) having a wall surface made of metal and having a first opening (120) facing in one direction; a second receiving groove (13) spaced apart from the first receiving groove (12), the wall surface thereof a second opening (130) made of metal and having the same orientation as the first opening (10) of the first cavity 02; 201007199 a wireless transceiver module including a transmitting module capable of transmitting a signal source (2〇) and a receiving module (3〇) capable of receiving the signal source, the transmitting module (2〇) is connected to a transmitting antenna (21)' and is disposed inside the first receiving slot (12), The receiving module (3〇) is connected to a receiving antenna (31)' and is disposed inside the second receiving slot (a). The first trough and the second trough are formed in a rectangular metal box (10). The metal box (10) has a large tank (11). The large tank is open at one end and the inner middle portion is separated. A metal partition (14) is provided, and the large volume (u) is separated from the first tank (12) and the second tank (13) by the partition (12). Ii· The features of the method of the present invention are as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and the method for wireless sensing of a close-range object developed by the present invention comprises: (a) providing a first receiving slot (12) and a second receiving slot ( 13) a metal partition (14) separating the first tank (12) and the second tank (13) and a wireless transceiver module, the first tank (12) and the second capacity The slot (13) has a first opening (120) and a second opening (130) in the same orientation. The wireless transceiver module includes a transmitting module (20) and a receiving module (3). The transmitting module (2〇) is connected to a transmitting antenna (21) and is disposed inside the first receiving slot (12), the receiving module (3〇) is connected to a receiving antenna (31), and is disposed in the second (b) transmitting a signal source through the transmitting antenna (21) of the transmitting module (2〇) by the wireless transceiver module; (c) when the signal source contacts an object (4) 〇), when the reflection generates a reflection signal, the reflection signal is received by the receiving antenna (31) into the receiving module (3〇); and 201007199 (d) is received by the receiving module according to the reflected signal 3q) that the object (40) exists. Wherein, in the implementation of the present invention, the size of the first opening (12〇) and the second opening (130) can be adjusted to adjust the distance range that can be sensed. H. Features and Principles of the Invention The present invention is developing a short-range object wireless sensor that uses a wireless module as a transceiver and uses the characteristics of an evanescent m〇de to build a rectangular metal box. And the transceiver of the wireless module is placed in a rectangular metal box, and the signal intensity is transmitted to the object to generate a reflected signal to the signal intensity of the receiving end. The system of the invention is easy to manufacture and can be used for various other purposes. The short-distance object wireless sensor of the present invention is arranged in the front and back of the rectangular metal box without being concealed and separated in the middle, and is respectively placed in the transceiver circuit of the wireless module, and connected to the antenna to be connected to the transceiver circuit. The sensing distance and range can be controlled by the structure. The feature and principle of the present invention is that the signal is sent from the transmitting source to the front object, and the reflected signal is generated to be received by the receiving end, and it is sensed whether there is an object in front. The discussion of the fading mode as a structure is verified by circuit simulation and measurement. The system of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, and has good sensitivity in close-range sensing. For the signal path mode of the system, please refer to the architecture of the proximity object wireless sensor of the present invention, which is divided into side fields, wherein (4) Transmission region, free space free space, object object, signal source and receiver to Region B length L, from the transmitter to transmit signals to the transmission area and then through the air to the object, through the object rebound signal to the transmission area and then to the receiving end The strength of the reflected signal is so large that it is known whether there is an object in front of the wireless sensor, and the relationship between the object distance and the signal strength can be measured, and the relationship between the current object and the sensor can be known from the relationship. Far and near. 〇ii. System Architecture Analysis The wireless sensor system architecture of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 1 'The transmission source transmits a signal through the object to reflect the signal to the receiving end to receive the signal, and the transceiver module is placed in a rectangular metal box (10). As shown in FIG. 2, the source opening (120) has a length a and a width b; the receiving source opening (130) has a length c and a width d, which is a mode for simplifying design a = c, b = d Analysis. Because there is only metal in the metal box (10), there can only be TE and TM waves, and there is no TEM wave. However, because of the redundancy of the mode in the rectangular waveguide, there is its cutoff frequency. If it is lower than this frequency, the mode is exponentially attenuated [u]. The part of the Region BCtransmission region is discussed in the theory of h〇rn antenna [eg reference 12]. Iii. Analyze the cutoff frequency of the mode TEr in the TE1D mode as shown in the equation (ι)[ιι] ΛΐΟ kc 2π^[^ 2π^[με (1) because the mode with the most degraded frequency is the domain; because a>b , so the minimum cutoff 12 201007199 frequency fe is ΤΕιβ is the main wave mode of the entire rectangular waveguide, so (m = 1, η = 〇). From equation (1), the lowest cutoff frequency can be known. When fcl(J>;f is a mode, it is called pure imaginary number (α is pure real number). After the electromagnetic field is generated, it will exponentially decay quickly. This wave mode is called a mourning mode or an evanescent m〇de, and the wave number K is obtained as in the equation (2) c (2) ❽ and the propagation constant β is obtained as in the equation (3).
(3) 其電場與磁場在橫截面上分量的比值即為波阻抗如式⑷ (4)(3) The ratio of the electric field to the magnetic field in the cross section is the wave impedance as in equation (4) (4)
zTF Ε β 相速度VP如式（5)zTF Ε β phase velocity VP as in equation (5)
VP ❹ ω ~β (5) 則ΤΕι°波模所攜帶的功率如式（6)Ρι°=Μ。ί! “每單位長纽導的料轉ρ“式⑺ ρ-τίΠ^ 〆 得知ΤΕ,。波模導體損耗的衰減常數如式⑻ (6) ⑺ αΛ =~£l. 2户1〇VP ❹ ω ~β (5) The power carried by the ΤΕι° mode is as shown in equation (6)Ρι°=Μ. ί! “The material per unit length of the lead turns ρ” (7) ρ-τίΠ^ 〆 Learn ΤΕ,. The attenuation constant of the wave mode conductor loss is as shown in equation (8) (6) (7) αΛ =~£l. 2 households 1〇
Nplrn 13 (8) 201007199 ❹ 因低於截止頻率，故/5為純虛數，則Ρπ 為無窮大。 介質損耗的衰減如式（9) _ k2tmS .T f ud - —^—Np/ m 當沒為純虛數時’介質損耗如同無損耗 iv.分析波模ΤΜιι 在ΤΜιι波模的截止頻率如式（1〇) kc 1 TE波模的a c (9) fc dl ηπ (10) Ιπ-^με 波數K同式（2)，其傳播常數β如式（11)t ^ J UJ 'f ~UJ 電場與磁場在橫截面上分量的比值為波阻抗如式（12)Z™^ (1： ΤΜιι模之相速度同式（5)及TMu波模無導體損耗時通過波 的實功率流Pn同式（6)，若fcll>f ，β為純虛數，則Ριι = 〇。 ΤΜη每單位長度波導的導體功率p川同式（7)，可得TM”波模 體損耗的衰減常_式⑻，若低賊讀率，故TM波模的、( 為無窮大。Ίΐη波模之介質損耗的衰減同式（9)，當石為 數時，介質損耗如同無損耗。 〜> 根據上述，本發明矩形金屬盒，如圖2所示，左邊 源’其開口⑽）長為a、寬為b，右邊為接收源，其開口⑽ v w yNplrn 13 (8) 201007199 ❹ Because the cutoff frequency is lower, /5 is a pure imaginary number, then Ρπ is infinite. The attenuation of the dielectric loss is as shown in equation (9) _ k2tmS .T f ud - —^—Np/ m When there is no pure imaginary number, the dielectric loss is like no loss. iv. Analyze the mode ΤΜιι in the cutoff frequency of ΤΜιι波模 as equation ( 1〇) kc 1 TE mode ac (9) fc dl ηπ (10) Ιπ-^με wave number K is the same as equation (2), and its propagation constant β is as in equation (11)t ^ J UJ 'f ~UJ electric field The ratio of the component to the magnetic field in the cross section is the wave impedance such as the equation (12) ZTM^ (1: the phase velocity of the ΤΜιι mode is the same as the equation (5) and the TMu mode has no conductor loss. (6), if fcll>f, β is a pure imaginary number, then Ριι = 〇. 导体η The power of the waveguide per unit length of the waveguide is the same as (7), and the attenuation of the TM" wave mode loss is often _ (8), If the thief reading rate is low, the TM mode is (infinitely large. The attenuation of the dielectric loss of the ΊΐN mode is the same as in the equation (9). When the stone is a number, the dielectric loss is as lossless. ~> According to the above, the rectangle of the present invention The metal box, as shown in Figure 2, the left source 'its opening (10) is a long, b is wide, the right is the receiving source, and its opening (10) vwy
(ID • 14 201007199 長為C、寬為d’長與寬會改變截止頻率及傳播常數等，故改變 長度為a及寬度為b時，所龍之截止頻率及複_常數如圖 3(a)、3(b)所*，實線為TEl❶改變長度&、虛線為TM”改變長 度a、大虛線為TMn改變長度be由圖3(幻所示可得知τ^波 模比ΤΜ"波模錄㈣截止解，故I波模可機的頻率較 為寬廣。由圖3(b)所示可得知TE!。波模比TMn波模有較低複傳 播常數，故可知TEid波模的衰減功率較低。 ❹ v•將Region B以horn antenna進行分析 得知距離L與寬度b後，先求得E plane之角度如式（13) ΘΕ =2tan'(ID • 14 201007199 The length is C, the width is d' length and width will change the cutoff frequency and propagation constant, etc., so when the length is changed to a and the width is b, the cutoff frequency and complex_constant of the dragon are shown in Fig. 3 (a ), 3(b)*, the solid line is TEl❶, the length is changed, the dotted line is TM”, the length is changed, the large dashed line is TMn, and the length is changed from Fig. 3 (the magical figure shows that τ^wave mode ratio ΤΜ" The wave mode record (4) cutoff solution, so the frequency of the I wave mode machine is relatively wide. The TE! can be known from Fig. 3(b). The wave mode has a lower complex propagation constant than the TMn wave mode, so the TEid mode can be known. The attenuation power is low. ❹ v• After analyzing Region B with horn antenna to find the distance L and width b, first find the angle of E plane as equation (13) ΘΕ = 2tan'
2L (13) 再求得H plane之角度如式（U) 9jf = 2cos"2L (13) Then find the angle of the H plane as the formula (U) 9jf = 2cos"
L L + δ (14〕 E plane之孔徑如式（15) ❹ aE =2Xtan Θε 2 (15) H plane之孔徑如式（16) aH = 2Ltan Θ_Η. 2 (16： 故可得知Horn antenna增益如式（17) D = 101ogLL + δ (14) The aperture of the E plane is as shown in equation (15) ❹ aE = 2Xtan Θ ε 2 (15) The aperture of the H plane is as shown in equation (16) aH = 2Ltan Θ _ Η. 2 (16: Therefore, the Horn antenna gain can be known. Equation (17) D = 101og
’7.5Af ~F = 10Iog(7.5-a£ aH) (17 IV.本發明之***電路模擬 請參看圖1、2所示’本發明之矩形金屬盒分別設計長度 15 201007199 a=c=8cm、寬 τ t)cin、L=10cm，而發射源距離開口處l為2公 .刀處’天線操作頻率為433MHz，進行高頻電磁模擬軟體HFSS 模擬發射天線及Regi〇n A如圖4(a)所示。圖4(b)為擬模43蘭z 的立體輻射場型圖，可得知在Z方向與XZ方向時之輻射增益較 強最大輕射益為3· 49dB，因矩形金屬盒之截止頻率高於操 作頻率產生衰消模，原較強輻射增益在X方向，但衰消模的產 生，使得輻射方向改變。圖4(c)為矩形金屬盒的開口處截面 ❹之電場分佈’由電場分佈圖可得知電場耦合的方向為χ至z與 ΤΕκ)波模相同’還有些微電場由四周金屬至天線耦合，由上述 可知此電場分佈與ΤΕ1β波模相同，故發射訊號可輻射至空氣中。 V·本發明之系統實作與量測 本發明以消散波的原理，調控發射與接收信號強度的依 據，並配合操作頻率設計開口大小用於調整感測距離，做為近 距離物件無線感測器之應用，先製做一矩形金屬盒再放入無線 ❹模組’且運用衰波模的方式做分析，最後再以人體或金屬於此 感測器前方，從發射源發射訊號至物體產生反射訊號至接收 端，得知是否有造成反射訊號之物體存在。以433MHz無線模 組做此運用，並加以說明。 首先製做一矩形金屬盒並將中間以金屬為分隔如圖2所 示，矩形金屬盒設計長度a=c=8cm、寬b=d=5cm、L=l〇cni，以 上述系統分析可得知TE波模與TM波模之最低模態分別為TEl0 和TMu，兩波模之最低截止波模為TEl°截止頻率為1.86GHz、 201007199 ΤΜπ截止頻率為3 ^ , _ ，低於截止頻率故為衰:模’再運為·^ •功率以指數下降，再調整訊號源位置，可讓發射式，使得訊號 測物體產生反射訊號至接收端，以便感測號至前方感 Γ；?Ι-7Ρ=71Μ0^ ad=3*22·10^0 (2)可得知 1(=9.0611^,-vri9、 ^^(5)# V.37.10S 0 ^ Λΐ!Γ3,4'ΖΤΜ=ί3〇54(Ω) 冷為純虛數故可得知TEn波模'7.5Af ~F = 10Iog(7.5-a£ aH) (17 IV. The circuit simulation of the system of the present invention is shown in Figures 1 and 2'. The rectangular metal box of the present invention has a design length of 15 201007199 a=c=8cm, τ t) cin, L = 10cm, and the distance from the source to the opening is 2 gong. The antenna operating frequency is 433MHz. The high frequency electromagnetic simulation software HFSS analog transmitting antenna and Regi〇n A are shown in Fig. 4 (a ) shown. Fig. 4(b) is a stereoscopic radiation pattern of the pseudo-module 43 blue z. It can be seen that the radiation gain in the Z direction and the XZ direction is stronger and the maximum light-emitting yield is 3.9dB, because the cut-off frequency of the rectangular metal box is high. The fading mode is generated at the operating frequency, and the original strong radiation gain is in the X direction, but the fading mode is generated, so that the radiation direction changes. Fig. 4(c) shows the electric field distribution of the cross-section ❹ at the opening of the rectangular metal box. 'The electric field distribution shows that the direction of the electric field coupling is the same as the χ to z and ΤΕκ wave modes'. Some micro electric fields are coupled from the surrounding metal to the antenna. It can be seen from the above that the electric field distribution is the same as the ΤΕ1β mode, so that the transmitted signal can be radiated into the air. V. System Implementation and Measurement of the Invention The present invention uses the principle of dissipating waves to adjust the basis of the transmitted and received signal strengths, and designs the opening size in accordance with the operating frequency for adjusting the sensing distance as a wireless sensing of close-range objects. For the application of the device, first make a rectangular metal box and then put it into the wireless ❹ module' and use the fading mode to analyze, and then use the human body or metal in front of the sensor to transmit signals from the source to the object. Reflect the signal to the receiving end to find out if there is any object that causes the reflected signal. This is done with a 433MHz wireless module and is explained. First, a rectangular metal box is made and the middle is separated by metal. As shown in Fig. 2, the design length of the rectangular metal box is a=c=8cm, width b=d=5cm, L=l〇cni, which can be obtained by the above system analysis. The lowest modes of the TE mode and the TM mode are TEl0 and TMu, respectively. The lowest cutoff mode of the two modes is TEl° cutoff frequency is 1.86 GHz, 201007199 ΤΜπ cutoff frequency is 3 ^ , _ , lower than the cutoff frequency For the fading: the modulo 're-transports to ^ ^ • The power is exponentially decreased, and then the position of the signal source is adjusted, so that the transmitting type can cause the signal measuring object to generate a reflection signal to the receiving end, so that the sensing number reaches the front sensation; 7Ρ=71Μ0^ ad=3*22·10^0 (2) It can be known that 1(=9.0611^, -vri9, ^^(5)# V.37.10S 0 ^ Λΐ!Γ3,4'ΖΤΜ=ί3〇 54 (Ω) cold is a pure imaginary number, so you can know the TEn mode
Pll = 0，並經由式⑻可得知模導體損耗的衰減常數MOO，且 由式（9)得知 ad=i.67· 1〇-4(Np/m)。 由於發射天線的中心頻率為433MHZ，以FR4製做平面天線 且加上&單心線約13公分如附件一左侧所示，因天線之體積 ❾較大且效能過高，但本感測器需以前方之物體造成訊號反射， 所以天線效能太高會導致接收端持續地接收到發射訊號，故將 天線單芯線部分彎曲如附件一右側所示。圖5(a)為發射天線之 頻率響應，由|Sn丨反射損耗得知未彎曲約為73dB、彎曲後天 線約為1.5dB，因天線經過彎曲使得反射損耗變大，故使得訊 號可近距離經由物體靠近感測器產生反射訊號至接收端。在接 收天線設計，以一段單芯線約5. 6cm如附件二左侧所示，但天 線拉直會使得長度過高，故將天線彎曲約為45度如附件二右側 17 201007199 接收天線之頻率響應，由1Sn|反射損耗得知天 線拉直與折為45度有龄古^ 何^天 腳耗，㈣碰效㈣顯下降 终多，運錢衣減效果調整本感測II之天線。 根據刀析、°果進仃無線感測11設計，以433MHz之無線模组 並接上，放入矩形金屬盒中，«放 入金屬I右邊如附件三之樣品所示，完成感測器系統，各 測分別說明如下。 ❹本發明系統操作頻率為433MHz，以左為發射訊號源、右為 接收訊號源，從無線模組之接收端使用三用電表量測電壓之變 化，當無訊號接收時，電麗為〇(v)，而電壓愈大表示訊號接收 能力愈強。量測以三項物質做為比較：⑴金屬做為感測如附件 四上圖所示，在距離感測器約15公分時，在接收端量測之電壓 值為0.49(V)，（2)人體做為感測如附件四中圖所示，在距離 感測器約15公分時，在接收端量測之電壓值為〇.4(v); (3)瓷 ❹器做為感測如附件四下圖所示，可得知電壓為〇(v)，接收端無 訊號接收。圖6為金屬和人體做為比較距離感測器遠近對應電 壓尚低’實線為人體量測、虛線為金屬量測，可得知金屬比人 體有較大的反射係數，以同樣的距離感測器約丨5公分處，金屬 測量出接收訊號比人體測量出接收訊號強，可由電壓大小對應 訊號之強弱得知，但此無線感測器的感測範圍約為35公分。由 此效果可得知當物體靠近感測器時，電壓會上昇，則可知感測 器前方是否有物體經過。並以上述得知非導體物質無反射係 201007199 數’若以非導體接近本感測器時，發射源發射訊號至物體並未 產生反射訊號至接收端’而是以發射訊號穿透物體的形式，而 感測不到是否有物體存在。 VI.結論 本發明所研發之近距離物件無線感測器，以矩形金屬盒前 方無遮敝且中間分隔，分別放入無線模組之收發電路，再製做 天線接入收發電路。其原理是以訊號由發射源送出至前方物體 ❹產生反射讯號至接收端接收，可感測出前方是否有物雖存在。 本發明以衰消模做為結構之探討，再經由電路模擬與量測做為 驗證。本發明系統由於結構簡單且製做容易，並在近距離感測 時有良好的靈敏度。 以上所述，僅為本發明之一可行實施例，並非用以限定本 發明之專利範圍’凡舉依據下列申請專利範圍所述之内容、特 徵以及其精神而為之其他變化的等效實施，皆應包含於本發明 ❹之專利範圍内。本發明所具體界定於申請專利範圍之結構特 徵’未見於同類物品，且具實用性與進步性，已符合發明專利 要件，爰依法具文提出申請，謹請釣局依法核予專利。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為本發明系統架構圖； 圖2為本發明金屬盒之外觀示意圖； 圖3(a)為本發明邳18與TMu模態，改變長3和寬b對應截 止頻率； 201007199 圖3(b)為本發明ΤΕ1()與ΤΜη模態，改變長a和寬b對應複 傳播係數； 圖4(a)為本發明以HFSS模擬發射天線及Region A圖· 圖4(b)為本發明433MHz立體輻射場型圖； 圖4(c)為本發明433MHz開口處戴面之電場分佈； 圖5(a)為本發明發射模組的天線（空氣中），不臀曲與贊曲 之頻率響應； ❹ 圖5(b)為本發明接收模組的天線（空氣中），不彎折與弯折 45度之頻率響應； 圖6為本發明量測時以金屬與人體做為訊號反射對應電壓 之變化。 附件一.本發明未彎曲之發射天線及彎曲之發射天線比對照片。 附件二：本發明接收天線彎折及接收天線彎折45度照片。 附件三：本發明系統樣品照片。 ❹附件四：本發明分別以金屬、人體及瓷器做為訊號反射之實際 量測的照片。 【主要元件符號說明】 (1〇)金屬盒 （11)大容槽 (12)(13)容槽（120)(130)開口 (14)隔板 （20)發射模組 (21)(31)天線（30)接收模組 “〇)物體 20Pll = 0, and the attenuation constant MOO of the mode conductor loss can be known by the equation (8), and it is known from the equation (9) that ad = i.67 · 1 〇 -4 (Np / m). Since the center frequency of the transmitting antenna is 433 MHz, the planar antenna is made of FR4 and the sum of the & single core is about 13 cm as shown on the left side of the attached one. Because the size of the antenna is large and the performance is too high, the sensing is performed. The device needs to reflect the signal with the object in front, so the antenna performance is too high, so that the receiving end continuously receives the transmitting signal, so the antenna single-core part is bent as shown on the right side of the attached one. Figure 5 (a) shows the frequency response of the transmitting antenna. The reflection of the |Sn丨 reflection loss is about 73dB, and the antenna after bending is about 1.5dB. Because the antenna is bent, the reflection loss becomes large, so that the signal can be close. The reflected signal is generated by the object close to the sensor to the receiving end. In the receiving antenna design, a single core wire is about 5.6 cm as shown on the left side of the second attachment, but the antenna straightening will make the length too high, so the antenna is bent about 45 degrees as shown in the right side of Annex II 17 201007199 The frequency response of the receiving antenna From 1Sn|reflection loss, it is known that the antenna is straightened and folded to 45 degrees. The age is ancient ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ According to the knife analysis, the result of the wireless sensing 11 design, the 433MHz wireless module is connected and placed in a rectangular metal box, «put the metal I to the right as shown in the sample of the attached three, complete the sensor system Each test is described as follows. The operating frequency of the system of the present invention is 433 MHz, with the left as the source of the transmission signal and the right as the source of the received signal, and the three-meter meter is used to measure the change of the voltage from the receiving end of the wireless module, and when no signal is received, the battery is 〇 (v), and the higher the voltage, the stronger the signal receiving capability. The measurement is based on three substances: (1) Metal is used for sensing. As shown in the figure above in Annex IV, when the distance sensor is about 15 cm, the voltage measured at the receiving end is 0.49 (V), (2) The human body acts as a sensor. As shown in the figure in Appendix IV, when the distance sensor is about 15 cm, the voltage measured at the receiving end is 〇.4(v); (3) The porcelain device is used for sensing. As shown in the figure below in Annex IV, it can be known that the voltage is 〇(v) and there is no signal reception at the receiving end. Figure 6 shows the distance between the metal and the human body as the distance sensor is low. The solid line is the human body measurement and the dotted line is the metal measurement. It can be seen that the metal has a larger reflection coefficient than the human body, and the same distance is felt. The measuring device is about 5 cm. The metal receives the receiving signal stronger than the human body's measured receiving signal. It can be known by the voltage level corresponding to the signal strength, but the sensing range of the wireless sensor is about 35 cm. From this effect, it can be seen that when the object approaches the sensor, the voltage rises, and it is known whether an object passes in front of the sensor. And as described above, the non-conductor material has no reflection system 201007199 number 'If the non-conductor approaches the sensor, the source emits a signal to the object and does not generate a reflection signal to the receiving end' but transmits the signal through the object. And it is not detected whether there is an object. VI. Conclusion The short-distance object wireless sensor developed by the present invention is placed in the transceiver circuit of the wireless module in the front side of the rectangular metal box without concealing and intermediate separation, and then the antenna is connected to the transceiver circuit. The principle is that the signal is sent from the transmitting source to the object in front, and the reflected signal is generated to be received by the receiving end, and it can be sensed whether something exists in the front. The invention uses the fading mode as a structure, and then performs verification through circuit simulation and measurement. The system of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, and has good sensitivity in close-range sensing. The above is only one of the possible embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patents of the present invention. All should be included in the scope of the patent of the present invention. The structural features specifically defined in the scope of the patent application are not found in similar articles, and are practical and progressive. They have met the requirements for invention patents, and have been filed according to law. The fishing bureau is required to approve patents according to law. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the appearance of a metal box according to the present invention; FIG. 3(a) is a 邳18 and TMu mode of the present invention, changing the length 3 and the width b corresponding to the cutoff frequency. 201007199 Figure 3(b) shows the ΤΕ1() and ΤΜη modes of the present invention, changing the complex propagation coefficients of length a and width b; Figure 4(a) shows the HFSS analog transmit antenna and Region A diagram of Figure 4 (Fig. 4) b) is the 433MHz stereoscopic radiation pattern of the present invention; FIG. 4(c) is the electric field distribution of the wearing surface of the 433MHz opening of the present invention; FIG. 5(a) is the antenna (in the air) of the transmitting module of the present invention, which is not hip-curved Figure 5 (b) is the antenna of the receiving module of the present invention (in the air), the frequency response of bending and bending 45 degrees; Figure 6 is the metal and human body in the measurement of the present invention As a signal reflection, the corresponding voltage changes. Annex 1. The unbent transmit antenna and the curved transmit antenna of the present invention are aligned. Annex 2: The 45-degree photograph of the receiving antenna bending and receiving antenna bending of the present invention. Annex III: Photograph of the system sample of the invention. ❹ Annex 4: The present invention uses metal, human body and porcelain as the actual measurement photos of signal reflection. [Main component symbol description] (1〇) metal box (11) large pocket (12) (13) pocket (120) (130) opening (14) partition (20) emission module (21) (31) The antenna (30) receives the module "〇" object 20
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI461721B (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2014-11-21 | Quadlink Technology Inc | Object detection device and method thereof |
| TWI819549B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-10-21 | 宏達國際電子股份有限公司 | Device and method for detection |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| TWI461721B (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2014-11-21 | Quadlink Technology Inc | Object detection device and method thereof |
| TWI819549B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-10-21 | 宏達國際電子股份有限公司 | Device and method for detection |
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