200950965 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明有關包含具有高散射力與高透光率之顏料的半 透明夾層板，亦有關減少IR輻射水準，以及有關彼等板 作爲屋頂或鑲嵌玻璃用（特別是用於溫室）之材料的用途 〇 【先前技術】 許多專利說明書中已描述由塑膠所構成之透明IR吸 收結構。EP 92774 1描述包含二硫胺基甲酸銅化合物且可 射出成型之熱塑性塑膠。JP 1 0 1 57023揭示包含IR吸收性 二硫醇金屬錯合物之熱塑性塑膠。EP 60703 1與 JP 06240146描述包含IR吸收性酞青素金屬錯合物的熱塑性 塑膠。JP 6 1 008 1 1 3揭示可施加於鑲嵌玻璃之IR吸收性黏 著箔。JP 56129243與EP 19097揭示由甲基丙烯酸甲酯所 φ 構成之塑膠板，其包含有機磷酸銅錯合物作爲IR吸收體 〇 WO 01/18101描述包含IR吸收性染料之模製組成物 。該模製組成物尤其適用於製造具有空腔或是雙重或多重 網夾層板，且彼等亦可隨意地具有一或多層共擠壓層。在 此種設計中，整體模製物包含該IR吸收性顏料。這具有 所吸收之熱會加熱整體塑膠結構且該熱係以全方向非特定 性地散逸的缺點。 WO 03/01 3 849描述具有低熱傳導率以及具有在近紅 200950965 外線區中之高透光率與吸收率的塑膠結構。該等塑膠 係由基底模製物所組成，該基底模製物係從透明熱塑 底材料所製造並由至少兩層藉由垂直或斜列排列之帶 此連接的相對薄板層，其中該等薄板層之一具有由透 底材料所製之塑膠基質所構成的額外層，此基底模製 特徵係該額外層爲IR吸收層，該IR吸收層包含一或 不會減損該塑膠結構之透明度且在近紅外線輻射區 nm至1100 nm)中之平均透射率低於80%的IR吸收 該塑膠結構的透光率（D65)爲15至86%，其熱傳 爲4W/m2K或更低，且其SI爲1.15或更高。 【發明內容】 發明目的與目的之達成200950965 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a translucent sandwich panel comprising a pigment having high scattering power and high light transmittance, and also relates to reducing IR radiation levels, and relating to their panels as roofs or inlays Use of materials for glass (especially for greenhouses) [Prior Art] A transparent IR absorbing structure composed of plastic has been described in many patent specifications. EP 92774 1 describes thermoplastic plastics comprising a copper dithiocarbamate compound which can be injection molded. JP 1 0 1 57023 discloses thermoplastics comprising an IR-absorbing metal condensate of a dithiol. EP 60703 1 and JP 06240146 describe thermoplastic plastics comprising an IR absorbing anthraquinone metal complex. JP 6 1 008 1 1 3 discloses an IR absorbing adhesive foil which can be applied to a mosaic glass. JP 56129243 and EP 19097 disclose a plastic sheet composed of methyl methacrylate φ comprising an organic copper phosphate complex as an IR absorber. WO 01/18101 describes a molding composition comprising an IR absorbing dye. The molded composition is particularly useful for making voided or double or multiple mesh sandwich panels, and they may optionally have one or more coextruded layers. In this design, the integral molding contains the IR absorbing pigment. This has the disadvantage that the absorbed heat will heat the overall plastic structure and the heat system will dissipate non-specifically in all directions. WO 03/01 3 849 describes a plastic structure having a low thermal conductivity and having a high light transmittance and absorption in the near red 200950965 outer line region. The plastics are comprised of a base molding made from a transparent thermoplastic base material and having a relatively thin layer of at least two layers joined by vertical or oblique rows, wherein One of the sheet layers has an additional layer of a plastic substrate made of a primer material, the base molding feature being an IR absorbing layer that contains or does not detract from the transparency of the plastic structure and IR absorption in the near-infrared radiation region of nm to 1100 nm) is less than 80%. The light absorption (D65) of the plastic structure is 15 to 86%, and the heat transfer is 4 W/m2K or lower, and SI is 1.15 or higher. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object and object of the invention are achieved
因此，本發明意欲提供半透明且具有引人注目之 的塑膠結構。同時，本發明意欲藉由容許光合活性輻 PAR 400-700 nm)通過該塑膠結構而利用太陽能同時 因過量近IR輻射（NIR)而造成之過熱。PAR/NIR 欲爲< 1。 該目的藉由半透明板而達成，該半透明板係由透 塑性塑膠所構成之實心薄板或雙重或多重網夾層板所 ，其包含具有高透光率同時減少太陽光譜之IR含量 nm至1100 nm)的光散射顏料粒子。 已發現使用光散射顏料粒子，且若適當，亦使用 損該塑膠結構之透明度的IR吸收體可理想地利用太 結構 性基 而彼 明基 物之 多種 :780 mar 體， 係數 色調 射（ 避免 比係 明熱 構成 ：780 不減 陽能 -6- 200950965 來使植物生長。該光散射顏料粒子致使導入足夠的光合活 性輻射（PAR)，但同時作爲IR反射體。此等IR反射體 與可能已添加之任何IR吸收體的效用爲只有大幅減少之 量的近紅外線可通過該實心薄板或夾層板，因此致使太陽 能實質上較不會加熱非面對太陽之側。 本發明之一特別具體實例與根據WO 03 /0 1 3 849的習 知塑膠結構之差異在於亦存在由碳黑與著色劑所組成的混 0 合物，因此該塑膠結構的色調爲引人注目的灰色。雖然與 WO 03/0 1 3 849相比，該方法導致SI低於1. 15，但在實際 條件下之測試意外地顯示出曝露於光時該塑膠結構背面的 溫度上升（溫室效應）減少與根據WO 03/0 1 3 849之塑膠 結構中之減少相近。因此，本發明係以下述的發現爲基礎 ，即根據DIN 675 0 7之選擇指數（SI)在包含IR吸收體 且欲展現降低之溫室效應的塑膠結構的發展上係爲適用性 受限的控制變數。在降低溫室效應上比SI更適合的指導 φ 變數可爲總能量穿透係數g ( DIN 67507 )或習知的「太 陽熱負荷係數」（Solar Heat Gain Coefficient，SHGC, ISO 15099)。此二變數具有相對良好的相關性（g = 0.86 X g )。不過，g或SHGC亦可能沒有完全反映出所認知的 整體結果。當與非本發明之板進行比較時，本發明之實心 薄板或者雙重或多重網板的透射率下降顯著，但總能量穿 透係數僅梢微降低。儘管如此，本發明之塑膠結構對於其 透射光的無成見觀看者而言顯得意外地亮。 200950965 【實施方式】 發明之實施 本發明提供具有特別簡單之構造的實心薄板或雙重或 多重網夾層板。根據本發明，對傳統實心薄板或雙重或多 重網板設置光散射顏料，且若適當，亦設置IR吸收體層 。結果分別是反射與太陽能的吸收，導致非面對太陽之夾 層板側的熱能量減少。因此，本發明之實心薄板或雙重或 多重網夾層板亦具有熱絕緣物的作用。 在該雙重或多重網板內部導入功能層之另一優點係該 層具有耐候性與機械效應防護。 本發明之板可理想地直接用作溫室的防護覆蓋物或用 作半透明屋頂的任何其他形式。 本發明提供具有顏料粒子的實心薄板或者雙重或多重 網夾層板’其中彼等顏料粒子發出光合活性輻射且吸收實 質部分之在0.7至1·5μηι範圍內的近紅外線（NIR)。 本發明亦提供由透明熱塑性塑膠所組成的實心薄板或 者雙重或多重網夾層板，其包含一或多種不會減損該塑膠 結構之透明度且在近紅外線輻射範圍（780 nm至1 100 nm )中之平均透射率低於8 0% (較佳爲低於7 5 % )的IR吸 收體。 亦可以存在由碳黑或由著色劑所組成的混合物，使得 該塑膠結構或若適當。僅該塑膠結構的某些區的色調爲灰 色，此係根據CIELab色空間，在L*値相當於所述透光率 範圍內，例如L*在10至75或30至75之範圍，以及 -8- 200950965 a* = +/- 5.0，較佳爲- 5.0 至- 0.5，特佳爲- 3.0 至·2·0 ，且 b* = +/-5.0，較佳爲1.〇至5.0’特佳爲3.0至4_5。 該塑膠結構的SI小於1 · 1 5，特別是小於1 · 1，例如爲 1.0至1.1或若適當，爲0.8至1.1。 化學產業（如玻璃產業）主要使用雙色系統或色空間 以反映有色塑膠或有色玻璃之感覺效果。此等係標準色圖 H 與CIELab色空間，且於DIN 503 3第2、3與7部分及 DIN5〇36第1部分中有詳細說明。 與二維標準色圖相比，CIELab色空間容許進行顏色 比較以及測量與設定點之色差。此處的變數L*提供明度 且大約與待測量之塑膠結構的透射程度相關。在1 〇至7 5 範圍中之L*大約與15至70%之透光率（D65)相關。變 數a*提供從紅至綠色標度之顏色，且變數b*提供從黃至 藍色標度之顏色。因此在1〇至75，a* = +/- 5.0且b* = Q +/- 5.0之範圍中或同等的色空間L*表示色調爲灰色的塑 膠結構。視a*與b*之位置而定，該灰色調可具有少許（ 淡）紅、綠、黃或藍色，或若a*與b* = 0，其可爲完全 中性色。 該塑膠結構的透光率（D65，DIN 67 507;對日光（ 標準光源 D65)的透光率E]D65，亦參見例如 DIN 5033/5036)可爲15至70，較佳爲25至50%。 本發明之板係利用具有空腔的板而實現，特別是雙重 網夾層板、多重網夾層板，及特別是三重網夾層板或四重 -9- 200950965 網夾層板。 該具有空腔的板係由至少兩層非固定連接及/或藉由 共擠壓或藉由層壓或藉由塗漆而固定連接之層所組成。 具有空腔之板或夾層板係由兩層藉由垂直或斜列排列 之帶而彼此連接的相對薄板層（該上層和下層外部網）所 組成。該薄板層較佳係相對且彼此平行。例如，在雙重網 夾層板中，兩層平行相對網層（即該上層網和下層網）與 適當帶一同存在。三重網夾層板還具有與該上層和下層網 @ 平行排列的中間層網。與上層和下層網不同的是，中間層 網係在板的內部。在格狀夾層板中，帶的排列可至少某種 程度地斜列。 在實心薄板的情況中，顏料粒子的位置較佳係在共擠 壓層中，且在雙重或多重網板之情況中，較佳係在藉由共 擠壓、層壓及/或塗漆而施加之上疊層中。此層可以但不 一定包含碳黑與著色劑。 任何所使用之IR吸收體的位置較有利係位於藉由共 © 擠壓、層壓及/或塗漆而施加之上疊層中。此層可以但不 一定包含碳黑與著色劑。 在多層塑膠結構的情況中，較佳係顏料粒子與任何所 使用之IR吸收體的位置係在一層中，例如在內部的薄共 擠壓層中，而碳黑與著色劑之位置係在另一層中，特別是 在位於其下的基底模製物中。 另一較佳具體實例係具有空腔之板，特別是雙重網夾 層板或多重網夾層板，特別是三重網夾層板或四重網夾層 -10- 200950965 板，其中該等網之一或若適當其二者以及其餘部分已經共 擠壓，且其中至少一經共擠壓之網包含IR吸收體，亦包 含碳黑與著色劑。該夾層板的其餘部分可爲例如無色，或 可以包含碳黑或碳黑與著色劑，以便提供均勻的感知色。 此處之夾層板特佳係由耐衝擊性經改良之聚（甲基）丙烯 酸酯。整體外部網的共擠壓具有該層強度或厚度充足（例 如0.5至2 mm)的優點，以容許使用熔融黏度和用作基 φ 底模製物者相同或大約相同之塑膠模製組成物，獲得在擠 壓模中之良好分布。特別是，可將相同塑膠模製組成物用 於此二層。在由耐衝擊性經改良聚（甲基）丙烯酸酯所製 成之夾層板中，這具有該共擠壓之網層的耐冰雹撞擊性不 低於基底模製物的優點。基於熔體在擠壓模中之分布的理 由’此點對於需要使用低黏度模製組成物的極薄共擠壓層 而言是必要的。 所存在之顏料粒子與任何IR吸收層的放置較佳可能 ❹ 性包括一或二網的連續共擠壓內塗層。EP 1 270 1 76 A揭 示供夾層板之網區域的內塗層用之適當擠壓模。 夾層板的慣用尺寸爲： 夾層板中之上層與下層網的厚度：約0.4至3 mm。 夾層板中之中間網與帶的厚度··約0.1至2 mm。 長度：至多達約6000 mm或更長（若需要可適當裁 切長度） 材料 -11 - 200950965 該實心薄板或夾層板基本上由透明熱塑性基底材料組 成，該基底材料可爲例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、耐衝擊性經 改良之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（詳見例如EP-A 0 733 754 )、 聚碳酸酯（支鏈或直鏈聚碳酸酯）、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、經乙二醇改質之聚對苯二 甲酸乙二酯、聚氯乙烯、透明聚烯烴（例如可經由茂金屬 催化之聚合作用所製備者），或丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ ABS)。其亦可由多種熱塑性塑膠之組合或混合物（摻合 物）所組成。 透明熱塑性材料或者無顏料粒子、IR吸收體、碳黑 與著色劑之塑膠基底材料的透光率（D65 )實例爲15至 9 2，較佳爲6 5至9 0 %。 在某些應用中，例如若目的在於消除極強太陽輻射的 眩光效應，可於該透明熱塑性基底材料中添加例如另外的 散射劑，諸如BaS04，其量爲例如〇.5至5重量％，或其 他光散射劑，例如光散射珠，如此使原有之透明塑膠具有 光散射與半透明性。 光散射珠可添加之濃度爲例如0.1至3 0重量％，較佳 爲0.5至10重量％。舉例來說，由甲基丙烯酸甲酯和苯乙 烯或甲基丙烯酸苯甲酯的共聚物所製成之經交聯光散射珠 已從例如 DE 35 28 165 C2、EP 570 782 B1 或 EP 656 548 A2而知，且彼等特別適用於由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯所製成 的基底模製物。 200950965 顔料粒子 功能性顏料係實際上不溶於所用介質且係由粒子所組 成的物質，而且其係用作著色劑或者因其具有避免腐蝕、 磁性、電氣性質或電磁性質而被使用。除了慣用功能性顏 料’已經發展以基板上之層原則爲基礎的新穎顏料並將之 導入市場。本文大部分情況中所使用的基板爲呈小薄片形 式的雲母，而該雲母小片上之層係由提供功能性質的金屬 φ 氧化物所組成。Merck，Darmstadt銷售多種以雲母爲底質 的顏料。SolarflairTM系列顏料能反射熱。其反射陽光內的 非可見熱輻射，但光的可見部分可穿透。較佳係使用 SolarflairTM類顏料，特佳係使用solarflair 9870。顏料之 用量爲 0.625 至 12.5 g/m2。 IR吸收層 內部薄層的層厚度在例如2至250 μιη之範圍。共擠 〇 壓層之層厚度較佳係在5至250 μπι之範圍，較佳爲20至 150 μιη’特別是50至125 μηι。層壓層之層厚度較佳係在 10至250 μπι之範圍，較佳爲1〇至1〇〇 μιη。塗漆層之層 厚度較佳係在2至50 μιη之範圍，較佳爲5至25 μιη。 IR吸收層可另外包含一般濃度（例如0.1至15重量 % )之UV吸收劑，以便防護該iR吸收體與塑膠基質因 UV輻射所致之降解。該UV吸收劑可爲揮發性低分子量 UV吸收劑、低揮發性高分子量UV吸收劑，或可共聚之 U V吸收劑（詳見例如E P 0 3 5 9 6 2 2 B 1 )。 -13- 200950965 IR吸收層的塑膠基質係由可爲熱塑性、熱彈性或經 交聯材料之透明塑膠基底材料所組成。組成該IR吸收層 之塑膠基底材料的透明熱塑性基底材料種類較佳係與亦組 成該基底模製物者相同，例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、耐衝擊 性經改良之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚碳酸酯（支鏈或直鏈聚 碳酸酯）、聚苯乙烯、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯或丙烯腈·丁 二烯-苯乙烯（ABS )。 此處之基底模製物可以例如由一種塑膠種類（例如聚 甲基丙烯酸甲酯）的相對較高黏度變體所組成，且此處之 塑膠基質可以由同一種類塑膠的較低黏度變體所組成，例 如較低黏度聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯，例如對於共擠壓具有特別 良好適用性者。 視所使用之IR吸收體而定，IR吸收體之存在提供外 層及因此整體塑膠結構呈綠色至呈藍色的藍綠色外觀。在 需要消除或緩和此感知色的情況下，可添加其量爲〇.5至 5重量％之光散射顏料，例如白色顏料，例如硫酸鋇。因 光係經散射之故’此具有緩和透射之陽光的眩光效應之技 術優點。若適當’可添加染料以獲致感知色之補償。 在某些應用中’例如若目的係欲消除極強太陽輻射的 眩光效應’可於該額外層之透明塑膠基底材料中添加散射 劑’諸如BaS〇4 ’或其他光散射劑，例如光散射珠，如此 使原有之透明塑膠具有光散射與半透明性。 在包含·一層IR吸收層之透明塑膠所製成的額外層上 ’若適當’亦可有〜或多層由塑膠所製成的其他層，較佳 200950965 係由例如經共擠壓、塗漆或層壓之透明塑膠製成。在此情 況中，IR吸收層並非在外部而是在塑膠結構的外層中。 該（等）其他層可具有多種功能，例如IR吸收層之機械 性防護，例如呈抗刮塗層、防塗鴉塗層、UV吸收劑層、 含顏料層之形式，以供產生感知色等等。該等其他層之層 厚度較佳係在2至200 μηι之範圍，較佳爲5至60 μιη。 舉例來說’在由聚碳酸酯所製成之夾層板的情況中， φ 亦可在IR吸收層上施加額外（例如共擠壓）層，該層包 含UV吸收劑並避免聚碳酸酯過早風化（由具有額外UV 吸收劑層之聚碳酸酯所組成的夾層板係從例如ΕΡ 0 359 622 Β 1得知）。該UV吸收劑可爲揮發性低分子量UV吸 收劑、低揮發性高分子量UV吸收劑，或可共聚合之UV 吸收劑，且例如在層厚度爲2至100 μιη範圍中之層中的 存在濃度可爲在例如0 · 0 1至1 5重量％之範圍。 〇 IR吸收體 使用適合本發明實施之IR吸收化合物作爲多種熱塑 性塑膠的添加劑原則上已爲人所知（詳見先前技術）。 額外層包含不減損塑膠結構之透明度的IR吸收體。 這意指該塑膠結構在其所包含的IR吸收體之存在下仍保 持澄淨與透明。其原因可能是IR吸收體係準溶解（quasisoluble) 於該 額外層 之塑膠基質中 ，或已 經交聯 。由 於可 溶性IR吸收體具有相對高分子量，所以通常不會發生遷 移至位於下方（或若適當，位於上方）之塑膠層的現象。 -15- 200950965 IR吸收體可爲有機磷酸銅（II )化合物。舉例來說， 較佳係可從4重量份之磷酸甲基丙烯醯氧基乙酯（M0EP )與1重量份之碳酸銅（II) (CCB)所獲得之有機磷酸 銅（II)化合物。 舉例來說，例如JP 56 1 29243或EP 1 9097中所述之 有機磷酸銅（II )錯合物亦適用。此等化合物可以例如用 作由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯所組成之漆層之聚合作用中的共聚 單體。憑藉該等共聚單體的交聯作用，它們同時提供提高 之塑膠表面抗刮性。 該IR吸收體可爲酞青素衍生物。較佳係諸如專利EP 607 031與JP 06240146中所述之酞青素衍生物。 IR吸收體可爲茈衍生物，或例如夸特綸四羧酸醯亞 胺（quaterrylenetetracarbonimide)化合物，如描述於例 如EP 596 292中者。 較佳係非交聯化合物，原因係彼等化合物適於例如共 擠壓法或適於應用在溶劑蒸發之後自行固化的非聚合性漆 。使用預製箔藉由層壓作用施加IR吸收層具有該箔之製 造過程通常容許相對均勻層厚度分布的優點。藉由層壓作 用施加並包含IR吸收體的箔層大多數比相應的共擠壓之 層均句。具有高分子量之IRK收體或共聚合IRK收體具 有特別抗遷移的優點，即當曝露於高製造溫度或高使用溫 度時或當使用時間拉長時，實際上未顯示出遷移至位於下 方（或若適當，位於上方）之塑膠層的現象。 上述IR吸收體類型在共擠壓或層壓塑膠基質中的存 -16- 200950965 在濃度可爲例如0.0 1至5重量％，較佳爲〇. 〇 5至2，特 別是〇 . 1至〇 . 5重量％。 在聚合漆系統中，濃度可例如根據乾燥漆重量計爲 0.1至5重量％。 在非聚合漆系統中，濃度可爲例如根據乾燥漆重量計 係0.2至5重量％。 較佳IR吸收體係六硼化鑭（LaB6 )。此IR吸收體即 Q 使在極低濃度下亦有效。 六硼化鑭（LaB6)可存在之濃度爲例如0.0005至0.1 ，較佳爲0.005至0.08重量％。可包含約10至30重量％ 之六硼化鑭、15至35重量％之氧化銷與40至60重量％ 之有機分散劑的市售六硼化鑭製劑適用於本發明目的。 選擇指數（SI，T/g，根據DIN 67 507測量） 透光率（T )對總能量穿透水準（g )之比小於1.15 〇 ，特別是小於1 .1，例如爲1. 〇至1 .1，或若適當，爲〇. 8 至1.1。該總能量穿透水準（g)說明存在於通過該結構的 陽光中之能量比例。其係由直接透射輻射與經由吸收所產 生之熱含量所組成。若該結構係由至少兩層分別經由空氣 室熱解偶的實心層所組成，則可獲致高度熱絕緣。在夾層 板的情況中，有彼此黏合的薄帶。IR吸收層較佳係由黏 附於基底材料且係由透明塑膠所組成並包含一或多種IR 吸收化合物的覆層所組成。IR吸收化合物的濃度與該覆 層的層厚度之選擇較佳係例如使在780至1100 nm範圍中 -17- 200950965 的吸收最大値爲至少2 5 %，特別是至少5 0 %。在7 8 0至 1 1 00 nm範圍中之平均吸收率可例如較佳爲至少1 〇，特佳 爲至少20，特別是至少25%。在多重網夾層板的情況中 ，根據DIN 526 1 2的熱傳係數可以小於或等於4，較佳爲 3 至 1 .5 W/m2K。 用途 本發明之透明實心薄板或者雙重或多重網夾層板可用 作鑲嵌玻璃元件、屋頂用元件或熱絕緣元件。與耐用年限 爲2至4年之植物裁種用著色箔不同的是，本發明的實心 薄板或夾層板可用於溫室結構。藉由使用適當添加劑可進 一步提高此等板的使用壽命。由R6hm，Darmstadt銷售之 RESIST®夾層板展現提高之耐候性。ALLTOP®夾層板具 有避免水滴形成的表面，且其同樣增長該等夾層板在園藝 應用上的使用壽命。根據本發明，具有耐候性或具有避免 水滴生成之表面的夾層板係以solarflair™顏料予以處 理以提供PAR/NIR比>1之半透明板。 發明之優點 在太陽輻射中之光所代表的能量比例爲約5 0 %，U V 輻射之比例爲約5%，而約45%係由NIR輻射構成。這三 種輻射都會造成鑲嵌玻璃空間的加熱。先前技術的熱絕緣 鑲嵌玻璃係以反射或吸收太陽輻射爲基礎。 簡單系統經由減少太陽輻射全區（ 300 nm至2500 nm -18- 200950965 )中的輻射透射而降低總能量穿透水準。碳黑顏料吸收此 區中之輻射，因而視層厚度與濃度而降低總能量穿透水準 。然而，其同樣會降低透光率。因此，該等系統中說明透 光率對總能量穿透水準之比的選擇指數不大於標準鑲嵌玻 璃中之選擇指數，或在碳黑顏料的情況中實際上較差。不 過，高選擇指數有利於諸如溫室之應用。高選擇指數係經 由在380 nm至780 nm之可見光波長區中之選擇性高透射 ❹ 率以及屏蔽IR輻射（> 780 nm)和UV輻射（< 380 nm) 而獲致。反射系統係經由干擾而產生此選擇性。具有不同 折射率之層係氣相沉積於表面上，層厚度在次微米範圍， 或者使用本身包含此種類型干擾層之顏料。氣相沉積於表 面上在技術上來說極爲複雜，而使用該顏料則導致嚴重輻 射散射，伴隨透明度減少。吸收劑系統使用在可見光區僅 具有極低吸收率但在NIR區具有高吸收率的物質。此等 系統的缺點係所吸收的輻射會加熱鑲嵌玻璃系統。鑲嵌玻 ❿ 璃係曝露於由UV輻射、可見光輻射與NIR輻射所組成的 入射太陽輻射。可見光區中之輻射的實質部分會透射。由 鑲嵌玻璃所吸收之輻射含量呈長波熱輻射形式向外散逸（ qa) ’且極少程度向內散逸（qi)。由於本發明對於對流 條件之利用’向外散逸的熱實質上多於向內散逸者。 向空間內散逸的長波熱輻射部分促成總能量穿透水準 '本發明的另一優點係該塑膠結構爲容易製造的。共擠壓 法可提供使具有低K値之多重網夾層板直接具有包含IR 吸收體之外層的連續方法。 -19- 200950965 透光率水準，總能量穿透水準與選擇指數 透光率水準與總能量穿透水準係視外層中之IR吸收 體性質、濃度與層厚度而定，亦視基底物件而定。適當的 透光率水準係視其應用而定。在溫室中，由於直接影響產 率，故透光率水準應極高。另一方面，極低總能量穿透水 準對於走道的屋頂或空調建築物中之大面積鑲嵌玻璃而言 極爲重要。在外層另外添加碳黑顏料或其他可吸收可見光 @ 區和NIR區中輻射的著色劑可以更進一步降低透光率， 並相同程度地降低總能量穿透水準。最小透光率應爲約至 少30%。若以未上色雙重網夾層板用作基底物件，最高透 光率可至多達86%。若使用未經塗覆夾層板，選擇指數爲 約1，且在本發明單側經塗覆系統上已測得相似量値之SI 値。 舉例而言，塑膠結構的形狀係由至少兩層經由垂直或 斜列排列之帶黏合之平行塑膠層所組成的多重網夾層板之 q 形狀。兩個外薄板的典型厚度爲0.2 mm至5 mm，較佳爲 0.5 mm至3 mm。存在之任何內薄板的典型厚度爲〇.〇5 mm至2 mm，較佳爲0.1 mm至1 mm。爲了獲致有效熱絕 緣，此等薄板之間的距離應爲至少1mm，較佳爲大於4 mm。帶厚度應爲 〇·2 mm至5 mm，較佳爲0.5 mm至3 mm。 適當的帶間隔爲5 mm至150 mm，較佳爲10 mm 至80 mm。整體物件的形狀應使得根據DIN 52619之熱傳 係數小於4 W/m2K ’較佳係小於3 W/m2K。該基底材料係 -20- 200950965 由透明塑膠組成，且適用於本目的之材料實例爲聚甲基丙 烯酸甲酯、耐衝擊性經改良之聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（詳見例 如ΕΡ-Α 0 733 754)、聚碳酸酯（支鏈或直鏈聚碳酸酯） 、聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈、聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、經 乙二醇改質之聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚氯乙烯、透明聚烯 烴（例如可經由茂金屬催化之聚合作用所製備者）或丙烯 腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS )。其亦可由多種熱塑性塑膠之 φ 混合物（摻合物）所組成。就本發明目的而言，聚甲基丙 烯酸甲酯係硬性非晶塑膠，其係由至少60重量％，較佳 爲至少80重量％之甲基丙烯酸甲酯所組成。聚碳酸酯主 要爲雙酚（特別是雙酚A)之芳族聚碳酸酯。 碳黑與著色劑 較佳係使用平均粒子大小在1〇至20 μιη之範圍內的 碳黑，特佳係使用顏料黑。 〇 較佳爲碳黑接受在650至75 0 nm波長範圍中吸收最 大値小於在250至<650 nm波長範圍之著色劑的添加。 該著色劑不同於與所用之IR吸收體，且本身一般並 非IR吸收性。任何可與IR吸收體及碳黑一起獲致該塑膠 結構或該塑膠結構之有色部分在L* = 10至75，a* = +/· 5.0且b* = +/- 5.0之CIELab色空間的適當灰色調的著色 劑都可單獨或混合使用。可能之著色劑實例係得自市售染 料類 Thermoplast® ( BASF ) 、Macrolex® ( Bayer ) 'Accordingly, the present invention is intended to provide a translucent and attractive plastic structure. At the same time, the present invention is intended to utilize solar energy while overheating due to excessive near-IR radiation (NIR) by allowing the photosynthetic active radiation PAR 400-700 nm) to pass through the plastic structure. PAR/NIR wants to be < 1. The object is achieved by a translucent sheet consisting of a solid sheet of plastic-transparent plastic or a double or multiple mesh sandwich panel comprising an IR content having a high light transmission while reducing the solar spectrum from nm to 1100. Light scattering pigment particles of nm). It has been found that the use of light-scattering pigment particles, and if appropriate, IR absorbers which impair the transparency of the plastic structure, can ideally utilize a variety of structurally-based radicals: 780 mar bodies, coefficient-tone shots (avoidance ratios) The composition of the heat: 780 does not reduce the yang-6- 200950965 to grow the plant. The light-scattering pigment particles cause the introduction of sufficient photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), but at the same time as an IR reflector. These IR reflectors may have been added The effect of any IR absorber is that only a substantially reduced amount of near-infrared light can pass through the solid sheet or sandwich panel, thus causing the solar energy to be substantially less heated than the side facing the sun. A particular embodiment and basis of the present invention The difference in the conventional plastic structure of WO 03 /0 1 3 849 is that there is also a mixture of carbon black and a coloring agent, so that the color tone of the plastic structure is striking gray. Although with WO 03/0 Compared with 1 3 849, this method results in SI being less than 1.15, but the test under actual conditions unexpectedly shows an increase in the temperature of the back side of the plastic structure when exposed to light (greenhouse) The reduction is similar to the reduction in the plastic structure according to WO 03/0 1 3 849. Therefore, the invention is based on the finding that the selection index (SI) according to DIN 675 0 7 contains an IR absorber and The development of plastic structures that exhibit a reduced greenhouse effect is a control variable with limited applicability. The guiding φ variable that is more suitable than SI for reducing the greenhouse effect can be the total energy penetration coefficient g (DIN 67507) or conventionally known. "Solar Heat Gain Coefficient" (SHGC, ISO 15099). These two variables have a relatively good correlation (g = 0.86 X g ). However, g or SHGC may not fully reflect the perceived overall results. The transmittance of the solid sheet or the double or multiple screen of the present invention is significantly reduced when compared with the sheet of the present invention, but the total energy penetration coefficient is only slightly reduced. However, the plastic structure of the present invention is The unobtrusive viewer of the transmitted light appears to be unexpectedly bright. 200950965 [Embodiment] The invention provides a solid sheet or a double with a particularly simple construction. Multiple mesh sandwich panels. According to the invention, light scattering pigments are provided for conventional solid sheets or double or multiple screens, and if appropriate, IR absorber layers are also provided. The result is absorption and solar absorption, respectively, resulting in a non-facing sun layer. The thermal energy on the side of the plate is reduced. Therefore, the solid sheet or the double or multiple mesh sandwich panel of the present invention also functions as a thermal insulator. Another advantage of introducing a functional layer inside the double or multiple stencil is that the layer has weather resistance. Protection from mechanical effects. The panels of the present invention are desirably used directly as a protective covering for a greenhouse or as any other form of translucent roof. The present invention provides a solid sheet having pigment particles or a double or multiple mesh sandwich panel wherein the pigment particles emit photosynthetically active radiation and absorb near-infrared rays (NIR) in the range of 0.7 to 1.5 μm. The present invention also provides a solid sheet or a double or multiple mesh sandwich panel composed of a transparent thermoplastic plastic comprising one or more layers that do not detract from the transparency of the plastic structure and are in the near infrared radiation range (780 nm to 1 100 nm). An IR absorber having an average transmittance of less than 80% (preferably less than 75%). Mixtures of carbon black or of a color former may also be present such that the plastic structure or, if appropriate. Only some areas of the plastic structure have a hue of gray, depending on the CIELab color space, where L*値 corresponds to the range of light transmittance, such as L* in the range of 10 to 75 or 30 to 75, and - 8- 200950965 a* = +/- 5.0, preferably - 5.0 to -0.5, especially preferably - 3.0 to ·2·0, and b* = +/-5.0, preferably 1.〇 to 5.0' Good for 3.0 to 4_5. The plastic structure has an SI of less than 1 · 15 , in particular less than 1 · 1, for example from 1.0 to 1.1 or, if appropriate, from 0.8 to 1.1. The chemical industry (such as the glass industry) mainly uses a two-color system or color space to reflect the sensation of colored plastic or colored glass. These are standard color maps H and CIELab color spaces and are described in detail in sections 2, 3 and 7 of DIN 503 3 and in DIN 5〇 36 part 1. Compared to the 2D standard color map, the CIELab color space allows color comparison and measurement of the color difference from the set point. The variable L* here provides brightness and is approximately related to the degree of transmission of the plastic structure to be measured. L* in the range of 1 〇 to 7 5 is approximately related to a light transmittance (D65) of 15 to 70%. The variable a* provides the color from the red to green scale, and the variable b* provides the color from the yellow to blue scale. Therefore, in the range of 1 〇 to 75, a* = +/- 5.0 and b* = Q +/- 5.0 or equivalent color space L* represents a plastic structure in which the hue is gray. Depending on the position of a* and b*, the gray tone may have a little (light) red, green, yellow or blue, or if a* and b* = 0, it may be a completely neutral color. The light transmittance of the plastic structure (D65, DIN 67 507; light transmittance E] D65 for daylight (standard light source D65), see also DIN 5033/5036, for example, may be 15 to 70, preferably 25 to 50% . The panels of the present invention are realized using panels having cavities, particularly double mesh sandwich panels, multiple mesh sandwich panels, and in particular triple mesh sandwich panels or quadruple-9-200950965 mesh sandwich panels. The panel having the cavity is comprised of at least two layers that are non-fixedly joined and/or by co-extrusion or by lamination or by a layer that is fixedly attached by painting. The plate or sandwich panel having a cavity is composed of two layers of relatively thin plates (the upper layer and the lower outer layer) which are connected to each other by a belt arranged vertically or obliquely. The sheet layers are preferably opposite and parallel to one another. For example, in a dual mesh sandwich panel, two parallel opposing mesh layers (i.e., the upper and lower mesh layers) are present with the appropriate tape. The triple mesh sandwich panel also has an intermediate layer network arranged in parallel with the upper and lower webs @. Unlike the upper and lower layers, the intermediate layer is inside the board. In a lattice sandwich panel, the arrangement of the strips can be at least somewhat skewed. In the case of solid sheets, the position of the pigment particles is preferably in the coextruded layer, and in the case of double or multiple screens, preferably by co-extrusion, lamination and/or painting. Apply in the top stack. This layer may, but need not, contain carbon black and color former. The position of any IR absorber used is advantageously located in a laminate applied by co-extrusion, lamination and/or painting. This layer may, but need not, contain carbon black and color former. In the case of a multilayer plastic structure, it is preferred that the pigment particles are in a layer with any of the IR absorbers used, for example in an inner thin coextruded layer, while the position of the carbon black and the colorant is in another In a layer, especially in a base molding underneath. Another preferred embodiment is a plate having a cavity, in particular a double mesh sandwich panel or a multiple mesh sandwich panel, in particular a triple mesh sandwich panel or a quadruple mesh interlayer-10-200950965 panel, wherein one of the networks or if Suitably both, and the remainder, have been coextruded, and wherein at least one coextruded web comprises an IR absorber, also comprising carbon black and a color former. The remainder of the sandwich panel can be, for example, colorless, or can contain carbon black or carbon black with a color former to provide a uniform perceived color. The interlayer plate here is particularly excellent in impact-resistant poly(meth) acrylate. The co-extrusion of the integral outer web has the advantage of having sufficient strength or thickness (e.g., 0.5 to 2 mm) to permit the use of a plastic molding composition having the same or approximately the same melt viscosity as the base φ base molding. A good distribution in the extrusion die is obtained. In particular, the same plastic molding composition can be used for the two layers. In the sandwich panel made of the impact-resistant modified poly(meth) acrylate, this has the advantage that the coextruded mesh layer has no hail impact resistance of not less than the base molding. Based on the rationale for the distribution of the melt in the extrusion die, this is necessary for very thin co-extruded layers that require the use of low viscosity molding compositions. The placement of the pigment particles and any IR absorbing layers present may preferably include a continuous coextruded inner coating of one or two webs. EP 1 270 1 76 A discloses suitable extrusion dies for the inner coating of the web region of the sandwich panel. The conventional dimensions of the sandwich panel are: Thickness of the upper and lower webs in the sandwich panel: about 0.4 to 3 mm. The thickness of the intermediate web and the belt in the sandwich panel is about 0.1 to 2 mm. Length: up to about 6000 mm or longer (suitable length can be cut if necessary) Material-11 - 200950965 The solid sheet or sandwich panel consists essentially of a transparent thermoplastic substrate material, such as polymethyl methacrylate Modified polymethyl methacrylate with improved impact resistance (see, for example, EP-A 0 733 754), polycarbonate (branched or linear polycarbonate), polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile, Polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, transparent polyolefin (for example, prepared by metallocene catalyzed polymerization), or acrylonitrile - Butadiene-styrene (ABS). It may also consist of a combination or mixture (blend) of a plurality of thermoplastics. The light transmittance (D65) of the transparent thermoplastic material or the plastic base material of the non-pigmented particles, the IR absorber, the carbon black and the coloring agent is, for example, 15 to 92, preferably 65 to 90%. In certain applications, for example, if the aim is to eliminate the glare effect of very strong solar radiation, for example, an additional scattering agent, such as BaS04, may be added to the transparent thermoplastic substrate material in an amount of, for example, 〇5 to 5% by weight, or Other light scattering agents, such as light scattering beads, thus impart light scattering and translucency to the original transparent plastic. The light scattering beads may be added at a concentration of, for example, 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight. For example, crosslinked light-scattering beads made of a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and styrene or benzyl methacrylate have been obtained, for example, from DE 35 28 165 C2, EP 570 782 B1 or EP 656 548. Known by A2, and they are particularly suitable for use in a base molding made of polymethyl methacrylate. 200950965 Pigment Particles Functional pigments are substances which are practically insoluble in the medium used and which are composed of particles, and which are used as colorants or because they have corrosion, magnetic, electrical or electromagnetic properties. In addition to the conventional functional pigments, novel pigments based on the principle of layers on the substrate have been developed and introduced to the market. The substrate used in most of the cases herein is mica in the form of flakes, and the layer on the mica plate is composed of a metal φ oxide providing functional properties. Merck, Darmstadt sells a variety of mica-based pigments. SolarflairTM series of pigments reflect heat. It reflects non-visible thermal radiation in the sun, but the visible portion of the light can penetrate. SolarflairTM pigments are preferred, and solarflair 9870 is used. The amount of pigment used is from 0.625 to 12.5 g/m2. The layer thickness of the inner thin layer of the IR absorbing layer is, for example, in the range of 2 to 250 μm. The thickness of the coextruded layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 250 μm, preferably 20 to 150 μm, especially 50 to 125 μm. The layer thickness of the laminate layer is preferably in the range of 10 to 250 μm, preferably 1 to 1 μm. The thickness of the layer of the lacquer layer is preferably in the range of 2 to 50 μm, preferably 5 to 25 μm. The IR absorbing layer may additionally comprise a general concentration (e.g., 0.1 to 15% by weight) of a UV absorber to protect the iR absorber from the plastic matrix from degradation by UV radiation. The UV absorber may be a volatile low molecular weight UV absorber, a low volatility high molecular weight UV absorber, or a copolymerizable U V absorber (see, for example, E P 0 3 5 9 6 2 2 B 1 ). -13- 200950965 The plastic matrix of the IR absorbing layer consists of a transparent plastic substrate material that can be thermoplastic, thermoelastic or crosslinked. The type of transparent thermoplastic substrate material constituting the plastic base material of the IR absorbing layer is preferably the same as that of the base molding material, for example, polymethyl methacrylate, modified polymethyl methacrylate having impact resistance, Polycarbonate (branched or linear polycarbonate), polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The base molding herein may, for example, be composed of a relatively high viscosity variant of a plastic type (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate), and the plastic matrix herein may be made of a lower viscosity variant of the same type of plastic. Composition, such as lower viscosity polymethyl methacrylate, for example, has a particularly good applicability for co-extrusion. Depending on the IR absorber used, the presence of the IR absorber provides an outer layer and thus a green to bluish blue-green appearance of the overall plastic structure. In the case where it is desired to eliminate or alleviate this perceived color, a light-scattering pigment in an amount of 〇5 to 5% by weight, such as a white pigment such as barium sulfate, may be added. This has the technical advantage of mitigating the glare effect of the transmitted sunlight due to the scattering of the light system. If appropriate, dyes can be added to compensate for the perceived color. In some applications, for example, if the purpose is to eliminate the glare effect of extremely strong solar radiation, a scattering agent such as BaS〇4' or other light scattering agent such as light scattering beads may be added to the transparent plastic substrate material of the additional layer. Thus, the original transparent plastic has light scattering and translucency. On an additional layer made of a transparent plastic containing an IR absorbing layer, there may be ~ or more layers of other layers made of plastic, preferably 200950965, for example by co-extrusion, painting or Laminated in transparent plastic. In this case, the IR absorbing layer is not external but in the outer layer of the plastic structure. The other layers may have multiple functions, such as mechanical protection of the IR absorbing layer, such as in the form of a scratch resistant coating, an anti-graffiti coating, a UV absorber layer, a pigmented layer, for producing a perceived color, etc. . The thickness of the layers of the other layers is preferably in the range of 2 to 200 μm, preferably 5 to 60 μm. For example, in the case of a sandwich panel made of polycarbonate, φ can also apply an additional (eg coextruded) layer on the IR absorbing layer, which layer contains UV absorbers and avoids premature polycarbonate Weathering (a sandwich panel consisting of polycarbonate with an additional layer of UV absorber is known, for example, from ΕΡ 0 359 622 Β 1). The UV absorber may be a volatile low molecular weight UV absorber, a low volatility high molecular weight UV absorber, or a copolymerizable UV absorber, and is present, for example, in a layer having a layer thickness in the range of 2 to 100 μηη. It may be in the range of, for example, 0·01 to 15% by weight. 〇 IR Absorbers The use of IR absorbing compounds suitable for the practice of the present invention as additives for a variety of thermoplastic plastics is known in principle (see prior art). The additional layer contains an IR absorber that does not detract from the transparency of the plastic structure. This means that the plastic structure remains clear and transparent in the presence of the IR absorber it contains. The reason may be that the IR absorbing system is quasisoluble in the plastic matrix of the additional layer or has been crosslinked. Since the soluble IR absorber has a relatively high molecular weight, migration to a plastic layer located below (or, if appropriate, above) does not normally occur. -15- 200950965 The IR absorber can be an organic copper (II) phosphate compound. For example, an organic copper (II) phosphate compound obtainable from 4 parts by weight of methacrylic acid methoxyethyl ester (M0EP) and 1 part by weight of copper (II) carbonate (CCB) is preferred. For example, an organic copper (II) phosphate complex as described in JP 56 1 29243 or EP 1 9097 is also suitable. These compounds can be used, for example, as comonomers in the polymerization of a lacquer layer composed of polymethyl methacrylate. By virtue of the crosslinking of these comonomers, they also provide improved scratch resistance of the plastic surface. The IR absorber may be an anthraquinone derivative. Preferred are the anthraquinone derivatives described in the patents EP 607 031 and JP 06240146. The IR absorber can be an anthracene derivative or, for example, a quaterrylenetetracarbonimide compound, as described, for example, in EP 596 292. Non-crosslinking compounds are preferred because they are suitable, for example, for coextrusion or for non-polymeric lacquers which are self-curing after evaporation of the solvent. The use of prefabricated foil to apply an IR absorbing layer by lamination has the advantage that the manufacturing process of the foil generally allows for a relatively uniform layer thickness distribution. The foil layer applied by lamination and containing the IR absorber is mostly more than the corresponding coextruded layer. IRK inclusions or copolymerized IRK inclusions with high molecular weight have the advantage of being particularly resistant to migration, ie when exposed to high manufacturing temperatures or high service temperatures or when the use time is elongated, they do not actually show migration to the bottom ( Or if appropriate, the phenomenon of the plastic layer located above). The above-mentioned IR absorber type in the co-extruded or laminated plastic matrix may be, for example, 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 〇. 5 to 2, especially 〇. 1 to 存. . 5 wt%. In the polymeric lacquer system, the concentration can be, for example, from 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the weight of the dry lacquer. In the non-polymeric lacquer system, the concentration may be, for example, from 0.2 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the dry lacquer. A preferred IR absorption system, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6). This IR absorber, Q, is also effective at very low concentrations. Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) may be present at a concentration of, for example, 0.0005 to 0.1, preferably 0.005 to 0.08% by weight. Commercially available lanthanum hexaboride formulations which may comprise from about 10 to 30% by weight of lanthanum hexaboride, from 15 to 35% by weight of oxidized pin and from 40 to 60% by weight of organic dispersant are suitable for the purposes of the present invention. The selection index (SI, T/g, measured according to DIN 67 507) The ratio of the transmittance (T) to the total energy penetration level (g) is less than 1.15 〇, in particular less than 1.1, for example 1. 〇 to 1 .1 or, if appropriate, 〇. 8 to 1.1. This total energy penetration level (g) indicates the proportion of energy present in the sunlight passing through the structure. It consists of direct transmission of radiation and the heat content produced by absorption. If the structure consists of at least two layers of solid layers that are thermally decoupled via the air chamber, a high degree of thermal insulation can be achieved. In the case of a sandwich panel, there are thin strips bonded to each other. Preferably, the IR absorbing layer is comprised of a coating adhered to the substrate material and comprised of a transparent plastic and comprising one or more IR absorbing compounds. The concentration of the IR absorbing compound and the layer thickness of the coating are preferably selected such that, for example, the absorption -17-200950965 in the range of 780 to 1100 nm has a maximum enthalpy of at least 25%, especially at least 5%. The average absorption in the range of 780 to 1 00 nm may, for example, preferably be at least 1 Torr, particularly preferably at least 20, especially at least 25%. In the case of multiple mesh sandwich panels, the heat transfer coefficient according to DIN 526 1 2 may be less than or equal to 4, preferably from 3 to 1.5 W/m2K. Use The transparent solid sheet or double or multiple mesh sandwich panels of the present invention can be used as a mosaic glass component, a roofing component or a thermal insulation component. Unlike the colored foil for plant cutting with a durability of 2 to 4 years, the solid sheet or sandwich panel of the present invention can be used in a greenhouse structure. The life of these panels can be further improved by the use of suitable additives. The RESIST® sandwich panels sold by R6hm, Darmstadt show improved weatherability. ALLTOP® sandwich panels have surfaces that prevent water droplets from forming, and they also increase the useful life of these sandwich panels in horticultural applications. According to the present invention, a sandwich panel having weather resistance or a surface having water droplet avoidance is treated with solarflairTM pigment to provide a translucent sheet of PAR/NIR ratio >1. Advantages of the Invention The proportion of energy represented by light in solar radiation is about 50%, the ratio of U V radiation is about 5%, and about 45% is composed of NIR radiation. All three types of radiation cause heating of the inlaid glass space. Prior art thermally insulated inlaid glass systems are based on reflecting or absorbing solar radiation. The simple system reduces the total energy penetration level by reducing the radiation transmission in the entire solar radiation zone (300 nm to 2500 nm -18-200950965). The carbon black pigment absorbs the radiation in this zone and thus reduces the total energy penetration level by the thickness and concentration of the layer. However, it also reduces the light transmittance. Therefore, the selection index for the ratio of the transmittance to the total energy penetration level in these systems is not greater than the selection index in the standard inlaid glass, or is actually poor in the case of the carbon black pigment. However, high selection indices are beneficial for applications such as greenhouses. The high selection index is obtained by selective high transmission enthalpy in the visible wavelength region from 380 nm to 780 nm and shielding of IR radiation (> 780 nm) and UV radiation (< 380 nm). The reflection system produces this selectivity via interference. Layers having different refractive indices are vapor deposited on the surface, the layer thickness is in the submicron range, or a pigment which itself contains such an interference layer. Vapor deposition on the surface is technically extremely complex, and the use of this pigment results in severe radiation scattering with reduced transparency. The absorbent system uses a substance having only a very low absorption rate in the visible light region but a high absorption rate in the NIR region. The disadvantage of these systems is that the absorbed radiation heats the mosaic glass system. Inlaid glass is exposed to incident solar radiation consisting of UV radiation, visible radiation and NIR radiation. A substantial portion of the radiation in the visible region is transmitted. The amount of radiation absorbed by the inlaid glass is outwardly dissipated (qa)' in the form of long-wave thermal radiation and is dissipated to a small extent inward (qi). Since the present invention utilizes convective conditions, the heat dissipated outwardly is substantially more than the heat dissipated inwardly. The long-wave heat radiating portion that dissipates into the space contributes to the total energy penetration level. Another advantage of the present invention is that the plastic structure is easy to manufacture. The coextrusion process provides a continuous process for having multiple mesh sandwich panels with low K 直接 directly having an outer layer comprising an IR absorber. -19- 200950965 Transmittance level, total energy penetration level and selection index transmittance level and total energy penetration level depend on the IR absorber properties, concentration and layer thickness in the outer layer, depending on the substrate . The appropriate level of light transmission depends on its application. In the greenhouse, the light transmittance level should be extremely high due to the direct impact on the yield. On the other hand, extremely low total energy penetration levels are extremely important for large-area mosaics in aisle roofs or air-conditioned buildings. The addition of a carbon black pigment or other colorant that absorbs radiation in the visible region and the NIR region in the outer layer can further reduce the light transmittance and reduce the total energy penetration level to the same extent. The minimum light transmission should be at least 30%. If an uncolored double mesh sandwich panel is used as the base member, the maximum light transmittance can be as high as 86%. If an uncoated sandwich panel is used, the index of choice is about 1, and a similar amount of SI 値 has been measured on the one-sided coated system of the present invention. For example, the shape of the plastic structure is a q-shape of a multi-grid sandwich panel composed of at least two layers of parallel bonded plastic layers arranged in a vertical or oblique arrangement. The typical thickness of the two outer sheets is from 0.2 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 0.5 mm to 3 mm. A typical thickness of any inner sheet present is from 〇5 mm to 2 mm, preferably from 0.1 mm to 1 mm. In order to achieve effective thermal insulation, the distance between such sheets should be at least 1 mm, preferably greater than 4 mm. The tape thickness should be from 〇·2 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 0.5 mm to 3 mm. Suitable strip spacing is from 5 mm to 150 mm, preferably from 10 mm to 80 mm. The overall article is shaped such that the heat transfer coefficient according to DIN 52619 is less than 4 W/m2K', preferably less than 3 W/m2K. The base material is -20-200950965 which is composed of transparent plastic, and the material suitable for the purpose is polymethyl methacrylate and modified impact resistant polymethyl methacrylate (see, for example, ΕΡ-Α 0 733) 754), polycarbonate (branched or linear polycarbonate), polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate Ester, polyvinyl chloride, transparent polyolefin (for example, which can be prepared by metallocene-catalyzed polymerization) or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). It can also be composed of a mixture of φ of a variety of thermoplastics (blends). For the purposes of the present invention, polymethyl methacrylate is a rigid amorphous plastic which is composed of at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 80% by weight, of methyl methacrylate. Polycarbonate is primarily an aromatic polycarbonate of bisphenol (especially bisphenol A). The carbon black and the coloring agent are preferably carbon black having an average particle size in the range of 1 Torr to 20 μm, and particularly preferably pigment black. Preferably, the carbon black accepts the addition of a colorant having a maximum absorption in the wavelength range of 650 to 75 0 nm and a wavelength range of less than 250 to < 650 nm. This colorant differs from the IR absorber used and is generally not IR absorptive in nature. Any suitable CIELab color space for the plastic structure or the colored portion of the plastic structure with the IR absorber and carbon black at L* = 10 to 75, a* = +/· 5.0 and b* = +/- 5.0 Gray tone colorants can be used alone or in combination. Examples of possible colorants are obtained from commercially available dyes Thermoplast® (BASF) and Macrolex® (Bayer)'
Sandoplast® ( Clariant)或 Oracet® ( Ciba )。 -21 - 200950965 可添加之較佳著色劑爲Macro lex Green ®5B (以蒽醌 爲底質之綠色著色劑，色指數溶劑綠3( Colour Index Solvent Green 3))與 Plast Red® 8350 (以恵酷爲底質之 紅色著色劑，色指數分散紅22 ( Colour Index Disperse Red 22))。 碳黑與著色劑之總含量以使用彼上色的該塑膠結構層 計可爲0.001至0.15重量％，較佳爲0.05至0.1重量％。 實施例 實施例1 測試系統： 在由多種樣本板所提供之防護覆蓋物之下裁種植物， 並在相同條件下評估植物生長。所使用之樣本板包含雙重 網夾層板，該夾層板係由網中具有多種Solarflair™顏料 比例與多種混配料比例的PMMA所組成。結果整理於表1 表1 混配料比例 0% 0.2% 0.375% 網中之顏 料比例 0% 0.0225% 0.0422% 植物生長 繁殖區相對較大， 芽短’葉細小 繁殖區相對較小， 芽長，葉細小 繁殖區相對較大 ，芽長，葉大 -22-Sandoplast® ( Clariant) or Oracet® ( Ciba ). -21 - 200950965 The preferred colorant to be added is Macro lex Green ® 5B (green colorant based on hydrazine, Colour Index Solvent Green 3) and Plast Red® 8350 (by 恵A cool red colorant, Color Index Disperse Red 22). The total content of the carbon black and the color former may be from 0.001 to 0.15% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 0.1% by weight, based on the plastic structural layer colored. EXAMPLES Example 1 Test System: Plants were cut under protective coverings provided by various sample plates and plant growth was assessed under the same conditions. The sample plate used consisted of a double mesh sandwich panel consisting of PMMA with a variety of SolarflairTM pigment ratios and various compounding ratios in the mesh. The results are summarized in Table 1. Table 1 Mixing ratio 0% 0.2% 0.375% The proportion of pigment in the net 0% 0.0225% 0.0422% The plant growth and reproduction area is relatively large, the bud is short 'leaf small breeding area is relatively small, bud length, leaf The small breeding area is relatively large, the bud is long, and the leaf -22-