200949353 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種光電元件裝置’特別有關於一種 液晶控制的多區域光電開關元件裝置。 【先前技術】 光電閘或光電開關（electr〇-〇Ptical shutter)為控制光線 φ 通過與否的裝置。許多材料的物理性質，例如非線性晶體 (non-linear crystal)或液晶材料，即可應用於光電開關裝 置。典型的液晶顯示器的結構包括一上電極基板與一下電 極基板對向設置。一液晶層夾置於上、下電極基板之間。 藉由配向層與液晶層介面間的錯鍵力（anchoring force)造 成的配向作用及外加電場的效應，使液晶顯示器達到顯示 影像的功能。再者，由於其利用電場的作用使液晶層決定 光線的穿透與否，因此又具有光電開關的功能。 ❿ 傳統驅動液晶面板的方式可分為二大類：亦即被動式 驅動和主動式驅動。無論採用哪種驅動方式，皆須形成圖 案化電極。第1圖係顯示傳統的液晶光電開關的示意圖。 於第1圖中，傳統的液晶光電開關10為典型的8字型節段 (segment)驅動，其包括一下基板20具有一共同電極22於 其上。一上基板30具有圖案化的畫素電極節段32。一液 晶層（未繪示）夾置於上基板30與下基板20之間。每一個 電極節段32需要各別導線拉出，由電源控制器40分別控 制各電極節段32與共同電極22間的驅動電壓。 200949353 傳統的液晶光電開關元件因受限於 材料及製程’耗費相當大的製造成本。因此，；：電極的 種免除製作傳統圖案化晝素雷 蒹界企需一 降低材料及製造成本，並進L 、aa光電開關元件1 工進步拓展液晶元件的 【發明内容】 〜用領域。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a photovoltaic element device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal controlled multi-region photoelectric switching element device. [Prior Art] A photoelectric shutter or a photoelectric switch (electr〇-〇 Ptical shutter) is a device for controlling the passage of light φ. The physical properties of many materials, such as non-linear crystals or liquid crystal materials, can be applied to photoelectric switching devices. A typical liquid crystal display structure includes an upper electrode substrate disposed opposite the lower electrode substrate. A liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between the upper and lower electrode substrates. The liquid crystal display achieves the function of displaying images by the alignment effect caused by the anchoring force between the alignment layer and the liquid crystal layer interface and the effect of the applied electric field. Furthermore, since the liquid crystal layer determines the penetration of light by the action of the electric field, it has the function of a photoelectric switch. ❿ Traditional ways of driving LCD panels can be divided into two categories: passive and active. Regardless of the driving method used, a patterned electrode must be formed. Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional liquid crystal photoelectric switch. In Fig. 1, a conventional liquid crystal photoelectric switch 10 is a typical 8-shaped segment drive including a lower substrate 20 having a common electrode 22 thereon. An upper substrate 30 has a patterned pixel electrode segment 32. A liquid crystal layer (not shown) is interposed between the upper substrate 30 and the lower substrate 20. Each of the electrode segments 32 requires a separate wire to be pulled out, and the power supply controller 40 controls the driving voltage between each of the electrode segments 32 and the common electrode 22, respectively. 200949353 Traditional liquid crystal photoelectric switching elements are subject to considerable manufacturing costs due to material and process limitations. Therefore, the type of the electrode is exempted from the conventional patterning of the bismuth sulphate. The squadron needs to reduce the material and the manufacturing cost, and advance the L, aa photoelectric switching element to expand the liquid crystal element. [Summary]
本技藝揭露一種上層電極與下層電極 面電極’在兩片面電極之間的液 二大區域之平 晶安置於第-區域’反應於第 修舞狀態液 液晶安置於第二區域，反應於第_弟一修飾狀態 、弟一閥電壓；構成多區據本 電開關元件裝置，施加不同之電y褥珉夕&域光 壓時，便可以產生圖案變 化而允許紐在多㈣域依相成㈣或是不通過之效 果，或是改㈣的錢或是錢料的偏振之效果。 為使本發明能更明顯易懂，下文特舉實施例，並配合 所附圖式，作詳細說明如下： 【實施方式】 以下以各實施例並伴隨著圖式說明之範例，做為本發 明之參考依據。在圖式或說明書插述中，相似或相同之部 分皆使用相同之圖號。且在圖式中，實施例之形狀或是厚 度可擴大，並以簡化或疋方便標示。再者，圖式中各元件 之部分將以分別描述說明之，值得注意的是，圖中未繪示 或描述之元件，為所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者所知的 形式，另外，特定之實施例僅為揭示本發明使用之特定方 式，其並非用以限定本發明。 6 200949353 * 根據本發明實施例的主要特徵及樣態，液晶多區域光 電開關元件包括上、下基板，上、下電極層及液晶混合物 夾置於上、下基板之間。此液晶多區域光電開關元件包含 兩個以上的區域’利用不同區域的製程差異，使得不同區 域的液晶對應不同光電特性工作曲線，例如 V-T(voltage-transmission)或是 V-R(voltage-reflectance)工 作曲線’分別對應第一閥電壓與第二閥電壓等兩個以上的 閥電壓(threshold voltage)。在光電特性工作曲線中液晶狀 ❹ 態開始變化的電壓，稱為閥電壓。再者，藉由在製程中， 形成需要的圖案化區域，使其在應用時只需將整片電極上 施予一電壓’則可以顯示出圖案。相較於習知技術，不需 形成圖案化電極及複雜的驅動電路。 第2A圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例的多區域光電The art discloses that an upper layer electrode and a lower electrode surface electrode 'the flat crystal of the liquid two regions between the two surface electrodes are disposed in the first region', and the liquid crystal is disposed in the second region, and the reaction is in the first The younger brother, the modified state, the younger one valve voltage; the multi-zone according to the electrical switching element device, when different electrical power is applied, the pattern change can be generated to allow the neon to be in multiple (four) domains. (4) The effect of not passing the effect, or changing the (4) money or the polarization of the money. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. Reference basis. In the drawings or the specification inserts, similar or identical parts use the same drawing number. Also, in the drawings, the shape or thickness of the embodiment may be enlarged and indicated in a simplified or convenient manner. In addition, the components of the drawings will be described separately, and it is noted that the components not shown or described in the drawings are known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and in particular, The examples are merely illustrative of specific ways of using the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. 6 200949353 * According to the main features and aspects of the embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal multi-region photovoltaic switch element includes upper and lower substrates, and upper and lower electrode layers and a liquid crystal mixture are sandwiched between the upper and lower substrates. The liquid crystal multi-region photoelectric switching element comprises two or more regions 'utilizing process variations of different regions, so that liquid crystals of different regions correspond to different photoelectric characteristic working curves, such as VT (voltage-transmission) or VR (voltage-reflectance) working curves. 'Respectively correspond to two or more threshold voltages such as the first valve voltage and the second valve voltage. The voltage at which the liquid crystal state begins to change in the photoelectric characteristic operating curve is called the valve voltage. Furthermore, by forming a desired patterned region during the process so that only a voltage is applied to the entire electrode during application, the pattern can be displayed. Compared to the prior art, it is not necessary to form patterned electrodes and complicated driving circuits. 2A is a diagram showing multi-region optoelectronics in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
開關（multi-area electro-optical shutter)元件的平面圖，第 2B 圖係顯示第2A圖的多區域光電開關元件沿切割線M，的 ❹剖面圖，而第2C圖為顯示第2A圖的多區域光電開關元件 的區域100A和100B分別對應第一與第二v-T工作曲線特 性，及第一閥電壓與第二閥電壓。請參閱第2八和2B圖， 一多區域光電開關元件1〇〇包括一下基板n〇具下電極層 115、一上基板130具上電極層125及液晶混合物12〇設置 於上、下基板間。可依液晶混合物而選則是否需要搭配向 層116和126，以及分別設置於上、下基板外侧的偏振板 135和105。由電壓控制器HO將整片電極115和125間上 施予一電壓，則可以顯示出圖案。 7 200949353 • 多區域光電開關元件100可分成兩個或兩個以上的區 域100A和100B，對在第一區域與第二區域的一液晶混合 物120施以具差異性的製程條件，使得液晶混合物12〇&含 第一修飾材料於第一區域l〇〇A，液晶混合物12〇b含第二 修飾材料於第二區域100B ^請參閱第2C圖，第一區域液 晶混合物120a的V-T工作曲線為a;而第二區域液晶混合 物120b的V-T工作曲線為B。圖示為全明態（normally 魯 white)型的例子，實際應用時也可以是全暗態（n〇rmally black)型的工作曲線。 上述液晶混合物120是以液晶分子為主體，另任意選 擇添加不同的添加物’其包括高分子單體(monomer)或預聚 合物(prep〇lymer)、染料分子與旋光性分子材料，反應完成 後高分子單體或預聚合物，聚合成網狀高分子材料。例如， 液晶混合物可包括高分子與液晶，或者包括高分子、液晶 及染料’又或者包括高分子、液晶及旋光性材料，又或者 〇 網狀高分子與液晶’又或者網狀高分子、液晶及染料，利 用製程的差異造成高分子分佈狀態不同，使得不同區域的 液晶混合物含有不同修飾材料，修飾材料係指網狀高分 子’例如：第一區域液晶混合物具有第一網狀高分子密度， 第二液晶混合物具有第二網狀高分子密度，對液晶分子的 作用力不同’使得閥電壓不同。更明確地說，上述施以具 差異性的製程條件’是在不同區域，選擇性地照射能量不 同或是密度分佈不同的光，使不同區域的高分子單體或預 聚5物形成不同交聯密度(crosslinking density)。例如：利 8 200949353 •用圖案化光罩遮光方式遮蔽區域100A進行聚人反應，使 得區域1·所接收到的總能量低於區域⑽⑽:致使區域 100A具有較低密度之網狀高分子’區域i咖呈有較高密 度之網狀高分子。或是’可選擇以不同的溫度^佈，使不 同區域的高分子單體或預聚合物形成不同交聯密度。或是 以不同的電場強度，先改變液晶分子的排列，使其趨於一 致，再使不同區域的高分子單體或預聚合物形成不同交聯 _ 毯、度。再者，或是可選擇以不同顏色的染料分佈在不同區 域，使不同區域的尚分子早體或預聚合物形成不同交聯密 度。右為光反應型製程’則液晶混合物内另需加入光起始 劑。 由於利用製程中，施以具差異性的製程條件得到所欲 的圖案，因此在應用時，只需在整片電極上給一電壓則可 以顯示出圖案，不需傳統的圖案化電極及驅動電路。根據 本發明之一實施例，此多區域光電開關元件100可使用塑 Φ 膠基板，搭配連續式(roll-to roll)製程，容易做到大面積、 低成本製作。 圖3A〜3D為圖2A之多區域光電開關元件動作示意圖。 此多區域光電開關元件1 〇〇可為全明態（normally white)型 或全暗態（normally black)型。再者’ A、B的V-T工作曲線 未必要同斜率。V-T工作曲線A、B中的VI及V2，分別 表示第一與第二閥電壓。VI，及V2’分別表示狀態變化 已飽和的電壓，稱為飽和電壓。以電壓由低至高，動作區 域由透光至不透光作為範例說明，圖3A為初始狀態’區 9 200949353 • 域100A與100B為亮狀態；當電壓上升至VI時，區域100A 的光學性質開始轉換逐漸變暗，當電壓上升至VI’時，區 域100A呈現暗狀態，如圖3B所示；當電壓介於VI與VI’ 之間時，區域100A依比例呈現不同層次之灰階狀態’如 圖3D所示。 當電壓上升至V2時，區域100B的光學性質開始轉換 逐漸變暗，當電壓上升至V2,時，區域100B呈現暗狀態， 如圖3C所示；即是，當電壓等於或是大於V2’時，區域 ® 100A與100B都呈現暗狀態。 如上所述，加不同電壓使得液晶層之光學性質進行轉 換，其光學性質與光的作用機制可為非偏振模式 (nonpolarized mode)及偏振模式(polarized mode)。例如是散 射與穿透’或是吸收與穿透，或是反射與穿透，又或是改 變光的偏振方向與不改變光的偏振方向。液晶層可以是TN 型、STN型液晶胞、水平配向液晶胞(h〇m〇gene〇usceii)或 φ 是垂直配向液晶胞(h〇meotropic cell)，上述各液晶層的工作 原理應為本發明技術領域中具有通常知識者，所能理解， 為求簡明之故，在此不再贅述。 應注意的是，於偏振模式時，在多區域光電開關元件 上、下側要加額外的偏振片。 第4A_4C圖分別顯示根據本發明另-實施例的液晶多 區域光電開關元件於不同操作電壓狀態下的示意圖。液晶 多區域光電開關兀件200包括一固定之箭頭圖案2〇〇B,與 背景區域2G0A。將箭頭圖案2娜的液晶中的修㈣料製 200949353 作成為具有較古 晶中的修飾材:钿度之網狀高分子，背景區域200A的液 始狀態如圖4八作成為具有較低密度之網狀高分子。初 案；當施加第—^ ’為全亮狀態，使用者看不到箭頭圖 圖4B所示，气®時，背景區域2〇〇A呈現暗狀態，如 來。電壓升言頭圖案2〇〇A仍然呈現亮狀態而被襯托出 態，如圖4::第二電壓箭頭圖# 2_ &呈現暗狀 坏’此時’使用者只看見一片暗狀態。 eA plan view of a multi-area electro-optical shutter element, a second block diagram showing a cross-sectional view of the multi-region photoelectric switch element of FIG. 2A along the cutting line M, and a second CC showing a multi-area of FIG. 2A The regions 100A and 100B of the photoelectric switching elements correspond to the first and second vT operating curve characteristics, respectively, and the first valve voltage and the second valve voltage. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 2B, a multi-region photoelectric switch element 1 includes a lower substrate n, a lower electrode layer 115, an upper substrate 130 having an upper electrode layer 125, and a liquid crystal mixture 12, disposed between the upper and lower substrates. . Depending on the liquid crystal mixture, it is necessary to match the alignment layers 116 and 126, and the polarizing plates 135 and 105 respectively disposed outside the upper and lower substrates. A voltage is applied between the entire electrodes 115 and 125 by the voltage controller HO to display a pattern. 7 200949353 • The multi-region photoelectric switching element 100 can be divided into two or more regions 100A and 100B to apply a different process condition to a liquid crystal mixture 120 in the first region and the second region such that the liquid crystal mixture 12 〇& containing the first modifying material in the first region l〇〇A, the liquid crystal mixture 12〇b containing the second modifying material in the second region 100B. Referring to FIG. 2C, the VT working curve of the first region liquid crystal mixture 120a is a; and the VT working curve of the second-region liquid crystal mixture 120b is B. The figure shows an example of a normally-white (normally-white) type, and in practice, it can also be a full-state (n〇rmally black) type of working curve. The liquid crystal mixture 120 is mainly composed of liquid crystal molecules, and optionally added different additives, which include a polymer monomer or a prepolymer, a dye molecule and an optically active molecular material. The polymer monomer or prepolymer is polymerized into a network polymer material. For example, the liquid crystal mixture may include a polymer and a liquid crystal, or include a polymer, a liquid crystal, and a dye, or include a polymer, a liquid crystal, and an optically active material, or a mesh polymer and a liquid crystal or a network polymer or a liquid crystal. And dyes, the difference in the process causes the polymer distribution state to be different, so that the liquid crystal mixture in different regions contains different modifying materials, and the modifying material refers to the network polymer 'for example: the first region liquid crystal mixture has the first network polymer density, The second liquid crystal mixture has a second network polymer density, and the force acting on the liquid crystal molecules is different, such that the valve voltages are different. More specifically, the above-mentioned process conditions with different differences are in different regions, selectively irradiating light having different energy or different density distributions, so that different polymer monomers or prepolymerized materials in different regions form different intersections. Crosslinking density. For example: Li 8 200949353 • The patterned reticle shading mode 100A is used to perform the poly-reaction, so that the total energy received by the region 1· is lower than the region (10) (10): the region 100A has a lower density of the reticulated polymer 'region i coffee has a higher density of network polymer. Or 'select different temperatures to make different polymer monomers or prepolymers form different crosslink densities. Or, with different electric field strengths, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is first changed to make them uniform, and the polymer monomers or prepolymers in different regions are formed into different crosslinks _ blankets and degrees. Furthermore, it is also possible to distribute dyes of different colors in different regions, so that different regions of the precursors or prepolymers form different crosslink densities. The right is a photoreactive process, and a photoinitiator is additionally added to the liquid crystal mixture. Since the desired pattern is obtained by using different process conditions in the process, in the application, only a voltage is applied to the entire electrode to display the pattern, and the conventional patterned electrode and the driving circuit are not required. . According to an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-region photoelectric switch element 100 can be fabricated using a plastic Φ adhesive substrate in combination with a roll-to-roll process, which is easy to manufacture in a large area and at a low cost. 3A to 3D are schematic views showing the operation of the multi-region photoelectric switch element of Fig. 2A. The multi-region photoelectric switching element 1 〇〇 can be of a normally white type or a normally black type. Furthermore, the V-T operating curves of 'A and B are not necessarily the same as the slope. VI and V2 in the V-T operating curves A and B represent the first and second valve voltages, respectively. VI, and V2' represent the voltage at which the state change is saturated, which is called the saturation voltage. As the voltage is from low to high, the action area is transmitted from light to opaque as an example, and FIG. 3A is the initial state 'Zone 9 200949353. · The fields 100A and 100B are in a bright state; when the voltage rises to VI, the optical properties of the region 100A start. The transition gradually dims, and when the voltage rises to VI', the region 100A assumes a dark state, as shown in FIG. 3B; when the voltage is between VI and VI', the region 100A exhibits different levels of grayscale states as shown in the figure. Figure 3D shows. When the voltage rises to V2, the optical properties of the region 100B begin to gradually dim, and when the voltage rises to V2, the region 100B assumes a dark state, as shown in FIG. 3C; that is, when the voltage is equal to or greater than V2' , Area® 100A and 100B are both dark. As described above, different voltages are applied to convert the optical properties of the liquid crystal layer, and the optical properties and the mechanism of action of the light may be a nonpolarized mode and a polarized mode. For example, scattering and penetration 'either absorption and penetration, or reflection and penetration, or changing the polarization direction of light without changing the polarization direction of light. The liquid crystal layer may be a TN type, an STN type liquid crystal cell, a horizontal alignment liquid crystal cell (h〇m〇gene〇usceii) or φ is a vertical alignment liquid crystal cell (h〇meotropic cell), and the working principle of each of the above liquid crystal layers should be the present invention. Those skilled in the art can understand that, for the sake of brevity, no further details are provided herein. It should be noted that in the polarization mode, an additional polarizing plate is applied to the upper and lower sides of the multi-region photoelectric switching element. 4A-4C are schematic views respectively showing the liquid crystal multi-region photoelectric switching elements according to another embodiment of the present invention in different operating voltage states. The liquid crystal multi-region photoelectric switch element 200 includes a fixed arrow pattern 2〇〇B, and a background area 2G0A. The repairing (4) material 200949353 in the liquid crystal of the arrow pattern 2 Na is made into a modified polymer with a relatively fine crystal: the network polymer of the twist, and the liquid state of the background region 200A is made to have a lower density as shown in FIG. Mesh polymer. Initial case; when the first ^^' is applied to the full-bright state, the user does not see the arrow diagram. As shown in Fig. 4B, when the gas® is used, the background area 2〇〇A is in a dark state, as shown. The voltage riser pattern 2A is still in a bright state and is set off, as shown in Fig. 4: The second voltage arrow diagram #2_ & appears dark and bad 'At this time' the user only sees a dark state. e
Q 第 5A 和 5ft is) 圖為顯示根據本發明之一實施例的多區域 ^電頂層的圖案為橫條間隔圖形的示意圖，可當作光柵 或2D/3D〜像顯示器的視差屏障㈣灿狀化心）3〇〇。位 於條狀H域3GGB之液晶，使之具有較低密度之修飾材料， 其液晶反應於較低的閥電壓。剩餘的條狀區域3GGA之液 晶’使之具有較高密度之修飾材料，其液晶反應於較高的 閥電壓°動作原理同上所述，當施加—個適當電壓時，多 區域光電開關元件3GG呈現視差屏障之結構，如圖5入所 不’適用於3D顯像；當電壓低於某一位準時，多區域光 電開關3〇〇 |現全亮狀態，如圖5B所示，適用於2D 顯像。 應〉主意的是’上述第5A和5B圖中的多區域光電開關 7L件300的圖案不限定為橫條間隔圖形，其亦可以是祺盤 式交錯分布’如第5C圖中的多區域光電開關元件。例如， T做為3D衫像顯示器的微相延遲板(micr〇_retarder) 350 ’ 在兩種電壓間切換產生改變光偏振方向的區域35QA與不 改變光偏振方向的區域35〇b„為方便說明，假設在不加電 200949353 壓時區域3 5 0A的液晶混合物的液晶與區域3 0 5 B的液晶混 合物的的液晶光學性質在第一狀態，經過這兩個區域的光 之偏振方向不受影響。加一電壓時，區域350A的液晶在 第二狀態即光學性質發生變換，經過區域350A的光偏振 方向會被轉90度，而經過區域305B，偏振方向不受影響。 第6A和6D圖為顯示根據本發明另一實施例的多區域 光電開關層的圖案樣態的示意圖。一多區域光電開關層 400的圖案包括二個以上的區域(例如9個），每個區域的液 晶混合物含有不同修飾材料，對應不同的V-T工作曲線， 與不同的閥電壓，如第6A-6D圖中排列為400A、400B、 400C...，其閥電壓由小排至大為VI(第一）、V2(第二)、V3(第 三）··.，其飽和電壓由小排至大為VI’（第一）、V2’（第 二）、V3’ （第三）...，當電壓小於閥電壓VI時，所有的區 域皆在第一狀態，如第6A圖所示；逐漸加大兩電極間的 電壓V時，當VI’ sV^V2時，區域400A的液晶狀態變成 第二狀態，其餘區域的液晶仍在第一狀態，如第6B圖所 示；當V2’ sVsV3時，區域400A及400B的液晶狀態皆 變成第二狀態，其餘區域的液晶仍在第一狀態，如第6C 圖示；應可理解的是，可逐漸增加外加電壓，逐步將不同 區域——改變。如果這是一個光開關，假設第一狀態阻檔 光通過，而第二狀態光可以通過，則可以利用在第二狀態 的區域面積大小，而改變光的通過量。 第7A和7B圖為顯示根據本發明另一實施例的多區域 光電開關層的圖案樣態的示意圖。一多區域光電開關層 12 200949353 * 450的圖案包括二個以上的同心圓區娀（例如4個）’每個 區域對應不同的V-T工作曲線，如第7A-7D圖中排列為 450A、450B、450C、450D，其閥電壓由小排至大為VI、 乂2、¥3、¥4，其飽和電壓由小排至大為乂1’、乂2’、乂3’、 V4，，當電壓小於閥電壓VI時，所有的區域皆在第一狀 態（無圖示）；逐漸加大兩電極間的電壓V時，當VI’ 時，區域450A的液晶狀態變成第二狀態，其餘區 域的液晶仍在第一狀態，如第7A圖所示；當V2’ <V^V3 ® 時，區域450A及450B的液晶狀態皆變成第二狀態，其餘 區域的液晶仍在第一狀態，如第7B圖示。應可理解的是， 可逐漸增加外加電壓，逐步將不同區域一一改變。同圖6 實施例原理，則可以利用在第二狀態的區域面積大小，改 變光的通過量。 根據本發明實施例，上述多區域光電開關層具簡單化 的電極結構，無需將電極圖案化，其包含梯度式摻雜染料 q 之液晶凝膠(gradient dye-doped LC gels)層。請參閱第9A 圖，一多區域光電開關層500包括兩片對向具有電極的基 板510、550上鍍有垂直配向層520、540。一液晶混合物 層530夾置於兩電極基板510、55〇之間，其包括負型液晶 (liquid crystal)分子 531、雙色性染料(dye molecules)分子 532及網狀向分子(p〇iymer networks) 533。一反射式散射板 505貼附於於下基板上。藉由一電壓控制器56〇，提供一外 加電壓於兩對向的電極基板510、550之間。於不施加電壓 的狀態下’液晶、染料及網狀高分子與IT〇玻璃基板垂直 13 200949353 * 排列（z方向），如第9 A圖所示。此外，網狀高分子網絡沿 x-y平面有一梯度分佈（gradient distribution)。第8圖係顯 示根據本發明之一實施例的多區域光電開關元件光電工作 曲線(V-R，voltage-reflectance)關係圖。根據本發明實施 例，在適當的製作條件下，例如：成份比例，負型液晶分子 90%wt、雙色性染料5%wt及高分子5%wt時，以高於 lmW7cm2，最好在3mW/cm2〜lmW7cm2的紫外光強度照 射，溫度在10° C〜25° C，最好在15。C以下，可以形 成網狀高分子較密的區域；以低於lmW/cm2，最好在 lmW/cm2〜0.3mW/cm2的紫外光照射強度，溫度在1〇。匸 〜25° C，最好在15° C以上’可以形成網狀高分子較疏 的區域。可分別設計第一網狀高分子密度在第一區域，參 見第9A圖區域502的第一修_狀態液晶530a，以第8圖 中的虛線表示，以及第二網狀高分子密度在第二區域，參 見第9A圖區域501的第二修飾狀態液晶530b，以第8圖 φ 中的實線表示。在不加電壓的狀態下，兩區域皆具有相同 的反射率，並且隨外加電壓上升’液晶傾向垂直於電場， 因光散射及染料的光吸收效應而使反射率下降。再者，由 於兩區域的網狀高分子密度不同，其閥電壓不同，例如 530b的液晶閥電壓為V2(第二閥電壓），飽和電壓為V2,（第 二飽和電壓）’ 530a的液晶的閥電壓為v〗（第一閥電壓）， 飽和電壓為VI’（第一飽和電壓）。當外加電壓介於γι’與 V2間時，區域501具高反射率，但是區域5〇2呈現低反射 率。換言之，區域501為亮態’區域502為暗態。如此一 14 200949353 來，無需圖案化電極，只需利用網狀高八 可達到在同-外加電壓下的具不同亮暗度分佈’即 關元件或顯示以件。 9態的多區域光電開 第9A-9C圖係顯示根據本發明實施例的 關層的剖面示意圖，其分別顯示在不同外加 域光電1 含梯度式播雜染料之液晶凝膠的操作原理 ^ 、Q 5A and 5ft is) is a schematic diagram showing a pattern of a multi-area electric top layer according to an embodiment of the present invention as a horizontal stripe pattern, which can be used as a parallax barrier for a grating or a 2D/3D image display (4) Huaxin) 3〇〇. The liquid crystal in the strip-shaped H-domain 3GGB gives it a lower density of the modifying material, and its liquid crystal reacts to a lower valve voltage. The remaining strip-shaped region 3GGA liquid crystal 'has a higher density of modified material, and its liquid crystal reacts to a higher valve voltage. The principle of operation is the same as described above. When an appropriate voltage is applied, the multi-region photoelectric switching element 3GG is presented. The structure of the parallax barrier, as shown in Figure 5, is not suitable for 3D imaging; when the voltage is lower than a certain level, the multi-region photoelectric switch 3〇〇| is now fully illuminated, as shown in Figure 5B, suitable for 2D imaging. . It should be arbitrarily that the pattern of the multi-region photoelectric switch 7L member 300 in the above-mentioned 5A and 5B is not limited to a horizontal strip pattern, which may also be a staggered staggered distribution as in the multi-region optoelectronics in FIG. 5C. Switching element. For example, T is used as a microphase retardation plate (micr〇_retarder) 350' of a 3D shirt-like display. Switching between two voltages produces a region 35QA that changes the polarization direction of the light and a region 35b that does not change the polarization direction of the light. It is assumed that the liquid crystal optical properties of the liquid crystal mixture of the liquid crystal mixture of the region 350°A and the liquid crystal mixture of the region 3 0 5 B in the first state when the voltage is not applied to the voltage of 200949353 are in the first state, and the polarization directions of the light passing through the two regions are not affected. Effect: When a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal of the region 350A is transformed in the second state, that is, the optical property, and the polarization direction of the light passing through the region 350A is rotated by 90 degrees, and the polarization direction is not affected by the region 305B. Figs. 6A and 6D A schematic diagram showing a pattern of a multi-region photoelectric switch layer according to another embodiment of the present invention. The pattern of a multi-region photoelectric switch layer 400 includes two or more regions (for example, nine), and the liquid crystal mixture of each region contains Different modified materials, corresponding to different VT working curves, and different valve voltages, such as 400A, 400B, 400C... arranged in the 6A-6D diagram, the valve voltage is from small row to large VI (the first ), V2 (second), V3 (third)··., its saturation voltage from small row to large VI' (first), V2' (second), V3' (third)... When the voltage is less than the valve voltage VI, all the regions are in the first state, as shown in Fig. 6A; when the voltage V between the two electrodes is gradually increased, when VI' sV^V2, the liquid crystal state of the region 400A becomes the first In the second state, the liquid crystals of the remaining regions are still in the first state, as shown in FIG. 6B; when V2'sVsV3, the liquid crystal states of the regions 400A and 400B all become the second state, and the liquid crystals of the remaining regions are still in the first state, such as Figure 6C; it should be understood that the applied voltage can be gradually increased, and the different regions are gradually changed. If this is an optical switch, assuming that the first state blocking light passes and the second state light passes, then The amount of light passing through in the second state can be utilized to change the throughput of light. FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams showing a pattern of a multi-region photoelectric switch layer according to another embodiment of the present invention. Layer 12 200949353 * 450 pattern includes more than two concentric Zone 娀 (for example, 4) 'Each zone corresponds to different VT working curves, such as 450A, 450B, 450C, 450D in the 7A-7D diagram, the valve voltage is from small row to large VI, 乂2, ¥ 3, ¥4, its saturation voltage from small row to large 乂1', 乂2', 乂3', V4, when the voltage is less than the valve voltage VI, all areas are in the first state (not shown) When the voltage V between the two electrodes is gradually increased, when VI', the liquid crystal state of the region 450A becomes the second state, and the liquid crystal of the remaining region is still in the first state, as shown in Fig. 7A; when V2' <V When ^V3 ® , the liquid crystal states of the regions 450A and 450B become the second state, and the liquid crystals of the remaining regions are still in the first state, as shown in FIG. 7B. It should be understood that the applied voltage can be gradually increased, and the different regions are gradually changed one by one. With the principle of the embodiment of Fig. 6, the area of the area in the second state can be utilized to change the throughput of light. According to an embodiment of the invention, the multi-region photoelectric switch layer has a simplified electrode structure without patterning the electrode, which comprises a gradient dye-doped LC gels layer. Referring to Figure 9A, a multi-region photovoltaic switch layer 500 includes two opposing substrates 510, 550 having electrodes plated with vertical alignment layers 520, 540. A liquid crystal mixture layer 530 is interposed between the two electrode substrates 510, 55A, which includes a negative liquid crystal molecule 531, a dye molecules molecule 532, and a network of molecules (p〇iymer networks). 533. A reflective diffuser 505 is attached to the lower substrate. An applied voltage is applied between the two opposing electrode substrates 510, 550 by a voltage controller 56A. The liquid crystal, the dye, and the network polymer are perpendicular to the IT/glass substrate without applying a voltage. 13 200949353 * Arrangement (z direction), as shown in Fig. 9A. In addition, the network of polymer networks has a gradient distribution along the x-y plane. Fig. 8 is a view showing a relationship between a photoelectric operation curve (V-R, voltage-reflectance) of a multi-region photoelectric switching element according to an embodiment of the present invention. According to an embodiment of the present invention, under appropriate manufacturing conditions, for example, a composition ratio, a negative liquid crystal molecule of 90% wt, a dichroic dye of 5% wt, and a polymer of 5% wt, above lmW 7 cm 2 , preferably at 3 mW / The ultraviolet light intensity of cm2~lmW7cm2 is irradiated at a temperature of 10 ° C to 25 ° C, preferably at 15. Below C, a dense region of the network polymer can be formed; the intensity is irradiated with ultraviolet light of less than lmW/cm2, preferably lmW/cm2 to 0.3 mW/cm2, at a temperature of 1 Torr. 〜 〜25° C, preferably above 15 ° C, can form a region where the network polymer is sparse. The first network polymer density may be separately designed in the first region, see the first trim state liquid crystal 530a of the 00th region 502, indicated by the broken line in FIG. 8, and the second mesh polymer density is in the second For the region, see the second modified state liquid crystal 530b of the FIG. 9A area 501, which is indicated by the solid line in FIG. In the state where no voltage is applied, both regions have the same reflectance, and as the applied voltage rises, the liquid crystal tends to be perpendicular to the electric field, and the reflectance is lowered due to light scattering and the light absorbing effect of the dye. Furthermore, since the density of the network polymer in the two regions is different, the valve voltage is different, for example, the liquid crystal valve voltage of 530b is V2 (second valve voltage), the saturation voltage is V2, and the (second saturation voltage) is 530a of liquid crystal. The valve voltage is v (first valve voltage) and the saturation voltage is VI' (first saturation voltage). When the applied voltage is between γι' and V2, the region 501 has a high reflectance, but the region 5〇2 exhibits a low reflectance. In other words, region 501 is in a bright state ' region 502 is in a dark state. As a result of this, 14 200949353, there is no need to pattern the electrodes, and it is only necessary to use the mesh height eight to achieve different light and dark distributions under the same-applied voltage. 9-state multi-region photo-electrical opening 9A-9C is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a layered layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, which respectively shows the operation principle of a liquid crystal gel containing a gradient doping dye in a different applied field ^,
圖，當外加電壓為0時，液晶、染料及網狀^子閱斑第電= 基板垂直排列（ζ方向），不論對任何人射偏振光而言'、此時 梯度式捧雜染料之液晶凝膠為亮態。請參閱第^ 外加電壓大於V1小於vr時’ 530a的液晶 director)開始驅動’此時區域502轉換成多場域模式 (multi-domain mode)，光散射開始增加。由於染料分子被 液晶指向矢牵連轉動，因而光吸收增加。因為光散射及光 吸收所以整體反射率下降，區域502亮度下降但是區域501 仍呈現亮態。請參閱第9C圖，當外加電壓大於V2小於 V2’時，530a的液晶指向矢及染料分子沿x-y平面任意排 列，此時區域502有很強的光散射及光吸收效應因此到達 暗態，且此暗態與入射光的偏振方向無關。530b的液晶指 向矢則開始驅動，轉換成多場域模式（multi-domain mode)，因為光散射及光吸收所以整體反射率逐漸下降。當 外加電壓大於等於V2’時’530a與530b的液晶指向矢及染 料分子沿x-y平面任意排列’由於強的光散射及光吸收效 應因此區域502與區域501皆為暗態。 根據本發明另一實施例，上述多區域光電開關層的驅 15 200949353 動液晶驅動原理還可進一步延伸，如第ίο圖所示，多區域 光電開關層利用梯度式摻雜染料之液晶凝膠顯示器可分多 區，例如5個區域其光電工作曲線分別為I、II、III、IV 及V。其閥電壓由小排至大為VI、V2、V3、V4、V5，其 飽和電壓由小排至大為VI’ 、V2’ 、V3’ 、V4’ 、V5’ 。 第11A-11F圖係顯示根據第10圖的多區域光電開關層的一 顯示器應用例。請參閱第11A，無外加電壓狀況下，顯示 器600為全亮態，當外加電壓介於VI’與V2間，顯示器 600中的一區域601達暗態，如第11B圖所示。 接著，請參閱第11C圖，當電壓增加至V2’與V3間時， 顯示器600中的兩區域601和602達暗態。接著，當外加 電壓增加至V3’與V4間時，顯示器600中的三個區域601、 602和603達暗態，如第11D圖所示。當電壓增加至V4’ 與V5間時，顯示器600中的四個區域601、602、603和 604達暗態，如第11E圖所示。當外加電壓增加至大於等 於V5’時，顯示器600中為全區610暗態，如第11F圖所 示。其中區域601、602、603、604和605分別對應第10 圖光電工作曲線I、II、III、IV及V。 更有甚者，根據本發明實施例的多區域光電開關層， 可進一步將梯度式摻雜染料之液晶凝膠選擇以不同顏色的 染料分佈在不同區域，使不同區域的高分子單體或預聚合 物形成不同交聯密度，網狀高分子沿χ-y平面有一梯度分 佈或是沿z方向有一梯度分佈。在不同電壓間切換，即可 達到有具有顏色的圖案變化：當外加電壓小於第一閥電 16 200949353 - 壓，即全部在亮態；當外加電壓介於第一飽和電壓與第二閥 電壓間時，顯示第一圖案具有第一顏色；當外加電壓介於第 二飽和電壓與第三閥電壓間時，顯示第二圖案具有第二顏 色或是第一圖案具有第二顏色。 本發明各實施例的多區域光電開關層的優點在於，驅 動簡單不需額外製作圖案化電極或依賴複雜的驅動電路設 計，整個多區域光電開關層施加同一電壓而不是分區施加 電壓。因而達到簡化製程、不需圖案化電極和偏光片、且 ®降低製造成本。 本發明雖以實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發 明的範圍，任何本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者， 在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍内，當可做些許的更動與潤 飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界 定者為準。 參 17 200949353 * 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示傳統的液晶多區域光電開關的示意圖； 第2A圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例的光電開關 (active electro-optical shutter)元件的平面圖； 第2B圖係顯示第2A圖的多區域光電開關元件沿切割 線Ι·Ι 的剖面圖， 第2C圖為顯示第2Α圖的多區域光電開關元件的區域 Ο 100Α和100Β分別對應不同V-T工作曲線特性； 第3A-3D圖分別顯示根據本發明之一實施例的多區域 光電開關元件於不同操作電壓狀態下的示意圖； 第4A-4C圖分別顯示根據本發明另一實施例的液晶多 區域光電開關元件於不同操作電壓狀態下的示意圖； 第5 Α和.5Β圖為顯示根據本發明之一實施例的多區域 光電開關層的圖案為橫條間隔圖形的示意圖； 第5C圖為顯示根據本發明另一實施例的多區域光電 ® 開關層的圖案為棋盤式交錯分布圖形的示意圖； 第6A和6D圖為顯示根據本發明另一實施例的多區域 光電開關層的圖案樣態的示意圖； 第7A和7B圖為顯示根據本發明另一實施例的多區域 光電開關層的圖案樣態的示意圖； 第8圖係顯示根據本發明之一實施例的多區域光電開 關元件的光電工作曲線(R-V)關係圖； 第9A-9C圖係顯示根據本發明實施例的多區域光電開 關層的剖面示意圖，其分別顯示在不同外加電壓條件下， 18 200949353 含梯度式摻雜染料之液晶凝膠的操作原理； 第ίο圖係顯示根據本發明實施例的多區域光電開關 層的光電工作曲線(R-V)關係圖；以及 第11A_11F圖係顯示根據第10圖的多區域光電開關層 的一顯示器應用例。 【主要元件符號說明】 習知部分(第1圖） 10〜液晶多區域光電開關； 2〇〜下基板； 22〜共同電極； 30〜上基板； 32〜晝素電極節段； 40〜電壓控制器。 參 本案部分(第2A-11F) 100〜多區域光電開關元件； 100A和100B〜多區域光電開關元件的區域； 105和135〜偏振板； 110〜下基板； 115〜下電極層； 116和126〜配向層； 120、120a、120b〜液晶混合物； 19 200949353 125〜上電極層； 130〜上基板； 140〜電壓控制器； A、B~ V-T(voltage_transmission)工作曲線； 200〜液晶多區域光電開關元件； 200A、200B〜顯示圖案； 3 00〜3D顯示器的視差屏障(parallax barrier); 300A、300B~條紋狀顯示圖案； 350〜3D顯示器的微相延遲板(micro-retarder); 350A、350B〜棋格狀顯示圖案； 400〜多區域光電開關層； 400A、400B、400C〜顯示圖案； 450〜多區域光電開關層； 450A、450B、450C、450D〜同心圓顯示圖案； 500〜多區域光電開關層； 501、502〜顯示區域； 505〜反射式散射板； 510、550〜對向的電極基板； 520、540〜垂直配向層； 530、530a、530b〜液晶混合物層； 531〜液晶分子； 532〜雙色性染料分子； 533〜網狀高分子網絡(polymer networks); 560〜電壓供應器； 20 200949353 600〜顯示器； 601-605、610〜顯示區域。Figure, when the applied voltage is 0, the liquid crystal, the dye and the mesh are read. The substrate is vertically aligned (ζ direction), regardless of the polarization of any person. The gel is in a bright state. Referring to the liquid crystal director of the '530a when the voltage is greater than V1 is less than vr, the driving is started'. At this time, the area 502 is converted into a multi-domain mode, and light scattering starts to increase. Since the dye molecules are dragged by the liquid crystal director, the light absorption increases. Because of the light scattering and light absorption, the overall reflectivity decreases, the area 502 decreases in brightness but the area 501 remains in a bright state. Referring to FIG. 9C, when the applied voltage is greater than V2 and less than V2', the liquid crystal director of the 530a and the dye molecules are randomly arranged along the xy plane, and the region 502 has a strong light scattering and light absorbing effect, thus reaching a dark state, and This dark state is independent of the polarization direction of the incident light. The liquid crystal pointing of the 530b starts to be driven and converted into a multi-domain mode, and the overall reflectance gradually decreases due to light scattering and light absorption. When the applied voltage is greater than or equal to V2', the liquid crystal directors of the '530a and 530b and the dye molecules are arbitrarily arranged along the x-y plane. Both the region 502 and the region 501 are in a dark state due to strong light scattering and light absorbing effects. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned multi-region photoelectric switch layer drive 15 200949353 movable liquid crystal drive principle can be further extended, as shown in Fig. ίο, the multi-region photoelectric switch layer utilizes a gradient doping dye liquid crystal gel display It can be divided into multiple regions, for example, five regions, and their photoelectric working curves are I, II, III, IV and V, respectively. The valve voltage ranges from small to large VI, V2, V3, V4, and V5, and its saturation voltage ranges from small to large VI', V2', V3', V4', and V5'. The 11A-11F diagram shows a display application example of the multi-region photoelectric switch layer according to Fig. 10. Referring to FIG. 11A, the display 600 is fully illuminated without an applied voltage. When the applied voltage is between VI' and V2, a region 601 in the display 600 is in a dark state, as shown in FIG. 11B. Next, referring to Fig. 11C, when the voltage is increased between V2' and V3, the two regions 601 and 602 in the display 600 are in a dark state. Next, when the applied voltage is increased between V3' and V4, the three regions 601, 602, and 603 in the display 600 are in a dark state as shown in Fig. 11D. When the voltage is increased between V4' and V5, the four regions 601, 602, 603, and 604 in the display 600 are in a dark state as shown in Fig. 11E. When the applied voltage is increased to be greater than V5', the display 600 is in the dark state of the full region 610, as shown in Fig. 11F. The regions 601, 602, 603, 604, and 605 correspond to the photoelectric working curves I, II, III, IV, and V of FIG. 10, respectively. What is more, according to the multi-region photoelectric switch layer of the embodiment of the invention, the gradient-type dye-doped liquid crystal gel can be further selected to distribute different colors of dyes in different regions, so that different regions of the polymer monomer or pre-polymer The polymer forms different crosslink densities, and the network polymer has a gradient distribution along the χ-y plane or a gradient distribution along the z direction. Switching between different voltages can achieve a pattern change with color: when the applied voltage is less than the first valve power 16 200949353 - pressure, that is, all in the bright state; when the applied voltage is between the first saturation voltage and the second valve voltage The first pattern is displayed to have a first color; when the applied voltage is between the second saturation voltage and the third threshold voltage, the second pattern is displayed to have a second color or the first pattern has a second color. The multi-region photoelectric switch layer of the various embodiments of the present invention has the advantage that the driving is simple without the need to additionally fabricate patterned electrodes or rely on complex drive circuit design, and the entire multi-region photoelectric switch layer applies the same voltage instead of the zone application voltage. This simplifies the process, eliminates the need for patterned electrodes and polarizers, and reduces manufacturing costs. The present invention has been disclosed in the above embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains may be modified. The scope of protection of the present invention is therefore defined by the scope of the appended claims. Reference 17 200949353 * [Simplified illustration of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional liquid crystal multi-region photoelectric switch; Fig. 2A is a plan view showing an active electro-optical shutter member according to an embodiment of the present invention; 2B is a cross-sectional view showing the multi-region photoelectric switching element of FIG. 2A along the cutting line ,·Ι, and FIG. 2C is a view showing the area Ο100Α and 100Β of the multi-region photoelectric switching element of the second drawing corresponding to different VT operations. Curve characteristics; FIGS. 3A-3D are schematic views respectively showing multi-region photoelectric switching elements in different operating voltage states according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIGS. 4A-4C are diagrams respectively showing liquid crystal multi-regions according to another embodiment of the present invention. Schematic diagram of the photoelectric switching element in different operating voltage states; FIGS. 5 and 5 are schematic diagrams showing the pattern of the multi-region photoelectric switch layer in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention as a horizontal strip pattern; FIG. 5C is a view showing The pattern of the multi-region photoelectric photoelectric switch layer of another embodiment of the present invention is a schematic diagram of a checkerboard staggered distribution pattern; the 6A and 6D drawings show the root A schematic diagram of a pattern of a multi-region photoelectric switch layer according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic views showing a pattern of a multi-region photoelectric switch layer according to another embodiment of the present invention; A photoelectric operation curve (RV) relationship diagram of a multi-region photoelectric switching element according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; and FIGS. 9A-9C are cross-sectional views showing a multi-region photoelectric switch layer according to an embodiment of the present invention, respectively, 18 200949353 Operating principle of gradient-type doped dye-containing liquid crystal gel under different applied voltage conditions; Figure 00 is a diagram showing a photoelectric working curve (RV) relationship of a multi-region photoelectric switch layer according to an embodiment of the present invention; The 11A-11F system shows a display application example of the multi-region photoelectric switch layer according to FIG. [Main component symbol description] Conventional part (Fig. 1) 10~Liquid multi-region photoelectric switch; 2〇~lower substrate; 22~common electrode; 30~upper substrate; 32~昼素 electrode segment; 40~voltage control Device. Part of the case (2A-11F) 100~ multi-region photoelectric switching element; 100A and 100B~ multi-region photoelectric switching element area; 105 and 135~ polarizing plate; 110~lower substrate; 115~lower electrode layer; 116 and 126 ~ alignment layer; 120, 120a, 120b ~ liquid crystal mixture; 19 200949353 125~ upper electrode layer; 130~ upper substrate; 140~ voltage controller; A, B~ VT (voltage_transmission) working curve; 200~ liquid crystal multi-region photoelectric switch Component; 200A, 200B~ display pattern; 3 00~3D display parallax barrier; 300A, 300B~ stripe display pattern; 350~3D display micro-retarder; 350A, 350B~ Chess-like display pattern; 400~ multi-area photoelectric switch layer; 400A, 400B, 400C~ display pattern; 450~ multi-area photoelectric switch layer; 450A, 450B, 450C, 450D~ concentric display pattern; 500~ multi-area photoelectric switch Layer; 501, 502~ display area; 505~reflective scattering plate; 510, 550~ opposite electrode substrate; 520, 540~ vertical alignment layer; 530, 530a, 530b~ liquid crystal mixture layer; Molecule; 532~ dichroic dye molecules; 533~ mesh network polymer (polymer networks); 560~ voltage supply; 20 200 949 353 600~ display; 601-605,610~ display area.
21twenty one