200922108 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於-種無轉轴角度摘測元件之馬達驅動系 統；尤其適用於小型單相風扇馬達轉軸角度之估測裝置。 【先前技術】 已知轉軸角度估測方式如中華民國專利公報帛π·號 中披露之-無感測器之無刷直流馬達控制系統，運用於量測三 相交流馬達的非激磁相之感應電壓來獲得到反電勢零交越 點。此外’巾觀目專利公報第勘砂㈣號之三相無刷直流 馬達之無感測器換相電路，利用量測相鄰兩相交流馬達之平均 電壓，獲得落後反電勢三十度相位之信號，上述第5885〇5號 及第2〇〇726060號專利公報專皆以一電壓比較裝置及取樣觸 發信號與憤測之三相電壓經-簡單的電路，進行波形處理後， 來得到-反電勢的脈波信號，再利用此一信號估測出轉轴的角 度。其缺點是轉軸角度估测時，需額外增加硬體電路，提高系 統成本。已知啟動方式如第細遍34號專利公報之無感測無 刷直流馬達的啟動程式，主要應用於三相無刷直流馬達，先提 供電流給任意兩相定子線圈，利用未激磁相線圈之反電勢，來 决疋啟動相位。其缺點是必須額外監測線圈繞組上之電壓變 化。上述既有發明均針對三相無刷直流馬達加以探討。此外， 200922108 單相無刷直流馬達驅動控制方式如中華民國專利公報第 M285850號’第1220332號及第1224417號中披露之一有感測 器單相無刷直流馬達控制系統，主要利用霍爾效應元件來檢測 轉軸角度位置，並透過脈波調變方式來控制轉速，其缺點是檢 知裝置增加系統空間及成本，且易受雜訊干擾。 【發明内容】 本發明所欲解決之技術問題： 單相風扇馬達的控制必須仰賴轉軸角度/速度回授，以便 決定線圈電流的大小及輸入的時機，並達成換相控制及閉迴路 速度控制。因此’量測馬達的轉軸角度及計算轉軸速度通常是 採用光學編碼器來檢知角度位置。由於成本之考量一般皆使用 霍爾元件配合一個裝在轉軸上的永久磁鐵來檢知轉軸角度。然 而’ k些附加的檢知裝置不但會增加系統的成本及佔空間，且 易受外來的雜訊干擾而降低其可靠度。 \ 本^明主要目的即是提供—單相風扇馬達的轉軸角度估 :之驅動控制裝置。係以反電勢與轉軸角度的關係，估測出電 飢換相角度。在功率開關元倾止時，湘定子電流為零電流 瞬間進仃相賴的偵測，最後將所估測的反電勢換相點回授， 並完成閉迴路驅動系統的研製。 200922108 本發明解決問題之技術手段： 本發明為解決習知技術之問題所採用之技術手段，係以一 單相風扇馬達功率開關切換方式的觸來說明，分為啟動盘啟 動後兩個雜，啟狀狀態是根據職魏鱗再計算出換相 角度，但在啟動之前須做轉子定位；而啟動後之狀態也就是採 用無轉軸偵測元件的方式驅動。啟動前之轉子定位，是先將轉 子固定在正常雜位置’也就是料通功率_—小段時間， 確疋轉子固定在預設位置後，再做_路運轉，其啟動無須監 測線圈繞組上之電壓變化。 此外’啟動後之狀態是_偵測反電勢之零點判斷換相。 在功率開關树截止時，電流為零的瞬間進行伽】即時相電壓 信號，將此信號經由信號轉換器回授至反電勢零點偵測器，無 需額外硬體偵測電路。透過本發明所設計之反電勢零點偵測器 來判斷功相__電_激發雜，侧此反電勢對應轉轴 角度位置的關係’估測出換相角度位置及單相風扇馬達的轉 速。 本發明所採用的具體方法及控制流程，將藉由以下之實施 例及所附圖式作進一步之說明。 200922108 f實施方式】 首先參m-圖所示，係本發無轉_測元件之單相 系統的方塊圖。單相風扇馬達可採用_控 速方法驅動，只咖反電勢換相點，並使用 宛如__伽仪件來量測馬達的轉 軸角度判斷換相及閉迴路控逮。而轉軸角賴测元件，易受功 切換雜訊影響。此外，亦會增加馬達的體積及成本。因 捨棄轉_!元件，改訊息進行轉㈣度估測，並 進一步達朗迴路控儀本剌之主要特點。 無轉軸偵測7L件之單相風扇馬達驅動技術，採用侧反電 動勢零點作為換相資訊及轉速估測。第-圖中，轉子定位後’ 先執行開迴路啟_轉，透·晰f勢零輯行速度估測及 Γ功率嶋_，峨糊爾彳爾啟動機 其中換相益是利用反電勢零點判斷功率開關驅動電路 =。重新啟動則為若轉速誤差超過預設值，即執行重新啟 取後，本發明的最終目標是將此無感測技術製作成積體電 路，其驅動晶片之魏涵蓋如第—圖所示。 單相風扇騎反電轉的估測原理如下： 200922108 單相風扇馬賴轉子是由幾個成對的永久磁齡成，定子 則是由-减組顧顺成定子線驗磁而產生的 磁場磁極，和轉子上永久磁鐵的磁極，不斷產生同極相斥與異 極相吸的交互作用，帶動轉子持續不斷的轉動，而單相風扇馬 達是以磁極位置感測器(如Ha】】-effect sensor，霍爾感測器)或旋 轉編碼器(__及半導體功率開關來取代電刷及整流子。因 此，其基本原理及特性是相同的。因為沒有電刷，必須藉由一 組功率轉換n(inveito)切換開關，其架構如第二圖所示。 無轉軸兀件之單相風扇馬達的_方法是根據反電勢的 回授信號，估測轉軸速度來判斷換相，轉速命令可由外加電壓 控制或脈波寬度調變方式來進行，其中電壓控制方法即為功率 開關全開不作波寬調變，藉由外部電麗控制晶片來調整單相風 扇馬達之轉速頻率；此外，脈波寬度調變方式，主要是透過電 C大小的控制，進而改變馬達線難流以產生所需之馬達轉 矩’達到控制轉速的目的。單相風扇馬達線圈電流的控制方式 =调整激磁時間的長短以控制等效的電壓輸出，主要將固定電 的K號用固疋的週期區分開來，在每一個週期中變化電壓高 電位與低電辦間所佔的_ ’藉餘週躺變化來改變等效 j出電壓的大小。其輸出波形為一個週期性的信號，在單相風 羽焉達的運轉巾’只需控制功率電晶體的關，即可控制輸入 200922108 馬達的電壓大λ!、’所以在—個週細功率電晶料通的時間， 決定了此電壓的大小，又稱為責任週期，對於速度控制而令， 只需調整責任聊的大彳、來改變單械扇馬達哺速，其計算 方式如下。 責任週期200922108 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a motor drive system without a shaft angle measuring element; and particularly to an estimation device for a small single-phase fan motor shaft angle. [Prior Art] It is known that the angle estimation method of the shaft is as disclosed in the Republic of China Patent Gazette 帛π·, the sensorless brushless DC motor control system, which is used to measure the non-excited phase of the three-phase AC motor. The voltage is obtained to the zero-crossing point of the back EMF. In addition, the non-sensor commutating circuit of the three-phase brushless DC motor of the No. 4 (No. 4) of the Toss Eyesight Patent Survey uses the average voltage of the adjacent two-phase AC motor to obtain a phase of 30 degrees behind the backward back EMF. The signal, the above-mentioned Patent Nos. 5,885, 5 and 2, 726, 060, all of which are subjected to waveform processing by a voltage comparison device and a sampling trigger signal and an insane three-phase voltage through a simple circuit, The pulse signal of the potential is used to estimate the angle of the shaft. The disadvantage is that when the angle of the shaft is estimated, an additional hardware circuit is required to increase the system cost. The starting method of the non-sensing brushless DC motor, which is known as the starting method, is mainly applied to a three-phase brushless DC motor, which first supplies current to any two-phase stator coil, and utilizes an unexcited phase coil. Back EMF, to start the phase. The disadvantage is that additional voltage changes on the coil windings must be monitored. All of the above inventions are directed to a three-phase brushless DC motor. In addition, 200922108 single-phase brushless DC motor drive control method, as disclosed in the Republic of China Patent Gazette No. M285850, No. 1220332 and No. 1224417, has a sensor single-phase brushless DC motor control system, mainly utilizing the Hall effect. The component detects the angular position of the rotating shaft and controls the rotational speed through the pulse wave modulation mode. The disadvantage is that the detecting device increases the system space and cost, and is susceptible to noise interference. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the control of the single-phase fan motor must rely on the shaft angle/speed feedback to determine the magnitude of the coil current and the timing of the input, and achieve commutation control and closed loop speed control. Therefore, measuring the angle of the motor's shaft and calculating the shaft speed usually uses an optical encoder to detect the angular position. Since the cost considerations generally use a Hall element with a permanent magnet mounted on the shaft to detect the angle of the shaft. However, the additional detection devices not only increase the cost and space of the system, but also are susceptible to external noise interference and reduce its reliability. \ The main purpose of this ^ is to provide - the single-phase fan motor shaft angle estimation: the drive control device. Based on the relationship between the back EMF and the angle of the shaft, the angle of the electric hunger is estimated. When the power switch element is tilted, the Xiang stator current is zero current, and the detection of the back-EMF phase is feedback, and the development of the closed-loop drive system is completed. 200922108 The technical means for solving the problem of the present invention: The technical means adopted by the present invention to solve the problems of the prior art are described by the touch of a single-phase fan motor power switch switching mode, which is divided into two kinds of impurities after the start of the boot disk. The state of the start is to calculate the commutation angle according to the occupational scale, but the rotor must be positioned before starting, and the state after the start is driven by the no-axis detection component. Before the start of the rotor positioning, the rotor is first fixed in the normal miscellaneous position 'that is, the material through power _ - a small period of time, after the rotor is fixed at the preset position, then the _ road operation, its start does not need to monitor the coil winding Voltage changes. In addition, the state after the start is _detecting the zero point of the back EMF to judge the commutation. When the power switch tree is turned off, the instantaneous phase voltage signal is transmitted at the moment when the current is zero, and the signal is fed back to the back EMF zero point detector via the signal converter without additional hardware detection circuit. Through the back EMF zero point detector designed by the present invention, the phase of the power phase __ electric_excitation is determined, and the relationship between the back potential and the angular position of the rotating shaft is estimated to estimate the commutation angle position and the rotational speed of the single-phase fan motor. The specific method and control flow employed in the present invention will be further illustrated by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings. 200922108 f Implementation Mode First, as shown in the m-picture, it is a block diagram of a single-phase system without a conversion element. The single-phase fan motor can be driven by the _ speed control method, and only the contra-phase potential of the motor is used, and the oscillating angle of the motor is measured like the __ gamma meter to judge the commutation and closed loop control. The axis of view is sensitive to the switching noise. In addition, it will increase the size and cost of the motor. Because of the abandonment of the _! component, the message is changed to the (four) degree estimate, and further the main features of the lang loop control instrument. Single-phase fan motor drive technology without shaft detection for 7L parts, using side anti-electromotive force zero point as commutation information and speed estimation. In the first figure, after the rotor is positioned, the first step is to open the circuit and start to turn, the transparent and clear f-zero zero line speed estimation and the power 嶋 _, 峨 彳 彳 启动 启动 启动 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中 其中Determine the power switch drive circuit =. Restarting is the final goal of the present invention to make the non-sensing technique into an integrated circuit if the rotational speed error exceeds a preset value, i.e., after re-starting, and the driving chip is covered as shown in the first figure. The estimation principle of the single-phase fan riding anti-electrical rotation is as follows: 200922108 The single-phase fan Malay rotor is composed of several pairs of permanent magnetic ages, and the stator is the magnetic field magnetic pole generated by the -reduction group and the stator line magnetism, and The magnetic pole of the permanent magnet on the rotor continuously generates the interaction between the same pole repulsive and the opposite pole attracting, which drives the rotor to continuously rotate, and the single-phase fan motor is a magnetic pole position sensor (such as Ha)]-effect sensor, Hall sensor) or rotary encoder (__ and semiconductor power switch to replace the brush and commutator. Therefore, the basic principle and characteristics are the same. Because there is no brush, it must be converted by a set of power n ( Inveito) switch, the structure is shown in the second figure. The method of single-phase fan motor without shaft is based on the feedback signal of the back EMF, the speed of the shaft is estimated to judge the commutation, and the speed command can be controlled by the applied voltage. Or the pulse width modulation method is performed, wherein the voltage control method is that the power switch is fully open without wave width modulation, and the external frequency controller controls the wafer to adjust the rotation frequency of the single-phase fan motor; The pulse width modulation mode is mainly through the control of the size of the electric C, thereby changing the difficult flow of the motor line to generate the required motor torque 'to achieve the purpose of controlling the rotation speed. The control mode of the single-phase fan motor coil current = adjusting the excitation The length of time to control the equivalent voltage output, mainly to distinguish the K number of the fixed electricity from the period of the solid state, in each cycle, the voltage between the high potential and the low power is occupied. The change is to change the magnitude of the equivalent j-out voltage. The output waveform is a periodic signal. In the single-phase wind-flying running towel, it is only necessary to control the power transistor to close, and the input voltage of the motor can be controlled. λ!, 'So in the time of a week of fine power electric crystal material pass, the size of this voltage is determined, also known as the duty cycle. For speed control, just adjust the responsibility of the big talk to change the single weapon. The fan motor feed speed is calculated as follows.
公式(1) 平均隆.................. 電壓 = d ......................公式(2)Formula (1) Average Long.................. Voltage = d ......................Formula (2)
式中k為單位週期内維持的高電位時間，V/為單位週期 内維持的低電位時間j為責任導通週期。如第三圖所示，由 一角波之載波與輸入的比較波相比較，當比較波準位高於載波 時，輸出為高電位，若低於載波時即輸出低電位，因此只要改 變比較波的準位高低’即可產生不同的責任職，責任週期越 大，所得到的平均電壓越大，相對單相風扇馬運動速度越快； 反之，若平均電壓越小其轉速也越慢。 此外’判斷換相點的方式是採用直接偵測反電勢方法，利 用功率開關關閉後’偵測實際反電勢之大小，再利用反電勢零 點判斷換相。而計算轉速估測則利用偵測到的反電勢信號經過 12 200922108 速細_算轉速數值。以™如何_反電勢方式， 如弟四圖所不之反·t勢交越零點，在功率_ _ 偵測反電勢购號，細綱機。財_何時ΓΓ功 糊關時機，是利用轉速估測與信號轉換器的取樣時間作計 算先將母刀知的轉迷求得，得知每一轉的時間，再將 的時間與信號轉換器的取樣時間相除，求得1/4轉的取樣次 數，進-步可以判斷開關關閉時間。本發明採用計算計數值來 當作轉速計算，判定⑽將_關及_反電勢。其計算方 式如下： Λ ^speed ^- ................................................................公式 (3) τ TSpeeCj -^0/4) ^~7~..................... ........................................... (4) τ XU4 ^ Ispeed(V4) τ .................. A'D .........................................公式 ⑶ 式中AW騎分鐘轉速，7；—為鋪每獅f要的時 13 200922108 :為旋轉m轉所需要的時間 妹樣時間，物㈣轉的取樣次數。設定功率= 通時間依_速不同分為下列：種㈣±力革開關導 相肪崎糊；酬約為正常換 古、 疋才灼為正常換相85〇/〇的導通時間； 局逮時，約為正常換相9俩導通時間。在高速時，若戴止時 =長’會導致額定轉速受到_，故調整至正倾相鄕 、日、間’在低速時因為反電勢資訊报小，故將開關設為正常換 相80%左右的時間。 單相風扇馬達自我啟動原理如下： 無轉軸偵測元件單相風扇馬達是利用開關戴止時，偵測反 電勢大小於父鱗點雜相，如此在馬_利運轉時，即可確 保能在正確的換相賴齡。但在馬達尚未啟動或低速運轉 時，反電勢訊號非常微弱，無法計算出換㈣度，所以需要一 套自我啟動的機制。本申請親闕迴路啟動方法，主要是逐 渐加大疋子疑轉磁場的強度及頻率，當旋轉磁場大到足以克服 轉子的摩擦力及靜止猶慣量時，轉子便跟隨磁場同步旋轉。 但轉子磁_初始肖度仍是未知，若定子雜磁場強度太大， 將使轉子有機會被吸引至相反方肖，造成啟動不順利。此外， 定子旋轉磁場的頻率若太快，將無法帶動轉子旋轉，造成振動 現象。 14 200922108 單相風扇馬達制開迴路的啟動策略，依據以 ， :五_〜_枝_第五_ 么 判斷換相： I#月度木 «(«) = ω(η-\) + 公式(6) ......................................... θ{η) = Θ{η~\) + ω{η^τ 公式(7) ........................... 時間 、式中W為現在的轉速，㈣)為前一次的轉速，⑻ 為現在的角度’㈣為前—次的角度，Α為常數，『為取樣 當啟動時當換相角度計算每爾度做換相，計算到度 時，將數值歸零重新計數，如第六圖所示。啟動後之狀態是利 用憤測反電勢之零點酬換相點，而神卿的切換方向須依 據反電勢的正負判斷，當反電勢由正到負，此時功率開關^與 7；導通。反之，反電勢由負到正，此時功率開關^與巧導通。 偵測反電勢的方式是利用估測的轉速判斷功率開關關閉的時 間’在功率開關關閉後，偵測反電勢之零點判斷換相點。偵測 反電勢方式’如第七圖所示。圖中，偵測反電勢方式是利用開 關關閉後，此時還未達到換相點，則需偵測反電勢零點，判斷 15 200922108 反電勢的正負後再換相。 單相風扇馬達轉子定位原理如下： 由於單相風扇馬達轉子結構設計為非對稱，其磁場分佈不 均，易造献献轉。在靜錄鱗，财正常會停止在固定 的四個磁極位置，如第八圖所示，若在不同的位置時，須先將 轉子固定在正常雜位置’也就是先導通如第二圖所示之功率 開關小段咖，確定轉刊定在預設位置後， 再做開迴路運轉，避免造成反轉現象。執行方式為先導通開關 d ’確定磁極位置後再將_關，進行開迴路正常啟動， 如第九圖卿，轉子原本料料正f磁極位麵定在正常 的磁極位置。 單相風扇馬達轉速估測原理如下·· 估測方式分為啟触啟雜兩微態，啟綠態為開迴路 運轉’所以無法估測轉速，只能根軸部設定的轉速得知，·啟 動後也就是無飾制元件的伽m彻反雜零點伯 測4號’再彻計數n計朗―獅喊時間，將其取倒數求 出頻率，此％即為馬達每秒内旋轉半圈的次數，並可獲得到馬 達實際每分鐘旋制次數。關定頻率做轉速的計算，確保每 16 200922108 ==_賴咖騎織爾輕行閉迴路 數值，每半_計數數值儲存，在經過計算可求得後料數 單相風扇馬達重新啟動原理如下： 針對單相風扇馬達運轉中或啟動時，受到大小不等的外力 幹擾’產生實際轉速無法追隨到命令值或風扇卡死不動等产 况’提出解決的機制，本發明中所研擬的策略為，若實月 命令縣超勒部的設定鋪，即職_的驅動開關 ^截止，使單相風扇馬達停止些許時間，錢重新開迴路啟 ’使其順利運轉至穩態。若馬達持續產生過大的誤差量，則 重新啟動n即會重覆上述的步驟，稍的嘗試重新啟動以至成 ^本機制可適用於任何的風扇馬達但須針對不同馬達的高低 逮特性’奴;?；_縣#財取。 - 實驗結果： 本發辦際麟單她概統，若干實驗結 =明如下：第十-_啟_卜财，先將轉找位，即 =開迴路運轉’再以無感測元件_方式運轉。第十二圖為 霍爾信號與_電㈣比_，當功率棚提前截止 寺’可偵測出反電勢。第十三圖為馬達線圈上的電壓與電流。 17 200922108 第十四圖及第十五圖分別為反電勢零點偵測器讀入的線圈電 壓及換相點。第十六圖為電壓與馬達轉速的響應圖，兩者的結 果相當一致使用霍爾效應元件及使用轉軸角度估測。第十七圖 為轉速響應圖，採取步階方式將電壓調升改變轉速。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本發明無感測元件之單相風扇馬達驅動系統之方塊 圖。 第二圖係習知單相風扇馬達功率轉換器(變頻器)之結構圖。 第三圖係習知脈波寬度調變示意圖。 第四圖係習知反電勢之交越零點示意圖。 第五圖係本發料相風躺達之购路_預設的轉速曲線。 第’、圖係本發解械麵達之開稱運轉的換相角度^ 第七圖係本發明單相風扇馬達之換相方式示意圖。 第八圖係習知轉子雜定位在正常磁極位置示意圖。 第九圖係習知轉子磁極定位在不正常磁極位置示意圖。 第十圖係本發明單相風扇騎之轉速估測計㈣示意圖。 第十圖係本發’歧動響應之賴電賴m系圖。 第十-圖係本發明功率觸及霍爾錢與、_電制比較圖。 第十二圖係本發明馬達的、_賴與電流關係圖。 ★圖係本《明反電勢零點伽彳ϋ讀人的線圈電壓數值。 18 200922108 第十五圖係本發明反電勢零點偵測器讀入的換相點訊號。 第十六圖係本發明單相風扇馬達之轉速與電壓的響應圖。 第十七圖係本發明單相風扇馬達之步階轉速響應圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 19Where k is the high potential time maintained in a unit period, and V/ is the low potential time j maintained in a unit period is the duty conduction period. As shown in the third figure, the carrier of an angular wave is compared with the input comparison wave. When the comparison wave level is higher than the carrier, the output is high. If it is lower than the carrier, the output is low. Therefore, the comparison wave is changed. The level of the 'level can generate different duties, the greater the duty cycle, the greater the average voltage obtained, the faster the speed of the single-phase fan horse; on the contrary, the lower the average voltage, the slower the speed. In addition, the method of judging the commutation point is to use the direct detection back EMF method to detect the actual back EMF after the power switch is turned off, and then use the back EMF zero point to judge the commutation. The calculated speed estimation uses the detected back EMF signal to pass the 12 200922108 speed _ calculation speed value. In the case of TM how to _ anti-potential mode, such as the four figures of the brothers, the counter-t potential crosses the zero point, and the power _ _ detects the counter-electric potential purchase number, the fine machine. When the timing of the GM is broken, the speed estimation and the sampling time of the signal converter are used to calculate the knives of the mother knife, and the time and signal converter of each turn are known. The sampling time is divided, and the number of sampling times of 1/4 turn is obtained, and the step-by-step can judge the switch closing time. The present invention uses the calculated count value as the rotational speed calculation, and determines (10) the _off and the _ back electromotive force. It is calculated as follows: Λ ^speed ^- ........................................ ........................Formula (3) τ TSpeeCj -^0/4) ^~7~.......... ..................................................... .... (4) τ XU4 ^ Ispeed(V4) τ .................. A'D .............. ...........................Formula (3) where AW rides the minute speed, 7; - for the time of paving each lion f 13 200922108 : The number of times the object (four) is rotated for the time required to rotate m. Set power = pass time is divided into the following according to the _ speed: species (four) ± Lige switch lead phase paste; the reward is about normal, the 疋 灼 is the normal commutation 85 〇 / 〇 turn-on time; , about normal commutation 9 two on time. At high speed, if the wear time = long 'will cause the rated speed to be _, adjust to positive tilt phase, day, and time ' at low speed because the back EMF information is small, so the switch is set to normal commutation 80% The time around. The self-starting principle of the single-phase fan motor is as follows: The single-phase fan motor without the shaft detecting component detects the back-EM potential and the miscellaneous phase of the parent scale when the switch is worn, so that when the horse is running, it can be ensured. The correct commute. However, when the motor has not started or is running at a low speed, the back EMF signal is very weak and cannot be calculated (four degrees), so a self-starting mechanism is required. The method for starting the relative loop of the present application mainly increases the intensity and frequency of the suspected magnetic field of the dice. When the rotating magnetic field is large enough to overcome the frictional force of the rotor and the static inertia, the rotor rotates synchronously with the magnetic field. However, the rotor magnetic _ initial oscillating is still unknown. If the stator magnetic field strength is too large, the rotor will have the opportunity to be attracted to the opposite side, resulting in unsuccessful starting. In addition, if the frequency of the rotating magnetic field of the stator is too fast, it will not be able to drive the rotor to rotate, causing vibration. 14 200922108 The starting strategy of the single-phase fan motor to open the circuit, based on: 5_~_枝_五_ What is the judgment of the commutation: I#月度木«(«) = ω(η-\) + formula (6 ).......................................... θ{η) = Θ{η ~\) + ω{η^τ Formula (7) ........................... Time, where W is the current speed, (4)) For the previous rotation speed, (8) is the current angle '(4) is the front-to-time angle, Α is a constant, 『When the sampling is started, when the commutation angle is calculated, the diversion is calculated as the commutation, and when the degree is calculated, The value is reset to zero and counted as shown in the sixth figure. The state after the start is to use the zero-point remuneration of the inversion anti-potential, and the switching direction of Shenqing must be judged according to the positive and negative of the back EMF. When the back EMF is from positive to negative, the power switch ^ and 7; On the contrary, the back EMF is from negative to positive, and the power switch is turned on. The way to detect the back EMF is to use the estimated speed to determine when the power switch is off. After the power switch is turned off, the zero point of the back EMF is detected to determine the commutation point. The method of detecting back EMF is shown in Figure 7. In the figure, the method of detecting the back EMF is to use the switch to close. If the commutation point has not been reached yet, the back EMF zero point needs to be detected to determine the positive and negative of the 2009 22108 back EMF and then commutate. The principle of single-phase fan motor rotor positioning is as follows: Since the single-phase fan motor rotor structure is designed to be asymmetric, its magnetic field distribution is not uniform, and it is easy to make a contribution. In the static recording scale, the money will normally stop at the fixed four magnetic pole positions. As shown in the eighth figure, if it is in a different position, the rotor must be fixed in the normal miscellaneous position, that is, the first conduction is as shown in the second figure. The power switch is shown as a small section of coffee, and it is determined that the transfer is scheduled to be in the preset position, and then the circuit is opened to avoid the reverse phenomenon. The execution mode is that the pilot switch d ’ determines the magnetic pole position and then turns off the _ off to perform the normal start of the open circuit. For example, the ninth figure, the positive magnetic material of the rotor is set at the normal magnetic pole position. The principle of the single-phase fan motor speed estimation is as follows: · The estimation method is divided into two micro-states of the start-up and the start-up mode, so the speed can not be estimated, and the speed can only be determined by the root axis. After starting, it is the gamma-reverse miscellaneous zero of the undecorated component, and the number 4 is 're-counting n, the lang-lion shouting time, and the reciprocal is used to find the frequency. The % is the motor rotating half a second. The number of times and the actual number of spins per minute to the motor. Set the frequency to calculate the speed, ensure that every 16 200922108 == _ Laijia riding weil light closed loop value, each half _ count value stored, after calculation can be obtained after the number of single-phase fan motor restart principle is as follows : For the single-phase fan motor during operation or start-up, it is affected by external forces of different sizes, and the mechanism that solves the problem that the actual speed cannot follow the command value or the fan is stuck is not solved. The strategy developed in the present invention. For example, if the real month orders the setting of the county super-learning department, the drive switch of the job _ is cut off, so that the single-phase fan motor stops for a little time, and the money re-opens the circuit to make it run smoothly to steady state. If the motor continues to generate an excessive amount of error, restarting n will repeat the above steps, a little attempt to restart so that the mechanism can be applied to any fan motor but must be different for different motor characteristics. ?;_县#财取. - Experimental results: This issue of the office, she is general, a number of experimental knots = as follows: Tenth - _ _ _ 财, first turn to find the position, that is = open loop operation 'and then no sense component _ way Running. The twelfth picture shows the Hall signal and the _ electric (four) ratio _, when the power shed is cut off early, the temple can detect the back EMF. The thirteenth picture shows the voltage and current on the motor coil. 17 200922108 The fourteenth and fifteenth figures are the coil voltage and commutation point read by the back EMF zero detector. Figure 16 shows the response of the voltage to the motor speed. The results are fairly consistent using Hall effect components and using the shaft angle estimate. The seventeenth figure is the speed response diagram, taking the step to increase the voltage and change the speed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The first figure is a block diagram of a single-phase fan motor drive system without sensing elements of the present invention. The second figure is a structural diagram of a conventional single-phase fan motor power converter (inverter). The third figure is a schematic diagram of the conventional pulse width modulation. The fourth picture is a schematic diagram of the zero crossing point of the conventional anti-potential. The fifth picture is the pre-set speed curve of the purchase of the wind phase of the hair. The first figure is a commutation angle of the opening operation of the mechanical release surface. The seventh figure is a schematic diagram of the commutation mode of the single-phase fan motor of the present invention. The eighth figure is a schematic diagram of the conventional rotor misalignment at the normal magnetic pole position. The ninth figure is a schematic diagram of the conventional rotor pole position being positioned at an abnormal magnetic pole position. The tenth figure is a schematic diagram of the speed estimation meter (four) of the single-phase fan riding of the present invention. The tenth figure is the diagram of the 'reaction response'. The tenth-picture is the comparison of the power of the present invention with the Hall money and the _ electric system. Figure 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the current and the current of the motor of the present invention. ★ The figure is the value of the coil voltage of the zero-point gamma reader. 18 200922108 The fifteenth figure is a commutation point signal read by the back EMF zero point detector of the present invention. Figure 16 is a response diagram of the rotational speed and voltage of a single phase fan motor of the present invention. Figure 17 is a diagram showing the step speed response of the single-phase fan motor of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 19