200918875 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一種光彈法檢測方法與運用於構件之殘餘應 力檢測方法，尤指一種可更快速判定出條紋級次與位置，而可改 善傳統光彈法人工觸級次的人為誤差與繁_處理過程，提供 更為快速、準確的光彈應力條紋級次判定法。 【先前技術】 按，光彈法係可分為穿透式光彈法及反射式光彈法兩種形 式，其中’反射式光彈法之裝置配置如第―圖所示，其係透過具 有暫時性雙折射現象之光彈薄膜緊密黏貼於預觀測構件上，當構 件受載重而發生顧，可真實的反_光彈貼片上，再經由反射 式光彈儀可直接觀_光彈薄膜上所產生之等色線及等傾線條 紋；光彈法(Photolasticity)是-種普遍、歷史悠久且發展成熟的實 驗應力分析技術，其利用偏極光(PolarizedUght)照射具透明性質 之高分子聚合物材料’可進行受力材料應力場與應變場之測定， 且應用細已由二維分析推至三雜間的應力、應變量測， 不只應用在彈性域’也擴張應用於塑性域，為簡單且可全域量測 的重要方法。 ' 光測力子巾之反射式光m種廣泛被細在構件表面之 應力、應變制的方法，當構件承受荷鱗，所赶之微小變形 能夠真實地反應出來，更可進—步反應出構件表面應力的分 形’反射式光彈法具有快速且可全域性量_優點，但習 應力條紋必縣^Tafdy 法等人為判财法，來欺光 級次與主應力’不但耗時且處理程序繁雜；反射式光彈法倍 利用白熾光為光源，暇現出來的光彈應力條紋為連續的彩色帶 200918875 有其代表之純’但f 須藉助人為 的方法進他對觸’故容録絲應力條紋級相狀 相當大的人為誤差。 並在經過長期發明設計後，終有本發明問世。 【發明内容】 緣疋，本發明之主要目的即在提供—種以數位影像處理技術 配口反射式光彈法，結合零次補償法理論與鮮懸臂樑試驗的光 彈法檢财法，以更快速欺祕紋級讀位置，細方便運用 於構件之殘餘應力之檢測。 本發明之—係—種光彈法檢财法，主要係以數位影像處理 技術配合反射式光彈法、零次平衡補償法及標準㈣樑試驗，利 用數位械娜反料光賴之彩色細應力敝影像，並利用 影像處理技術配合賴得之條紋級次RGB值，紗絲試驗中各 級次位置，判定光彈條紋級次與其相對應之RGB值，並獲得與光 彈應力全域分佈圖，再作條紋判讀與應力分析；其進行之步驟如 下： (1) 分析影像之擷取：影像讀取後，對標準懸臂樑上之光彈 貼片的尺寸大小進行剪裁，以得到欲分析的光彈貼片影像； (2) 影像平滑化處理：利用低通空間濾波(L〇w_pass FiUer)， 將影像做平滑化處理； ⑶RGB值的擷取：將平滑化的各條紋級次之影像，對標準 懸臂樑之刻劃上光彈影像之RGB值擷取，即可得到欲求之各條紋 級次與其相對應RGB值的關係； 200918875 (4) 影像差異化處理：將建立之標準光彈條紋級次RGB值與 平滑化處理後之影像，進行影像差異化處理，得到各光彈應力條 紋級次的差異化光彈影像； (5) 光彈條紋級次分離：差異化後之各光彈應力條紋級次的 光彈影像’其各級次相對應之RGB值皆為(〇,〇,〇)之色帶，利用影 像選取將其(0,0,0)之區域分離出來，將分離之區域向周圍擴充2個 像素，並將此區域填滿黑色，即完成分離之步驟，將各條紋級次 分離出來； (6) 衫像一值化處理：將所分離出來之帶狀條紋進行平滑 化’再利用二值化(Binary)功能，將分離出之帶狀的應力條紋轉換 成單純的二值影像’使條紋區塊與背景完全分離； ⑺影像骨锻化處理：利用骨锻化(Skeletonize)功能，將帶狀 之應力條紋轉換成一條單一像素的細線，此細線與原本帶狀條紋 之中心線相近’因此可以容易地判讀出級次位置； (8) 影像合成圖：將上個步驟分離出之應力條紋影像檔，利 用影像處理軟體進行影像的合成，即得到光彈條紋全域圖； (9) 判讀光彈影像全域圖：由繪圖軟體將經數位影像處理後 之光彈影像全域圖，得到各條紋級次所對應之位置進行座標讀取； (1〇)判讀量測區域内之應力條紋：將目前得到的等色線條紋 級次所相對應之座標，利用克利金線性内插法預測無條紋經過區 域之條紋級次值； (11) 計算量測區域之應力值：利用已量得光彈貼片内各資料 點之光彈絛紋級次值來求出各資料之最大剪應力； (12) 比較數值模擬與量測之應力值：將反射式光彈法量得之 最大剪應力分佈圖與數值模擬出之最大剪應力值進行誤差之比 200918875 較。 '本發明之另-係-種光彈法運用於構件殘餘應力之檢測方 法’主要係先於已承受外力變形之物體表面黏貼光彈貼片 ，並配 σ鑽孔法在光彈貼片上鑽孔’光彈貼片上之彩色光彈條紋即反應 出物體_孔而產生之紐’故·數位相機擷取反射式光彈法 之彩色光彈應力條紋影像，並_影像處理技術配合所獲得之條 紋級次腦值，蚊絲試財各級她置，欺絲條紋級次 與其相對應之RGB值，並獲得與麵應力全域分細，再作條紋 判讀與應力分析；其進行之步驟如下： ⑴分析影像之娜：影像讀取後，對鮮㈣樑上之光彈 貼片的尺寸大小進行剪裁’以得到欲分析的光彈貼片影像； (2) 影像平滑化處理：利用低通空間遽波(L〇w调sF ， 將影像做平滑化處理； (3) RGB值的#|取：將平滑化的各做級奴影像，對標準 懸臂樑之湖上絲f彡狀_值擷取，即可刺欲求之各條紋 級次與其相對應RGB值的關係； ⑷影像差異化處理··將建立之標準光彈條紋級次腦值 與平滑化處理後之縣，進㈣像差異化處理，得到各光彈應力 條紋級次的差異化光彈影像； ⑸光彈條紋級次分離：差異化後之各光彈應力條紋級次的 光彈影像’其各級次相對應之RGB值皆為(〇,〇,〇)之色帶，利用影 像選取將其(〇,〇,〇)之區域分離出來，將分離之區域向周圍擴充2個 像素，並將此區域填滿黑色，即完成分離之步驟，將各條紋級次 分離出來； (6)影像二值化處理：將所分離出來之帶狀條紋進行平滑 200918875 化’再利用二值化(Binary)功能，將分離出之帶狀的應力條紋轉換 成單純的二值影像，使條紋區塊與背景完全分離； (7 )影像骨骸化處理：利用骨骸化(Skeiet〇nize)功能，將帶狀 之應力條紋轉換成一條單一像素的細線，此細線與原本帶狀條紋 之中心線相近，因此可以容易地判讀出級次位置； (8) 影像合成圖：將上個步驟分離出之應力條紋影像檔，利 用影像處理軟體進行影像的合成，即得到光彈條紋全域圖； (9) 判讀光彈影像全域圖：由繪圖軟體將經數位影像處理後 之光彈影像全域圖，得到各條紋級次所對應之位置進行座標讀取； (10 )判讀量測區域内之應力條紋：將目前得到的等色線條 紋級次所相對應之座標，利用克利金線性内插法預測無條紋經過 區域之條紋級次值； (11) 計算量測區域之應力值：利用已量得光彈貼片内各資 料點之光彈絛紋級次值來求出各資料之最大剪應力； (12) 比較數值模擬與量測之應力值：將反射式光彈法量得 之最大剪應力分佈圖與數值模擬出之最大剪應力值進行誤差之比 較。 在上述發明中，鑽孔法係可應用在預力混凝土上，首先在預 力混凝土上黏貼光彈貼片，對光彈貼片進行鑽孔，再對混凝土進 行不同孔徑之鑽孔，利用反射式光彈儀配合數位相機擷取不同深 度之光彈應力條紋級棚’及糊鮮光賴力條岐次之rgb 值，進行彩色光彈條紋影像之數位影像技術處理後，即可得到各 鑽孔深度之等色線全域圖，以利作條紋判讀與應力分析。 在上述發明中，鑽孔法係可應用在已變形之鋼構件上，首先 先將鋼構件待測位置上之表面塗料去除並黏貼光彈貼片後，接著 200918875 再進行鑽孔法釋放應力，並利用反射式光彈儀及數位相機進行資 料的擷取拍攝後’即可進行數位影像處理，進而分析計算出該鋼 構件之殘餘應力。 ^ 【實施方式】 為詳細說明本發明之方法及可達致之效果及功效，茲舉以下 較佳可行實施例配合附圖詳述說明如下，俾利方便深入瞭解。 因本發明係關於光彈法的檢測方法，以及將光彈法運用於構 件之殘餘應力檢測方法，故會有數種不同實施例，以下茲以實驗 模式進行各實施例之說明。 本發明第一實施例係使用標準懸臂樑配合零次平衡補償法來 杈正試驗光彈法檢測方法，其中利用零次平衡補償法（NBc補償 法）可以精確地判定量測條紋級次，因NBC補償器可產生一個與 光彈薄膜相反的相位差訊號，當所加入的相反訊號與光彈貼片所 反應的訊鮮量時，魏號將完整相消，此時在該光行進路徑上 將；又有雙折射現象，而產生一條級次為零的等色線 (Isochromatic) ’該條紋為一灰黑色條紋，利用此一平衡關係，讀 取補償器上的讀數，而該讀數即為黑色條紋所在位置原來的光彈 條紋級次（N值）。 -本發明第一實施例係將標準懸臂樑置於全暗場環境下，設定 標準懸臂樑上光彈貼片位置量測之照度值為娜lux，再利用數位 相機手動模式設定細值為刚及朗值為⑽秒，以原生槽案 j RAW)的格式儲存由反射式光彈儀所擷取標準懸臂樑上的光彈 f像（如表—所示）’同時將其影像經過數位影像技術處理後，可 得到各光彈條紋級次影像相賴之RGB值（如表二所示）；其中， 數位影像處理技術步驟如下： 200918875 (1) 分析影像之擷取：影像讀取後，對標準懸臂樑上之光彈 貼片的尺寸大小進行剪裁，以得到欲分析的光彈貼片影像； (2) 影像平滑化處理：利用低通空間濾波(^^以沾FiUer)， 將影像做平滑化處理，因光彈影像中，會呈現色階不連續之情況， 所以為了賴臂樑試驗的應力條紋·上各像素彼此之灰階差異 不大’故進行影像平滑化； (3) RGB值的擷取：將平滑化的各條紋級次之影像，對標準 懸臂樑之刻劃上光彈影像之RGB值擷取，即可得到欲求之各條紋 級次與其相對應RGB值的關係； (4) 影像差異化處理：將建立之標準光彈條紋級次RGB值與 平滑化處理後之影像，進行影像差異化處理，得到各光彈應力條 紋級次的差異化光彈影像； (5) 光彈條紋級次分離：差異化後之各光彈應力條紋級次的 光彈影像，其各級次相對應之RGB值皆為(〇,〇,〇)之色帶，利用影 像選取將其(0,0,0)之區域分離出來，將分離之區域向周圍擴充2個 像素，並將此區域填滿黑色，即完成分離之步驟，將各條紋級次 分離出來； (6) 影像二值化處理：為了能更準確地判斷條紋級次所在之 位置’將所分離出來之帶狀條紋進行平滑化，再利用二值化(Binary) 功能，將分離出之帶狀的應力條紋轉換成單純的二值影像，使條 紋區塊與背景完全分離，以利於肉眼辨識與骨骸化之運算； (7) 影像骨骸化處理：利用骨骸化(Skelet〇nize)功能，將帶狀 之應力條紋轉換成-條單-像素的細線’此細線與原本帶狀條紋 之中心線相近，因此可以容易地判讀出級次位置； (8) 影像合成圖：將上個步驟分離出之應力條紋影像檔利 200918875 ^著’、♦即可進行條紋判讀及應力分析之工作，其步驟如下. 夕本二，讀光彈影像全域圖：由賴軟體將經數位影像處理狳 〜象全域圖’得到各條紋級次所對應之位置進行座標讀取. (2) 判讀量測區域内之應力條紋：將目前得到的 ’ (3) 計算量測區域之應力值：利用已量得光彈貼片内 點之光彈絛紋級次值來求出各賴之最大剪應力； (4) t匕較數值模擬與量測之應力值：將反射式光彈法量得之 敢大剪應力分佈圖與數讎擬出之最大剪應力值進行誤差之 較。 匕 本發月第—實施例係應用反射式光彈法與影像處理技術，並 配合鐵孔法進行預力混凝土之殘餘應力量測。鑽孔法量測殘餘應 力之基本顧是輯觀已受預力狀態τ，在㈣之表面予以^ 孔因材料開孔其應力場重新分配，而產生材料應變，又因垂直 於材料自由面之應力必然會釋放出來，再利用光彈貼片來量測構 件的應力釋放，進而推導構件表面處的殘餘應力。 本發明第二實施例下列方法步驟針對預力混凝土之殘餘 應力作試驗： 0)使用由㈣合金所製造而成之標㈣臂標，黏貼 25 mm x76mm之光彈貼片，將標準懸臂樑表面平整化，調製黏著劑並將 光彈貼片黏貼於標準懸臂樑上（如第二圖所示）。 (b)利用反射式光彈儀所附之基座，將數位相機架設於反射 式光彈儀之後方，將NBC爾n架設在反射式光彈儀之檢光鏡所 預留位置上’並將補償H上的讀數歸零，亦需要將檢光鏡上中間 12 200918875 的標有COMPENSATOR難歸零，放雜㈣校正儀位置應在 NBC補償器上圓形觀測窗的中間位置。 (c)將反射式光彈儀轉換到量^測等色線模式，並依補償器上 的數位計數器之讀數，配合讀數與j条紋級次間之關係圖，即查得 補償器讀數所對應的條紋級次N值。 ' (d)利用零次平衡補償器上的圓形觀測窗觀察光彈貼片，加 載懸#樑讓各條紋級次N值所代表之級次為零的灰黑色條紋中心 位於懸臂樑刻度上。 (e)利用數位相機設定模式來拍攝標準懸臂樑上各條紋級 次光彈貼片影像’進行數位影像處理，來取得所需的光彈條紋級 次之RGB值。 (0製作1個15cmxl5cmx30cm矩形混凝土試體，水灰比為 0.6。 · (g) 切割出3αηχ3αη大小之光彈貼片，並將混凝土試體欲 黏貼光彈貼片的表面平整化’且在預黏貼光彈貼片範圍之周圍貼 上耀帶。 (h) 以動態試驗機對矩形樑試體加載一均勻且等速率之預 應力’將其預應力固定至8.72MPa。 (i) 調製黏著劑並將光彈貼片黏貼於混凝土試體上，其試體 與黏貼位置（如第三圖所示）。 八" if目電_進行混凝土試_孔’先以4_之鑽頭鑽 入光彈貼片，再以3mm之鑽頭鑽入混凝土。 架設反料光_，酬室崎有 動模式奴，將照片之解析度調整至最高，設定 光圈值為F8.0、快門值為3〇，並酬閃光燈，鑽孔^ 示，再擷取光彈等色線應力條紋圖。 又表二所 13 200918875 表三光彈貼片上鑽孔深度 鑽子L深度 鑽孔孔徑~ 鑽光彈貼片 --------- 4mm 鑽混凝土 0.5cm 3mm 鑽混凝土 1.0cm 3mm 鑽混凝土 1.5cm 3mm _鑽混凝土 2.0cm 3mm 鑽混凝土 2.5cm 3mm ---------- 以標準懸臂樑校正試驗進行光彈影像擷取，由影像處理可得 到各光彈應力級娜像所對狀RGB灰階值（如表四所示）， 表四可知各條紋級次之RGB灰階值皆不同，且顏色可清楚的辨 識，有利於數位影像處理與判斷，其光彈條紋級次與對應之rgb 灰階值可作為級次判定之標準。 表四光彈條紋影像所對應之RGB值 Sony DSC-F707 ISQ1QQ 光圈 F8.0 快門 30200918875 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a photoelastic method and a method for detecting residual stress applied to a component, and more particularly to a method for determining the stripe order and position more quickly. Improve the human error and the traditional processing process of the traditional photoelastic method, and provide a faster and more accurate photoelastic stress fringe level determination method. [Prior Art] According to the photoelastic method, it can be divided into two types: the transmissive photoelastic method and the reflective photoelastic method. The device configuration of the 'reflective photoelastic method is as shown in the first figure. The photoelastic film of the temporary birefringence phenomenon is closely adhered to the pre-observation member, and when the member is subjected to the load, the real anti-photoelastic patch can be directly viewed by the reflective photoelastic device. The isochromatic lines and isopic stripes produced on the surface; Photolasticity is a universal, long-established and mature experimental stress analysis technique that uses PolarizedUght to illuminate a polymer with transparent properties. The material 'can be used to measure the stress field and strain field of the stressed material, and the application fine has been pushed from the two-dimensional analysis to the stress and strain measurement of the three miscellaneous, not only applied in the elastic domain but also applied to the plastic domain. An important and simple method for global measurement. The reflection type light of the light measuring force sub-meter is widely used to stress and strain the surface of the component. When the component bears the scale, the small deformation can be truly reflected, and the reaction can be further reflected. The fractal 'reflective photoelastic method of the surface stress of the component has a fast and global mass _ advantage, but the artificial stress fringe must be ^Tafdy method and other human judgment methods, to bully the level and the main stress 'not only time-consuming and processing The program is complicated; the reflective photoelastic method uses the incandescent light as the light source, and the emerging photoelastic stress fringes are continuous color bands. 200918875 has its pure meaning, but f must use artificial methods to enter his touch. The silk stress fringes are quite large in human error. And after a long period of invention and design, the invention is finally available. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a photo-elastic method for digital image processing technology with a reflective image photoelastic method, a combination of zero-compensation method theory and a fresh cantilever beam test. It is more convenient to detect the residual stress of the component. The invention relates to a photoelastic method for detecting money, mainly adopting digital image processing technology with reflection type photoelastic method, zero-order balance compensation method and standard (four) beam test, and utilizing the digital color of the digital device Stress 敝 image, and use image processing technology to match the RGB value of the stripe level of the ray, the sub-position of the yarn test, determine the photo-elastic stripe level and its corresponding RGB value, and obtain the global distribution map of the photoelastic stress. Then, the stripe interpretation and stress analysis are performed; the steps are as follows: (1) Analysis of the image: After the image is read, the size of the photoelastic patch on the standard cantilever beam is tailored to obtain the analysis. Photoelastic patch image; (2) Image smoothing processing: smoothing the image by low-pass spatial filtering (L〇w_pass FiUer); (3) RGB value capturing: smoothing the image of each stripe level, The RGB value of the standard cantilever beam is drawn to obtain the relationship between the desired stripe level and its corresponding RGB value; 200918875 (4) Image Differentiation Processing: The standard photoelastic stripe to be established level The RGB value and the smoothed image are subjected to image differentiation processing to obtain a differentiated photoelastic image of each photoelastic stress fringe level; (5) Photoelastic stripe level separation: different photoelastic stress fringes after differentiation The level of the photo-elastic image 'the corresponding RGB values are all (〇, 〇, 〇) ribbons, using the image selection to separate the area of (0,0,0), the separated area Expanding 2 pixels to the surroundings and filling the area with black, that is, the step of separating is completed, and the stripe levels are separated; (6) The shirt image is binarized: smoothing the separated strip stripes 'Reuse the Binary function to convert the separated strip-shaped stress fringes into a simple binary image' to completely separate the stripe from the background; (7) Image bone forging: using bone forging (Skeletonize The function is to convert the strip-shaped stress fringes into a single pixel thin line, which is close to the center line of the original strip-shaped stripe. Therefore, it is easy to judge the order position; (8) Image composite map: the last step Separated stress fringe image The file is processed by the image processing software to obtain the whole picture of the photoelastic stripe; (9) The whole picture of the photoelastic image is interpreted: the whole image of the photoelastic image processed by the digital image by the drawing software, and the stripe level is obtained. Coordinate reading is performed at the corresponding position; (1〇) Stress fringes in the measurement area: the coordinates corresponding to the currently obtained isochromatic stripe order are used to predict the stripe-free passing area by Kriging linear interpolation (7) Calculating the stress value of the measurement area: determining the maximum shear stress of each data by using the photoelastic gradation level of each data point in the photo-elastic patch; (12) Comparing the numerical simulation and measurement of the stress value: the ratio of the maximum shear stress distribution obtained by the reflective photoelastic method to the numerical simulation of the maximum shear stress value is compared with 200918875. 'The other method of the invention--the method for detecting the residual stress of the component by the photoelastic method' is mainly applied to the surface of the object which has been subjected to external force deformation, and is attached to the photoelastic patch by the σ drilling method. Drilling the colored photo-elastic stripe on the photo-elastic patch reflects the object_hole and generates the new one. Therefore, the digital camera captures the color-elastic fringe image of the reflective photoelastic method, and the image processing technology cooperation institute Obtained the stripe-level sub-brain value, the mosquito test level, she set the RGB value corresponding to the stripe level and obtain the fineness of the surface stress, and then perform the stripe interpretation and stress analysis; As follows: (1) Analyze the image of the image: After the image is read, trim the size of the photoelastic patch on the fresh (four) beam to obtain the image of the photoelastic patch to be analyzed; (2) Image smoothing: low utilization Passing space chopping (L〇w adjusts sF, smoothing the image; (3) RGB value #| fetch: smoothing each leveling slave image, on the standard cantilever beam on the lake Capture, you can click on each stripe level and its corresponding RGB value (4) Image differentiation processing · The standard photoelastic stripe sub-brain value and the smoothed processing of the county, the (4) image differentiation process, to obtain the different photoelastic images of the photoelastic stress fringe level; (5) Photoelastic stripe level separation: the photoelastic image of each photoelastic stress fringe level after the difference is 'the corresponding RGB value of each level is (〇, 〇, 〇) ribbon, which will be selected by image The area of (〇, 〇, 〇) is separated, and the separated area is expanded by 2 pixels to the periphery, and the area is filled with black, that is, the separation step is completed, and the stripe levels are separated; (6) Image Binarization: The separated strips are smoothed and the 'Binary' function is used to convert the separated strips into simple binary images, so that the strips are The background is completely separated; (7) Image osteotomy: Using the Skeiet〇nize function, the band-shaped stress fringes are converted into a single pixel thin line, which is close to the center line of the original stripe stripe, so Easy to read out Secondary position; (8) Image composite image: The image of the stress fringe separated from the previous step, and the image processing software is used to synthesize the image, that is, the whole image of the photoelastic stripe is obtained; (9) The whole image of the photoelastic image is interpreted: The drawing software will perform the global image of the photoelastic image processed by the digital image, and obtain the coordinate corresponding to the position corresponding to each stripe level; (10) The stress fringe in the measurement measurement area: the currently obtained isochromatic line stripe level The coordinates corresponding to the second time are used to predict the fringe level of the stripe-free passing region by using Kriging's linear interpolation method; (11) Calculating the stress value of the measured area: using the light of each data point in the photo-elastic patch The maximum shear stress of each data is obtained by the value of the elastic ridge level; (12) The numerical value of the numerical simulation and the measured stress value: the maximum shear stress distribution obtained by the reflective photoelastic method and the numerical simulation of the maximum shear The stress values are compared for errors. In the above invention, the drilling method can be applied to the pre-stressed concrete, firstly sticking the photo-elastic patch on the pre-stressed concrete, drilling the photo-elastic patch, and then drilling the concrete with different apertures, using reflection The photoelastic instrument is combined with a digital camera to capture the rgb values of the photoelastic stress fringe sheds of different depths and the gradation of the light ray strips. After the digital image technique of the color photoelastic stripe image is processed, the drills can be obtained. The full-color map of the contour of the hole depth for stripe interpretation and stress analysis. In the above invention, the drilling method can be applied to the deformed steel member. First, the surface coating on the steel member to be tested is first removed and adhered to the photoelastic patch, and then the drilling method is used to release the stress in 200918875. After using the reflective photoelastic instrument and the digital camera to capture the data, the digital image processing can be performed, and the residual stress of the steel member can be analyzed and calculated. [Embodiment] In order to explain the method of the present invention and the effects and effects thereof, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are convenient for further understanding. Since the present invention relates to a method of detecting a photoelastic method and a method of detecting a residual stress using a photoelastic method for a member, there are several different embodiments, and the description of each embodiment will be made below in an experimental mode. The first embodiment of the present invention uses a standard cantilever beam with zero-order balance compensation method to correct the test method of the photoelastic method, wherein the zero-order balance compensation method (NBc compensation method) can accurately determine the measurement stripe level, because The NBC compensator can generate a phase difference signal opposite to the photoelastic film. When the opposite signal is added and the amount of signal reflected by the photoelastic patch, the Wei will completely cancel, and the light path is on the path. There will be a birefringence phenomenon, and a level zero (Isochromatic) will be generated. 'The stripe is a gray-black stripe. Using this balance, the reading on the compensator is read, and the reading is The position of the black stripe is the original photo-strip level (N value). - In the first embodiment of the present invention, the standard cantilever beam is placed in a full dark field environment, and the illuminance value of the position of the photoelastic patch on the standard cantilever beam is set to be lux, and the fine value is set by the manual mode of the digital camera. And the singular value is (10) seconds, in the format of the native slot j RAW), the photoreceptor image (as shown in the table) captured by the reflective photoelastic device is captured in the format of the original photogram (also shown in the table). After the technical processing, the RGB values of the photo-striped sub-images can be obtained (as shown in Table 2); wherein the digital image processing technology steps are as follows: 200918875 (1) Analysis of the image: After the image is read, The size of the photoelastic patch on the standard cantilever beam is cut to obtain the photoelastic patch image to be analyzed; (2) Image smoothing processing: using low-pass spatial filtering (^^ to smear the FiUer), the image is imaged Smoothing is performed, because the photo-elastic image will show discontinuity of color gradation. Therefore, in order to reduce the gray-scale difference between the stress fringes of the arm beam test and the pixels, the image smoothing is performed. (3) RGB value capture: smoothed The image of the stripe level is used to extract the RGB values of the photometric image of the standard cantilever beam, so as to obtain the relationship between the desired stripe level and its corresponding RGB value; (4) Image differentiation processing: will be established The standard photoelastic stripe RGB values and the smoothed image are subjected to image differentiation processing to obtain different photoelastic images of each photoelastic stress fringe level; (5) Photoelastic stripe level separation: differentiation After the photoelastic image of each photoelastic stress fringe level, the corresponding RGB values of each level are (〇, 〇, 〇), and the area of (0, 0, 0) is selected by image selection. Separate, expand the separated area to 2 pixels around, and fill this area with black, that is, complete the separation step, separate the stripe levels; (6) Image binarization: in order to be more accurate Judging the position of the stripe level, 'smoothing the separated stripe stripe, and then using the Binary function to convert the separated strip-shaped stress stripe into a simple binary image, so that the stripe area The block is completely separated from the background for the naked eye (7) Image osteotomy: The use of the Skelet〇nize function to convert the band-shaped stress fringes into a strip-pixel-thin line 'this thin line and the center of the original strip-like stripe The lines are close, so the readout position can be easily judged; (8) Image composite map: The stress fringe image separated from the previous step is 200918875 ^, ♦ can perform stripe interpretation and stress analysis, The steps are as follows. 夕本二, reading the whole image of the photo-projectile image: the processing of the digital image by the Lai software is performed, and the position corresponding to each stripe level is obtained for coordinate reading. (2) Interpreting the measurement area Stress fringes: the currently obtained '(3) Calculate the stress value of the measurement area: use the photoelastic gradation level of the measured point inside the photo-elastic patch to determine the maximum shear stress of each; t匕Compared with the numerical simulation and measurement of the stress value: the error of the dashed large shear stress distribution obtained by the reflective photoelastic method and the maximum shear stress value calculated by the number of 雠.匕 The first part of this month is the application of reflective photoelastic method and image processing technology, and the residual stress measurement of pre-stressed concrete is carried out by the iron hole method. The basic consideration of the residual stress measured by the drilling method is that the pre-stress state τ has been observed. On the surface of (4), the hole is redistributed due to the material opening, and the material strain is generated, and the material is perpendicular to the free surface of the material. The stress is inevitably released, and the photoelastic patch is used to measure the stress release of the member, thereby deriving the residual stress at the surface of the member. In the second embodiment of the present invention, the following method steps are tested for the residual stress of the pre-stressed concrete: 0) using the standard (4) arm mark manufactured by the (4) alloy, pasting the 25 mm x 76 mm photoelastic patch, and the standard cantilever beam surface Flatten, modulate the adhesive and attach the photoelastic patch to the standard cantilever beam (as shown in Figure 2). (b) using the pedestal attached to the reflective photoelastic device, the digital camera is placed behind the reflective photoelastic device, and the NBC is placed on the position of the mirror of the reflective photoelastic instrument. Zeroing the reading on the compensation H also requires that the middle of the lens on the lens 12 200918875 marked with COMPENSATOR difficult to return to zero, and the position of the calibration instrument should be in the middle of the circular observation window on the NBC compensator. (c) Convert the reflective photoelastic to the color measurement mode, and according to the reading of the digital counter on the compensator, match the reading with the j-strip level, that is, check the compensator reading Corresponding fringe level N value. (d) Observing the photoelastic patch using the circular observation window on the zero-order balance compensator, loading the suspension #beam so that the gray-black stripe center of the order of the N-values represented by each stripe level is zero on the cantilever beam scale. . (e) Digital image processing is performed by using the digital camera setting mode to capture the image of each stripe-level photo-elastic patch on the standard cantilever beam to obtain the desired RGB value of the photo-elastic stripe level. (0) Make a 15cmxl5cmx30cm rectangular concrete specimen with a water-cement ratio of 0.6. · (g) Cut a photo-elastic patch of 3αηχ3αη size and flatten the surface of the concrete specimen to be applied to the photo-elastic patch' (a) Apply a uniform and constant rate of pre-stress to the rectangular beam specimen by a dynamic testing machine to fix its pre-stress to 8.72 MPa. (i) Modification of the adhesive The photo-elastic patch is adhered to the concrete sample body, and the test body and the adhesive position (as shown in the third figure). Eight " if eye electricity _ carry out the concrete test _ hole' first drilled into the light with a 4_ bit Play the patch, then drill into the concrete with a 3mm drill bit. Set up the reverse light _, pay the room slave mode, adjust the resolution of the photo to the highest, set the aperture value to F8.0, the shutter value is 3〇, and Reward flash, drill ^ display, and then draw the color fringe stress fringe pattern. Also in Table 2 13 200918875 Table 3 Photoelastic patch on the drill hole depth L hole drilling aperture ~ Drilling light patch -- ------- 4mm drill concrete 0.5cm 3mm drill concrete 1.0cm 3mm drill concrete 1.5cm 3mm _Drilling concrete 2.0cm 3mm Drilling concrete 2.5cm 3mm ---------- The photo-elastic image is captured by the standard cantilever beam calibration test. The image processing can obtain the RGB of each photoelastic stress level. The gray scale value (as shown in Table 4), Table 4 shows that the RGB gray scale values of each stripe level are different, and the color can be clearly identified, which is beneficial to digital image processing and judgment, and the photoelastic stripe order and corresponding The rgb gray scale value can be used as the standard for the level determination. Table 4 RGB values corresponding to the photoelastic stripe image Sony DSC-F707 ISQ1QQ aperture F8.0 shutter 30
像^彈應力I文級次之職值，進行彩色光彈條紋影 2 像歧，可得各飢深度之料線全_ (如第四圖 附圖（〇〜（f)所示）。 位縣處理之光彈應力條紋全域圖，經_ 片上之最大剪應力之釋放應力分_，將量陶得各航深度之 200918875 表面光彈最大剪應力與彈性力學理論解進行比較，取0。、90。、180。 和270。四個方向進行探討（如第五圖所示請參閱第六圖之附圖 (a)〜（d)所示’附圖（a)為〇。方向不同鑽礼深度之最大剪應 力分佈’顯示數位反射式光彈法與鑽孔法所得之釋放應力趨勢跟 理論解趨勢一致，且鑽孔深度越深，釋放應力越大，在最接近鑽 孔位置可得到最大剪應力約〇.5MPa小於理論值17MPa;附圖（b ) 為90°方向不同鑽孔深度之最大剪應力分佈，顯示數位反射式光彈 法與鑽孔法所得之釋放應力趨勢跟理論解趨勢一致，可在最接近 鑽孔位置可得到最大剪應力的釋放值約4.4Mpa，與理論值3.2MPa 較為接近；附圖（<：)為180。方向不同鑽孔深度之最大剪應力分佈， 顯示數位反射式光彈法與鑽孔法所得之釋放應力的趨勢跟理論解 趨勢一致，在最接近鑽孔位置可得到約3.8MPa最大剪應力大於理 論值1.7MPa;附圖⑷為270。方向不同錢孔深度之最大剪應力 分佈，顯示數位反射式光彈法與鑽孔法所得之釋放應力的趨勢跟 理論解趨勢—致，在最紐航位置可得到最大魏力的釋放值 約5MPa大於理論值3.2MPa。 將附圖（a)與附圖（c)進行比對，可得知在〇。方向最大剪 應力釋放明顯比180。方向小很多，可能因實際鑽入混凝土時鑽孔 偏向於光彈貼片180。方向，若鑽孔位置偏心時，光彈貼片18〇方 向會有明顯的應力集中現象，故造成180。方向釋放應力較明顯， 也比理論值大，且在〇。方向便遠離鑽孔位置較無應力集中現象， 故〇°方向光彈預測釋放應力較不明顯且比理論值小；由光彈影像 第四圖附圖（f)觀察，其整體釋放情形大致以對稱方式來釋放， 在〇°方向所預測之釋放應力比理論值低，可能因條紋級次過少或 離散影響整體條關賴應力計算之誤差；在27G。方向預測釋放 15 200918875 應力比理論值高’也可能因此原因所引起的，由第六圖附圖（b) 與第六圖附圖（d)進行比對’可得知9〇。方向與270。方向之最大 剪應力的釋放相當一致，且由理論值可知接近光彈鑽孔位置有明 顯的釋放應力，實驗值可得到與理論值相同的趨勢，理論值釋放 趨於緩慢，而實驗值趨於零，因在9〇。方向與270。方向其應力值是 拉應力，且混凝土不是一個完全均值等向的試體，故混凝土鑽孔 後釋放的拉應力對光彈反應並沒有釋放的壓應力明顯，故9〇。與 270°方向在遠離貼片鑽孔位置其釋放應力小，則其光彈應力條紋 並不明顯，而接近貼片鑽孔位置其釋放應力變大，則光彈應力條 紋明顯的舰，造成絲在9G。與270。方向其釋放應力迅速釋放而 趨近於零之原因，所以當預壓應力愈大時，等色條紋級次明顯， 即可減少此影響。 ，本發明第三實施娜細鑛射光彈法與差異化影像處理技 術，並配合鑽孔法進行基礎***鋼構件之殘餘應力量測。因地質 改良造成基礎***變形而使得於鋼樑與鋼柱構件發生不可預期之 内應力，應用反射式光彈法與鑽孔法量測可分析此内應力之大 小’量測雜首先將制位置之表面塗料去除，錄貼光彈貼片 ，進行鑽孔法釋放應力（如第七騎示），並·反料光彈儀及 高階數位城進行資料賴取賴，進行·影像處理技術及應 力分析評估；反射式光彈法與觀法量測絲麻鋼柱於量測位 置因***而產i之内應力以最大剪應力(光彈應力條紋)分佈等高 線圖如第八@所示’其最大值為73Mpa，鋼樑於量測位置因*** 而產生之内應力以最大剪應力分佈等高賴如第九騎示，其最 大值為182.4Mpa。 由上述諸實施例之說明可得，本發明至少具有下列優點及功 16 200918875 效： i.本發明利用標準懸臂樑法合 標準條紋HRGB ，— 杨_法，建立判斷 ^ B /有利於光彈影像利用數位影像處理# 術進订差異化_ ’提高反射式 H讀處理技 級次之判额準雜。 〜純光彈應力條紋 2. 凝土之數Γ賴絲讀紐，可實際量測得賴混 法可實=ΖΓ峨㈣力’崎㈣之檢測方 實際制於目錢_量測之預力混凝土朗應力與發生變 开/之結構構件之内應力評估。 、 3.本發日月利用數位光彈法配合鑽孔法，可實際量測構件發生 内應力之變化_ ’進行構件全域性之#_評估，以提供/後 相關結構分析與修復補強之參考依據。 綜合上述，本發明深具產業上利用價值，又不曾見諸昔時， 亦不曾見諸公開公知，故完全合於發明專利成立之要件，爰請依 法核准，實感德便。 200918875 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖所示係習知反射式光彈法之基本配置圖 第二圖所示係本發明第三實施例懸臂樑之尺寸與光彈貼片位置 圖 第三圖所示係本發明第三實施例預施外力混凝土試體之示竞圖 第四圖所示係本發明第三實施例不同鑽孔深度之等色線條紋級 次圖 ， 第五圖所示係本發明第三實施例最大剪應力分佈在不同方向之 示意圖 第六圖所示係本發明第三實施例在各方向不同鑽孔深度表面全 域最大剪應力值之示意圖 第七圖所示係本發明第四實施例鋼構構件與光彈應力量測位置 之不意圖 第八圖所示係本發明第四實施例鋼柱表面最大剪應力之分佈等 南線圖 第九圖所示係本發明第四實施例鋼樑表面最大剪應力之分佈等 tIj線圖 【主要元件符號說明】 18Like the value of the second level of the elastic stress I, the color photo-elastic stripe image 2 image, the material line of each hunger depth can be obtained (as shown in the fourth figure (〇~(f)). The full-scale map of the photoelastic stress fringes processed by the county is compared with the release stress of the maximum shear stress on the _, and the maximum shear stress of the surface photoelasticity of the 200918875 surface is compared with the theoretical solution of the elastic mechanics, taking 0., 90 , 180, and 270. The four directions are discussed (as shown in the fifth figure, please refer to the figure (a) to (d) of the sixth figure. 'With reference to the figure (a), the direction is different. The maximum shear stress distribution' shows that the trend of the release stress obtained by the digital reflection photoelastic method and the drilling method is consistent with the theoretical solution trend, and the deeper the drilling depth, the greater the release stress, and the maximum shear can be obtained closest to the drilling position. The stress is about 55. 5MPa is less than the theoretical value of 17MPa; the figure (b) is the maximum shear stress distribution of different drilling depths in the 90° direction, showing that the release stress trend obtained by the digital reflection photoelastic method and the drilling method is consistent with the theoretical solution trend. , the maximum shear stress can be obtained closest to the drilling position The release value is about 4.4Mpa, which is close to the theoretical value of 3.2MPa; the figure (<:) is 180. The maximum shear stress distribution of different drilling depths in the direction shows the release stress obtained by digital reflection photoelastic method and drilling method. The trend is consistent with the theoretical solution trend. The maximum shear stress of about 3.8 MPa is greater than the theoretical value of 1.7 MPa at the nearest drilling position; the maximum shear stress distribution at different cell depths is shown in Fig. 4 (4), showing digital reflective light. The trend of the release stress obtained by the elastic method and the drilling method is related to the theoretical solution trend. The release value of the maximum Wei force at the most navigating position is about 5 MPa larger than the theoretical value of 3.2 MPa. Figure (a) and the attached drawing ( c) The comparison shows that the maximum shear stress release in the direction is much smaller than that in the direction of 180. The hole may be biased toward the photoelastic patch 180 when actually drilling into the concrete. Direction, if the drilling position is eccentric The light-elastic patch will have obvious stress concentration in the direction of 18〇, so it will cause 180. The direction-releasing stress is more obvious, and it is larger than the theoretical value, and it is in the direction of 〇. The direction is far away from the drilling position and there is no stress concentration phenomenon. ° direction The predicted release stress of the bomb is less obvious and smaller than the theoretical value; as observed by the fourth image of the photoelastic image (f), the overall release is released in a symmetrical manner, and the predicted release stress ratio in the 〇° direction is theoretical. Low, may be due to the fringe level is too small or discrete affects the error of the overall strip stress calculation; in 27G. Directional prediction release 15 200918875 Stress is higher than the theoretical value 'may also be caused by the reason, by the sixth figure (b) Corresponding to the drawing (d) of the sixth figure, it can be seen that the direction is the same as the release of the maximum shear stress of 270. The theoretical value shows that there is obvious release stress near the position of the photoelastic drilling. The experimental value can get the same trend as the theoretical value, the theoretical value release tends to be slow, and the experimental value tends to zero, due to 9〇. Direction with 270. The stress value of the direction is the tensile stress, and the concrete is not a full-mean isotropic test body. Therefore, the tensile stress released by the concrete after drilling has no obvious compressive stress on the photoelastic reaction, so 9〇. When the release stress is small in the 270° direction away from the patch drilling position, the photoelastic stress fringes are not obvious, and the release stress becomes larger near the patch drilling position, and the photoelastic stress streaks are obvious, causing the wire At 9G. With 270. The direction of release stress is rapidly released and approaches zero, so when the pre-stress is larger, the level of the isochromatic stripes is obvious, and the effect can be reduced. According to the third embodiment of the present invention, the Nail Mine Light Projectile Method and the Differential Image Processing Technology are combined with the drilling method to measure the residual stress of the foundation ridge steel member. Unexpected internal stress occurs in the steel beam and steel column members due to the deformation of the foundation due to geological improvement. The magnitude of this internal stress can be analyzed by the reflective photoelastic method and the borehole method. The surface coating is removed, the photo-elastic patch is recorded, and the stress is released by the drilling method (such as the seventh riding), and the anti-photon vibrometer and the high-order digital city are used for data acquisition, image processing technology and stress. Analysis and evaluation; reflective photoelastic method and observation method for measuring the internal stress of the silk-stained steel column at the measurement position due to the bulge, with the maximum shear stress (photoelastic stress fringe) distribution contour map as shown in the eighth @ The maximum value is 73Mpa, and the internal stress generated by the steel beam at the measurement position due to the bulge is as high as the ninth ride, and the maximum value is 182.4Mpa. As can be seen from the description of the above embodiments, the present invention has at least the following advantages and advantages: i. The present invention utilizes a standard cantilever beam method to form a standard stripe HRGB, - Yang_method, establishes a judgment ^ B / favors a light bomb Image using digital image processing #Adoption differentiation _ 'Improve the reflective H-reading processing skill level. ~ Pure light elastic stress stripe 2. The number of concrete is Γ 丝 读 reading, can be measured by the actual amount of 赖 法 ΖΓ峨 ΖΓ峨 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四 四Evaluation of the internal stress of the concrete and the internal stress of the structural member. 3. The daily sun and the moon use the digital photoelastic method to match the drilling method, which can actually measure the change of the internal stress of the component. _ 'Evaluate the globality of the component to provide a reference for the analysis and repair of the relevant structure. in accordance with. In summary, the present invention has profound industrial use value, and has never been seen in the past, and has not been publicly known. Therefore, it is fully in line with the requirements for the establishment of an invention patent, and is requested to be approved according to the law. 200918875 [Simplified description of the drawings] The first figure shows the basic configuration diagram of the conventional reflective photoelastic method. The second figure shows the third embodiment of the cantilever beam and the position of the photoelastic patch in the third embodiment of the present invention. The fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the maximum shear stress distribution in different directions according to the third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the maximum shear stress value of the surface of the third embodiment of the present invention in different directions. The fourth embodiment is a schematic diagram of the position of the steel member and the photoelastic stress measurement position. The eighth diagram shows the distribution of the maximum shear stress on the surface of the steel column according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Four examples of steel beam surface surface maximum shear stress distribution and other tIj line diagram [main components symbol description] 18