200841181 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 硬碟介面之介面卡。 本發明係關於一種硬碟卡，尤指 【先前技術】 中華民國公告號第480384號專利r保罐猫潘少、 的技術，乃一種藉由硬體的方式保護儲t ^ 的^。而，、主要的技術特徵在於，藉由在傳統硬碟介面和匯流 排線之間域鱗撕猶職驗，，柯硬财式直接存 取儲存裝置内所包含的資料。因此，對於任何作業系統而言，加 裝此触的觸和普通的並沒有什顧異。所以，此技術不 但不會影響原有的簡存取效率，更㈣要額外加裝鶴程式， 亦不會增加作㈣統㈣擔，卻·軟體方式提供更高效率的資 料保護手段。 、 ’、疋此技術先天上硬體架構的限制，必須同時採用可以支援兩 個實體上或兩個邏輯上的電子集成驅動器(Integrated Drive Electromcs，IDE)介面，否則除了主資料空間、虛擬資料空間外 剩下的剩餘空間，將無法被存取。在⑽介面下，習知裝置能夠 利用IDE介面所提供的兩個通道，使剩餘空_分成邏輯磁碟， 而讓使用者糊纟彳這部分_碟雜。 200841181 蚁’由於SATA介面僅能支援單—硬碟，導致上述f知保護硬碟 貝料技術’因無法再劃分出邏輯磁碟來使用到剩餘空間，使得習 知保護硬碟:#料觀賴祕蚊雖0_不足。魏，隨紐 術的發展’對於頻寬要求越來越高，使得财腿(pATA)介面將逐 漸被SATA等新規格所取代。因此，為了讓習知保護硬碟資料技術， 能夠繼触細在未來的電職置巾，確實有必魏外配合提供 IDE介面的PCI介面卡，尸、是這類非屬標準的pci介面卡，在開機 _祕巾無法被BIGS雌識，而無法直接把作鮮統安裝至在保護 硬碟資料架構中的硬碟裝置。 BIOS ’完整地說應該是R〇M—BI〇S，是唯讀記憶體基本輸入〆輪出 系統的簡寫，它實際上是被固化到電腦中的一組程式，爲電腦提 供最低級的、最直接的硬體控制。準確地說，BI〇s是硬體與軟體 程式之間的一個“轉換器”或者說是介面（雖然它本身也只是一 個程式），負責解決硬體的即時需求，並按軟體對硬體的操作要求 .具體繼。 從功能上看，BIOS分爲三個部分： 1·自檢及初始化程式； 2. 硬體中斷處理； 3. 程式服務請求。 在自檢及初始化中，主要是負責啓動電腦，可大致分為三個部分， 第一個部分是用於電腦剛接通電源時對硬體部分的檢測，也叫做 200841181 ^電自檢(POST)，魏是電暇否良好，修記 障^第二個部分是初始化，包括鱗帽向量、設i寄存器、 對二外姑備進行初始化和檢測等，其中很重要的一部八9 U ’妙實際硬體設置進行味，如果不符 統的啓動。 曰〜曰系 部分是_式’功能是引導廳或其他作業系統。露 H、或硬碟的開始磁區讀取引導記錄，如果沒有找到，則合 ，示器上顯示沒有引導設備，如果飾丨導記錄會把電腦的ς 制榷轉給料記錄’由引導記錄把作難統裝人電腦，在電腦啓 動成功後，BIOS的這部分任務就完成了。 在上電自檢aw Gn Self Test，贿）巾，微熟通電源後， 糸統首先由程式來對内部各個設備進行檢查。通常完整的順自 檢將包括對CPU、晴基本記憶體、1M以上的擴展記憶體、丽、 主板、CMOS記鐘、串並口、顯示卡、軟硬碟子系統及鍵盤進行 測試，-S在自檢中發期題，系統將給出提示資訊或鳴笛警告。 在電腦系統中，可包含多個BIGS _晶片。除了開機娜(主 要是包含存取基本硬體元件的程式碼；例如鍵盤或是軟碟機），還 有額外的介©卡(例如SCSI或是财硬碟介面卡或是網路介面 卡或是顯针)也會包含簡自己的纖，來·或取代這些已 知元件的系統BIOS程式碼。 200841181 為了在開機找到這些記憶體映射的擴充唯讀記憶體，腦S會婦 描實體記憶體，從〇xC8〇〇〇到〇xF〇〇〇〇的2此邊界中尋找 0x55 Oxaa魏’接在其後的是—恤元，表示有多少個擴充唯 讀記紐的512位元區塊雜真實記舰雜。接著膽s馬上 跳躍到指向由擴充唯讀記憶體所接管的位址，以及利用職服 務來提供朗者奴介面’註冊情向量服務賴顺的應用程 式使用，或者顯示診斷的資訊。 如果擴充的麵記鍾想要更改系關機啟_方式（像是從網 路或是SCSI介面卡這些刪沒有驅動的程式的裝置）他可以 使甩BIOS開機規格⑽）程式設計介面註冊他的能力來達到 每點。如果一旦這些擴充的唯獨記憶體使用了 BBS APIs註冊了 之後，用者可以從臓的使用者介面選擇這些可用的開機選 項。这就是為储大部分的BBS相容之pe刪冑不會允許使 者進入BIOS使用者介面’直到這些擴充的唯獨記憶體已經完 成執行且已經使用BBS API將他們自己註冊之後才行。 為了讓上述額外的介面卡能夠被作業系統(0S)所控制，還需事先 安裝設備驅動程式（device driver)，簡稱驅動程式㈤㈣。 驅動程式可允許電腦軟體(computers〇ftware)與硬體(had·) 動的程式這種程式建立了一個硬體與硬體，或硬體與軟體溝 1的；1面’經由主機板上的匯流排（bus)或其他溝通子系統 (subsystem)與硬體形成連接的機制，這樣的機制使得硬體裝置 200841181 (device)上的資料交換成為可能。 對於IDE介面來說，其控制器必須在M〇s進行p〇ST程序時，回 覆硬碟裝置的生絲商、賴編號、裝置_等資訊，並透過作 業系統把硬碟裝置輔丨/輸人雜址或記健位置重置成適當 位置。具體來說，當IDE介面的第〇個通道被使用時，硬碟裝置 必須佔用1F0IHF7H及3F6H的輸出/輸入璋位址，並且若第】個 通道被使用時，則佔用170ίΗ77Η及麵，才能讓作業祕控制 •硬碟裝置。 然而，習知IDE介面的PCI介面卡均非屬於標準的IDE介面，因 此需要額外由麵或驅動程式巾所提供的齡，來進行上述的重 置程序，才能讓作業系統控制IDE介面的pci介面卡所連接的硬 碟裝置，進而把作鮮統安裝至在保護硬碟資料架構中的硬碟裝 置，享用此技術帶來的好處。 鑫只是，在進入作業系統前就必須先用驅動程式驅動其所屬的硬碟 •裝置’所以安裝這類驅動程式時，並非在操作簡便的wind㈣作 寒系統中進行，對-般使用者來說，將是十分困難與不便的事情。 因此，若無法省略安裝驅動程式的步驟，將使得f知保護硬碟資 料技術涂為玩家級的技術’無法順利推廣至廣大的一般使用者。 200841181 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的錢供—麵擬硬齡面之細卡，主要把原 本設置在主機板上關於IDE介面的元件、介面，改設置在汩介 面卡上，來·域板縣沒奴援的硬齡面_別。 基於上述目的’本發明模擬硬碟介面之介面卡，主要對缺乏 IDECPATA)^^^^ , # =手段來提供Π)Ε介面。在此介面卡中的控制器，可透過匯流排 」丨面回應BIOS糊，而贿所·連接的硬縣置的生產廢 商、設備編號、裝置類型’以便模擬成如同在主機板上的硬碟控 制讀，進而擴充了主機板原本沒有支援的硬碟介面的類別。 _本發明之優點與精神可以藉由以下的發明詳述及所附圖式得 到進一步的瞭解。 明麥閱弟1圖，第1圖為本發明主機板硬體架構之示意圖。如幻 圖所示，在本個蝴觸轉巾，中央處_鳴主細） 匯流排與域1橋接11 12電性連接哪蝴麵12另-端的PCI匯流排2則電性連接有標準扪震置u、ΐ3、Μ想 橋接器14、讀SA购16。請π編14職過則 流排4、主機板上的PCI介面槽電性連接至pci裝置17、以及本 發明模擬硬财狀細卡及細_的硬縣置19。 200841181 橋接时16則透過isa匯流排3電性連接至匪BI〇s 18。 請參閱第2圖’第2圖為本發明模擬硬碟介面之介面卡的第一實 施例示意圖。如第2圖卿，核賴擬硬齡面之介面卡主要 包含了設置在電路板20a上的IDE硬碟介面施、_、抑匯流 排介面22、以及控制器26，硬碟介面施、娜可電性連接至 總數多達四台的硬碟裝置。PCI匯流排介面22則可插接至機板上 的相對的介面槽，而電性連接至主機板的ΡΠ匯流排4。 •為了擴充主機板原本沒有支援的硬碟介面的類別，同時也免除安 裝驅動程級_ ’本魏細卡料的㈣㈣可透過匯流 排介面22回應醜18的詢問，而回覆所電性連接的該硬碟裝置 的生產廠商、設備編號、裝置類型，以便模擬成如同在主機板上 的㈣控制元件，進而擴充了主機板原本沒有支援的诹硬碟介 面的類別。 翁換句話說，本發明介面卡⑽主要是將原本設置在主機板上，關於 ™介面的控鲁元件全部整合到—張⑽介叶並且模擬成 仍叹置在主機板上控制器、元件，來回覆關於職以的詢問以 及為硬碟裝置19進行輸出入埠位置或記憶體位置的重置程式，以 便在中央處心1〇的控制下，讓作業系統控制本發賴擬硬碟介 面之介面卡20所連接的硬碟裝置19，進而把作業系統安裝至在保 護硬碟資料架構中（可將之整合到本發明介面卡2〇中）的硬碟裝 置，享用此技術帶來的好處。除此之外，能利用介面能支 11 200841181 援單一介面支援兩台硬碟的特性，讓保護硬碟資料技術仍然可以 控制到剩餘空間。需特職明岐，料f訊或資料需要寫入硬 碟裝置19或從硬碟裝置19讀出時，控制器26需要利用習知原生 PCI 轉 IDE(native PCI to IDE)的技術作處理。 上述控制器26可選用現場可規化邏輯閘陣列（Fieid200841181 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] Interface card of a hard disk interface. The present invention relates to a hard disk card, and more particularly to the technology of the prior art, the Republic of China Bulletin No. 480384, which protects the storage of the cat. However, the main technical feature is that Ke Chuncai directly accesses the data contained in the storage device by tearing the gap between the traditional hard disk interface and the bus line. Therefore, for any operating system, the touch of the touch is not the same as the normal one. Therefore, this technology will not only affect the original simple access efficiency, but also (4) to add additional crane programs, and will not increase the (four) system (4), but the software provides more efficient means of data protection. , ', 疋 This technology is inherently limited by the hardware architecture. It must be supported by an Integrated Drive Electromcs (IDE) interface that supports two entities or two logics. Otherwise, in addition to the main data space and virtual data space. The remaining space will not be accessible. Under the (10) interface, the conventional device can use the two channels provided by the IDE interface to divide the remaining space into logical disks, and let the user paste this part of the disk. 200841181 Ant's SATA interface can only support single-hard disk, which leads to the above-mentioned protection of hard disk beaker technology. Because it can no longer divide the logical disk to use the remaining space, so that the conventional protection hard disk: #料观赖Although the secret mosquito is 0_ insufficient. Wei, with the development of the technology, the demand for bandwidth is getting higher and higher, so that the financial leg (pATA) interface will gradually be replaced by new specifications such as SATA. Therefore, in order to let the conventional protection of hard disk data technology, it is possible to follow the details of the future electrical service towel, it is indeed necessary to cooperate with the PCI interface card that provides the IDE interface. The corpse is such a non-standard pci interface card. At the boot _ secret towel can not be recognized by BIGS, and can not directly install the hard drive device to protect the hard disk data structure. The BIOS 'completely should be R〇M-BI〇S, which is a shorthand for the basic input of the read-only memory. It is actually a set of programs that are solidified into the computer to provide the lowest level of the computer. The most direct hardware control. To be precise, BI〇s is a “converter” or interface between the hardware and the software program (although it is just a program itself), which is responsible for solving the real-time needs of the hardware and pressing the software to the hardware. Operational requirements. Specific follow-up. From a functional point of view, the BIOS is divided into three parts: 1. Self-test and initialization program; 2. Hardware interrupt processing; 3. Program service request. In the self-test and initialization, it is mainly responsible for starting the computer, which can be roughly divided into three parts. The first part is used to detect the hardware part when the computer is just connected to the power supply. It is also called 200841181 ^Electrical self-test (POST) ), Wei is the electricity is not good, repair the barrier ^ The second part is the initialization, including the scale cap vector, set the i register, the initialization and detection of the second aunt, etc., which is very important one of the eight 9 U ' Wonderful actual hardware settings to taste, if not the start of the system.曰~曰 The part is the _-style function is the guide hall or other operating system. Exposure H, or the beginning of the hard disk read the boot record, if not found, then, the display shows no boot device, if the decoration guide will transfer the computer's control to the feed record 'by the boot record It is difficult to install a computer. After the computer is successfully booted, this part of the BIOS is completed. On the power-on self-test ag Gn Self Test, bribe towel, after the micro-through power supply, the system first checks the internal equipment by the program. Usually the complete self-test will include testing the CPU, the basic memory, the extended memory of 1M or more, the motherboard, the CMOS clock, the serial port, the display card, the hard disk subsystem and the keyboard. During the self-test, the system will give a prompt message or a whistle warning. In a computer system, multiple BIGS_chips can be included. In addition to booting (mainly containing code to access basic hardware components; such as keyboard or floppy disk), there are additional cards (such as SCSI or hard disk interface cards or network interface cards or It is also the system BIOS code that replaces these known components. 200841181 In order to find the extended read-only memory of these memory maps at boot, the brain S will trace the physical memory, looking for 0x55 Oxaa Wei' from the boundary of 〇xC8〇〇〇 to 〇xF〇〇〇〇 The following is the -shirt element, indicating how many 512-bit blocks that are extended to read only. The gallbladder then jumps to the address that is taken over by the extended read-only memory, and uses the service to provide the application of the registration service, the Lai Shun service, or to display diagnostic information. If the extended facet clock wants to change the system's shutdown mode (such as a device that deletes the driver program from the network or SCSI interface card), he can enable the BIOS boot specification (10)) programming interface to register his ability. To reach every point. If these extended unique memories are registered with the BBS APIs, the user can select these available boot options from the user interface. This is to save most of the BBS-compatible pe deletions and will not allow the entrant to enter the BIOS user interface' until the expanded memory has been executed and has registered themselves with the BBS API. In order to allow the above additional interface card to be controlled by the operating system (OS), it is necessary to install a device driver (refer to the driver (5) (4). The driver can allow a computer software (computers ftware) and a hardware (had) program to build a hardware and hardware, or hardware and software groove 1; 1 side 'via the motherboard The mechanism by which a bus or other communication subsystem forms a connection with a hardware. Such a mechanism makes it possible to exchange data on the hardware device 200841181 (device). For the IDE interface, the controller must reply to the raw silk supplier, the number, the device, etc. of the hard disk device when the M〇s is performing the p〇ST program, and the hard disk device is assisted/inputted through the operating system. The miscellaneous or remember location is reset to the appropriate location. Specifically, when the first channel of the IDE interface is used, the hard disk device must occupy the output/input address of 1F0IHF7H and 3F6H, and if the first channel is used, it takes 170ίΗ77Η to allow Job secret control • Hard disk device. However, the PCI interface card of the conventional IDE interface is not a standard IDE interface, so it is necessary to use the additional age provided by the face or driver towel to perform the above reset procedure, so that the operating system can control the interface of the IDE interface. The hard disk device to which the card is connected, and then the hard disk device connected to the hard disk data structure, enjoys the benefits of this technology. Xin is only required to drive the hard disk device to which it belongs before entering the operating system. Therefore, when installing such a driver, it is not performed in the easy-to-use wind system. For general users. It will be very difficult and inconvenient. Therefore, if the steps of installing the driver cannot be omitted, the technology of "protecting the hard disk data technology as a player level" will not be smoothly extended to a large number of general users. 200841181 [Summary of the Invention] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a fine card for the hard-faced face, and the components and interfaces of the IDE interface which are originally set on the motherboard are set on the interface card, and the domain board is provided. The county has no hard-working face of slavery. Based on the above purpose, the present invention emulates an interface card of a hard disk interface, mainly for lacking IDECPATA)^^^^, #= means to provide a Ε) interface. In this interface card, the controller can respond to the BIOS paste through the bus bar, and the bribes are connected to the hard waste county, the production waste, the device number, the device type 'to simulate the hard as on the motherboard. The disc control reads, which expands the category of the hard drive interface that the motherboard does not originally support. The advantages and spirit of the present invention can be further understood from the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings. Ming Mai Yuedi 1 picture, the first picture is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the motherboard of the present invention. As shown in the magic picture, in this butterfly touch towel, the center is _ ringing the main line. The bus bar and the domain 1 bridge 11 12 electrical connection which butterfly face 12 the other end of the PCI bus bar 2 is electrically connected with standard Seismic u, ΐ3, imaginary bridge 14, read SA purchase 16. If the π 编 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 200841181 When bridged, 16 is electrically connected to 匪BI〇s 18 through the isa bus 3. Please refer to Fig. 2, which is a schematic view showing a first embodiment of an interface card for emulating a hard disk interface according to the present invention. For example, in Figure 2, the interface card for the hard-working face is mainly composed of the IDE hard disk interface, the _, the bus interface 22, and the controller 26 disposed on the circuit board 20a, and the hard disk interface It can be electrically connected to a total of up to four hard disk devices. The PCI bus interface 22 can be plugged into the opposite interface slots on the board and electrically connected to the bus bar 4 of the motherboard. • In order to expand the type of hard disk interface that the motherboard does not support, it also eliminates the need to install the driver level. _ 'This (4) (4) can respond to the ugly 18 query through the bus interface 22, and reply to the electrical connection. The manufacturer, device number, and device type of the hard disk device are modeled as (4) control elements on the motherboard, thereby expanding the category of the hard disk interface that the motherboard does not originally support. In other words, the interface card (10) of the present invention is mainly disposed on the motherboard, and the control elements of the TM interface are all integrated into the (10) leaf and simulated into controllers and components still on the motherboard. Repeat the inquiry about the job and the reset program for the input/output location or the memory location of the hard disk device 19, so that the operating system can control the virtual hard disk interface under the control of the central heart. The hard disk device 19 to which the interface card 20 is connected, thereby installing the operating system to the hard disk device in the protected hard disk data architecture (which can be integrated into the interface card of the present invention), enjoys the benefits of this technology. . In addition, the interface can support the characteristics of two hard disks with a single interface, so that the protected hard disk data technology can still control the remaining space. For special tasks, if the device or device needs to be written to or read from the hard disk device 19, the controller 26 needs to use the conventional native PCI to IDE technology. The controller 26 can be selected from a field-regulated logic gate array (Fieid)
Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)，而 FPGA 是一個含有可編輯元 件的半導體設備，可供使用者編碼的邏輯閘元件。目前以硬體描 述語言（Verilog或VHDL)所完成的電路設計，可以經過簡單的 . —· ~ -- - a成與佈局’快速的燒錄至fpga上進行測試，是現代ic設計 驗證的技術主流。這些可編輯元件可以被用來實現一些基本的邏 輯閘電路（比如AND，OR，X〇R，NOT)或者更複雜一些的組合功能 比如解碼器或數學方程。在大多數的FPGA裡面，這些可編輯的元 件裏也包含記憶元件例如Flip — fl〇p觸發器或者其他更加完整的 記憶塊。 此外，上述硬碟介面24a、24b除了可為平行ATA(Parallel ATA， PATA)介面，還可為平行SATA(Serial ATA，SATA)介面。 請參閱第3圖，第3圖為本發明模擬硬碟介面之介面卡的第二實 施例示意圖。如第3圖所示，本發明模擬硬碟介面之介面卡主要 仍包含了設置在電路板20a上的IDE硬碟介面24a、24b、PCr匯 流排介面22、以及控制器26，但額外在控制器26與SATA硬碟介 面30a、30b之間設置IDE/SATA橋接器28。如此一來，控制器26 200841181 、 · 將間接經由IDE/SATA橋接器28，來透過硬碟介面3〇a、3〇b對硬 碟裝置作控制操作。 藉由以上雛频實侧之料，鱗望缺加清楚描述本發明 之賴與精神’而麟以上鑛揭露❾較储體實補來對本發 明之範嘴加以限制。相反地，其目的是希望能涵蓋各種改變及具 相等性的安排於本發明所欲申請之專利範圍的範疇内。 • 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖為本發明主機板硬體架構之示意圖。 第2圖為本發明模擬硬碟介面之介面卡的第—實施例示意圖。 第3圖為本發明模擬硬碟介面之介面卡的第二實施例示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 • 1主匯流排 2、4 PCI匯流排 R 3 ISA匯流排 10處理器 12主/PCI橋接器 11、13、17 PCI 裝置 14 PCI/PCI橋接器 16 PCI/ISA橋接器 13 200841181 18 BIOS 19硬碟裝置 20模擬硬碟介面之介面卡 20a電路板 22匯流排介面 24a、24b硬碟介面 26控制器 • 28 IDE/SATA 橋接器Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and FPGA is a semiconductor device with editable components that can be encoded by the user. At present, the circuit design completed by the hardware description language (Verilog or VHDL) can be tested by simple .-~~--a and layout 'fast burning to fpga, which is the technology of modern ic design verification. Mainstream. These editable components can be used to implement some basic logic gate circuits (such as AND, OR, X〇R, NOT) or more complex combination functions such as decoders or mathematical equations. In most FPGAs, these editable elements also contain memory components such as Flip — fl〇p flip-flops or other more complete memory blocks. In addition, the hard disk interface 24a, 24b may be a Parallel ATA (PATA) interface or a parallel SATA (SATA) interface. Please refer to FIG. 3, which is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an interface card emulating a hard disk interface according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, the interface card emulating the hard disk interface of the present invention mainly includes the IDE hard disk interface 24a, 24b, the PCr bus interface 22, and the controller 26 disposed on the circuit board 20a, but additionally controlled. An IDE/SATA bridge 28 is provided between the device 26 and the SATA hard disk interface 30a, 30b. In this way, the controller 26 200841181, • will indirectly control the hard disk device through the hard disk interfaces 3〇a, 3〇b via the IDE/SATA bridge 28. With the material of the above-mentioned chicks, the scale of the squad lacks a clear description of the spirit and spirit of the present invention, and the above-mentioned mines reveal that the limits of the invention are limited. On the contrary, the intention is to cover various modifications and equivalents within the scope of the invention as claimed. • [Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of the motherboard of the present invention. 2 is a schematic view showing a first embodiment of an interface card for simulating a hard disk interface of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of an interface card emulating a hard disk interface according to the present invention. [Main component symbol description] • 1 main bus 2, 4 PCI bus R 3 ISA bus 10 processor 12 main / PCI bridge 11, 13, 17 PCI device 14 PCI / PCI bridge 16 PCI / ISA bridge 13 200841181 18 BIOS 19 hard disk device 20 emulation hard disk interface interface card 20a circuit board 22 bus interface 24a, 24b hard disk interface 26 controller • 28 IDE/SATA bridge