200815869 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於-種背光模組光學則固定結構，特別是提供一種 可防止光學膜片翹曲變形的光學膜片固定結構。 【先前技術】 薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器（Thin Film Transist〇r_Liquid Crystal Display，TFT-LCD)具有低消耗功率、薄形質輕、以及 低電壓驅動等優點，所以是目前最普遍的一種平面顯示器，廣 泛應用於筆記電腦、桌上型電腦及液晶電視等電子產品。 通系，薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器面板(panel)是由一薄膜電晶 體（Thin Film Transistor，TFT )陣列基板與一彩色濾光片（Color200815869 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an optical fixed structure of a backlight module, and more particularly to an optical film fixing structure capable of preventing warpage of an optical film. [Prior Art] Thin Film Transist 〇r_Liquid Crystal Display (TFT-LCD) has the advantages of low power consumption, thin and light weight, and low voltage driving, so it is the most popular flat panel display at present. For electronic products such as notebook computers, desktop computers and LCD TVs. The thin film transistor liquid crystal display panel is composed of a thin film transistor (TFT) array substrate and a color filter (Color).
Filter，CF)基板所組合而成，一液晶層係填充在陣列基 板與CF基板之間。因為TFT丄CD不能自行發光，所以需要由 月光模組的光源來提供影像顯示的來源光，並經由傳送到各電 極的電壓仏號來控制液晶對來源光的穿透性而得到適當的影 像顯示。 由於目前TFT-LCD已朝向大尺寸發展，背光模組的光學 膜片尺寸也跟著增加，然而光學膜片的強度卻無法與尺寸形成 正比關係，使得光學膜片容易產生各種翹曲變形，因而降低顯 示器的顯示品質與光學品味。 第1A圖是習知之背光模組的上視示意圖，直下式背光模 組（direct backlight module) 100之光學膜片組1 〇4係置於外框 102之下，光學膜片組104包含至少一片光學膜片，外框ι〇2 係包圍及遮蓋光學膜片組1 〇4的邊緣，光學膜片組1 〇4未被外 框102遮蓋的部分是顯示器的顯示區域。 200815869 第1B圖是第1A圖的部分剖面示意圖，直下式背光模紐 100包έ · 一光源108、一光學膜片組1〇4、一擴散板1〇6、〜 外框1〇2、一背板110及一侧框112。其中，光學膜片組1〇4 係位於擴政板1〇6上，側框112位於非顯示區域，係用以承栽 光學膜片組104與擴散板106且結合外框1〇2與背板11〇，光 源108係位於擴散板1〇6、側框112與背板ιι〇所包圍形成 空間之中。 #因為光學膜片組104的四周為自由無拘束，在溫度與溼度 改，的情形下’光學膜片組1G4會因溫度錄度的影響而收縮 或膨脹，當溫度與溼度回復到原先的狀態時，光學膜片組1〇4 會因K留應力而輕曲變形，進而降低顯示器的顯示品質與光 品味。 【發明内容】 為了解決*術之背光她光學㈣因溫度顏度的變化 殘留應力而翹曲變形的問題，本發明的目的之一是提供一祕^ 張力之#光模組光學則HJ定結構以維持光學膜片的平整。A filter, CF) substrate is combined, and a liquid crystal layer is filled between the array substrate and the CF substrate. Since the TFT丄CD cannot emit light by itself, it is necessary to provide the source light of the image display by the light source of the moonlight module, and control the transmittance of the liquid crystal to the source light through the voltage nickname transmitted to each electrode to obtain an appropriate image display. . Since the current TFT-LCD has been developed toward a large size, the optical film size of the backlight module has also increased, but the strength of the optical film cannot be directly proportional to the size, so that the optical film is prone to various warping deformations, thereby reducing Display quality and optical taste of the display. 1A is a top view of a conventional backlight module. The optical film set 1 〇 4 of the direct backlight module 100 is placed under the outer frame 102, and the optical film set 104 includes at least one piece. The optical film, the outer frame ι 2 surrounds and covers the edge of the optical film group 1 〇 4, and the portion of the optical film group 1 〇 4 that is not covered by the outer frame 102 is the display area of the display. 200815869 Fig. 1B is a partial cross-sectional view of Fig. 1A, a direct type backlight module 100 package, a light source 108, an optical film group 1〇4, a diffusion plate 1〇6, a frame 1〇2, a frame The back plate 110 and the side frame 112. The optical film group 1〇4 is located on the expansion board 1〇6, and the side frame 112 is located in the non-display area, and is used for bearing the optical film group 104 and the diffusion plate 106 and combining the outer frame 1〇2 and the back. The plate 11 is disposed, and the light source 108 is located in the space formed by the diffusion plate 1〇6, the side frame 112, and the back plate ιι. #Because the circumference of the optical film group 104 is free and unconstrained, in the case of temperature and humidity change, the optical film group 1G4 will shrink or expand due to the influence of temperature recording, when the temperature and humidity return to the original state. At this time, the optical film group 1〇4 is slightly deformed by the K stress, thereby lowering the display quality and light taste of the display. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the problem of warping deformation of the backlight of her surgery (4) residual stress due to changes in temperature and brightness, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a secret ^ optical module optical structure HJ fixed structure To maintain the flatness of the optical film.
本發日_目的之_是提供—種直下式背光模組，使其巾之光學興 片維持平整，不致因外在環境之溫度無度的變化喊生細變形。、 单敏本^的目的之—疋提供—種TFT_LCD，使其中之光學膜片維持 千整，提向TFHCD的顯示品質與光學品味。 、 持平i發=1的之1提供—種平面顯示11，使其中之光學膜片維 符千整，棱尚平面顯示器的顯示品質與光學品味。 庐祕本 貪先模先學膜片固定結構能夠防止因溫度盥溼 度變化所造成的翹曲變形，有效 又4 σ, y啕议的徒回千面顯不器的顯示品質盥光學 200815869 為了達到上述目的，本發明之一實施例提供一種背光模組光學膜 - 片蚊結構’―包含至少—光學膜片的光學膜版之兩不相鄰邊緣分 別具有至少-通孔，每-通孔係财相鄰邊緣之—通孔對稱或非對稱 設置’複數彈性體分別置於每-通孔中以分別提供一向外的張力。 【實施方式】 第2A圖是本發明-實施例之直下式背光模組2〇〇的上視 示意圖，直下式背光模組200之光學膜片組2〇4係置於外框 φ 202之下，光學膜片組204包含至少一片光學膜片，外框2〇2 係包圍及遮蓋光學膜片組204的邊緣，光學膜片組2〇4未被外 框202遮蓋的部分是顯示器的顯示區域。光學膜片組2〇〇位於 非顯示區域的左右兩邊緣分別具有通孔22〇、222，兩彈性體 230、232分別置於通孔220、222中並抵住通孔邊緣以提供兩 個向外的張力F〗、F2予光學膜片組204，此向外的張力匕與 F2會使光學膜片組204維持平整，不致因外在環境之溫度與溼 度的變化而產生翹曲變形，進而影響顯示器的顯示品質與光學 品味。 9 第2B圖是第2A圖的部分剖面示意圖，直下式背光模組 200裡含有：一光源208、一光學膜片組204、一擴散板2〇6、 一外框202、一背板210、一側框212及一彈性體232。其中， 光學膜片組204係位於擴散板206上，側框212位於非顯示區 域，係用以承載光學膜片組2〇4與擴散板206且結合外框2〇2 與月板210 ’光源208係位於擴散板206、側框212與背板210 所包圍形成的空間之中，在一實施例中，外框2〇2、側框212 與背板210的材質係分別為塑膠或金屬。 ” 如第3A圖所示，在一實施例中，光學膜片組2〇4包含一 上擴散片2041、一鏡片（Lens)膜片2042及一下擴散片2043， 7 200815869 且鏡片膜片2042位於上擴散片2041與及下擴散片2043之間。 請再參考第2A圖，因為彈性體230、232的功能是使光 學膜片組204具有向外的張力卩1與p2，所以可用多種樣態來 實施。如第3B圖所示，在一實施例中，彈性體232 (或230) 包含一螺旋彈簣與一連結於螺旋彈簧的壓板，螺旋彈簧2321 與壓板2322的材質可以分別是塑膠或金屬。請再一併參考第 2A圖與第2B圖，在彈性體232置入通孔222之前，先壓縮螺 旋彈簧2321使壓板2322產生向外的張力f2。 φ 在另一實施例中，如第3C圖所示，彈性體230、232係為 一彈簧片，彈簧片2323的材質可以是塑膠或金屬，請再一併 參考第2A圖與第2B圖，在彈性體232置入通孔222之前先 壓縮彈簧片2323以產生向外的張力F2。第3D圖是已置入彈 簣片2323之直下式背光模組200的部分剖面示意圖，在此實 施例中’擴散板206具有與通孔222之位置相對應的穿孔 2061 ’且穿孔2061的面積比通孔222大，所以彈簧片2323不 會接觸到穿孔2061，側框212具有凹槽2321以固定彈簧片 2323 ’在一實施例中，具有凹槽2121之側框212是由一體成 φ 型之方法所製作。 接續上述之說明，在第2A圖中，通孔220 ' 222係對稱 地設置於光學膜片組2〇〇之左右兩邊緣，根據本發明的精神， 通孔220、222亦可非對稱地設置，而且也可設置於光學膜片 組之上下兩邊緣，如第4A圖所示，直下式背光模組300之光 學膜片組304係置於外框302之下，光學膜片組304位於非顯 示區域的上下兩邊緣具有兩對稱的通孔340、342，兩彈性體 350、352分別置於通孔34Q、342中並抵住通孔邊緣以提供兩 ， 個向外的張力F3、F4予光學膜片組304。 * 因此’本發明的特徵之一是分別設置兩彈性體於光學膜片 8 200815869 組之兩不相鄰邊緣的對稱或非對稱通孔中以提供兩向外的張 力’使光學膜片組維持平整，不致因外在環境之溫度與渥度的 變化而產生翹曲變形。 甚且’光學膜片組的上下左右四個邊緣亦可同時具有對應 的通孔，如第4B圖所示，直下式背光模組400之光學膜片組 404係置於外框402之下，光學膜片組404位於非顯示區域的 左、右與上、下四邊緣具有四個兩兩對稱的通孔42〇、422與 440、442 ’四彈性體430、432與450'452分別置於通孔420、 422與440、442中並抵住通孔邊緣以提供四個向外的張力、 F6與F7、F8予光學膜片組404。 可以理解的是，根據本發明的精神，直下式背光模組可以 包含更多對稱或非對稱的通孔於非顯示區域的邊緣，甚且，熟 知此技藝者可理解，雖然第2 a圖、第4 A圖與第4B圖裡光學 膜片組的通孔形狀是長方形，根據本發明的精神，光學膜片組 的通孔也可以是其它形狀，例如方形、多邊形、圓形或半圓形 等等形狀，而彈性體與通孔接觸的部分也可以是長方體或圓柱 體等多種型體。 第4C圖是本發明另一實施例之直下式背光模組500的上 視示意圖，直下式背光模組5〇〇之光學膜片組5〇4係置於外框 502之下，光學臈片組5〇4位於非顯示區域的左、右與上、下 四邊緣具有八個兩兩對稱的半圓形通孔520、522、524、526、 540、542、544 及 546，八彈性體 530、532、534、536、550、 552、554及556分別置於半圓形通孔52〇、522、524、526、 540、542、544及546中並抵住通孔邊緣以提供八個向外的張 力 Fu、F21、F12、F22、f31、F41、F32 及 F42 予光學膜片組 504。 因此’本發明的特徵之一是光學膜片組位於非顯示區域之 兩對不相鄰邊緣分別具有複數通孔，每一通孔係與不相鄰邊緣 9 200815869 之二通孔對稱或非對稱設置，且設置彈性體絲—通孔中以分 別提供一向外的張力，使光學膜片組維持平整，不致因外在環 境之溫度與溼度的變化而產生翹曲變形。 熟悉此技藝者可以瞭解，本發明之光學膜片固定結構並不 限於應用在直下式背光模組，也可制於其它型式的背光模 組，而且本發明之直下式背光模組不限於應用在tft_lcd， 也可以應用於其它型式的平面顯示器。The purpose of this issue is to provide a direct-lit backlight module that keeps the optical film of the towel flat and does not shook the skin due to excessive temperature changes in the external environment. The purpose of the single-minor-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The flat display 1 is provided with a flat display i, which makes the optical film of the ellipses uniform, and the display quality and optical taste of the flat display.庐 本 贪 贪 先 先 先 先 先 先 先 先 先 贪 贪 贪 贪 贪 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 In an embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical film of a backlight module - a mosquito structure - two non-adjacent edges of an optical film comprising at least - an optical film respectively having at least - through holes, each through hole The adjacent edges of the fins are symmetrically or asymmetrically disposed. The plurality of elastomers are respectively placed in each of the through holes to provide an outward tension, respectively. [Embodiment] FIG. 2A is a top view of a direct type backlight module 2〇〇 according to the present invention. The optical film group 2〇4 of the direct type backlight module 200 is placed under the outer frame φ202. The optical film set 204 includes at least one optical film, and the outer frame 2〇2 surrounds and covers the edge of the optical film set 204. The portion of the optical film set 2〇4 that is not covered by the outer frame 202 is the display area of the display. . The optical film group 2 is located at the left and right edges of the non-display area respectively having through holes 22, 222, and the two elastic bodies 230, 232 are respectively placed in the through holes 220, 222 and against the edge of the through hole to provide two directions. The external tensions F and F2 are applied to the optical film set 204, and the outward tensions F and F2 maintain the optical film set 204 flat, so as not to cause warping deformation due to changes in the temperature and humidity of the external environment, and further Affects the display quality and optical taste of the display. 9B is a partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 2A. The direct-lit backlight module 200 includes a light source 208, an optical film set 204, a diffuser plate 〇6, an outer frame 202, and a back plate 210. One side frame 212 and one elastic body 232. The optical film group 204 is located on the diffusion plate 206, and the side frame 212 is located in the non-display area for carrying the optical film group 2〇4 and the diffusion plate 206 and combining the outer frame 2〇2 and the moon plate 210′ The 208 is located in a space surrounded by the diffuser 206, the side frame 212 and the back plate 210. In an embodiment, the outer frame 2〇2, the side frame 212 and the back plate 210 are made of plastic or metal. As shown in FIG. 3A, in an embodiment, the optical film set 2〇4 includes an upper diffusion sheet 2041, a lens (Lens) film 2042 and a lower diffusion sheet 2043, 7 200815869 and the lens film 2042 is located. Between the upper diffusion sheet 2041 and the lower diffusion sheet 2043. Referring again to FIG. 2A, since the functions of the elastic bodies 230, 232 are such that the optical film group 204 has outward tensions 卩1 and p2, various forms can be used. As shown in FIG. 3B, in an embodiment, the elastic body 232 (or 230) includes a spiral magazine and a pressure plate coupled to the coil spring. The material of the coil spring 2321 and the pressure plate 2322 may be plastic or Referring again to Figures 2A and 2B, before the elastomer 232 is placed in the through hole 222, the coil spring 2321 is first compressed to cause the platen 2322 to generate an outward tension f2. φ In another embodiment, As shown in FIG. 3C, the elastic bodies 230 and 232 are a spring piece, and the material of the spring piece 2323 may be plastic or metal. Please refer to FIGS. 2A and 2B together, and insert the through hole 222 in the elastic body 232. The spring piece 2323 is compressed first to generate an outward tension F2. The 3D picture is A partial cross-sectional view of the direct type backlight module 200 in which the elastic piece 2323 has been placed. In this embodiment, the 'diffusion plate 206 has a through hole 2061' corresponding to the position of the through hole 222 and the area of the through hole 2061 is larger than the through hole 222. Large, so the spring piece 2323 does not contact the through hole 2061, and the side frame 212 has the groove 2321 to fix the spring piece 2323'. In one embodiment, the side frame 212 having the groove 2121 is made by the method of integrating the φ type into one. Following the above description, in FIG. 2A, the through holes 220' 222 are symmetrically disposed on the left and right edges of the optical film group 2, and the through holes 220, 222 may be asymmetrically arranged according to the spirit of the present invention. The optical film set 304 of the direct type backlight module 300 is disposed under the outer frame 302, and the optical film set 304 is located, as shown in FIG. 4A. The upper and lower edges of the non-display area have two symmetric through holes 340, 342, and the two elastic bodies 350, 352 are respectively placed in the through holes 34Q, 342 and against the edge of the through hole to provide two outward tensions F3, F4 The optical film set 304. * Therefore 'the special invention One of the signs is to separately set the two elastomers in the symmetrical or asymmetric through holes of the two non-adjacent edges of the optical film 8 200815869 to provide two outward tensions to keep the optical film set flat, without causing external The temperature and the temperature of the environment change to cause warping deformation. Moreover, the upper and lower left and right edges of the optical film group can also have corresponding through holes at the same time, as shown in FIG. 4B, the direct type backlight module 400 The optical film set 404 is disposed under the outer frame 402. The optical film set 404 is located at the left, right, and upper and lower edges of the non-display area, and has four pairs of symmetric through holes 42〇, 422, and 440, 442. 'Four elastomers 430, 432 and 450' 452 are placed in the through holes 420, 422 and 440, 442, respectively, against the edge of the through hole to provide four outward tensions, F6 and F7, F8 to the optical film set 404. . It can be understood that, according to the spirit of the present invention, the direct type backlight module can include more symmetric or asymmetric through holes at the edges of the non-display area, and it is understood by those skilled in the art that although the second figure, The shape of the through hole of the optical film group in FIGS. 4A and 4B is a rectangle. According to the spirit of the present invention, the through hole of the optical film group may also have other shapes such as a square, a polygon, a circle or a semicircle. The shape is the same, and the portion of the elastic body that is in contact with the through hole may be a plurality of shapes such as a rectangular parallelepiped or a cylinder. FIG. 4C is a top view of the direct type backlight module 500 according to another embodiment of the present invention. The optical film set 5〇4 of the direct type backlight module 5 is placed under the outer frame 502, and the optical cymbal is mounted. The group 5〇4 is located at the left, right and upper and lower edges of the non-display area, and has eight two-two symmetric semi-circular through holes 520, 522, 524, 526, 540, 542, 544 and 546, and eight elastic bodies 530. 532, 534, 536, 550, 552, 554, and 556 are placed in the semi-circular through holes 52, 522, 524, 526, 540, 542, 544, and 546, respectively, and are placed against the edge of the through hole to provide eight directions. The outer tensions Fu, F21, F12, F22, f31, F41, F32 and F42 are applied to the optical film group 504. Therefore, one of the features of the present invention is that the two pairs of non-adjacent edges of the optical film set in the non-display area respectively have a plurality of through holes, and each of the through holes is symmetrically or asymmetrically disposed with the two through holes of the non-adjacent edge 9 200815869. And the elastic filaments are arranged in the through holes to respectively provide an outward tension to maintain the optical film set flat, so as not to cause warping deformation due to changes in temperature and humidity of the external environment. Those skilled in the art can understand that the optical film fixing structure of the present invention is not limited to the direct-type backlight module, and can be applied to other types of backlight modules, and the direct-type backlight module of the present invention is not limited to application. Tft_lcd can also be applied to other types of flat panel displays.
因此，本發明之背光模組光學膜片固定結構能夠防止因溫度 成的趣曲變形’有效的提高平面顯示器的顯示 以上所述之實施例僅係為·本個之技術思想及特點， 在使熟習此項技藝之人士能夠瞭解本發明之内容_以實施，处 =限定本發明之專利細，即Α凡依本發騎揭示之騎所;= 專變化或修飾，仍應涵蓋在本發明之專利範圍内。 " 【圖式簡單說明】 第1Α圖是習知之背光模組的上視示意圖。 第1Β圖是第ία圖的部分剖面示意圖。 第2Α圖是本發明一實施例之直下式背光模組的上視示意圖 第2Β圖是第2Α圖的部分剖面示意圖。 第3Α圖是本發明—實施例之光學膜片組的組成結構示意圖 第3Β圖是本發明一實施例之彈性體的組成結構示意圖。 第3C圖是本發明一實施例之彈性體示意圖 之直下式背光模組 第3D圖是本發明一實施例之已置入彈簣片 的部分剖面示意圖。 10 200815869 第4A圖是本發明一實施例之直下式背光模組的上視示意圖。 第4B圖是本發明一實施例之直下式背光模組的上視示意圖。 第4C圖是本發明一實施例之直下式背光模組的上視示意圖。Therefore, the optical module fixing structure of the backlight module of the present invention can prevent the deformation of the temperature due to temperature. The display of the flat display is effectively improved. The above embodiments are merely based on the technical idea and features of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the contents of the present invention. </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> <RTIgt; Within the scope of the patent. " [Simple description of the diagram] The first diagram is a schematic top view of a conventional backlight module. The first diagram is a partial cross-sectional view of the ία diagram. 2 is a top plan view of a direct type backlight module according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a second side view. Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the constitution of the optical film group of the present invention - Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the constitution of the elastic body according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3C is a view showing a direct type backlight module of an elastic body according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3D is a partial cross-sectional view showing the elastic piece which has been placed in an embodiment of the present invention. 10 200815869 FIG. 4A is a top plan view of a direct type backlight module according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4B is a top plan view of a direct type backlight module according to an embodiment of the present invention. 4C is a top plan view of a direct type backlight module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【主要元件符號說明】 100 直下式背光模組 102 外框 104 光學膜片組 106 擴散板 108 光源 110 背板 112 側框 200 直下式背光模組 202 外框 204 光學膜片組 2041 上擴散片 2042 鏡片膜片 2043 下擴散片 206 擴散板 2061 穿孔 208 光源 210 背板 11 200815869 212 側框 2121 凹槽 220 、 222 通孔 230 、 232 彈性體 2321 螺旋彈簧 2322 壓板 2323 彈簧片 300、400、500 直下式背光模組 302、402、502 外框 304、404、504 光學膜片組 340 、 342 通孔 350 、 352 彈性體 420 、 422 通孔 430 、 432 彈性體 440 、 442 通孔 450 、 452 彈性體 520 、 522 半圓形通孔 530 、 532 彈性體 524 、 526 半圓形通孔 534 、 536 彈性體 540 、 542 半圓形通孔 12 200815869 550 、 552 彈性體 544 、 546 半圓形通孔 554 、 556 彈性體 F] v F2 v F3 x F4 向外的張力 F5、F6、F7、Fs 向外的張力 F11、F21 向外的張力 F12、F22 向外的張力 F3i、f41 向外的張力 F32、F42 向外的張力 13[Main component symbol description] 100 Direct type backlight module 102 Outer frame 104 Optical film group 106 Diffuser plate 108 Light source 110 Back plate 112 Side frame 200 Direct type backlight module 202 Frame 204 Optical film group 2041 Upper diffusion sheet 2042 Lens film 2043 Lower diffuser 206 Diffuser plate 2061 Perforation 208 Light source 210 Back plate 11 200815869 212 Side frame 2121 Groove 220, 222 Through hole 230, 232 Elastomer 2321 Coil spring 2322 Platen 2323 Spring plate 300, 400, 500 Straight down Backlight module 302, 402, 502 outer frame 304, 404, 504 optical film set 340, 342 through hole 350, 352 elastic body 420, 422 through hole 430, 432 elastic body 440, 442 through hole 450, 452 elastic body 520 522 semicircular through hole 530, 532 elastomer 524, 526 semicircular through hole 534, 536 elastic body 540, 542 semicircular through hole 12 200815869 550, 552 elastic body 544, 546 semicircular through hole 554, 556 Elastomer F] v F2 v F3 x F4 Outward tension F5, F6, F7, Fs Outward tension F11, F21 Outward tension F12, F22 outward Tension F3i, f41 outward tension F32, outwardly tension of 13 F42