TW200540545A - Process for the manufacture of electrophoretic displays - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to processes for the manufacture of electrophoretic displays.

Description

▲200540545 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 發明背景 a) 本發明領域 本發明係有關於一種製造電泳顯示器的方法，特別是 多色和區段（sect ional )電泳顯示器。 【先前技術】 b) 相關技藝的敘述 電泳顯示器（EPD)係為一種非發射性的裝置，其係基 於懸浮在溶劑中之帶電荷染料粒子的電泳現象。其在i9f9 年首次被提出。該顯示器通常包含具有電極彼此相對而置 的二個電極板，該電極板以間隔物間隔之。其中之一電極 通常為透明的。由一經染色溶劑與帶電荷染料粒子所組成 的懸浮物被密封於該二個電極板之間。當一電壓差被施加 於二個電極之間時，該染料粒子將遷移至一邊、或者是另 一邊，導致該染料的顏色或該溶劑的顏色可以從觀看端而 被看見。 有許多不同形式的EPDs。在分隔式（partiti〇n type) EPD(芩見 μ·Α· Hopper *V.N〇V〇tny，IEEETrans.Electr· ev·， 26 (8) :1148 — 1152 (1979))當中，在兩個電極 板之間有間隔物，以將空間分割成更小的格子，為的是避 免不希冀的粒子移動，諸如沈澱。微容器形式的EPD (如 同吴國專利案第5,961，804號和第5, 930, 026號中所敘 述）-、有貝貝上為二維的微容器排列，其中各微容器具有 5 ' 200540545 由-介電溶劑與一帶電荷染料粒子懸浮物（在視覺上與介 電溶劑對比）所組成之電泳組成物。另—種型式的Ερβ (參 見美：專利案帛3,61 2,758號）具有從平行線儲存器而形 成之电冰格子。利用透明導體將類似溝渠的電泳格子加以 覆蓋，並與其電接觸。冑—層透明麵（看到面板的那一 側）覆蓋在透明導體上。 種經改良之EPD技術最近揭示於共同繫屬案中，於 年3月3日提出中請之美國專利中請案第⑽/叫彻 號（相對應於麵/ 671 70 )，其内容均於此併入作為束 考資:。該經改良t EPD格子，係藉由（例如）將_層塗 佈於第-基板上之熱塑性或熱固性前趨物進行微壓花所勢 備而f，以形成具有經良好定義之形狀、尺寸、以及縱橫 比的微型杯（microcups)。然後利用—種電泳流體，將 該微型杯進行填充，並且利用一層聚合物密封層來將其進 行頂部密封。再將一層第二基板層合於該經填充及密封的 微型杯上，較佳係利用一層黏著劑層。 該以微型杯為基之多色電泳顯示器具有許多的優點。 舉例而s ，當該微型杯尺寸係為了與次—圖素（別匕一 p1XelS，其係打算用於薄膜電晶體底板上之紅色、綠色、 和藍色）的尺寸相配合而形成，可以分別利用紅色、綠色、 和藍色染色的電泳流體來加以填充，以對應於該τρτ底板 上之次〜圖素的幾何排列。此特徵具有主動式矩陣驅動之 真實多色顯示器更有可能。用於多色以微型杯為基之電泳 顯示器的驅動系統，其實例已詳細敘述於以下之共同繫屬 6 ' 200540545 案當中’在2002年7月16日提出申請之美國序號第", I 98, 729號（相對應於W003/ 009059 )、以及在2〇〇2年8 月16日提出申請之美國序號第1〇/ 222,〇36 ?虎（相對應 於W003/ 0 1 6993 )，此二申請案的内容均完整併入於此作 為茶考貧料。 仗衣^的觀點來看，要將一分鐘流量之電泳流體精確 放置在指定的微型杯當巾’理論上是可以使用目前的技術 來達成。噴墨列印被認為是執行此任務之一種可能的作 法，因為其可以精確地將一預先決定體積的流體，以極微 小之液滴的形4 (經良好控制的尺寸）進行運送。該以微 型杯為基之電泳顯示器，其高的間隔物邊壁似乎亦提供了 :種良好的機制’以避免經喷墨印刷之電泳流體的濺潑和 混合。然而，在執行多色電泳顯示器之滾帶式（roll—t〇 —rol 1 )製造以前，還有許多具有挑戰性的處理方法需要 解決。 而▲ 200540545 9. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] Background of the invention a) Field of the invention The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrophoretic display, especially a multi-color and sect ional electrophoretic display. [Prior art] b) Description of related arts An electrophoretic display (EPD) is a non-emissive device based on the phenomenon of electrophoresis of charged dye particles suspended in a solvent. It was first proposed in i9f9. The display usually includes two electrode plates having electrodes facing each other, the electrode plates being spaced apart by a spacer. One of these electrodes is usually transparent. A suspension composed of a dyeing solvent and charged dye particles is sealed between the two electrode plates. When a voltage difference is applied between the two electrodes, the dye particles will migrate to one side or the other, causing the color of the dye or the color of the solvent to be seen from the viewing end. There are many different forms of EPDs. In a partition type EPD (see μ · Α · Hopper * VN〇VOtny, IEEE Trans.Electr · ev ·, 26 (8): 1148 — 1152 (1979)), there are two electrodes There are spacers between the plates to divide the space into smaller grids in order to avoid unwanted particle movement, such as precipitation. EPD in the form of a microcontainer (as described in Wu Guo Patent Nos. 5,961,804 and 5,930,026)-there is a two-dimensional arrangement of microcontainers on Bebe, where each microcontainer has a 5 '200540545 An electrophoretic composition consisting of a dielectric solvent and a suspension of charged dye particles visually compared to a dielectric solvent. Another type of Ερβ (see US: Patent No. 3,61,758) has an electric ice grid formed from a parallel line reservoir. Cover the trench-like electrophoretic grid with transparent conductors and make electrical contact with it.胄 —The layer of transparent surface (the side where the panel is seen) covers the transparent conductor. An improved EPD technology was recently disclosed in the common family case. The US patent application No. 叫 / called No. (corresponding to noodles / 671 70) filed on March 3rd, 2006, is contained in This is incorporated as a bundle assessment :. The modified t EPD grid is prepared by, for example, micro-embossing a thermoplastic or thermosetting precursor coated on a substrate with a layer to form a well-defined shape and size. , And aspect ratio microcups. The microcup was then filled with an electrophoretic fluid, and a polymer sealant was used to seal the top. A second substrate is laminated on the filled and sealed microcup, preferably using an adhesive layer. The microcup-based multicolor electrophoretic display has many advantages. For example, s, when the size of the miniature cup is formed to match the size of sub-pixels (not p1XelS, which is intended to be used for red, green, and blue on the thin-film transistor substrate), can be separately It is filled with red, green, and blue stained electrophoretic fluids to correspond to the geometrical arrangement of sub-pixels on the τρτ bottom plate. This feature is more likely to be true multicolor displays with active matrix drive. The driving system for the multi-color micro-cup based electrophoretic display has been described in detail in the following Common System 6 '200540545' US Application No. ", I filed on July 16, 2002 No. 98, 729 (corresponding to W003 / 009059), and the US serial number 10/222, 〇36, which filed on August 16, 2002 (corresponding to W003 / 0 1 6993), The contents of these two applications are fully incorporated here as the tea examination materials. From the point of view of clothing, it is theoretically possible to use the current technology to accurately place the electrophoretic fluid with a flow rate of one minute on the designated micro-cup as a towel. Inkjet printing is considered a possible way to perform this task because it can accurately transport a predetermined volume of fluid in the form of tiny droplets 4 (well-controlled size). The microcup-based electrophoretic display also appears to provide a good mechanism with a high spacer side wall 'to avoid splashing and mixing of electrophoretic fluid printed by inkjet printing. However, before implementing the roll-to-roll-type manufacturing of multicolor electrophoretic displays, there are still many challenging processing methods to be solved. and

百先，在該電泳流體中之帶電荷染料粒子的直徑，典 型地係落於十分之-微米至數微米的範圍pB，。噴墨頭之噴 、者土卩以异疋主要的可靠性問題，特別是當該染料 粒子在使用或儲存期間具有凝聚或黏聚的傾向時。 此汗，§該電泳流體中 可’…王軋或碳氫化物溶劑’會因為該溶劑之低表面張 力而產生其他額外的困_。傳、統噴墨油墨或流體之較佳的 表面張力’典型地係落於30_45 dyne/cm的範圍之間。 亟低表面張力（在14—3G dyne/cm的範圍之間）的介電 7 、200540545 溶劑’特別是全氟溶劑，在控制液滴細化過程當中確實會 產生很嚴重的問題。舉例而言，當在一電泳流體中使用： 種全氟溶劑時，要維持一負表面壓力來讓電泳流體保持在 該喷嘴當中，是报困難的。更進一步而言，在該噴嘴頭上 會因為毛細作用而產生不希冀乾燥和微粒沉積，毛細作用 , 會促使一向外的材料流動流向該噴嘴表面。因此，當填充 -該電泳流體中牽涉到噴墨印刷時，要製造具有非常高效率 - 和尚可靠度的電泳顯示器，是非常困難的，特別是當使甩 攀-種低表面張力之介電溶劑時。 此外，在用於以微型杯為基之電泳顯示器的滾帶式製 這方法當中，該電泳流體填充方法之後立即接著一密封方 法。當利用比必須量還要稍微多一點的流體，將在一特定 區域中之微型杯以流體加以填充時，在隨即之密封步驟之 月;J或期間，在此區域（鄰近微型杯）當中的該流體會有「溢 出」的可能性。一種顏色之電泳流體的「溢出」，鄰近於 _包έ其他顏色之電泳流體的微型杯，係意指不同顏色的混 合’這樣會不可避免地造成由其所製成之顯示器的顏色純 度降低。因此，已有強烈的需求，以較寬廣的製程窗口 (process window)利用滾帶式製造方法來製造多色電泳 顯示器，以確保產品品質。 【發明内容】 本發明之概要 本發明的第一方面係有關於一種製造多色電泳顯示器 的方法，其係牵涉到在個別的步驟當中，添加著色劑溶液 8 ' 200540545 或不同顏色的分散液、以及帶電荷染 兮方φ勺虹 卞卄粒子。更具體而言， :“括了一個第-步驟，其係藉自（舉例而言）噴墨 p屌丨，以圖案方式（pattern— 、土 埒、、右棺亡s 將者色劑溶液或分 m至-預先決定之區域㈣微型杯中。二 則係為以圖案方式或者是以非圖案的方式二二 溶劑或溶劑混合物中的電泳流體著 "电 填充的微型杯當中，該電泳流體包括了；==:Baixian, the diameter of the charged dye particles in the electrophoretic fluid typically falls in the range pB from tenths of a micrometer to several micrometers. The main reliability problems of inkjet head spraying are different, especially when the dye particles have a tendency to agglomerate or agglomerate during use or storage. In this sweat, § the king fluid or the hydrocarbon solvent in the electrophoretic fluid may cause additional difficulties due to the low surface tension of the solvent. The preferred surface tension of a conventional inkjet ink or fluid is typically in the range of 30-45 dyne / cm. Extremely low surface tension (between 14-3G dyne / cm) dielectrics 7, 200540545 Solvents, especially perfluorinated solvents, do cause serious problems in the process of controlling droplet refinement. For example, when using: a perfluorinated solvent in an electrophoretic fluid, it is difficult to maintain a negative surface pressure to keep the electrophoretic fluid in the nozzle. Furthermore, on the nozzle head, there is an undesired drying and particle deposition due to capillary action, and the capillary action will promote an outward material flow to the nozzle surface. Therefore, when filling—the electrophoretic fluid involves inkjet printing, it is very difficult to manufacture a highly efficient—monk-reliable electrophoretic display, especially when using a low surface tension dielectric solvent. Time. In addition, in the roll-belt manufacturing method for a microcup-based electrophoretic display, the electrophoretic fluid filling method is followed by a sealing method. When the microcups in a specific area are filled with fluid using slightly more fluid than necessary, in the month of the immediately subsequent sealing step; J or during this period (adjacent to the microcup) The fluid may "spill". The "overflow" of electrophoretic fluid of one color, which is adjacent to the micro-cups containing electrophoretic fluids of other colors, means the mixing of different colors', which will inevitably cause the purity of the display made by it to decrease. Therefore, there has been a strong demand to use a roll-to-roll manufacturing method to manufacture a multi-color electrophoretic display with a wider process window to ensure product quality. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a multicolor electrophoretic display, which involves adding a colorant solution 8 ′ 200540545 or a dispersion of different colors in a separate step, As well as charged 染 spoon iris particles. More specifically, "" encloses a first step, which is borrowed from (for example) inkjet p 屌 丨, in a patterned manner (pattern—, soil ,, right coffin, toner solution, or Divided into-the predetermined area ㈣ in the micro-cup. The second is the electrophoretic fluid in a solvent or solvent mixture in a pattern or non-pattern. "Electro-filled micro-cup, the electrophoretic fluid Included; ==:

Tl〇2或者是其他白色或彩色染料）。 卞、" 在该者色劑溶液或分散液當中所使用的載體溶劑，可 :相同或不同於在電泳流體當中的介電溶劑或溶劑混合 物：如果在該著色劑溶液或分散液中的載體溶劑不同於介 黾洛片丨1或/谷劑混合物的話盆 ^ ^ 具/、會作用為著色劑的載體， 、’且在將該著色劑運送到其指定的位置上以後就被蒸發。 —在添加該電泳流體之後，則將該微型杯中的著色劑再 -人命解或再次分散回去該f泳流體當中。然後再將如此所 填充的微型杯’藉由本案和相關中請案當中所敘述的密封 方法之一進行頂部密封（tQP-sealed)。Tl02 or other white or colored dye). Quot, " The carrier solvent used in the toner solution or dispersion can be: the same or different from the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrophoretic fluid: if the carrier in the colorant solution or dispersion If the solvent is different from the medicament tablet or the cereal mixture, it will be used as a carrier for the colorant, and will be evaporated after the colorant is transported to its designated location. -After adding the electrophoretic fluid, the toner in the microcup is re-degraded or dispersed back into the f swimming fluid. Then the mini-cups thus filled are top-sealed (tQP-sealed) by one of the sealing methods described in this case and related claims.

J x 一方面係有關於一種製造電泳顯示器的方 法，其包括以不闾雷、；_ J尾冰特被之電泳流體所填充的微型杯， 5者如切換速率、庇+ 底限电壓、γ ( gamma )及/或清除電壓 (clearing v〇itage)。該方法包括的步驟有··藉由（例 )喷丄p刷以圖案方式，利用添加劑溶液或分散液來填 充U 5L杯以提供各種不同的特徵，之後再以圖案方式或 以非圖案方式’將分散在介電溶劑或溶劑混合物中的電泳 9 200540545 流體 當中 他白 由本 密封 ’添加至以添加劑溶液或 ，兮刀放液所預先填充的微型杯 该电冰、抓月豆包括了帶電荷 17木科（例如π 〇9哎者是苴 色或彩色染料）。然後再 2歲者疋八 安夺知明由4 將如此所填充的微型杯，藉 木和才關申h案當中所敘 < W在封方法之一進行頂部 適用於添加劑可包括（γ “ C但疋不侷限於）界面活性劑、 保遵性膠體、聚合物、點声故卜 .一。 黏度改性劑、電荷控制劑、穩定劑、 抗氧化劑、螢光材料、殖吞私On the one hand, J x relates to a method for manufacturing an electrophoretic display, which includes a micro-cup filled with electrophoretic fluid, such as a switching rate, a sheltering + bottom voltage, γ (γ) and / or clearing voltage (clearing voltage). The method includes the following steps: (for example) spraying the p brush in a patterned manner, using an additive solution or dispersion to fill the U 5L cup to provide various characteristics, and then patterned or non-patterned. Electrophoresis with dispersion in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture 9 200540545 The fluid is added to the micro-cup pre-filled with the additive solution or the knife solution. The electric ice and moon beans include a charged 17 Wood (for example, π 〇09 is ocher or color dye). Then the 2-year-old 疋 Ba'an won the knowledge that the miniature cup filled by 4 will be borrowed from the wood and Cai Guanshen h < W in one of the sealing methods. The top applies to the additives may include (γ "C But it is not limited to) surfactants, conformable colloids, polymers, point-and-click suggestions. I. Viscosity modifiers, charge control agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, fluorescent materials, colonization and smuggling

何討填兄初、以及填充物微粒。有周的 添加劑的具體實例可向扭那此 J i括那些在以下共同繫屬案當中所揭 示的添加劑42〇〇2年^ 3】日提出中請之美國序號 國序號第1〇/ 335,051號、在2〇〇3年7月3〇日提出申請 之美國序號第卿2，171號、在2〇〇3年1〇月9曰提出 申請之美國序號第1 0/ 683,869號 '在2〇〇3年1〇月14 曰提出申請之美國序號第1 0/ 686 501號、在2004年10 月27日提出申請之美國序號第1〇/ 976 1 52號、以及在 20 04年10月27日提出申請之美國序號第1〇/ 976，244 弟1〇/ 335,21 0號、在2002年12月31曰提出申請之美How to fill in the first brother, and filler particles. Specific examples of additives can be added to the list of additives disclosed in the following common affiliate cases. The United States serial number 10 / 335,051 filed on the date of the request 2. U.S. Serial No. 2,171, filed on July 30, 2003; U.S. Serial No. 10 / 683,869, filed on October 9, 2003; U.S. Serial No. 10/686 501 filed on October 14, 2003; U.S. Serial No. 10/976 1 52, filed on October 27, 2004; and October 27, 2004 U.S. Serial No. 10 / 976,244, 10 / 335,21 0, filed on December 31, 2002

號，以上所有的申請案内容均完整併入於此作為參考資 料。 如以上所敘述之本發明的第一和第二方面的方法，亦 可適用於區段電泳顯示器的製造。 本么明之方法具有需多的優點。舉例而言，預被填充 之著色劑或添加劑溶液或分散液的表面張力和流變性 (rheology )，可以獨立於該電泳流體而加以最佳化。這 -200540545 樣可k供較寬廣的製程窗口’來尋找一種適當的精確取代 方法。第二，如果係使用噴墨印刷，即可降低因為該染料 粒子:使得噴墨噴嘴阻塞的風險。第三，該方法係相容於 X滾▼式製造方法。在該方法當中所使用的電泳流體，可 通用於所有的微型杯，並且作為預先填充於該微型杯當中 之I同著色劑或添加劑之頂部上的覆蓋層。因此，在隨即 勺山封方法期間，介於鄰近微型杯之間的電泳流體的些微 - |益出，不會在該顯示器之光學或電的性能上產生任何影 響。此外，該方法包含了比目前可取得之製造多色電泳顯 示裔的方法還要少的成本與製程步驟。 事貫上，本發明已經克服了在製造電泳顯示器時，特 別在使用噴墨印刷當中的主要障礙。換句話說，該二步驟 方法（two — step process )在多色電泳顯示器之滾帶式 製造中’已經可以使用喷墨印刷了。 本發明之詳細敘述 定義 除非在本專利說明書中另有定義，否則在此所有的技 術術語皆根據熟習本技藝之人士所通常使用並瞭解的慣用 定義而被使用。 该術語「微型杯」係意指類似杯子狀的顯示器格子， 如以下共同繫屬案當中所敘述：在2000年3月3日提出 申請之美國序號第09/ 51 8, 488號、以及美國專利案第 6, 788, 449號。為了更容易說明，在該方法之敘述當中使 用了該術語「微型杯」；然而，應該要了解到的是，本發 11 -200540545 明之方法的有#松# τ 亚不侷限於微型杯技術。 運用到製造電泳顯示器之甘a ~ 乂將4方法 、 之，、他技術上。因此，兮; 型杯」係廣泛地包含了斛女 η玄術語「微 ^ 3 了所有形式的顯示器格子。在 案當中，該術語「顯干哭/ 甲。月 々、 、、/、。α Q子」係廣泛地定義為將諸如著 冷液’分散液、添加劑溶液或分 體之材料，填充進去的凹洞。 义者…流 該術語「圖案方式传 id係用來敘述一種方法步驟，其係 於預先選定之區域當中進行。 八/、 ,β術^「非圖案方式」係用來敛述一種方法步驟，其 亚非縣選定之區域當中進行。通常，「非圖案方式」^ 方法步驟係於-大區域或—整個區域當中進行。 【貫施方式】 I ·微型杯的製備 以微型杯為基之雷洗gg +突、 也/水顯不态，其一般的說明係顯示於 圖1當中。 該顯示器包括了二個電極板（丄〇、丄丄），直中至 ^個為透明的（10)，以及包圍在二片電極板:間的 米層U型杯（1 2 )。利用分散在介電溶劑或溶劑混合物 吾中之帶電荷染料粒子，將該微型杯加以填充，並且利用 一層聚合物密封層（13)來加以密封。當一電壓差被施 加=二個電極之間時，該帶電荷染料粒子將遷移至一邊或 另—邊’導致帶電荷染料粒子的顏色、或者是該介電溶劑 或洛劑混合物的顏色可以透過該透明電極板而被看見。該 一片電極板中之一可以被圖案化。 12 200540545 以微型杯為基之顯示器格子的製備，可以藉由微壓花 或影像曝光來完成，如以下之共同繫屬案當中所揭示··在 2000年3月3日提出申請之美國序號第〇9/ 51 8, 488號（相 對應於W001 / 671 70 );或者也可藉由一種預先穿洞的方 法（pre—punched hole process)來完成，如同在 200 1 年8月29曰提出申請之美國序號第〇9/ 942, 532 (栢對應 於W003/ 01 9280 )、以及現在的美國專利案第6,788,449 唬，以上所有的申請案内容均完整併入於此作為參考資 II·懸浮液/分散液的製備 利用一種電泳流體將該微型杯加以填充，該電泳流體 包括分散在介電溶劑或溶劑混合物當中的帶電荷染料粒 子。該分散液可以根據習知技藝當中的方法來加以製備， 諸如美國專利案第6,01 7,584號、第5,914,8〇6號、第No., the contents of all the above applications are fully incorporated herein as reference materials. The methods of the first and second aspects of the invention as described above are also applicable to the manufacture of segment electrophoretic displays. The Benmemin method has many advantages. For example, the surface tension and rheology of a pre-filled toner or additive solution or dispersion can be optimized independently of the electrophoretic fluid. This -200540545 can be used for a wider process window 'to find a suitable accurate replacement method. Second, if inkjet printing is used, the risk of blocking the inkjet nozzles due to the dye particles: Third, this method is compatible with the X-roll ▼ manufacturing method. The electrophoretic fluid used in this method can be universally used in all microcups, and serves as a coating layer on top of the same colorant or additive that is pre-filled in the microcups. Therefore, during the subsequent spoon-sealing method, the slightest benefit of the electrophoretic fluid between adjacent microcups does not have any impact on the optical or electrical performance of the display. In addition, the method includes less cost and manufacturing steps than currently available methods for making polychromatic electrophoretic display cells. In fact, the present invention has overcome the main obstacles in the use of inkjet printing, especially in the manufacture of electrophoretic displays. In other words, the two-step process is already ready for inkjet printing in the roll-to-roll manufacturing of multicolor electrophoretic displays. Detailed Description of the Invention Definitions Unless defined otherwise in this patent specification, all technical terms used herein are based on customary definitions commonly used and understood by those skilled in the art. The term "miniature cup" means a cup-shaped display grid, as described in the following common case: US Serial No. 09/51 8, 488, filed on March 3, 2000, and US patents Case No. 6,788,449. To make it easier to explain, the term "microcup" is used in the description of this method; however, it should be understood that the method described in the present 11-200540545 method has # 松 # τ Asian is not limited to the microcup technology. There are 4 methods, techniques, and techniques used in the manufacture of electrophoretic displays. Therefore, the Xi-type cup contains the term "micro ^ 3" in all forms of display grids. In the case, the term "Xiangan cry / A. Moon 々, ,, /, .α Q "Don" is broadly defined as a cavity into which a material such as a chilled liquid 'dispersion, additive solution, or split is filled. The righteous ... The term "pattern method id" is used to describe a method step, which is performed in a pre-selected area. Eighth ,,, and β ^^ "non-pattern method" is used to summarize a method step, It is carried out in areas selected by Yafei County. Generally, the "non-patterned method" ^ method steps are performed in-a large area or-the entire area. [Implementation method] I. Preparation of micro-cups The micro-cups are used to wash the gg + protrusions and / or water. The general description is shown in Figure 1. The display includes two electrode plates (丄 0, 丄 丄), the middle to ^ of which are transparent (10), and a rice-shaped U-shaped cup (1 2) surrounded by the two electrode plates :. The microcup is filled with charged dye particles dispersed in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture, and sealed with a polymer sealing layer (13). When a voltage difference is applied = between two electrodes, the charged dye particles will migrate to one side or the other-leading to the color of the charged dye particles, or the color of the dielectric solvent or lotion mixture being transparent. The transparent electrode plate is seen. One of the electrode plates may be patterned. 12 200540545 The preparation of display grids based on microcups can be completed by micro-embossing or image exposure, as disclosed in the following common case: · US serial number filed on March 3, 2000 〇9 / 51 8, 488 (corresponding to W001 / 671 70); or it can be completed by a pre-punched hole process, as in the application on August 29, 2001 US Serial No. 09/942, 532 (Pak corresponds to W003 / 01 9280), and the current US Patent No. 6,788,449. All the contents of the above applications are fully incorporated herein as reference II. Suspension / The dispersion is prepared by filling the microcup with an electrophoretic fluid that includes charged dye particles dispersed in a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture. The dispersion can be prepared according to methods known in the art, such as U.S. Patent Nos. 6,01 7,584, 5,914,806, No.

5,573,71 1 號、第 5,403,51 8 號、第 5,380,362 號、第 4, 680, 1 03 號、第 4, 285, 801 號、第 4, 093, 534 號、第 4, 071，430 號、第 3, 668, 1 06、IEEE Trans· Electron Device ED-24，827 ( 1 977)，以及 j· Appl_ phys. 49⑻，482〇 ( 1 978 )。該帶電荷染料粒子與該染料粒子所分散於其中 的介質，纟視覺上呈現對比。該介質係為一種介電溶劑或 溶劑混合物，其較佳係、具有低黏滞性且介電常數範圍為大 4 2至大約30 (對於高粒子移動率而言），較佳為約2至 約15 °適當的介電溶劑的實例包含有 (DECALIN) 、5—亞乙基_2—原冰片烯、 諸如十氫萘 脂肪油、石虫敗 13 •200540545 油等碳氫化合物；諸如曱苯、二甲苯、苯基二甲苯乙烷、 十二苯或烷基萘、鹵化溶劑之芳香族碳氫化合物；諸如全 氣十氮蔡、全氟甲苯、全氟二甲苯、二氣苯並三敦、3,4,5 一二氯苯亚二氟、氯五氟基苯、二氯壬烯、五氯基苯等之 函化溶劑；或者是諸如來自明尼蘇達州st· Paul之3M公 司的FC—43、FC-70和FC— 5060之全氟溶劑；諸如來自 . 奥勒崗州波特蘭之TCI America的聚全氟環氧丙烷之低分 子量之含由素的聚合物；諸如來自紐澤西州River Edge 之 Halocarbon Product 公司的 Hal〇carbon 0ils 之聚氯 三氟乙烯；諸如來自Ausimont的Galden、或是來自德拉 瓦州 DuPont 的 Krytox 0ils 和 Greases K_Fluid SeHes 之全氟化聚烷基醚。於一較佳的具體態樣中，係使用聚氣 二氟乙烯做為介電溶劑。於另一較佳的具體實施例中，係 使用聚全氟環氧丙烧做為介電溶劑。 該懸洋介質可以藉由著色劑（亦即顏料或染料）來加 •以染色。非離子偶氮與戀醌染料特別地有用。有用的染料 可包括（但是不侷限於）來自於Py laiR 公司（亞 利桑那州）的 Oil Red EGN、Sudan Red、Sudan Biue、Oil5,573,71 No. 1, No. 5,403,51 No. 8, No. 5,380,362, No. 4,680, 1 03, No. 4, 285, 801, No. 4, 093, 534, No. 4, 071,430, No. 3, 668, 106, IEEE Trans. Electron Device ED-24, 827 (1 977), and J. Appl. Phys. 49, 482 (1 978). The charged dye particles are visually contrasted with the medium in which the dye particles are dispersed. The medium is a dielectric solvent or a mixture of solvents. It is preferably a low-viscosity solvent having a large dielectric constant ranging from 42 to about 30 (for high particle mobility), preferably about 2 to Examples of suitable dielectric solvents at about 15 ° include (DECALIN), 5-ethylidene_2-orthobornene, hydrocarbons such as decahydronaphthalene oil, stone insects 13 • 200540545 oils; such as toluene , Xylene, phenylxylylene, dodecyl or alkylnaphthalene, aromatic hydrocarbons of halogenated solvents; such as pergas decazepine, perfluorotoluene, perfluoroxylene, digas benzotridenone , 3,4,5 dichlorobenzene difluoride, chloropentafluorobenzene, dichlorononene, pentachlorobenzene, etc .; or solvents such as 3M Company from St. Paul, Minnesota FC— 43, FC-70 and FC-5060 perfluoro solvents; such as low molecular weight fluorescein-containing polymers from TCI America's TCI America in Portland, Oregon; such as from New Jersey Polychlorotrifluoroethylene from Halocarbon Product, Halocarbon Product of River Edge, Texas; such as from Au Galden from simont or Krytox 0ils and Greases K_Fluid SeHes from DuPont, Delaware. In a preferred embodiment, polydifluoroethylene is used as the dielectric solvent. In another preferred embodiment, polyperfluoropropylene oxide is used as the dielectric solvent. The suspension medium can be dyed with colorants (ie pigments or dyes). Nonionic azo and quinone dyes are particularly useful. Useful dyes can include (but are not limited to) Oil Red EGN, Sudan Red, Sudan Biue, Oil from Py laiR (Arizona)

Blue、Macrolex Blue、溶劑 Blue 35、Pylam Spirit Black 以及 Fast Spii it Black ;來自於 Aldrich 之 Sudan Black B ’ 來自於 BASF 公司的 Thermoplastic Black X— 70 ;來 自於憩醌藍、憩醌黃114、憩醌紅U1、135、以及憩醌綠 28。氟化著色劑，諸如揭示在以下之共同繫屬案當中的那 些氣化著色劑：在2003年5月15曰提出申請之美國序號 14 -200540545 第1 0/ 439, 428號、在2004年7月29日提出申請之美國 序號第1 0/ 903, 923號，以上二件申請案内容均完整併入 於此作為參考資料，當使用氟化著色劑做為該介電溶劑 時，特別有用。Blue, Macrolex Blue, Solvent Blue 35, Pylam Spirit Black, and Fast Spii it Black; Sudan Black B from Aldrich '' From Thermoplastic Black X-70 from BASF; From Isoquinone Blue, Isoquinone Yellow 114, Isoquinone Red U1, 135, and quinone green 28. Fluorinated colorants, such as those disclosed in the Common System case: U.S. Serial No. 14 -200540545 No. 1 / 439,428, filed on May 15, 2003, and July 2004 US Serial No. 10/903, 923, filed on May 29. The contents of the above two applications are fully incorporated herein as reference materials. It is particularly useful when a fluorinated colorant is used as the dielectric solvent.

在不可溶的顏料或染料例子當中，該用於產生該介質 之顏色的顏料或染料，同樣可以分散於該電介質當中。這 些顏料或染料較佳為不帶電荷的。如果該用於產生該介質 之顏色的顏料或染料帶電荷的話，其較佳係帶著與該帶電 何染料粒子相反的電荷。如果該顏料或染料帶著與該帶電 何染料粒子相同電荷的話，其應該會具有不同的電荷密度 或者是不同的電泳流動性。在任何一種情形當中，該用於 產生該介質之顏色的顏料或染料，均必須是處於化學穩定 狀態，並且可與分散液當中之其他成分相容。 該帶電#染料粒子彳以是一種有機或無機的顏料或染 =，諸如^自於SUn Chemical之Μ、酞花青藍、狀花 青綠、二芳香醯苯胺黃、二芳香醯苯AAOT黃、以及奎吖 啶 Uuinacridone)、偶氮、若丹明（rh〇daifline)、二萘嵌 苯（perylene)染料系列；來自於Kant〇 Chemicai之 yellow G particles ;以及來自於 Fisher 之 Carb〇nIn the case of insoluble pigments or dyes, the pigment or dye used to produce the color of the medium can also be dispersed in the dielectric. These pigments or dyes are preferably uncharged. If the pigment or dye used to produce the color of the medium is charged, it is preferably charged opposite to the charged dye particles. If the pigment or dye has the same charge as the charged dye particles, it should have a different charge density or different electrophoretic fluidity. In either case, the pigment or dye used to produce the color of the medium must be chemically stable and compatible with the other ingredients in the dispersion. The charged #dye particle is an organic or inorganic pigment or dye, such as ^ from SUn Chemical, phthalocyanine blue, cyanine green, diaromatic aniline yellow, diaromatic benzene aniline yellow, Quinacridine (Uuinacridone), azo, rhodaifline, perylene dye series; yellow G particles from Kanto Chemicala; and Carbon from Fisher

Lampblack。較佳為次微米的粒子尺寸。該粒子應該具有 可接夂的光學特徵，應該不會因為介電溶劑而膨脹或軟 化，並且應該要處於化學穩定狀態。在正常的作業條件下， 所產生的懸浮物同樣必須要穩定且能抗沈澱、乳化或凝 結0 15 -200540545 該染料粒子可具有母電荷，或 凡J便用电何控制劑直接 f电’或可在懸浮於介電溶劑中時獲得電荷。適當的 電荷控制劑為本技藝所熟知；其可為聚合或非聚合性質， 且亦可為離子化或非離子化，包括離子界面活化劑，諸如 A:r〇S〇1 〇T、十二苯磺酸鈉、金屬肥皂、聚丁烯琥珀醯亞 月女順丁烯一酸酐共聚物、乙烯吡咯烷酮共聚物（諸如來 自 Internati〇nalSpecialPr〇ductsiGanex)、（甲美） 丙^共⑽、„一：甲基胺基乙基（甲基）丙稀酸乙^ ^承物。氟化界面活性劑在全氟化碳中作為溶劑電荷控制 劑特別有用。這些包括了 Fc氣化界面活性劑，諸如來自⑽Lampblack. A particle size of sub-micron is preferred. The particles should have accessible optical characteristics, should not swell or soften due to a dielectric solvent, and should be chemically stable. Under normal operating conditions, the suspended matter produced must also be stable and resistant to precipitation, emulsification or coagulation. 0 15 -200540545 The dye particles may have a mother charge, or the control agent is used to directly charge electricity whenever J is used. Charge can be obtained when suspended in a dielectric solvent. Appropriate charge control agents are well known in the art; they can be polymeric or non-polymeric in nature, and can also be ionized or non-ionized, including ionic interface activators such as A: r0S〇1〇T, twelve Sodium benzene sulfonate, metal soap, polybutene succinyl methacrylate maleic anhydride copolymer, vinylpyrrolidone copolymer (such as from Internati〇nalSpecialPróductsiGanex), (Medium) Co-copolymers, Methylaminoethyl (meth) acrylic acid ^^^ support. Fluorinated surfactants are particularly useful as solvent charge control agents in perfluorocarbons. These include Fc gasification surfactants, such as those derived from ⑽

公司的 FC - 170C、FC- 17卜 FC- 176、FC430、FC431 和 FC —740以及Zonyl氟代表面活性劑諸如來自如卯以的z〇nyi FSA、FSE、FSN、FSN- 1〇〇、FS0、FS0— 100、FSD 和 LTR。 當使用一種氟化溶劑做為該介電溶劑時，揭示於以下 共同繫屬案當中的電荷控制劑與界面活性劑或分散劑，係 特別有用的：在2002年12月31日提出申請之美國序號 第10/335’210號、在20 02年12月31日提出申請之美 國序號第10/335, 051號 '在2003年7月30日提出申請 之美國序號第10/6 32, 171號、在2003年10月9日提出 申請之美國序號第10/683, 869號、在2003年10月14 曰提出申請之美國序號第1 0/ 686, 5〇1號、在2〇〇4年a 月27日提出申請之美國序號第1〇/ 976, 1 52號、以及在 2004年10月27日提出申請之美國序號第1〇/ 976，244 號，以上所有的申請案内容均完整併入於此作為參考資 16 -200540545 料。 適當的帶電荷染料分散液可藉由任何熟知的方法製 造，包含研磨、粉碎、磨粉、微流體化（micr〇fiuidizing)The company's FC-170C, FC-17, FC-176, FC430, FC431 and FC-740, and Zonyl fluorine represent surfactants such as Zonyi FSA, FSE, FSN, FSN-1〇〇, FS0 , FS0—100, FSD, and LTR. When a fluorinated solvent is used as the dielectric solvent, the charge control agents and surfactants or dispersants disclosed in the following common family cases are particularly useful: the United States of America, which filed an application on December 31, 2002 US Serial No. 10 / 335'210, US Serial No. 10/335, 051 'filed on December 31, 2002 US Serial No. 10/6 32, 171, filed on July 30, 2003 U.S. Serial No. 10/683, 869, filed on October 9, 2003, U.S. Serial No. 10/686, 501, filed on October 14, 2003, in 2004 a U.S. Serial No. 10/976, 1 52, filed on 27th, and U.S. Serial No. 10 / 976,244, filed on October 27, 2004. All the above applications are complete and complete. It is incorporated here as reference 16-200540545. Appropriate charged dye dispersions can be made by any well-known method, including milling, pulverization, milling, microfiuidizing

以及超音波技術。舉例而言，細微粉末形式的染料粒子被 添加至該懸浮溶劑，而所產生的混合物被球磨或磨粉數小 時’而將高度凝結的乾燥染料粉末粉碎成最初的粒子。雖 然較不佳，但是在該球磨製程期詩生產非遷移流體 著色劑的色素或染料可被添加至該懸浮物。 該染料粒子的沈澱或乳化可藉由以適當的聚合物將該 粒子微容器化而被消除，使得其比重與該介電溶劑的比重 -致。該染料粒子的微容器化可以化學或物理的方式完 成。典型的微容器方法包含介面聚合、原位聚合、相分離、 是承猙电塗佈、噴務乾燥、流化床塗佈以及溶劑蒸發。 就黑/白的電泳顯示器而言，該懸浮物包含分散於愛 色溶劑中之帶電荷的白色二氧化鈦粒+(Τι〇2)，或分散 於介電溶劑中的帶電荷黑色粒子。黑色顏料或顏料混合 物1如來自於Pylam ProductS公司（亞利桑那州）之pylam P11 It Black 與 Fast Spirit Black，來自於 Aldrich 公 司的 Sudan Black B，來自於 BASF 公司的 Therm〇piastic Black X- 70TM ’或諸如碳黑之不可溶性的黑色染料，可以 ，用來產生洛劑的黑色。就其他有顏色的懸浮物而言，有 夕種的可旎性。對於減色系統（subtractive color 了 tem )而σ ，▼電荷的二氧化鈦粒子可懸浮於藍綠色、 黃色或紫紅色的介電溶劑中。該藍綠色、黃色或紫紅色可 17 •200540545 使用顏料或染料而產生。對於加色系統（add⑴ve c — system)而言，帶電荷的二氧化鈦粒子可懸浮於紅色、綠 色或藍色的介電溶劑中，其中該紅色、綠色或藍色亦可使 用顏科或染料而產生。該紅色、綠色或藍色的系統對大多 數的應用而言係為較佳的。 I π ·該經填充之微型杯的密封 一微型杯的密封可以多種方法完成。其中一種方法係將 種可固化組成物分散至電泳流體當申，該電 包含令了分散於介電溶劑或溶劑混合物當中的帶電荷染料\ 〜^ UV可固化組成物與該介電溶劑或溶劑混合物是不 互溶的，且在較佳情形下具有不高於該介電溶劑和帶電荷 染料粒子的比重。將1 μ Μ此兩種成/刀’ UV可固化組成物以及電 Π (例如）直列混合器當 :並且立即利用-精確塗佈機制，塗佈於該微 I之、，諸如Myrad棒、凹板印刷術、刮刀片、長縫塗 或:,Γ縫Γ布。過量的流體將藉由掃桿刮刀（wiperbi則 ;r式Γ衣置而被刮除。少量的弱溶劑或者諸如異丙醇、 面溶液可被使用於清洗該微型杯之分隔壁頂端表 以…免體。少量的弱溶劑或溶劑混合物，諸如異 :邊手辟L醇或其水溶液，可以被用來清洗該微型杯之間隔 被用二：表面上的殘留電泳流體。揮發性的有機溶劑可 泳流體的黏滞性與覆蓋性。然後將此經填 電泳、、1^加·乾’而該ϋν可固化組成物會漂浮至該 ，部。藉由將該浮在表面的密封層，例如υν， 18 200540545 、、二員。卩的期間或之後，進行固化，來將該微型杯加 及:封或者是其他形式的輻射，諸如可見光、IR以 及電子束，接可被用來將該微型杯進行固化並密封。此外， 使用熱或濕氣可固化組成物的話，還可以使用熱或渔 =該微，不進行固化並密封。在此段落中所指稱之密 /係為單一步驟（one—step)密封方法。 发传=密封之該輕射可固化組成物，可包括一種材料， 歸二，Z多價的丙烯酸酿、或甲基丙场酸醋、氮基丙 埽化：、：：乙？基苯、乙稀基石夕燒、乙稀驗之多價的乙 寒t物^貝的％乳化物、多價的異氛酸醋、多價丙稀與 、鈥含可交聯官能基之聚合物所組成的群組中。 煞塑=Γ體同樣可以被用來作為密封材料。有用的 段：:::體例可包請、和⑽η型所代表㈣ I甲—:二是多嵌段共聚物，其中Α係為苯乙烯、 異戊：烯乙1、乙稀、丙稀或原冰片稀；B係為丁二烯、 、叹_烯、乙烯、 而A與B無法在同—化學：中=氧院或硫化丙稀； f卜…代表性的共聚物可包:!子(;’乙V:，較佳 綠）' 聚（苯乙稀4 匕括“本乙細-b-丁二 綠〜b-異戊二烯一b—二-:广苯乙缚）、聚（苯乙 /丁lb-、聚（苯乙烯—b—乙烯 苯乙烯）、聚（J聚（苯乙烯一二甲基硅氧烷- 甲基苯乙烯、本乙細—卜異戍二稀）、聚 聚（卜曱基笨乙稀b—α—曱基苯乙稀）、 硫化丙烯一 b—α—甲基苯乙烯）、 19 -200540545 或者是聚（Οί—甲基苯乙烯_b 一二曱基硅氧烷一 b_a 一甲 基本乙烯）。可以使用添加劑，諸如二氧化矽微粒和界面 活性劑’來改良薄膜完整性以及塗層品質。 。展現希冀之密度及溶解度的介電溶劑，有別於丙烯酸 醋單體和寡聚物’其較佳的族群係為_化碳氫化物及其衍 生物。可以使用界面活性劑，來改良介於該電泳流體與該 密封材料間之介面上的黏著性及水氣。有用的界面活性劑 包括了來自於3M公司的FC界面活性劑、來自於Dup〇nt之 Z〇nyl/化界面活性劑、i化丙烯酸醋、氣化甲基丙稀酸 酯、氟取代長鏈醇類、全氟取代的長鏈幾酸及其衍生物。 此外，如果該密封組成物係至少部分與該介電溶劑不 相互溶的話，還可將該電泳流體與密封組成物依序塗佈至 該微型杯當中。因此，該微型杯的密封可以藉由塗佈一層 :封組錢（其可藉由輕射、熱、歷氣、或者是介面反應 :加以固化）薄層至該電泳流體的表面上而完成。界面聚 妾著進行uv固化對於該密封方法極為有益。藉由界 護層……： 則該電泳層與保 二 δ明顯地被抑制。然後，該頂部密封藉 =;!:步驟（較佳藉由υν輕射）完成。為了更進 之=重的程度’該外塗層之比重不大於該電泳流體 匕重為。人所向度希冀的。揮發性有機溶劑可 调整該保護層的黏滯性愈厚 、 該……杜 揮發性溶劑被使用於 ，佳與該介電溶劑不互溶。當所使用於電泳 々勺者色劑至少部分地相溶於該密封組成物時，該二步 20 -200540545 驟的保護膜方法特別地有用。And ultrasonic technology. For example, dye particles in the form of fine powder are added to the suspension solvent, and the resulting mixture is ball milled or ground for a few hours' to pulverize the highly coagulated dry dye powder into the original particles. Although less favorable, pigments or dyes that produce non-migrating fluid colorants during the ball milling process can be added to the suspension. The precipitation or emulsification of the dye particles can be eliminated by microcontaining the particles with an appropriate polymer, so that their specific gravity is consistent with that of the dielectric solvent. Microcontainerization of the dye particles can be accomplished chemically or physically. Typical microcontainer methods include interface polymerization, in-situ polymerization, phase separation, electrocoating, spray drying, fluidized bed coating, and solvent evaporation. For a black / white electrophoretic display, the suspension contains charged white titanium dioxide particles (T2O2) dispersed in a color solvent, or charged black particles dispersed in a dielectric solvent. Black pigments or pigment mixtures 1 such as pylam P11 It Black and Fast Spirit Black from Pylam ProductS (Arizona), Sudan Black B from Aldrich, Thermo Black X-70TM from BASF or the like Carbon black is an insoluble black dye that can be used to produce blacks for lozenges. As for other colored suspended matter, there is a certain degree of susceptibility. For a subtractive color system (subtractive color), σ, ▼ charges of titanium dioxide particles can be suspended in a blue-green, yellow or fuchsia dielectric solvent. The blue-green, yellow or fuchsia can be produced using pigments or dyes. For an add⑴ve c — system, charged titanium dioxide particles can be suspended in a red, green or blue dielectric solvent, where the red, green or blue can also be produced using Yanke or dyes. . This red, green or blue system is preferred for most applications. I π Sealing of the filled microcups Sealing a microcup can be accomplished in a variety of ways. One method is to disperse a curable composition into an electrophoretic fluid. The electricity includes a charged dye dispersed in a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture. \ ~ ^ UV curable composition and the dielectric solvent or solvent The mixture is immiscible and, in a preferred case, has a specific gravity not higher than the dielectric solvent and the charged dye particles. Apply 1 μM of these two types of UV curable composition and electric Π (for example) inline mixer when: and immediately use-precision coating mechanism, coated on the micro I, such as Myrad rod, concave Lithography, scraper blade, long seam coating or :, Γ seam Γ cloth. Excess fluid will be scraped off with a wiper scraper (wiperbi; r-type Γ clothes). A small amount of weak solvent or such as isopropyl alcohol, surface solution can be used to clean the top surface of the partition wall of the microcup to ... Free body. A small amount of weak solvents or solvent mixtures, such as isoproline L alcohol or its aqueous solution, can be used to clean the microcup. The interval between the two is used: residual electrophoretic fluid on the surface. Volatile organic solvents can be The viscosity and covering property of the swimming fluid. Then this electrophoresis is performed, and then the ^ ν curable composition will float to the region, and the sealing layer floating on the surface, such as υν, 18 200540545, two members. During or after 卩, curing is performed to add the microcup: sealed or other forms of radiation, such as visible light, IR and electron beam, can be used to connect the microcup The cup is cured and sealed. In addition, if a heat or moisture curable composition is used, heat or fishing can be used. The micro is not cured and sealed. The dense / referred to in this paragraph is a single step (one —Step) Sealing method Send = the sealed light-curable composition can include a material, in two, Z polyvalent acrylic, or methyl propionate, nitrogen propionate:, :: ethyl? It is composed of ethylene sulphuric acid, the polyvalent acetic acid of acetic acid, the polyhydric emulsifier, polyvalent isocyanate, polyvalent acrylic, and a polymer containing crosslinkable functional groups. In the group. The plastic = Γ body can also be used as a sealing material. Useful paragraphs :::: system can be included, and ⑽η type represents ㈣ I 甲 —: two are multi-block copolymers, of which Series A is styrene and isoprene: ethylene 1, ethylene, propylene, or original borneol; B is butadiene, ethylene, ethylene, and A and B cannot be the same-Chemistry: Medium = oxygen Or sulfide propylene; f…. Representative copolymers can be included:! 子 (; '乙 V :, preferably green)' poly (styrene) 4 dagger "Ben Yi fine -b- 丁二 绿 ~ b-isoprene-b-di-: styrene-phenylene), poly (styrene / butyl lb-, poly (styrene-b-ethylene styrene), poly (J-poly (styrene-dimethyl Siloxane-Methyl Styrene Diluted), poly (polyvinylbenzyl-b-α-fluorenylstyrene), propylene sulfide-b-α-methylstyrene), 19-200540545 or poly (Οί-methylstyrene_b a Difluorinated siloxane-b_a-methylbenzene). Additives such as silica particles and surfactants can be used to improve film integrity and coating quality.. Dielectric solvents exhibiting the desired density and solubility, Different from acrylic monomers and oligomers, its preferred family is _hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Surfactants can be used to improve the interface between the electrophoretic fluid and the sealing material Adhesive and water vapor. Useful surfactants include FC surfactants from 3M Company, Zonyl / Surface Surfactants from Dupont, acrylic acid vinegar, gasified methyl acrylic Acid esters, fluorine-substituted long-chain alcohols, perfluoro-substituted long-chain polyacids and derivatives thereof. In addition, if the sealing composition is at least partially immiscible with the dielectric solvent, the electrophoretic fluid and the sealing composition may be sequentially applied to the microcup. Therefore, the sealing of the micro-cup can be completed by coating a thin layer on the surface of the electrophoretic fluid by sealing a layer of money (which can be cured by light, heat, history, or interface reaction: curing). Interfacial cohesion for UV curing is extremely beneficial for this sealing method. With the boundary layer ...: The electrophoretic layer and the second δ are significantly suppressed. Then, the top seal is completed by =;!: Step (preferably by νν light shot). In order to further increase the degree of weight ', the specific gravity of the outer coating is not greater than the weight of the electrophoretic fluid. What people want. Volatile organic solvents can adjust the viscosity of the protective layer to be thicker, the ... Du Volatile solvents are used in and are not miscible with the dielectric solvent. The two-step protective film method of 20-200540545 is particularly useful when the toner used in electrophoresis is at least partially soluble in the sealing composition.

Jv•夕色電泳顯示器的製備 该方法係在多重步驟當 敘述。該方法包含m 同圖2a-2c中所 3 了在一個個別的步驟當中 的著色劑溶液或分散液、 、 ^須色 言，該方法係由至少-個牛跡& * u而 、二、 步驟所構成（i )利用著色南丨、、六 液或分散液，以圖幸方式 ^^Preparation of Jv · Eisetsu Electrophoretic Display This method is described in multiple steps. This method contains the same as the toner solution or dispersion in a separate step, as shown in Figures 2a-2c. The method consists of at least one trace & The composition of step (i) uses colored south, six liquid, or dispersion liquid in a pictorial manner ^^

必要的話，將該著色劑溶液或 有 發，當其不同於電泳产體〜 的戟體溶劑蒸 時.以及二…體當中之介電溶劑或溶劑混合物 ::及（11)以圖案方式或以非圖案方式，將一種包括 二溶劑或溶劑混合物中之帶電荷染料粒子的電泳 :二填充至該微型杯當中。在一具體態樣中 疋在步驟（⑴之前進行。在另—個具體態樣當中，步^ (11)是在步驟m之前進行'然而，較佳的情形下γ 步驟（1)要在步驟（ii)之前進行。 以圖案方式填充該著色劑溶液或分散液，可以多種方 式完成。舉例而言’可以使用精確取代技術，諸如喷墨印 :以及有機氣相沉積。可以將不同顏色的著色劑溶液或分 散液直接印刷在該微型杯之中。適當的印刷方法可包括（但 ，不偈限於）快乾印刷（flex。printlng)、光石印刷;· 無水平印（driographic或waterless)、凹版印刷、網 版印刷、熱印刷、雷射剝落轉換印刷（丨⑽叶abhtive transfer printing)、剝離塗佈、及其相似者。如果使 用的是噴墨㈣，就可以使用具有多重喷嘴之噴墨印刷機 21 •200540545 頭’來將不同顏色之著色劑溶液或分散液，同時或依序運 送至預先決定之區域裡的微型杯當中。 如圖2a當中所顯示，著色劑溶液或分散液（21 )被填 充至不同區域裡的微型杯（2〇 )當中。該區域是預先決定 的。舉例而言，在特定區域當中，可以利用一種顏色之著 色劑溶液或分散液來填充該微型杯，而在另一個區域當 中’則可以使用另外一種顏色之著色劑溶液或分散液來填 充該微型杯。 該微型杯可以形成在一個電極板（28 )上，而在該電 極板與該微型杯之間可以有一層底漆層（未顯示）。 以圖案方式填充該著色劑溶液或分散液，可以多種方 式完成。舉例而言，可以將不同顏色的著色劑溶液或分散 液直接填充至不同區域裡之該微型杯中。If necessary, the colorant solution may have a hair when it is different from the electrophoretic product ~, the solvent of the halberd body is steamed. And the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the two body :: and (11) in a pattern or using In a non-patterned manner, an electrophoresis including two charged dye particles in a solvent or a solvent mixture is filled into the microcup. In a specific aspect, 疋 is performed before step (⑴). In another specific aspect, step ^ (11) is performed before step m '. However, in the preferred case, step (1) is performed before step (Ii) before. Filling the colorant solution or dispersion in a pattern can be done in a variety of ways. For example, 'accurate substitution techniques such as inkjet printing and organic vapor deposition can be used. Different colors can be colored The agent solution or dispersion is printed directly into the microcup. Suitable printing methods may include (but not limited to) flex. Printlng, light stone printing; · driographic or waterless, gravure Printing, screen printing, thermal printing, laser abhtive transfer printing, peel coating, and the like. If inkjet printing is used, inkjet printing with multiple nozzles can be used Machine 21 • 200540545 head 'to send different color toner solutions or dispersions simultaneously or sequentially to the micro cups in a predetermined area. As shown in Figure 2a The colorant solution or dispersion (21) is filled into the microcups (20) in different areas. The area is predetermined. For example, in a specific area, a coloring agent solution or dispersion can be used Liquid to fill the microcup, while in another area 'the microcup can be filled with a toner solution or dispersion of another color. The microcup can be formed on an electrode plate (28), and There can be a primer layer (not shown) between the electrode plate and the microcup. Filling the colorant solution or dispersion in a pattern can be done in a variety of ways. For example, different color toner solutions can be dispersed or dispersed The liquid is directly filled into the microcup in different areas.

另外，以圖案方式填充該不同顏色之著色劑溶液或分 散液，至該微型杯當中，可以藉由一種相似於以下之共同 繫屬案中所揭示的方法來加以執行：纟2000年3月3日 提出申請之美國序號第〇9/ 518,488豸。舉例而言，該方 可乂已括利用-正加工光阻劑，將所有的微型杯加以層 口或塗佈’接著再於_預先決定的區域裡，將該正加工光 阻劑進行影像曝光，以開啟該微型杯，然後再利用第一顏 色之著色劑溶液或分散液，藉由（例如）t墨印刷將填充 ，經開啟的微型杯。可以利用不同顏色之著色劑溶液或分 政液’重複進行這些步驟，來將不同區域裡之微型杯加以 填充。在此例子當中，所有經填充之微型#，可以藉由單 22 -200540545 次運作的方式加以頂部密 一步驟或二步驟的密封方法， 封，如章節π I中所敘述。 另-種利用不同顏色之著色劑溶液或分散 該微型杯的方法，係相似於在以 木一充 一 七、+ ^ 之/、同繫屬案當中所揭 不的方法··在2002年10月30日提出申 /?RA RSfi ^ 明之吴國序唬弟1〇 /⑽，以及在美國專利案第6 545,797號以上 一件申請案内容均完整併人於此作為參考資料。簡言之， 該方法可包含先利用一種填充物 具兄物柯料术填兄所有的微型 杯；利用-正加工光阻劑來將該經填充之微型杯加以塗 佈’在-預先決定之區域當中將該經關閉的微型杯開啟， 然後：該填充物材料從該經開啟之微型杯中移除，然後再 利用第-顏色之著色劑溶液或分散液，經該經開啟之微型 杯加以填充。可以利用不同顏色之著色劑溶液或分散液， 重複進行這些步驟，來將不同區域裡之微型杯加以填充。 在此例子田中’所有經填充之微型杯，可以藉由單一步驟 或二步驟的密封方法，一次運作的方式加以頂部密封，如 章節III中所敘述。 ,藉由將顏料或染料溶解或分散於一載體溶劑當中，來 製備該著色劑溶液或分散液。 ^在一個具體態樣之中，該載體溶劑可以是一種介電溶 劑或溶劑混合物，如章節η中所敘述。在此例子當中， 該著色劑必須是可溶於或可分散於該介電溶劑或溶劑混合 物之中。忒介電溶劑或溶劑混合物可以是相同於、或者是 不同於該電泳流體中的介電溶劑或溶劑混合物。 23 •200540545 在另一個具體態樣當中，該載體溶劑可為普遍常見的 溶劑或溶劑混合物，特別是普遍常見之有機溶劑或溶劑混 合物。適當常見的有機溶劑，可包括（但是不侷限於）碳 氫化物、烷基酮類、烷基酯類、醇類、醚類、水及其混合 物。如果使用#見的有機溶劑來做為該載體溶劑，該著色 劑較佳還是可溶解或可分散於該電泳流體中之介電溶劑或 溶劑混合物中。 如果係使用噴墨印刷，該著色劑溶液或分散液，根據 本發明’較佳係具有大約14至大約50 dyne/ cm之範圍 的表面張力’更佳為大約1 6至大約45 dyne/ cm之範圍。 用於g亥著色劑溶液或分散液之載體溶劑，較佳為可揮 發性的，使其可以輕易地移除。 在該著色劑溶液或分散液中的顏料或染料，可以是任 何的顏色，而較佳為熱穩定和光化學穩定。該顏料或染料 車父佳為可溶解於該載體溶劑之中。 對於噴墨印刷，如果不是完全溶解的話，該載體溶劑 中之顏料或染料的粒子尺寸’較佳係少於1微米，更佳為 小於0 · 1微米。 可以使用一種界面活性劑或分散劑，來穩定該載體溶 劑中的顏料或染料。同樣可以使用一種黏度改性劑，來精 嫁調整該著色劑溶液或分散液之流變性。該界面活性劑、 分散劑、或黏度改性劑，如果是使用在該著色劑溶液或分 散液中’就應該不會與該最終電泳流體之電泳特性抵觸。 如果使用在該著色劑溶液或分散液當中之界面活性劑、或 24 -200540545 分散劑，對電泳特徵具有不利的影響，則短效界面活性劑、 或刀政；=ι]就4寸別有用’諸如gurfyn〇i⑧界面活性劑（來自 於 Air Product)。 在一個具體態樣當中，該著色劑溶液或分散液可以是 不同顏色的。 在另一個具體態樣之中，該著色劑溶液或分散液可以 具有相同的顏料或染料，但是具有不同的光學密度或濃 度如此以使得相同的顏色可以有不同的陰影。因此，在 本案《兒月曰田中的術語「不同顏色」，同樣應該包括「相 同顏色之不同陰影」。 雖然不是很必要，但是在較佳的情形下，在該著色劑 溶液或分散液被填充至該微型杯之後，但是在該帶電荷染 料粒子被‘入以前，係將劑溶液或分散液當中之載體溶劑 移：。移除該載體溶劑可以藉由（例如）&、或氣流來加 以凡成。圖2b係顯示只有經乾燥的顏料或染料保留在該 微型杯之中。 如圖2c中所顯示，該帶電荷染料（諸如Ti〇2或者是 含有Ti〇2)微粒的導入，係藉由以非圖案方式將一種電2 /爪版（22 )填充至已經用著色劑填充的微型杯之中而6成 該電泳流體（22)包括分散在介電溶劑或溶劑混合二’ 中之帶電荷染料粒子（23 )。 ㈠ 電泳流體的填充同樣可以圖案方式，藉由以下共同 屬案當中所敘述的方法來完成··在2000年3月3日提出 申凊之吳國序號第〇9/518，號、以及美國專利案第 25 •200540545 件申晴案内容均完整併入於此作為 6, 545, 797 號，以上 參考資料。 該帶電荷染料粒子 或溶劑混合物則較佳為清同的顏色’而該介電溶劑 以相同組成之電泳無色的。所有的微型杯均可 私冰机體來加以填充。 較佳之介電溶劑， 節II中所敘述之介電^ (但是不偈限於）那些在章 t ^ ^ - Τί 合"1移除著色劑溶液或分散液當 f的戟體〉谷劑，较伟阜+ 心佳疋在導入電泳流體以前，甚至如果該 載體洛劑會妨礙之後的頂 的。 丨山封方法的話，也會是有必要 該經填充之微型杯的頂邱 7頁邛饴封，可以藉由章節111中 所敘述之方法而完成。舉 ^ ^ ^ 牛1夕J而& ，该畨封可以在將該電泳 々"真充至微型杯（已經以著色劑預先填充）以前，藉由 添加-種密封組成物至該電泳流體之中而完成。然後，在 :手在士面之密封層（25)飄向該電泳流體之頂部期間或之 後’精由將其固化’來密封該經填充之微型杯。可以使用 熱或輻射，諸如UV、可見光、IR、以 ^ M汉冤千朿，來固化該 挽封組成物，以將該經填充之微型杯加以密封。另外，還 可以在該電泳流體填充至其中之後，藉由將一密封組成物 塗佈於該電泳流體上，來完成該密封。該密封層（25 )同 樣可以藉由輻射、#、濕氣、或者是界面反應’將該密封 組成物進行固化而形成。在這些方法當中所使用之該密封 組成物，較佳係具有不大於該電泳流體的比重，並且較俨 是與該電泳流體不互溶。在本發明的方法當中，所有妒填 26 -200540545 充之微型杯，均可在一次運轉當中進行密封（圖2d)，即 使該微型杯最後是以不同顏色之電泳流體來加以填充。 如果步驟（Μ )是在步驟（i)之前進行的話，該密封 就會與該著色劑溶液或分散液的填充同時或者是在其後進 行。在此例子當中，該密封組成物較佳係具有不高於該著 色劑溶液或分散液的比重。該密封組成物亦較佳與該該著 色劑溶液或分散液不互溶。 在該微型杯被填充且頂部密封之後，該經密封之微型 杯可以利用一電極板（26)來加以層合，選擇性地以一層 黏著劑層（27)來加以預先塗佈。該黏著劑可以是一種‘ 感黏著劑、熱《著劑、熱、濕氣、或者是輻射可固化黏 著劑。 V·製備一種電泳顯示器 流體所填充的微型杯 其包括由不同特徵之電泳In addition, filling the toner solution or dispersion of different colors into the miniature cup in a pattern manner can be performed by a method similar to that disclosed in the common family case below: March 3, 2000 U.S. Serial No. 09 / 518,488 filed on the filing date. For example, the party can include the use of-positive processing photoresist, layering or coating all the micro cups, and then in the predetermined area, image exposure of this positive processing photoresist To open the microcup, and then use the toner solution or dispersion of the first color to fill it by, for example, t-ink printing, and open the microcup. These steps can be repeated with different color toner solutions or partition fluids' to fill the microcups in different areas. In this example, all the filled micro #s can be top-sealed by a single 22-200540545 operation with one-step or two-step sealing method, as described in Section π I. Another-a method of using different color toner solutions or dispersing the miniature cup, is similar to the method uncovered in the case of using a wooden charge, seventeen, + ^ /, the same genus case ... · October 10, 2002 The application filed on March 30 /? RA RSfi ^ Ming Wu Guoxu blame his brother 10 / ⑽, and the above application in the US Patent No. 6 545,797 are complete and hereby incorporated by reference. In short, the method may include filling all microcups with a filling material, and using a processing photoresist to coat the filled microcups. In-predetermined The closed microcup is opened in the area, and then: the filler material is removed from the opened microcup, and then the first-color toner solution or dispersion is used to apply the opened microcup filling. You can use different color toner solutions or dispersions to repeat these steps to fill the microcups in different areas. In this example Tanaka ’s all filled microcups can be top-sealed by a single-step or two-step sealing method, as described in Section III. The colorant solution or dispersion is prepared by dissolving or dispersing a pigment or a dye in a carrier solvent. ^ In a specific aspect, the carrier solvent may be a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture, as described in section η. In this example, the colorant must be soluble or dispersible in the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture.忒 The dielectric solvent or solvent mixture may be the same as or different from the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrophoretic fluid. 23 • 200540545 In another specific aspect, the carrier solvent may be a common solvent or a solvent mixture, especially a common organic solvent or a solvent mixture. Suitable common organic solvents may include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbons, alkyl ketones, alkyl esters, alcohols, ethers, water, and mixtures thereof. If organic solvents are used as the carrier solvent, the colorant is preferably still soluble or dispersible in a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture in the electrophoretic fluid. If inkjet printing is used, the colorant solution or dispersion according to the present invention 'preferably has a surface tension in the range of about 14 to about 50 dyne / cm', more preferably about 16 to about 45 dyne / cm. range. The carrier solvent used for the ghai colorant solution or dispersion is preferably volatile so that it can be easily removed. The pigment or dye in the colorant solution or dispersion may be any color, and is preferably thermally and photochemically stable. The pigment or dye Chevrolet is soluble in the carrier solvent. For inkjet printing, the particle size of the pigment or dye in the carrier solvent is preferably less than 1 micron, and more preferably less than 0.1 micron, if it is not completely dissolved. A surfactant or dispersant may be used to stabilize the pigment or dye in the carrier solvent. A viscosity modifier can also be used to finely adjust the rheology of the colorant solution or dispersion. If the surfactant, dispersant, or viscosity modifier is used in the colorant solution or dispersion solution, it should not conflict with the electrophoretic characteristics of the final electrophoretic fluid. If the surfactant used in the colorant solution or dispersion, or 24-200540545 dispersant, has an adverse effect on the electrophoretic characteristics, the short-acting surfactant, or knife; = 4] is not useful 'Such as gurfynoi' surfactant (from Air Product). In a specific aspect, the colorant solution or dispersion may be of different colors. In another specific aspect, the colorant solution or dispersion may have the same pigment or dye, but have different optical densities or concentrations so that the same color may have different shades. Therefore, in this case, the term "different colors" in Tanaka, Tanaka should also include "different shades of the same color". Although it is not necessary, in the best case, after the colorant solution or dispersion is filled into the microcup, before the charged dye particles are 'infused', the Carrier solvent shift :. Removal of the carrier solvent can be accomplished by, for example, & or air flow. Figure 2b shows that only the dried pigment or dye remains in the microcup. As shown in Figure 2c, the introduction of the particles of the charged dye (such as Ti〇2 or containing Ti〇2) is achieved by filling an electric 2 / claw plate (22) in a non-patterned manner to the colorant Among the filled microcups, 60% of the electrophoretic fluid (22) includes charged dye particles (23) dispersed in a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture.填充 The filling of the electrophoretic fluid can also be done in a patterned manner by the methods described in the common case below ... Submitted on March 3, 2000, Wu Guo No. 09/518, and US patents Case No. 25 • 200540545 The contents of the Shen Qing case are fully incorporated here as No. 6,545, 797, the above reference materials. The charged dye particles or the solvent mixture are preferably of the same color 'and the dielectric solvent is electrophoretic and colorless with the same composition. All miniature cups can be filled with ice cubes. The preferred dielectric solvents are those described in Section II ^ (but not limited to) those described in Chapter t ^^-Τί " 1 Remove the colorant solution or dispersion as the halberd of f> cereals, Before the introduction of electrophoretic fluid, Weiweifu + Xinjiayu even interfered with the subsequent top-up if the carrier was used.丨 The mountain seal method is also necessary. The top 7 pages of the filled micro-cup seal can be completed by the method described in section 111. For example ^ ^ ^ 牛 1 夕 J and & The seal can be added to the electrophoretic fluid by adding a sealing composition to the electrophoretic fluid before the electrophoresis is actually filled into the microcup (pre-filled with colorant). To complete. Then, the filled microcup is sealed during or after the sealant layer (25) on the taxi surface floats on top of the electrophoretic fluid, and then is 'cured'. Heat or radiation, such as UV, visible light, IR, may be used to cure the sealant composition to seal the filled microcup. In addition, after the electrophoretic fluid is filled therein, the sealing can be completed by applying a sealing composition to the electrophoretic fluid. The sealing layer (25) can also be formed by curing the sealing composition by radiation, #, moisture, or interface reaction. The sealing composition used in these methods preferably has a specific gravity not greater than that of the electrophoretic fluid and is more immiscible with the electrophoretic fluid. In the method of the present invention, all the micro-cups filled with jealous filling 26-200540545 can be sealed in one operation (Fig. 2d), even if the micro-cups are finally filled with electrophoretic fluid of different colors. If step (M) is performed before step (i), the sealing is performed at the same time as or after the filling of the colorant solution or dispersion. In this example, the sealing composition preferably has a specific gravity not higher than that of the toner solution or dispersion. The sealing composition is also preferably immiscible with the toner solution or dispersion. After the microcup is filled and the top is sealed, the sealed microcup can be laminated using an electrode plate (26), and optionally pre-coated with an adhesive layer (27). The adhesive can be a ‘adhesive, heat, adhesive, heat, moisture, or radiation-curable adhesive. V · Preparing an electrophoretic display The micro-cup filled with fluid includes electrophoresis with different characteristics

電泳顯示器，其包括由不同特徵之電泳流體所填充的 微型杯，諸如切換速率、底限電壓、Y(ga_a)及 除電魔⑴·lng VOItage) ’其製造方式可以藉由（二 首先以圖案方式，藉由（例如）邊 例如）贺墨印刷將添加劑溶液或 为月文液填充至微型杯中，接#久 " 叔供各種不同的特徵；之 再以圖案方式、或以非圖宰方 F 口茶方式，添加一種包括電 至微型杯之中，該電泳流體 ^ 合物當中之帶電荷染料（例如 一"]"" 料）微粒。此二步驟（i )盥 ^ /色木 執行》 一（H)可以相反順序的方式 27 -200540545 該微塑杯可以形成於-電極板上，而在該電極板和該 微型杯之間可以有一層底漆層。 該以圖案方式藉由（例如）嗜蓴 U彡贺墨印刷填充該添加劑溶 液或分散液，可以任何一種在以上敛述以圖案方式填充著 色劑溶液或分散液之段落lvt中，所敘述的方法來進行。 該添加劑溶液或分勒潘在Μ & ^ & 飞刀政/夜係稭由將一種添加劑溶解或分 散至一載體溶劑中。如果使用的县 不從用的疋賀墨印刷，該載體 應該要與該噴墨方法和所使用之印矣 丨災用您即表機頭相容。對本發明 有用的添加劑可包括（但是不侷限於）界面活性劑、保護 性膠體、聚合物、黏度改性劑、電荷控制劑、穩定劑、抗 氧化劑、營光材料、填充物、以及填充物微粒。 有用的添加劑的具體實例可包括（但是不侷限於）那 些在以下共同繫屬案當中所揭示的添加劑：在2002年12 月日提出申請之美國序號第1〇/ 335 21 〇號、在謂 年12月31曰提出申請之美國序號第1 0/ 335, 051號、在 2003年7月30日提出中請之美國序號第10/ 632，⑺號、 在2003年10月9曰由上主> g 挺出申Μ之美國序號第！〇/683,869 5虎、在2003年1〇月1 + 月W曰k出申請之美國序號第1〇/ 686, 501 在2004年1〇月27曰提出申請之美國序號第 1 0/ 976, 1 52唬、以及在2〇〇4年1〇月27曰提出申請之美 國序號第1〇/ 976, 2…虎，以上所有的申請案内容均完 整併入於此作為參考資料。 在一具體態樣當中，該載體溶劑可以是一種介電溶劑 或溶劑混合物’如以上之段落u當中所敎述。在此例子 28 ^ 200540545 田中，忒添加劑必須要可溶或可分散於該介電溶劑或溶劑 混合物之中，或者是吸收於該帶電荷染料粒子之至少一種 上。該載體溶劑可以是相同或不同於稍後將被填充之電泳 流體當中的介電溶劑或溶劑混合物。Electrophoretic display, which includes miniature cups filled with electrophoretic fluid with different characteristics, such as switching rate, threshold voltage, Y (ga_a) and static elimination magic lng VOItage) 'The manufacturing method can be achieved by (two first in a patterned manner , By (for example) edge ink printing to fill the additive solution or moon liquid into the micro cup, then # Jiu " uncle for a variety of different characteristics; and then in a pattern, or non-graphic F The method of mouth tea, adding a kind of charged dye (such as a "] " " material) included in the electrophoretic fluid to the microcup. The two steps (i) and ^ (color wood) are performed. One (H) can be performed in the reverse order. 27 -200540545 The microplastic cup can be formed on the -electrode plate, and there can be between the electrode plate and the microcup. A primer layer. The pattern is filled with the additive solution or dispersion by, for example, snorkeling U 彡 he ink printing, and may be any one of the methods described in the paragraph ltv described above in the pattern filling of the colorant solution or dispersion in a pattern. Come on. The additive solution or dextrepan is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier solvent by M & ^ & Feidao / night system straw. If the prefecture's ink is not used, the carrier should be compatible with the inkjet method and the seal used. 丨 Disaster-use watch head. Additives useful for the present invention may include, but are not limited to, surfactants, protective colloids, polymers, viscosity modifiers, charge control agents, stabilizers, antioxidants, light-emitting materials, fillers, and filler particles . Specific examples of useful additives may include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in the following common family cases: US Serial No. 10/335 21 0, filed on December 2002, US Serial No. 10/335, 051, filed on December 31, US Serial No. 10/632, ⑺, filed on July 30, 2003, filed by the Lord on October 9, 2003 > g come out of the US serial number of Shen M! 〇 / 683,869 5 Tiger, U.S. Serial No. 10 / 686,501 filed on October 1 + October 2003, U.S. No. 10/976, 1 filed on October 27, 2004 52, and the US serial number 10/976, 2 ... tiger filed on October 27, 2004. All the above application contents are fully incorporated herein as reference materials. In a specific aspect, the carrier solvent may be a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture 'as described in paragraph u above. In this example 28 ^ 200540545 Tanaka, the rhenium additive must be soluble or dispersible in the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture, or be absorbed on at least one of the charged dye particles. The carrier solvent may be the same as or different from the dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrophoretic fluid to be filled later.

…在另一個具體悲樣當中，該載體溶劑可以是一種普遍 常見的溶劑或溶劑混合物’特別是一種普遍常見之有機溶 劑或洛劑混合物。適當之普遍常見的有機溶劑或溶劑混合 物可包括（但疋不侷限於）石炭氣化物、烧基酉同類、炫基 賴、醇類、㈣、水及其混合物。如果使用常見的有機 /合d來做為忒載體洛劑，該添加劑較佳還是可溶解或可分 散於稍後會被填充之該電泳流體中的介電溶劑或溶劑混合 物裡。 »亥添加劑洛液或分散液’較佳係具有錢落於大約η 至大約50 dyne//cm間的表面張力，更佳為落於大約16 至大約45 dyne/cm範圍之間。 • 1亥載體溶劑同樣較佳係屬於可揮發性的，使得其可以 輕易地被移除。 °亥外加劑杈佳係為熱和光化學穩定性的，並且較佳係 :溶於該載體溶劑當中。如果沒有完全溶解㈣，該載體 /谷劑中之添加劑的料^ d的U粒尺寸，較佳係小於丨微米，更佳係 :於0.1微米。該添加劑溶液或分散液中之添加劑的濃度，、 疋可二皮調整的，其係取決於特定需求上。 、、”二使用一種界面活性劑、或分散劑，來穩定該載體 /谷角1]备中之添加劑料丰 。同樣可以使用一種黏度改性劑， 29 • 200540545 來精確調整該著色劑溶液或分散液之流變性。該界面活性 劑、分散劑、或黏度改性劑，如果是使用在該著色劑溶液 或分散液中，就應該不會與該最終電泳流體之電泳特性抵 觸。如果使用在該著色劑溶液或分散液當中之界面活性 劑、或分散劑，對電泳特徵具有不利的影響，則短效界面 活性劑、或分散劑就特別有用，諸如Surfynol®界面活性 劑（來自於 Air Product)。 可選擇地，該添加劑溶液或分散液之載體溶劑，可以 在之後填充該電泳流體的步驟以前加以完全乾燥。 V入e亥電冰^體’可以圖案方式、或以非圖案方式的 填充來完成，如以上之段落IV中所敘述。在此例子當中， 該電泳流體可以是彩色的。… In another specific aspect, the carrier solvent may be a commonly used solvent or solvent mixture ’, especially a commonly used organic solvent or lotion mixture. Suitable generally common organic solvents or solvent mixtures may include, but are not limited to, charcoal gaseous compounds, sulphur-based compounds, hydrazones, alcohols, rhenium, water, and mixtures thereof. If a common organic compound is used as the tritium carrier, the additive is preferably soluble or dispersible in a dielectric solvent or solvent mixture in the electrophoretic fluid which will be filled later. It is preferred that the additive additive liquid or dispersion liquid has a surface tension falling between about η and about 50 dyne // cm, and more preferably between about 16 and about 45 dyne / cm. • The 1H carrier solvent is also preferably volatile so that it can be easily removed. ° The admixture is preferably thermally and photochemically stable, and is preferably soluble in the carrier solvent. If the plutonium is not completely dissolved, the U particle size of the additive material in the carrier / cereal is preferably less than 1 μm, and more preferably 0.1 μm. The concentration of the additives in the additive solution or dispersion can be adjusted in two skins, which depends on the specific requirements. "," "Use a surfactant or dispersant to stabilize the carrier / corner 1] Additives in the preparation. It is also possible to use a viscosity modifier, 29 • 200540545 to precisely adjust the colorant solution or The rheology of the dispersion. If the surfactant, dispersant, or viscosity modifier is used in the colorant solution or dispersion, it should not conflict with the electrophoretic characteristics of the final electrophoretic fluid. If used in The surfactant or dispersant in the colorant solution or dispersion has an adverse effect on the electrophoretic characteristics. Short-acting surfactants or dispersants are particularly useful, such as Surfynol® surfactants (from Air Product ). Alternatively, the carrier solution of the additive solution or dispersion can be completely dried before the step of filling the electrophoretic fluid afterwards. V 入 e 海 电 冰 ^ 体 'can be filled in a pattern or non-pattern This is done as described in paragraph IV above. In this example, the electrophoretic fluid may be colored.

然後將该經填充之微型杯，利用本申請案中所敘述之 密封方法中的一種，來加以頂部密封（例如，段落丨丨丨和 段落IV)。如果步驟（U )是在步驟（υ之前進行的話， 該密封就會與該著色劑溶液或分散液的填充同時或者是在 其後進灯。在此例子當中，該密封組成物較佳係具有不高 於該著色劑溶液或分散液的比重。該密封組成物亦較佳與 該該著色劑溶液或分散液不互溶。 、 在该彳鼓型杯被填充且了Μ t > μ 具兄且頂部猞封之後，該經密封之微型 杯可以利用-電極板來加以層合，選擇性地以一層 層來加以預先㈣。該㈣财以是-種壓感黏著劑、1 熔黏著劑、熱、濕氣、或去Η击 … 札 ^者疋輻射可固化黏著劑。 VI·區段電泳顯示器的製備 30 -200540545 在 £ 4又電泳顯示器當中， 1、，、士八~ 田甲迅冰頭不器'之顯示器面板 可以被分軎丨j成數個區段，各 , 母個區段居具有二色系統。舉例 而吕，该顯示器面板之第一 & &具有紅/白色的組合，第 二區段具有藍/白色 乐 冰 、、先而弟二Q段具有綠/白色系 統0 §亥區段可以是任何形狀或尺寸。在-具體 該區段可以是條紋形狀。 種$式之區&顯不器，對於A的電子訊號和電路板 夂J #用圖3係顯不由此種區段顯示器所製備而成的價 :° =鐵。在區域3a當中，該文字和背景可具有紅… 而在區域3b當中，該文字和背景可具有藍/白色 組合。The filled microcup is then top-sealed using one of the sealing methods described in this application (eg, paragraphs 丨 丨 丨 and paragraph IV). If step (U) is performed before step (υ), the sealing is carried out at the same time as or after the filling of the colorant solution or dispersion. In this example, the sealing composition preferably has Higher than the specific gravity of the colorant solution or dispersion. The sealing composition is also preferably immiscible with the colorant solution or dispersion., The cymbal drum is filled with M t > μ After the top is sealed, the sealed microcup can be laminated with-electrode plates, and optionally pre-laminated in layers. The property is a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a melt adhesive, heat , Moisture, or thumping ... Zha 疋 疋 radiation curable adhesive. Preparation of VI · segment electrophoretic display 30 -200540545 Among the £ 4 electrophoretic display, 1 ,, Shiba ~ Tian Jiaxun ice head device The display panel can be divided into several sections, each of which has a two-color system. For example, the first & & Section has blue / white Le Bing, first The second Q segment has a green / white system. 0 The HAI section can be of any shape or size. In particular, the section can be a stripe shape. This type of area & display device, for A's electronic signals and circuits板 夂 J # Use Figure 3 to show the price not prepared by this segment display: ° = iron. In area 3a, the text and background can have red ... and in area 3b, the text and background can be With blue / white combination.

二又真充可以在以上之段落1 v當中所敘述的二步驟 :行。㉟句話說’係將不同顏色之著色劑溶液或分散液 -帶電荷染料粒子’以二個分開的步驟填充至該微型杯當 t以上奴落1 v中所敘述。然而，由於該顯示器係為 :種區段顯示器、’因此該填充就必須要包含將該微型杯遮 ㈣及選擇性開啟。反而是單—顏色之著色劑溶液或分散 液，可以被填充至—整個區段當中。 ^沈區奴填充而言，同樣可以使用替代之高生產率方法， 士 k佈和超音速噴霧，以低成本來加速製造大 號和電路板的製造方法。 于成 、一種具有不同電泳特徵之區段的電泳顯示器，同樣可 、據以上）又洛V之方法，以相似的方式來加以製備。 31 • 200540545 藉由本發明之方法所製造而成之顯示器的厚度，可以 如同一張紙一般薄。該顯示器之寬度係為該塗佈腹板的寬 度（典型地為390英吋）。該顯示器之長度可以是數英吋 至數千英叹，其係取決於該滾輪的尺寸。The second true charge can be described in the two steps in paragraph 1 v above: OK. In other words, it is described in "coloring solution or dispersion of different colors-charged dye particles" in two separate steps into the microcup when t is more than 1 v. However, since the display is a segment display, the filling must include shielding and selective opening of the microcup. Instead, a single-color toner solution or dispersion can be filled into-the entire section. ^ In terms of sinking slaves, you can also use alternative high-productivity methods, such as k-cloth and supersonic spray, to accelerate the manufacturing of large and circuit boards at low cost. Yu Cheng, an electrophoretic display with segments with different electrophoretic characteristics, can also be prepared according to the above method) and also in a similar manner. 31 • 200540545 The thickness of a display manufactured by the method of the present invention can be as thin as a sheet of paper. The width of the display is the width of the coated web (typically 390 inches). The length of the display can be from several inches to thousands of sighs, depending on the size of the scroll wheel.

>雖然本發明已參考其特定具體態樣而被㊣日月，但應為 熟習本技藝之人士所瞭解地是，在不背離本發明之精神與 範轉的狀況下，可做各種改變並可以相當物取代。此外， 可做許多的改良，而將一特定的情況、材料、組成、方法、 方法步驟或諸步驟適用於本發明…、精神與範缚。所 有的該改良希冀落於所时請專利範圍的範嘴中。 【圖式簡單說明】 ^ 圖1係為本發明之電泳顯示器的圖式說明。 :2卜2“系說明一種製造多色電泳顯示器的方法。 籤/ 3係顯示由區段電泳顯示器所製備而成的價格襟 【主要元件符號說明】·· 1〇·電極板 11·電極板 12·微型杯 1 3 ·聚合物密封層 2 〇 ·微型杯 21 ·著色劑溶液或分散液 2 2.電泳流體 2 3·帶電荷染料粒子 32 200540545 2 4 ·介電溶劑或溶劑混合物 2 5 ·浮在表面之密封層 2 6 ·電極板 2 7 ·黏著劑層 2 8 ·電極板> Although the present invention has been described with reference to its specific specific aspects, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Can be substituted. In addition, many improvements can be made, and a specific situation, material, composition, method, method step or steps can be applied to the present invention ..., spirit and scope. All such improvements are expected to fall into the scope of patents that were requested at the time. [Brief description of the drawings] ^ FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an electrophoretic display of the present invention. : 2 2 2 "Describes a method for manufacturing a multi-color electrophoretic display. Sign / 3 shows the price card prepared by the segment electrophoretic display [Description of the main component symbols] · · 10 · electrode plate 11 · electrode plate 12 · Microcup 1 3 · Polymer sealing layer 2 〇 · Microcup 21 · Colorant solution or dispersion 2 2.Electrophoretic fluid 2 3 · Charged dye particles 32 200540545 2 4 · Dielectric solvent or solvent mixture 2 5 · Surface sealing layer 2 6 · electrode plate 2 7 · adhesive layer 2 8 · electrode plate

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Claims (1)

200540545 十、申請專利範圍： h一種用於製造電泳顯示器的方法，其包括的步驟為. /⑴利用著色劑溶液或分散液，以圖案方式，來填充 微型杯，以及 、 (i i )以圖案方式或以非m安古 非圖案方式，將一種包括分 在介電溶劑或溶劑混合物中之鹛雷 τ < π電何染枓粒子的電泳 體，填充至該微型杯當中。 2.根據申請專利範圍第1頊々七、、土 • 片之方法，其中步驟（i )是 在步驟（i i )之前進行。 3.根據申請專利範圍第2項之方半，1由# △蜩之力居，其中該以圖案方 式填充該著色劑溶液或分散液 θ益山 — 成，夜疋猎由一種印刷方法來執 行0 4·根據申請專利範圍第3項 y 不〇貝之万法，其中該印刷方法 係為噴墨印刷。 5_根據申請專利範圍第2項之方法，其中該以圖案方 式填充該著色劑溶液或分散液，包括了將一正加工光阻劑 層合或塗佈於微型杯之上，選擇性地於一預先決定之區二 :中開啟微型杯’並且利用一種預先決定之顏色的著色劑 溶液或分散液，來填充該經開啟之微型杯。 6.根據申請專利範圍第2項之方法，其中該以圖案方 式填充該著色劑溶液或分散液，包括了利用一種填充物材 料來填充微型杯，選擇性地開啟在一預先決定的區域當中 之该經填充之微型才不’從該經開啟之微型杯料該填充物 材料，並·1•利用—種預先決定之顏色的t色劑溶液或分散 34 200540545 液，來填充該經開啟之微型杯。 7·根據申請專利範圍第2項之方法，其中該著色劑溶 液或刀政液包括了溶解或分散在一載體溶劑當中之顏料或 染料。 8·根據申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中該載體溶劑 係為一種介電溶劑或溶劑混合物。 9·根據申請專利範圍第7項之方法，其中該載體溶劑 係為一種普遍常見之有機溶劑或溶劑混合物。 1 〇·根據申請專利範圍第9項之方法，其中該普遍常見 之有機洛劑或溶劑混合物，係選自於由碳氫化物、烷基酮 ^蛻基Sg類、醇類、醚類、水及其混合物所組成之群組 中。 、、、 1 ·根據申請專利範圍第7項 步驟（i i)之‘收 ...... 一 y匕括在 )之則，將顏色溶液或分散液當中之載體溶劑移 除的步驟。 移 12. 根據申請專利範圍第 液或分散液係為不同顏色。 13. 根據申請專利範圍第 液或分散液係為相同的顏色，濃度。 2項之方法1中該著色劑溶 2項之方法，其中該著色劑溶 但是具有*光學密度和 •根據申請專利範圍第2項 料粒子係為分散於—清澈且無色之< 當中的相同顏色。 其中該帶電荷染 劑或溶劑混合物 更進一步包括利 15·根據申請專利範圍第2項之方法 35 -200540545 用一種比重不大於贫帝、、 1 y 、μ电冰/瓜肢之密封組成物，來將該經填 充之微型杯進行頂部密封。 、 、_兩、用方、製仏電泳顯示器的方法，該電泳顯示器包 二不同^ ^ 4寸欲之電泳流體加以填充的微型杯，該方法 包括的步驟為： ⑴利用不同電泳特徵之添加劑溶液或分散液，以圖 木方式，來填充微型杯，以及 (ii)以圖案方式或以非圖宰 幵口系刀式，將一種包括分散 在"電溶劑或溶劑混合物中 ^ _ 物干之▼電何染料粒子的電泳流 體，填充至該微型杯當中。 其中步驟（i ) 其中該以圖案 •種印刷方法來 其中该印刷方 其中該以圖案 1 7·根據申請專利範圍第1 6項之方法 是在步驟（i i )之前進行。 18·根據申請專利範圍第17項之方法 方式填充該添加劑溶液或分散液，是藉由 執行。 19·根據申請專利範圍第18項之方法 法係為噴墨印刷。 20·根據申請專利範圍第17項之方 久 ,、 I 闽 千 方式填充該添加劑溶液或分散液’包括了將一正加工光阻 劑層合或塗佈於微型杯之上，選擇性地於一預先決定之區 域當中開啟微型杯，並且利用一種預先決定之電泳特徵的 添加劑溶液或分散液，來填充該經開啟之微型杯。 ,•根據申請專利範圍第17項之方法，其中該以圖案 方式填充該添加劑溶液或分散液’包括了利用一種填充物 36 -200540545 材料來填充微型杯，選擇性地開啟在一預先決定的區域當 中之該經填充之微型杯，從該經開啟之微型杯移除: 物材料，並且利用一種預先決定之電 ^ 、 、 免冰符政的添加劑溶液 或为散液，來填充該經開啟之微型杯。 22. 根據申請專利範圍第17項之方 L 丹平该添加劍 洛液或i Μ包括了轉或分散在—載 劑。 分剞田^之添加 23. 根據申請專利範圍第&項之方法，1 将么_絲田τ /、〒5亥添加劑 ::-種界面活性劑、保護性膠體、聚合物、黏度、 电何控制劑、穩定劑、抗氧化劑、螢光材料 μ 者是填充物微粒。 、充物、或 /4.根據申請專利範圍第22項之方法， 劑係為一種介電溶劑或溶劑混合物。 -μ 溶 25. 根據申請專利範圍第22項之方法，1中 劑係為一種普 /、中^载體溶 遍吊見的有機溶劑或溶劑混合物。 26. 根據申請專利範圍帛25項之方法 見之有機溶劑或、I # |、β人 八 M W遍常 次/合片丨U匕合物，係選自於由炭 _類、烷基酯類、8^§ u 灭虱化物、烷基 組中。 ^、醚類、水及其混合物所組成之群 根據申凊專利範圍第2 2 Jp之方、、έ: * 在步驟（π) m 更進—步包括 劑移除的步驟。引’添加劑溶液或分散液當中之載體溶 28.根據申請專利範圍 染料杈子係分散於-旁… 其中該帶電荷 、y色之”電溶劑或溶劑混合物當中。 •200540545 2 9.根據申請專利範圍第17項之方法，其更進一步包 括利用一種比重不大於該電泳流體之密封組成物，來將該 經填充之微型杯進行頂部密封。 3 0.根據申請專利範圍第2項之方法，其中該填充是在 區段中進行，而每一個該區段均具有一個二色系統。 31.根據申請專利範圍第30項之方法，其中該填充步 驟係藉由喷墨印刷來進行。200540545 10. Scope of patent application: h A method for manufacturing an electrophoretic display, comprising the steps of: / ⑴ using a colorant solution or dispersion to fill a miniature cup in a patterned manner, and (ii) patterned Alternatively, an electrophoretic body including 鹛 τ < π electro-he dye particles in a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture is filled into the microcup in a non-m angur pattern. 2. The method according to Article 17 of the patent application scope, wherein the step (i) is performed before the step (i i). 3. According to the second half of item 2 of the scope of the patent application, 1 is represented by # △ 蜩 之 力 力, where the colorant solution or dispersion θ Yishan is filled in a pattern, and the night hunting is performed by a printing method. 0 4. According to item 3 of the patent application, the printing method is inkjet printing. 5_ The method according to item 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein the step of filling the colorant solution or dispersion in a patterned manner includes laminating or coating a photoresist on a microcup, and optionally A pre-determined zone 2: open the micro-cup and fill the opened micro-cup with a predetermined color toner solution or dispersion. 6. The method according to item 2 of the scope of patent application, wherein the pattern-filling the colorant solution or dispersion comprises filling a miniature cup with a filler material and selectively opening a predetermined area The filled micro can't fill the filling material from the opened micro cup, and use a predetermined color t toner solution or disperse 34 200540545 liquid to fill the opened micro cup. 7. The method according to item 2 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the colorant solution or knife solution comprises a pigment or dye dissolved or dispersed in a carrier solvent. 8. The method according to item 7 of the application, wherein the carrier solvent is a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture. 9. The method according to item 7 of the application, wherein the carrier solvent is a common organic solvent or solvent mixture. 10. The method according to item 9 of the scope of the patent application, wherein the commonly-used organic lotion or solvent mixture is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, alkyl ketones, decyl Sgs, alcohols, ethers, and water. And their mixtures. ,,, 1 · The step of removing the carrier solvent in the color solution or dispersion according to the steps of (i i) in step 7 (i i) of the scope of the patent application. Shift 12. The liquid or dispersion is different colors according to the scope of the patent application. 13. According to the scope of the patent application, the liquid or dispersion is the same color and concentration. Method 2 of item 2 The method of item 2 in which the colorant is dissolved, but the colorant is soluble but has the * optical density and • According to the scope of the patent application, the material of the second item is dispersed in-clear and colorless of the same colour. Wherein, the charged dye or solvent mixture further includes a method according to item 2 of the scope of patent application 35 -200540545, which uses a sealing composition with a specific gravity not greater than that of the poor, 1 y, μ electric ice / melon limbs, Come to top seal the filled microcup. A method for making an electrophoretic display using two methods, the electrophoretic display includes two different ^^ 4-inch microelectrodes to be filled with the desired electrophoretic fluid. The method includes the steps of: ⑴ using additive solutions with different electrophoretic characteristics Or disperse liquid to fill the miniature cup in a figurative manner, and (ii) to disperse a kind including "electrosolvent or solvent mixture" in a patterned manner or in a non-graphed mouth-to-mouth style. ▼ The electrophoretic fluid of the dye particles is filled into the microcup. Wherein step (i) wherein the pattern is used as a printing method, wherein the printing side is pattern, and the method according to item 16 of the scope of patent application is performed before step (i i). 18. Filling the additive solution or dispersion according to the method of claim 17 of the scope of patent application is performed by. 19. The method according to item 18 of the scope of patent application is inkjet printing. 20 · According to Fang Jiu of item 17 of the scope of the patent application, I, filling the additive solution or dispersion in the method of “1000” includes laminating or coating a photoresist on a microcup, and optionally A microcup is opened in a predetermined area, and the opened microcup is filled with a predetermined additive solution or dispersion of electrophoretic characteristics. The method according to item 17 of the scope of patent application, wherein the pattern-filling of the additive solution or dispersion 'includes filling a microcup with a filler 36 -200540545 material, and selectively opening a predetermined area Among them, the filled micro cup is removed from the opened micro cup, and the opened micro cup is filled with a predetermined electric solution, or an ice-free additive solution or a liquid to fill the opened micro cup. Miniature cup. 22. According to Item 17 of the scope of the patent application, L. Danping, the addition of Jian Luo fluid or i M includes a transfer or dispersion in a carrier. Addition of Putian ^ 23. According to the method of the & item of the scope of the patent application, 1 will _ silk field τ /, 亥 5 HAI additives ::: a surfactant, protective colloid, polymer, viscosity, electricity Any control agent, stabilizer, antioxidant, and fluorescent material μ are filler particles. , Charge, or / 4. According to the method of claim 22, the agent is a dielectric solvent or a solvent mixture. -μ Solvent 25. According to the method in the scope of application for patent No. 22, the 1 agent is an organic solvent or solvent mixture that is commonly used as a carrier. 26. The organic solvents or I # |, β human eight MW times / times, and U-shaped compounds, which are found according to the method of 25 items in the scope of application for patents, are selected from carbon and alkyl esters. , 8 ^ § u liceicide, alkyl group. ^, The group consisting of ethers, water, and mixtures According to the formula of Patent Application No. 2 2 Jp, *: In step (π) m, it further includes a step of removing the agent. The carrier solution in the additive solution or dispersion 28. According to the scope of the patent application, the dye branch is dispersed in the -side ... where the charged, y-colored "electrosolvent or solvent mixture." 200540545 2 9. According to the patent application The method of claim 17 further includes using a sealing composition having a specific gravity not greater than the electrophoretic fluid to seal the filled microcup on top. 3 0. The method according to claim 2 of the patent application scope, wherein The filling is performed in sections, and each of the sections has a two-color system. 31. The method according to item 30 of the patent application scope, wherein the filling step is performed by inkjet printing. 十一、圖式： 如次頁Eleven, schema: as the next page 3838