200535524 (1) 九、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於一種使用作爲液晶監測器或液晶顯示器 等的背面照明用光源，小型照明用光源等的冷陰極螢光燈 【先前技術】 • 使用於液晶監測器或液晶顯示器等液晶面板的背面光 裝置是大致區分成邊緣燈式與正下方式的兩種型式。 邊緣燈式是於液晶面板的正下方配置導光板，於該導 光板相對向的兩端邊配置冷陰極螢光燈，同時以反射鏡覆 蓋冷陰極螢光燈的外側周圍，並以反射鏡聚光冷陰極螢光 燈所發出的光而從端邊射入到導光板，經配置於導光板表 面的聚光板而將光放射至液晶面板的方式。 不管邊緣燈式或正下方式，冷陰極螢光燈是其斷面形 ® 狀爲真圓形之故，因而朝圓周方向均勻地發光。 然而，在市場上，液晶顯示裝置的高精細化有所進步 ，而須求得背面光裝置的大光量化。一般排列多數支細管 的冷陰極螢光燈而欲得到高亮度化，惟有難以確保背面光 板面亮度的均勻性的缺點問題。爲了解決該缺點問題，進 行開發具有與背面光裝置的發光板面相同形狀的發光面具 有扁平斷面形狀的冷陰極螢光燈（參照如專利文獻丨，2， 記載於專利文獻的冷陰極螢光燈，是被開發作爲使用 -4- 3 ) ° 200535524 (2) 於探視器寺的小型液晶顯不裝置的背面光 如第54圖的立體圖所示地，冷陰極螢光怎 面板92的表面積相同寬度的發光面者， 監視器或電視機等的大型液晶顯示裝置。 所以如弟5 5圖的立體圖所示地，作 也開發了一種將平板玻璃9 5 a，9 5 b予以 密封，並將該間隙作爲放電空間的大型冷 _ 專利文獻1:日本特開平9—245736 1 專利文獻2 :日本實開平5 一 68068號 專利文獻3:日本特開平2— 7348號4 【發明內容】 然而，在斷面呈扁平形狀的冷陰極螢 螢光燈內的氣體壓分布的參差不齊或燈泡 等而很難得到均勻放寬，具有很難實現均 • 缺點問題。 又’斷面呈扁平形的冷陰極螢光燈是 要求與液晶面板同等以上大小與薄型化之 間的寬度變廣且厚度變薄而產生容易收縮 若陽光柱被收縮，則該收縮陽光柱部分的 高’雖然能謀求板面亮度均勻化的面光源 顯著地出現亮度不均勻。 本發明是鑑於上述事項而創作者，其 種冷陰極螢光燈，而該冷陰極螢光燈是至 裝置用者。此爲 | 93具有與液晶 而不適用於用在 爲大型面光源， 具有間隙而氣密 妻極螢光燈。 ^公報 公報 >報 光燈中，起因於 形狀的參差不齊 勻的板面發光的 很難製造，又被 故，因而放電空 陽光柱的問題。 亮度會極端地變 ，可是在發光面 目的是在提供一 少使用長徑與短 -5- 2^0535524 (3) 徑來規定斷面形狀時，成爲防止亮度不均勻，同時可得到 充分亮度。 第1本發明是一種冷陰極螢光燈，屬於在玻璃管的內 壁面具有螢光體被膜，而於玻璃管內封入有稀有氣體及水 銀’又於玻璃管兩端部具備一對電極的冷陰極螢光燈，其 特徵爲：上述玻璃管的放電空間的斷面形狀至少使用長徑 與短徑所規定，而將該長徑作爲1.2〜14.Omm的範圍，並 • 將短徑作爲〇.7〜10.0mm的範圍；上述稀有氣體的封入是 以封入壓力6.5〜16.0kPa的範圍封入60.0〜99.9%的氖與殘 部作爲氬的混合氣體。 在本發明中，將長徑設定在1.2〜14.0mm，而將短徑 設定在0.7〜10.0mm的範圍，就可得到擴散陽光柱。亦即 ，對於真圓形玻璃間，藉由將長徑作爲14.0mm以下，並 將短徑設定在0.7mm以上而作成扁平形狀，就能防止發生 收縮陽光柱。由此，放電空間的斷面形狀是被規定成細扁 ^ 平形或橢圓形，因此亮度不均勻被防止，也可提高對於導 光板或擴散板的射入效率。又，本發明的冷陰極螢光燈是 將複數支設置在背面光裝置者。 又，將60〜99.9%的氖與殘部作爲氬的混合氣體以封 入壓力6.5〜16.0kPa的範圍被封入在玻璃管內，就可設定 使冷陰極螢光燈的發光效率作成最適當所用的氣體種子， 氣體，而作成可得到充分亮度。 第2本發明是使用於邊緣式背面光的冷陰極螢光燈， 放電空間的斷面形狀是將長徑1.2〜3. 5 mm的範圍，並將短 -6 - 200535524 (4) 徑作爲〇_7〜3.2mm的範圍，又將燈的扁平率{(長徑一短 徑）X長徑xl 00°/。}作爲8〜8 0%的範圍，爲其特徵者。 在本發明中，針對於組裝於邊緣式背面光的冷陰極螢 光燈作成上述的設定，就可將發光效率比斷面形狀呈真圓 形的冷陰極螢光燈還提高5%以上。 第3本發明是使用於正下方式背面光的冷陰極螢光燈 ’而放電空間的斷面形狀是將長徑作爲1.8〜14.0mm的範 II 圍’並將短徑作爲0.7〜10.0mm的範圍，又將燈的扁平率{ (長徑—短徑）X長徑X 1 0 0 % }作爲1 5〜9 0 %的範圍，爲其 特徵者。 在本發明中，針對於組裝於正下方式背面光的冷陰極 螢光燈作成上述的設定，就可將發光效率比斷面形狀呈真 圓形的冷陰極螢光燈還提高5%以上。 第4本發明是在上述冷陰極螢光燈中，將上述玻璃管 的放電空間中具備電極的兩端部的斷面形狀作爲大約真圓 ®形，爲其特徵者。 在本發明中，將具備玻璃管的電極的兩端部的斷面形 狀作爲大約真圓形，就可使用斷面形狀呈大約真圓形的電 極，而可謀求長壽命化。 第5本發明是在上述冷陰極螢光燈中，上述玻璃管是 該放電空間的斷面形狀以橢圓作爲基本者，於燈設置側具 備平面部分，爲其特徵者。 在本發明中，於冷陰極螢光燈的設置側具備平面部分 ’就可谷易地固定冷陰極螢光燈而可作成統一設置方向， 200535524 (5) 同時藉由配置成使得橢圓部分所致的光擴放射面朝背面光 裝置的光射入面側，而作成擴散光可減低板面亮度不均勻 〇 第6本發明是在上述冷陰極螢光燈中，將上述玻璃管 的外形斷面形狀作爲長方形，爲其特徵者。 在本發明中，將玻璃管的外形斷面形成作爲長方形， 就可容易地固定冷陰極螢光燈而可作成統一設置方向，同 φ 時於冷陰極螢光燈的發光面不會變形，而作成可更減低板 面上的亮度不均勻。 第7本發明是在上述冷陰極螢光燈中，上述玻璃管的 放電空間的斷面形狀爲扁平形，將玻璃管的軸方向中央部 的扁平率作成較小，而隨著成爲管端將扁平率作成較大， 爲其特徵者。 在本發明中，將軸方向中央部的扁平率作成較小，而 隨者成爲管端將扁平率較大，使得冷陰極螢光燈的配光愈 • 成爲管端愈變明亮，因此適用於邊緣式等的端部亮度容易 降低的背面光裝置時可得到高亮度。 第8本發明是上述螢光體被膜是長徑方向者形成比短 徑方向者還厚，爲其特徵者。 在本發明中，將長徑方向的螢光體被膜形成比短徑方 向者還厚，使得擴散至長徑方向的紫外線藉由螢光體被膜 轉換成可視光而被反射的比率變高。該被反射的可視光經 膜厚較薄的短徑方向放出至玻璃管外，因此可提高短徑方 向的亮度。 200535524 (6) 依照本發明的冷陰極螢光燈，可防止放電 形成至少使用長徑與短徑所規定時的亮度下均 fen局売度。 【實施方式】 以下使用圖式說明本發明的實施形態。 ® 第一實施形態 第1 ( a )圖是表示本實施形態的冷陰極螢 的軸方向的俯視斷面；同圖（b )是表示其A 向斷面圖；同圖（c )是表示軸方向的側視斷 (d)是表示其B— B的徑方向斷面圖。同圖的 燈1是於玻璃管2的內壁面塗布有螢光體被膜 管1內部氣密地封入稀有氣體的水銀，在玻璃 部具備一對冷陰極所構成的電極3 a，3 b。電極 ^ 由線所構成的板狀電極，分別連接有導電線4a 線4a，4b是被密封於玻璃管2的兩端部，固5 3 b，同時將從外部所供給的電力供給於各電極： 玻璃管1的放電空間的斷面形狀是至少使 內尺寸長徑21與短徑2 5所規定，其長徑是 的範圍，短徑是 〇 . 7〜1 0.0 m m的範圍。亦即， 是真圓形，而作成細扁平形，能得到擴散陽光 止亮度不均勻，同時提高對於導光板或擴散板 。玻璃管1的放電空間的斷面形狀，是作爲如 空間的斷面 勻之同時可 光燈的構成 - A的徑方 面圖；同圖 冷陰極螢光 ，而在玻璃 管1兩端內 3 a，3 b 是 ，4b 。導電 g電極3 a， 3a，3 b 〇 用玻璃管的 1 . 2 〜1 4.0 m m 斷面形狀不 柱，就可防 的射入效率 橢圓形或扁 -9 - 200535524 (7) 平形。在此，作爲一例子，將放電空間的斷面形狀從前端 至終端作成同一形狀。以下長徑2 1是略稱「長徑」與短 徑2 s是略稱的「短略」。 第2圖表示變更扁平率時的相對全光束的圖表。在同 圖表中，作爲一例子，表示將放電空間的短徑以3.0mm作 成一定，而藉由變更長徑2 1來變更扁平率的情形。同圖 的相對全光束是將斷面呈真圓形狀（長徑=短徑）的全光 ©束作爲1〇〇%。依照同圖表，長徑比14.0mm (扁平率 7 8 · 5 % )還短時，亦即扁平率比7 8 %還低的領域，將長徑 作成愈長（將扁平率作成較低）愈提高光束，惟長徑成爲 1 5 · 0 m m以上長度（扁平率成爲8 0 %以上），則急激地降 低光束。此爲長徑至14.0mm的範圍使得陽光柱會擴散， 惟成爲15.0mm以上的陽光柱會收縮，僅發光局部螢光體 被膜所致。 第3圖是表示有關於長徑與短徑發生擴散陽光柱的範 ^ 圍的圖表。如同圖所示地，有關於長徑形成有擴散陽光柱 的範圍’亦即未發生收縮陽光柱的範圍是14.0mm以下。 另一方面，將長徑作成1.2mm還短是製作上較困難。因此 ，長徑是設定在1.2mm以上14.0mm以下的範圍最適當。 同圖是表不長徑1 . 2〜5.0 m m的範圍而短徑0.7 m m以下使得 陽光柱很難擴散。又，表示長徑5 · 0〜9 · 0 m m的範圍而短徑 ι·ο以下使得陽光柱很難擴散，又表示長徑9.0〜14.0mm的 範圍而短徑1 .5mm以下使得陽光很難擴散。 有關於短徑，爲了謀求背面光裝置的薄型化，不能超 -10- 200535524 (8) 過1 0.0mm長度，又也不能比〇.7mm還短，而在製作上有 困難。因此短徑是設定在〇.7nim以上10.0mm以下的範圍 較適當。 又，稀有氣體是以封入壓力6.5〜16.OkPa的範圍封入 6 0.0〜99.9%作爲氖而殘部作爲氬的混合氣體。此爲爲了有 效率地點亮冷陰極螢光燈，藉由封入的氣體種子，氣體壓 力須將燈溫度作成最適當化，來決定發光效率成爲最適當 • 的封入氣體的設定範圍者。 在此，作爲一實施例，使用長徑3.0mm (外尺寸 3.5mm)，短徑 1.6mm (外尺寸 3.2mm)，扁平率 47%的 扁平形的冷陰極螢光燈。比較例的冷陰極螢光燈是將斷面 形狀作成直徑2.0mm (外尺寸3.0mm )的真圓形。在實施 例，比較例均將玻璃管2的長度作爲200mm，在玻璃管內 以8kPa的封入壓力封入作成氬：氖=1 : 9的混合氣體及 水銀。 • 第4圖是表示陽光柱的擴散狀態的圖式，同圖（a ) 是表示比較例；同圖（b )是表示實施例的長徑側；同圖 (c )是表示實施例的短徑側。同圖是表示即使如實施例 地將放電空間的斷面形狀作成扁平，也與比較例的斷面形 狀呈真圓形時相比較，在陽光柱的狀態上不會有很大不相 同而成爲擴散陽光柱，不會成爲降低發光效率的收縮陽光 柱。 第5圖是表示有關將冷陰極螢光燈適用於邊緣式背面 光時的長徑與短徑發生擴散陽光柱的範圍的圖表。使用於 -11 - 200535524 (9) 邊緣式背面光的冷陰極螢光燈是被要求液晶顯示裝置的薄 型化及窄圖框化，因此長徑是最大作爲3 . 5 mm。在第5圖 中，與斷面形狀爲內尺寸2.0mm(外尺寸2.4mm)的真圓 形冷陰極螢光燈相比較，得到扁平率25〜80%的領域是發 光效率提高5%以上，而扁平率8〜46%的領域是發光效率 提高1 〇%以上的結果。由同圖，將斷面形狀的長徑作爲 1.2〜3.5mm的範圍，而將短徑作爲0.7〜3.2mm的範圍。邊 # 緣式背面光的扁平率{(長徑—短徑）/長徑X 1 〇〇}是8〜80 的範圍較理想。 第6圖是表示有關於將冷陰極螢光燈適用於正下方式 背面光時的長徑與短徑發生擴散陽光柱的範圍的圖表。將 斷面形狀的長徑作成1.8〜14.0mm的範圍，而將短徑作成 0.7〜10· 0mm的範圍。在第6圖中，與斷面形狀爲內尺寸 3.0mm (外尺寸 4.0mm )的真圓形冷陰極螢光燈相比較， 得到扁平率15〜64%的領域是發生效率提高5%以上，而扁 ® 平率44〜90%的領域，是發光效率提高10%以上的結果。 正下方式背面光時與邊緣式相比較，扁平率較大的領域者 會提高發光效率，因此將燈的扁平率{(長徑-短徑）/長 徑X100%}作爲15〜90%的範圍。 第7圖是表示將上述實施例的冷陰極螢光燈組裝於正 下方式背面光裝置時的耗電與板面亮度的關係圖式。作爲 背面光裝置，使用1 〇英吋者，使用6支冷陰極螢光燈。 作爲一例，與耗電以6支份量作爲1 8 w時的板面輝度相比 較，則在實施例9與比較例相比較確認提高大約丨2 %。 -12- 200535524 (10) 因此，依照本實施形態，將玻璃管的斷面形狀的長徑 設定爲1 . 2〜1 4.0 m m，並將短徑設定爲0 · 7〜1 0 · 0 m m的範圍 ，則放電空間的斷面形狀被規定細扁平形成橢圓形，防止 發生收縮陽光柱而可得擴散陽光柱，因此可防止亮度不均 勻，同時可提高導光板或擴散板的射入效率，如此可得到 充分的亮度。 依照本實施形態，將60〜99.9%作爲氖而殘部作爲氬 • 的混合氣體以封入壓力6.5〜16.0kPa的範圍封入在玻璃管 內則可將冷陰極螢光燈的發光效率作成最適當。 依照本實施形態，有關於使用於邊緣式背面光的冷陰 極螢光燈。將斷面形狀的長徑作爲1.2〜3.5mm的範圍，而 將短徑作爲0.7〜3.2mm的範圍，並將燈的扁平率作爲8〜 80%的範圍，就與斷面形狀呈真圓形者相比較可提高5%以 上發光效率。 依照本實施形態，有關於使用於正下方背面光的冷陰 ® 極螢光燈，將斷面形狀的長徑作爲1 .8〜1 4.0mm的範圍， 而將短徑作爲0.7〜10· 0mm的範圍，並將燈的扁平率作爲 15〜90%的範圍，就與斷面形狀呈真圓形者相比較可提高 5 %以上發光效率。 依照本實施形態，將玻璃管的放電空間的斷面形狀從 前端至終端作成相同形狀，不管邊緣式，正下方式均可謀 求背面光裝置的薄型化。 第二實施形態 -13- 200535524 (11) 如第一實施形態，將玻璃管的放電空間的斷面形狀從 前端至終端作成相同的橢圓形成扁平形的形狀時，可謀求 背面光裝置的薄型化，另一方面設於玻璃管兩端部的電極 形狀成爲平板形等而被限制大小，因此，產生耗電增加或 縮短壽命的缺點問題。因此被要求長壽命的馬達或電視機 的用途上不適用。如此，在本實施形態中，將具備玻璃管 的電極的兩端部斷面形狀仍作成大約真圓形的構成。以下 i 具體地加以說明。 第8 ( a )圖是表示將本實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的構 成的軸方向的側視斷面圖；第8 ( b )圖是表示其A — A部 的徑方向斷面圖，又第8(c)圖是表示其B— B部的徑方 向斷面圖；第8(d)圖是表示第冷陰極螢光燈的俯視斷面 圖。 如第8圖所示地，玻璃管2的斷面形狀基本上爲橢圓 形，惟在配置有電極3 a，3 b的兩端部中，玻璃管2的斷 β 面形狀是成爲大約真圓形。由此，在電極3 a，3 b，可使用 以前也使用的圓筒形或有底筒狀者。又，在同圖中，表示 A — A部的真圓形與B - B部的橢圓形偏離中心的例子。針 對於其他構成，與第一實施形態者同樣，因此在此省略重 複說明。 第9 ( a )圖是表示本實施形態的其他冷陰極螢光燈的 構成的軸方向的側視斷面圖；同圖（b )是表示A — A部 的徑方向斷面圖；同圖（c)是表示B— B部的徑方向斷面 圖；同圖（d )是表示本冷陰極螢光燈的俯視斷面圖。 -14- 200535524 (12) 如第9圖所不地，本冷陰極螢光燈，在配置有電極3 a ，3 b的兩端部，也將玻璃管2的斷面形狀作成大約真圓形 而將被夾在電極3 a，3 b的中央部分的玻璃管2的斷面形 狀作成橢圓。在同圖中，表示將A — A部的真圓形與B- B 部的橢圓形的中心成爲一致的例子。其他的構成，與第一 實施形態者同樣，因此省略重複說明。 第8圖及第9圖的任一冷陰極螢光燈，其尺寸是如玻 璃管2的長度爲200mm，電極間距離爲190mm，真圓部分 的內徑爲2.0mm (外徑爲3.0mm)，橢圓部分的短徑爲 1.6mm，長徑爲 3.0mm。 因此’依照本實施形態，將具備玻璃管的電極的兩端 部的斷面形狀作成大約真圓形，就可使用先前所使用的斷 面形狀呈大約真圓形的電極，而可謀求長壽命化。 第三實施形態 第1 0 ( a )圖是表示本實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的構 成的軸方向的側視斷面圖；同圖（b )是表示徑方向斷面 圖。如同圖所示地，本冷陰極螢光燈是斷面形狀基本上作 成橢圓’於設置背面光裝置時的燈設置側具備平面部分的 構成。此種形狀，也至少使用長徑與短徑加以規定。在其 他的構成與第一實施形態者同樣，因此在此省略重複的說 明。 第1 1圖是表示將本冷陰極螢光燈組裝於正下方式的 背面光裝置時的構成的斷面圖。如同圖所示地，複數的本 -15- 200535524 (13) 冷陰極螢光燈是其平面部分位於反射器3 6的底面，橢圓 部分所致的光放射面配置擴散板3 5，亦即配置朝背面光裝 置的光入射面側。 第1 2圖是表示組裝比較例的冷陰極螢光燈的背面光 裝置的構成的斷面圖，表示設有斷面形狀呈真圓形的複數 冷陰極螢光燈9 1的狀態。 依照本實施形態，作爲冷陰極螢光燈的構成，在斷面 # 形狀基本上爲橢圓形，而在燈設置側具備平面部分，容易 地可固定燈而可統一設置方向，同時，藉由配置成橢圓部 分所致的光放射面朝背面光裝置的光射入面側，來擴散光 而可減低板面上的亮度不均勻。 又，如第1 3圖所示地，將玻璃管2的放電空間的斷 面形狀作成扁平形成橢圓形，一方面將玻璃管2外形的斷 面形狀作成長方形也可以。在這時候，容易地可固定燈並 可統一設置方向，同時在冷陰極螢光燈的發光面不會有變 ® 形，而可更減低板面上的亮度不均勻。 第四實施形態 第1 4 ( a )圖是表示本實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的構 成的軸方向的俯視斷面圖；同圖（b )是表示其A - A部 的斷面圖；同圖（c )是表示本冷陰極螢光燈的軸方向的 側斷視面圖；同圖（d )是表示其B — B部的斷面圖。本冷 陰極螢光燈的構成是朝軸方向連續地變更玻璃管的放電空 間的斷面形狀的構成。在同圖中，表示軸方向中央部的扁 -16- 200535524 (14) 平率變小；隨著愈到管端而使扁平率變大的構成。在 作爲一例，燈中央部的內徑爲2 · 0 m m (外徑3 · 0 m m ) 圓形，管端的短徑爲1 . 6 m m，長徑爲3 · 0 m m ’從中央 管端逐漸增加扁平率。又，在其他構成中，與第一實 態者同樣，因此省略重複說明。 依照本實施形態，將軸方向中央部的扁平率作成 ，而隨著成爲管端將扁平率作成較大，使得冷陰極螢 # 的配光愈至管端愈明亮，因此適用於邊緣式等的端部 容易降低的背面光裝置時可得到高亮度。 又，藉由配合背面光裝置的配光特性而變更軸方 扁平率，在此種背面光裝置也成爲可得到均勻板面亮 布。 第五實施形態 第15(a)圖是表示本實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈 ® 成的軸方向的俯視斷面圖；同圖（b)是表示其A-的徑方向斷面圖；同圖（c)是表示本冷陰極螢光燈 方向的側視斷面圖；同圖（d )是表示其B — B部的徑 斷面圖。如同圖所示地，本冷陰極螢光燈是將背面光 2的放電空間的斷面形狀作爲長方形的構成。對於其 成與第一實施形態者同樣，因此在此省略說明。 在將放電空間的斷面形狀作爲長方形時，其形狀 長邊與短邊所規疋（長邊是對應於長徑，短邊是相當 徑）。在此’作爲一例，長邊爲9.0mm (外尺寸10 此， 的真 部朝 施形 較小 光燈 亮度 向的 度分 的構 A部 的軸 方向 裝置 他構 是以 於短 .0 m m -17- 200535524 (15) )，短邊爲2.0mm (外尺寸3·0ηιηι )，而背面光裝置2的 長度爲2 5 0 m m，又在玻璃管2的內部以1 0 k P a壓力封入氬 ;氖=5 : 9 5的混合氣體與水銀。 如此地’將放電空間的斷面形狀作爲長方形時，可得 到與作爲扁平形成橢圓形時同樣的效果。 第六實施形態 • 第1 6 ( a )圖是表示本實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的構 成的軸方向的俯視斷面圖；同圖（b )是表示其側視斷面 圖。如同圖所示地，本冷陰極螢光燈是作爲電極3a，3b， 在玻璃管2兩端部的外壁面設置外部電極的構成。玻璃管 2的放電空間的斷面形狀是以長徑與短徑規定扁平形，橢 圓形，長方形等的形狀。對於其他構成與第一實施形態者 同樣，因此省略重複說明。 在本實施形態中，將玻璃管2的兩端部的電極3 a，3 b ^ 作爲外部電極，成爲利用介電障壁放電的冷陰極螢光燈。 如此地作爲外部電極時，也可得到與第一實施形態同樣的 效果。 第七實施形態 在本實施形態，對於內部電極及封裝方法說明各種變 形例。 第1 7圖是表示本實施形態的第1冷陰極螢光燈的構 成的軸方向的側視斷面圖。同圖的冷陰極螢光燈，是作爲 -18- 200535524 (16) 電極3 a，3 b將有底筒狀（杯狀）或套管狀電極具備於玻 璃管2的兩端內部，被連接於各電極3a，3b的導電線4a ，4b藉由桿珠7a，7b分別氣密地封裝於玻璃管2的兩端 部的構成。本冷陰極螢光燈是以與先前同樣方法來封裝導 電線與玻璃管的例子。該封裝構造是可適用於使用於第1 ，8，9，1 0，1 3，1 4圖所說明的各該實施形態。又，在同 圖中，放電空間的斷面形狀爲橢圓形的狀態。對於其他構 # 成，與第一實施形態者同樣，因此在此省略重複說明。 在第1冷陰極螢光燈中，也可得到與第一實施形態同 樣的效果。 第1 8圖是表示本實施形態的第2冷陰極螢光燈的構 成的軸方向的俯視斷面面圖；同圖（b)是表不軸方向的 側面斷面圖。同圖的冷陰極螢光燈是放電空間的斷面形狀 ，爲以長徑與短徑所規定的如橢圓形或扁平形，電極3 a， 3 b是板形電極，配置成以同圖的（a )的俯視斷面圖觀看 • 時於燈軸方向朝電極3 a，3 b的短邊，而於燈徑方向朝長 邊的構成。對於其他構成，與第一實施形態者同樣，因此 在此省略重複說明。 第1 9 ( a )圖是表示比較例的冷陰極螢光燈的構成的 軸方向的俯視斷面圖；同圖（b )是表示其軸方向的側視 斷面圖。比較例的冷陰極螢光燈是配置成其斷面形狀爲真 圓形，板形電極3 a的長邊朝燈軸方向，而短邊朝燈徑方 向的構成。 依照第2冷陰極螢光燈，可得到與第一實施形態同樣 -19- 200535524 (17) 的效果，同時與比較例者相比較可增加電極3 a，3 b間的 距離，於使用相同表面積的電極時可增長有效發光長度。 第20 ( a )圖是表示本實施形態的第3冷陰極螢光燈 的構成的軸方向的側視斷面圖；同圖（b )是表示其徑方 向斷面圖。同圖的冷陰極螢光燈是於大扁平率將有效平板 電極以擠壓密封直接密封於玻璃管2兩端部的構成，而將 電極，密封材，導電線作爲一體者。對於其他構成，與第 # 一實施形態者同樣，因此在此省略重複說明。 在第3冷陰極螢光燈中，也可得到與第一實施形態的 效果同樣的效果。 第八實施形態 第2 1 ( a )圖是表示使用於本實施形態的背面光裝置 的螢光燈的構成的軸方向斷面圖；同圖（b)是於同圖（a )以X — X表示的部分的徑方向斷面圖。在此，作爲螢光 ® 燈的一例使用冷陰極螢光燈1。在同圖的冷陰極螢光燈1 中，於端至端的斷面形狀成爲同一扁平形的玻璃管2的內 壁面塗布螢光體5，而在玻璃管2的兩端內部配置有一對 冷陰極所成的電極3a，3b，又在電極3a，3b分別連接有 導電線4a，4b。導電線4a，4b是被密封在玻璃管2兩端 部，來固定電極3a，3b同時將從外部電源所供給的電力 供給於電極3 a，3 b。在玻璃管2內部，作爲放電媒體，封 入有氬，氖，氙等中的至少一種的稀有氣體及水銀。 作爲一例將冷陰極螢光燈的扁平形狀的短徑作爲 -20- 200535524 (18) 1 .0mm，長徑作爲2.8mm，扁平率64%，玻璃管2的長度 作爲 1 6 1 . 5 m m。 冷陰極螢光燈的發光原理是於電極3 a，3 b藉由施加 電壓，於玻璃管2內部發生放電。激磁被封入於玻璃管2 內部的水銀而放出紫外線成爲藉由該紫外線來激磁螢光體 5而發生可見光。 本實施形態的背面光裝置，是將至少使用長徑與短徑 • 朝細長管管軸方向切斷的斷面形狀所規定的冷陰極螢光燈 的短徑方向相對向的燈軸方向的面構成作爲發光面。 第22圖是表示邊緣燈式背面光裝置的構成的裝配立 體圖。於配置於液晶面板1 1正下方的導光板1 5所對向的 兩端邊配置有冷陰極螢光燈1，而且以反射鏡14a，14b分 別覆蓋各冷陰極螢光燈1的外側周圍，將各冷陰極螢光燈 1所發出的光以反射器14a，14b聚光而從端邊射入至導光 板1 5，經配置於導光板1 5表面的聚光板1 6而將光放射至 ®液晶面板1 1。 作爲一例，導光板15是長度163.5mm，縱深90mm， 厚度爲4mm。本背面光裝置是作爲於導光板15的兩端邊 各一支配置冷陰極螢光燈1的兩燈規格。 如第23圖的斷面圖所示地，在本實施形態的邊緣燈 式的背面光裝置對於導光板的入射光面相對向來配置冷陰 極螢光燈1的長徑。更具體地，對於導光板1 5的射入光 面大約平面地配置冷陰極螢光燈1的長徑方向的面。 第24圖是表示邊緣燈式背面光裝置的其他形態的斷 -21 - 200535524 (19) 面圖。如同圖所示地，使用複數冷陰極螢光燈1時，對於 導光板1 5的射入光面大約平行地配置各該長徑方向的面 〇 第2 5圖是表示正下方式的背面光裝置的構成的裝配 立體圖。於液晶面板1 1的正下方配置冷陰極螢光燈1，而 且以反射鏡3 6覆蓋冷陰極螢光燈1的外側周圍，並以反 射器3 6聚光各冷陰極螢光燈1所發出的光，並經用以將 • 減低亮度不均勻配置於各冷陰極螢光燈1與液晶面板之間 的光簾，擴散板3 5，將光放射至液晶面板1 1。 如第26圖的斷面圖所示地，在正下方式背面光裝置 ，也將冷陰極螢光燈1的長徑相對向配置對於擴散板3 5 的射入光面。具體上，將冷陰極螢光燈1的長徑方向的面 大約平行地配置對於擴散板35的射入光面。作爲一例， 擴散板35是長度爲163.5mm，而縱深爲90mm。 如同圖所示地，使用複數冷陰極螢光燈時，若將燈間 ® 之距離作成〇mm，則不必擴散各冷陰極螢光燈所發光的直 接光，直接可使用作爲面光源。各冷陰極螢光燈間之距離 是愈短愈好，若燈間的距離成5 0mm以上，則降低發光面 整體的亮度還會使亮度不均勻變大。因此，各冷陰極螢光 燈間的距離是作成〇〜5 〇mm的範圍最適當。 又在邊緣燈式，正下方式的雙方，使用複數冷陰極螢 光燈時，設定各冷陰極螢光燈的扁平率使得各冷陰極螢光 燈所發出的光的配光特性成爲均勻。由此，各冷陰極螢光 燈是藉由配置位置使得扁平率成爲相同或不相同，惟配向 -22- 200535524 (20) 特性成爲均勻，因此可更提高發光效率。 以下，對於邊緣燈式的冷陰極螢光燈，與將斷面形狀 呈扁平的冷陰極螢光燈1的短徑方向朝燈的發光方向的實 施例1，及使用斷面形狀呈真圓的冷陰極螢光燈的比較例 1來比較板面亮度效率。 如第27(a)圖的軸方向斷面圖，同圖（b)的徑方向 側面圖所示地，使用於比較例1的冷陰極螢光燈6 1，除了 # 是作爲玻璃管62使用斷面形狀呈真圓者，而且作爲電極 63a，63b使用斷面呈真圓者之外，還作爲與表示於第1圖 的實施例1同樣的構成。如第2 8圖的圖表所示地，確認 了實施例1者比比較例1還提高板面亮度。例如將耗電作 爲5 W時，實施例1的板面高度是與比較例1者相比較還 提高8.5 %。 此爲，斷面形狀呈真圓的冷陰極螢光燈，是在燈內所 發生的陽光柱在圓周方向進行均勻地擴散，而在斷面形狀 ® 呈扁平的冷陰極螢光燈，陽光柱不會均勻地擴散，短徑方 向的陽光柱會收縮，因此短徑方向者照射在燈內壁的螢光 體的每一單位面積的紫外線強度變強，高度大幅度地提高 所致者。 因此，依照本實施形態，將斷面形狀至少使用長徑與 短徑所規定的冷陰極螢光燈1的短徑方向所對向的燈軸方 向的面作爲發光面’就可有效率地使用高亮度的短徑方向 的光，而可提高亮度。 依照本實施形態，在邊緣燈式的背面光裝置中，將冷 -23- 200535524 (21) 陰極螢光燈1的長徑相對向配置對於導光板1 5的射入光 面，就可有效率地使用短徑方向的光，而可提高亮度。 在本實施形態下，在正下方式的背面光裝置中，將冷 陰極螢光燈1的長徑相對向配置對於擴散板3 5的射入光 面，就可有效率地使用短徑方向的光，而可提高亮度。 依照本實施形態，將正下方式的各冷陰極螢光燈間的 距離作爲0〜5 0 mm的範圍，就不必擴散各冷陰極螢光燈1 Φ 所發光的直接光，而可將不使用擴散液且並列配置的冷陰 極螢光燈1仍使用作爲面光源。 依照本實施形態，各冷陰極螢光燈1所發出的光的配 光特性成爲均勻地設定各冷陰極螢光燈1的扁平率，就可 更有效率地使用短徑方向的光。 又，在本實施形態中，將冷陰極螢光燈1的斷面形狀 作成扁平，惟並不被限定於此者，惟斷定形狀至少使用長 徑與短徑所規定的形狀也可以。例如作成橢圓形也可以。 ® 又，玻璃管2是除了直管形之外，作成在中央部折彎成爲 L字管形或U字管形也可以。又，作爲冷陰極螢光燈，使 用在玻璃管內部未封入水銀的型式者，或是作成將電極設 在玻璃管外部的外部電極型式者也可以。 又，在本實施形態的邊緣燈式中，作成於導光板15 相對向的兩端邊配置冷陰極螢光燈，惟並不被限定於此者 。例如僅在導光板一邊配置冷陰極螢光燈也可以。於導光 板1 5的端邊配置冷陰極螢光燈成爲L字形成c字形也可 以。 -24- 200535524 (22) 第九實施形態 在第九實施形態中，將冷陰極螢光燈的斷面形狀，作 成如扁平或橢圓的至少使用長徑與短徑所規定的形狀。在 此種斷面形狀的冷陰極螢光燈中，例如斷面形狀呈扁平的 玻璃管內部配置有斷面形狀呈真圓的電極，惟與斷面形狀 呈真圓的玻璃管時相比較，電極大小對於玻璃管相對地變 # 小，因此燈電壓變高，而耗電變大。 在本實施形態中，說明有關於即使扁平或橢圓的斷面 形狀也可減低燈電壓，且可抑制耗電增加的冷陰極螢光燈 〇 爲了減低燈電壓，必須減低陰極壓降。作爲減低陰極 壓降的方法，是有增加電極的放電表面積或是變更材質。 如此，在本實施形態中，首先將電極的斷面形狀配合玻璃 管的斷面形狀，就可增加電極的表面積。 ® 第29 ( a )圖是表示本實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的端 部構成的斷面圖；同圖（b)是表示其徑方向斷面圖。同 圖的冷陰極螢光燈是使用斷面呈橢圓形的玻璃管1 2，同時 將配置於玻璃管1 2的兩端內部的電極1 3 a，1 3 b的斷面形 狀作成橢圓形的構成。對於其他構成，與第1圖同樣之故 ，因而省略重複說明。 在此，作爲一例，將橢圓的短徑作爲1.6mm，長徑爲 3.0 mm，玻璃管12的長度爲190mm。在電極13a，13b， 使用斷面橢圓形的短徑爲1 · 3 mm，長徑爲2 · 1 mm的有底筒 -25- 200535524 (23) 型者。在該底部外表面分別連接有導電線4 a，4b。電極 1 3 a，1 3 b的材質是作爲鎳（N i )。在玻璃管1 2內部，封 入氖與氬的混合氣體及水銀。將此種構成的冷陰極螢光燈 作爲實施例2。 對於此，比較例2的冷陰極螢光燈，是如第3 0 ( a ) 圖的端部斷面圖，同圖（b )的徑方向斷面圖所示地，於 斷面形狀呈橢圓形的玻璃管1 2兩端內部，配置斷面形狀 # 呈真圓形的有底筒型的電極23a，23b的構成。電極23a， 23b的外徑是作爲1.3mm。其他構成是與實施例2同樣。 如第3 1圖的圖表所示地，實施例2是對於比較例2 確認可減低燈電壓。 在本實施形態中，再變更電極1 3 a，1 3 b的材質，就 可減低陰極壓降。具體上，爲了減低燈電壓，將低工作函 數的Ni，Mo，Nb，Ta等使用作爲電極13a，13b的材質 。在此，在實施例2的構成中，以Mo作爲電極1 3 a，1 3 b • 的材質者作爲實施例3。 在本實施形態中，又如第3 2 ( a )圖的端部斷面圖， 同圖（b)的徑方向斷面圖所示地，在電極13a，13b的表 面塗布電子放射性物質6，就可減低陰極壓降。電子放射 性物質6是作成塗布於有底筒型電極1 3 a，1 3 b的外表面 及內表面的雙方。作爲電子放射性物質6使用例如絶（C e )° 如第3 3圖的圖表所示地，將實施例2的Ni，變更爲 工作函數更低的Μ 〇的實施例3，確認了燈電壓變成比實 -26- 200535524 (24) 施例2還低。又，在電極1 3 a ’ 1 3 b的表面塗布C e的實施 例4，確認了燈電壓會大幅度地減低。 因此，依照本實施形態，將配置於玻璃管內部的電極 1 3 a，1 3 b的斷面形狀配合玻璃管的斷面形狀，就可增加電 極表面積，會減低陰極壓降，可減低燈電壓，又可抑制增 加耗電。 依照本實施形態，在電極1 3 a，1 3 b的材質使用低工 • 作函數的Ni，Mo，Nb，Ta等，就可更減低燈電壓，又可 抑制增加耗電。 依照本實施形態，於電極1 3 a，1 3 b的表面塗布電子 放射性物質6，就可更減低燈電壓，又可抑制增加耗電。 又，在本實施形態中，玻璃管的斷面形狀爲橢圓形， 因此將配置於玻璃管內部的電極斷面形狀作成橢圓形，惟 並不一定限定於此者。例如第3 4 ( a )圖的端部斷面圖， 同圖（b )的徑方向斷面圖所示地，在斷面形狀使用扁平 • 形的玻璃管時，將配置於其內部的電極3 3 a，3 3 b的斷面 形狀作成扁平形。如此地，將電極的斷面形狀配合玻璃管 的斷面形狀。 在本實施形態所說明的冷陰極螢光燈，是可適於第一 實施形態的邊緣燈式及正下方式的雙方背面光裝置。 第十實施形態 在本實施形態中，說明至少使用長徑與短徑所規定的 冷陰極螢光燈的斷面形狀的幾種不同的例。對於各冷陰極 -27- 200535524 (25) 螢光燈的基本上構成，與在上述各實施形態所說明者同樣 ，玻璃管的斷面形狀是至少使用長徑與短徑所規定者，其 長徑是1 . 2〜1 4.0 m m的範圍，短徑是0.7〜1 0.0 m m的範圍， 又，氣體封入壓力是6.5〜16.OkPa的範圍。其他省略重複 的說明，而僅說明不相同之處。 在第1例中，如第3 5圖的斷面圖所示地，玻璃管22 是斷面形狀基本上爲扁平形，而在表面具備平面部分者， • 此種形狀，也至少使用長徑與短徑所規定。 在第2例中，如由第3 6 ( a )圖的正面所觀看的軸方 向斷面圖，同圖（b )的徑方向側面圖，同圖（c )的玻璃 管的徑方向斷面圖，及由同圖（d)的上方所觀看的軸方 向斷面圖所示地，將配置有玻璃管32的電極3a，3b的部 分的斷面形狀作爲真圓，而僅將被夾在電極間的中央部分 的斷面形狀作爲橢圓。作爲一例，將玻璃管3 2的長度作 爲2 0 0 m m，而將電極間距離作爲1 9 0 m m。將真圓部分的內 ^ 徑作爲2.4mm (外徑爲3mm)。將橢圓部分的短徑作爲 1.6mm，將長徑作爲3.0mm。 將使用第3 6圖所說明的冷陰極螢光燈作爲實施例5， 又將玻璃管作爲直管型，而其斷面形狀作爲真圓的冷陰極 螢光燈作爲比較例3。比較例3是將玻璃管3 2的內徑作爲 2.4mm (外徑爲3mm )，長度作爲2 0 0 m m，又將電極間距 離作爲1 90mm。實施例5與比較例3是均將燈電流作爲 5 ηι A 〇 如第3 7圖的表所示地，實施例5是確認了對於比較 -28- 200535524 (26) 例3提高亮度9 · 2 °/〇，並提高9.7 %。 在第3例中，如第3 8 ( a )圖的軸方向側面圖，同圖 (b )的徑方向側面圖，同圖（c )的玻璃管的斷面圖所示 地，於一玻璃管4 2作成包含兩種類以上的斷面形狀。在 第22圖是表示將玻璃管42的斷面形狀作成長徑位於水平 方向的橢圓形，而以該形狀作爲基本，將其局部作成長徑 位於垂直方向的橢圓形的構成。 Φ 在本實施形態所說明的各例的冷陰極螢光燈，是均可 適用於第一實施形態的邊緣燈式及正下方式的雙方背面光 裝置。 第—實施形態 如上所述地，玻璃管的斷面形狀以所謂扁平或橢圓的 長徑與短徑所規定的冷陰極螢光燈，是陽光柱不均勻地擴 散，而短徑方向的陽光柱有被收縮的趨勢之故，因而被照 ® 射於短徑方向的螢光體的每一單位面積的紫外線強度變強 而大幅度地提高亮度。因此，此種冷陰極螢光燈，是圓周 方向的亮度分布成爲不相同。 所以如使用第26圖所述地，將複數冷陰極螢光燈1 的長徑方向的面對於擴散板3 5的射入光面設置成大約平 行時，則可增加從冷陰極螢光燈1直接射入至擴散板3 5 的光，惟在板面上會發生亮度不均勻。 在本實施形態中，說明有關於變更冷陰極螢光燈的設 置再度就可減低如上所述的亮度不均勻的正下方式背面光 -29- 200535524 (27) 裝置。又，在以下所使用的各冷陰極螢光燈1的 成是作成與使用第2 1圖所說明者同樣。 第3 9圖是表示本實施形態的第1背面光裝 的斷面圖。本背面光裝置是將至少一支以上的冷 燈，設置成長徑方向的面對於擴散板的射入光面 平行的角度的構成。在同圖中’作爲一例表示針: 的冷陰極螢光燈1，扁平形狀的長徑方向的面對 # 的射入光面設置成從中央部分朝左右各三燈朝徑 + 45度或一 45度的狀態。 第40圖是表示本實施形態的第2背面光裝 的斷面圖。本背面光裝置是針對於配置於端部的 光燈，設置成長徑方向的面對於擴散板的射入光 向傾斜+45度或是- 45度，而針對於設置於端部 陰極螢光燈，設置成長徑方向的面對於擴散板的 成爲平行的構成。 • 第41圖是表示本實施形態的第3背面光裝 的斷面圖。本背面光裝置是設置扁平率不相同的 極螢光燈的構成。在此作爲一例，表示從背面光 央部左右對稱地配置扁平率〇% (真圓形）’扁: (長徑3.0mm，短徑1.6mm)，扇平率63°/。（長 ，短徑1.2 mm)的冷陰極螢光燈的構成。 第42圖是表示本實施形態的第4背面光裝 的斷面圖。本背面光裝置是設置玻璃管的斷面形 的複數冷陰極螢光燈的構成。在同圖中作爲一例 基本上構 置的構成 陰極螢光 成爲不是 討於6燈 於擴散板 方向傾斜 置的構成 冷陰極螢 面朝徑方 以外的冷 射入光面 置的構成 複數冷陰 裝置的中 p 率 4 7 % 徑 3.2 m m 置的構成 狀不相同 ，在背面 -30-200535524 (1) IX. Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a cold cathode fluorescent lamp using a light source for backlighting such as a liquid crystal monitor or a liquid crystal display, a light source for compact lighting, etc. [prior art] • Backlight devices used in liquid crystal panels such as liquid crystal monitors and liquid crystal displays are roughly divided into two types: edge light type and direct type. The edge light type is to arrange a light guide plate directly below the liquid crystal panel. Cold cathode fluorescent lamps are arranged at opposite ends of the light guide plate. At the same time, a reflector is used to cover the outer periphery of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp. A method in which light emitted from a light-cold cathode fluorescent lamp enters a light guide plate from an end edge, and is radiated to a liquid crystal panel through a light collecting plate disposed on a surface of the light guide plate. Regardless of the edge-light type or the direct-down type, the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp has a true circular shape in cross-section shape and therefore emits light uniformly in the circumferential direction. However, in the market, the high-definition of liquid crystal display devices has been improved, and it is necessary to obtain a large light quantization of a backlight device. Generally, cold cathode fluorescent lamps with a large number of thin tubes are arranged to achieve high brightness, but there is a problem that it is difficult to ensure the uniformity of the brightness of the surface of the back light panel. In order to solve this disadvantage, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp having a flat cross-sectional light emitting surface having the same shape as the light emitting plate surface of the back light device has been developed (see, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 2) The light lamp was developed to use -4- 3) ° 200535524 (2) The back light of the small liquid crystal display device in the Viewer Temple is shown in the perspective view of Fig. 54. The surface area of the cold cathode fluorescent panel 92 Large-size liquid crystal display devices such as monitors or televisions with the same width of the light emitting surface. Therefore, as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 55, Zuo also developed a large-scale cold sealing flat glass 9 5 a, 9 5 b, and using the gap as a discharge space. Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9— 245736 1 Patent Document 2: Japanese Shikaihei No. 6868068 Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Hei 2-7348 4 [Summary of the Invention] However, the distribution of gas pressure in a cold cathode fluorescent lamp with a flat cross section It is difficult to achieve uniform relaxation due to unevenness, bulbs, etc., and it has a problem that it is difficult to achieve uniformity. Also, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp with a flat cross-section is required to be as wide as the liquid crystal panel, and the thickness must be widened and thinned to make it easy to shrink. If the sunlight column is shrunk, the contracted sunlight column portion Although the "high" of the surface light source capable of achieving uniform brightness of the panel surface, brightness unevenness significantly occurs. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned matters, and a cold cathode fluorescent lamp of this type is intended for a device user. This is | 93 with liquid crystal and is not suitable for use as a large area light source, with gaps and airtight wife fluorescent lamps. ^ Gazette Gazette > In the light lamp, due to the uneven shape of the plate, it is difficult to manufacture and it is difficult to manufacture, so it causes the problem of discharging empty sunlight. The brightness will change extremely, but the purpose of the light-emitting surface is to prevent the uneven brightness and to obtain sufficient brightness at the same time to prevent the uneven brightness when the cross-section shape is specified by using the long diameter and short -5- 2 ^ 0535524 (3). The first invention is a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, which belongs to a cold tube having a fluorescent film on the inner wall surface of a glass tube, a rare gas and mercury enclosed in the glass tube, and a pair of electrodes provided at both ends of the glass tube. Cathode fluorescent lamp, characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the above-mentioned glass tube is specified using at least the long diameter and the short diameter, and the long diameter is taken as 1. 2 ~ 14. Omm range, and • Short diameter as 〇. 7 ~ 10. 0mm range; the above-mentioned rare gas is sealed with a sealing pressure of 6. 5 ~ 16. The 0kPa range is enclosed in 60. 0 ~ 99. 9% of neon and the remainder are used as a mixture of argon. In the present invention, the long diameter is set to 1. 2 ~ 14. 0mm, and set the short diameter at 0. 7 ~ 10. In the range of 0mm, a diffused sunlight column can be obtained. That is, for a true circular glass, the length is taken as 14. 0mm or less, and set the short diameter to 0. 7mm or more in a flat shape prevents shrinkage of the sun column. As a result, the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space is defined as a thin flat shape or an elliptical shape, so uneven brightness is prevented, and the incidence efficiency to the light guide plate or the diffusion plate can be improved. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of the present invention is one in which a plurality of them are installed in a backlight device. Also, will be 60 ~ 99. 9% neon and the remainder are used as a mixed gas of argon to seal the pressure 6. 5 ~ 16. A range of 0 kPa is enclosed in a glass tube, and the light emission efficiency of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp can be set to make the most suitable gas seed and gas, and sufficient brightness can be obtained by making. The second invention of the present invention is a cold cathode fluorescent lamp for use in edge-type back light, the sectional shape of the discharge space is the long diameter 1. 2 ~ 3. 5 mm range, and the short -6-200535524 (4) diameter as 〇_7 ~ 3. In the range of 2mm, the flatness ratio of the lamp {(long diameter to short diameter) × long diameter xl 00 ° /. } The characteristic is a range of 8 to 80%. In the present invention, by making the above setting for the cold cathode fluorescent lamp assembled on the edge-type back light, the luminous efficiency can be improved by more than 5% compared with the cold cathode fluorescent lamp having a true circular cross-sectional shape. The third aspect of the present invention is a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp which is used for direct light of the back side, and the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space is 1. 8 ~ 14. 0mm range II 'and the short diameter is taken as 0. 7 ~ 10. In the range of 0mm, the flatness ratio of the lamp {(long diameter—short diameter) X long diameter X 1 0 0%} is taken as a range of 15 to 90%, which is the characteristic. In the present invention, by making the above settings for the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp which is assembled in the back light of the direct mode, the luminous efficiency can be improved by more than 5% compared with the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp having a true circular cross-sectional shape. A fourth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of both end portions provided with electrodes in the discharge space of the glass tube is approximately a true circle ® shape in the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp. In the present invention, when the cross-sectional shape of both ends of the electrode provided with the glass tube is approximately true circular, an electrode having a substantially true circular cross-section can be used, and the life can be extended. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp, the glass tube is characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space is based on an ellipse, and a flat portion is provided on the side of the lamp. In the present invention, if a flat portion is provided on the installation side of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp, the cold cathode fluorescent lamp can be easily fixed and a uniform installation direction can be made. 200535524 (5) At the same time, it is caused by the arrangement of the oval portion The light-spreading radiation surface faces the light-incident surface side of the backlight device, and the diffused light can reduce uneven brightness on the surface of the plate. The sixth aspect of the present invention is to cut the outer shape of the glass tube in the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp. The shape as a rectangle is its characteristic. In the present invention, by forming the outer shape of the glass tube into a rectangular shape, the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp can be easily fixed and can be set in a uniform setting direction. At the same time, the light-emitting surface of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp does not deform, and It can reduce the uneven brightness on the surface of the board. According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp, the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the glass tube is flat, and the flatness of the central portion in the axial direction of the glass tube is made small. The flatness ratio is made large and it is the characteristic. In the present invention, the flattening ratio of the central portion in the axial direction is made smaller, and the flattening ratio becomes larger as the tube end becomes, so that the light distribution of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp becomes brighter as the tube end becomes, which is suitable for A high-brightness can be obtained in a backlight device in which the edge brightness of the edge type and the like is easily reduced. An eighth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the phosphor film is formed thicker in the major axis direction than in the minor axis direction, and is a feature of the phosphor film. In the present invention, the phosphor film in the major axis direction is formed thicker than those in the minor axis direction, so that the ratio of ultraviolet rays diffused into the major axis direction is converted into visible light by the phosphor film and reflected. The reflected visible light is emitted to the outside of the glass tube through the short-diameter direction with a thin film thickness, so that the brightness in the short-diameter direction can be improved. 200535524 (6) The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp according to the present invention can prevent electric discharge from forming at a uniform fen level at least when using the long and short diameters. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described using drawings. ® First Embodiment Figure 1 (a) is a plan sectional view showing the axial direction of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp of the present embodiment; the same figure (b) is a sectional view showing the A direction; the same figure (c) is showing the axis A cross-sectional view (d) in the direction is a cross-sectional view in the radial direction showing B-B. The lamp 1 shown in the figure is coated on the inner wall surface of the glass tube 2 with a phosphor coating tube 1 hermetically sealed with mercury in a rare gas, and includes a pair of cold cathode electrodes 3a, 3b in the glass portion. Electrode ^ Plate-shaped electrodes made of wires are connected to conductive wires 4a. Wires 4a and 4b are sealed at both ends of the glass tube 2 and fixed to 5 3b. At the same time, power supplied from the outside is supplied to each electrode. : The cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the glass tube 1 is defined by at least the inner dimensions of the long diameter 21 and the short diameter 25, and the long diameter is in the range, and the short diameter is 0. 7 ~ 1 0. 0 m m range. That is, it is a true circle, and it is made into a thin flat shape, which can obtain diffused sunlight, prevent uneven brightness, and improve the light guide plate or diffuser plate. The cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the glass tube 1 is as a structure of the light lamp which is uniform while the cross-section of the space is A; 3b is, 4b. Conductive g electrode 3 a, 3a, 3 b 〇 1 with glass tube. 2 to 1 4. The 0 m m cross section is not cylindrical, so the injection efficiency can be prevented. Oval or flat -9-200535524 (7) Flat. Here, as an example, the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space is made the same shape from the front end to the terminal end. In the following, the long diameter 21 is abbreviated as "long diameter" and the short diameter 2 s is abbreviated "short". FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relative full beam when the flattening ratio is changed. In the same chart, as an example, it is shown that the short diameter of the discharge space is 3. When 0mm is constant, the flatness is changed by changing the long diameter 21. The relative full beam in the same figure is a full beam © beam with a cross section that is a true circle (long diameter = short diameter) as 100%. According to the same chart, the aspect ratio is 14. When the 0mm (flatness ratio 78.5%) is short, that is, in the area where the flatness ratio is lower than 78%, the longer the longer diameter (the lower the flatness ratio) is, the more the beam is increased, but the longer diameter is 1 5 When the length is 0 mm or more (the flattening ratio becomes 80% or more), the beam is drastically reduced. This is the longest path to 14. The range of 0mm makes the column of sunlight diffuse, but it becomes 15. Columns of sunlight above 0mm will shrink and emit only local phosphor coatings. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the range of the long and short diameter columns of diffused sunlight. As shown in the figure, there is a range in which a diffused sunlight column is formed on the long diameter, that is, a range in which no contraction of the sunlight column occurs is 14. 0mm or less. On the other hand, make the long diameter 1. 2mm is short, it is more difficult to make. Therefore, the long diameter is set at 1. 2mm or more 14. A range of 0 mm or less is most suitable. The same figure shows the long diameter 1. 2 ~ 5. 0 m m range and short diameter 0. Below 7 m m makes it difficult to spread the sunlight. Also, indicates the range of the long diameter 5 · 0 ~ 9 · 0 m m and the short diameter ι · ο below makes it difficult for the sunlight column to diffuse, and also indicates the long diameter 9. 0 ~ 14. 0mm range and short diameter 1. Below 5mm makes it difficult for sunlight to spread. Regarding the short diameter, in order to reduce the thickness of the backlight device, it must not exceed -10- 200535524 (8) over 1 0. 0mm length, but also can not be compared to 〇. 7mm is short, and there are difficulties in production. Therefore, the short diameter is set at 0. 7nim or more 10. A range of 0 mm or less is more appropriate. Also, the rare gas is enclosed at a pressure of 6. 5 ~ 16. The range of OkPa is enclosed in 6 0. 0 ~ 99. 9% is a mixture of neon and argon. In order to efficiently illuminate the cold cathode fluorescent lamp, the temperature of the enclosed gas must be optimized by the gas pressure of the enclosed gas seed to determine the luminous efficiency to be the most appropriate setting range of the enclosed gas. Here, as an embodiment, a long diameter of 3. 0mm (outer dimension 3. 5mm), short diameter 1. 6mm (outer dimension 3. 2mm), 47% flat cold cathode fluorescent lamp. The cold cathode fluorescent lamp of the comparative example has a cross-sectional shape of 2. 0mm (outer dimension 3. 0mm). In the examples and the comparative examples, the length of the glass tube 2 was set to 200 mm, and the glass tube was sealed at a sealing pressure of 8 kPa to produce a mixed gas of argon: neon = 1: 9 and mercury. • Figure 4 is a diagram showing the diffusion state of the sunlight column, the same figure (a) is a comparative example, the same figure (b) is the long diameter side of the embodiment, and the same figure (c) is a short example of the embodiment Trail side. The figure shows that even if the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space is made flat as in the example, compared with the case where the cross-sectional shape of the comparative example is true circular, the state of the sunlight column is not greatly different and becomes Spreading the sunlight column will not become a shrinking sunlight column that reduces the luminous efficiency. Fig. 5 is a graph showing a range in which the long axis and the short axis of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp are diffused when a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp is applied to edge-type backlights. -11-200535524 (9) The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp with edge-type back light is required to reduce the thickness and frame size of liquid crystal display devices. Therefore, the longest diameter is 3 at most. 5 mm. In Figure 5, the internal shape is 2. 0mm (outer dimension 2. 4mm) true circular cold-cathode fluorescent lamp, the area where the flattening rate is 25 ~ 80% is more than 5%, and the flatness rate is 8 ~ 46%. . From the same figure, let the long diameter of the section shape be 1. 2 ~ 3. 5mm range, with the short diameter as 0. 7 ~ 3. 2mm range. The flatness ratio of the edge # edge type back light {(long diameter—short diameter) / long diameter X 1 〇〇} is preferably in a range of 8 to 80. Fig. 6 is a graph showing a range in which the long axis and the short axis of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp are diffused when the backlight is applied to the direct-downlight mode and the column of light diffuses. Make the long diameter of the section shape 1. 8 ~ 14. 0mm range, and make the short diameter 0. 7 ~ 10 · 0mm range. In Figure 6, the internal dimensions are 3. 0mm (outer dimension 4. 0mm), compared to true circular cold cathode fluorescent lamps, the area where the flat rate is 15 ~ 64% is more than 5%, and the area where the flat rate is 44 ~ 90% is more than 10%. the result of. Compared with the edge type, when the back light is in the direct down mode, the flatness ratio of the field with a larger flatness ratio will improve the luminous efficiency. Therefore, the flatness ratio of the lamp {(long diameter-short diameter) / long diameter X100%} is 15 to 90%. range. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between power consumption and panel brightness when the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of the above embodiment is assembled in a direct-type backlight unit. As the backlight device, a 10-inch one was used, and 6 cold cathode fluorescent lamps were used. As an example, compared with the case where the power consumption is 6 plates for 18 w, the brightness of the plate is confirmed to be about 2% higher than that of the comparative example. -12- 200535524 (10) Therefore, according to this embodiment, the long diameter of the cross-sectional shape of the glass tube is set to 1. 2 ~ 1 4. 0 mm, and the short diameter is set to a range of 0 · 7 ~ 1 0 · 0 mm, the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space is prescribed to be thin and flat to form an ellipse, which prevents the contraction of the sun column and the diffusion of the sun column. It can prevent uneven brightness and improve the incidence efficiency of the light guide plate or the diffuser plate, so that sufficient brightness can be obtained. According to this embodiment, 60 to 99. 9% mixed gas as neon and argon 5 ~ 16. The range of 0 kPa enclosed in a glass tube can optimize the luminous efficiency of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp. According to this embodiment, there is a cold cathode fluorescent lamp used for edge-type back light. Let the long diameter of the section shape be 1. 2 ~ 3. 5mm range, with the short diameter as 0. 7 ~ 3. In the range of 2 mm, and the flatness ratio of the lamp is in the range of 8 to 80%, the luminous efficiency can be improved by more than 5% compared with the case where the cross-sectional shape is true circular. According to this embodiment, regarding the Lengyin ® polar fluorescent lamp used for the back light directly below, the long diameter of the cross-sectional shape is taken as 1. 8 ~ 1 4. 0mm range, with the short diameter as 0. The range of 7 ~ 10 · 0mm, and the flatness ratio of the lamp as the range of 15 ~ 90%, can improve the luminous efficiency by more than 5% compared with the case where the cross-sectional shape is true circle. According to this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the glass tube is made the same from the front end to the terminal end, and regardless of the edge type and the direct type, the thickness of the backlight device can be reduced. Second Embodiment-13- 200535524 (11) As in the first embodiment, when the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the glass tube is formed into the same ellipse from the front end to the terminal end to form a flat shape, the thickness of the backlight device can be reduced. On the other hand, the shape of the electrodes provided at both ends of the glass tube is flat and the like is limited in size. Therefore, there is a problem that the power consumption is increased or the life is shortened. For this reason, motors or televisions that require long life are not suitable for use. As described above, in this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of both end portions of the electrode provided with the glass tube is still substantially circular. The following i is explained in detail. Fig. 8 (a) is a side cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of this embodiment in the axial direction; Fig. 8 (b) is a cross-sectional view in the radial direction showing the A-A part thereof, Fig. 8 (c) is a cross-sectional view in a radial direction showing a portion B-B; and Fig. 8 (d) is a plan cross-sectional view showing a cold cathode fluorescent lamp. As shown in FIG. 8, the cross-sectional shape of the glass tube 2 is substantially elliptical, but the shape of the β-section of the glass tube 2 is approximately round in the two end portions where the electrodes 3 a and 3 b are arranged. shape. Therefore, for the electrodes 3a and 3b, a cylindrical shape or a bottomed cylindrical shape which has been conventionally used can be used. In the same figure, an example in which the true circle of the A-A part and the ellipse of the B-B part are off-centered is shown. The rest of the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, so the repeated description is omitted here. Fig. 9 (a) is a side sectional view showing the structure of another cold cathode fluorescent lamp according to this embodiment in the axial direction; the same figure (b) is a sectional view in the radial direction showing part A to A; the same figure (C) is a cross-sectional view in the radial direction showing part B-B; the same figure (d) is a plan cross-sectional view showing the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp. -14- 200535524 (12) As shown in Figure 9, the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp is provided with electrodes 3 a and 3 b at both ends, and the shape of the cross-section of the glass tube 2 is approximately round. The cross-sectional shape of the glass tube 2 sandwiched between the central portions of the electrodes 3 a and 3 b is oval. In the same figure, an example in which the true circle of the A-A part and the center of the ellipse of the B-B part are matched is shown. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore redundant descriptions are omitted. Any of the cold cathode fluorescent lamps of FIGS. 8 and 9 has a size such as the length of the glass tube 2 is 200 mm, the distance between the electrodes is 190 mm, and the inner diameter of the true circle is 2. 0mm (outer diameter is 3. 0mm), and the short diameter of the ellipse is 1. 6mm, long diameter is 3. 0mm. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the both ends of the electrode provided with the glass tube is approximately true circular, and the electrode having a cross-sectional shape approximately used in the past can be used, and a long life can be achieved. Into. Third Embodiment Fig. 10 (a) is a side sectional view showing the structure of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp according to the present embodiment in the axial direction, and Fig. (B) is a sectional view showing the radial direction. As shown in the figure, the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp has a configuration in which the cross-sectional shape is substantially elliptical 'and a flat portion is provided on the lamp installation side when the backlight device is installed. This shape is also specified using at least the major and minor diameters. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore redundant explanations are omitted here. Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration when the present cold-cathode fluorescent lamp is assembled in a direct-light type backlight device. As shown in the figure, the plurality of Ben-15-200535524 (13) The cold cathode fluorescent lamp has a planar portion located on the bottom surface of the reflector 36, and a light emitting surface caused by the elliptical portion is provided with a diffusion plate 35, that is, configured Toward the light incident surface side of the back light device. Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a backlight device for assembling a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of a comparative example, and shows a state in which a plurality of cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 91 having a true circular cross-section are provided. According to this embodiment, as the structure of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp, the shape of the section # is basically elliptical, and a flat portion is provided on the side where the lamp is installed, so that the lamp can be easily fixed and the direction can be uniformly arranged. The light emitting surface caused by the elliptical portion faces the light incident surface side of the back light device to diffuse light and reduce uneven brightness on the surface of the board. Further, as shown in Fig. 13, the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the glass tube 2 is flattened to form an oval shape. On the one hand, the cross-sectional shape of the outer shape of the glass tube 2 may be rectangular. At this time, the lamp can be easily fixed and the orientation can be uniformly set. At the same time, the light emitting surface of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp will not be deformed, and the uneven brightness on the panel surface can be further reduced. 14 (a) of the fourth embodiment is a plan sectional view in the axial direction showing the configuration of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp of the present embodiment; the same figure (b) is a sectional view showing the A-A portion thereof; The same figure (c) is a side cross-sectional view showing the axial direction of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp; the same figure (d) is a cross-sectional view showing part B-B thereof. The cold cathode fluorescent lamp has a configuration in which the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the glass tube is continuously changed in the axial direction. In the same figure, the flatness of the central part in the axial direction is shown. -16- 200535524 (14) The flatness becomes smaller; the flatness becomes larger as it reaches the tube end. As an example, the inner diameter of the central part of the lamp is 2.0 mm (outer diameter 3.0 mm) is circular, and the short diameter of the tube end is 1. 6 m m with a long diameter of 3.0 mm m 'from the central tube end to increase the flattening ratio gradually. Since the other configurations are the same as those in the first state, redundant description is omitted. According to this embodiment, the flattening ratio of the central portion in the axial direction is made, and the flattening ratio is made larger as it becomes the tube end, so that the light distribution of the cold cathode fluorescent # becomes brighter as the tube end becomes. High brightness can be obtained when the backlight is easily lowered at the end. In addition, by changing the axial flatness in accordance with the light distribution characteristics of the back light device, even in such a back light device, a uniform plate surface bright cloth can be obtained. Fifth Embodiment FIG. 15 (a) is a plan sectional view showing the axial direction of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp® according to the present embodiment; FIG. (B) is a sectional view showing a radial direction of the same; Figure (c) is a side cross-sectional view showing the direction of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp; the same figure (d) is a cross-sectional view showing the B-B portion thereof. As shown in the figure, the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp has a configuration in which the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the back light 2 is rectangular. Since the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description is omitted here. When the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space is rectangular, the shape is defined by long and short sides (the long side corresponds to the long diameter and the short side corresponds to the diameter). Here as an example, the long side is 9. 0mm (external size 10), the real part of the structure is oriented toward the axis of the A part of the structure of the smaller degree of brightness of the lamp, and the other part is short. 0 m m -17- 200535524 (15)), the short side is 2. 0mm (outer dimension 3.0mm), and the length of the backlight 2 is 250 mm, and argon is sealed inside the glass tube 2 at a pressure of 10 kPa; neon = 5: 9 5 mixed gas and mercury . In this way, when the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space is made rectangular, the same effect as that obtained when the ellipse is formed flat is obtained. Sixth Embodiment • Fig. 16 (a) is a plan sectional view showing the structure of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of the present embodiment in the axial direction; the same figure (b) is a side sectional view. As shown in the figure, the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp has a configuration in which external electrodes are provided on the outer wall surfaces of both ends of the glass tube 2 as the electrodes 3a and 3b. The cross-sectional shape of the discharge space of the glass tube 2 is a shape such as a flat shape, an elliptical shape, and a rectangular shape with long and short diameters defined. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore redundant descriptions are omitted. In this embodiment, the electrodes 3 a and 3 b ^ at both ends of the glass tube 2 are used as external electrodes to form a cold cathode fluorescent lamp using a dielectric barrier to discharge. Even when used as an external electrode in this way, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Seventh Embodiment In this embodiment, various modifications will be described for the internal electrode and the packaging method. Fig. 17 is a side sectional view showing the structure of the first cold cathode fluorescent lamp according to the embodiment in the axial direction. The cold cathode fluorescent lamp shown in the figure is -18- 200535524 (16) The electrodes 3 a, 3 b are provided with a bottomed cylindrical (cup) or sleeve-shaped electrode inside both ends of the glass tube 2 and connected to The conductive wires 4a and 4b of the electrodes 3a and 3b are hermetically sealed to the both ends of the glass tube 2 by the rod beads 7a and 7b, respectively. This cold-cathode fluorescent lamp is an example of packaging a lead wire and a glass tube in the same manner as before. This package structure is applicable to each of the embodiments described in FIGS. 1, 8, 9, 10, 1 3, and 14. In the same figure, the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space is in an oval shape. The other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment, and therefore redundant descriptions are omitted here. Also in the first cold-cathode fluorescent lamp, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained. Fig. 18 is a plan sectional view in the axial direction showing the structure of the second cold cathode fluorescent lamp of the present embodiment, and Fig. (B) is a side sectional view in the direction of the axis. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp in the same figure is the cross-sectional shape of the discharge space, such as an ellipse or a flat shape defined by the long and short diameters. The electrodes 3 a and 3 b are plate-shaped electrodes, which are configured as shown in the figure. (A) A plan view of a cross-sectional view. A structure in which the electrodes are oriented toward the short sides of the electrodes 3 a and 3 b in the direction of the lamp axis and the long sides in the direction of the lamp diameter. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore redundant descriptions are omitted here. Fig. 19 (a) is an axial sectional view showing the configuration of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp of a comparative example, and Fig. (B) is a side sectional view showing the axial direction. The cold cathode fluorescent lamp of the comparative example is configured such that its cross-sectional shape is a true circle, and the long side of the plate-shaped electrode 3a faces the lamp axis direction and the short side faces the lamp diameter direction. According to the second cold-cathode fluorescent lamp, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained -19- 200535524 (17). At the same time, the distance between the electrodes 3 a and 3 b can be increased compared with the comparative example, and the same surface area can be used. The electrode can increase the effective light emission length. Fig. 20 (a) is a side sectional view showing the structure of a third cold cathode fluorescent lamp according to the present embodiment in the axial direction; and Fig. (B) is a sectional view showing the radial direction. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp shown in the figure is a structure in which an effective flat electrode is directly sealed to both ends of the glass tube 2 by squeeze sealing at a large flat rate, and the electrode, the sealing material, and the conductive wire are integrated. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and therefore redundant descriptions are omitted here. The third cold-cathode fluorescent lamp can also obtain the same effects as those of the first embodiment. Fig. 21 (a) of the eighth embodiment is a sectional view in the axial direction showing the structure of a fluorescent lamp used in the backlight device of this embodiment; the same figure (b) is shown in the same figure (a) with X- A cross-sectional view in the radial direction of a portion indicated by X. Here, as an example of a fluorescent lamp, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is used. In the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 of the same figure, the phosphor 5 is coated on the inner wall surface of the glass tube 2 whose end-to-end cross-sectional shape becomes the same flat shape, and a pair of cold cathodes are arranged inside both ends of the glass tube 2 The formed electrodes 3a, 3b are connected to the electrodes 3a, 3b with conductive wires 4a, 4b, respectively. The conductive wires 4a, 4b are sealed at both ends of the glass tube 2 to fix the electrodes 3a, 3b, and at the same time, the power supplied from an external power source is supplied to the electrodes 3a, 3b. Inside the glass tube 2, a rare gas and mercury containing at least one of argon, neon, xenon and the like are sealed as a discharge medium. As an example, the short diameter of the flat shape of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp is -20- 200535524 (18) 1. 0mm, long diameter as 2. 8mm, flat rate 64%, the length of glass tube 2 is 1 6 1. 5 m m. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp emits light inside the glass tube 2 by applying a voltage to the electrodes 3a, 3b. The ultraviolet rays excited by the mercury enclosed in the glass tube 2 are emitted, and the ultraviolet rays excite the phosphor 5 to generate visible light. The backlight device according to this embodiment is a surface in which the direction of the short axis of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp that faces at least the long diameter and the short diameter and the cross-sectional shape cut in the direction of the elongated tube tube axis is opposite to the lamp axis Structured as a light emitting surface. Fig. 22 is an assembled perspective view showing the configuration of the edge light type backlight device. Cold cathode fluorescent lamps 1 are arranged on opposite ends of the light guide plate 15 arranged directly below the liquid crystal panel 11 and the outer periphery of each cold cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is covered with reflectors 14a and 14b, respectively. The light emitted from each cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is collected by the reflectors 14a and 14b, and is incident on the light guide plate 15 from the end edge, and is radiated to the light guide plate 16 arranged on the surface of the light guide plate 15 ® LCD panel 1 1. As an example, the light guide plate 15 is a length of 163. 5mm, depth 90mm, thickness 4mm. This backlight unit is a two-lamp type in which the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is arranged on each of the two ends of the light guide plate 15. As shown in the sectional view of Fig. 23, in the edge light type backlight device of this embodiment, the long diameter of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is arranged opposite to the incident light surface of the light guide plate. More specifically, the plane of the long-diameter direction of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is arranged approximately flat with respect to the incident light surface of the light guide plate 15. Fig. 24 is a sectional view showing another form of an edge-light type backlight device according to Fig. 24-200535524 (19). As shown in the figure, when a plurality of cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 1 are used, the light-incident surfaces of the light guide plate 15 are arranged approximately in parallel with each other in the major-diameter direction. Fig. 25 is a view showing the back light of the direct mode Assembly perspective view of the structure of the device. A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is arranged directly below the liquid crystal panel 11, and the outer periphery of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is covered with a reflector 3 6, and each cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is focused by a reflector 3 6. The light is used to reduce the uneven brightness of the light curtains arranged between the cold cathode fluorescent lamps 1 and the liquid crystal panel, and the diffuser plate 3 5 to radiate the light to the liquid crystal panel 11. As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 26, in the direct-lighting type backlight device, the long-diameter of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is also arranged to face the light-incident surface of the diffuser plate 3 5. Specifically, the long-diameter surface of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is arranged approximately parallel to the light-incident surface of the diffuser plate 35. As an example, the diffusion plate 35 is 163 in length. 5mm, while the depth is 90mm. As shown in the figure, when a plurality of cold cathode fluorescent lamps are used, if the distance between the lamps is made 0 mm, it is not necessary to diffuse the direct light emitted by each cold cathode fluorescent lamp, and it can be directly used as a surface light source. The shorter the distance between the cold-cathode fluorescent lamps, the better. If the distance between the lamps is 50 mm or more, reducing the overall brightness of the light-emitting surface and increasing the brightness unevenness. Therefore, the distance between the cold-cathode fluorescent lamps is most suitable to be in a range of 0 to 50 mm. Also, in both the edge lamp type and the direct type, when a plurality of cold cathode fluorescent lamps are used, the flatness ratio of each cold cathode fluorescent lamp is set so that the light distribution characteristics of the light emitted by each cold cathode fluorescent lamp become uniform. Therefore, each cold-cathode fluorescent lamp has the same flatness or non-flatness depending on the disposition position, but the orientation -22- 200535524 (20) has uniform characteristics, which can further improve the luminous efficiency. In the following, with respect to the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of the edge lamp type, Example 1 in which the short-diameter direction of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 having a flat cross-sectional shape is directed toward the light emitting direction of the lamp, Comparative Example 1 of a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp was used to compare the panel luminance efficiency. As shown in the axial sectional view of Fig. 27 (a) and the radial side view of the same figure (b), the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 61 used in Comparative Example 1 is used except that # is used as the glass tube 62 The cross-sectional shape is a true circle, and the electrodes 63a, 63b have the same configuration as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 except that a cross-sectional shape is used. As shown in the graph in Fig. 28, it was confirmed that the brightness of the plate surface was improved in Example 1 compared with Comparative Example 1. For example, when the power consumption is 5 W, the height of the plate surface of Example 1 is increased by 8. compared with that of Comparative Example 1. 5%. This is a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp with a true circular cross-section. The column of sunlight that occurs inside the lamp diffuses uniformly in the circumferential direction, and the flat-cold cold-cathode fluorescent lamp with a cross-section shape ®. It does not spread uniformly, and the short-length direction of the sunlight column shrinks. Therefore, the ultraviolet intensity per unit area of the phosphor irradiated on the inner wall of the lamp by the short-length direction is increased, and the height is greatly increased. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape can be efficiently used by using at least the surface in the direction of the lamp axis of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 1 defined by the long and short diameters as the light emitting surface. High-brightness light in the short axis direction can increase brightness. According to this embodiment, in the edge-light type backlight device, the long diameter of the cold-23-200535524 (21) cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is oppositely arranged to the light-incident surface of the light guide plate 15 to be efficient. Use the light in the short-axis direction to increase the brightness. In this embodiment, in the direct-light type backlight device, the long-diameter of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is arranged opposite to the incident light surface of the diffuser plate 35, and the short-axis direction can be efficiently used. Light while increasing brightness. According to this embodiment, by setting the distance between the cold cathode fluorescent lamps in the direct mode as a range of 0 to 50 mm, it is not necessary to diffuse the direct light emitted by each cold cathode fluorescent lamp 1 Φ, and it is not necessary to use The cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 1 arranged in parallel with the diffusion liquid are still used as surface light sources. According to this embodiment, the light distribution characteristics of the light emitted from each cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 are set uniformly, and the light in the short-axis direction can be used more efficiently. In the present embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp 1 is made flat, but it is not limited to this, but it may be determined to use at least the shape prescribed by the major and minor diameters. For example, an oval shape may be used. ® In addition to the straight tube shape, the glass tube 2 can be bent into an L-shape or a U-shape at the center. As the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp, a type in which mercury is not sealed in the glass tube or an external electrode type in which electrodes are provided outside the glass tube may be used. Further, in the edge lamp type of the present embodiment, the cold cathode fluorescent lamps are arranged at opposite ends of the light guide plate 15, but are not limited to this. For example, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp may be arranged only on one side of the light guide plate. A cold cathode fluorescent lamp may be arranged at the end of the light guide plate 15 to form an L-shape and a C-shape. -24- 200535524 (22) Ninth Embodiment In the ninth embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp is formed into a flat or elliptical shape using at least the major and minor diameters. In such a cold cathode fluorescent lamp having a cross-sectional shape, for example, a glass tube having a flat cross-section is provided with a true-round electrode inside the glass tube, but compared with a case where the cross-sectional shape is a true-round glass tube, The electrode size is relatively smaller for the glass tube, so the lamp voltage becomes higher and the power consumption becomes larger. In this embodiment, a description is given of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp that can reduce the lamp voltage and suppress the increase in power consumption even with a flat or oval cross-sectional shape. To reduce the lamp voltage, the cathode voltage drop must be reduced. As a method of reducing the cathode voltage drop, there are increasing the discharge surface area of the electrode or changing the material. As described above, in this embodiment, first, the cross-sectional shape of the electrode is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the glass tube to increase the surface area of the electrode. Figure 29 (a) is a sectional view showing the configuration of the end portion of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp according to this embodiment; the same figure (b) is a sectional view showing its radial direction. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp in the figure uses an oval glass tube 12 in cross section, and the cross-sectional shapes of the electrodes 1 3 a and 1 3 b arranged inside both ends of the glass tube 12 are made oval. Make up. The other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 1, and thus duplicated explanations are omitted. Here, as an example, let the short diameter of the ellipse be 1. 6mm, long diameter is 3. 0 mm, the length of the glass tube 12 is 190 mm. For the electrodes 13a and 13b, a bottomed cylinder having a short diameter of 1.3 mm and a long diameter of 2.1 mm was used. Conductive wires 4 a and 4 b are connected to the outer surface of the bottom, respectively. The electrodes 1 3 a and 1 3 b are made of nickel (N i). Inside the glass tube 12, a mixed gas of neon and argon and mercury were sealed. A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp having such a structure was used as the second embodiment. In this regard, the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of Comparative Example 2 is an end cross-sectional view as shown in FIG. 30 (a), and as shown in the radial cross-sectional view as shown in (b), the cross-sectional shape is oval. The glass tube 12 has a structure in which internal electrodes 23a, 23b having a cross-sectional shape # of a true circular shape are arranged inside both ends of the glass tube 12. The outer diameter of the electrodes 23a, 23b is 1. 3mm. The other structures are the same as those of the second embodiment. As shown in the graph in FIG. 31, in Example 2, it was confirmed that in Comparative Example 2, the lamp voltage could be reduced. In this embodiment, the material of the electrodes 1 3 a and 1 3 b is changed to reduce the cathode voltage drop. Specifically, in order to reduce the lamp voltage, Ni, Mo, Nb, Ta, and the like having a low work function are used as materials of the electrodes 13a, 13b. Here, in the configuration of the second embodiment, Mo is used as the material of the electrodes 1 3 a and 1 3 b • as the third embodiment. In this embodiment, as shown in the end sectional view of Fig. 3 2 (a), as shown in the radial sectional view of Fig. (B), the surfaces of the electrodes 13a, 13b are coated with an electron radioactive material 6, Can reduce the cathode voltage drop. The electron emitting substance 6 is prepared and applied to both the outer surface and the inner surface of the bottomed cylindrical electrodes 1 3a, 1 3b. As the electron radioactive material 6, for example, absolute (C e) ° was used. As shown in the graph in FIG. 33, Ni in Example 2 was changed to Example 3 in which the work function was lowered, and it was confirmed that the lamp voltage became It is lower than that of Example 26-200535524 (24) in Example 2. Furthermore, in Example 4 in which Ce was applied to the surface of the electrodes 1 3 a '1 3 b, it was confirmed that the lamp voltage was significantly reduced. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the electrodes 1 3 a, 1 3 b arranged inside the glass tube and the cross-sectional shape of the glass tube can increase the electrode surface area, reduce the cathode voltage drop, and reduce the lamp voltage. , And can suppress increased power consumption. According to this embodiment, the use of low-work-function Ni, Mo, Nb, Ta, and the like for the materials of the electrodes 1 3 a and 1 3 b can reduce the lamp voltage and suppress the increase in power consumption. According to this embodiment, by coating the surfaces of the electrodes 1 3 a, 1 3 b with the electron radioactive material 6, the lamp voltage can be further reduced, and the increase in power consumption can be suppressed. In the present embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the glass tube is elliptical. Therefore, the cross-sectional shape of the electrode arranged inside the glass tube is elliptical, but it is not necessarily limited to this. For example, as shown in the end sectional view of Figure 3 4 (a), as shown in the radial sectional view of (b), when a flat-shaped glass tube is used in the cross-sectional shape, the electrode placed inside it The cross-sectional shapes of 3 3 a and 3 3 b are flat. In this manner, the cross-sectional shape of the electrode was matched to the cross-sectional shape of the glass tube. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp described in this embodiment is a both-side backlight device applicable to the edge lamp type and the direct type of the first embodiment. Tenth Embodiment In this embodiment, several different examples of the cross-sectional shape of a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp defined by at least the long diameter and the short diameter will be described. For each cold cathode-27- 200535524 (25) The basic structure of a fluorescent lamp is the same as that described in each of the above embodiments. The cross-sectional shape of the glass tube is determined by using at least the long and short diameters. The diameter is 1. 2 ~ 1 4. 0 m m range, the short diameter is 0. 7 ~ 1 0. The range of 0 m m, and the gas sealing pressure is 6. 5 ~ 16. OkPa range. Other descriptions are omitted and only the differences are described. In the first example, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIGS. 3 and 5, the glass tube 22 has a substantially flat cross-sectional shape and a flat surface on the surface. • This shape also uses at least the long diameter. With the short path. In the second example, as viewed from the front side of Fig. 3 (a), the axial sectional view is the same as the radial side view of Fig. (B) and the radial section of the glass pipe of Fig. (C). As shown in the figure and the cross-sectional view in the axial direction viewed from the upper part of the same figure (d), the cross-sectional shape of the portion where the electrodes 3a, 3b of the glass tube 32 are arranged is a true circle, and is sandwiched only The cross-sectional shape of the central portion between the electrodes is an ellipse. As an example, let the length of the glass tube 32 be 200 mm, and the distance between the electrodes be 190 mm. Let the inner diameter of the true circle part be 2. 4mm (outer diameter is 3mm). Let the short diameter of the ellipse be 1. 6mm, with the long diameter as 3. 0mm. A cold cathode fluorescent lamp described in Fig. 36 was used as Example 5, a glass tube was used as a straight tube, and its cross-sectional shape was a perfectly round cold cathode fluorescent lamp as Comparative Example 3. In Comparative Example 3, the inner diameter of the glass tube 32 was taken as 2. 4mm (outer diameter is 3mm), the length is 200mm, and the distance between the electrodes is 1,90mm. In Example 5 and Comparative Example 3, the lamp current was taken as 5 μm A. As shown in the table in FIG. 37, Example 5 confirmed that for comparison -28- 200535524 (26) Example 3 improved the brightness 9 · 2 ° / 〇, and increase 9. 7%. In the third example, as shown in the axial direction side view of FIG. 38 (a), the radial side view of FIG. (B), and the cross-sectional view of the glass tube of FIG. (C), as shown in FIG. The tube 42 is formed to have two or more cross-sectional shapes. Fig. 22 shows a configuration in which the cross-sectional shape of the glass tube 42 is an ellipse having a long diameter in the horizontal direction, and based on this shape, a part of the ellipse has a long diameter in the vertical direction. Φ The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of each example described in this embodiment is applicable to both the edge-light type and the direct-type backlight device of the first embodiment. First Embodiment As described above, a cold cathode fluorescent lamp having a cross-sectional shape of a glass tube defined by a so-called flat or elliptical long and short diameters is a column of sunlight spreading unevenly, and a column of sunlight in a short diameter direction There is a tendency to be shrunk, so the intensity of ultraviolet rays per unit area of the phosphor irradiated in the short-diameter direction becomes stronger and the brightness is greatly improved. Therefore, in such a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, the luminance distribution in the circumferential direction is different. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 26, when the long-diameter surface of the plurality of cold cathode fluorescent lamps 1 is set to be approximately parallel to the incident light surface of the diffuser plate 35, the number of cold cathode fluorescent lamps 1 can be increased. The light directly incident on the diffuser plate 3 5 has uneven brightness on the plate surface. In this embodiment, a description will be given of a device for changing the setting of a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp to reduce the brightness unevenness of the above-mentioned backlight -29- 200535524 (27) again. The production of each of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamps 1 used below is the same as that described with reference to Fig. 21. Fig. 39 is a cross-sectional view showing a first back-lighting device according to this embodiment. This backlight unit has a configuration in which at least one or more cooling lamps are provided with a surface in the longitudinal direction parallel to the incident light surface of the diffuser plate at an angle parallel to the incident light surface of the diffuser plate. In the same picture, 'as an example' shows the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 1, the flat shape of the long diameter direction facing # the incident light surface is set from the central part to the left and right three lights toward the diameter + 45 degrees or one 45 degrees. Fig. 40 is a cross-sectional view showing a second back light package of this embodiment. This backlight device is for a light lamp disposed at an end portion, and a surface provided with a growth direction is inclined to the incident light of the diffuser plate by +45 degrees or -45 degrees, and is targeted at a cathode fluorescent lamp provided at an end portion. A structure in which the surface in the growth direction is parallel to the diffusion plate is provided. • Fig. 41 is a cross-sectional view showing a third back light package according to this embodiment. This backlight unit has a structure in which extremely flat fluorescent lamps are provided. Here, as an example, it is shown that the flattening ratio of 0% (true circle) is arranged symmetrically from the rear central portion to the central portion: (long diameter 3. 0mm, short diameter 1. 6mm), the fan rate is 63 ° /. (Long, short diameter 1. 2 mm) cold cathode fluorescent lamp. Fig. 42 is a cross-sectional view showing a fourth back light package of this embodiment. This backlight device is a structure in which a plurality of cold-cathode fluorescent lamps having a cross-sectional shape of a glass tube are provided. In the same figure, as an example, the structure of the cathode fluorescent light is not a structure in which the 6 lamps are tilted in the direction of the diffuser. The structure of the cold cathode fluorescent light is a plurality of cold-injection devices. The median p-rate is 4 7% and the diameter is 3. The shape of the 2 m m set is different, on the back -30-
200535524 (28) 光裝置的端部設置光擴散特性優異的斷面形 冷陰極螢光燈，而在其內側設置斷面形狀呈 極螢光燈，又在中央部設置可得到最局売度 形狀的冷陰極螢光燈的構成。200535524 (28) A cross-section cold-cathode fluorescent lamp with excellent light diffusion characteristics is provided at the end of the light device, and the cross-section shape is extremely fluorescent at the inner side, and the most local shape can be obtained at the center. Of a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp.
第4 3圖是表示本實施形態的背面光裝濯 分布的圖式。同圖（a) ， （b) ， （d)是分S ，第2，第4的背面光裝置的亮度分布。 在此，針對於第1，第2，第4的背面为 形狀的冷陰極螢光燈，作成其長徑爲3.2mm， 的扁平率63 %的扁平形。又，針對於各冷陰極 玻璃管的長度作爲200mm，在玻璃管的兩端內 各冷陰極螢光燈，而在放電空間封入氖與氬的 水銀。各背面光裝置是將擴散板板面作爲 H 140mm的1 0英吋，作爲6燈規格。又，各冷 間的距離是作爲15mm。 第44圖是表示比較例的背面光裝置所致 的圖式。同圖（a )是針對於使用斷面形狀呈 支冷陰極螢光燈的背面光裝置的亮度分布；F 針對於將斷面形狀呈扁平形的6支冷陰極螢先 成長徑方向的面對於擴散板的射入光面成爲平 裝置的亮度分布。 在第43圖及第44圖中，在板面上取4〉 點，將最高亮度的點作爲1 〇〇%而將成爲低亮 點以其相對値表示。 呈橢圓形的 平形的冷陰 斷面呈四方 所致的亮度 I對應於第1 裝置的斷面 短徑 1.2 m m 螢光燈，將 部分別密封 混合氣體及 W 1 90mm x 陰極螢光燈 的亮度分布 真圓形的6 ]圖（b )是 燈全部設置 行的背面光 9點的測定 度的四隅的 -31 - 200535524 (29) 如此些圖所示地，本實施形態的玻璃管，是與比較例 者相比較確認可減低亮度不均勻。 第十二實施形態 在本實施形態中，說明將導電線密封於玻璃管端部之 際，不使用玻璃焊珠而直接密封的冷陰極螢光燈。第4 5 ( a )圖是表示本實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的構成的軸方向 φ 的俯視斷面圖；同圖（b )是表示其A — A部的徑方向斷 面圖；同圖（c )是表示軸方向的側視斷面圖；同圖（d ) 是表示其B-B部的徑方向斷面圖。 本冷陰極螢光燈是自玻璃管2的端至端爲相同形狀的 扁平形成橢圓形，而放電空間與玻璃管外形的斷面形狀爲 相同形狀者。在該玻璃管2的內壁面塗布有螢光體，而在 玻璃管2的兩端內部配置有一對冷陰極所成的電極3 a，3 b 。電極3a，3b是鎳（Ni )所成的平板電極，在電極3a， Φ 3b分別連接有導電線4a，4b。導電線4a，4b是藉由夾緊 密封法分別直接密封於玻璃管2的端部，固定電極3 a，3 b ，因時將自外部所供給的電力供給於電極3 a，3 b。在玻璃 管2的內部，作爲放電媒體，封入有氬，氖中至少一種稀 有氣體及水銀。 本冷陰極螢光燈是藉由夾緊密封法直接密封導電線4a ，4b與玻璃管2的端部的構成。該密封構造是可適用於使 用第1，1 4，1 5，1 8，1 9圖所說明的各該實施形態。 第4 6圖是表示將導電線4直接密封於玻璃管2端部 -32- 200535524 (30) 的工程的圖式。首先，全長都使用斷面形狀呈扁平形或橢 圓形的玻璃管2，於玻璃管2的兩端內部***電極3，而 以燃燒器等加熱成爲密封部分的玻璃管端部的側面。然後 使用鉗子工模45a，45b而藉由夾緊密封法直接密封導電 線4與玻璃管端部。然後，將密封的部分形成與玻璃管2 的中央部分同一斷面形狀。 第47圖是表示本冷陰極螢光燈的軸方向的亮度特性 φ 的圖表。實施例是將玻璃管2的斷面短徑作爲1.0mm，長 徑爲4.3mm，玻璃管2的長度爲200mm，玻璃管2的所有 斷面形狀作成扁平形，而導電線是藉由夾緊密封法直接密 封於玻璃管端部。比較例是基本上尺寸與實施例同樣，惟 將***玻璃管2的電極端部的斷面形狀作爲真圓形，將發 光部分的斷面形狀作爲扁平形。 由同圖的圓表，在實施例與比較例中，冷陰極螢光燈 的中央發光部分的亮度是不變，惟藉由夾緊密封法進行密 • 封，則無效發光長度變短，而端部的電極附近的亮度是確 認實施例者變較高。 因此，依照本實施形態，藉由夾緊密封法直接密封導 電線4與玻璃管2的端部，則可製作冷陰極螢光燈2自端 至端爲止斷面呈同一形狀的橢圓形成扁平形的冷陰極螢光 燈。由此，在組裝冷陰極螢光燈的背面光裝置可溶易地拉 出指向性。 第十二實施形態中，說明複覆於冷陰極螢光燈的玻璃 管內壁面的螢光體被膜的適當膜厚。本實施形態的冷陰極 -33- 200535524 (31) 螢光燈，是基本上與在上述各實施形態所說明的冷陰極螢 光燈同樣的構成’惟其特徵爲將長徑方向的螢光體被膜的 膜厚形成比短徑方向者還厚。 第48(a)圖是表示斷面形狀呈橢圓形的冷陰極螢光 燈的斷面圖；第48(b)圖是表示斷面形狀呈扁平狀的冷 陰極螢光燈的斷面圖。針對於兩者，形成於如申請專利範 圍2內壁面的螢光體被膜5，是長徑方向者形成比短徑方 # 向者還原。 朝長徑方向所擴散的紫外線是藉由螢光體被膜5轉換 成可見光之後被反射至玻璃管內。長徑方向的螢光體被膜 5形成較厚的情形，反射於玻璃管內的比率較高。該反射 的可見光是從膜厚較薄的短徑方向被放出至玻璃管外，因 此成爲短徑方向的亮度。 作爲一例，將玻璃管2作爲長度200mm，並將其斷面 作爲長徑4.1mm短徑1.5mm的橢圓形狀，於玻璃管2的 # 兩端內部配置冷陰極所構成的內部電極。在玻璃管管內作 爲放電媒體封入氬，氖，氙等至少一種稀氣體及水銀。在 實施例是將螢光體被膜5的長徑方向的厚度作成比短徑方 向還原，而在比較例是將螢光體被膜5作成均勻厚度。如 第49圖的圖表所示地，實施例是與比較例相比較確認了 燈電流爲6mA時的短徑方向的亮度提高5%以上。 上述螢光體被膜是並不被限定於一層者，而作成兩層 者也可以。第5 0圖是表示將螢光體被膜作爲兩層時的冷 陰極螢光燈的斷面圖，而在同圖（a)是表示斷面形狀呈 -34- 200535524 (32) 橢圓形者；同圖（b)是表示斷面形狀呈扁平形者。在第 50(a)圖中，直接形成於玻璃管2內壁面的螢光體被膜 5 a，是在長徑方向與短徑方向膜厚形成大約均勻，惟被形 成於螢光體被膜5a內壁面的螢光體被膜5b，是長徑方向 者形成比短徑方向的厚度還厚。第50(b)圖是玻璃管2 的橢圓形狀成爲扁平形，惟針對於螢光體被膜5 a與5 b的 關係是與第5 0 ( a )圖同樣。如此地即使將螢光體被膜作 # 成兩層時，將長徑方向的螢光體被膜形成比短徑方向還原 ，就可謀求提高短徑方向的亮度。 又，螢光體被膜是針對於第一層與第二層的雙方將長 徑方向形成比短徑方向還厚也可以。第51(a)圖是表示 此時的斷面形狀呈橢圓形的冷陰極螢光燈的斷面圖，第5 1 (b )圖是表示斷面形狀呈扁平形的冷陰極螢光燈的斷面 圖。 如此地，針對於螢光體被膜5 a與5 b的雙方，將長徑 • 方向者形成比短徑方向者還厚，就可謀求提高短徑方向的 亮度。 又，螢光體被膜是除了放出短徑方向的光的一側者之 外形成較厚也可以。第5 2 ( a )圖是表示此時的斷面形狀 呈橢圓形的冷陰極螢光燈的斷面圖；第52(b)圖是表示 斷面形狀呈扁平形的冷陰極螢光燈的斷面圖。如此地，除 了放出短徑方向的光的一側的螢光體被膜之外，將其他部 分的螢光體被膜形成較厚’就可使得放出光的一側的螢光 體被膜作用作爲開口部（孔徑），而可謀求提高短徑方向 -35- 200535524 (33) 的売度。 第5 5圖是表示螢光體被膜的膜厚與反射亮度的相對 値的關係圖表。如同圖所示地，長徑方向的螢光體被膜是 使用膜密度較高且反射效果較高的小粒子螢光體時，則反 射亮度在膜厚20 // m達到飽和點。因此，爲了增加反射光 的比率而提高短徑方向的亮度，將長徑方向的螢光體被膜 作成20 // m以上的膜厚較理想。 # 又，短徑方向的螢光體被膜是使用膜密度較低且透射 效率較高的大粒子螢光體時，則反射亮度在膜厚3 0 // m達 到飽和點。因此，爲了增加透射光的比率，將短徑方向的 螢光體被膜作成3 0 // m以下的膜厚較理想。 因此，依照本實施形態，將長徑方向的螢光體被膜形 成比短徑方向者還原，使得擴散至長徑方向的紫外線藉由 螢光體被膜5被轉換成可見光而被反射的比率變高，該被 反射的可見光從膜厚較薄的短徑方向被放出至玻璃管外之 • 故，因而可提高短徑方向的亮度。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1 ( a )圖是表示第一實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的構 成的軸方向的俯視斷面圖；第1 ( b )圖是表示其A — A部 的徑方向斷面圖；第1 ( c )圖是表示軸方向的側視斷面圖 ;第1(d)圖是表示其B - B部的徑方向斷面圖。 第2圖是表示變更扁平率時的相對全光束的圖表。 第3圖是表示針對於長徑與短徑發生擴散陽光柱的範 -36- 200535524 (34) 圍的圖表。 第4圖是表示陽光柱的擴散狀態的圖式；第4 ( a )圖 是表示比較例；第4 ( b )圖是表示實施例的長徑側；第4 (c )圖是表示實施例的短徑側。 第5圖是表示針對於將冷陰極螢光燈適用於邊緣式背 面光時的長徑與短徑發生擴散陽光柱的範圍的圖表。 第6圖是表示針對於將冷陰極螢光燈適用於正下方式 Φ 背面光時的長徑與短徑發生擴散陽光柱的範圍的圖表。 第7圖是表示將實施例的冷陰極螢光燈組裝於正下方 式背面光裝置時的耗電與板面亮度的關係圖表。 第8 ( a )圖是表示第二實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的構 成的軸方向的側視斷面圖；第8 ( b )圖是表示其A — A部 的徑方向斷面圖；第8(c)圖是表示B - B部的徑方向斷 面圖；第8(d)圖是表示軸方向的俯視斷面圖。 第9 ( a )圖是表示第二實施形態的另外冷陰極螢光燈 • 的構成的軸方向的側視斷面圖；第9 ( b )圖是表示其A — A部的徑方向斷面圖；第9(c)圖是表示其B— B部的徑 方向斷面圖；第9(d)圖是表示軸方向的俯視斷面圖。 第1 0 ( a )圖是表示第三實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的 構成的軸方向的側視斷面圖；第1 〇 ( b )圖是表示徑方向 斷面圖。 第1 1圖是表示將第三實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈組裝 於正下方式背面光裝置時的構成的斷面圖。 第1 2圖是表示將組裝比較例的冷陰極螢光燈的背面 -37- 200535524 (35) 光裝置的構成的斷面圖。 第1 3 ( a )圖是表示將第三實施形態的另外冷陰極螢 光燈的構成的軸方向的側視斷面圖；第1 3 ( b )圖是表示 徑方向斷面圖。 第1 4 ( a )圖是表示第四實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的 構成的軸方向的俯視斷面圖；第14(b)圖是表示其A-A部的徑方向斷面圖；第1 4 ( c )圖是表示軸方向的側視 # 斷面圖；第14(d)圖是表示其B— B部的徑方向斷面圖 〇 第1 5 ( a )圖是表示第五實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的 構成的軸方向的俯視斷面圖；第15(b)圖是表示其A — A部的徑方向斷面圖；第1 5 ( c )圖是表示軸方向的側視 斷面圖；第15(d)圖是表示其B - B部的徑方向斷面圖 〇 第1 6 ( a )圖是表示第六實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的 • 構成的軸方向的俯視斷面圖；第1 6 ( b )圖是表示其側視 斷面圖。 第1 7圖是表示第七實施形態的第1冷陰極螢光燈的 構成的軸方向的側視斷面圖。 第18(a)圖是表示第七實施形態的第2冷陰極螢光 燈的構成的軸方向的俯視斷面圖；第1 8 ( b )圖是表示軸 方向側視斷面圖。 第1 9 ( a )圖是表示比較側的冷陰極螢光燈的構成的 軸方向的俯視斷面圖；第1 9 ( b )圖是表示軸方向側視斷 -38- 200535524 (36) 面圖。 第20 ( a)圖是表示第七實施形態的: 燈的構成的軸方向的側視斷面圖；第20 方向側視斷面圖。 第21 (a)圖是表示使用於第一實施 置的冷陰極螢光燈的構成的軸方向斷面圖 是表示同圖21 (a)的X— X部分的徑方向 # 第22圖是表示第八實施形態的邊緣 的構成的裝配立體圖。 第23圖是表示上述邊緣燈式背面光 面圖。 第24圖是表示另外邊緣燈式背面光 面圖。 第2 5圖是表示第八實施形態的正下 的構成的裝配立體圖。 ® 第26圖是表示上述正下方式背面光 面圖。 第27(a)圖是表示比較例1的冷陰 的軸方向的斷面圖，第27(b)圖是表示 〇 第2 8圖是表示針對於實施例1與比 板面亮度的關係圖表。 第29 ( a)圖是表示第九實施形態的 部的構成的斷面圖；第29(b)圖是表示 _ 3冷陰極螢光 〔b )圖是表示徑 形態的背面光裝 ;第21 ( b )圖 斷面圖。 燈式背面光裝置 裝置的構成的斷 裝置的構成的斷 方式背面光裝置 裝置的構成的斷 極螢光燈的構成 其徑方向斷面圖 狡例1的耗電與 冷陰極螢光燈端 其徑方向斷面圖 -39· 200535524 (37) 第30(a)圖是表示比較例2的冷陰極螢 構成的斷面圖，第30(b)圖是表示其徑方向圓 第3 1圖是表示針對於實施例2與比較例 與燈電壓的關係圖表。 第32(a)圖是表示第九實施形態的另外 燈的構成的斷面圖；第3 2 ( b )圖是表示其徑 〇 第3 3圖是表示針對於實施例2 ’ 3 ’ 4的 電壓的關係圖表。 第3 4 ( a )圖是表示第九實施形態的另外 燈端部的構成的軸斷面圖；第3 4 ( b )圖是表 斷面圖。 第3 5圖是表示第十實施形態的另外冷陰 玻璃管形狀的斷面圖。 第36(a)圖是表示從正面觀看第三實施 冷陰極螢光燈的構成的軸方向斷面圖；第3 6丨 徑方向側面圖；第3 6 ( c )圖是表示第3 6 ( a ) 部的玻璃管的斷面圖；第3 6 ( d )圖是表示從 軸方向斷面圖。 第3 7圖是表示針對於實施例5與比較例 全光束的表。 第3 8 ( a )圖是表示第三實施形態的另一 燈的構成的軸方向的側視斷面圖，第38(b) 光燈端部的 〒面圖。 1的燈電流 冷陰極螢光 方向斷面圖 燈電流與燈 冷陰極螢光 示其徑方向 極螢光燈的 形態的又一 :b )圖表示 圖的 A — A 上方觀看的 3的亮度與 冷陰極螢光 圖是表不其 -40- 200535524 (38) 徑方向斷面圖。第38(c)圖是表不第38(a)圖的B—B 部的玻璃管的斷面圖。 第39圖是表示第Η--*實施形態的第1背面光裝置的 構成的斷面圖。 第40圖是表示第i——實施形態的第2背面光裝置的 構成的斷面圖。 第41圖是表示第Η——實施形態的第3背面光裝置的 # 構成的斷面圖。 第42圖是表示第十一實施形態的第4背面光裝置的 構成的斷面圖。 第4 3圖是表示針對於第Ί--實施形態的各背面光裝 置的板面亮度分布的圖式；第43(a) ，（b) ’ （c)， (d)是表示分別對應於第1，第2，第3，第4背面光裝 置。 第4 4圖是表示針對於比較例的背面光裝置的板面亮 ® 度分布的圖式。 第4 5 ( a )圖是表示第十二實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈 的構成的軸方向的俯視斷面圖；第4 5 ( b )圖是表示其A 一 A部的徑方向斷面圖；第4 5 ( c )圖是表示軸方向的側 視斷面圖；第 45(d)圖是表示其B - B部的徑方向斷面 圖。 第4 6圖是表示將導電線直接密封於玻璃管端部的工 程的圖式。 第4 7圖是表示第十二實施形態的冷陰極螢光燈的軸 41 - 200535524 (39) 方向亮度特性的圖表。 第48(a)圖是表示針對於螢光體被膜將長徑方向者 形成比短徑方向還厚時的斷面形狀呈橢圓形的冷陰極螢光 燈的斷面圖；第48(b)圖是表示相同情形的斷面形狀呈 扁平形的冷陰極螢光燈的斷面圖。 第49圖是表示針對於實施例與比較例的燈電流與亮 度的關係圖表。 # 第50圖是表示將螢光體被膜作爲兩層時的冷陰極螢 光燈的斷面圖；第50(a)圖是表示斷面形狀呈橢圓形的 冷陰極螢光燈；第50(b)圖是表示斷面形狀呈扁平形的 冷陰極螢光燈。 第51圖是表示針對於螢光體被膜的第1層與第2層 將長徑方向者形成比短徑方向還原時的冷陰極螢光燈的斷 面圖；第51 (a)圖是表示斷面形狀呈橢圓形的冷陰極螢 光燈；第5 1 ( b )圖是表示斷面形狀呈扁平形的冷陰極螢 籲光燈。 第52圖是表示針對於螢光體被膜除了放出短徑方向 的光的一側者之外形成較厚時的冷陰極螢光燈的斷面圖； 第5 2 ( a )圖是表示斷面形狀呈橢圓形的冷陰極螢光燈； 第52 ( b )圖是表示斷面形狀呈扁平形的冷陰極螢光燈。 第53圖是表示螢光體被膜的膜厚與反射亮度的相對 値關係圖表。 第54圖是表示習知的扁平型冷陰極螢光燈的構成的 立體圖。 -42- 200535524 (40) 第5 5圖是表示習知的大型冷陰極螢光燈的構成的立 體圖。 【主要元件之符號說明】 1 :冷陰極螢光燈 2， 12， 22， 32， 42:玻璃管 3 a，3 b :電極 φ 4 a，4 b :導電線 5 :螢光體 6 :電子放射性物質 1 1 :液晶面板 1 3 a，1 3 b :電極 14a ， 14b ， 36 :反射鏡 1 5 :導光板 1 6 :聚光薄板 23a， 23b， 33a， 33b:電極 3 5 :擴散板 -43-Fig. 4 and Fig. 3 are diagrams showing the distribution of the back light decoration in this embodiment. (A), (b), and (d) are the brightness distributions of the second, fourth, and fourth back light devices in the same figure. Here, for the first, second, and fourth cold-cathode fluorescent lamps having a shape on the back surface, a flat shape having a length of 3.2 mm and a flatness ratio of 63% was made. The length of each cold-cathode glass tube is 200 mm. Cold-cathode fluorescent lamps are placed at both ends of the glass tube, and mercury in neon and argon is enclosed in the discharge space. Each backlight device has a diffuser plate surface of 10 inches H 140mm and 6 lamp specifications. The distance between the cooling units is 15 mm. Fig. 44 is a diagram showing a backlight device according to a comparative example. The same figure (a) is for the brightness distribution of a backlight device using a cross-sectional shape of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp; F is for the surface of the six cold cathode fluorescents whose cross-section is flat in the growth direction. The incident light surface of the diffuser plate becomes the brightness distribution of the flat device. In Figs. 43 and 44, 4> points are taken on the surface of the board, and the point with the highest brightness is taken as 100%, and the low-light point is represented by its relative value. The brightness I due to the rectangular shape of the cold-yin section with an oval shape corresponds to the cross section of the first device. The short diameter 1.2 mm fluorescent lamp is sealed with a mixture of gas and W 1 90mm x cathode fluorescent lamp. 6] Figure (b) of the true circular distribution. Figure 4 (b) shows the measurement of 9 o'clock on the back light of all the lamp installation rows. -31-200535524 (29) As shown in these figures, the glass tube of this embodiment is similar to It was confirmed by the comparative example that unevenness in brightness can be reduced. Twelfth Embodiment In this embodiment, a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp that is directly sealed without using glass beads when the conductive wire is sealed at the end of the glass tube will be described. Fig. 45 (a) is a plan sectional view showing the configuration of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of the present embodiment in the axial direction φ; the same figure (b) is a sectional view showing the radial direction of part A-A; Figure (c) is a side sectional view showing the axial direction; and (d) is a radial sectional view showing the BB portion thereof. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp has a flat shape and an oval shape from end to end of the glass tube 2, and the discharge space has the same shape as the cross-sectional shape of the outer shape of the glass tube. An inner wall surface of the glass tube 2 is coated with a phosphor, and electrodes 3 a and 3 b formed by a pair of cold cathodes are disposed inside both ends of the glass tube 2. The electrodes 3a and 3b are flat electrodes made of nickel (Ni), and conductive wires 4a and 4b are connected to the electrodes 3a and Φ 3b, respectively. The conductive wires 4a and 4b are directly sealed to the ends of the glass tube 2 respectively by the clamping and sealing method, and the electrodes 3a and 3b are fixed. Therefore, the electric power supplied from the outside is supplied to the electrodes 3a and 3b. Inside the glass tube 2, as a discharge medium, at least one of a rare gas and mercury of argon and neon is enclosed. The cold-cathode fluorescent lamp is configured by directly sealing the conductive wires 4a, 4b and the ends of the glass tube 2 by a pinch seal method. This seal structure is applicable to each of the embodiments described with reference to Figs. 1, 14, 15, 15, 18 and 19. Fig. 46 is a drawing showing a process of directly sealing the conductive wire 4 to the end of the glass tube 2 -32- 200535524 (30). First, a flat or elliptical glass tube 2 is used for the entire length. Electrodes 3 are inserted into both ends of the glass tube 2 and the sides of the end of the glass tube which becomes a sealed portion are heated by a burner or the like. Then, the pliers die 45a, 45b are used to directly seal the conductive wire 4 and the end of the glass tube by the pinch sealing method. Then, the sealed portion is formed into the same cross-sectional shape as the central portion of the glass tube 2. Fig. 47 is a graph showing the luminance characteristics φ in the axial direction of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp. In the embodiment, the short diameter of the cross section of the glass tube 2 is 1.0 mm, the long diameter is 4.3 mm, the length of the glass tube 2 is 200 mm, the shape of all the cross sections of the glass tube 2 is made flat, and the conductive wire is clamped by The sealing method is directly sealed at the end of the glass tube. The comparative example is basically the same in size as the example, except that the cross-sectional shape of the electrode end portion inserted into the glass tube 2 is a true circle, and the cross-sectional shape of the light-emitting portion is a flat shape. From the circular table in the same figure, in the examples and comparative examples, the brightness of the central light-emitting part of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp is constant. The brightness in the vicinity of the electrode at the end is higher in those who confirmed the example. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the ends of the conductive wire 4 and the glass tube 2 are directly sealed by the pinch sealing method, and an ellipse with the same shape in section from end to end of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp 2 can be produced to form a flat shape. Cold cathode fluorescent lamp. As a result, the directivity can be easily drawn out of the backlight device of the assembled cold cathode fluorescent lamp. In the twelfth embodiment, an appropriate film thickness of the phosphor film coated on the inner wall surface of the glass tube of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp will be described. The cold cathode-33-200535524 (31) fluorescent lamp of this embodiment has a structure basically the same as that of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp described in each of the above embodiments, but is characterized in that a fluorescent film is coated in the major axis direction. The film thickness is larger than that in the short diameter direction. Fig. 48 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp having an elliptical cross-sectional shape; Fig. 48 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp having a flat cross-sectional shape. For both of them, the phosphor film 5 formed on the inner wall surface of the patent application range 2 is reduced in the direction of the longer diameter direction than the direction of the shorter direction # direction. The ultraviolet rays diffused in the long axis direction are converted into visible light by the phosphor film 5 and then reflected into the glass tube. In the case where the phosphor film 5 in the longitudinal direction is thick, the reflection ratio in the glass tube is high. The reflected visible light is emitted to the outside of the glass tube from the short-diameter direction with a thin film thickness, and thus has brightness in the short-diameter direction. As an example, the glass tube 2 has an oval shape with a length of 200 mm and a cross section of an oval shape with a long diameter of 4.1 mm and a short diameter of 1.5 mm. An internal electrode composed of a cold cathode is arranged inside the # ends of the glass tube 2. At least one kind of dilute gas such as argon, neon, xenon, and mercury is sealed in the glass tube as a discharge medium. In the embodiment, the thickness of the phosphor film 5 in the major axis direction is reduced compared to the thickness in the minor axis direction, and in the comparative example, the phosphor film 5 is uniform thickness. As shown in the graph in Fig. 49, in the example, it was confirmed that the brightness in the short-axis direction when the lamp current was 6 mA was improved by 5% or more in comparison with the comparative example. The phosphor film is not limited to one layer, and two layers may be used. Figure 50 is a cross-sectional view of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp when the phosphor film is used as two layers, and in the same figure (a), the cross-sectional shape is -34- 200535524 (32) oval; The same figure (b) shows that the cross-sectional shape is flat. In FIG. 50 (a), the phosphor film 5a formed directly on the inner wall surface of the glass tube 2 is formed approximately uniformly in the long-axis direction and the short-axis direction, but is formed in the phosphor film 5a. The phosphor film 5b on the wall surface is formed to have a thickness greater than that in the short-axis direction in the long-axis direction. Fig. 50 (b) shows that the oval shape of the glass tube 2 is flat, but the relationship between the phosphor coatings 5a and 5b is the same as that of Fig. 50 (a). In this way, even when the phosphor film is formed into two layers, the formation of the phosphor film in the long axis direction is reduced compared to the short axis direction, and the brightness in the short axis direction can be improved. In addition, the phosphor film may be formed to be thicker in the major axis direction than the minor axis direction for both the first layer and the second layer. Fig. 51 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing a cold cathode fluorescent lamp having an elliptical cross-sectional shape at this time, and Fig. 51 (b) is a diagram showing a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp having a flat cross-sectional shape. Sectional view. In this way, for both the phosphor coatings 5 a and 5 b, the length in the long-axis direction is made thicker than that in the short-axis direction, and the brightness in the short-axis direction can be improved. In addition, the phosphor film may be formed thicker than the one emitting light in the short-axis direction. Figure 52 (a) is a sectional view showing a cold cathode fluorescent lamp with an elliptical cross-sectional shape at this time; Figure 52 (b) is a diagram showing a cold cathode fluorescent lamp with a flat cross-sectional shape at this time. Sectional view. In this way, in addition to the phosphor film on the side that emits light in the short-diameter direction, forming the phosphor film on the other part to be thicker can cause the phosphor film on the side that emits light to function as an opening. (Aperture), and it is possible to increase the degree of the short-axis direction -35- 200535524 (33). Fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the film thickness of the phosphor film and the relative brightness of the reflection brightness. As shown in the figure, when the long-direction phosphor coating is a small-particle phosphor with a high film density and a high reflection effect, the reflection brightness reaches a saturation point at a film thickness of 20 // m. Therefore, in order to increase the ratio of reflected light and increase the brightness in the short-axis direction, it is desirable to make the phosphor film in the long-axis direction to a film thickness of 20 // m or more. # When the short-diameter phosphor coating is a large-particle phosphor with low film density and high transmission efficiency, the reflection brightness reaches the saturation point at a film thickness of 3 0 // m. Therefore, in order to increase the ratio of transmitted light, it is desirable to make the phosphor film in the short-axis direction to a film thickness of 3 0 // m or less. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the formation of the phosphor film in the long-axis direction is reduced compared to the one in the short-axis direction, so that the ratio of ultraviolet rays diffused to the long-axis direction is converted into visible light by the phosphor film 5 and reflected. Since the reflected visible light is emitted from the short-axis direction with a thin film thickness to the outside of the glass tube, the brightness in the short-axis direction can be improved. [Brief description of the drawings] Fig. 1 (a) is a plan sectional view in the axial direction showing the configuration of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of the first embodiment; Fig. 1 (b) is a view showing the diameter of the A-A section. Directional sectional view; Fig. 1 (c) is a side sectional view showing the axial direction; Fig. 1 (d) is a radial sectional view showing the B-B portion thereof. FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relative full beam when the flattening ratio is changed. Fig. 3 is a graph showing the range of the range -36- 200535524 (34) for the long and short diameter diffused sunlight columns. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a diffusion state of a sunlight column; Fig. 4 (a) is a comparative example; Fig. 4 (b) is a long-diameter side of an embodiment; and Fig. 4 (c) is an embodiment Short diameter side. Fig. 5 is a graph showing a range in which the long axis and the short axis of the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp are diffused when a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp is applied to edge-type back light. Fig. 6 is a graph showing a range in which the long and short diameters of a column of sunlight diffuse when a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp is applied to the direct mode Φ in the back light. Fig. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between power consumption and panel brightness when the cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of the example is assembled in a direct type backlight device. Fig. 8 (a) is a side sectional view showing the structure of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp according to the second embodiment in the axial direction; Fig. 8 (b) is a sectional view showing the portion A-A in the radial direction; Fig. 8 (c) is a radial cross-sectional view showing the B-B portion; Fig. 8 (d) is a plan cross-sectional view showing the axial direction. Fig. 9 (a) is a side cross-sectional view showing the structure of another cold-cathode fluorescent lamp • according to the second embodiment in the axial direction; Fig. 9 (b) is a cross-sectional view in the radial direction showing the A-A part thereof Fig. 9 (c) is a cross-sectional view in the radial direction showing part B-B; Fig. 9 (d) is a plan cross-sectional view in the axial direction. Fig. 10 (a) is a side sectional view showing the structure of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp according to the third embodiment in the axial direction; Fig. 10 (b) is a sectional view showing the radial direction. Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration when a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp according to a third embodiment is assembled in a direct-light type backlight unit. Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a rear surface of a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp of the comparative example -37- 200535524 (35). Fig. 13 (a) is a side cross-sectional view showing the configuration of another cold-cathode fluorescent lamp according to the third embodiment in the axial direction, and Fig. 13 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the radial direction. Fig. 14 (a) is a plan sectional view in the axial direction showing the configuration of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp according to the fourth embodiment; Fig. 14 (b) is a sectional view in the radial direction showing the AA portion thereof; Fig. 4 (c) is a side view # cross-sectional view showing the axial direction; Fig. 14 (d) is a radial cross-sectional view showing part B-B. Fig. 15 (a) is a fifth embodiment A plan view of the structure of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp in the axial direction; FIG. 15 (b) is a cross-sectional view showing the A-A part in the radial direction; FIG. 15 (c) is a side view showing the axial direction A cross-sectional view; FIG. 15 (d) is a cross-sectional view showing the radial direction of the B-B part. FIG. 16 (a) is an axial direction showing the structure of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp of the sixth embodiment. Figure 16 (b) is a sectional view showing the side view. Fig. 17 is a side cross-sectional view showing the structure of a first cold cathode fluorescent lamp according to a seventh embodiment in the axial direction. Fig. 18 (a) is an axial cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a second cold cathode fluorescent lamp according to the seventh embodiment, and Fig. 18 (b) is an axial cross-sectional view. Fig. 19 (a) is an axial sectional view showing the configuration of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp on the comparison side, and Fig. 19 (b) is an -38- 200535524 (36) surface showing the axial direction of the side view. Illustration. Fig. 20 (a) shows a seventh embodiment: a side sectional view in the axial direction of the structure of the lamp; and a side sectional view in the 20th direction. Fig. 21 (a) is a sectional view in the axial direction showing the structure of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp used in the first embodiment. Fig. 22 is a view showing the radial direction of the X-X portion of Fig. 21 (a). An assembled perspective view of the configuration of the edge of the eighth embodiment. Fig. 23 is a back view of the edge lamp type. Fig. 24 is a back surface view showing another edge light type. Fig. 25 is an assembling perspective view showing the structure directly below the eighth embodiment. ® Fig. 26 is a back side glossy view showing the above direct mode. Fig. 27 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the cold shade of the comparative example 1 in the axial direction, and Fig. 27 (b) is a view. Fig. 28 is a graph showing the relationship between Example 1 and the specific surface brightness. . Fig. 29 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a part of the ninth embodiment; Fig. 29 (b) is a view showing _3 cold cathode fluorescent light (b) is a back light display showing a diameter form; (b) Figure sectional view. The structure of the lamp type backlight device device, the structure of the breaking device structure, the structure of the backlight device device, the structure of the polarized fluorescent lamp, the cross-sectional view of the radial direction, the power consumption of the first example, and the cold cathode fluorescent lamp. Sectional view in the radial direction-39 · 200535524 (37) Figure 30 (a) is a sectional view showing the cold cathode fluorescent structure of Comparative Example 2. Figure 30 (b) shows the radial circle. Figure 31 is A graph for the relationship between Example 2 and Comparative Examples and the lamp voltage is shown. Fig. 32 (a) is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of another lamp according to the ninth embodiment; Fig. 32 (b) is a view showing its diameter; Fig. 33 is a view showing a configuration for Example 2'3'4; Voltage relationship chart. Fig. 34 (a) is an axial sectional view showing the configuration of another lamp end portion according to the ninth embodiment; Fig. 34 (b) is a table sectional view. Fig. 35 is a cross-sectional view showing another shape of a cold cathode glass tube according to the tenth embodiment. Fig. 36 (a) is an axial sectional view showing the structure of the third embodiment of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp viewed from the front; Fig. 36 (a) is a side view in the radial direction; and Fig. 36 (c) is a view showing the 36th ( A) is a sectional view of the glass tube; Fig. 36 (d) is a sectional view taken from the axial direction. Fig. 37 is a table showing full beams for Example 5 and Comparative Example. Fig. 38 (a) is a side sectional view in the axial direction showing the structure of another lamp according to the third embodiment, and Fig. 38 (b) is a front view of the end portion of the lamp. 1 lamp current cold cathode fluorescent cross-sectional view lamp current and lamp cold cathode fluorescence show another shape of the radial fluorescent lamp in the radial direction: b) The figure shows the brightness of 3 and A viewed from above The cold cathode fluorescence chart is a cross-sectional view showing the -40-200535524 (38) diameter. Fig. 38 (c) is a sectional view showing the glass tube in part B-B of Fig. 38 (a). Fig. 39 is a sectional view showing the structure of a first backlight device according to the Η- * embodiments. Fig. 40 is a sectional view showing the configuration of a second back light device of the i-th embodiment. Fig. 41 is a sectional view showing the # configuration of the third backlight device of the third embodiment. Fig. 42 is a sectional view showing the structure of a fourth backlight device according to the eleventh embodiment. Fig. 43 is a diagram showing the brightness distribution on the surface of each back light device of the first embodiment-(43) (a), (b) '(c), (d) First, second, third, and fourth backlight devices. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a panel brightness distribution for the backlight device of the comparative example. Fig. 45 (a) is a plan sectional view showing the axial direction of the structure of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp of the twelfth embodiment; Fig. 45 (b) is a sectional view showing the radial direction of the A-A part Fig. 45 (c) is a side sectional view showing the axial direction; Fig. 45 (d) is a radial section view showing the B-B portion. Fig. 46 is a view showing a process of directly sealing a conductive wire to an end of a glass tube. Fig. 47 is a graph showing the luminance characteristics in the direction of the axis 41-200535524 (39) of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp of the twelfth embodiment. Fig. 48 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp having an elliptical cross-sectional shape when the long-axis direction is thicker than the short-axis direction for a phosphor film; Fig. 48 (b) The figure is a cross-sectional view showing a cold cathode fluorescent lamp having a flat cross-sectional shape in the same situation. Fig. 49 is a graph showing the relationship between the lamp current and the brightness for Examples and Comparative Examples. # Fig. 50 is a cross-sectional view of a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp when a phosphor film is used as two layers; Fig. 50 (a) is a cross-sectional view of a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp having an oval cross-sectional shape; b) The figure shows a cold cathode fluorescent lamp having a flat cross-sectional shape. Fig. 51 is a cross-sectional view showing a cold cathode fluorescent lamp when the first and second layers of the phosphor film are reduced in the long-diameter direction compared with the short-diameter direction; Fig. 51 (a) is a diagram showing The cold cathode fluorescent lamp with an elliptical cross-sectional shape; Figure 51 (b) shows a cold cathode fluorescent lamp with a flat cross-sectional shape. Fig. 52 is a cross-sectional view showing a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp when the phosphor film is thicker than the side emitting light in the short-axis direction; Fig. 52 (a) is a cross-sectional view An oval-shaped cold-cathode fluorescent lamp; Figure 52 (b) shows a cold-cathode fluorescent lamp with a flat cross-sectional shape. Fig. 53 is a graph showing the relative relationship between the film thickness of the phosphor film and the reflection brightness. Fig. 54 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional flat-type cold-cathode fluorescent lamp. -42- 200535524 (40) Fig. 55 is a perspective view showing the structure of a conventional large-scale cold-cathode fluorescent lamp. [Symbol description of main components] 1: cold cathode fluorescent lamp 2, 12, 22, 32, 42: glass tube 3 a, 3 b: electrode φ 4 a, 4 b: conductive wire 5: phosphor 6: electron Radioactive material 1 1: Liquid crystal panel 1 3 a, 1 3 b: Electrodes 14a, 14b, 36: Reflector 15: Light guide plate 16: Condensing sheet 23a, 23b, 33a, 33b: Electrode 3 5: Diffusion plate- 43-