200526386 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明相關於快速原型（Rapid Prototyping)的製程技術，涉及到設 備結構的獨特設計及創新的應用領域。 【先前技術】 從1988年第一台商業化的快速原型系統上市後，這項技術大幅改 善了傳統的模型製作過程’節省時間及金錢，在工業設計產業引起重 大的變革。時至今日已經開發出超過20種不同的快速原型系統，依照 其使用的成型材料種類不同一般可分為液態類、固態類及粉末類三種 大類別，其中市場佔有率較高的有：3DSystems，Inc•的SLA系統（液 態類）' Stratasys，Inc·的丽系統（固態類）、麵c〇rp〇rati〇n的 SLS系統（粉末類）等。相關的專利技術可參考扎s. pat. N〇 5, 340, 433、中華民國專利公告號00498834及00538843等之内容。目 前所有的快速原型系統都是藉由將3D模型切成z方向的平行薄片，利 用各自專利不同的成型方式將每一層2D平面連續堆疊結合，製作出3D 的模型。隨著物件的造型及大小不同，完成一個模型需要數小時到數 天不等，並且除了 Z Corporation的3DP系統（粉末類）之外，在製 作過程中無法替模型塗色。 快速原型的技術正快速地發展中，近年來在成型材料、製作速度 及模型體積上都持續在進步，各相關的研究機構及廠商不斷地提出新 的專利及改良。然而本創作的構想卻不是在做出更新、更快或更大的 快速原型機，而是應用這些現有的技術搭配一個旋轉2軸的特殊機器 結構來製作各種類似圓柱狀的物件，目的是要直接製作特定類別的產 口口（Production)’而不是用來服務一般工業設計上通用的原型製作 (Prototyping)的目的。 因為只針對製作以圓柱駐體的特定物件，所以可先以數控車床 加工-個核心材料，完成部分的模型後再以圓柱型的薄層堆疊出其餘 200526386 二於其他的快速原型系統’完成同樣大小的模型的時間可 同？利用目前已大量使用細^ 、'土、何纟堆豐的過程中直接在原型上喷 色階及解減都可以達到目㈣技術水平。 a色七 【發明内容】 快速原型系統的處理流程是先將所要成型物件的卻⑽祕！（一 般分為solid及surface兩種）轉換成三角網袼化模型，並使用 STL (StereoLithography) ^ ^ slicing)之運算求得原型物件製作的執跡路捏。然而因應快 作圓柱狀物件的需求，切層的方式需要作修改（流程見第—圖）。取^ 原來以z方向設定—個厚度值，在χ—γ平面—層層切割的方式，將z 方向心90度（稱為臥式）’並以ζ方向為軸心，一個設定的厚度值為 半徑而形成的圓柱面，等距離的增加半徑，將物件切割成—層層同轴 心的圓柱薄層，依據每一片薄層的外緣編譯出控制主軸旋轉及喷頭組 移動的指令。物件本身在ζ軸的旋轉以及喷頭組在χ—ζ平面上的 移動:每:個圓柱薄層就可以連續的堆疊在物件上而完成原型的製 ^。較小半徑的薄層位於物件_部，通常是—個_度封閉面的圓 柱體，這部分的物件可以先行以《車床加卫，製作出—個核心材料 後再利用快速原型的技術完成其餘的造型部分。 與物件表面相切較大半徑的薄層還會含有原型外觀顏色的資料， STL袼式播案並沒有包含顏色的資訊，所以與表面相切的薄層需參考原 本的3D CAD model _色資料而編譯出驅動喷印頭組的移動及喷色指 令。以三角形座標點描述立體物件的STL格式—直存在某些基本的問 題，近年來也有幾套新的格式被提出，但是還沒有能夠像肌格式一 樣被業界廣泛的接受及觀。舉凡能夠適合圓柱型的姆方法且能提 供物件顏色資料的3D格式，都可以被使用或發展來搭配本創作的需求。 如第二圖所示，本創作的主要結構設計是以一個Dc飼服馬達⑴ 驅動的旋轉主軸（Z軸）搭配-套夾頭及夾持治具⑵為中心，經過 200526386 床加工麵核心材料⑶關—财心點麟在旋轉主軸上。 方架設一組連結到供料單元⑷的噴頭⑸，以線性微 L^ίίί珠導螺桿（6)驅動使之在只平面上移動。喷頭組的二 二夕’、的旋轉搭配出物件周圍所有的立體座標位置，因而可以 在所需要的位置輸出成赌料來完成模型，見示意_三1在目前 2經發展出來的快速原型技術#巾，以_類的系統最適合搭配本創 的應用目的’特別是類似Stratasys，Inc.的麵系統及崎办贴， Inc·的MJM系統等。 在物件的側方架設-個壓電式喷印頭組⑺並連結到自動油墨供 應糸統，使用_的驅動方式使之在γ_ζ平面上移動，搭配旋轉的z 轴也同樣可以在原型表面的所有位置喷塗顏色。油墨—般分為油性 型、/合劑型及UV型等幾種，依據原型使用的材質不嗎擇適合的種類 使用。目前適合噴印在瓣、金狀玻璃特f上的油墨主要以單色 為主（黑、紅、黃、藍、白…），因此將各自連結不同顏色供墨系統的 喷印，組並排安裝在同一個驅動支架上，依需求喷印不同顏色的墨 水’就可以達成在原型上塗色的目的，結構見第四圖所示。當需要使 用的顏色很多時，可以使用另_個驅動支架來安裝更多时頭組，使 之在相切於Z細另-辦面鑛，只要雜兩個支架上的噴頭組在 運行中不會產生干涉即可。彩色喷墨列印技術使用藍、紅、黃三個原 色以不同的比例混合出各種顏色，當這種技術可以使用在塑膠或金屬 的表面時，本創作的支架結構及驅動程式可以較為簡化。因為壓電式 喷印具有不接觸被喷印物物體的特性，可以在原型的建構過程中同時 喷印顏色或#到原型完成後再行喷印。經由上述的過程，以圓柱為中 心主體的物體可以快速的製作出來且完成噴塗所需的顏色。 本創作所提出的機器結構與現有的快速成型系統最大的不同點有 下列： * 1·使用CNC車床作原型的預先加工。雖然兩個工序以上的加工方式都 有因為夾持點的誤差而導致產品精度的誤差，只需要在原型夾持在 旋轉Z軸後，用一個量測探頭量出中心點的誤差，在製作的過程中 200526386 將喷碩組的移動路徑加上補正誤差值即可解決問題。 2·物件f持在旋轉的主軸上。一般快速原型系統在製作原型時，原型 本體疋固定在Z軸滑板台上，作上升或下降微小距離的移動。 3·對3D CAD m〇del使用圓柱型的切片方式。在製作各種祁造型的物 體時，平面薄層的切片方式是最適用的，搭配CNC車床作原型的預 先加工才需要使用圓柱型的切片方式。 4·利用壓電噴墨技術製作彩色原型。3D造型的複雜度會使得一般快速 、二原型系統無法設計出喷色的結構，旋轉的z軸卻可以解決這個問題。 攻些特點在目前已知的快速原型系統中皆所未見，並且大幅提升產出 效率’已符合創新性與進步性之要件。 【實施方式】 使用光學式CCD立體掃描儀器可以在一秒内完成對真人臉部的掃 描工作，經過電腦的運算將座標點轉換成一個3D CAD m〇del，這樣就 可以產生一個真實人物的立體頭部造型。這樣的技術在3D動晝、Game 的製作及電影特效等行業中已經廣被使用。 針對這個3D CAD model，取一個貫穿中心的軸線設定為z軸，在 不同的位置取得與臉部表面相切的最小距離為半徑，取一個圓柱狀的 核心材料依半徑所連成的路徑以數控車床（CNC)加工，再將核心材料 以同一個中心點夾持在本創作機器的臥式旋轉主軸（z方向）夾具上， 一個連結供料單元的喷頭組架設在物件的正上方，以二維平面（χ_ζ) 移動，噴頭組位移到所需要的位置（Ζ軸）及高度（χ軸），輸出成型 材料，旋轉主軸依照模型輪廓來回旋轉角度，將材料塗布在核心圓柱 體上，隨著喷頭組的移動，產生層層的堆疊而完成臉部的造型。在物 件的側邊架設另一組喷墨喷頭組，在另一個相切於旋轉主軸（2軸）的 二維平面（可以是Υ-Ζ)上移動，在材料層層堆疊的過程中，位移到需 要的位置，配合旋轉主軸的旋轉角度，喷印設定的顏色墨水，達成物 件者色的目的。 完成臉部造型的製作及塗色之後，搭配預先大量生產的其他配件 200526386 就可以組合成各式不同具有真人臉部造型的玩偶。 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係快速原型系統的操作流程圖及平面與圓柱切層方式的比較。 第二圖係本創作之結構示意圖。 第三圖係喷頭組輸出成型材料的局部放大示意圖。 第四圖係壓電式喷墨列印頭組並排安裝的示意圖。200526386 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention is related to the rapid prototyping process technology, and relates to the unique design and innovative application fields of equipment structures. [Previous technology] Since the first commercial rapid prototype system was launched in 1988, this technology has greatly improved the traditional model making process, which saved time and money and caused major changes in the industrial design industry. Up to now, more than 20 different rapid prototype systems have been developed. According to the types of molding materials used, they can be divided into three major categories: liquid, solid, and powder. Among them, 3DSystems has a higher market share. Inc.'s SLA system (liquid type) 'Stratasys, Inc.'s Lai system (solid type), Nippon corporati's SLS system (powder type), etc. Related patent technologies can refer to Z. pat. No. 5, 340, 433, Republic of China Patent Publication Nos. 00498834 and 00538843. At present, all rapid prototyping systems cut 3D models into parallel slices in the z direction, and use each patented different molding method to continuously stack and combine each layer of 2D planes to create 3D models. Depending on the shape and size of the object, it takes hours to days to complete a model, and with the exception of Z Corporation's 3DP system (powder type), the model cannot be painted during the manufacturing process. Rapid prototyping technology is developing rapidly. In recent years, continuous progress has been made in molding materials, production speed, and model volume. Various related research institutions and manufacturers have continuously proposed new patents and improvements. However, the idea of this creation is not to make newer, faster or larger rapid prototypes, but to apply these existing technologies with a special machine structure that rotates 2 axes to make various cylindrical-like objects.The purpose is to Direct production of specific categories of Production 'is not used to serve the purpose of general prototyping in general industrial design. Because it is only for the production of specific objects with cylindrical resident, you can first process a core material on a CNC lathe, complete the part of the model, and then stack the rest in a cylindrical thin layer. 200526386 Two other rapid prototype systems' Complete the same How much time does the model have? Utilizing the current process of using fine, earth, and hoe piles heavily, spraying the color gradation on the prototype and reducing it can all reach the technical level. a color seven [Content of the invention] The processing flow of the rapid prototyping system is to make the object to be shaped but secretive! (Generally divided into solid and surface) into a triangulation network model, and use STL (StereoLithography) ^ ^ slicing) operation to obtain the shape of the prototype object. However, in order to meet the needs of fast cylindrical objects, the cutting method needs to be modified (see the figure-flow chart). Take ^ originally set a thickness value in the z direction, cutting in the χ-γ plane-layer by layer, the center of the z direction is 90 degrees (referred to as horizontal) 'and the ζ direction as the axis, a set thickness value The cylindrical surface formed for the radius, increase the radius by an equal distance, cut the object into layers of concentric cylindrical thin layers, and compile instructions to control the rotation of the main shaft and the movement of the nozzle group according to the outer edge of each thin layer. The rotation of the object itself on the ζ axis and the movement of the nozzle group on the χ-ζ plane: each: a cylindrical thin layer can be continuously stacked on the object to complete the prototype. The thin layer with a smaller radius is located in the _ part of the object, usually a cylinder with a closed surface. This part of the object can be processed with a lathe and guard, and a core material can be used to complete the rest by using rapid prototyping technology. Styling part. The thin layer with a large radius tangent to the surface of the object will also contain data about the color of the prototype. The STL style broadcast does not contain color information, so the thin layer tangent to the surface needs to refer to the original 3D CAD model. And compile the movement and printing instructions that drive the print head group. The STL format for describing three-dimensional objects with triangular coordinate points-there are some basic problems. In recent years, several new formats have been proposed, but they have not been widely accepted and viewed by the industry like the muscle format. For example, any 3D format that can fit the cylindrical method and can provide color information of objects can be used or developed to match the needs of this creation. As shown in the second picture, the main structural design of this creation is centered on a rotating spindle (Z axis) driven by a DC feeding motor 搭配-collet and holding jig 经过, after the core material of the 200526386 machined surface (3) Off-Caixin point is on the rotating spindle. A set of nozzles 连结 connected to the feeding unit ⑷ are set up by a square and driven by a linear micro-ball screw (6) to move them on a plane. The rotation of the nozzle group on the second day and the second day of the year matches all the three-dimensional coordinate positions around the object, so it can be output as a bet at the required position to complete the model. Technology # towel, _ type system is most suitable to match the original application purpose 'especially similar to Stratasys, Inc.'s noodle system and Sakiban Post, Inc.'s MJM system. A piezo print head unit is set up on the side of the object and connected to the automatic ink supply system. It is moved on the γ_ζ plane by the driving method of _. The z-axis with rotation can also be used on the surface of the prototype. Color sprayed in all locations. Ink—Generally divided into oil-based, / mixed and UV-type, etc., depending on the material used in the prototype, choose the appropriate type to use. At present, the inks suitable for printing on petals and gold-shaped glass features are mainly monochromatic (black, red, yellow, blue, white, etc.). Therefore, the inkjet printing systems connected to different color ink supply systems are installed side by side. On the same drive bracket, different colors of ink can be printed according to requirements, and the purpose of coloring the prototype can be achieved. The structure is shown in the fourth figure. When there are many colors to be used, you can use another drive bracket to install more head groups, so that it is tangent to the Z-thin other-do-face mine, as long as the nozzle groups on the two brackets are not in operation. Interference is sufficient. The color inkjet printing technology uses three primary colors of blue, red, and yellow to mix various colors at different ratios. When this technology can be used on the surface of plastic or metal, the bracket structure and driver program of this creation can be simplified. Because piezoelectric printing has the characteristic of not touching the object being printed, it can print colors or # at the same time during the construction of the prototype and then print after the prototype is completed. Through the above process, the object with the cylinder as the center can be quickly made and complete the color required for spraying. The biggest differences between the machine structure proposed in this creation and the existing rapid prototyping system are as follows: * 1. Pre-processing using a CNC lathe as a prototype. Although the processing methods of more than two processes have errors in product accuracy due to the error of the clamping point, it is only necessary to use a measuring probe to measure the error of the center point after the prototype is clamped in the rotating Z axis. In the process, 200526386, the problem can be solved by adding the correction error value of the movement path of the spray master group. 2. Object f is held on the main axis of rotation. When a rapid prototype system is used to make a prototype, the prototype body 疋 is fixed on the Z-axis slide table and moves up or down a small distance. 3. Use a cylindrical slicing method for 3D CAD model. In the production of various Qi-shaped objects, the slice method of plane thin layer is the most suitable, and the cylindrical slice method is needed for the pre-processing of the prototype with CNC lathe. 4. Make a color prototype using piezoelectric inkjet technology. The complexity of 3D modeling will make the general fast, two prototype system unable to design the color spray structure, but the rotating z axis can solve this problem. These features have not been seen in the currently known rapid prototyping systems, and the significant increase in output efficiency ’has met the requirements for innovation and progress. [Embodiment] The use of an optical CCD stereo scanning instrument can complete the scanning of a real human face in one second, and the coordinate point is converted into a 3D CAD mödel by a computer operation, so that a stereo of a real person can be generated Head styling. Such technologies have been widely used in industries such as 3D animation, game production, and movie special effects. For this 3D CAD model, set an axis that runs through the center as the z-axis, and obtain the minimum distance tangent to the face surface at different positions as the radius. Take a cylindrical core material based on the path connected by the radius to numerically control Lathe (CNC) processing, and then the core material is clamped on the horizontal rotating spindle (z-direction) fixture of the creative machine at the same center point. A nozzle group connected to the feeding unit is set directly above the object to The two-dimensional plane (χ_ζ) moves, the nozzle group moves to the required position (Z-axis) and height (χ-axis), and the molding material is output. The rotating main axis rotates the angle back and forth according to the contour of the model, and the material is coated on the core cylinder. With the movement of the nozzle group, the layers are stacked to complete the modeling of the face. Set up another group of inkjet heads on the side of the object, and move it on another two-dimensional plane (can be Υ-Z) tangent to the rotation main axis (2 axis). During the material layer stacking process, Displace to the required position, cooperate with the rotation angle of the rotating main shaft, and print the set color ink to achieve the purpose of object color. After finishing making and coloring the face shape, it can be combined with other accessories that have been mass-produced in advance 200526386 to form a variety of dolls with real face shapes. [Brief description of the diagram] The first diagram is the operation flow chart of the rapid prototype system and the comparison of the plane and cylinder slice methods. The second picture is the structure diagram of this creation. The third figure is a partially enlarged schematic view of the output molding material of the nozzle group. The fourth figure is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric inkjet print head group installed side by side.
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