TW200417614A - Steel alloy and tool made of the steel alloy - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a steel material which is powder metallurgy manufactured and has chemical composition which contains in weight-%: 2.2-3.3 (C+N), however at least 0.3C and at least 0.06N 0.1-2.0 Si 0.1-2.0 Mn 19-23 Cr max 2.0 Ni max 2.0 Co 0.5-3.0 (Mo+W/2), however max 1.0 W 4.2-7.5 (V+Nb/2), however max 0.1 Nb max 0.2 S balance essentially only iron and impurities in normal amounts. The steel is particularly suitable for encapsulation of electronic components in reinforced plastic material. The steel in the tool contains 25-35 vol-% carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides.

Description

玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於-種鋼合金 -種將電子元件嵌進強化塑膝材心打异…來製造 亦有關於-種工具，特別是二具。本發明係 具。 驷口至所製成的塑膠鑄模工 【先前技術】 發明背景 某些電子元件，特別是半導 導兀件，諸如積體電路、 私日日體、一極體、及1相.去 /、 ，句以很高的程度被封裝至 工程塑膠材料中，而該工 {主 征i胗材枓通常包含了一種會使 產品更強之填充劑。一般合 ^ 曰乂此目的而被使用之工程塑膠 材料係為各種不同類型的環惫、 、 乳 夕、以及酉分酸樹脂。該填 充劑通常係由Si02或者是η Μ摄丄 ' 有疋Α〗2〇3所構成，其可以高達大約 9〇體讎在於塑膠材料中。該封裝是在以高精密度所製 造之鋼的鑄模工具中進行。在鋼的軟化退火條件下及/或 鋼的熱處理條件下，诱過切免丨从| ^ ^ Γ边心切割作業、以及透過火花切削（ park machining )、或者是其它的蝕刻切削會產生二個半 個鑄模（mould halves)的孔隙。 一種習知且具有商標名稱為M39〇 IS〇MATRIX的工具 鋼，其除了鐵和雜質以外，還包含了名目組成為丨·9 c、 2〇Cr、1 Mo、4 V，並敘述於 BHM，14〇 Jg(1995)，Heft l 第68 — 77頁中。其它高鉻的工具鋼則則敘述於Ep 〇 27 j 38 A2以及EP 0 348 38〇~Α1中。另一個習知的工具材 200417614 係由本發明之申請人所製造’並使用於本案技術領域 中 其係為粉末冶金所制】皮沾 主岍衣w的鉍杈鋼，習知且具 稱為ELMAX⑧，更包含了名目細#炎 鬥铩名 各了名目組成為1.7 C、0.8 Sl、ο」说明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to-a kind of steel alloy-a kind of embedded electronic components in reinforced plastic knees to make a difference ... to manufacture, there are also-a kind of tools, especially two. This invention is a tool.驷 口 to the plastic molder [prior art] Background of the Invention Certain electronic components, especially semiconducting elements, such as integrated circuits, private solar cells, a polar body, and a phase. To /, Sentences are encapsulated into engineering plastic materials to a high degree, and the tool {main sign i 胗 材 枓 usually contains a filler that will make the product stronger. Generally speaking, the engineering plastic materials that are used for this purpose are various types of hoop, milk, and acid resins. The filler is usually composed of SiO 2 or η Μ Α ′ ΑΑ 2203, which can be up to about 90% in the plastic material. The encapsulation is performed in a mold tool for steel made with high precision. Under soft annealing conditions of steel and / or heat treatment conditions of steel, over-cutting is avoided 丨 cutting from the edge of | ^ ^ Γ, and through spark machining (park machining), or other etching cutting will produce two Pores in half mold halves. A well-known tool steel with a trade name of M39〇ISO〇MATRIX, in addition to iron and impurities, it also contains a nominal composition of 9c, 20Cr, 1 Mo, 4 V, and is described in BHM, 14 Jg (1995), Heft l at 68-77. Other high chromium tool steels are described in Ep 〇 27 j 38 A2 and EP 0 348 38〇 ~ A1. Another conventional tool material 200417614 is manufactured by the applicant of the present invention, and is used in the technical field of this case, which is made of powder metallurgy.] A bismuth steel with a main coating, known as ELMAX, , And also contains the name of the item # 炎 斗 铩 名 each name item composition is 1.7 C, 0.8 Sl, ο "

Mmocpuno v、其餘的鐵、以及在正常狀 況下所產生的雜質。此種鋼材料具有良好的抗腐钱性，甚 至是在蝴幾器的水浴中’通常是火花切削機器，也由於 在水浴中所產生的電化學電流，使得該水浴非常地具有腐 蝕性。其抗磨耗性亦同樣優 ' ^ , 仁。人希莫的是將此特點 ^ 步的改良。該鋼㈣在硬化及回火的條件下同樣 ，、有党限的硬度，使得在使用該工具的 致損壞，例如，當該工具被 θ ν !糊，然後掉到這二個半個工具之間，而在下一次： ~模#作中，當該二個半個工且 、 袖a u如 / 大的力相互施壓時， = 具材料中產生凹陷。在封裝電子元件至工程 =時，運用高性能粉末冶金所製造的冷加工鋼也屬* …的，該冷加工鋼係為習 VANADIS®23，更包含了々日，“ h名％為 々砠成為 1 ·28 C、4.2 Cr、5 0 Μο、6·4 W、其餘的鐵、以及正 Μ ντ ιί '# - 吊數里的雜貝。此種鋼材 科了以订硬化及回火以滿足所t求之最高硬度，作 種鋼材料具有較差的抗 會導致產生愈火花切論，&疋不具有抗細，這 伐心目 削有關之局部的孔狀腐钱。在使用和 性塗層的部位上進行一 纟未…何具有保護 將此塗層塗佈至目前這 、吊疋 、禋i式（不官合金的型式）之工具 200417614 的鑄模孔隙中，以促進該鑄模產 【發明内容】 〇工具上移除。 發明揭示 本發明之目的在於提出以上 阳乂上的問4，並同時提供一 工具材料，其同樣滿足了除了 _杯丁從仏種 ’除了良好的抗腐蝕性、抗磨耗性 、以及硬度以外的高需求 '几以耗1生 於i曰/i£ —絲力人 寻別的疋，本發明的目的在 方、Φζ ί、一種鋼合金，其传纟t 一从山 八係非Φ合適運用在製造一 70件肷進強化塑膠材料之中的工具，i具有· 、兒子 •良好的抗腐蝕性，包括盥^ 孔钱性， /、化刀削有關之良好的抗 •極佳的抗磨耗性，且其 •可以進行硬化及回火至61— 6他 ▲ 62 — 63HRC， 勺更度’較佳為 •該鋼材料在硬化及回 •良好的可抛光性，以及1 τ的極4強度’和 定性。•在長時間使用由鋼所製成之工具期間的良好尺寸穩 以上的目標的達成係在 以及該由鋼人a x鋼合金具有一化學組成， W 口金所製成的工且 入 所敘述之個別 、、、工以本木申請專利範圍中 〜方式加以熱處理。 τ 本發明之鋼材料係以太、λ 末冶金方式係為-'、末的方式加以製造，該粉 化失本隹物的條件 J疋同転度之不具有氧 ^ . 十在車父佳的情形夕 匕括了使用後 下，该籾末；口金製造還 、務虱將熔融鋼材料進行氣體噴 200417614 霧（gas atomisation)，此舉會使得鋼合金獲得某一最低 含量的氮氣。 更進一步而言，就存在於鋼材之中的合金元素而言， 應用了下列條件。 【碳】應該以足夠的數量存在於鋼材之中，並且在該 鋼材處於經硬化及回火的條件下，以該足夠的數量使得能 夠與氮氣及釩一起形成3 — 10體積％的MC__碳化物、一 虱化物、及/或一碳氮化物，其中M主要為釩；鋼材中的 碳並與鉻一起形成20一3〇體積％的Mc_碳化物、—氮化 物、及/或-碳氮化物，其中的M主要為鉻，碳化物、氮 化物、及/或奴氮化物的總數量為25 — 35體積％，較佳 為28— 33體積％。但是碳也應該同樣在鋼材處於經硬化 及回火的=下1 〇·3一㈣重量％的數量，車交佳為0.45 〇·46重里％，存在於鋼材之麻田散基質中的固溶體内。 鋼材中的碳總含量，也就是溶於鋼材之基質中的碳，加上 建、°成$反化物、及/或碳氮化物的碳含量應該至少要到達 ^車乂佺為至少2.4%，然而碳的最大含量可高達3.3% 車乂‘為取向3·1%。最佳的碳含量範圍I 2.55 — 2 85%。 標稱的碳含量為2.7%。 根據本發明夕 土丄 Θ之一較佳的具體態樣，當使用氮氣來 σ貧務氣體的氣濟a兩 θ 孔貝務是屬於製造金屬粉末（隨即會萨由 均壓法進行固& 士） 曰 u、、、a)之粉末冶金製程的一部分時，氮並非 知有思添加至鈿从士 七— 鋼材中的元素，但是卻以最高0.15%的含Mmocpuno v, the remaining iron, and impurities generated under normal conditions. This kind of steel material has good anti-corrosion property, even in the water bath of butterfly gear, it is usually a spark cutting machine, and because of the electrochemical current generated in the water bath, the water bath is very corrosive. Its abrasion resistance is also excellent. People's wish is to improve this feature step by step. The steel reed is also hardened and tempered under the same, limited hardness, which causes damage when using the tool, for example, when the tool is θ ν! Paste, and then falls to the two and a half tools And in the next time: ~ ## work, when the two and a half workers and the sleeve au / / large forces exert pressure on each other, = a depression in the material. When packaging electronic components to engineering =, the cold-worked steel manufactured by high-performance powder metallurgy also belongs to *. This cold-worked steel is Xi VANADIS®23, and it also includes the next day, "h %% is 々 砠 becomes 1 · 28 C, 4.2 Cr, 50 Μο, 6.4 W, the rest of the iron, and positive Μ ντ ιί '#-miscellaneous shells in the hanging number. This steel is subject to order hardening and tempering to meet the requirements The highest hardness is required. If the steel material has poor resistance, it will lead to sparks. &Amp; 疋 does not have fine resistance. This cuts the local hole-like rotten money related to cutting. At the place where the natural coating is used It ’s been done for a while ... Why is there a protection to apply this coating to the pores of the mold 200417614 of the current, condolences, 禋 i (type of unofficial alloy) tool to promote the production of the mold [inventive content] 〇 The tool is removed. Disclosure of the invention The object of the present invention is to propose the above question 4 on the impotence, and at the same time provide a tool material, which also satisfies the exception of _ Cup Ding Cong 仏 species in addition to good corrosion resistance and wear resistance And high demand beyond hardness 1 Born in i / i—Si Liren seeks others, the purpose of the present invention is square, Φζ ί, a steel alloy, which is passed from the mountain eight system non-Φ suitable for the manufacture of a 70 pieces 肷Tools for strengthening plastic materials, i have ·, son • good corrosion resistance, including toilet ^ hole money, /, good resistance to chemical cutting • excellent abrasion resistance, and its • can Hardened and tempered to 61-6 he ▲ 62-63HRC, the spoon is more 'preferred' • the steel material is hardened and tempered • good polishability, and 1 τ extreme 4 strength 'and qualitative. The achievement of the goal of good dimensional stability during the long-term use of tools made of steel is due to the fact that the steelman ax steel alloy has a chemical composition, and the workmanship made of gold is included in the individual ,,,, The heat treatment is carried out in the way of the scope of the patent application of Bengi. Τ The steel material of the present invention is manufactured by ether, λ metallurgy method is-', and the conditions for the powder loss of this material are the same. Degrees do not have oxygen ^. Ten in the situation of Che Fujia After use, the metal powder is made, and the molten steel material is sprayed with a gas atomisation of 200417614, which will allow the steel alloy to obtain a certain minimum content of nitrogen. Furthermore, it exists in For alloying elements in steel, the following conditions apply: [Carbon] should be present in the steel in sufficient quantities, and the steel should be hardened and tempered in such sufficient quantities that it can be used with Nitrogen and vanadium together form 3-10% by volume of MC__ carbides, liceides, and / or a carbonitride, where M is mainly vanadium; carbon in steel and together with chromium form 20-30% by volume. Mc_ carbides, -nitrides, and / or -carbonitrides, where M is mainly chromium, and the total number of carbides, nitrides, and / or slave nitrides is 25-35% by volume, preferably 28 — 33% by volume. However, carbon should also be the same when the steel is in the hardened and tempered amount = 1 0.3 ·% by weight, and the car traffic is 0.45 0.46% by weight. It is a solid solution in the steel matrix of Asada. Inside. The total carbon content of the steel, that is, the carbon dissolved in the matrix of the steel, plus the carbon content of the compounds, and / or carbonitrides should reach at least 2.4%, However, the maximum carbon content can be as high as 3.3%. The optimal carbon content range is I 2.55-2 85%. The nominal carbon content is 2.7%. According to one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, when using nitrogen to σ-lean gas, two θ-hole shellfishes belong to the manufacture of metal powders (then they are consolidated by the equalizing method). J) When part of the powder metallurgy process of u ,, and a), nitrogen is not an element that is thought to be added to Shi Cong Shi Qi—steel, but it has a maximum content of 0.15%.

存在於鋼材之中， S 成為不可避免之元素。由於此種粉末 200417614 &法’使得鋼材 %的氮.^ 3至乂 G.G6%的氬，通常為至少0.08 /0勺乳’ Μ再大約為0.10%。 ，其本身並非屬於有害的成分。相二$存在_ 果係為與碟-起藉由形成飢―、以及：下二之優異的效 ，較小比例的錢化物可被包含在二：化物。因此 化物的體積含量中。^上所“之MC以及 可以根據另—個可以理解的具體態樣而t，該鋼材 … ㈠可習知的技術有意地將其與氮鑄成合金，也就 疋二’將氮氣加麼、或者是將製成的粉末進行固相氮化（ ^ Ρι取崎ldlng)。在此例子當中，氮可以取代大約2 %N的碳。根據一設想的具體態樣而冑，當運用在一種高 抗腐蝕性比高抗磨耗性還重要的應用中時，則（舉例而言 ):包括超過0.2%但是最多為的氮，其可使促進鈒 厌氮化物，V ( C，N )的形成，也因此會造成碳化鉻含量 的減少，並提供在該固溶體中較高含量的鉻，且有助於促 進其抗腐蝕性。 含量範圍介於0.2-1 ·〇%之間的氮的一些變式是可以理 解的。就成本考量，如果希冀將氮化於一種傳統式粉末冶 金技術中來進行，則氮的含量應該要在該氮含量範圍之中 盡可能的呈現最大值，也就是高達0.2-0.3%的氮。然而， 在一具有合理高氮含量的變式中，該氮含量可高達〇.2、〇4 %，較佳為0.2-0.32%，標稱為至〇_25%，並且同時碳含 量可高達2.2-2.8%，較佳為2,4-2.7%，適當為至2.2H6 %，標稱為至2·57% C。如果最大的抗腐蝕性被認為是重 200417614 要的，則可以選擇一種#杠士 化的過程路線，進而達成前將粉末進行固減 ，較佳一 9%，適:=於範圍…象間 〇.75%N。同一時門 > 田為〇·65-〇·δ5%之間，標稱為 碳含量則適應了該較高的礼含量 ，使得該碳含量落於H2 1〇/ > 、 门的虱3里 · 〇，較佳為 1.65-195%，適 + 為L75-U5%，標稱為l8〇%c 9以適田 Φ ,¾ ^ ΛΛ e ,. …、、而，在此關係中，應 要承認的疋，相較於本發 耗性@ 一 弟四號鋼材之非常高的抗磨 粍〖生而㊂，该抗磨耗性可以 ^ _ n , 牛低，如以上所陳述。因此 ，折衷乘後所提及之兩種鋼材 4疋瑕马理想的，A妹县古穿 包含0.4-0.6%的氮，較佳$ \也就疋°兄 〇 C〇〇/ . , Ο U·45 〇·55% 的氮，標稱為 〇·5〇%的虱、以及〇·23%的碳。 【矽】係來自於鋼材的製造，以殘餘物的姿態存在， 其量至少為0·1%。該矽可 / j ^加鋼材令的碳活性，並可幫 助提供鋼材適當的硬度，而不會產生脆化的問題。铁而， 石夕是-種強的肥粒鐵構成物，因此必須 量存在，在較佳的情形下，噹锢好X 6 · 0的 β鋼材不包含超過最大的10 %的石夕，適當為最大的〇_8%石夕。標稱的石夕含量為〇·5%。 、，Β】亦係來自於鋼材的製造’以殘餘物的姿態存在 ’並藉由形成硫化猛的作用與硫進行結合，該硫係以微量 存在於鋼材之_。因此，4孟應該以至少_的量存在， 較佳為至少、0.2%的量。錳亦可促進其可硬化性。然而， ^可硬π性對於所希冀之用途目的而言並非屬於一重要特 徵’因為用於電子元件封裝的工具通常具有較小的尺寸。 錳不可以以㈣2.0%的量存在，如此才能避免脆化的問 12 200417614 題。在較佳的情形下，該鋼材不包含超過最大的丨〇 %的 錳，適當為最大的〇·8%ΜΝ。標稱的錳含量為〇.5%。 【鉻】應該要以至少1 9 %的量存在，較佳是以至少2 〇 %的量存在’如此以提供鋼材所吸劑的抗腐敍性。終亦係 為一個重要的奴化物與氮化物的構成物，並與碳一起升》成 Μ/;—碳化物、一氮化物、及/或一碳氮化物，此與mc 一碳化物、一氮化物、及/或一碳氮化物一起有助於提供 希冀的抗磨耗性。然而，鉻一種強的肥粒鐵構成物。為了 要在k 1 1 00-1 1 50 C的硬化過後避免肥粒鐵，則該鉻含量 不可以超過23%，在較佳的情形下，最* 22%::二 稱的鉻含量為2 1 %。 綠J马一種述擇性的元素 一 ^ ^ 從久所田鐵 :為：：態，以最高為2_0%的量、較佳為最高1〇%、適 G·7%選擇性地存在，使其得以平衡該鋼材之高 =肥粒鐵構成元素鉻和銦'然而，在較佳的情形下， 根據本發明的鋼材並八 而，A 不匕$有任何有意添加的鎳含量。麸 % 錄為一種可避免的雜所 h… …、 〇·3或〇.4%。 ’雜貝牡可忍受的範圍下可為大約 旦【姑】亦|種選擇性的元素，可以言 1、較佳為最高〇79/ 、 回為2·〇%的 ,^ %選擇性地存在，使苴得以沧, 良其抗回火能力。然而，在正當6二使…進-步改 之銅材的特性，是不需要：；：的狀況下，要達到所希冀 的情形中，鋼材… 何的銘的。因A，在適當 /丫’綱材不會包今. 田 在製造鋼材的同時，r所：添加的銘，然而鈷卻會 攸所使用之原料而產生，並以高達Existing in steel, S becomes an unavoidable element. Due to this powder 200417614 & method, the nitrogen of the steel% ^^ to G.G6% of argon is usually at least 0.08 / 0 scoop of milk 'M and about 0.10%. , Itself is not a harmful ingredient. The existence of the second $ exists _ is the result of the formation of hunger with the dish-and: the following two excellent effects, a small proportion of money can be included in the second: the chemical. Therefore, the volume content of the compound. ^ "MC" above can be based on another understandable specific aspect, the steel ... ㈠ The conventional technology intentionally casts it with nitrogen, which means that the second is to add nitrogen, Alternatively, the powder can be subjected to solid-phase nitridation (^ Pr). In this example, nitrogen can replace approximately 2% of N carbon. According to a specific aspect of envisioning, when used in a high In applications where corrosion resistance is more important than high abrasion resistance, then (for example): including more than 0.2% but at most nitrogen, which can promote the formation of hafnium nitrides, V (C, N), It will also cause a reduction in chromium carbide content, and provide a higher content of chromium in the solid solution, and help promote its corrosion resistance. Some of the nitrogen in the range of 0.2-1 · 0% The variant is understandable. In terms of cost, if it is desired to carry out nitriding in a traditional powder metallurgy technology, the nitrogen content should be as large as possible within the nitrogen content range, which is as high as 0.2-0.3% nitrogen. However, the nitrogen has a reasonably high nitrogen content. In the variant, the nitrogen content may be as high as 0.2, 04%, preferably 0.2-0.32%, and the nominal value is 0-25%, and at the same time, the carbon content may be as high as 2.2-2.8%, preferably 2, 4-2.7%, appropriate to 2.2H6%, nominally to 2.57% C. If the maximum corrosion resistance is considered to be important for 200417614, you can choose a process route of # 杆 士 化 to achieve Before the powder is solidified, it is preferably 9%, suitable: = in the range ... between 0.75% of N. At the same time, the field is between 6.55% and δ5%, which is labeled as carbon content. Then it is adapted to the higher etiquette content, so that the carbon content falls in H2 1 0 /, door lice 3, 0, preferably 1.65-195%, suitable + L75-U5%, labeled as l8〇% c 9 to Shida Φ, ¾ ^ ΛΛ e, ..., and, in this relationship, ，, which should be recognized, is very high in resistance compared to the current consumption @ 一 弟 四号 钢Grinding〗 〖Born, the abrasion resistance can be ^ _ n, low in cattle, as stated above. Therefore, it is ideal to compromise the two steels mentioned above after the multiplication. Amei County ancient wear contains 0.4 -0.6% nitrogen, preferably $ \ \ ° 兄弟 〇C / 〇 U · 45 〇55% nitrogen, nominally 0.50% lice, and 0.23% carbon. [Silicon] is derived from the manufacture of steel and exists as a residue, Its amount is at least 0.1%. The silicon can add carbon to the steel to make it carbon active, and can help provide the steel with proper hardness without embrittlement. Iron, Shi Xi is a kind of strong The ferrous iron composition must be present in an amount. In a better case, when the β steel of X 6 · 0 does not contain more than 10% of the largest stone, it is appropriate that the maximum is 0-8% of the stone. The nominal Shixi content is 0.5%. ,, B] also originates from the manufacture of steel materials 'exists in the form of a residue' and combines with sulfur through the action of forming a vulcanization reaction, which is present in trace amounts in steel materials. Therefore, 4 Meng should be present in an amount of at least _, preferably at least, 0.2%. Manganese also promotes its hardenability. However, the rigidity is not an important feature for the intended use purpose 'because tools for electronic component packaging usually have smaller sizes. Manganese cannot be present in the amount of 2.0%, so that the problem of embrittlement can be avoided. In a better case, the steel does not contain more than a maximum of 0% manganese, suitably a maximum of 0.8% MN. The nominal manganese content is 0.5%. [Chromium] should be present in an amount of at least 19%, preferably in an amount of at least 20% 'so as to provide the corrosion resistance of the steel absorbent. In the end, it is also an important slave and nitride composition, and together with carbon, it becomes M /; — carbide, nitride, and / or a carbonitride. The nitrides and / or a carbonitride together help to provide the desired abrasion resistance. However, chromium is a strong fertilizing iron constituent. In order to avoid fat iron after the hardening of k 1 1 00-1 1 50 C, the chromium content should not exceed 23%, and in the best case, the maximum * 22% :: 2 chromium content is 2 1 %. Green J Horse A Selective Element ^ ^ From Kusuda Iron: As :: State, with a maximum of 2_0%, preferably a maximum of 10%, suitable G · 7% to selectively exist, so that It is able to balance the height of the steel = chromium and indium, the constituent elements of ferrous iron. However, in a better case, the steel according to the invention does not have any intentionally added nickel content. Bran% is recorded as an avoidable miscellaneous h ..., 0.3 or 0.4%. In the range that can be tolerated by Zaibei, there can be approximately one kind of selective element, which can be said to be 1. It is preferably the highest 〇79 /, and the back is 2.0%, and ^% is selectively present. In order to make Qiang Cang, and its ability to resist tempering. However, under the condition that the material properties of the copper material are to be changed in a timely manner, it is not necessary to: in the situation of: to achieve the desired situation, the steel ... Due to A, the proper / y ’outline material will not be included in this. Tian When manufacturing steel, the R: added name, but cobalt will be produced using the raw materials used, and up to

13 ZUU^+1 /OlH- O·1%的數量存在。 【銦】可以至少為旦 ,,,·5^的里、較佳為最高1.2%存在 如此得以提供鋼材所希 u ,, 布一的抗腐蝕性，特別是良好的抗 伽从丁 種強的肥粒鐵構成物，因此，該 鐧材不可以包含超過3 · %的鉑，較佳為2.1%的鉬。 原則上，鉬可以完全 ^ ^ 地或者疋部份地由鎢所取代，然 而’鹤部無法提供與銦 ,^ 祁门在抗腐蝕性上面的改良。此外 ’相較於鉬而言，所雲亜 曰甘+ 而要的鎢含量則是其兩倍之多，這也 疋/、中之一缺點。同時， 雜 對方；任何所製造出來的廢料也很 困難。因此，根據該鋼材 取仏具肢態樣而言，鎢不應該 a過隶高⑽’較佳為最高㈣的數量存在，且不容 餘ί素（從製造鋼材之過程中所使用的原料所產生13 ZUU ^ + 1 / OlH- O · 1%. [Indium] It can be at least 5 旦, preferably up to 1.2%, so it can provide the steel, so the corrosion resistance of the cloth, especially the good resistance to Gamma and Ding Due to the ferrous iron composition, the sapwood must not contain more than 3.% platinum, and preferably 2.1% molybdenum. In principle, molybdenum can be completely or partially replaced by tungsten, but ‘Hebe’ cannot provide inferior corrosion resistance with indium. In addition, compared with molybdenum, Soyun 亜 is called Gan +, and the required tungsten content is twice as much, which is also one of the disadvantages of 疋 /. At the same time, miscellaneous people; any manufactured waste is also difficult. Therefore, according to the shape of the steel, the tungsten should not be present in a high amount, preferably the highest amount, and should not be excessive (produced from the raw materials used in the process of manufacturing steel).

而來）的安悲型式翻彳丹I 〜至式~過不可避免之雜質含量。 【鈒】應該要以4 2 7 ς 〇/ ^ A 者、 · 7·5%的數量存在於鋼材之中，適 田為4.2-6.4%的*，如此才能在該鋼 的條件下，於鋼材之麻田散κ 口人 ,_ 月文基貝中，與碳以及現存的氮形 成该M C —碳化物、—氣几以 鼠化物、及/或一碳氮化物。在較 4土的狀況下，該鋼材包含了 匕S 了至少4.8%以及最高之5.7%的 叙。標稱的釩含量為5.5 %。 原則上，飢可以藉由銳來加以取代，以形& mc—碳 化物、-氮㈣、及，或—碳氮化物，但是，相較於鈒而 厂欲完成此目的所需要的銳含量則是其兩倍之多，這也 疋其中之-缺點。此外，銳會使肖mc —碳化物、—氮化 物、及/或-碳氮化物具有更為鋒利的邊緣，1其將會比 14 200417614 :二的碳化物、氮化物、及/或碳氮化物還要來的大 將胃造成破斷、或者是妒H ^ τ片，因而降低了材料的韌性與可 抛先性。這對於在本發明之鋼材而言特別 就Γ材的機械特性而論，該鋼材的組成是以提供I重絕；' 之抗磨耗性為目的而進行最佳化，該抗磨耗性係結合了t ;更度；抗回火性。因此，該鋼材不可以包含超過最高:5 :::佳為最高ο·ι%的銳、適當為最高。糊的銳。在 材：=體嶋’銳是不容許以殘餘元素（從製造鋼 所使用的原料所產生而來）的姿態型式超過不 了避免之雜質含量。 任何ΠΓ;Γ=外’該鋼材不需要也不應該包含 不希背1進一步的合金元素。有些元素是很明顯地所 影塑一。、L因為其會以不希冀的方式對於鋼材的特性產生 伋：石Λ，舉例來說’就磷而言’就必須保持盡可能地 节鋼：'為最冑0.03% ’如此才不會以不佳的方式影響到 相同地，硫同樣在各方面均屬於不希菫的元素， :是其對於韋刃性之不利的影像卻可在一開始藉由猛來加以 如此則會形成基本上無害的硫化猛，因此，硫僅能 1以最Α 0·2%的含量存在’以&良鋼材的機械加工性 、：較佳的情形下，該鋼材正常不會包含超過最高01% 又佳為最高0.05%、以及最合適為最高〇〇25%的硫。 π在對鋼材進行減理時，該崎會介⑤则七赃 =度之間進行沃斯田鐵化，較佳為介於1〇8〇_115代的 …間’最適當為…l2(Ml5〇t的溫度之間。原則 15 200417614 沃斯田鐵化溫度是可以理解的，是由於在正常 η 所使用的硬化爐並不適用於較高溫的狀能，因 此使得高溫傲π χ、奋木— 狀心 因 持時間rrt ^鐵化溫度下’適當的維 , 、30勿麵。從沃斯田鐵化溫度開始，將今鋼;$ 直到其Ή至環境溫度或者是更低為止。在較 :士月形下’也就是當該鋼材具有機械工具部件之开，狀的The type of sorrowful banyandan I ~ to ~ ~ over the inevitable impurity content. [鈒] It should be present in steel in an amount of 4 2 7 ς 〇 / ^ A, and · 7.5%, and Shida is 4.2-6.4% *, so that it can be used in steel under the conditions of the steel. Zhi Ma Tian San κ mouth people, _ Yue Wenjibei, with the carbon and the existing nitrogen to form the MC —carbide, — gas, rat compounds, and / or a carbonitride. In the condition of less than 4 soils, the steel contains a minimum of 4.8% and a maximum of 5.7%. The nominal vanadium content is 5.5%. In principle, hunger can be replaced by sharp, in the shape of & mc-carbide, -nitrogen, and, or carbonitride. However, compared to tritium, the sharp content required by the factory to accomplish this purpose It is twice as many, which is also one of them-disadvantages. In addition, sharpening will make Xiao MC—carbides, —nitrides, and / or—carbonitrides have sharper edges, 1 which will be better than 14 200417614: two carbides, nitrides, and / or carbonitrides. The compound will also cause the stomach of the general to break, or be jealous of H ^ τ tablets, thereby reducing the toughness and disposable nature of the material. This is particularly the case with regard to the mechanical properties of the steel material of the present invention. The composition of the steel material is optimized to provide I abrasion resistance; the abrasion resistance is combined with t; more severe; tempering resistance. Therefore, the steel must not contain more than the highest: 5 ::: the best is the highest ο · %%, and the appropriate is the highest. Mud-sharp. In-process material: = body 嶋 is not allowed to exceed the content of impurities that cannot be avoided with the posture of residual elements (produced from the raw materials used to make steel). Any ΠΓ; Γ = outside ’This steel does not need and should not contain further alloying elements. Some elements are clearly shadowed. , L because it will draw on the characteristics of the steel in an unintended way: stone Λ, for example, 'in terms of phosphorus', it must be kept as steel-saving as possible: 'as the maximum 0.03%' A bad way affects the same place. Sulfur is also an undesired element in all aspects: it is an image that is unfavorable to Wei Jian, but it can be formed by blasting it in the beginning. It will be basically harmless. Therefore, sulfur can only exist in the content of up to Α 0.2%. 'Machinability of a good steel: In the best case, the steel normally does not contain more than 01%. Sulfur up to 0.05% and most suitably up to 0.025% sulfur. π When reducing steel, this Sakisuke introduces ⑤ Then seven fields = degrees to carry out ironing of iron, preferably between 108 and 115 generations ... between the most appropriate is ... l2 ( Between Ml50 ° t. Principle 15 200417614 Vosstian ironization temperature is understandable, because the hardening furnace used in normal η is not suitable for higher temperature state energy, so the high temperature is π χ, fen Wood-shaped heart due to holding time rrt ^ ironing temperature 'appropriate dimension', 30, do not face. Starting from Vostian ironing temperature, the current steel; $ until it reaches the ambient temperature or lower. Comparison: "Shiyue-shaped under" is also when the steel has machine tool parts open, like

冋時’該鋼材變成冷卻至_4(rc或者是更低的零H冋 时 ’the steel becomes cooled to _4 (rc or lower zero H

=㈣下：該工:梅於乾冰之中冷卻二約-一或者疋在液態氮中全力降至零下大約_丨96π，如 =以料現存殘餘的沃斯田鐵，纟目的在於提供產品㈣ 進…穩定性…完成所希冀的二次硬化，將該產品 方Γ溫回火至少一次’較佳為兩次，可能的話在溫度介 於赠和鑛之間可更多次，較佳為介於啊和⑵= Your Majesty: The worker: May be cooled in dry ice for two times-one or 疋 Fully reduced in liquid nitrogen to about minus about _ 丨 96π, such as = the existing remaining Vostian Iron is expected to provide products ㈣ Progress ... stability ... Complete the desired secondary hardening, temper the product at least once, preferably twice, if possible, between the temperature and the gift, more times, preferably intermediate Yu Ah He

c之間。在每—次的退火處理過後，該產品則會進行冷卻 二同樣地在此例中’於較佳的情形下，亦運用了如上：之 7下~部’以進-步藉由將任何可能的殘餘沃斯田鐵消除 。’來確保所希冀之尺寸穩m回火溫度下的維持時間 可為Μ 0小時，較佳為1-2小時。 根據以上之氣體喷霧所獲得的金屬粉末，包含了碳化 2、虱化物、及/或碳氮化物，在正常狀況下為M7C3，其 1 : M主要為鉻，並於碳化物、氮化物、及/或碳氮化物 之最長延伸上具有最大的尺彳3微米。在粉末中之碳化物 、氮化物、及/或碳氮化物的總體積分率非常的高，當氮 含量相當低或者是低於0.2%時，其分率則為3〇%或者是 16 200417614 稍微高。由於該鋼材可能進行 屬粉末的熱壓而形成—種固結、且= 也由於金 由於最終工具部件的硬化，使 “、物體、以及 可能會聚結而形成較大的黏聚物…成 熱處理過後之產品中的 在几成c. After each annealing treatment, the product will be cooled. Similarly, in this case, 'in a better case, the above is also used: 7 under ~ part' to further-by any possible Elimination of the remaining Vostian iron. To ensure that the desired dimension is maintained at a tempering temperature, the holding time may be M 0 hours, preferably 1-2 hours. The metal powder obtained according to the above gas spray contains carbide 2, lice, and / or carbonitride. Under normal conditions, it is M7C3. Its 1: M is mainly chromium. And / or the longest extension of the carbonitride has a maximum size of 3 microns. The overall integral rate of carbides, nitrides, and / or carbonitrides in the powder is very high. When the nitrogen content is very low or less than 0.2%, the fraction is 30% or 16 200417614. high. Because the steel may be formed by hot pressing which is a powder-a kind of consolidation, and = also because gold due to the hardening of the final tool parts, ", objects, and possibly agglomerates may form a large ... Of the products

—更孭粒子（hard phase partic1eQ )可能因此會大於3微米。 p tlcles 不計對粒子之最長的延伸φ ;隹— 量測，則以體積％表示的主 遠仃 中。除此之外，也有芊於Μ微米的範圍 名杲種私度數量的Μχ_相， 體積％，其中Μ實質卜Α & 、〇為1-2 、貝上為釩、而χ為碳及/ ΜΧ·相會在該最終物品回火的時候以非常細微的粒子進; ::產硬相的總數量係取決於氮的含量。-般而言，硬相 ^ 曰，各於25_40體積％的範圍之中。如果 该乱含量很低或者是適中’也就是說少於0.2%，則硬相 的總數量射落於該範圍較高㈣域，料3(Μ = ，較佳為心6體積％。如果氮含量為較高的情形下^ 该硬相粒子的含量會τ降至25_35體積％，較佳為& 體積％，同時，在犧M M r ,Α ^ t 隹裉牲的分率下，Μχ_相對於硬相 子總數量的貢獻也跟著增加。 "-Harder particles (hard phase partic1eQ) may therefore be larger than 3 microns. p tlcles does not take into account the longest extension φ of the particle; 隹 — measured, the main distance 表示 expressed in volume%. In addition, there are also M × phases in the range of M micron, which are the number of private species, volume%, where M is substantially A & 0 is 1-2, vanadium is vanadium, and χ is carbon and / MX · Meeting proceeds as very fine particles when the final article is tempered; :: The total amount of hard-generating phase depends on the nitrogen content. -In general, the hard phases are in the range of 25-40% by volume. If the amount of chaos is low or moderate, that is, less than 0.2%, the total number of hard phases is shot in the higher range of the range, material 3 (M =, preferably 6% by volume of the heart. If nitrogen When the content is high ^ the content of the hard phase particles will be reduced to 25_35 vol%, preferably & vol%, and at the same time, at the expense of the MM r, Α ^ t ratio, Μχ_ Contributions to the total number of hard phase sons have also increased.

雖然本發明之鋼材在一開始是被研發用來作為工程糊 膠中芝電子元件的封裝，但是其亦可被用在其他的目的I ’比如說其他的鑄模工具、磨耗部件、以及做為建築 材。 ’ 本I月之更進一步的特徵及方面將於以下所進行之實 驗敘述、以及附加的申請專利範圍之揭示而更趨明顯。只 17 200417614 所進行之實驗的說明 在實驗室規格下的實驗 實驗所使用之材料的化學 ^ ]化予組成係敘述於表丨中。鋼材 編號1為一參考材料，更呈辦的炎r 旯八版的為ELMA：^形式的鋼材， 而鋼材編’虎2則為本發明之鋼材。粉末是由鋼材藉由氮盥 氣體喷霧所製造的。將每12kg的粉末填裝入容器中，之 後再進行熱均壓壓密’以達到材料的密度。該經過熱均壓 (HIP)的鑄錠經過鍛造之後，形成4〇x4〇mm的棒狀物 ’之後將該棒狀物於蛭石（vermiculte)中進行冷卻。Although the steel of the present invention was originally developed as a package for electronic components in engineering paste, it can also be used for other purposes I 'such as other mold tools, wear parts, and construction material. ’Further features and aspects of this month will become more apparent from the experimental descriptions below and the disclosure of the scope of additional patent applications. Only 17 200417614 Description of experiments performed Experiments in laboratory specifications The chemical composition of the materials used in the experiments is described in Table 丨. Steel No. 1 is a reference material, and the more prominent version is ELMA: ^ steel, and the steel braid 'Ti 2 is the steel of the present invention. The powder is made from steel using a nitrogen gas spray. Each 12 kg of powder was filled into a container, and then subjected to hot equalizing and compacting 'to achieve the density of the material. The hot-pressed (HIP) ingot was forged to form a 40x40mm rod-shaped object ′, and the rod-shaped object was then cooled in vermiculte.

18 200417614 貝驗所使用之鋼材的化學組成，重量％ ;正常數量 ，其餘的質。 鋼材 C Si _〇34 P S Cr Mo V N 一1 1.75 0.96 0.02 0.01 18.3 0.98 3.09 0.11 2 2.75 0.47 0.38 0.01 0.01 21.3· 1.67 5.48 0.08 進行下列的研究調查： •在軟化退火之後的硬度（HB )。 •在經軟化退火和經硬化以及經回火之條件下的微結 構018 200417614 The chemical composition of the steel used in the test,% by weight; normal quantity, the rest of the quality. Steel C Si _〇34 P S Cr Mo V N-1 1.75 0.96 0.02 0.01 18.3 0.98 3.09 0.11 2 2.75 0.47 0.38 0.01 0.01 21.3 · 1.67 5.48 0.08 The following investigations were carried out: • Hardness (HB) after softening annealing. • Microstructures under soft annealed and hardened and tempered conditions0

•於1080 C / 30分鐘/空氣下、112(rc /3〇分鐘/ 空氣中先進冷卻（advanced cooling)、以及115(rc/1〇 分釦/空氣中先進冷卻下進行沃斯田鐵化之後的硬度、以 及針對這三個沃斯田鐵化溫度，在200、300、500、525、 550、600 和 650οΓ nr，〇 '广 〇 u L下 2x2h，貫％回火之後的硬度。 •量測殘餘的沃斯田鐵。 •對Si〇2進行抗磨耗的測試。 「軟化退火後的硬度• After performing Vostian ironization at 1080 C / 30 minutes / air, 112 (rc / 30 minutes / advanced cooling in air, and 115 (rc / 10 minutes deduction / advanced cooling in air) Hardness and the hardness after tempering at 200, 300, 500, 525, 550, 600, and 650 ο nr, 〇 ′ 广 〇u L for these three Vostian ironing temperatures. Measure the residual Vostian iron. • Test the abrasion resistance of Si02. "Hardness after softening annealing

兩種鋼材料於軟化退火條件下之硬度顯示於表2 4 很明顯地從該表可以得知’根據本發明之鋼材編號2, 較於參考材料之25通的硬度而言，其具有較高的硬方 3〇刪，然而，其硬度卻沒有高到可以藉由㈣工具存 式’以任何不可接受的程度降低鋼材的機械加工性。 19 200417614 --~~~—臺經軟化退火之硬度 -- 硬度(HB) '~^一 255 309 微結構 結構性的研立, τ九_不此兩種材料，係不受到熱處理 ’ _SL包含"了 J：句白八+ 一一刀布的小碳化物，其中在某些情形合 結而形成較大的釉取此 曰小 。 〇钻4々物。圖1顯示了本發明之材料在n 5〇 f/10分鐘下進行沃斯田鐵化、並在5GG°C/2 X 2 h下進 订口火之後的微結構。將該材料於回火之後在空氣中進行· P八中/又有任何的材料被降至零下的溫度。 「熱處理過後的硬度」 針對參考材料丨與本發明之鋼材編號2,進行在介於 80 1 150 C / 10-30分鐘的沃斯田鐵化、再加上2 X 2匕介 於2 0 〇 - 6 5 0。厂夕叫 L之間的回火，之後的硬度係分別顯示於圖2a 和2B中。參考材料編號i在1〇8〇/3〇分鐘後達到了 ％_ HRC的硬度’而本發明之鋼材編號2則顯示在熱處理之 後’。也就是藉φ 115(rc/1〇分鐘的沃斯田鐵化、再加上鲁 5 00 C / 2 X 2的回火，其具有達到62-63HRc的潛能。 「殘餘的沃斯田鐵含量」 就貝驗所使用之鋼材而言，在熱處理過後之殘餘的沃 ’、斤田鐵g畺係顯示於表3中。如同預期一般，在1 1 $ 〇。〇下 進行沃斯田鐵化相較於在1〇8〇。〇下進行沃斯田鐵化，會導 致殘餘的沃斯田鐵含量增加。應該要提醒的是，在沒有任 何材料進行零下冷卻的關係下，最好是採取一些步驟來進The hardness of two steel materials under soft annealing conditions is shown in Table 2 4 It is clear from this table that 'Steel No. 2 according to the present invention has a higher hardness than the 25-pass hardness of the reference material. The hard square is 30%, however, its hardness is not so high that the machinability of the steel can be reduced by any unacceptable degree by using the tool tool. 19 200417614-~~~-Hardness after softening annealing-Hardness (HB) '~ ^ 一 255 309 Research on microstructure and structure, τ 九 _No two materials, not subject to heat treatment' _SL contains " Le J: Ju Bai Ba + small carbides of one-to-one cloth, which in some cases combine to form a larger glaze, which is smaller. 〇Drill 4 pieces. Figure 1 shows the microstructure of the material according to the invention after Vostian ironing at n 50 f / 10 minutes and the bead firing at 5GG ° C / 2 X 2 h. The material was tempered in air after the tempering. • Any material was lowered to sub-zero temperature. "Hardness after heat treatment" For the reference material 丨 and the steel number 2 of the present invention, the Vostian ironing is performed at 80 1 150 C / 10-30 minutes, and the 2 X 2 dagger is between 20 and 0. -6 5 0. The factory is called tempering between L, and the subsequent hardness systems are shown in Figures 2a and 2B, respectively. The reference material number i reached% _HRC hardness 'after 1080/3 minutes, and the steel number 2 of the present invention is shown after heat treatment'. That is, by borrowing φ 115 (rc / 10 minutes of Vostian ironization, plus Lu 5000 C / 2 X 2 tempering, it has the potential to reach 62-63HRc. "Residual Vostian iron content As far as the steel used in the Bayan test is concerned, the residual iron and iron fields after the heat treatment are shown in Table 3. As expected, the iron field was carried out at 11 $ 〇.〇 Compared to the ironing of Vosstian at 1080 °, it will lead to an increase in the residual Vastian iron content. It should be reminded that in the absence of any material for sub-zero cooling, it is best to take Some steps to come in

20 200417614 -步減少殘餘沃斯田鐵的含量。藉由^光繞射術 diffractography )量測殘餘沃斯田鐵的含量。 鋼材 〇 熱處理 鐘)+回火(°c)時間(小時) i〇8〇/30+50Q/2 X 2 表3 理過後之殘餘沃斯田含量 殘餘沃斯田鐵的含量(體積 1150/10+500/2 X 2 JQ80/30+500/2 X 2 1150/10+500/2 X 220 200417614-Steps to reduce the content of residual Vostian iron. The residual Vastian iron content was measured by diffractography. Steel 0 heat treatment clock) + tempering (° c) time (hours) i〇〇〇 / 30 + 50Q / 2 X 2 Table 3 Residual Vastian content after treatment +500/2 X 2 JQ80 / 30 + 500/2 X 2 1150/10 + 500/2 X 2

2 「研磨磨耗」 根據針對盤的方法（pin_against_disc_meth⑷來量測 抗研磨磨耗性，其係使用Sl〇2作為抗磨耗劑。其結果顯示 於圖3之中。此圖式係顯示本發明之鋼材編號2具有較參 考材料編號1還要顯著優異的抗磨耗性。 「全規格（尺寸）實驗」 根據本發明粉末是藉由傳統的方式，以具有本發明 之化學組成的溶融鋼材進行氣體喷霧所製造而成。將粉末 填裝入容器中，並藉由熱均壓（HIP_lng)而固結，以達到 材料的密度。製造出三個經過熱均壓的鑄錠U均具 有大約2公嘲的重量。將其中之一鱗鍵進行鍛造，以形成 :寸分別為0160毫米和260 X 60毫米的棒狀物。將從第 次所提及之棒狀物的中心採集樣本進行分析，也就是表 中的鋼材職4。將ELMAX@形式之棒狀鋼材使用來作 為-種麥考材#，其係以相同之粉末冶金方式，鍛造而成 :寸為014〇毫米的棒狀物’也就是鋼材編號3。在該表4 ，磷、硫、鎢、鎳、銅、鈷和氧均為不可避免之雜質。 21 200417614 雖然其他的雜質均無記載於該表中，但是其均落於在製造 恰可谷許之正常的範圍中。所有的成分含量都是以重量％ 來表不，除了氧以外，氧是以ppnl來表示。其餘的都是鐵 表4 :化學組成，重量％，其餘的為鐵以及在正常含 量下的雜質。 鋼材 編號 C Si Μη Ρ S Cr Mo V W Ni Cu ( 3 1.69 0.85 0.32 .02 .008 18.0 1.00 2.87 .26 •20 07 4 2.73 0.33 0.32 .02 .020 21.0 1.62 5.32 .12 .18 .04 .J .(2 "Abrasion and abrasion" The anti-abrasion and abrasion resistance is measured according to the method for pins (pin_against_disc_meth⑷), which uses S02 as an anti-wear agent. The results are shown in Figure 3. This figure shows the steel number of the present invention 2 has significantly better abrasion resistance than the reference material No. 1. "Full specification (size) test" The powder according to the present invention is subjected to a gas spraying by a conventional method with a molten steel having the chemical composition of the present invention. Manufactured. The powder is filled into a container and consolidated by hot equalization (HIP_lng) to achieve the density of the material. Three hot-pressed ingots U are manufactured, each having about 2 males. Weight. One of the scale keys is forged to form rods of 0160 mm and 260 X 60 mm. Samples will be collected from the center of the rod mentioned for analysis, which is the table. Medium steel post 4. The rod-shaped steel in the form of ELMAX @ is used as-种 麦考 材 #, which is forged by the same powder metallurgy method: a rod with a size of 0140 mm, that is, steel Number 3 In Table 4, phosphorus, sulfur, tungsten, nickel, copper, cobalt, and oxygen are all unavoidable impurities. 21 200417614 Although other impurities are not listed in the table, they all fall into the manufacturing process In the normal range. All ingredients are expressed in weight%. Except for oxygen, oxygen is expressed in ppnl. The rest are iron. Table 4: Chemical composition, weight%, the rest is iron and in Impurities at normal levels. Steel number C Si Μη Ρ S Cr Mo VW Ni Cu (3 1.69 0.85 0.32 .02 .008 18.0 1.00 2.87 .26 • 20 07 4 2.73 0.33 0.32 .02 .020 21.0 1.62 5.32 .12 .18 .04 .J. (

CoCo

N ill • 12 Ο _37_ 54N ill • 12 Ο _37_ 54

針對軟化退火過後的硬度（Η Β )、微結構、在不同 溫度之下進行沃斯田鐵化及回火過後的溫度、以及在所殘 餘之沃斯田鐵進行研究，均證實了在實驗試規格下進行的 實驗結果。該鋼材編號3之經軟化退火過後的硬度，其鋼 材中心量測出來的結果為266HB，而鋼材編號4在表面及 中心處的硬度則係介於302和3〇7之間，也就是說少於The research on the hardness (Η Β) after softening annealing, the microstructure, the temperature after Vossit ironing and tempering at different temperatures, and the remaining Vosstian iron were all studied in experimental tests. Results of experiments performed under specifications. The hardness of the steel No. 3 after softening and annealing, the measured result of the steel center is 266HB, and the hardness of the steel No. 4 on the surface and the center is between 302 and 307, which means less. to

310HB，也不應該超過310HB。在經過軟化退火過後的 條件下，兩種材料均具有包含均勻分布之碳化物的均勻微 結構。該經軟化退火過後的鋼材編號4係由具有圓形之鉻 的碳化物( )以及一些釩的碳化物或者是碳氮 化物M (C，N)的肥粒鐵基質所構成，其中M實質上為釩 。在鋼材於經硬化及回火過之條件下，該碳化物典型地具 有1一 5微米的尺寸。在該材料的某些部分中亦可能會發 現到一些較大的碳化物聚結體，其尺寸高達3一 1〇微米 就鋼材編號4而言，從相同的沃斯田鐵化溫度開始硬化之 後，其達到了咼於鋼材編號3大約2、5個HRC單位的硬 22 200417614 度。在從始硬化 下回火之後，鋼材編號4達到 ，以及在 525°C，2x 2h， 了大約63HRC的最理想硬度 更進一 抗腐餘性。 步再進行研究該鋼材 的抗磨耗性、延性、以及 抗磨耗性」310HB, it should not exceed 310HB. Under softened and annealed conditions, both materials have a uniform microstructure containing uniformly distributed carbides. The softened and annealed steel number 4 is composed of a ferrous matrix with round chromium carbides () and some vanadium carbides or carbonitrides M (C, N). For vanadium. The carbides typically have a size of 1 to 5 microns under hardened and tempered conditions of the steel. Some larger carbide agglomerates may also be found in some parts of the material, with sizes up to 3-10 microns. For steel number 4, after hardening from the same Vostian ironization temperature It reached a hardness of 22 200417614 degrees which is about 2 or 5 HRC units less than steel number 3. After tempering from the beginning of hardening, the steel number 4 is reached, and at 525 ° C, 2x 2h, it has an optimal hardness of about 63HRC and further improved corrosion resistance. Step by step to study the abrasion resistance, ductility, and abrasion resistance of the steel. "

▲根據針對盤的方法（pin-agai㈣-化c_meth〇d)來量測 ，考鋼材編#b 3 ( ELMAX® )與本發明之鋼材編號4之抗 研磨磨耗性’其係使用Si〇2作為抗磨耗劑。將鋼材編號3 的單-樣本藉由在1G8()。口進行沃斯田齡、並在5坑 一 X 2 h進行回火。再將鋼材編號4的六個樣本藉由在 不同概度下進行沃斯田鐵化並在5⑻。C及下個別進 行回火2 X 2 h ’來使其硬化成介於61·3和64 6hrc之間 的不同硬度。其結果係顯示於圖4中。在此圖中，參考材 ;斗之鋼材、扁號3的唯一樣本，是在市售鋼# elmax⑧之抗 磨耗性的習知條件下而完成，並以晝線的區域來說明表示 。亥硐材。如同目4所顯示5本發明之鋼材編號4顯示了明 顯較少的磨耗，也就是說，#具有較為優異的抗磨耗性， 延樣的結果也可以解釋成相較於鋼材編號3而言，鋼材編 娩4具有較尚的硬度、以及卩μ?。和Μχ”粒子為形式之 較高含量的硬相。因此，鋼材編?虎4包含了大約Μ體積 %的MX-相和大約3 3雕接η/ , Α 、 々八、τ w肢積％的M7CV相，總合大約為34·5▲ Measured according to the pin-agai method (c-method), consider the anti-abrasive resistance of steel series #b 3 (ELMAX®) and the steel number 4 of the present invention, which uses Si〇2 as the Antiwear agent. Pass the single-sample of steel number 3 by 1G8 (). Mouth was vossfield-aged and tempered at 5 pits X 2 h. Six samples of steel No. 4 were then subjected to Vostian ironing at different degrees and at 5 °. C and the lower part are tempered 2 X 2 h 'to harden them to different hardnesses between 61.3 and 64 6 hrc. The results are shown in FIG. 4. In this figure, the only samples of the reference material; bucket steel and flat number 3 were completed under the conventional abrasion resistance of commercially available steel # elmax⑧, and are illustrated in the area of the day line. Haywood. As shown in item 5 of the present invention, the steel No. 4 of the present invention shows significantly less wear, that is, # has better abrasion resistance, and the results of the extended sample can also be interpreted as compared to steel No. 3, The steel braid 4 has a relatively high hardness and 卩 μ ?. And Mx ”particles are a relatively high content of the hard phase. Therefore, the steel braided tiger 4 contains about MX-% of MX-phase and about 3 3 engraved η /, Α, 々, τ w limb volume% M7CV phase, the total is about 34 · 5

體積％的硬相敕+，姊、；^ A 1千然而鋼材編號3總共僅有包含大約為 21·2體積％的硬相粒子，其中12體積％為Μχ，以及大Vol% hard phase 敕 +, 、, ^ A 1 thousand However, steel number 3 only contains hard phase particles of approximately 21.2 vol% in total, of which 12 vol% is Μχ, and large

23 200417614 約22體積％ Λ 〇芍M7c3-相 「延性」 正常的丨杳& 下降。而正常:下’鋼材的延性會隨著因為硬度的增力“ …p 的情形下，延性亦會隨著硬相粒子的含量 加而下降。拿每 ν ο里 ，如果如果硬相粒子的含量大幅度增力 的话’則延性诵舍23 200417614 Approx. 22% by volume Λ 〇 芍 M7c3-phase "Ductility" Normal 杳 & decline. And normal: Under the condition that the ductility of steel will increase with the increase of hardness "... p, the ductility will also decrease with the increase of the content of hard phase particles. Take every ν ο, if the content of hard phase particles If you greatly increase the strength, then the ductile recitation

通*也都會大幅度的下降。然而，這種趨, 卻肅本發明之中注意到，係令人感到高度驚訐㈠ 同圖Η所顯示，雖然本發明之鋼材相較於參考材料而1 具有較高含量（超過60%單位）之硬相粒子（34·5體積% 相較於21.2體積％ )，但是本發明之鋼材的延性卻僅僅希 微低於該參考材料的延性。 「抗腐姓性」 抗腐蝕性的量測是透過極化圖的產生而得，其係於 0.05Μ之H2S04 ( pH吨2 )中對鋼材進行測試。於表五中 ’提供了抗腐蝕性，其係以在兩種不同之熱處理過後，於 活性峰頂（active peak )之腐#電流icr所量測。由該表中 很明顯地可以得知5本發明之鋼材編號4所量測的腐钱電 流較參考材料鋼材編號3的腐蚀電流為低，也就是說，本 發明之鋼材編號4具有比鋼材編號3還要優異的抗腐蝕性 24 200417614 表 方；/舌性峰頂（active peak )上 的Ί/l腐名虫性 之腐蝕電流、所量測Pass * will also drop significantly. However, this trend is noticed in the present invention, which is highly surprising. As shown in the figure, although the steel of the present invention has a higher content (more than 60% units) compared to the reference material, ) Hard particles (34.5 vol% compared to 21.2 vol%), but the ductility of the steel of the present invention is only slightly lower than that of the reference material. "Anti-corrosion surname" The measurement of anti-corrosion is obtained through the generation of a polarization pattern, which is used to test steel in 0.05M H2S04 (pH ton 2). Corrosion resistance is provided in Table 5 and is measured by rot #current icr at the active peak after two different heat treatments. It is clear from the table that the corrosion current measured by the steel number 4 of the present invention 5 is lower than the corrosion current of the reference material steel number 3, that is, the steel number 4 of the present invention has a lower number than the steel number. 3 Also excellent corrosion resistance 24 200417614 Table; / / on the tongue peak (active peak) / l rotten corrosion current, measured

熱處理 1080°C/30 分鐘+200°C/2x2h l〇80°C/30 分鐘+525°C/2x2h l〇80°C/30 分鐘+200°C/2x2hHeat treatment 1080 ° C / 30 minutes + 200 ° C / 2x2h l〇80 ° C / 30 minutes + 525 ° C / 2x2h l〇80 ° C / 30 minutes + 200 ° C / 2x2h

腐I虫電流 0,58 37_ 033 15 以上所敘述之以生產線規格所製造的鋼材測試 ::明之鋼材相對於參考材料而言，具有實質上較佳的 抗磨^性、還有幾乎相等或者是稍微低的延性、以及相等 ^者疋^佳之抗腐钱性。藉由增加氮的含量可以獲得更進 v的改良，同時碳含量會降低，才能使得％ ( c + N )基 本上传以維持固定。此舉會導致鋼材中的硬相粒子總含f ::處理之後減少。的確，此舉增加了 Μχ_相的數量，俱 是’又有το王補乜μ/3·相所減少的含量，其中Μ實質上是 鉻，同時其代表的意思就是溶解掉的絡含量增加了，也因 此該經過熱處理之材料的抗腐#性也增加了。 ，在表6中，顯示了本發明之一些可以想到的鋼材，其 化學組成以及估算出來的硬相含量，i具有不同含量的破 和氮，退有其餘之〇·2的Si、0.3的MN、鐵、以及雜質 25 表6 ·· 一些可以相$,丨 算的硬相：旦材的化學組成（重量％)以及估 鐵化溫戶n ^ (積％)，並從各種不同的沃斯田 鋼材 Vcl 1080 5 1120 1150 1120 6 1150 1120 7 1150 1120 8 1150 r\ 1120 9 1150 重量？ ί--ΖΖΖΠ 硬相含fY艚籍％、 __Cr Mo V MX m7c, 總合 21.0 1.51 32.92 34.4 1.60 5.30 1.47 32.29 33.8 1.44 31.76 33 ο 21.0 1.60 5.30 _ 2.26 30.89 33.3 2.22 30.34 21.0 1.60 5.30 3.12 29.30 J 么.VJ 32.4 3.10 28.74 318 21.0 1.60 5.30 4.63 25.39 30.0 __ 4.61 24.80 29 4 21.0 1.60 6.29 19.83 261 ^ J \J 6.26 19.20 255 【圖式簡單說明 於以下所進杆少^ 為參考資料n貫驗的敘述中，將會以伴隨的圖示作 圖1 _3所說明的η *每人 的研究； 、疋在貫鉍室規格下所製造出來之鋼材 圖1為一張顯 分的微結構照片； 圖2Α與圖2β 回火圖形； 示根據本發明之鋼材所製成之物品一部 係分別顯示參考材料與本發明之鋼材的 圖3係顯示失| 、 多亏材料與本發明之鋼材在執處理過後的 抗磨耗性；而 ” 圖 4 - 5 戶斤士穿 °明的是在生產線規模上所製造出來之鋼材 26 200417614 的研究； 圖4係顯示所研究之鋼材其硬度對於抗研磨磨耗性的 影響； 圖5則係說明相同的鋼材其硬度對於延展性的影響。Rot I insect current 0,58 37_ 033 15 Tests on steel made with production line specifications as described above: Ming steel has substantially better abrasion resistance compared to reference materials, and is almost equal or Slightly lower ductility, and better anti-corruption properties. By increasing the nitrogen content, more improvements can be obtained, and at the same time, the carbon content will be reduced, so that the% (c + N) can be basically uploaded to maintain constant. This will result in a reduction in the total f: in the hard phase particles in the steel after treatment. Indeed, this increase the number of Μχ_phases, which is also the content reduced by το 王 乜 乜 / 3/3 phase, where Μ is essentially chromium, meanwhile, it means that the content of dissolved complexes is increased. As a result, the corrosion resistance of the heat-treated material is also increased. In Table 6, some conceivable steel materials of the present invention are shown, their chemical composition and estimated hard phase content, i has different contents of nitrogen and nitrogen, and the rest of 0.2 Si, 0.3 MN , Iron, and impurities 25 Table 6 · Some hard phases that can be calculated as follows: the chemical composition of the denier (wt%) and the estimated iron temperature n ^ (product%), and from a variety of different Voss Tian Steel Vcl 1080 5 1120 1150 1120 6 1150 1120 7 1150 1120 8 1150 r \ 1120 9 1150 Weight? The hard phase contains fY%, __Cr Mo V MX m7c, total 21.0 1.51 32.92 34.4 1.60 5.30 1.47 32.29 33.8 1.44 31.76 33 ο 21.0 1.60 5.30 _ 2.26 30.89 33.3 2.22 30.34 21.0 1.60 5.30 3.12 29.30 J ?. VJ 32.4 3.10 28.74 318 21.0 1.60 5.30 4.63 25.39 30.0 __ 4.61 24.80 29 4 21.0 1.60 6.29 19.83 261 ^ J \ J 6.26 19.20 255 [The diagram is briefly explained in the following descriptions. ^ It is a reference in the narrative test. The accompanying diagrams will be used to make η * each person's research described in Figures 1-3; and, 疋 The steel manufactured by the bismuth room specifications Figure 1 is a photograph of a significant microstructure; Figure 2A and Figure 2β tempering pattern; a part showing an article made of steel according to the present invention is a part showing a reference material and the steel of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing loss, thanks to the wear resistance of the material and the steel of the present invention after being processed Fig. 4-5 households wear through. It is clear that the steel produced on the scale of the production line is 26 200417614. Figure 4 shows the hardness of the steel studied. Effects; FIG. 5 is the same system described for the impact hardness of steel ductility.

2727

Claims (1)

200417614 拾、申請專利範圍·· 1 · 一種鋼材料，其特徵在於該鋼 方式加以製造，並具有一化學組成 ？以粉末冶金的 2.2-3.3(c+N)，然而至少為。二量％): 〇.1-2.0 Sl .3C 以及至少 0.06N 0.1 -2.0 19-23 Cr 最高為2.0 Ni 最高為2.0 Co 然而最高為1.0 w 我而最高為o.l Nb 0.5-3.0 ( M〇 + w/2 ) 4.2-7.5 (V + Nb/2 ) 最高為0.2 S 其餘的基本上口古#、 一有鐵以及正常數量的雜質。 2·根據申請專利範圍第 鋼材料包含了 4.2-6_4(V + Nb/2鋼材枓’其特徵在於該 3·根據申請專利範圍第 於該鋼材料包含了 2 4 31 /員之鋼材料，其特徵在 匕 5 『2.4-3.1 C，較佳為 2·55·2·85 c。 4·根據申請專利範圊坌 七入# 视固弟1或2項之鋼材料，苴牲外产 於该鋼材料包含了 20_22&。 ，、特敛在 5 ·根據申請專利範_笙 士入 乾固弟1或2項之鋼材料，苴牲料产 於該鋼材料包含τ ; ，、特欲在 十匕β 了 U + l ( Mo + W/2)，铁而曰一达 W。 怒而取尚為0.5 6.根據申請專利篇閱结 圍弟1或2項之鋼材料，其特徵在 28 4 /()14 方；4鋼材料包含了 U-UMo以及最高之〇.1〇 w。 7.根據申請專利範圍第1項之鋼材料，发 鋼材料#人τ /。 Τ /、特被在於該 己了 4.8-5.7 V以及最高之〇.04 Nb。 於根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之鋼材料，兑特忾， W鋼材料包含了 cm-um，較佳為最高之〇8s、.特破在 的為大約0.5Si。 取-之0.8 Sl，適當 1 ^ 2 _ 當的為大約I:: 一 :〇.根據申請專利範圍第U 2項 在於該鋼材料肖冬τ田上* a 〆、特欲 取向為0·1，較佳為最高0.5，最八適 為取兩0.025%的硫。 取〇適 :1_根據申請專利範圍第丨《2項之鋼材料 在方；遠鋼材料向冬田^ /、寺被 +匕b 了取鬲l.ONi，適當為最高〇.7犯。 2_根據申請專利範圍第u項之 該鋼材料不包含雜,…L 纟特被在於 匕3 ‘貝矛王度以上的鎳。 :3.根據申請專利範圍第丨《2 在於該鋼材料白入T ^ f具知谜 匕各了取尚l.OCo,適當為最高〇 7C〇。 •根據申請專利範圍第13項之鋼 該鋼材料不包含雜質程度以上的銘。 “寺被在於 15.根據申請專利範圍第i或2項 在於該鋼材料包山 灯才丨其特说 4 一 3 了取南2%的N ’較佳為最高0.3 N，適 田為取向0.15N。 1 6 ·根據申請專利笳囹筮 寻刊軌圍昂1或2項之鋼材料，其特徵 29 於=鋼材料包含了。·2_〇.4n以及2.2;8c。 該鋼材料::申了 範圍第16項之鋼材料，其特徵在於 广…0.20-0.32 N 以及 2.4_2 7c。 8·根據申請專利範 該鋼材料包含了大約為。·25…大約：：，其特徵在於 19·根據申請專利範圍第 Μ .Μ。 在於該鋼材料包含了 〇5】 & 1員之鋼材料，其特徵 9λ 3 7 1.5-2.lc〇 川·根據申請專利範圍 該鋼材料包含了 項之鋼材料，其特徵在於 十…〇·6-〇.9Ν 以及 i 65] 95c。 ·根據申請專利範圍第2。項之鋼材料…”， ^^^^T 0.65-0.85 n^1<75_187c〇^-^^ 22·根據申請專利範圍 在於該鋼材料包含了。一丄 該二===19項之鋼材料，其特徵在於 … 5-〇.55心及 2.15-2.30 C。 24.根據申請專利範圍 在於該鋼材料係以粉末冶二=項之鋼材料，其特徵 金製造包括了計-一 式來加以製造，該粉末冶 了將*谷融鋼材料進行氮氣氣體喷霧。 25 ·根據申請專利範圍第 在於該鋼材料係以粉末冶全的丄/之鋼材料，其特徵 嫩…藉由炫融鋼材的氣體喷霧來製造粉；= 為虱軋乳體噴霧）、以及將該粉末進行固相氮化。乂仏 26· -種根據申請專利範圍第"5 ，其係用於製造-種將電子元件封裝在強化塑膠== 30 200417614 工具 27· 一種將電子元件封裝在強化塑膠材料裡的工具， 其特徵在於該工具係由申諳衷 ,,,^ T叫專利軛圍弟1 項之鋼材料所 成 且其係藉由在介於1000和115(rc之間的溫度下進 仃沃斯田鐵化而被硬化，較佳係介於1〇8 =下、’適當係介…和崎之間的溫度；，並 皿度冷部’然後隨即在介於彻# 5咐之間的溫度 下進行-次或者是數次的…使其硬度變成6〇_64hrc 數==於450# 525t之間的溫度下進行—次或者是 人、回火’使其硬度變成62-63 HRC。 28. 根據申請專利範圍第27項之工具 :具中的鋼材包含了⑽體靖碳化物，其基ί上係 Μ ::1 2二化物：—氮化物、及，或-碳氮化物（其中的 石炭氮化物（其中㈣主要為幻所構成。 或― 29. 根據申請專利範圍第28項之工具，其特徵在於該 工具中的鋼材包含了 2〇-2〇體積％的M7C3 一碳化物 Λ 化物、及/或—碳氮化物，以及3_1〇體積％ 物、-氮化物、及/或-碳氮化物。 -化 工旦根據中請專利範圍第27項之卫具，其特徵在於該 /、’、申請專利範圍第1-15項的鋼材料所製成，且該工 ”中的鋼材包含了 3〇_34體積％的M/广碳化物，以 31 1 體積％的MC-碳化物、-氮化物、及/或-碳氮化物,_ 2 總共為32-35體積％的硬相。 匕物， 200417614 31·根據申請專利範圍第27項之工具，其特徵在於 工且#由由上主由 、必 ^ 甲明專利範圍第16-23和25項的鋼材料所製成， 且该工具中的鋼材包含了 ϊ8-32體積％的M7c3—碳化物， 以及2-8體積％的Mc — J MC 反化物、—虱化物、及/或—石山 氮化物；總共為23'34體積％的硬相。 厌 3 2 ·根據申請專利範圍第 於將該工具在至少任何有關於 熱刼作以後，進行零下冷卻以 田鐵。 27-31項之工具，其特徵在 沃斯田鐵化及/或回火的加 消除材料中斯我殘餘的沃斯200417614 Scope of Patent Application ·· 1 · A steel material, which is characterized in that the steel is manufactured in a way and has a chemical composition? Take powder metallurgy 2.2-3.3 (c + N), however at least. 2% by weight): 〇.1-2.0 Sl .3C and at least 0.06N 0.1 -2.0 19-23 Cr up to 2.0 Ni up to 2.0 Co however up to 1.0 w I and up to ol Nb 0.5-3.0 (M〇 + w / 2) 4.2-7.5 (V + Nb / 2) up to 0.2 S. The rest are basically Kogu #, one with iron and normal amounts of impurities. 2. According to the scope of the patent application, the steel material contains 4.2-6_4 (V + Nb / 2 steel 枓 ', which is characterized in that 3. According to the scope of the patent application, the steel material contains 2 4 31 / member of steel material, which It is characterized by dagger 5 "2.4-3.1 C, preferably 2.55 · 2 · 85 c. 4. According to the patent application Fan 圊 坌 七 入 # Steel material 1 or 2 according to the application, which is produced outside the animal The steel material contains 20_22 &., Which is particularly concentrated in the 5 · According to the patent application _ Shengshi into the dry solid steel 1 or 2 steel materials, the material produced from this steel material contains τ; Dagger β has U + l (Mo + W / 2), iron and one is W. Anger is still 0.5. 6. According to the patent application, read the steel material of the 1st or 2nd brother, its characteristics are in 28 4 / () 14 square; 4 steel materials include U-UMo and the highest 0.10w. 7. According to the steel material in the first patent application scope, the hair steel material # 人 τ /. Τ /, special lies in It has 4.8-5.7 V and a maximum of 0.04 Nb. For steel materials according to item 1 or 2 of the scope of patent application, W steel, W steel material contains cm-um, preferably a maximum of 0s Specially broken is about 0.5Si. Take-of 0.8 Sl, appropriate 1 ^ 2 _ when it is about I :: 1 :: 0. According to the scope of the patent application, the U 2 item lies in the steel material Xiao Dong τ on the field * a特, the specific orientation is 0 · 1, preferably 0.5 at the highest, and the most suitable is to take two 0.025% of sulfur. Take 0 suitable: 1_ According to the scope of the patent application 丨 "2 steel materials in the square; Yuan Steel The material was taken from the winter field ^ /, the temple was taken + bb. ONi, appropriate is the highest 0.7 offense. 2_ According to the u scope of the patent application, the steel material does not contain impurities, ... Dagger 3 'nickel above the king's spear .: 3. According to the scope of the application for patent No. 丨 "2 lies in the steel material T ^ f knowing the mystery dagger each take up 1. OCo, appropriate to the highest 0 07C. • According to the steel in the scope of patent application No. 13 the steel material does not contain inscriptions above the level of impurities. "The quilt lies in 15. According to the scope of application of the patent i or 2 lies in the steel material Baoshan Lantern 丨 its special 4 1 3 N 2% of the south is preferably 0.3 N at the highest, and Shida is oriented at 0.15 N. 1 6 · According to the patent application, search for steel with 1 or 2 rails Material, its characteristic 29 is included in the steel material. 2_〇.4n and 2.2; 8c. This steel material :: The steel material of the 16th item of the scope, which is characterized by a wide range of 0.20-0.32 N and 2.4_2 7c. 8. According to the patent application, the steel material contains approximately. · 25 ... approximately ::, characterized by 19. · No. M.M according to the scope of patent application. Because the steel material contains 0 and 1 member of steel material, which is characterized by 9λ 3 7 1.5-2.lc. · According to the scope of the patent application, this steel material contains the steel material of the item, which is characterized by ten ... 6-0.9N and i 65] 95c. According to the scope of patent application No. 2. The steel material of the item ... ”, ^^^^ T 0.65-0.85 n ^ 1 < 75_187c〇 ^-^^ 22 · According to the scope of the patent application, the steel material is included. One of the two === 19 steel materials , Which is characterized by ... 5-〇.55 心 and 2.15-2.30 C. 24. According to the scope of the patent application, the steel material is a steel material with powder metallurgy 2 = item, and its characteristic gold manufacturing includes a meter-type to be manufactured The powder smelted the * Gu Rong steel material by nitrogen gas spraying. 25 · According to the scope of the patent application, the steel material is a steel material made of powder smelting steel, which is characterized by tenderness ... Gas spray to make powder; = spray for lice rolling milk), and solid-phase nitridation of the powder. 乂 仏 26 ·-According to the scope of application patent " 5, it is used for manufacturing-a kind of electronic Component encapsulated in reinforced plastic == 30 200417614 Tool 27 · A tool for encapsulating electronic components in reinforced plastic material, which is characterized by the fact that the tool is a steel material called the patent yoke sibling 1 item It is formed by a temperature between 1000 and 115 (rc仃 Vostian is ironized and hardened, preferably between 108 and below, 'appropriate temperature between ... and Saki; and the cold part' and then between between # 5 彻-Temperature or several times at the temperature of… to make the hardness become 6〇_64hrc number == at 450 # 525t temperature-times or person, tempering to make the hardness of 62-63 HRC 28. The tool according to item 27 of the scope of the patent application: The steel in the tool contains a carbohydrate carbide, which is based on M :: 1 2 dioxide:-nitrides, and-carbonitrides ( Among them, carbonitride (where ㈣ is mainly composed of magic.) ― 29. The tool according to item 28 of the patent application scope is characterized in that the steel in the tool contains 20-20% by volume of M7C3 monocarbide Λ compound, and / or-carbonitride, and 3-10 vol%, -nitride, and / or -carbonitride. -Chemical industry According to the 27th item of the patent scope of the patent, it is characterized by the / , ', Made of steel materials in the scope of patent applications Nos. 1-15, and the steel in this process contains 3〇_ 34% by volume of M / wide carbide, with 31 1% by volume of MC-carbide, -nitride, and / or -carbonitride, _ 2 is a total of 32-35% by volume of hard phase. Dagger, 200417614 31. The tool according to item 27 of the scope of the patent application, characterized in that the work and # are made of steel materials by the owner, and must be the items of the patent scope 16-23 and 25, and the steel in the tool Contains 8-32% by volume of M7c3-carbide, and 2-8% by volume of Mc—J MC reactant, lice compound, and / or—Ishiyama nitride; a total of 23'34% by volume of hard phase. Disgusting 3 2 According to the scope of the patent application, the tool should be cooled below zero after at least any hot operation. The tool of items 27-31, which is characterized by the residual Voss in Vostian Iron and / or Tempering Removal Materials 拾壹、圖式： 如次頁Pick up, schema: as the next page 3232