200414648 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種具多功能模式之再生能源變流裝置 ’尤指-種應用於再生能源（如：太陽能源光電陽能源、 風能、水能等能源）的變流技術。 【先前技術】 太陽能源是一種無污染且取之不盡的能源，除可針對市電 供電不㈣偏遠地區是為-種直接享受電力供應的最佳方式外 ’各國政府亦大量鼓勵-般家庭裝設太陽能供電設備，以減少 發電廠供應市電的負擔’同時可解決核能發電的核廢料以及火 力發電的二氧化碳污染環境的環保問題。 惟，太陽能源發電設備的價錢昂貴，且會依照不同連接負 載形式，使設備的轉換效率高低不一致，如第七圖所示，係為 一習用太陽能源變流裝置的方塊圖，其適用於獨立負載，其包 含有·· -充電$ ( 7 0 )，係連接至太陽能板（8 〇 )的直流輸 出端； 一升壓單tl ( 7 1 )，係連接至該充電器（7 〇 )和電池 (7 3 )的輸出端，將其輸出直流電壓轉換為高直流電壓，· 一變流器（7 2 )，係連接至該升壓單元（γ ；!)，將高 直流電壓轉換為交流電壓後輸出至獨立負載（8丄）； 蓄黾/也（7 3 )，係連接至該充電器（7 〇 )的輸出端 上述太陽能源變流裝置係先由充電器（7 〇 )將太陽板（ 200414648 8 0 )輸出的直流電源輸入至蓄電池（7 3 )，以對蓄電池（ 7 3)進行充電作業，此太陽能變流裝置—般使用大約“伏特 規格的蓄電池（73)，以供應獨立負载（81)所需之電源 ’此外’由於蓄電池（7 3 )與升壓電路（7丄）直接連接於 充電器（70)的輸出端，造成電壓轉換比過高，而令整個變 流裝置的轉換效率係約為9〇%。 另’有人將該充電器（7〇)内建MPPT ( Maximuni Power Point Tracking)技術，藉以監》空太陽能板輸出的直流電源達 到最大功率，如第六圖所示，避免前端的太陽能（8 0 )板輸 出直流電源至充電器（7〇)間造成功率損失，令變流器（7 2 )充份利用到太陽能板（8 0 )輸出的最大電源。然而，加 入MPPT功能仍無法令此一太陽能源變流裝置的整體效率提高。 明參閱第八圖所示，係為一種應用於高壓電網連結負載（ 8 1 a ) ^太陽能變流裝置，其基本結構與前揭變流裝置相同 ’惟無蓄電池和充電器（圖中未示）之設備，可完整地將太陽 能板（8 0 )輸出的直流電源全轉換為交流電源提供予高壓電 網連結負載（81a)，其中該太陽能板㈡可使用高壓 的光伏特電池（>300伏特），又，因轉換電壓比較低，故此變 流裝置的轉換效率至少可提高到95%。不加裝蓄電池雖有前揭 之優點，但同時也是缺點，因為在某些應用備用電源仍是必需 ’倘若為具有備用電源而在升壓I元與變流器間外加裝一組蓄 7池’除了蓄電池需使用高壓電容量外，還需加裝充電器，如 是’則增加整組變流裝置的成本及電路的複雜度，不僅因變流 絲σσ ”、、法拴制充電裔所造成太陽能輸出的電源達不到最大功率， 200414648 而且對使用者來說亦不方便裝設。 由上述可知，目前針對獨立運作負載與電網連結負載 欲連接使用太陽能電源，而提供不同的變流裝置，然而， 誠如前揭兩種習用變流裝置的介紹可知，確實存在使用上 及適用性不佳等缺點，因此確實有必要進一步改良，以提 供使用者方便裝設的太陽能變流裝置。 【發明内容】 為此’本發明係提供一種應用再生能源的變流器，係提供 各種功月b模式’以滿足不同負載狀態（如獨立負載系統或電網 連結負載）及應用情況所需之交流電源。 欲達上述目的所使用之主要技術手段係令該變流裝置包含 有： 一監控單元，係其包含有監控輸入端、輸出端及控制端， 用以負貝整個系統的功率監視及相關控制，並内建有Μρρτ功能 ，以令再生能源裝置輸出的直流電源功率達最大狀態； 一升壓單元，係設於太陽板的電源輸出端，以將該低壓直 流電源轉換為高壓直流電源，並輸出於高壓匯流排上； 變流器’係連接於高壓匯流排及該監控單元的控制端， 其輸出端係供如獨立負載系統或電網連結負載； 一外加式雙向充電器，係外接於高壓匯流排上，並受該監 控單元控制並與蓄電池連接； 上述太陽能變流裝置係藉由該監控單元對再生能源裝置與 、載間的電源功率供需之要求，進而控制高壓匯流排的高壓電 源分散至雙向充電器及變流器的比例，而該雙向充電器是否致 200414648 能動作，端視連接的負載形式 以及變流裝置是否需外加蓄電池 π朴=有蓄電池，則該監控單元會控制雙向充電器及變流 取伃回[電源的比例’並且檢測再生能源裝置輸出電源不足 時，控制雙向充電器轉而從蓄電池提供變流器所需之直流高壓 ’再由Ή器轉換為交流電源提供予負載； 右…、加破蓄電池，則變流器可全數將高壓匯流排的輸出完 全轉換為交流電源，以提供予負載。 由上述可知，本發明係藉由監控單元對再生能㈣置則 載作供㈣源功率的檢測，可控制變流器與處於充電模式的, 向充電裔之間取得最佳的高壓電源，以令變流裝置在加裝蓄； 池的工作模式下，仍可保有高轉換效率，此外，亦可於再生截 源裝置輸出電源不足的狀態下，立即控制雙向充電器對侧 仏電7負麟續取得交流電源使用，相當具有實用性。 【實施方式】 *本發明係-種本發明係提供—種具有多種工作模式 :式的再士能源變流裝置，可依照負載形式的不同而切換到 &、作模式下’並且具有局轉換效能及操作方便等特點。 有一:二參閱第一圖所示，係為本發明的-方塊圖:係包含 ^ 瓜才工早疋(10)、井愿I开r〇n、 、丄u J核早70 ( 2 0 )、變流器（ 及一外加式雙向充電器（4〇)，苴中摊 (5 八又向充電态係供蓄電池 (=)相，而升麼單元（20)則與能源轉換器（6〇) 的直μ電源輸出端連接。 200414648 上述監控單元（10)係包含有監控輸入端、輪出端及控 制&’用以負責整個系、統的功率監視及相關控制，並内建有 MPPT功# ’以令再生能源裝置輸出到這個變流裝置的直流電源 功率達最大«(詳如后述）；該監控單元（iq)可以由微 處理器或硬體線路實現’其中該Μρρτ功能亦可以由微處理器實 現中，或以硬體電路實現。 。上述升壓早7G ( 2 〇 )係設於能源轉換器（6 〇 )的直流 :源輸出4，以將該低壓直流電源轉換為高壓直流電源，並將 阿壓直流電源輸出至—高壓匯流排（2 4)上，再請參閱第二 圖所不’ 4升塵單χ(2 〇 )進—步包括有—顺控制器（2 2 )、一電子開關（2 3 )及一連接至高塵匯流排（2 4)的 升塵電感（2 1)，其中該電子開關（2 3)可為一瓣旧元 件’其閘極係受該™控制器（22)控制其導通週期，以此 將升麼電感（2 1 )的高直流電壓輸出至高麼匯流排（2 4 π上述變流器（3 0 )係連接於高壓匯流排（2 4 )及監控 單元（圖中未示）的輸出端之間’以接受 1變流器（3〇)具有兩種運作模式，_種為獨立運作= ’另-則為電網連結運作模式。請參閱第四圖所示，該變流器 (3 〇 )係由兩組交替導通的電子開關對（Qi、卯）（卯、以 )和-濾波|§ ( L、c )構成一全橋式的變流單元，並進一步 包含有-電壓回授控制電路（3工）及一電流回授控制電路（ 3 2)，該電壓、電流回授控制電路（31) 2)的輸入 端係透過輸出電壓、輸出電流檢測器（3丄3 ) 648 ==(L、C) ’而輪出端則透過-個模式切換開關( 丄)：：控制器(34)控制兩組電子開關請 二中該電流回授控制電路（32)的輸入端進一步連接:監 拴早兀MPPT電流輸出端’以控制電流器的輸出電流。 ^電壓回授控制電路（31)，係連接至該據波器（L )輸出知，係回授輸出電壓給簡控 制變流器（30)的輸出電壓;其主要由一減法器；：二 f:父流參考信號產生器（31。組成，該減法器（311 )係連接至該變流器f T 、Γ ^ • )的輸出端及交流參考信號產生 &輸出立而’並將之相減經過模式切換開關（3 3 )送到P WM控制器（3 4 )。 的電ί述：流回授控制電路（32)係用來控制變流單元輸出 的電〉瓜，其主要由一乘法哭Γ ㈣水在為（3 2 1 )、減法器（3 2 2 )及 一交流參考信號產㈣（3 2 3 )組成，㈣法 ::入端連接至該監控單元（10)㈣ρρτ電流控制輸出端及 又抓參考m生g ( 3 2 3 )的輸出端，而乘法器（3 2丄 )的輸出端則連接至減法器（ 3 2 2 )的輸入端，以與變流琴 輸出電流信號相減經過模式切換開關（3 3)送人送到_二 制器（3 4); 工 上述模式切換開關（3 3 )連接至電壓、電流控制電路（ 31) (32)的輸出端’其切換動作受監控單元（ι〇)押 制。而該™1控制器（34)的輸入端則透過模式切換開關j 3 3 )連接至電壓、電流回授控制電路㈡1 )( 3 2)，而 200414648200414648 发明 Description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a renewable energy converter device with a multi-functional mode, especially-a kind of renewable energy (such as solar energy, photovoltaic energy, wind energy, and water energy) Technology). [Previous technology] Solar energy is a pollution-free and inexhaustible source of energy. In addition to being the best way to directly enjoy the power supply for remote areas where the electricity supply is not limited to the city electricity, governments of various countries also encourage a lot of home-like equipment. The installation of solar power equipment to reduce the burden of power plants to supply the city's electricity, while at the same time can solve the environmental protection problems of nuclear power generation nuclear waste and thermal power generation carbon dioxide pollution environment. However, the solar power generation equipment is expensive, and the conversion efficiency of the equipment is inconsistent according to different connected load forms. As shown in Figure 7, it is a block diagram of a conventional solar power converter device, which is suitable for independent The load, which includes a charging $ (70), is connected to the DC output terminal of the solar panel (80); a booster single t1 (71) is connected to the charger (70) and The output end of the battery (7 3) converts its output DC voltage to a high DC voltage. A converter (7 2) is connected to the booster unit (γ ;!) to convert the high DC voltage to AC After the voltage is output to an independent load (8 丄); the storage / also (7 3) is connected to the output terminal of the charger (70). The above-mentioned solar energy converter device is firstly charged by the charger (70). The DC power output from the panel (200414648 8 0) is input to the battery (73) to charge the battery (73). This solar current conversion device generally uses an approximately "volt-sized battery (73) to supply independent Power required for load (81) The storage battery (7 3) and the booster circuit (7 丄) are directly connected to the output terminal of the charger (70), causing the voltage conversion ratio to be too high, and the conversion efficiency of the entire converter device is about 90%. 'Someone built the charger (70) with MPPT (Maximuni Power Point Tracking) technology to monitor the DC power output by the empty solar panel to the maximum power, as shown in the sixth figure, to avoid front-end solar energy (80) The panel output DC power to the charger (70) causes a power loss, so that the converter (72) makes full use of the maximum power output of the solar panel (80). However, the addition of the MPPT function still cannot make this sun The overall efficiency of the energy converter is improved. Refer to Figure 8 for details. It is a type of high-voltage grid-connected load (81a) ^ Solar converter, its basic structure is the same as that of the previously disclosed converter. The battery and charger (not shown) can completely convert the DC power output from the solar panel (80) into AC power and provide it to the high-voltage grid connection load (81a). The solar panel can be used. High-voltage photovoltaic special battery (> 300 volts), and because the conversion voltage is relatively low, the conversion efficiency of the converter can be improved to at least 95%. Although not adding a battery has the advantages of the previous disclosure, but also a disadvantage, Because in some applications, a backup power supply is still necessary. If a backup battery is installed between the booster I unit and the converter for backup power supply, in addition to the high-voltage capacity of the battery, it must be installed. The charger, if it is', will increase the cost of the entire set of converter devices and the complexity of the circuit. Not only is the power output of the solar power source caused by the converter wire σσ ”and the method of binding the charging source less than the maximum power, 200414648. It is also inconvenient to install. It can be known from the above that different current converter devices are currently provided for independent operating loads and grid-connected loads to be connected using solar power. However, as described in the introduction of the two conventional converter devices, it can be seen that there is indeed use and applicability. Disadvantages such as poor, so it is really necessary to further improve to provide users with a solar inverter device that is convenient to install. [Summary] To this end, the present invention provides a converter using renewable energy and various power-month modes to meet the needs of different load states (such as independent load systems or grid-connected loads) and the communication required by the application. power supply. The main technical means used to achieve the above purpose is to make the converter include: a monitoring unit, which includes a monitoring input terminal, an output terminal and a control terminal, for power monitoring and related control of the entire system, It has a built-in Μρρτ function to maximize the DC power output by the renewable energy device. A booster unit is installed at the power output end of the solar panel to convert the low-voltage DC power into a high-voltage DC power and output it. On the high-voltage bus; the converter is connected to the high-voltage bus and the control terminal of the monitoring unit, and its output is for an independent load system or a grid-connected load; an external two-way charger is connected to the high-voltage bus It is controlled by the monitoring unit and connected to the storage battery. The above-mentioned solar power converter device uses the monitoring unit to supply and demand the power of the renewable energy device and the load room, and then controls the high-voltage power supply of the high-voltage busbar to be distributed to Proportion of two-way charger and converter, and whether the two-way charger causes 200414648 to operate, depending on the negative of the connection The form and whether the converter requires an additional battery. If there is a battery, the monitoring unit will control the two-way charger and the converter to retrieve [the ratio of power supply 'and detect the output power of the renewable energy device. The DC high voltage required by the battery to provide the converter is converted by the converter into AC power to be supplied to the load. Right ... If the battery is broken, the converter can fully convert the output of the high voltage bus to AC power. To provide to the load. It can be known from the above that the present invention uses the monitoring unit to detect the source power supply by detecting the regenerative energy setting, and can control the converter and the charging mode to obtain the best high-voltage power supply to the charging source. The converter device can be retrofitted; in the working mode of the pool, high conversion efficiency can still be maintained. In addition, when the output power of the regenerative source-cut device is insufficient, the opposite side of the two-way charger can be controlled immediately. Continued use of AC power is quite practical. [Embodiment] * The present invention-the present invention provides-a variety of working modes: the type of energy transmission device can be switched to &, according to the different load mode, and has a local conversion Efficiency and easy operation. One: Second, refer to the first figure, which is a block diagram of the present invention: the system contains ^ Gua Cai Gongzao (10), Jing Yuan I Kai Run, 丄 u J nuclear early 70 (2 0) , Converter (and an external two-way charger (40), Li Zhongtan (58) and the battery (=) phase to the state of charge, and the Lime unit (20) and the energy converter (60) ) 'S direct μ power output terminal connection. 200414648 The above-mentioned monitoring unit (10) includes a monitoring input terminal, a wheel output terminal, and a control &' responsible for the entire system, the system's power monitoring and related control, and built-in MPPT Work # 'to maximize the DC power output from the renewable energy device to this converter device (details will be described later); the monitoring unit (iq) can be implemented by a microprocessor or a hardware circuit', where the Μρρτ function is also It can be implemented by a microprocessor or by a hardware circuit. The above boosted 7G (20) is a DC: source output 4 set in the energy converter (60) to convert the low-voltage DC power into High-voltage DC power supply, and output A-voltage DC power supply to high-voltage bus (2 4), please refer to the second As shown in the figure, the 4 liter dust single χ (20) further includes: a sequence controller (2 2), an electronic switch (2 3), and a dust raising inductor (2 4) connected to the high dust bus (2 4). 2 1), wherein the electronic switch (2 3) can be an old component with its gate electrode controlled by the ™ controller (22) and its conduction period, thereby increasing the high DC voltage of the inductor (2 1) The output to the high bus (2 4 π above converter (30) is connected between the high voltage bus (2 4) and the output of the monitoring unit (not shown) to accept 1 converter (3 〇) has two operating modes, _ one is independent operation = 'other- is the grid connection operation mode. Please refer to the fourth figure, the converter (3 〇) is composed of two sets of alternating electronic switch pairs (Qi, 卯) (卯,)) and -filtering | § (L, c) constitute a full-bridge converter unit, and further include a voltage feedback control circuit (three operations) and a current feedback control The circuit (3 2), the input terminal of the voltage and current feedback control circuit (31) 2) is transmitted through the output voltage and output current detector (3 丄 3) 648 == (L, C) The terminal is controlled by a mode switch (：): the controller (34) controls two sets of electronic switches. Please connect the input terminal of the current feedback control circuit (32) in the second: the supervised early MPPT current output terminal. To control the output current of the current transformer. The voltage feedback control circuit (31) is connected to the output of the data converter (L) and feedbacks the output voltage to the output voltage of the simple control converter (30); It is mainly composed of a subtractor; two f: a parent stream reference signal generator (31.), the subtractor (311) is connected to the output terminal of the converter f T, Γ ^ •) and the AC reference signal generation & The output is immediately 'and subtracted to the P WM controller (3 4) through the mode switch (3 3). Electricity description: The flow feedback control circuit (32) is used to control the power output of the converter unit. It is mainly composed of a multiplication method. ㈣ 在 水 为 (3 2 1), subtractor (3 2 2) And an AC reference signal generator (3 2 3), the method is as follows: the input terminal is connected to the monitoring unit (10) ㈣ρρτ current control output terminal and the reference output terminal (3 2 3) is captured, and The output of the multiplier (3 2 丄) is connected to the input of the subtractor (3 2 2), and is subtracted from the output current signal of the converter through the mode switch (3 3) and sent to the _two system (3 4); The mode switch (3 3) described above is connected to the output terminal of the voltage and current control circuit (31) (32), and its switching action is restrained by the monitoring unit (ι〇). The input terminal of the ™ 1 controller (34) is connected to the voltage and current feedback control circuit ㈡1) (3 2) through the mode switch j 3 3), and 200414648
四個輸出端則分別連接至電子開關的控制 3、G4)。 丄 W ' G d控單元（i Q )判斷目前連接—獨立負載，則控制切 哭汗關將該PWM控制器與電壓控制電路（3 1 )連接，令變流 Ό 〇)輸出符合獨立負載的交變電源，此為第一種獨立運 I 2式^亥控單元（丄〇 )若判斷目前連接一電網連負載 =控制松式切換開關（3 3 )將該PWM控制器（3 4 )與電流 控制電路（3 2 )連接，以進行電網連結模式，因此變流器（ 3 〇)輸出電流振幅得以被控制而達到最佳太陽能利用率。 上述雙向充電器（4 〇 )是為一可外加式至變流模組的雙 向充電器（4 0 )，其連接於高壓匯流排（2 4)和蓄電池（ 山）之間並連接至監控單元（1 0 )的MPPT電流信號輸出 端^控制端，以與變流器（3 0 )共享監控單元（！ 〇 ) Mm 電*L唬輸出端的輸出電流信號，而監控 出端的輸出電流信號會因蓄電池（5〇)以電狀態而自J 配予變流器與雙向充電器的電流信號比例。 請參閱第三圖所示，該雙向充電器（4 0 )可以執行充電 和放電的工作，其包含有： 兩電子開關（4 1 ) ( 4 2 )，第一、第二電子開關（4 1 ) ( 4 2 )各由一 ρ·控制器（pWM1、ρ·2)和電晶體（Q5 Q6)組成，各電晶體（q5、训）係並聯一寄生二極體，其中 第電子開關（4 1 )係連接至監控單元（上〇 )的Μρρτ電流 信號輸出端及控制端； 升/降壓電感（L1)，係透過第二電子開關（4 2 )連 200414648 至高壓匯流排（2 4); ，充電電流控制單元（43)，係包含有比較器㈤及 昼控電阻器（VCR)，該比較器（U1)輸入端分別連接至監#單 元控制輸出端、參考錢信號VrefAf電池（5〇)的輸出工端 而其電麼輸出端則連接至該壓控電阻器（VCR)，以調整該麼 &電阻為（VCR )的電阻值，由於壓控電阻器（似）進一步連 接於皿控單元MPPT電流輸出端與第二電子開關（4 2 )之間， 可隨著電阻值的調整輸出列f壓予第二電子_ (42)曰，’ 以控制第二電子開關的導通週期，構成一 pwM升壓電路。 當雙向充電器（4 0 )處於充電模式時，係高壓匯流排（ 2 4)的電壓會轉換對蓄電池（5〇)充電，亦即，先將第一 電子開關（4 1 )除能，其電晶體Q6等效—二極體，而雙向充 電器（4 0 )即構成-降壓電路，其中充電電流控制單元（4 3 )的比較器、U1藉由比較蓄電池（5 〇 )的儲存電壓與參考電 壓Vref，調整壓控電阻器（VCR)的電阻值，由於該壓控電阻 态（VCR)的輸入端連接至該監控單元電流輸出端，故將監控單 元輸出的電流I轉為電壓V，以控制該第二電子開關（4 2 ) 的PWM控制為（PWM2)的導通週期，進而控制對蓄電池（5 〇 )的充電量； 而，當雙向充電器（4 0 )處於放電模式時，係將連接蓄 電池（5 0 )的能量轉換到高壓匯流排（2 4 )上，亦即，先 將第二電子開關（4 2 )除能，令第二電子開關（4 2 )的電 晶體Q5等效一二極體，是以，該雙向充電器（4 〇 )由第一電 子開關（4 1 )、一升/降壓電感（L1)及電晶體q5構成一 200414648 PWM升慶電路，令蓄電、池（5 〇 )的低塵轉換為高後輸出至該 高麼匯流排。 ’ 以上，為本發明太陽源變流裝置的電路說明，以下則就監 控單元（10)檢知再生能源褒置、負載控制變流器（3 〇) 與雙向充電器（4 Q)的監控流程說明，請參閱第五圖所示， 該監控單元（1 〇)的MPPT機制係用初始的㈣值^及功率 值Ρ。Μ之後取仔再生能源裝置輸出的電壓值及電流值，計算 出目前功率值Ρη與前—週期計算出的功能U差值Μ，以及 電壓差值Δν，再判斷此功率差值是^大於等於零： (1)若功率差大於等於零： 繼續判斷電壓差是否大於等於零，若是，再判斷 :大於〇 :若是則減少監控單元贿電流輸出端的輸出電流， 若否，則增加輸出電流。 (2 )若功率差小於零·· 繼續電壓差是否大於等於零，若是，則增加監控單元 MPPT電流輸出端的輸出電流，若否，則減少輸出電流。 判斷完後將此次功率值及電壓值儲存，再重新計算下—週 期功率值；由前述可知，監控單 孤彳工早兀確貫可經由MPPT監控再生能 源裝置的功率值，再有效地和 工制雙向充電ϋ及變流器總輸出電 抓，以達到最佳使用再生能源裝置之效用。 =更清楚朗本發明的多模歧作狀態，明 作模式及應用，其包含有： •應用於獨立運作負載並裝設有蓄電池： •當太陽能電源係、大於負載所需之額定電源 13 200414648 該雙向充電器的充電控制電路被致能，將利用提供予變流 為剩餘的電源當作備用的蓄電池的充電電源，對蓄電池充電。 b •當太陽能電源係小於負載所需之額定電源： 該雙向充電器的放電控制電路被致能，令蓄電池的儲存電 源和再生能源裝置輸出的電源一併提供至變流器。 2 ·應用於獨立運作負載無裝設有蓄電池·· 此時再生能源裝置電源直接提供變流器使用，又因無加裝 蓄電池，則雙向充電器可拔除，降低整個系統的成本。 3 ·應用於電網連結負載並裝設有蓄電池： a •蓄電池呈充滿電壓狀態： β當蓄電池為滿電壓狀態，則將再生能源裝置輸出電源全部 如供予變流器’惟該監控單元只需控制變流器的輸出電流的大 7 Ι\ Ο 〇 ·畜電池非充滿電壓狀 —優麵再生能源裝置輸出電源提供予f電池，對蓄電池土 仃充電耘序’再將剩餘電能的輸出端輸出至電網連結負載，^ 中電源分配比例，則由雙向充電器自動分配。 C再生忐源裝置輸出的電源為零·· -幺早TL铋知再生能源裝置輸出直流電源為 制變流器輸出端的切換開關切換至斷路狀態，令變流:不二 網連結運轉’但此時’若要輸出電源予其 :、 裝置可切換至獨立運轉模式。 職用則變流 4:應用於電網連結負载無裝設有蓄電池： 此模式係適用於不具充電模 應用而此時變流器的輸 200414648 以輪出穩定的交流電源，雙 出電流同樣受到監控單元的控制 向充電器可拔除。 哭及個’本發明主要藉由監控單元、升壓單元、變流 :及-個外加式雙向充電器的設計，以達到 應用’並可保持高的轉換效率，由以上的四個工作模式可知/、 因此，本發明之設計確實具有產業上的利用性、新賴性與 並且符合發明專利之要件，爰依法具文提出申請。 【圖式簡單說明】 (一）圖式部分 第一圖：係本發明的一方塊圖（代表圖）。 第二圖··係本發明錢單元之—較佳實施例的方塊圖。 第三圖：係本發明雙向充電器之—較佳實施例的方塊圖。 第四圖：係本發明變流器之—較佳實施例的方塊圖。 第五圖：係本發明監控單元MPPT的流程圖。 第六圖：係再生能源裝置輸出電壓對電流的曲線圖，其揭示最 大功率位置。 第七圖：係習用太陽能源變流裝置之方塊圖，其揭示裝設有蓄 電池及充電器等電源備用裝置，並適用於獨立運作的 負載。 第八圖：係習用太陽能源變流裝置之方塊圖，其揭示一適用於 電網連結負載的高轉換效率變流裝置。 (二）元件代表符號 (1 0 )監控單元 （2 0)升壓單元 (2 1 )升壓電感 （2 2 ) PWM控制器 200414648 (2 3 )電子開關 (3 0 )變流器 (3 1 1 )加法器 (3 2 )電流控制電路 (3 2 2)加法器 (3 3 )模式切換開關 (4 0 )雙向充電器 (4 2 )第二電子開關 (5 0)蓄電池 (6 1 )負載The four output terminals are respectively connected to the control of electronic switches 3, G4). 'W' G d control unit (i Q) judges the current connection—independent load, then controls the switching control circuit to connect the PWM controller with the voltage control circuit (3 1), so that the variable current)) the output meets the independent load. Alternating power, this is the first type of independent I 2 type ^ Hai control unit (丄 〇) If it is determined that a power grid is connected to the load = control loose switch (3 3) and the PWM controller (3 4) and The current control circuit (32) is connected to perform the grid connection mode, so the output current amplitude of the converter (30) can be controlled to achieve the best solar energy utilization rate. The above-mentioned two-way charger (40) is a two-way charger (40) that can be externally added to the converter module, and is connected between the high-voltage bus (24) and the battery (mount) and connected to the monitoring unit. (1 0) MPPT current signal output terminal ^ control terminal to share the monitoring unit (! 〇) with the converter (3 0) Mm electric * L output current signal at the output terminal, and the output current signal at the monitoring end will be The battery (50) allocates the current signal ratio from J to the converter and the two-way charger in an electrical state. Please refer to the third figure, the two-way charger (40) can perform charging and discharging work, which includes: two electronic switches (4 1) (4 2), first and second electronic switches (4 1) ) (4 2) each consisting of a ρ · controller (pWM1, ρ · 2) and a transistor (Q5 Q6), each transistor (q5, training) is connected in parallel with a parasitic diode, in which the first electronic switch (4 1) The Mρρτ current signal output terminal and control terminal connected to the monitoring unit (upper 0); the step-up / step-down inductor (L1) is connected to 200414648 to the high-voltage bus (2 4) through the second electronic switch (4 2) ;, The charging current control unit (43), which includes a comparator ㈤ and a day-controlled resistor (VCR), the input terminals of the comparator (U1) are respectively connected to the control output terminal of the monitor #unit, and the reference money signal VrefAf battery (5 〇) the output terminal and its electrical output terminal is connected to the voltage-controlled resistor (VCR) to adjust the resistance of the capacitor (VCR), because the voltage-controlled resistor (likely) is further connected to The MPPT current output terminal of the dish control unit and the second electronic switch (4 2) can be output as the resistance value is adjusted. Dequeue f to the second electron (42), ‘to control the on-period of the second electronic switch to form a pwM booster circuit. When the two-way charger (40) is in a charging mode, the voltage of the high-voltage bus (24) will be converted to charge the battery (50), that is, the first electronic switch (41) will be disabled first. The transistor Q6 is equivalent to a diode, and the two-way charger (40) constitutes a step-down circuit. The comparator and U1 of the charging current control unit (43) compare the storage voltage of the battery (50). Adjust the resistance of the voltage-controlled resistor (VCR) with the reference voltage Vref. Since the input terminal of the voltage-controlled resistor (VCR) is connected to the current output terminal of the monitoring unit, the current I output from the monitoring unit is converted to voltage V To control the PWM period of the second electronic switch (4 2) to be the on period of (PWM 2), and then control the amount of charge to the battery (50); and when the two-way charger (40) is in the discharge mode, It is to convert the energy connected to the storage battery (50) to the high-voltage busbar (24), that is, first to disable the second electronic switch (42), and to make the transistor Q5 of the second electronic switch (42) The equivalent of a diode is that the two-way charger (40) is opened by the first electron Off (4 1), one liter / step-down inductor (L1) and transistor q5 form a 200414648 PWM rising circuit, which converts the low dust of power storage and battery (50) to high and outputs it to the high-power bus. 'The above is the circuit description of the solar source converter device of the present invention. The following is the monitoring process for the monitoring unit (10) to detect the installation of renewable energy, the load control converter (30) and the two-way charger (4 Q). For description, please refer to the fifth figure. The MPPT mechanism of the monitoring unit (10) uses an initial threshold value ^ and a power value P. After M, take the voltage and current output from the renewable energy device, calculate the difference between the current power value Pη and the function U calculated in the previous period, and the voltage difference Δν. Then determine whether the power difference is ^ greater than or equal to zero : (1) If the power difference is greater than or equal to zero: Continue to determine whether the voltage difference is greater than or equal to zero. If yes, then judge: greater than 〇: if yes, reduce the output current of the bridging current output terminal of the monitoring unit; if not, increase the output current. (2) If the power difference is less than zero ... Continue whether the voltage difference is greater than or equal to zero. If yes, increase the output current of the MPPT current output terminal of the monitoring unit. If not, decrease the output current. After the judgment is completed, the current power value and voltage value are stored, and then the next-cycle power value is recalculated. From the foregoing, it can be known that the monitoring of the single solitary worker can accurately monitor the power value of the renewable energy device through MPPT, and then effectively The two-way charging system of the industrial system and the total output of the converter are captured to achieve the best use of renewable energy devices. = Clearer the multi-mode miscellaneous state, operation mode and application of the present invention, including: • Applied to an independent operating load and equipped with a battery: • When the solar power system is greater than the rated power required by the load 13 200414648 The charging control circuit of the two-way charger is enabled, and the battery is charged by using the power provided by the pre-conversion as the remaining power as a backup battery. b • When the solar power is less than the rated power required by the load: The discharge control circuit of the two-way charger is enabled, so that the storage power of the battery and the power output from the renewable energy device are provided to the converter together. 2 · Applicable to independent operation load without battery installed. · At this time, the power of the renewable energy device is directly provided by the converter, and because no battery is installed, the two-way charger can be removed, reducing the cost of the entire system. 3 · Applied to the load connected to the power grid and equipped with a battery: a • The battery is fully charged: β When the battery is fully voltage, the output power of the renewable energy device is all supplied to the converter ', but the monitoring unit only needs to The output current of the control converter is large 7 Ι \ 〇 〇 · The battery is not fully charged—the output power of the superior surface renewable energy device is provided to the f battery, and the storage battery is charged in sequence. Then the output of the remaining power is output. To the grid connection load, the power distribution ratio in ^ is automatically distributed by the two-way charger. The power output of the C regeneration source device is zero ...-Early morning TL Bismu knows that the DC power output of the regeneration energy device is the switch at the output end of the converter to switch to the open state, so that the converter: Fujitsu network operation 'but When you want to output power to it :, the device can switch to independent operation mode. Duty conversion 4: applied to the grid connection load without battery: This mode is suitable for applications without charging mode and the converter's output at this time is 200414648. Stable AC power is turned on, and the dual output current is also monitored. The control of the unit is removable to the charger. "This invention mainly uses the design of a monitoring unit, a boosting unit, a converter: and an external two-way charger to achieve application" and can maintain high conversion efficiency. It can be known from the above four working modes /, Therefore, the design of the present invention does have industrial applicability, novelty, and conformity to the requirements of the invention patent, so it is filed in accordance with the law. [Schematic description] (1) Schematic part The first diagram: a block diagram (representative diagram) of the present invention. The second figure is a block diagram of the preferred embodiment of the money unit of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the two-way charger of the present invention—a preferred embodiment. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the converter of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a flowchart of the monitoring unit MPPT of the present invention. Figure 6: A graph of output voltage versus current for a renewable energy device that reveals the maximum power position. Figure 7: A block diagram of a conventional solar power converter device, which reveals that it is equipped with power backup devices such as batteries and chargers, and is suitable for independently operating loads. Figure 8: A block diagram of a conventional solar energy converter, which reveals a high conversion efficiency converter suitable for grid-connected loads. (2) Symbols for component representation (1 0) Monitoring unit (2 0) Boost unit (2 1) Boost inductor (2 2) PWM controller 200414648 (2 3) Electronic switch (3 0) Converter (3 1 1) Adder (3 2) Current control circuit (3 2 2) Adder (3 3) Mode switch (4 0) Bidirectional charger (4 2) Second electronic switch (50) Battery (6 1) Load
(2 4)高壓匯流排 (3 1 )電壓控制電路 (312)交流參考信號產生器 (3 2 1 )乘法器 (3 2 3 )交流參考信號產生器 (3 4 ) PWM控制器 (4 1 )第一電子開關 (4 3 )充電電流控制單元 (6 0)能源轉換器 (7 0 )充電器 (7 2 )變流器 (8 0 )再生能源裝置 (7 1 )升壓單元 (7 3 )蓄電池 (81) ( 8 1 a )負載(2 4) High voltage bus (3 1) Voltage control circuit (312) AC reference signal generator (3 2 1) Multiplier (3 2 3) AC reference signal generator (3 4) PWM controller (4 1) First electronic switch (4 3), charging current control unit (60), energy converter (7 0), charger (7 2), converter (80), renewable energy device (7 1), booster unit (7 3) Battery (81) (8 1 a) load
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