SK279599B6 - Arrangement for detecting stator earth leakages in three-phase current machines - Google Patents

Arrangement for detecting stator earth leakages in three-phase current machines Download PDF

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SK279599B6
SK279599B6 SK198-96A SK19896A SK279599B6 SK 279599 B6 SK279599 B6 SK 279599B6 SK 19896 A SK19896 A SK 19896A SK 279599 B6 SK279599 B6 SK 279599B6
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transformer
phase
voltage
phase current
winding
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SK198-96A
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Slovak (sk)
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SK19896A3 (en
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J�Rg Strobl
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Elin Energieversorgung Gesellschaft M.B.H.
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Publication of SK19896A3 publication Critical patent/SK19896A3/en
Publication of SK279599B6 publication Critical patent/SK279599B6/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0805Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for synchronous motors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/343Testing dynamo-electric machines in operation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/34Testing dynamo-electric machines
    • G01R31/346Testing of armature or field windings

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  • Tests Of Circuit Breakers, Generators, And Electric Motors (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Protection Of Generators And Motors (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A three-phase current transformer (2) is connected to the terminals of a three-phase current machine (1), mainly a synchronous generator. The three-phase current transformer (2) must have a free magnetic short-circuit in order to transmit a null voltage in case of an earth leakage of the three-phase current motor (1). The primary winding of the transformer (2) is star connected with an earthed star point. The secondary winding of the transformer (2) is connected to form an open triangle and is loaded with the resistance (4) which may be switched off by the switch (5) connected in series. A voltage converter (6) is connected to the earthed star point of the three-phase current machine (1). The secondary voltage of said converter (6) and the voltage at the open triangle winding are supplied to a static earth leakage relay (7) that detects an earth leakage in the generator (1) on the basis of the amplitude and phase position of the third harmonic in said voltages.

Description

Oblasť technikyTechnical field

Vynález sa týka zapojenia zemného spojenia statora trojfázových strojov, najmii synchrónnych generátorov, pričom nulový bod vinutia statora je uzemnený cez primáme vinutie meracieho transformátora napätia a k svorkám trojfázového stroja je pripojený trojfázový transformátor, ktorého primárne vinutie zapojené do hviezdy je rovnako uzemnené.The invention relates to the ground connection of a stator of three-phase machines, at least synchronous generators, wherein the zero point of the stator winding is grounded through the primary winding of the voltage transformer and a three-phase transformer is connected to the three-phase machine terminals.

Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Zariadenia na zemné spojenie statora sú už známe.The stator ground connection devices are already known.

Bežné vyhotovenie využíva transformátor pripojený na svorku stroja kvôli vytvoreniu umelého napäťového preklzu. Toto sa spravidla dosiahne nerovnakým pripojením transformátora k jednotlivým fázam.A common embodiment utilizes a transformer connected to the machine terminal to create an artificial voltage slip. This is usually achieved by unequal connection of the transformer to the individual phases.

Je tiež známe vytvorenie potenciálového spojenia nulového bodu stroja vzhľadom na zem napätím vloženým na primárnu stranu nulového bodu trojfázového transformátora pripojeného na svorku stroja.It is also known to form a potential connection of the machine zero point with respect to earth by a voltage applied to the primary side of the three-phase transformer zero point connected to the machine terminal.

Oproti tomu je z AT-PS 326 206 známe blokové zapojenie zariadenia na ochranu vinutia statora synchrónnych generátorov proti zemnému spojeniu, ktoré využíva približne lineárny odpor medzi vinutím statora a zemou. Tento odpor môže byť pripojený na nulový bod alebo svorku bezprostredne galvanický alebo cez transformátor, pričom toto spojenie je pripojené napríklad pomocou nízkonapäťového spínača. Tento spínač je zapojený do sekundárneho okruhu transformátora, ktorého primárnym vinutím je realizované spojenie medzi vinutím statora a zemou.On the other hand, AT-PS 326 206 discloses a block connection of a device for protecting the stator winding of synchronous generators against earth faults, which uses an approximately linear resistance between the stator winding and the ground. This resistor can be connected to a zero point or terminal directly by galvanic or through a transformer, this connection being connected, for example, by a low voltage switch. This switch is connected to the secondary circuit of the transformer, the primary winding of which is the connection between the stator winding and the ground.

Uvedené zariadenia majú ale všetky nevýhodu, že sa musia uhradiť vyššie náklady, pretože pri zemných spojeniach statora bez týchto zariadení sa už nemôžu obmedzovať škody.However, these devices all have the disadvantage that higher costs must be paid, since damage to the stator ground connections without these devices can no longer be reduced.

Z IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus, zväzok PPAS-103, číslo 4, apríl 1984, „A comparison of 100 % stator ground fault protection schemes for generátor stator winding“ od J. W. Pope a IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, zväzok PWRD-1, číslo 4, október 1986 „Design principles of a new generátor stator ground relay for 100 % coverage of the stator winding“ od R. J. Marttila sú tiež známe zapojenia, pri ktorých sa zachytáva tretia harmonická v napätí medzi nulovým bodom a zemou a používa sa ako kritérium na existenciu zemného spojenia statora. Tento princíp je vhodný najmä na určenie zemného spojenia v blízkosti nulového bodu trojfázového stroja. Takéto zemné spojenia sa môžu inak detekovať len opísanými nákladnými zapojeniami s umelým preklzom nulového bodu.From IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus, Volume PPAS-103, Issue 4, April 1984, "A Comparison of 100% Static Ground Fault Protection Schemes for a Stator Winding Generator" by JW Pope and IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Volume PWRD-1, Issue 4, October 1986 RJ Marttil's "Design Principles of a New Static Ground Relay Generator for 100% Coverage of the Stator Winding" is also known to capture a third harmonic at zero-to-ground voltage and is used as a criterion for the existence of a stator ground fault. This principle is particularly suitable for determining ground faults near the zero point of a three-phase machine. Otherwise, such ground faults can only be detected by the described costly circuitry with artificial zero point slip.

Každé zo zemných spojení, ktoré sa nenachádza v blízkosti nulového bodu, sa spravidla zachytáva meraním napätia pozostávajúceho medzi nulovým bodom a zemou v podstate zo základnej vlny alebo meraním nulového systému svorkového napätia na trojuholníkovom vinutí sústavy meracích transformátorov napätia pozostávajúceho rovnako v podstate zo základnej vlny.Typically, each of the ground faults that is not near the zero point is captured by measuring the voltage between the zero point and the ground essentially from the base wave or by measuring the zero terminal voltage system on the triangular winding of the voltage transformer system also consisting essentially of the base wave.

Na odvedenie rušivého prúdu, ktorý preteká v elektrickej sieti pri zemnom spojení cez systém jednofázových transformátorov k stroju a na tlmenie oscilácie pri tranzitných procesoch je v doterajších zapojeniach zachytenia zemného spojenia statora treťou harmonickou umiestnený v nulovom bode trojfázového stroja proti uzemneniu, prípadne cez transformátor, ohmický odpor. Obidva uvedené účinky totiž ovplyvňujú funkciu ochrany zemného spojenia pracujúceho so základnou vlnou a musia sa zmenšiť odporom. Odpor ovplyvňuje zachytenie tretej harmonickej, pretože sám predstavuje zemné spojenie v blízkosti nulo vého bodu, a tak sa už nijako silno neodlišuje použitie pravého zemného spojenia od uvedeného stavu.In order to dissipate the disturbing current flowing in the electrical network in the ground connection through the system of single-phase transformers to the machine and to dampen the oscillation during the transit processes, the current harmonics of the stator ground connection of the third harmonic are located at the zero point of the three-phase machine. resistance. Indeed, both effects affect the ground fault protection function of the ground wave and must be reduced by resistance. Resistance affects the capture of the third harmonic, since it itself represents a ground fault near the zero point, and thus no longer distinguishes the use of a true ground fault from that state.

Z DE-A 2 002 777 je zrejmé zapojenie zemného spojenia statora pri trojfázových strojoch, ktorého funkcia je založená na porovnaní tretieho harmonického napätia. Nulový bod vinutia statora je tu uzemnený priamo cez primáme vinutie meracieho transformátora napätia, ktorého sekundárne vinutie je spojené s komplexným odporom a záchytného prvku v sériovom zapojení. Na svorky trojfázového stroja je pripojený trojfázový transformátor, ktorého primáme vinutie zapojené do hviezdy je rovnako uzemnené. Sekundárne vinutie trojfázového transformátora zapojené do otvoreného trojuholníka je ukončené sériovým zapojením z ďalšieho komplexného odporu a zachytávacieho prvku. Na bezchybnú a správnu reakciu zachytávacieho prvku pri zemnom spojení statora je bezpodmienečne nevyhnutné správne dimenzovanie obidvoch odporov. Ale zodpovedajúci odkaz na dimenzovanie týchto odporov nie je v tomto spise uvedený a pre priemerného odborníka to nie je isto tiež bežné.It is clear from DE-A 2 002 777 the connection of a stator ground fault in three-phase machines, the function of which is based on a comparison of the third harmonic voltage. The zero point of the stator winding is grounded directly through the primary winding of the voltage transformer, whose secondary winding is associated with a complex resistor and a catch element in series connection. A three-phase transformer is connected to the terminals of the three-phase machine, the primary winding of which is also grounded. The secondary winding of the three-phase transformer connected to the open triangle is terminated by a series connection of another complex resistor and a catch element. Correct dimensioning of both resistors is essential for the correct and correct reaction of the gripping element when the stator is grounded. However, a corresponding reference to the design of these resistors is not given in this specification, and it is certainly not common for the average practitioner.

Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Úloha vynálezu spočíva vo vytvorení zreteľného rozdielu na tretej harmonickej pri bezchybnom stave a v stave zemného spojenia a napriek tomu v zaistení odvedenia uvedených rušivých prúdov a v umožnení tlmenia oscilácie.The object of the invention is to make a clear difference to the third harmonic in a faultless and ground fault condition, yet to ensure that these disturbing currents are dissipated and to allow the damping of oscillation.

Táto úloha sa vyrieši vynálezom, ktorý je charakterizovaný tým, že merací transformátor napätia je pripojený na vstup uzemňovacieho relé a v zemnom vedení primárneho vedenia trojfázového transformátora jc zaradene primáme vinutie jednofázového transformátora a sekundárne vinutie tohto jednofázového transformátora má paralelne pripojený odpor, ktoiý je pripojený na druhom vstupe uzemňovacieho relé a vodivosť odporu vzhľadom na primárnu stranu trojfázového transformátora je aspoň o veľkosti kapacitnej vodivosti vinutia statora trojfázového stroja vzhľadom na uzemnenie.This problem is solved by the invention, characterized in that the voltage measuring transformer is connected to the input of a grounding relay and in the primary wiring of the three-phase transformer, the primary winding of the single-phase transformer is connected and the secondary winding of the single-phase transformer has a parallel connected resistance. the input of the grounding relay and the conductivity of the resistor with respect to the primary side of the three-phase transformer is at least the magnitude of the capacitive conductivity of the stator winding of the three-phase machine relative to the ground.

Výhoda vynálezu spočíva v tom, že v nulovom bode trojfázového stroja nie je zvláštne zaťaženie vzhľadom na zemnenie, čím vyvoláva zemné spojenie v blízkosti nulového bodu vzhľadom na bežný chod zreteľný rozdiel v tretej harmonickej. Odporom sa tiež odvádzajú rušivé prúdy prichádzajúce cez transformátor a tlmia sa oscilácie vzhľadom na uzemnenie. Zaťažovacim odporom v nulovom systéme svorkového napätia je vytvorený veľmi veľký rozdiel v tretej harmonickej medzi stavom bez zemného spojenia a zemným spojením v blízkosti nulového bodu. Pri tomto type zapojenia je totiž tretia harmonická v nulovom systéme svorkového napätia v stave bez zemného spojenia malá. Ak sa však vyskytuje v blízkosti nulového bodu zemné spojenie, tak je tretia harmonická v tomto nulovom systéme takmer celá treťou harmonickou vytvorenou strojom ako zdrojom napätia s malým vnútorným odporom. Tým prakticky vzniká silné napätie a záťaž sa nenahradí odporom.An advantage of the invention is that there is no special load on the three-phase machine with respect to grounding, thus causing a ground fault near the zero point with respect to normal operation, a distinct difference in the third harmonic. The resistors also dissipate interfering currents coming through the transformer and attenuate oscillations with respect to ground. A very large difference in the third harmonic between the no-ground condition and the ground near the zero point is created by the load resistor in the zero terminal voltage system. Indeed, in this type of connection, the third harmonic in the zero terminal voltage system is low in the groundless state. However, if there is a ground fault near the zero point, the third harmonic in this zero system is almost the entire third harmonic produced by the machine as a voltage source with low internal resistance. This virtually generates a strong voltage and does not replace the load with resistance.

Rozdelenie tretej harmonickej medzi nulový bod a svorkovú stranu je tým priaznivejšie, čím je odpor menší. V rovnakej miere narastá aj jeho schopnosť odviesť rušivé prúdy a tlmiť osciláciu.The distribution of the third harmonic between the zero point and the terminal side is all the more favorable, the lower the resistance. Equally, its ability to dissipate disturbing currents and damp oscillation increases.

Odpor ako zmieňovaná záťažová impedancia zmenšuje v bezchybnom stave nulové napätie na svorkovej strane a zvyšuje súčasné napätie v nulovom bode.Resistance such as the load impedance mentioned in the error-free state reduces the zero voltage at the terminal side and increases the current voltage at the zero point.

Prehľad obrázkov na výkresochBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Vynález je v nasledujúcom bližšie objasnený pomocou výkresov, pričom obr. 1 znázorňuje väčšiu časť známeho zapojenia zachytenia uzemnenia statoru variantu, a obr. 2 znázorňuje obvod podľa vynálezu na zachytenie uzemnenia statora.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a greater part of the known stator grounding engagement variant, and FIG. 2 shows a circuit according to the invention for receiving a stator ground.

Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Na obr. 1 je k svorkám trojfázového stroja 1, ktorým je napríklad synchrónny generátor, pripojený trojfázový transformátor 2. Tento trojfázový transformátor 2 musí mať na prevedenie nulového napätia pri zemnom spojení trojfázového stroja 1 jedno voľné magnetické jarmo, na čo je vhodný päťjadrový transformátor alebo skupina jednofázových transformátorov. Primáme vinutie trojfázového transformátora 2 je spojené do hviezdy, pričom nulový bod je uzemnený. Sekundárne vinutie trojfázového transformátora 2 je spojené do otvoreného trojuholníka a zaťažené odporom 4, ktorý sa môže odpojiť v sérii umiestneným spínačom 5. K nulovému bodu trojfázového stroja 1 je pripojený merací transformátor 6 napätia. Sekundárne napätie tohto meracieho transformátora 6 napätia a napätia na otvorenom trojuholníkovom vinutí sa privedú na statické uzemňovacie relé 7, ktoré podľa veľkosti a fázovej polohy tretej harmonickej zachytáva zemné spojenie s trojfázovým strojom 1.In FIG. 1, a three-phase transformer 2 is connected to the terminals of a three-phase machine 1, for example a synchronous generator 2. This three-phase transformer 2 must have one free magnetic yoke for grounding the three-phase machine 1, for which a five-core transformer or group of single-phase transformers is suitable. . The primary winding of the three-phase transformer 2 is connected to the star, the neutral point being grounded. The secondary winding of the three-phase transformer 2 is connected to an open triangle and loaded by a resistor 4 which can be disconnected in series by a switch 5. A voltage transformer 6 is connected to the zero point of the three-phase machine 1. The secondary voltage of this voltage transformer 6 and the voltage on the open triangular winding is applied to a static earthing relay 7 which, depending on the size and phase position of the third harmonic, intercepts the ground connection to the three-phase machine 1.

Na obr. 2 je k uzemnenému nulovému bodu trojfázového transformátora 2 pripojený jednofázový transformátor 3. Na sekundárnu stranu jednofázového transformátora 3, ktorá je spojená s uzemňujúcim relé 7, je pripojený v sérii odpor 4 so spínačom 5. V tomto prípade nevyžaduje trojfázový transformátor 2 magnetické jarmo, pretože sa nulové napätie prenáša jednofázovým transformátorom 3. Skupinový spoj trojfázového transformátora 2 musí umožniť priechod nulového prúdu.In FIG. 2, a single-phase transformer 3 is connected to the grounded zero point of the three-phase transformer 2. On the secondary side of the single-phase transformer 3, which is connected to the grounding relay 7, is connected in series with a resistor 4 with switch 5. the neutral of the voltage is transmitted by the single-phase transformer 3. The group connection of the three-phase transformer 2 must allow the passage of the zero current.

Claims (1)

Zapojenie zemného spojenia statora trojfázových strojov, hlavne synchrónnych generátorov, pričom nulový bod vinutia statora je uzemnený cez primáme vinutie meracieho transformátora napätia a k svorkám trojfázového stroja je pripojený trojfázový transformátor, ktorého primáme vinutie zapojené do hviezdy je rovnako uzemnené, vyznačujúce sa tým, že sekundárne vinutie meracieho transformátora (6) napätia je pripojené k vstupu uzemňovacieho relé (7) a do uzemňovacieho vedenia primárneho vinutia trojfázového transformátora (2) je zaradené primáme vinutie jednofázového transformátora (3) a sekundárne vinutie tohto jednofázového transformátora (3) má paralelne pripojený odpor (4), ktorý je pripojený na druhý vstup uzemňovacieho relé (7) a vodivosť odporu (4) vzťahujúc na primárnu stranu trojfázového transformátora (2) má aspoň veľkosť kapacitnej vodivosti vinutia statora trojfázového stroja (1) proti uzemneniu.Grounding of the stator grounding of three-phase machines, especially synchronous generators, where the stator winding zero point is grounded through the primary winding of the voltage transformer, and the three-phase transformer is connected to the terminals of the three-phase machine. the voltage transformer (6) is connected to the input of the earthing relay (7) and the primary winding of the three-phase transformer (2) is connected to the primary winding of the single-phase transformer (3) and the secondary winding of this single-phase transformer (3) ), which is connected to the second input of the grounding relay (7) and the conductivity of the resistor (4) relative to the primary side of the three-phase transformer (2) has at least the capacitance of the stator winding of the three-phase machine (1).
SK198-96A 1993-08-19 1994-08-12 Arrangement for detecting stator earth leakages in three-phase current machines SK279599B6 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0166393A AT401443B (en) 1993-08-19 1993-08-19 ARRANGEMENT FOR DETECTING STANDSTAND LOCKS IN THREE-PHASE MACHINES
PCT/AT1994/000114 WO1995005695A1 (en) 1993-08-19 1994-08-12 Arrangement for detecting stator earth leakages in three-phase current machines

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
SK19896A3 SK19896A3 (en) 1996-08-07
SK279599B6 true SK279599B6 (en) 1999-01-11

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CN (1) CN1037047C (en)
AT (2) AT401443B (en)
CZ (1) CZ284685B6 (en)
DE (1) DE59402771D1 (en)
FI (1) FI960732A (en)
NO (1) NO960621D0 (en)
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US5305234A (en) * 1991-12-31 1994-04-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Thermal protection apparatus for a synchronous machine

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WO1995005695A1 (en) 1995-02-23
CZ284685B6 (en) 1999-02-17
ATE153190T1 (en) 1997-05-15
EP0714565B1 (en) 1997-05-14
FI960732A0 (en) 1996-02-16
CN1129495A (en) 1996-08-21
NO960621L (en) 1996-02-16
CZ35296A3 (en) 1996-05-15
SK19896A3 (en) 1996-08-07
NO960621D0 (en) 1996-02-16
CN1037047C (en) 1998-01-14
FI960732A (en) 1996-02-16
EP0714565A1 (en) 1996-06-05
ATA166393A (en) 1996-01-15
DE59402771D1 (en) 1997-06-19
AT401443B (en) 1996-09-25

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