SI9800089A - Combination shield for large ore layers - Google Patents

Abstract

The shield support featuring a lemniscate gear (4), a fractional shield (3) with ground slide (2) and a cover shield (5) as well as hydraulic stands (6, 7) be it like a withdrawal shield or classical shield for cutting extraction is used in cases when between the frontal moving cover shield (20) and the fractional shield (3) there is a short cover (22) inserted featuring a knuckle arrangement (23, 24) where the short cover (22) as well as the fractional shield (3) have its bed (17, 25) for the hydraulic stands (6, 7). The version featuring the short cover (22) is a classical shield, while the other without is a withdrawal shield. Both versions feature large supporting forces of the supporting assembly and a preferably large driving width between the hydraulic stands (6, 7) and the fractional shield (3).

Description

SaarTechSaarTech

Gesellschaft fur Industrie- und Bergbautechnologie mbH Saarbrucken, NemčijaGesellschaft fur Industrie- und Bergbautechnologie mbH Saarbrucken, Germany

Kombinacijski Ščit za velike debeline rudnih plastiCombination Shield for large ore thicknesses

Izum zadeva ščit z lemniskatnim prenosnikom, lomnim ščitom, talnim saniščem in krovninsko kapo ter hidravličnima stojkama, ki ohranjata odprtino k premogovemu narivu, in prislonskima cilindroma za odkopavanje mineralov, predvsem premoga, nahajajočega se v velikih debelinah, pri čemer se vrh kape za odtegovanje premoga preko določenega odtegovalnega cilindra lahko nagne okoli določenega zgloba.The invention relates to a shield with a lemniscate gearbox, a refractive shield, a floor sanitarium and a sunroof, and hydraulic racks that keep the aperture open to the coal seam, and shaft cylinders for the excavation of minerals, in particular, coal found in large thicknesses, with the top of the topping cap. it can tilt around a specific joint through a specific withdrawal cylinder.

Pod ščitnim oporjem (oporjem pri ščitu) se razumejo polsklenjene podporne enote za široko čelo z odprtinami do premogovega nariva in transporterja na širokem čelu. Preko hidravličnih stojk sta krovninska kapa in talno sanišče držana na odmiku in pri tem pritisnjena proti krovnini in talnini, pri čemer sta krovninska kapa in lomni ščit vodena preko lemniskatnega prenosnika. Ta lemniskatni prenosnik skrbi pri potisnjenju stojk za to, da vrh krovninskega ščita izvaja gibanje, ki je v bistvu pravokotno na plast. Znanih je več vrst oporja pri ščitu, pri čemer se za velike debeline plasti, t.j. denimo nad tri metre debele plasti, uporablja ščit, katerega lomni ščit je opremljen naprimer z zapirljivo odprtino, da se odteguje tam pojavljajoči se oz. skupaj z njim lomeči se premog. Znano je tudi, da vrh kape spustijo, tako da tedaj premog vodijo preko vrha kape k transporterju in ga preko le-tega odvažajo, pogosto ob sodelovanju stroja za ropanje. Tovrstne ščite uporabljajo naprimer tudi za podzemno pridobivanje rjavega premoga. Problem pri tem je, da je tako specializirano oporje uporabljivo samo za tako vrsto opiranja in da je predvsem pri menjavi debeline odkop bodisi močno prizadet ali celo nemogoč. Pomanjkljiva pri znanih t.i. odtegovalnih ščitih je sorazmerno nizka višina premoga, v katerega se zarezuje, in zmanjšana oporna sila oporja zaradi krovninskih kap, ki se uporabljajo.Shield support (shroud support) means semi-locked wide forehead support units with openings to the coal harness and conveyor on the wide forehead. Through the hydraulic posts, the sunroof and the floor restroom are kept at rest and pressed against the sunroof and the melt, with the sunroof and the breakage shield guided through a lemnisc gearbox. This lemniscate laptop pushes the stands to ensure that the top of the umbrella shield performs movement that is essentially perpendicular to the layer. Several types of shield supports are known, with large thicknesses, e.g. for example, over three feet thick, it uses a shield whose breakage shield is provided, for example, with a closing opening to drain it from appearing there. coal breaks with it. It is also known that the top of the cap is lowered, so that then the coal is guided over the top of the cap to the conveyor and dumped over it, often with the participation of a robber. Such shields are also used, for example, for the extraction of brown coal. The problem with this is that such a specialized support is only applicable to this type of support and that especially when changing the thickness, excavation is either severely affected or even impossible. Deficient in known i.e. the pull-out shields are the relatively low height of the coal into which it is cut and the reduced abutment force restrained by the umbrella strokes used.

Izum temelji na nalogi, ustvariti oporje pri ščitu, ki ga je moč zanesljivo uporabiti tako kot odtegovalni ščit kot tudi z omejeno predelavo kot klasični ščit za pridobivanje z rezanjem.The invention is based on the task of creating a support base for a shield that can be reliably used both as a withdrawal shield and as a limited processing device as a classic cutting production shield.

Naloga se po izumu reši s tem, daje kot prislonska kapa zasnovani krovninski kapi ali lomnemu ščitu prirejena kratka kapa, ki ima obojestransko zgibno ureditev, ki je zasnovana tako, da vsakokrat sodeluje z razpoložljivim zgibom, in ležišče za hidravlični stojki, kije primerljivo z ležiščem v lomnem ščitu.The task of the invention is solved by providing a short cap designed as a backlash cap or a fracture shield, which has a double articulated arrangement designed to cooperate with the available articulation at each time and a bearing for hydraulic stands comparable to the bed. in a breaking shield.

Na tak način zasnovana prislonska pomična kapa je uporabljiva tako s kratko kapo kot tudi brez nje v odvisnosti od tega, ali naj gre pri zadevnem ščitu za odtegovalni ščit ali za klasični ščit za pridobivanje po načinu z rezanjem. Kot odtegovalni ščit se opisana kratka kapa med zgibom in prislonsko pomično kapo vzame ven in hidravlični stojki se priključita na lomni ščit. Tedaj je dana možnost, da se pri odtegovanju premoga preko vrha kape brez uvlačenja stojk vsa kapa nagne in sicer tja do 60°. Do izgube na oporni sili ne pride. Ta odtegovalni ščit nima nikakršne glavne kape v običajnem pomenu, ampak samo opisano prislonsko pomično kapo, ki je priključena neposredno na zgib lomnega ščita. V celoti tako dobimo veliko oporno silo oporja in zanesljivo vozno pot za hidravličnima stojkama, tako da po širokem čelu lahko zanesljivo vozimo tudi med izkopavanjem oz. odtegovanjem premoga. Razen tega je prednostno, da je s tako ureditvijo višina premoga, ki ga režemo, bistveno večja kot pri dandanašnjih odtegovalnih ščitih in da je vnaprej dan bistveno povečan zračni presek, kar postane opazno predvsem po tem, da so CH₄-plini bistveno razredčeni in da so zračne razmere v celoti zboljšane.This designed sliding cap is usable both with and without a short cap, depending on whether the shield in question is a pull-out shield or a classic cut-off type shield. As a withdrawal shield, the short cap described between the joint and the reclining movable cap is taken out and the hydraulic struts are connected to the fracture shield. At that time, the possibility of tilting the coal across the top of the cap without inserting the racks tilts the entire stroke to 60 °. No loss of support force occurs. This withdrawal shield does not have any main cap in the ordinary sense, but only the described movable cap, which is connected directly to the joint of the breakage shield. All in all, this gives us a great support force of the struts and a reliable driving path behind the hydraulic stands, so that we can ride reliably even during the excavation or excavation. by draining coal. In addition, it is advantageous that with such arrangement the height of the coal being cut is significantly greater than that of the present deflection shields and that the air cross-section is significantly increased in advance, which becomes noticeable mainly because the CH ₄ gases are significantly diluted and that the air conditions are completely improved.

Po smotrni izvedbi izuma je predvideno, da je prislonska pomična kapa neposredno ali posredno preko kratke kape prigrajena k zgibu lomnega ščita. Pri neposredni priključitvi k zgibu lomnega ščita nastane odtegovalni ščit, medtem ko pri vmesni vgraditvi opisane kratke kape in ustrezni prireditvi hidravličnih stojk nastane klasičen ščit za rezalno pridobivanje. V ta namen potrebne predelave so skrajno majhne, tako da tovrstno preureditev po vseh pravilih lahko izvedemo tudi med obratovanjem oz. v širokem čelu. S tem se da pri ustreznih motnjah, zlasti pri zmanjšanih debelinah slojev praktično menjaje se uresničiti dva postopka ropanja. Vmes vgrajena kratka kapa v tolikšni meri omogoča spremembo ščita, da lahko hidravlični stojki postavimo pod kratko kapo, da tako predložimo klasičen ščit za rezalno pridobivanje, ki smotrno deluje po sistemu Korak-Nazaj. Zelo visoka oporna sila oporja se doseže, če sta hidravlični stojki uležiščeni v bližini zgiba lomnega ščita v kratki kapi ali v lomnem ščitu. Da spomnimo, naj opozorimo na to, da pri prireditvi hidravličnih stojk k lomnemu ščitu dobimo odtegovalni ščit in pri prireditvi hidravličnih stojk h kratki kapi dobimo klasičen ščit. V obeh primerih je, kot rečeno, izbrana ureditev za hidravlični stojki, ki naredi možno kar se da tesno priključitev v območju zgiba med lomnim ščitom in kratko kapo oz. prislonsko pomično kapo.According to a prudent embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the stop cap is directly or indirectly attached to the hinge of the breaking shield directly or indirectly through the short cap. The direct connection to the joint of the breaker shield creates a pull-out shield, while the intermediate installation of the short caps described and the corresponding arrangement of the hydraulic stands create a classic shield for cutting. For this purpose, the necessary modifications are extremely small, so this kind of rearrangement according to all the rules can also be carried out during operation or. in a wide forehead. This makes it practically possible to change two robberies in appropriate disturbances, especially at reduced layer thicknesses. The built-in short cap allows changing the shield to such an extent that the hydraulic struts can be placed under the short cap to provide a classic cutting extraction shield that works well with the Step-Back system. A very high abutment force is achieved when the hydraulic struts are positioned near the joint of the fracture shield in a short stroke or in the fracture shield. As a reminder, it should be noted that when applying hydraulic stands to a breaking shield, a withdrawal shield is obtained, and when applying hydraulic stands to a short stroke, a classic shield is obtained. In both cases, as it is said, the arrangement for the hydraulic stands is chosen, which makes it possible to connect as closely as possible in the area of the joint between the fracture shield and the short cap or. back sliding cap.

Za optimizacijo stojne zanesljivosti tovrstnega ščita, zlasti v obliki odtegovalnega ščita, je predvideno, da ima prislonska pomična kapa oz. kratka kapa priključno točko za zgibno z lomnim ščitom povezana in zgib premoščajoča prislonska cilindra, ki pri povezavi s prislonsko pomično kapo hkrati služita kot odtegovalna cilindra. Slednje pomeni, da se preko prislonskih cilindrov prislonska pomična kapa nagne za v nadaljnjem zgoraj omenjenih 60°, da se tako zagotovi odtegovanje premoga. Hkrati služita ta odtegovalna cilindra tudi pri tem kot prislonska cilindra, predvsem pa tedaj, ko je vmes vgrajena kratka kapa, da se dobi klasičen ščit. Da se uresniči omenjena prislonska funkcija, je pri tem predvideno, da je priključna točka za prislonska cilindra razporejena v območju sprejema hidravličnih stojk. Ta posebna zgibna priključitev prislonske pomične kape in istočasno podprtje s prislonskima cilindroma omogoča, da je opisana stojna zanesljivost dana na vsak način in sicer tudi tedaj, ko na lomnem ščitu ne nalega noben zrušek. Take situacije vnašajo pri znanih odtegovalnih ščitih velike probleme, tu pri opisanem odtegovalnem ščitu pa vsekakor pač ne.In order to optimize the standing reliability of this shield, in particular in the form of a pull shield, it is envisaged that the backing movable cap or. short cap connection point for articulated shield with fracture shield and bridge joint bridging cylinders, which simultaneously serve as withdrawal cylinders when connected to the actuator. The latter means that the stop cap is tilted by the cylindrical cylinders by the further 60 ° referred to above to ensure that the coal is pulled away. At the same time, these withdrawing cylinders also serve as back-up cylinders, and especially when a short cap is installed in between to give a classic shield. In order to realize said stop function, it is provided that the connection point for the stop cylinders is arranged in the receiving area of the hydraulic stands. This special articulated attachment of the stop cover and the simultaneous support with the stop cylinders allows the described reliability to be given in every way, even when no crashes are placed on the breakage shield. Such situations present major problems with known shields, but certainly not with the described shields.

Enostaven in zanesljiv priključek nastavljalnih cilindrov je uresničiti tedaj, ko je priključna točka za nastavljalna cilindra izvedena kot čez spodnjo stran krovninske kape oz. kratke kape štrleč kotni nastavek, ki hkrati služi tudi zgibni priključitvi izravnalnega cilindra. S tem je namreč dana možnost sopriključiti tudi izravnalni cilinder, kije potreben pri vmesni vgraditvi kratke kape. Na osnovi posebne ureditve teh kotnih nastavkov je preureditev od odtegovalnega ščita na klasični ščit še enostavneje izvedljiva, pri čemer ima prislonski cilinder glede priključka na lomnem ščitu vedno enak priključek, tako da je le-ta na drugem koncu, t.j. bodisi neposredno na prislonski pomični kapi ali na kratki kapi, potreben le glede iztegljivega dela.The simple and reliable connection of the adjusting cylinders is realized when the connection point for the adjusting cylinders is made as across the bottom of the umbrella cap or. short caps protruding angular nozzle, which also serves as a hinged connection of the balancing cylinder. This makes it possible to co-connect the balancing cylinder, which is necessary for the intermediate installation of the short cap. Due to the special arrangement of these angular mountings, the conversion from the extrusion shield to the classic shield is even simpler, with the socket cylinder always having the same connection with respect to the connection on the breaking shield, so that it is at the other end, i.e. either directly on the backing stroke or on the short stroke, required only with respect to the pull-out part.

Izravnalni cilinder, ki je potreben pri vmesni vgraditvi kratke kape, je tako razporejen, da premošča zgibno ureditev med kratko kapo in prislonsko pomično kapo, in je zgibno povezan s priključno točko na prislonski pomični kapi in priključno točko na kratki kapi. To omogoča določeno usmeritev prislonske pomične kape, če je to potrebno, predvsem pa potrebno povečanje togosti te zgibne ureditve, ki je prednostna in smotrna, da lahko brez bistvenih predelav eno vrsto oporja preklopimo na drugo.The balancing cylinder required for the interim installation of the short cap is so arranged that it bridges the articulation between the short cap and the reclining cap, and is articulated with the connection point on the reclining cap and the connecting point on the short cap. This allows for a certain orientation of the sliding cap, if necessary, and above all, the necessary increase in the rigidity of this articulated arrangement, which is preferred and expedient, in order to be able to switch one type of support to another without substantial alterations.

Tako pri uporabi kot odtegovalni ščit kot tudi pri uporabi kot klasični ščit je prednostno, daje prislonski pomični kapi prirejena sklopna kapa, preko katere se vplivno območje prislonske pomične kape dodatno lahko poveča. To ima predvsem tudi pri izvedbi odtegovalni ščit prednosti, saj lahko tedaj krovninski premog ciljno pritegnemo in sicer enkrat s pomočjo zložitve oz. premika sklopne kape in z uvlečenjem ali razstavitvijo prislonske pomične kape in nato še z njeno nagnjenostjo skupaj za tja do 60°.For use as a drawback shield as well as for use as a classic shield, it is preferable that the slide movable cap is adapted to have a folding cap over which the influence area of the slide movable cap can be further enlarged. This also has the advantage of having a pull-out shield, as the coal can then be targeted at a single time by folding or folding. moves the folding cap by retracting or disassembling the slide cover and then tilting it together by up to 60 °.

Sklopna kapa ne le podaljša prislonsko pomično kapo, ampak jo lahko vgradimo tudi tako, da je hkrati aktivirana, saj je po določeni izvedbi izuma sklopna kapa tako sklopljivo izvedena, da s svojim vrhom malenkostno štrli tja čez krovno ploščo prislonske pomične kape. Ona je v ta namen po načinu prenosnika krmila zavihtljiva in preko prestavljalnega cilindra sostrežljiva, tako da lahko potrebno hidravlično opremljenost prednostno držimo v mejah.The folding cap not only extends the sliding movable cap, but it can also be mounted in such a way that it is activated at the same time, since according to a certain embodiment of the invention, the folding cap is so foldable that its tip protrudes slightly over the cover plate of the sliding movable cap. For this purpose, it is swivelable and responsive via the gearbox, so that the required hydraulic equipment can be preferably kept within limits.

Da je za transporter na širokem čelu in stroj za ropanje tako pri izvedbi kot odtegovalni ščit kot tudi pri izvedbi kot klasični ščit vnaprej dan enak zanesljiv položaj stroja za ropanje, izum predvideva, da je talno sanišče na strani, ki nosi transporter širokega čela, zasnovano teleskopsko spremenljivo. S tem je dana možnost, da transporter in s tem stroj za ropanje praktično vedno tako pozicioniramo, da ga lahko premaknemo praktično do pod vrh kape, t.j. ne da bi ga premaknili ven iz zaščitnega območja oporja. Prednostno pri tem je, če je transporter širokega čela prirejen čevlju sanišča, ki je preko cilindra za podajanje tako izveden, da je pomičen nad napredovalni vrh talnega sanišča. Brezhibno vodenje posameznih delov drugega pri drugem je s tem zagotovljeno.The invention provides that, for both the wide-head conveyor and the robbery machine, the reliable position of the robbery machine is given in advance in both the design and the withdrawal shield as well as the classic shield in advance, the invention provides that the floor restroom on the side carrying the broad-front conveyor is designed telescopically variable. This enables the conveyor and thus the robbery machine to be positioned practically in such a way that it can be moved virtually to the top of the cap, i.e. without moving it out of the protection zone of the abutment. Preferably, the wide forehead conveyor is adapted to the shoe of the sanitary facility, which is so arranged over the delivery cylinder that it moves above the advancing top of the ground sanitary facility. The smooth running of individual parts of each other is thus ensured.

Izum se odlikuje predvsem po tem, da je ustvarjen ščit, ki ga lahko naredimo praktično variabilnega in sicer z vmesno vgraditvijo vmesne kape oz. kratke kape, da se ga na ta način vgradi tako kot klasični ščit kot tudi brez te kratke kape kot odtegovalni ščit. S tem je možna prilagodljivost na različne zahteve, ki se lahko denimo med obratovanjem ropanja lahko menja. Prednostno je razen tega tudi predvsem, da je pri zasnovi kot odtegovalni ščit obratovanje možno praktično brez izgube na oporni sili, saj se krovninska kapa lahko spusti brez uvlečenja stojk. Celotna krovninska kapa v obliki prislonske pomične kape se okoli zgiba med kapo in lomnim ščitom nagne za tja do 60°, tako da lahko odtegujemo zelo velike količine premoga in sicer v bistvu brez izgub, zlasti ob izognitvi izgubam, ki nastopajo predvsem pri odtegovanju premoga preko lomnega ščita. Prednostno je nadalje, da je izvedba tovrstnega ščita bistveno udobnejša od izvedbe znanih odtegovalnih ščitov, rezultat česar je tako boljša vozljivost kot tudi dodatna varnost proti izstopajočim CH₄plinom. Slednjič je opozoriti na povečano stojno zanesljivost, ki je dosežena s posebnim načinom zgibne priključitve prislonske pomične kape in podrptjem s prislonskim cilindrom. V nobenem primeru rezultanta oporja pri obremenitvi ne more ležati pred vrhom sanišča, tako da je zgoraj omenjena potrebna stojna zanesljivost vedno dana. Prednostna je razen tega mala razsežnost tehnične opremljenosti, ki postane potrebna, če naj se tovrstni odtegovalni ščit predela v običajni klasični ščit za rezalno ropanje. Potrebno je le namestiti ustrezen vmesni kos v obliki kratke kape med krovninsko kapo in lomnim ščitom oz. njegovim zgibom, pri čemer to postane lahko s tem, ker ima ta kratka kapa obojestransko sodelujočo zgibno ureditev. Hidravlični stojki sta vsakokrat primaknjeni tesno k zgibu oz. zgibni ureditvi, tako da se dobijo optimalne oporne sile, da se po drugi strani vsa prislonska pomična kapa spusti oz. nagne okoli zgiba. Ustvarjenje tako večstransko uporaben ščit.The invention is distinguished primarily by the fact that a shield is created which can be made practically variable by the intermediate installation of an intermediate cap or. short caps to be fitted in this way, both as a classic shield and without this short cap as a withdrawal shield. This makes it possible to adapt to different requirements, which, for example, may change during the operation of the robbery. It is also advantageous, in particular, that the design as a withdrawal shield can be operated practically without loss of support, since the umbrella can be lowered without retracting the stands. The entire roof cap in the form of a sloping movable cap is tilted up to 60 ° around the joint between the cap and the break shield, so that very large amounts of coal can be drawn off, essentially without losses, especially while avoiding losses that occur mainly when coal is pulled over of a breaking shield. It is further preferred that the design of this shield is substantially more comfortable than that of known extrusion shields, resulting in both better driveability and additional safety against the protruding CH ₄ gases. The last thing to note is the increased stand reliability achieved by the special method of articulating attachment of the stopcock and the support with the backing cylinder. In any case, the resultant load bearing can not lie in front of the top of the sanitarium, so the aforementioned necessary stable reliability is always given. Preferably, however, the small size of the technical equipment that becomes necessary in order to transform such a withdrawal shield into a conventional conventional cutting robbery shield is preferred. All you need to do is install a suitable intermediate piece in the form of a short cap between the umbrella cap and the break shield. its hinges, and this can be made easy by the fact that this short hat has a two-way participating hinge arrangement. The hydraulic struts are always pushed close to the hinge. articulated arrangements so as to obtain optimum support forces, in order to lower the resting movable cap on the other hand. leans around the joint. Creating such a versatile shield.

Nadaljnje podrobnosti in prednosti izumskega predmeta izhajajo iz sledečega opisa pripadajočih skic, v katerih je predstavljen prednosten izvedbeni primer z v ta namen potrebnimi podrobnostmi in posameznimi deli. Pri tem kaže:Further details and advantages of the inventive object are derived from the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which a preferred embodiment is presented with the details and individual parts required for this purpose. It shows:

sl. 1 klasičen ščit za rezalno ropanje, v pogledu od strani, sl. 2 odtegovalni ščit, v pogledu od strani, sl. 2a odtegovalni ščit v pogledu čelno proti glavi, kot delni pogled, in sl. 3 povečano predstavitev povezave lomnega ščita in krovninske kape z vmes vključeno kratko kapo.FIG. 1 is a classic cutting edge shield, FIG. 2 is a side view shield, FIG. Fig. 2a is a partial front view of the pull shield in front-to-head view, and FIG. 3 enlarged representation of the connection of the breaking shield and the umbrella with the short hat included.

Na skici sl. 1 je predstavljeno oporje pri ščitu, označeno kot kombinacijski ščit. Ta ščit 1 kot običajno razpolaga s kompaktnim talnim saniščem 2, lomnim ščitom 3, ki je s talnim saniščem zgibno povezan preko lemniskatnega prenosnika 4, in s krovninsko kapo 5, ki je napeta preko hidravličnih stojk 6, 7 med krovnino 11 in talnino 12, pri čemer se hidravlični stojki 6, 7 opirata na talno sanišče 2. Da gre vsakokrat za dve hidravlični stojki 6,7, jasno kaže skica sl. 2a.In the sketch of FIG. 1 shows a support at a shield designated as a combination shield. This shield 1, as usual, has a compact floor sanitizer 2, a breaking shield 3 which is articulated to the floor sanitizer via a lemniscate gearbox 4, and a sunroof 5 which is tensioned via hydraulic posts 6, 7 between the sunroof 11 and the ground 12, wherein the hydraulic struts 6, 7 rely on the floor sanitary unit 2. That each is two hydraulic struts 6,7 is clearly illustrated by the sketch of FIG. 2a.

Posebna zasnova ščita 1 omogoča ohranjanje odprtega stanja odprtine 9 v smeri premogovega nariva 10, medtem ko lomni ščit 3 ob pomoči prislonskega cilindra 8 skrbi za to, daje enota ščita varovana proti sesipajočemu se zrušku.The special design of the shield 1 maintains the open state of the orifice 9 in the direction of the coal shaft 10, while the refractive shield 3, by means of the stop cylinder 8, ensures that the shield unit is protected against a collapsing crash.

Sloj 13, ki je tu samo nakazan, vsaj delno s strojem 38 za ropanje razrahljamo, pri čemer premog nato preko transporterja 37 širokega čela odvedemo.The layer 13, which is only indicated here, is loosened at least partially by the loosening machine 38, whereupon the coal is then discharged via the broad forehead conveyor 37.

Medtem ko je na skici sl. 1 prikazani ščit 1 označen kot klasični ščit za rezalno ropanje, služi ščit 1, ki ga kaže skica sl. 2 in ki je v principu enako zasnovan, kot odtegovalni ščit. To pomeni, da je premogu sloja 13 s spustitvijo vrha 14 kape dopuščeno, da se sesuje noter, pri čemer ga tedaj prav tako preko transporterja 37 širokega čela odvedemo iz širokega čela. Konico 14 kape spustimo s pomočjo odtegovalnega cilindra 15, ki je lahko istočasno prislonski cilinder 8. Gre pa lahko tudi za posebni odtegovalni cilinder 15. V ta namen je kot prislonska pomična kapa 20 zasnovana krovninska kapa 5 preko zgiba 16 povezana z lomnim ščitom 3.While in the sketch of FIG. 1 shows a shield 1 designated as a classic cutting robbery shield; serves as the shield 1 shown in FIG. 2 and which is in principle the same design as the withdrawal shield. This means that the coal layer 13, by lowering the top 14 of the cap, is allowed to suck in. It is then also removed from the wide forehead via the conveyor 37 of the wide forehead. The tip 14 of the cap is lowered by means of a withdrawal cylinder 15, which may at the same time be a cylindrical cylinder 8. It may also be a special withdrawal cylinder 15. For this purpose, a roof cap 5 designed through the joint 16 is connected to the refractive shield 3 via a joint 16.

Hidravlični stojki 6 sta pri izvedbi po sl. 2 uležiščeni v ležišču 17 lomnega ščita 3, tako da lahko prislonsko pomično kapo 20 vidno zaznavno nagnemo daleč dol okoli zgiba 16, če je to za potrebe odtegovanja premoga zaželeno oz. potrebno.Hydraulic struts 6 are in the embodiment of FIG. 2 rests in the bearing 17 of the breaking shield 3, so that the movable cap 20 can be visibly tilted far down around the joint 16, if this is desired or required for coal withdrawal. necessary.

Pri ureditvi po sl. 1, t.j. torej pri klasični izvedbi ščita, je prislonska pomična kapa 20 enako kot pri zasnovi kot odtegovalni ščit po sl. 2 preko prestavljalnega cilindra 21 prestavljiva v smeri sloja oz. premogovega nariva 19. Prestavljalni cilinder 21 ima razen tega nadaljnje funkcije, o katerih je podrobneje govor v nadaljnjem.In the arrangement of FIG. 1, i.e. that is, in the classical shield design, the stop cap 20 is the same as in the design as the withdrawal shield of FIG. 2 through the shift cylinder 21 is adjustable in the direction of the layer or. coal gearing 19. The shifting cylinder 21 also has further functions, which are discussed in more detail below.

S prislonsko pomično kapo 20 in kvazi med njo in zgibom 16 postavljena je kratka kapa 22, ki ima na obeh straneh zgibno ureditev 23, 24, da jo tako brez slehernih nadaljnjih sprememb lahko postavimo med zgib 16 in prislonsko pomično kapo 20.With a stop cap 20 and a quasi between it and the joint 16, a short cap 22 is mounted, which has a hinged arrangement 23, 24 on both sides, so that it can be placed between the joint 16 and the stop cap 20 without any further changes.

Pri izvedbi po sl. 1 je kratka kapa 22 nadalje povezana z ležiščem 25, da lahko tako sprejme hidravlični stojki 6,7.In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the short cap 22 is further connected to the bearing 25 to accommodate the hydraulic struts 6,7.

Za navezavo oz. zgibno priključitev prislonskega cilindra je v povečani predstavitvi po sl. 3 na spodnji strani 28 kot priključna točka 27 predviden kotni nastavek 29. Ta kotni nastavek 29 pri tem prednostno hkrati služi za priključitev izravnalnega cilindraFor grooming or. the articulated connection of the stop cylinder is in enlarged view according to FIG. 3 on the underside 28, as an attachment point 27, an angular nozzle 29 is provided.

30, ki naj bi povečal togost zgibne ureditve 24 in ki za povrh služi tudi za to, da prislonsko pomično kapo 20 prevede vsakokrat v želeni položaj. Izravnalni cilinder 30 je v ta namen povezan z nadaljnjim priključnim kotnikom 32, ki oddaja drugo potrebno priključno točko 31. Primerjava obeh skic sl. 1 in 2 ponazarja, da ta priključni kotnik 32, če se odrečemo kratki kapi 22, hkrati služi kot priključna točka za prislonski cilinder 8 oz. odtegovalni cilinder 15.30, which is intended to increase the rigidity of the articulation arrangement 24 and which furthermore serves to translate the movable cap 20 in each desired position. To this end, the balancing cylinder 30 is connected to a further connection angle 32, which emits another necessary connection point 31. A comparison of the two drawings FIG. 1 and 2 illustrate that this connecting angle 32, if we give up the short stroke 22, simultaneously serves as an attachment point for the cylinder 8 and 8 respectively. withdrawal cylinder 15.

Prislonska pomična kapa 20 ima tako pri zasnovi po sl. 1 kot po sl, 2 sklopno kapo 33, katere vrh 34 lahko dvignemo nad krovno ploščo 35 preostale prislonske pomične kape 20, da s tem sklopni kapi 33 naložimo aktivno delo. Sklopna kapa 33 je preko krmilnega prenosnika 36 povezana s prislonsko pomično kapo 20, tako da nanjo lahko vplivamo preko prestavljalnega cilindra 21 hkrati z njim.The sliding cap 20 thus has the design of FIG. 1 as in FIG. 2, a coupling cap 33, the top of which 34 can be raised above the deck 35 of the rest of the movable cap 20, in order to load the coupling cap 33 with active work. The switching cap 33 is connected to the stop cap 20 via the steering gear 36 so that it can be actuated via the gear cylinder 21 at the same time.

O transporterju 37 širokega čela in stroju 38 za odkopavanje je nekaj že bilo povedanega. Ta agregata sta razporejena s strani 39 talnega sanišča 2 in se ju da preko podajnega cilindra 42 ali ločenega cilindra premakniti na večji ali manjši odmik od talnega sanišča 2. V ta namen sta čevelj 40 sanišča, na katerem je razporejen transporter 37 širokega čela, in potisni vrh 41 zasnovana teleskopsko prilagodljivo.Something has already been said about the wide forehead conveyor 37 and the excavator 38. These aggregates are arranged on the side of the floor sanitary unit 2 and can be moved via the feed cylinder 42 or a separate cylinder to a greater or lesser distance from the floor sanitary facility 2. For this purpose, the shoe 40 is a sanitary unit on which the wide front conveyor 37 is arranged, and push top 41 designed telescopically adjustable.

Hidravlični stojki 6, 7 sta zasnovani na več mestih teleskopsko zgibni, kar kažeta skici sl. 1 in 2, tako da se da premostiti neizogibne razlike v debelinah sloja, ki lahko nastopajo pri takih slojih 13. Predvsem pri odtegovalnem ščitu po sl. 2 je s posebno zasnovo zgibne priključitve prislonske pomične kape 20 in podprtja s prislonskima cilindroma 8 zagotovljena prednostna stojna zanesljivost pri vsakem načinu vnašanja obtežbe. V nobenem primeru v oporju rezultirajoča obtežba ne more ležati pred potisnim vrhom 41 talnega sanišča 2 in sicer neodvisno od tega, koliko sta hidravlični stojki 6, 7 razpotegnjeni. Pri izvedbi, ki jo kaže sl. 2, je rezultat posebne ureditve hidravličnih stojk 6, 7 v bližini zgiba 16 med prislonsko pomično kapo 20 in lomnim ščitom 3 ta, da se jasno dobi že omenjena zelo visoka oporna sila oporja, kar pri doslej običajnih zasnovah ščita ni bilo možno.The hydraulic struts 6, 7 are arranged in several places telescopically articulated, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 so as to overcome the inevitable differences in layer thicknesses that may occur with such layers 13. Particularly with the pullout shield of FIG. 2, the special design of the articulated attachment of the stop cap 20 and the support with the stop cylinders 8 ensures a preferential stable reliability for each load application method. In any case, the resulting load cannot lie in front of the thrust top 41 of the floor sanitary unit 2, regardless of how far the hydraulic posts 6, 7 are stretched. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the result of the special arrangement of the hydraulic posts 6, 7 near the joint 16 between the movable cap 20 and the breakage shield 3 is that the very high abutment force of the support is clearly obtained, which has not been possible with conventional shield designs so far.

Vse omenjene značilnosti, tudi tiste, ki so razvidne samo s skic, je treba jemati za izumske bodisi same zase kot tudi v kombinaciji.All the aforementioned characteristics, including those which are only apparent from the drawings, must be taken as inventive, either alone or in combination.

Claims (11)

Patentni zahtevkiPatent claims 1. Ščit z lemniskatnim prenosnikom (4), lomnim ščitom (3), talnim sanišČem (2) in krovninsko kapo (5) ter hidravličnima stojkama (6, 7), ki ohranjata odprtino (9) k premogovemu narivu (10), in prislonskima cilindroma (8) za odkopavanje mineralov, predvsem premoga, nahajajočega se v velikih debelinah (13), pri čemer se vrh (14) kape za odtegovanje premoga preko določenega odtegovalnega cilindra (15) lahko nagne okoli določenega zgloba (16), značilen po tem, da je kot prislonska pomična kapa (20) zasnovani krovninski kapi (5) ali lomnemu ščitu (3) prirejena kratka kapa (22), ki ima z obeh strani zgibno ureditev (23, 24), ki je vsakokrat tako zasnovana, da sodeluje z razpoložljivim zgibom (16), in ležišče (25) za hidravlični stojki (6,7), kije primerljivo z ležiščem (17) v lomnem ščitu (2).A shield with a lemniscate gearbox (4), a refractive shield (3), a floor sledge (2) and a sunroof (5) and hydraulic posts (6, 7) that maintain the opening (9) to the coal seam (10), and shaft cylinders (8) for the excavation of minerals, in particular coal located in large thicknesses (13), wherein the tip (14) of the coal extraction cap can be tilted around a particular joint (16) by means of a specific withdrawal cylinder (15). the fact that a sunroof (20) is designed as a sunroof (5) or a breaking shield (3) and has a short hat (22) which has a pivot arrangement (23, 24) on each side, designed in such a way that it cooperates with the available hinge (16), and the bearing (25) behind the hydraulic posts (6,7), which is comparable to the bearing (17) in the breaking shield (2). 2. Ščit po zahtevku 1, značilen po tem, da je prislonska pomična kapa (20) neposredno ali posredno preko kratke kape (22) prigrajena k zgibu (16) lomnega ščita (3).Shield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the reclining movable cap (20) is mounted directly or indirectly via the short cap (22) to the joint (16) of the breaking shield (3). 3. Ščit po enem od predhodnih zahtevkov, značilen po tem, da sta hidravlični stojki (6, 7) uležiščeni v bližini zgiba (16) lomnega ščita (3) v kratki kapi (22) ali lomnem ščitu (3).Shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic posts (6, 7) are mounted near the joint (16) of the breaking shield (3) in a short stroke (22) or a breaking shield (3). 4. Ščit po enem od predhodnih zahtevkov, značilen po tem, da ima prislonska pomična kapa (20) oz. kratka kapa (22) priključno točko (27, 31) za z lomnim ščitom (3) zgibno povezana in zgib (16) premoščajoča prislonska cilindra (8), ki pri povezavi s prislonsko pomično kapo (20) hkrati služita kot odtegovalni cilinder (15).Shield according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a backward movable cap (20) or. short cap (22) connection point (27, 31) for articulated shield (3) articulated and articulated (16) bridging stop cylinders (8), which simultaneously serve as a withdrawal cylinder (15) when connected to the stop movable cap (20). ). 5. Ščit po zahtevku 4, značilen po tem, da je priključna točka (27, 31) za prislonska cilindra (8) razporejena v območju ležišča (25,17) hidravličnih stojk (6,7).5. Shield according to claim 4, characterized in that the connection point (27, 31) for the supporting cylinders (8) is arranged in the area of the bearing (25,17) of the hydraulic posts (6,7). 6. Ščit po enem od predhodnih zahtevkov, značilen po tem, da je priključna točka (27, 31) za prislonska cilindra (8) zasnovana kot čez spodnjo stran (28) krovninske kape (5) oz. kratke kape (22) štrleč kotni nastavek (29), ki hkrati služi tudi za zgibno priključitev izravnalnega cilindra (30).Shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection point (27, 31) for the retaining cylinders (8) is designed as across the underside (28) of the roof cap (5) or. short caps (22) protruding angular nozzle (29), which also serves to articulate the balancing cylinder (30). 7. Ščit po zahtevku 6, značilen po tem, da je izravnalni cilinder (30) tako razporejen, da premošča zgibno ureditev (24) med kratko kapo (22) in prislonsko pomično kapo (20), in zgibno povezan s priključno točko (27) na prislonski pomični kapi (20) in priključno točko (31) na kratki kapi (22).Shield according to claim 6, characterized in that the balancing cylinder (30) is so arranged that it bridges the articulation arrangement (24) between the short cap (22) and the movable cap (20) and is articulated connected to the connection point (27). ) on the stop stroke (20) and the connection point (31) on the short stroke (22). 8. Ščit po enem od predhodnih zahtevkov, značilen po tem, daje prislonski pomični kapi (20) prirejena sklopna kapa (33).Shield according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator cap (20) is a modified coupling cap (33). 9. Ščit po zahtevku 8, značilen po tem, da je sklopna kapa (33) tako sklopljiva, da s svojim vrhom (34) vsaj malenkostno štrli čez krovno ploščo (35) prislonske pomične kape (20).9. Shield according to claim 8, characterized in that the folding cap (33) is so foldable that, with its tip (34), it protrudes at least slightly over the cover plate (35) of the movable cap (20). 10. Ščit po enem od predhodnih zahtevkov, značilen po tem, da je talno sanišče (2) na strani (39), kjer nosi transporter (37) širokega čela, tako zasnovano, da se teleskopsko raztegne oz. skrči.Shield according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor sanitary unit (2) on the side (39), where the conveyor (37) is wide-forehead, is designed to extend or extend telescopically. shrink. 11. Ščit po zahtevku 10, značilen po tem, da je transporter (37) širokega čela prirejen čevlju (40) sanišča, ki je tako zasnovan, da je preko podajnega cilindra (42) pomakljiv čez napredovalni vrh (41) talnega sanišča (2).Shield according to claim 10, characterized in that the wide forehead conveyor (37) is adapted to a sanitary shoe (40) so designed that it is movable over the advancing tip (41) of the ground sanitizer (2) via the feed cylinder (42). ).