SI9700196A - Process and apparatus for the recovery of liquid light metal from a dispersed mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention refers to a procedure and a device for extraction of a metallic phase from a dispersion mixture consisting of at least one light metal or of an alloy of these metals as well as of at least one non-metallic phase, in a given case of one or several further substances, at higher temperatures, first of all from slag which is deposited during the process of manufacture, processing or recuperation of aluminium and aluminium alloys, by means of acceleration forces. The following steps are foreseen for this purpose: charging the dispersion mixture into a metallurgical vessel; heating and/or adjustment of the charge to the temperature of 20 up to 250 degrees Celsius above the liquidus temperature of the metallic phase; homogenisation and achievement of high liquefaction of the charge by rotation mixing; uniform distribution of the prepared liquid dispersion mixture around the rotation axis of the metallurgical vessel; establishment of a radial acceleration of the mixture of at least 1 g; maintenance of the radial acceleration for at least 0,015 hours to extract the metal or disintegrate the mixture respectively; reduction of radial acceleration to the zero value in a period of more than 0,03 hours; casting the metallic phase out of the metallurgical vessel; removal of the non-metallic phase or phases from the metallurgical vessel.

Description

Postopek in priprava za pridobivanje tekoče lahke kovine iz disperzne mešaniceProcess and preparation for the production of liquid light metal from a dispersion mixture

Izum se nanaša na postopek za pridobivanje kovinske faze iz disperzne mešanice, ki obstoji iz vsaj ene lahke kovine, predvsem aluminija, ali iz zlitine iz te kovine oz. teh kovin in iz vsaj ene nekovinske faze, ki jo tvori vsaj en oksid ali oksidna spojina in/ali druge spojine te kovine oz. teh kovin, v danem primeru iz ene ali več nadaljnjih snovi, npr. soli ali solnih mešanic in podobnega, pri visokih temperaturah, predvsem iz žlinder, ki se pojavijo pri postopkih za izdelovanje, predelavo ali ponovno pridobivanje aluminija in aluminijevih zlitin, ob uporabi pospeševalnih sil. Izum nadalje obsega pripravo predvsem za izvajanje zgornjega postopka, ki je v bistvu stvorjena iz zasučne in zvračalne metalurške posode.The invention relates to a process for recovering a metal phase from a dispersion mixture consisting of at least one light metal, in particular aluminum, or an alloy of that metal or metal. of these metals and of at least one non-metallic phase formed by at least one oxide or oxide compound and / or other compounds of this metal or. these metals, optionally from one or more further substances, e.g. salts or salt mixtures and the like, at high temperatures, in particular from slag, which occur in processes for the production, processing or recovery of aluminum and aluminum alloys, using accelerating forces. The invention further encompasses the preparation, in particular, of carrying out the above process, which is essentially created from a rotary and reversible metallurgical vessel.

Stalitev in predvsem obdelava lahkih kovin, kot so aluminij, silicij, magnezij in podobne zlitine, v tekočem raztaljenem stanju kot tudi ponovno pridobivanje teh kovin z raztalitvijo odpadnih kovin in podobnih materialov na zraku povzročijo oksidiranje in tvorjenje nitridov na površini talečih se kosov in taline, ker imajo lahke kovine visoko afiniteto do kisika in dušika. Nastajajoči oksidi in nekovinske faze se izoblikujejo z robato zrnato makrostrukturo in imajo večjo specifično maso kot kovine. Površinska napetost tekoče lahke kovine in predvsem napetost na mejnih ploskvah pri visokih temperaturah talečih se oksidov kot tudi votli prostori pa povzročajo, da nekovinske faze plavajo na tekoči kovini kljub sorazemerno višji gostoti.The molten metal, and in particular the treatment of light metals such as aluminum, silicon, magnesium and similar alloys, as well as the recovery of these metals by melting scrap metal and similar materials in the air, result in the oxidation and formation of nitrides on the surface of the melting pieces and melt, because light metals have a high affinity for oxygen and nitrogen. The emerging oxides and non-metallic phases are formed by a coarse-grained macrostructure and have a greater specific mass than the metals. The surface tension of liquid light metal and, in particular, the stress at the boundary surfaces at high temperatures of the melting oxides as well as the hollow spaces cause the non-metallic phases to float on the liquid metal despite the relatively higher density.

Napetost površine na mejnih ploskvah tekoča kovina/trdna nekovinska zrna pa povzročajo tudi, da se kovinski delci zadržujejo med nekovinskimi zrni, s čimer ima lahko žlindra, ki se stvori oz. nahaja na tekoči kovinski kopeli, t.i. kovinska žlindra, visoko vsebnost kovine, ki lahko pogosto znaša do 80 mas.%. Z odstranjevanjem žlind2 re s površine talinske kopeli se s tem obnaša dragocena kovina, kar lahko pri deponiranju žlindre povzroča gospodarsko škodo in tudi ekološke probleme.The surface tension at the boundary surfaces of the liquid metal / solid non-metallic grains also causes the metal particles to linger between the non-metallic grains, thereby allowing the slag to be formed or formed. located on a liquid metal bath, i.e. metal slag, high in metal content, often up to 80% by weight. By removing the slag2 re from the surface of the melt bath, this is a precious metal, which can cause economic damage as well as environmental problems when depositing the slag.

Od začetkov tehnološke uporabe lahkih kovin v večjem obsegu in uporabe talilnometalurških postopkov so velika prizadevanja, da se pridobi kovinska faza iz žlindre, ki predstavlja disperzno mešanico.From the beginnings of the technological use of light metals on a larger scale and the use of smelting processes, great efforts have been made to obtain a metallic phase from slag, which is a dispersive mixture.

Da se zmanjša vsebnost kovine v žlindri, je možno primešati to sol. Ta ukrep je sicer delno povsem uspešen, vendar pa sol in spojine z nizkim tališčem večinoma niso gospodarsko ponovno uporabljive kot tudi raztopljive v vodi in prinašajo velike težave pri ravnanju in odstranjevanju.In order to reduce the metal content of the slag, it is possible to mix this salt. While this measure is partially successful, salt and low melting compounds are generally not economically reusable as well as soluble in water and pose major handling and disposal problems.

Bilo je tudi predlagano (US PS 4 040 820), da se odpove dodatku soli in da se kovina odstrani iz žlindre v segrevam vodoravni vrtilni peči. Z opotekajočim se počasnim premikanjem žlindre oz. disperzne mešanice v peči naj se kovinski delci dovedejo skupaj, združijo v tekočo kovino in le-ta se odlije. Vendar pa je bila pri tem stopnja izločitve kovine iz mešanice nizka in nastopili so tudi gospodarski problemi.It has also been proposed (US PS 4 040 820) to waive the addition of salt and to remove metal from the slag in a heated horizontal rotary kiln. By moving slow slag or slug. the dispersion mixtures in the furnace should be brought together, pooled into liquid metal and cast. However, the rate of elimination of metal from the mix was low and economic problems also arose.

V skladu z US PS 5 421 850 je bilo predlagano, da se dela v prav tako v bistvu vodoravno nameščeni vrteči se peči brez soli, se v te peči vstavi žlindra, se s segrevanjem s plazmo dovedejo na temperaturo nad liquidus temperaturo kovine in se z mešalnim gibanjem notri nahajajoči se kovinski delci aglomerirajo in združi drug z drugim. Tvorjenje grud v vložku naj se prepreči z različnimi vrtilnimi hitrostmi cevne peči, pri čemer se stvorjeni kovinski del odstranjuje skozi odtočno luknjo in preostali ostanek žlindre s strganjem pri majhnem nagibu peči. Pri tem predstavljajo pomanjkljivost visoki vložki in ne dovolj visoka stopnja izločanja kovine iz disperzne mešanice.In accordance with US PS 5 421 850, it was proposed to work in a substantially horizontally mounted rotary kiln without salt, to insert slag in such furnaces, to bring them to a temperature above the liquidus temperature of the metal by heating with plasma. with the mixing movement of the metal particles inside, they agglomerate and merge with each other. The formation of lumps in the cartridge should be prevented by varying the rotational speeds of the tube furnace, the metal part being removed through the drainage hole and the residual slag residue by scraping at a slight inclination of the furnace. The drawbacks are the high inputs and the not sufficiently high elimination rate of the metal from the dispersion mixture.

Iz GB 2 228 014 A je poznan postopek, pri katerem se žlindra ali odpadni aluminij segreje v navpični vrtilni peči s pomočjo plazemske energije oz. plazemskih gorilnikov, delno raztali in z vrtenjem peči povzroči agromeriranje tekočih kovinskih delcev in s tem pride do izločanja kovine iz disperzne mešanice, pri čemer se nabirajo aluminij in glina, torej aluminijev oksid. Kot plazemski plin se uporablja zrak ali zrak, ki je obogaten s kisikom, dušikom in podobnimi plini, ki reagirajo z alumijem, predvsem s plini, ki delujejo oksidirajoče. Z eksotermno reakcijo s plazemskim plinom se sicer čas segrevanja in taljenja vložka skrajša, pride pa do izgube kovine zaradi odgorevanja oz. oksidacije in s tem je pretežno potrebno odpraševanje odvod3 nih plinov in izplen kovine se zmanjša.GB 2 228 014 A discloses a process in which slag or scrap aluminum is heated in a vertical rotary kiln by means of plasma energy or. Plasma burners, partially melted and by rotation of the furnace causes agglomeration of liquid metal particles and thus the metal is extracted from the dispersion mixture, thus collecting aluminum and clay, that is aluminum oxide. Plasma gas is air or air enriched with oxygen, nitrogen and similar gases that react with aluminum, in particular with oxidizing gases. Exothermic reaction with the plasma gas shortens the time of heating and melting of the cartridge, but results in the loss of metal due to combustion. oxidation and, thus, the exhaustion of the exhaust gases is predominantly required and the metal leakage is reduced.

Nadalje so poznani postopki za pridobivanje kovinske faze iz disperzne mešanice, pri katerih tekoča kovina koalescira in se za tem strdi. Po spisu WO A2 93/01321 se v prvi stopnji v kokili izvede dezintegracija mešanice, ki se nahaja pri povišani temperaturi in koalesciranje tekočega deleža kovine s centrifugiranjem, nakar v drugi stopnji pride do strditve kovine v votlo telo. Izboljšanje in poenostavitev tovrstnega postopka sta dosegljiva (EP 626 458 Al), če se disperzna mešanica z visoko temperaturo pri uporabi pospeška v kokili dezintegrira v enem koraku, kovinska faza koalescira in se zbere v področju kokilne ploskve, se ohladi in pusti strditi.Furthermore, methods are known for recovering a metal phase from a dispersion mixture in which the liquid metal coalesces and solidifies thereafter. According to file WO A2 93/01321, the first step in the mold is disintegration of the mixture at elevated temperature and coalescing of the liquid portion of the metal by centrifugation, and then in the second stage, the solidification of the metal into the hollow body. Improvement and simplification of this process are achievable (EP 626 458 Al) if the high temperature dispersion mixture is disintegrated in a single step using the accelerator in the mold, the metal phase coalesces and is collected in the area of the mold surface, cooled and allowed to solidify.

Da se izboljša izločanje kovine iz disperznih mešanic iz lahke kovine in nekovinskih faz, je treba mešanico, kot je poznano iz spisov AT 400 448 B oz. EP 646 654 Al, ob mešanju vložka vnesti v dodelovalno oz. pripravljalno posodo, je treba vložek pregreti, vzpostaviti enakomerno temperaturno porazdelitev in z gibanjem faz držati dispergirano, nakar se homogenizirani vložek odstrani iz pripravljalne posode in se vnese v pripravo za razločevanje. Pri tem pa se lahko kot pomankljiva razumeta visok strojnotehnični napor in zapleten potek postopka.In order to improve the elimination of metal from light metal and non-metallic dispersed mixtures, the mixture as known from AT 400 448 B or. EP 646 654 Al, when mixing cartridge, insert into finishing or. Preparation vessel, the cartridge must be overheated, the temperature distribution uniformly established and the phases moved to keep it dispersed, after which the homogenised cartridge is removed from the preparation tank and introduced into the separation apparatus. However, high mechanical engineering effort and complicated process can be considered as deficient.

Vsi doslej poznani postopki za izločevanje kovine kot tudi priprave za izvajanje izločevanja kovine iz disperznih mešanic, predvsem žlinder, imajo nezadosten izplen kovine in/ali potebujejo za to velike strojnotehnične vložke in/ali izkazujejo s ponovnim vlaganjem kovine v talino slab termičen izkoristek in pri odstranjevanju preostalih snovi pretežno ne rešujejo problemov v zadostni meri.All known metal recovery processes as well as preparations for performing metal recovery from dispersed mixtures, in particular slag, have insufficient metal recovery and / or require large mechanical inputs and / or exhibit poor thermal efficiency and re-deposition of metal into the melt the remaining substances do not predominantly solve the problems sufficiently.

Tukaj bo pomagal izum, ki si zastavlja za cilj, da se odstranijo pomanjkljivosti znanih postopkov za ponovno pridobivanje kovin in se poda postopek, s katerim se na preprost način in z visoko stopnjo izločevanja kovine ponovno dobi lahka kovina v tekoči obliki iz disperzne mešanice in se lahko npr. ponovno uporabi v kovinski talini. Nadaljnja naloga izuma obstoji v tem, da se stvori priprava za izločanje kovine iz disperznih mešanic, ki je zgrajena preprosto, kot je tudi kompaktno izvedljiva ima majhno višino in omogoča gospodaren potek postopka.An invention which will aim to eliminate the disadvantages of the known metal recovery processes and to provide a process by which the light metal in liquid form from the dispersion mixture is recovered in a simple manner and with a high metal recovery rate can e.g. reused in metal melt. It is a further object of the invention to provide a device for extracting metal from dispersed mixtures, which is constructed simply as well as is compactly practicable and has a low height and allows for an economical course of the process.

Cilj se doseže s postopkom uvodoma navedene vrste, ki ima naslednje korake: vstavljanje disperzne mešanice v metalurško posodo;The objective is achieved by the process of the above-mentioned type, which has the following steps: insertion of the dispersion mixture into a metallurgical vessel;

segrevanje in/ali naravnavanje vložka na temperaturo od 20 do 250°C nad liquidus temperaturo kovinske faze;heating and / or adjusting the cartridge to a temperature of from 20 to 250 ° C above the liquidus temperature of the metal phase;

homogeniziranje in dosezanje visoke tekočnosti vložka z obračalnim mešanjem; enakomerno porazdeljevanje tekoče pripravljene disperzne mešanice okoli rotacijske osi metalurške posode;homogenizing and achieving high fluid flow by inverse mixing; evenly distributing the liquid prepared dispersion mixture around the rotation axis of the metallurgical vessel;

vzpostavitev radialnega pospeška mešanice z vsaj 1 g;establishment of radial acceleration of the mixture with at least 1 g;

vzdrževanje radialnega pospeška v času vsaj 0,015 ure zaradi izločevanja kovine oz. dezintegracije;maintaining radial acceleration for at least 0,015 hours due to the metal or disintegration;

zmanjšanje radialnega pospeška na vrednost 0 v času, kije daljši od 0,03 ure; izlivanje kovinske faze iz metalurške posode;Reduction of radial acceleration to 0 during a time exceeding 0.03 hours; pouring of a metal phase from a metallurgical vessel;

odstranjevanje nekovinske faze oz. nekovinskih faz iz metalurške posode.removal of non-metallic phase or non-metallic phases from metallurgical vessels.

Z izumom dosežene prednosti obstojijo v bistvu v tem, da se lahko le v eni metalurški posodi z drug na drugega uglašenimi postopkovnimi koraki na preprost in gospodaren način doseže visoka stopnja izločevanja kovine iz disperznih mešanic lahke kovine in nekovinskih faz. Pri tem pride z vstavljanjem, nastavljanjem na željeno temperaturo, vzpostavitvijo visoke tekočnosti in enakomernim porazdeljevanjem okoli rotacijske osi do ustrezne priprave disperzne mešanice v posodi, da se za tem lahko doseže visoka stopnja izločanja kovine, ker se s tem v vložku oz. v mešanici vzpostavijo dobri pogoji za dezintegracijo. V nadaljnjih korakih, pri čemer se vsakokratno v predhodnih korakih stvorijo potrebni predpogoji za visoko učinkovitost postopka, je pomembna uporaba določenega cikla radialnega pospeševanja za v bistvu popolno izločevanje kovine iz disperzne mešanice. Pri tem je posebno pomembno, da se nadzoruje vzpostavitev in predvsem odprava radialnega pospeševanja, s čimer se na presenetljiv način doseže, da se prepreči ponovno zmešanje kovine v področju nekovinskih faz in se lahko končno iztoči kovinska faza sama. V ta namen se lahko na preprost način nekovinski del zadržuje z neko vrsto odvodnika ali sifonom, nakar se po izvršenem izlivanju kovine lahko odstranijo nekovinske spojine ali izpraznijo. Je pa tudi možno, če npr. zaradi nepravilne nastavitve parametrov pri postopkovnih korakih, stopnja izločanja kovine v postopku ni bila zadovoljiva, da se vložek pusti v metalurški posodi, se v danem primeru doda nadaljnji vložek in zatem ponovno pusti steči postopek izločevanja kovine z zaporedjem korakov po izumu, da se doseže največji odvzem tekoče kovine. Posebno prednostno je, če se izvedejo segrevanje kot tudi homogeniziranje in nastavitev tekočnosti disperzne mešanice z radialnim pospeševanjem le-te z največ 0,39 g oz. z vrtenjem metalurške posode pri nagibu osi glede na navpičnico za 85 do 45 kotnih stopinj oz. prednostno 45 do 20 kotnih stopinj, ker se s tem posebno dobro vzpostavijo pogoji homogeniziranja.The advantages achieved by the invention are in fact that in one metallurgical vessel, one can proceed in a simple and economical manner in a simple and economical manner in a simple and economical manner to achieve a high degree of separation of metal from light metal and non-metallic phase dispersions. In this way, by inserting, adjusting to the desired temperature, establishing a high fluid flow and distributing it uniformly around the rotary axis, the proper preparation of the dispersion mixture in the vessel is obtained, in order to achieve a high rate of metal excretion. they create good conditions for disintegration in the mixture. In the further steps, creating the necessary preconditions for the high efficiency of the process in each of the preceding steps, it is important to use a specific radial acceleration cycle for essentially eliminating the metal from the dispersion mixture. It is of particular importance to monitor the establishment and, in particular, the elimination of radial acceleration, in a surprising way to prevent the metal from being mixed again in the non-metallic phase region, and finally to allow the metal phase to flow out by itself. For this purpose, the non-metallic part can be simply retained with a type of arrester or siphon, after which non-metallic compounds can be removed or emptied after the metal has been poured. It is also possible if, for example, due to incorrect setting of parameters in the process steps, the rate of metal elimination in the process was not satisfactory to leave the cartridge in the metallurgical vessel, add a further cartridge in the given case and then re-start the metal extraction process with the sequence of steps according to the invention to achieve the maximum removal of liquid metal. It is particularly advantageous to carry out the heating as well as to homogenize and adjust the fluid of the dispersion mixture by radially accelerating it with a maximum of 0.39 g or. by rotating the metallurgical vessel at an inclination of the axis with respect to the vertical by 85 to 45 angular degrees or. preferably 45 to 20 angular degrees, since this creates a particularly good homogenization condition.

Čeprav pri navpičnem vrtenju metalurške posode ni bilo uporabljeno z zemeljsko privlačnostjo povzročeno in izločevanje kovine pospešujoče, prekrivajoče se stresalno delovanje vložka je bilo za strokovnjaka povsem presenetljivo ugotovljeno, da je postopek posebno ugodno v pogledu učinka in lahko izvedljiv, če je disperzna mešanica podvržena radialnemu pospešku, ki izločuje kovino, v bistvu v smeri pravokotno na zemeljski pospešek. Pri tem je pomembno, da se po izločevanju kovine pri v bistvu navpični legi osi metalurške posode dovede radialni pospešek na vrednost 0, da se prepreči podefekt ponovnega mešanja faz. Nadalje je lahko prednostno, če se na preprost način najprej izlije kovinska faza skozi odprtino za vlaganje v metalurški posodi s pomočjo zvračanja le-te. Končno se lahko v nadaljnjem kot ugodno za visok izplen kovine izkaže, če se, kot je bilo predhodno navedeno, po izlivanju kovinske faze v metalurški posodi preostali del ne odstrani, temveč se podvrže nadaljnjemu radialnemu pospešku.Although the vertical attraction of the metallurgical vessel was not used with earth-induced and accelerating metal extraction, the overlapping shaking action of the insert was surprisingly found by the expert to be particularly advantageous in effect and easily practicable if the dispersion mixture was subjected to radial acceleration. , which secretes the metal, essentially in a direction perpendicular to the earth's acceleration. It is important to bring radial acceleration to 0 at the substantially vertical position of the axis of the metallurgical vessel after the metal has been extracted to prevent the sub-effect of phase re-mixing. Further, it may be advantageous if the metal phase is first poured through the inlet opening in the metallurgical vessel by means of a rotation of the metal phase. Finally, it may further prove advantageous for high metal recovery if, as previously stated, the residual part is not removed but subjected to further radial acceleration after the metal phase has been poured into the metallurgical vessel.

Nadaljnja naloga izuma je s pripravo uvodoma navedene vrste rešena s tem, da je v bistvu rotacijsko simetrično izoblikovana metalurška posoda povezana s pripravo za zvračanje, ki ima dve ali več kot dve delovni legi z vsakokratno različno smerjo osi oz. nagibom osi in s celotnim zvračalnim kotom posode vsaj 106 kotnih stopinj, in se lahko vrteče okoli osi poganja z dvema ali več kot dvema hitrostima.A further object of the invention is solved by the preparation of the aforementioned type by the fact that a substantially rotationally symmetrically formed metallurgical vessel is connected to a reversing device having two or more than two operating positions with each axis or direction in each direction. the inclination of the axle and the full rotation angle of the container at least 106 angular degrees, and can be rotated about two or more speeds about the axle.

Tako izvedena priprava se ne le lahko izvede v kompaktni izvedbi temveč je tudi tehnično uporabno zelo fleksibilna in učinkovita.The preparation thus performed can not only be carried out in a compact design but is also technically very flexible and efficient.

Tako ohlajena disperzna mešanica kot tudi neposredno nabirajoča se žlindra se lahko obdelata v posodi z visoko stopnjo izločanja kovine, če se notranji prostor metalurške peči in/ali notri nahajajoča se disperzna mešanica lahko segrevata in če je posoda izvedena ognjevzdržno.Both the cooled dispersion mixture and the directly accumulating slag can be treated in a high metal recovery vessel if the interior space of the metallurgical furnace and / or the dispersive mixture located inside can be heated and the container is refractory.

Če ima nadalje metalurška posoda v področju zvračanja vsaj eno delovno lego za obračalno mešanje vložka s kotom β vrtilne osi v področju od 85 do 45 kotnih osi glede na navpičnico in v bistvu navpično delovno lego za vzpostavljanje dezintegrirajočega radialnega pospeševanja, sta možna tako prednostno obračanje za doseganje hitrega dviga temperature oz. hitre nastavitve temperature kot tudi učinkovito homogeniziranje in nastavitev visoke tekočnosti vložka in so zagotovljene predpostavke za enakomerno porazdeljevanje mešanice in učinkovito dezintegracijo le-te. Pri tem predstavlja posebno prednost, če se metalurška posoda lahko poganja v vsaj eni delovni legi, ki je predvidena za obračalno mešanje vložka, z vrtilno hitrostjo Nj (v 1/s), ki je manjša od izračunane vrednosti po formuliFurthermore, if the metallurgical container in the turning area has at least one working position for rotating the insert with the angle β of the rotary axis in the range of 85 to 45 angular axes relative to the vertical and essentially the vertical working position for establishing disintegrating radial acceleration, then such a preferred rotation is possible. achieving a rapid rise in temperature or. rapid temperature adjustments as well as efficient homogenization and adjustment of the high fluid flow of the cartridge, and assumptions are made for even distribution of the mixture and its effective disintegration. This is particularly advantageous if the metallurgical vessel can be driven in at least one working position intended for the inverse mixing of the cartridge at a rotational speed Nj (in 1 / s) of less than the calculated value by the formula

Ν_χ = Υ (2/Α)^1/2, pri čemer je Υ mešalna konstanta v vrednosti 12,12 in je vrednost A notranji premer posode v metrih in če se v nadaljnji izvedbeni obliki izuma metalurška posoda poganja v bistvu navpični delovni legi z vrtilno hitrostjo N₂ (v 1/s), ki je večja kot izračunana vrednost po formuliΧ _χ = Υ (2 / Α) ^1/2 , where Υ is a mixing constant of 12.12 and value A is the inside diameter of the container in meters and if, in a further embodiment of the invention, the metallurgical vessel is driven essentially by a vertical working position with a rotational speed of N ₂ (in 1 / s) greater than the calculated formula

N₂ = X (2/A)^1/2, pri čemer je X separacijska konstanta v vrednosti 28,55 in je vrednost A notranji premer posode v metrih. Ne le potek postopka ampak tudi stopnja učinkovitosti izločanja kovine se lahko s tem bistveno izboljšata.N ₂ = X (2 / A) ^1/2 , where X is a separation constant of 28.55 and A is the inside diameter of the container in meters. Not only the course of the process, but also the degree of metal recovery efficiency can be significantly improved.

Končno je lahko za učinkovito ločevanje faz prednost, če se vsaj za izlivanje kovinske faze iz metalurške posode lahko njena vsipna odprtina delno zapre s pokrovnim sredstvom.Finally, effective separation of the phases may be advantageous if, at least for pouring the metal phase from the metallurgical vessel, its fill opening can be partially closed by a cover means.

V nadaljnjem je izum podrobneje pojasnjen na osnovi risb, ki predstavljajo le en izvedbeni primer. Pri tem prikazujejo sl. 1 na shematičen način pogled s strani na pripravo po izumu, sl. 2 in 3 stranski pogled in pogled od spredaj na pripravo okolje varovalne kabine.In the following, the invention is further explained on the basis of the drawings, which represent only one embodiment. In this, FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the preparation according to the invention; 2 and 3 side view and front view of the preparation environment of the safety booth.

Na sl. 1 je predstavljena metalurška posoda 2 v delovnem položaju B, pri čemer sta nakazani dve nadaljnji delovni legi, in sicer lega A z navpično usmerjeno osjo 21 z vsipno odprtino 24 obrnjeno navzgor in poševna lega C, pri kateri je vsipna odprtina 24 z lego osi, ki je za kot a zasukana glede na navpičnico, obrnjena navzdol. Postopek po izumu lahko v zaporedju poteka takole, da se v danem primeru v položaju B posoda 2 predgreje z gorilnikom 5, pri čemer je izvedljiva nastavitev le-tega nad vstopno odprtino 24 posode. Po željenem predgrevanju zidu 22 pride do odstranitve grelne priprave 5 od vsipne odprtine 24 in zvračanja oz. obračanja posode 2 - je povezana s pripravo 3 za zvračanje - v položaj A osi 21, ki je v bistvu navpičen, in v katerem se v danem primeru žlindra ali podobno npr. preko lijaka 71 skozi vsipno odprtino 24 dovede v posodo 2. Po vnosu vložka pride do zvračanja posode 2 v osno lego B in nadalje vrtenje le-te okoli osi 21, ki se doseže s sredstvom 23 za sukanje, npr. z nastavljivim pogonskim motorjem. To vrtilno gibanje posode 2 v osnem položaju B, ki služi homogeniziranju in doseganju visoke tekočnosti disperzne mešanice in med katerim lahko pride do segrevanja z gorilnikom 5 ali hlajenja s hladnim vnašanjem sveže žlindre, se izvaja radialno pospeševanje vložka pri 0,39 g. Temu sledeče nagibanje posode 2 v delovno lego A, kije v bistvu navpična se lahko pri majhnem radialnem pospešku izvede, ker se s tem podpira enakomerno porazdeljevanje fluidiziranega vložka okoli rotacijske osi 21. V navpični legi A osi se izvede zvišanje vrtilne hitrosti in s tem vzpostavitev radialnega pospeševanja mešanice na vrednost, kije večja od 1 g. Ta visok radialni pospešek, ki se lahko pulzirajoče do 26 % spreminja, se vzdržuje vsaj 0,015 ure, da se doseže v bistvu popolna dezintegracija faz oz. izločevanje kovine iz vložka, nakar se izvede zniževanje vrtilne hitrosti do mirovanja v časovnem obdobju, ki je daljše od 0,03 ure. Večje hitrosti zaviranja vrteče se posode 2 pretežno povzročajo ponovno zmešanje dezintegriranih faz. Pri mirovanju posode 2 se le-ta zvrne s svojo vsipno odprtino 24 navzdol, npr. v smer C osi, nekovinske faze se zadržijo v posodi in tekoča kovina se izlije v ponev 6’. Nato se lahko pripelje ponvasti voziček in nekovinske faze oz. faze, iz katerih je bila odstranjena kovina, se po odstranitvi ostankov odvedejo v nadaljnjo ponev 6.In FIG. 1 shows a metallurgical vessel 2 in working position B, two further working positions are indicated, namely position A with a vertically oriented axis 21 with a tapping opening 24 facing up, and an oblique position C having a tapping opening 24 with a position of the axis, which is angled a with respect to the vertical, facing down. The process according to the invention can be sequentially carried out such that, in the case in position B, the container 2 is preheated with a burner 5, where it is feasible to adjust it above the inlet opening 24 of the container. The desired preheating of the wall 22 results in removal of the heating device 5 from the filling opening 24 and turning or respectively. turning the container 2 - is connected to the turning device 3 - to position A of the axis 21, which is substantially vertical, and in which, in a given case, slag or the like, e.g. through the hopper 71 through the filling opening 24, it is fed into the container 2. After insertion of the cartridge, the container 2 is rotated to axial position B and further rotation thereof about the axis 21, which is achieved by a means 23 for turning, e.g. with adjustable drive motor. This rotational motion of the container 2 in axial position B, which serves to homogenize and achieve the high liquidity of the dispersion mixture and during which heating with the burner 5 or cooling with the cold introduction of fresh slag can be achieved, radially accelerates the cartridge at 0.39 g. The subsequent tilting of the container 2 into position A, which is substantially vertical, can be carried out at low radial acceleration, since this supports a uniform distribution of the fluidized insert around the rotary axis 21. In the vertical position A of the axis, the rotational speed is increased and thus radially accelerating the mixture to a value greater than 1 g. This high radial acceleration, which can be pulsating up to 26%, is maintained for at least 0.015 hours to achieve essentially complete phase or phase disintegration. the removal of the metal from the cartridge, after which the rotational speed is reduced to a standstill for a period longer than 0.03 hours. Higher braking speeds of the rotating container 2 mainly cause re-mixing of the disintegrated phases. When stationary 2 is stationary, it is rotated with its filling opening 24 down, e.g. in the C axis direction, the non-metallic phases are retained in the vessel and the liquid metal is poured into the pan 6 '. Then the trolley and the non-metallic phases can be brought. the phases from which the metal has been removed are taken to a further pan after removal of the residues 6.

Sl. 2 in 3 prikazujeta stranski pogled oz. pogled od spredaj na pripravo s šaržirno oz. vnašalno pripravo 7. Disperzna mešanica se iz dovajalne posode 7 preko dovodnega sredstva 71 vnaša v vsipno odprtino 24 posode 2, ki je izvedena iz ognjevzdržnega materiala 22. Da se prepreči obremenjevanje okolja, je naprava izvedena v zaščitnem okrovu 9 s plinskim izvodom 91.FIG. 2 and 3 show a side view respectively. front view of batch preparation. 7. The dispersion mixture is introduced from the delivery vessel 7 through the delivery means 71 into the filling opening 24 of the container 2, which is made of refractory material 22. In order to prevent environmental pollution, the device is made in a protective housing 9 with a gas outlet 91.

Za dr. Bernd Kos:For dr. Bernd Kos:

Claims (13)

PATENTNI ZAHTEVKIPATENT APPLICATIONS 1. Postopek za pridobivanje kovinske faze iz disperzne mešanice, ki obstoji iz vsaj ene lahke kovine, predvsem aluminija, ali iz zlitine iz te kovine oz. teh kovin in iz vsaj ene nekovinske faze, ki ju tvorijo vsaj oksid ali oksidna spojina in/ali druge spojine te kovine ali teh kovin, v danem primeru iz ene ali več nadaljnjih snovi, npr. soli ali mešanic soli in podobnega, pri visokih temperaturah, predvsem iz žlinder, ki se nabirajo pri postopku za izdelovanje, predelavo kot tudi ponovnem pridobivanju aluminija in aluminijevih zlitin, ob uporabi pospeševalnih sil, označen z naslednjim zaporedjem korakov:A process for recovering a metal phase from a dispersion mixture consisting of at least one light metal, in particular aluminum, or an alloy of that metal or metal. these metals and from at least one non-metallic phase formed by at least an oxide or an oxide compound and / or other compounds of this metal or these metals, optionally from one or more further substances, e.g. salts or mixtures of salts and the like, at high temperatures, in particular from slag, which are collected in the process of manufacture, processing and recovery of aluminum and aluminum alloys, using accelerating forces, characterized by the following sequence of steps: vstavljanje disperzne mešanice v metalurško posodo;inserting the dispersion mixture into a metallurgical container; segrevanje in/ali naravnavanje vložka na temperaturo od 20 do 250°C nad liquidus temperaturo kovinske faze;heating and / or adjusting the cartridge to a temperature of from 20 to 250 ° C above the liquidus temperature of the metal phase; homogeniziranje in dosezanje visoke tekočnosti vložka z obračalnim mešanjem; enakomerno porazdeljevanje tekoče pripravljene disperzne mešanice okoli rotacijske osi metalurške posode;homogenizing and achieving high fluid flow by inverse mixing; evenly distributing the liquid prepared dispersion mixture around the rotation axis of the metallurgical vessel; vzpostavitev radialnega pospeška mešanice z vsaj 1 g;establishment of radial acceleration of the mixture with at least 1 g; vzdrževanje radialnega pospeška v času vsaj 0,015 ure zaradi izločevanja kovine oz. dezintegracije;maintaining radial acceleration for at least 0,015 hours due to the metal or disintegration; zmanjšanje radialnega pospeška na vrednost 0 v času, kije daljši od 0,03 ure; izlivanje kovinske faze iz metalurške posode;Reduction of radial acceleration to 0 during a time exceeding 0.03 hours; pouring of a metal phase from a metallurgical vessel; odstranjevanje nekovinske faze oz. nekovinskih faz iz metalurške posode.removal of non-metallic phase or non-metallic phases from metallurgical vessels. 2. Postopek po zahtevku 1, označen s tem, da segrevanje kot tudi homogeniziranje in vzpostavljanje tekočnosti disperzne mešanice izvede z radialnim pospeševanjem le-te z največ 0,39 g pri oz. z vrtenjem metalurške posode pri nagibu vrtilne osi glede na navpičnico za 85 do 45⁰ prednostno 45 do 20 °.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating as well as the homogenization and fluidization of the dispersion mixture is carried out by radially accelerating it with a maximum of 0.39 g at or. by rotating the metallurgical vessel at an inclination of the rotary axis relative to the vertical by 85 to 45 ^0, preferably 45 to 20 °. 3. Postopek po zahtevku 1 ali 2, označen s tem, da je disperzna mešanica podvržena radialnemu pospeševanju, ki izločuje kovino, v bistvu v smeri pravokotno na zemeljski pospešek.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dispersion mixture is subjected to radial acceleration, which removes the metal, substantially in a direction perpendicular to the earth acceleration. 4. Postopek po enem izmed zahtevkov 1 do 3, označen s tem, da se pri legi osi metalurške posode, ki je v bistvu navpična, dovede radialni pospešek na vrednost 0.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the radial acceleration is set to 0 at the axis position of the metallurgical vessel, which is substantially vertical. 5. Postopek po enem izmed zahtevkov 1 do 4, označen s tem, da se kovinska faza skozi vsipno odprtino metalurške posode z zvračanjem le-te iztoči.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the metal phase is drained through the inlet opening of the metallurgical vessel by turning it. 6. Postopek po enem izmed zahtevkov 1 do 5, označen s tem, da se po iztočitvi kovinske faze v metalurški posodi preostali del odstrani ali se podvrže nadaljnjemu radialnemu pospešku.Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, after the metal phase has leaked out in the metallurgical vessel, the remaining part is removed or subjected to further radial acceleration. 7. Priprava (1) za pridobivanje kovinske faze iz disperzne mešanice, ki obstoji iz vsaj ene lahke kovine, predvsem aluminija, ali iz zlitine iz te kovine ali teh kovin in iz vsaj ene nekovinske faze, ki je stvorjena iz vsaj enega oksida ali oksidne spojine in/ali drugih spojin s to kovino ali s temi kovinami, v danem primeru iz ene ali več nadaljnjih snovi, npr. soli ali solnih mešanic in podobnega pri visokih temperaturah, predvsem iz žlinder, ki se nabirajo pri postopkih za izdelovanje, obdelavo kot tudi ponovno pridobivanje aluminija in aluminijevih zlitin, izvedena v bistvu iz metalurške posode, ki se lahko suče in zvrača, predvsem za izvedbo postopka po enem izmed predhodnih zahtevkov, označena s tem, da je v bistvu rotacijsko simetrično izoblikovana metalurška posoda (2) povezana s pripravo (3) za zvračanje, ki ima dve ali več kot dve delovni legi (A, B, C) z vsakokratno različno smerjo osi oz. nagibov osi in s celotnim kotom (a) zvračanja posode vsaj 106 kotnih stopinj, prednostno 121 kotnih stopinj, in se lahko poganja z dvema ali več kot dvema hitrostima vrtljivo okoli osi (21).7. Apparatus (1) for producing a metallic phase from a dispersion mixture consisting of at least one light metal, in particular aluminum, or an alloy of that metal or metals, and of at least one non-metallic phase formed from at least one oxide or oxide compounds and / or other compounds with this metal or with these metals, optionally from one or more further substances, e.g. salts or salt mixtures and the like at high temperatures, in particular from slag obtained from processes for the production, treatment and recovery of aluminum and aluminum alloys, essentially made of a metallurgical container which can be twisted and turned, in particular for carrying out the process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a substantially rotationally symmetrically formed metallurgical vessel (2) is connected to a reversing device (3) having two or more than two working positions (A, B, C) with differently the direction of the axis or. of the axes of inclination and with a total angle (a) of rotation of the container at least 106 angular degrees, preferably 121 angular degrees, and can be driven at two or more than two speeds rotating about the axis (21). 8. Priprava po zahtevku 7, označena s tem, da se notranji prostor metalurške posode (2) in/ali notri nahajajoča se disperzna mešanica lahko ogrevata s pomočjo prednostno nastavljive grelne priprave (5).Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner space of the metallurgical vessel (2) and / or the dispersion mixture contained therein can be heated by means of a preferably adjustable heating device (5). 9. Priprava po zahtevku 7 ali 8, označena s tem, da je metalurška posoda (2) ognjevzdržno obdana.Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the metallurgical container (2) is refractory. 10. Priprava po enem izmed zahtevkov 7 do 9, označena s tem, da ima metalurška posoda (2) v področju (a) zvračanja vsaj eno delovno lego za obračalno mešanje vložka s kotom (/3) vrtilne osi (21) v področju od 85 do 45 kotnih stopinj glede na navpičnico in ima v bistvu navpično delovno lego za vzpostavljanje dezintegrirajočega radialnega pospeška.Device according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the metallurgical vessel (2) has at least one working position in the turning area (a) for rotating the insert with the angle (/ 3) of the rotary axis (21) in the region from 85 to 45 degree angles relative to the vertical and has a substantially vertical working position to establish disintegrating radial acceleration. 11. Priprava po enem izmed zahtevkov 7 do 10, označena s tem, da se metalurška posoda (2) lahko poganja vsaj v eni za obračalno mešanje vložka predvideni delovni legi z vrtilno hitrostjo N₃ obratov v sekundi, kije manjša od vrednosti, izračunana po formuliApparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the metallurgical vessel (2) can be driven at least in one of the pivotally stirring inserts at the intended operating position at a rotational speed of N ₃ revolutions per second, which is less than the value calculated by formula Nj = Y (2/A)^lzz, pri čemer je Y mešalna konstanta z vrednostjo 12,12 in je vrednost A notranji premer posode, izražen v metrih.Nj = Y (2 / A) ^lzz , where Y is a mixing constant of 12.12 and A is the inside diameter of the container, expressed in meters. 12. Priprava po enem izmed zahtevkov 7 do 11, označena s tem, da se metalurška posoda (2) lahko poganja v delovni legi, ki je v bistvu navpična, s pogonom (23) z vrtilno hitrostjo (N₂), kije večja kot vrednost, kije izračunana po formuliDevice according to one of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the metallurgical vessel (2) can be driven in a substantially vertical working position with a drive (23) having a rotational speed (N ₂ ) exceeding the value calculated by the formula N₂ = X(2/A)^1/2, pri Čemer je X separacijska konstanta v vrednosti 28,55 in je A notranji premer posode, izražen v metrih.N ₂ = X (2 / A) ^1/2 , where X is a separation constant of 28.55 and A is the inside diameter of the container, expressed in meters. 13. Priprava po enem izmed zahtevkov 7 do 12, označena s tem, da se za izlivanje kovinskih faz iz metalurške posode (2) njena vsipna odprtina (24) lahko vsaj delno zapre s pokrovnim sredstvom (4).Apparatus according to one of Claims 7 to 12, characterized in that for pouring the metal phases from the metallurgical vessel (2), its inlet opening (24) can be closed at least partially by a cover means (4).