SI8210698A8 - Multilayered chimney - Google Patents
Multilayered chimney Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SI8210698A8 SI8210698A8 SI8210698A SI8210698A SI8210698A8 SI 8210698 A8 SI8210698 A8 SI 8210698A8 SI 8210698 A SI8210698 A SI 8210698A SI 8210698 A SI8210698 A SI 8210698A SI 8210698 A8 SI8210698 A8 SI 8210698A8
- Authority
- SI
- Slovenia
- Prior art keywords
- chimney
- sheath
- thermal insulation
- ventilation
- insulation layer
- Prior art date
Links
Landscapes
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
Description
VIŠESLOJNI DIMNJAKMULTIPLE CHIMNEY
Oblast tehnike u ko,ju spada pronalazakThe field of technology is in the invention
Predmet pronalaska spada u oblast proizvodnje višeslojnih dimnjaka,sa najmanje jednom okruglom unutrašnjom cevi za vodjenje dimnih gasova, zatim slojem toplotne izolacije u obliku cilindrične obloge koja obuhvata unutrašnju cev, i omotača sa pravougaonim spoljnim obimom, koji je spolja podupire.The subject matter of the invention is in the field of production of multi-layer chimneys, with at least one round internal flue gas pipe, then a layer of thermal insulation in the form of a cylindrical liner comprising the inner tube, and a sheath with a rectangular outer circumference supporting it externally.
Tehnički problemTechnical problem
Tehniški problem koji treba da se reši pronalaskonr, sastoji se u sledečem: kako da se ostvari višeslojni dimnjak opisane vrste, kojim bi se sa velikom sigurnošču i dugoročno izbegle pojave provlaživanja i prokljucavanja?The technical problem to be solved by the invention is the following: how to create a multilayered chimney of the described type, which would avoid the occurrence of wilting and leakage with great certainty and long-term?
Stanje tehnikeThe state of the art
Zbog različitih fizičkih osobina pojedinih slojeva dimnjaka, odn·, prediabrikovanih elemenata od kojih se grade dimnjaci, može doči unutar dimnjaka do toga, da se ne dostigne potrebna vrednost tačke rošenja, što ima za posledicu pojave provlaživanja i prokL jučavanja, a s tim u vezi i smanjivanje dejstva toplotne izolacije. Ove štetne pojave mogu biti još i poja-2čane agresivnim sastojcima dimnih gasova koje sa sobom no-, se vodena para, a naročito SO2 i SO^ i razni ugL jenovodonici. Kod kondenzacije dolazi pri torne, na primer, do taloženja sumporaste ili sumporne kiseline.Due to the different physical properties of individual layers of chimneys, or pre-selected elements of which chimneys are built, it may occur within the chimneys that the required dew point value does not reach, resulting in the occurrence of wilting and shedding, and thus reducing the effect of thermal insulation. These harmful phenomena can also be exacerbated by the aggressive constituents of the flue gases that bring with them water vapor, and in particular SO2 and SO ^ and various carbon dioxide. Condensation causes, for example, precipitation of sulfuric or sulfuric acid.
Kod pomenute poznate vrste dimnjaka suprotstavlja se ovakvim nedostacima pomocu izolacionog sloja za difuziju pare, koji treba da spreči, da vlaga i poneseni agresivni sastojci, na primer kiseline i proizvodi tera, stignu u radijalno izvan izolacionog sloja za difuziju pare postavljene elemente dimnjaka, več da se po mogučstvu zadržavaju u radijalno unutarnjoj zoni jezgra dimnjaka, gde još nije došlo do podbacivanja tačke rosenja. Mere koje su za ovo potrebne veoma su skupe u pogledu materijalnih i konstrukcionih troškova, a mnogi materijali za zaštitu su podložni starenju, pa je čak i zaptivanje fuga problematično.In the known type of chimney, it counteracts such disadvantages by means of an insulating vapor diffusion layer, which should prevent the moisture and the aggressive constituents, for example acids and tera products, from reaching the chimney elements placed radially outside the vapor diffusion layer, but that preferably remain in the radially inner zone of the chimney core, where the dew point has not yet fallen. The measures required for this are very expensive in terms of material and construction costs, and many protective materials are susceptible to aging, and even joint sealing is problematic.
Kod dimnjaka ove vrste poznato je izvodjenje sa omotačem koji ima kvadratni spoljni obim, a cilindričan unutrašnji obim. Može se preuzeti, na primer, ova ili slična konfiguracija omotača bez potrebe za dodatnim prostorom, pošto u podrucju ugLova omotača ima dovoljno prostora za kanale za strujanje, koji je pomoču otvorenih prodora ili barem difuziono priključen na od omotača obuhvačeni unutrašnji prostor dimnjaka. Ušteda na dodatnom prostoru znači pored toga,nepr omenjene unutrašnje i spoljne mere, a time i otpadanje potrebe za dodatnim prostorom kod usKLadištavavarja, transporta i postavljanja. Pri torne je i potreba u materijalu minimalna. Uprkos toga mogu se postiči, bez da ide na uštrb minimalne debljine zida, kanali za strujanje sa velikim površinama, ovi mogu da prihvate velike količine gasa za provetravanje i ukazuju tako i na veliku moč prihvatanja vlage i agresivnih sastojaka dimnih gasova. Opasnost od zapušavanja u montaži kroz upadanje malteraili sl. je neznatna. Ako je poželjno, mogu se postici velikeChimneys of this type are known to be provided with a sheath having a square outer circumference and a cylindrical inner circumference. For example, this or similar sheath configuration can be assumed without the need for additional space, since there is sufficient space in the area of the sheath corners for the flow channels, which is covered by the open chimney or at least diffusively connected to the inside of the chimney. Saving extra space means, in addition, the internal and external measures not mentioned, and thus eliminating the need for additional space when storing, transporting and installing. The need for material is minimal. Nevertheless, large ducting ducts can be achieved without compromising the minimum thickness of the wall, these can accept large amounts of ventilation gas and indicate a high power of absorption of moisture and aggressive flue gas constituents. Risk of clogging in the assembly through the intrusion of the mortar or fig. is insignificant. If desired, big ones can be achieved
-3brzine gasa za provetravanje. Veliki poprečni svetli pre-, sek pmža pri torne manji otpor strujanju nego mnogi kanali sa uvek malim svetlim presecima. Pored toga je i oslanjanje toplotno izolacionog sloja u največoj meri minimalno oslabljeno, a u slučaju nekog spajanje samo difuzionog karaktera kanala za strujanje u omotaču na unutrašnji prostor dimnjaka, čak uopšte nije oslabljeno. Ali čak i kod dugačko ispruženih i relativno širokih prodora može se zadržati veliki procenat, za osianjanje toplotno izolacionog sloja potrebne unutrašnje površine obima omotača, čak potpuno neoslabljen.-3 air velocities for ventilation. Large transverse light pre-, sec foci at friction lower flow resistance than many channels with always small light cross sections. In addition, the reliance of the thermal insulation layer is minimally weakened, and in the case of some, only the diffusion character of the flow channel in the sheath to the internal chimney space is not weakened at all. But even with long stretches and relatively wide penetrations, a large percentage of the inner surface of the envelope circumference required, even completely unclothed, can be retained to allow the thermal insulation layer to radiate.
Pokazalo se, da čak i onda kada kanali za strujanje su rasporedjeni iskLjučivo u području uglova omotača, da je moguce provetravanje čitavog obima dimnjaka. Alternativno je moguce da se predvidi ali, najmanje jedan spoj kanala za strujanje u pravcu obima omotača, ako se želi gas za provetravanje raspodeliti dalje po obimu dimnjaka; onda nije neophodno potrebno, čak torne ne treba ni težiti, da pojedinfcČni po obimu podeljeni putevi strujanja budu medjusobno odvojeni. Utoliko pre mogu ovi da budu sasvim kratkospojeni u pravcu obima, u manjoj ili vecoj meri, na primer zbog nekog izmedju susednih obloga poštojeceg radijalnog zazora. Izbor specijalnog načina spajanja kanala za strujanje, usmerava se celishodno prema razlicitim kriterijima. Kod nekog spajanja difuzionog karaktera je pored več pomenutog maksimalnog oslanjanja toplotnog izolacionog sloja, takodje i čvrstoča maksimalna. Slično, iako sa blagim ograničavanjem, vazi i za samo lokalne otvorene prodore.It turned out that even when the ducts were arranged solely in the area of the sheath corners, ventilation of the entire volume of the chimney was possible. Alternatively, it is possible to provide but at least one joint of the ducts in the direction of the circumference of the envelope, if the vent gas is to be distributed further along the circumference of the chimney; then it is not necessary, not even frictionless, to have separate flow paths separated by volume. In the long run, however, these may be quite short-circuited in magnitude, to a greater or lesser extent, for example because of some of the adjacent lining of a respectable radial clearance. The choice of the special method of connecting the duct for flow is guided in accordance with different criteria. In the case of some diffusion coupling, in addition to the aforementioned maximum reliance on the thermal insulation layer, the strength is also maximum. Similarly, though with slight restriction, it applies only to local open penetrations.
U oba slučaja moraju se kod oblikovanja kanala za strujanje ipak koristiti sopstvena jezgra za oblikovanje, što i komplikuje u izvesnoj meri oblikovanje. Takodje ne dostiže ni kvalitet spajanja kanala za strujanje na unutrašnji —4— prostor dimnjaka, kao ni dejstvujuči poprečni presek struganja uzduž kanala za strujanje, maksimalne moguce vrednosti'.In both cases, however, their own design cores must be used when designing the flow channels, which complicates the design to some extent. It also does not achieve the quality of connection of the flow ducts to the internal "4" chimney space, nor does the actual cross-section of the scraping along the flow ducts, the maximum possible values'.
Ove se mogu dostici uz samo lako odustajanje od čvrstoče i kvaliteta oslanjanja toplotno izolacionog sloja, kod ve rti kaj no prolaznih otvorenih prodora, - čiji poprečni presek može da se doda sopstvenom poprečnom preseku kanala za strujanje. Ovak vi kanali za provetravanje mogu se veoma jednostavno i uzgred oblikovati pomocu jednog jedinog jezgra za oblikovanje, koje ostvaruje ne samo svetli unutrašnji prostor omotača, več i prodore i kanale za strujanje u uglovima omotača.These can be achieved with only a slight departure from the strength and quality of the support of the thermal insulation layer, in the case of transversely open penetrations, - whose cross-section can be added to its own cross-section of the flow channel. These ventilation ducts can be very simply and incidentally shaped with a single molding core, which provides not only a bright inner sheath space but also penetrations and flow channels at the corners of the sheath.
Naročito ugrožen opterečenjem vlagom je toplotno izolacioni sloj, vec zbog kroz to posledično smanjivanje toplotne izolacije u pogledu dejstva. Kod nekog dimnjaka prema pronalasku može se ipak dozvoliti, da vlaga udje u toplotno izolacioni sloj, čak i da ovaj radijalno prodje, ako posle toga sledi unutar omotača neprekidno odvodjenje vlage , pa tako vlaga ne može da se u toplotno izolacionom sloju akumulira iznad neke podnošljive mere.Particularly endangered by moisture loading is the thermal insulation layer, but consequently the consequent reduction of thermal insulation in terms of action. In some chimneys according to the invention, moisture may still be allowed to enter the thermal insulation layer, even if the chimney passes, if it is subsequently followed by a continuous drainage of moisture, so that moisture cannot accumulate in the thermal insulation layer above any tolerable measures.
U stvari je več poznato iz patentnog spisa DE - OS 25 21 692, kod nekog slobodno postavljenog dimnjaka, da se za izbegavanje provlaživanja ili prokl jučavanja kanala za strujanje, predvidi spolja privedeni i napolje izvedeni gas za provetravanje, naime vazduh, ali su ipak kod ovog dimnjaka rasporedjeni kanali za strujanje izmedju toplotno izolacionog sloja i omotača.In fact, it is already known from the patent file DE - OS 25 21 692, for a freely placed chimney, to provide for the ventilation ducts to be penetrated or blocked, to allow air to be externally supplied and externally supplied, namely air, but still of this chimney are arranged channels for flow between the thermal insulation layer and the sheath.
Opis rešenja tehničkog problemaDescription of solution to a technical problem
Tehnički problem rešen je pronalaskom na taj način, što su unutar područja ugla omotača,odozdo na gore usmereni kanali za strujanje,za spolja privedeni i napolje izvedeni gas za provetravanje, koji su sa toplotno izolacionim slojem spojeni otvorenim prodorima u omotaČu, ili barem pomocu difuzije.The technical problem is solved by finding, in the area of the sheath angle, from below the upstream channels for the inwardly drawn and outwardly ventilated gas, which are connected to the thermal insulation layer by open penetrations in the sheath, or at least by diffusion .
5Kod dimnjaka prema pronalasku mogu nastupajuca vlažnost i sa ovom povučeni agresivni sastojci da budu svedeni dinamički na praktički bezopasnu meru,u područjima koja su ugrožena kroz podbacivanje tačke rošenja, s tim što sa nastupajuca vlaga u gasovitom ili tečnom agregatnom stanju, za jedno sa agresivnim sastojcima,odvodi nekim od dimnog gasa nezavisnim,. ali kroz dimnjak samovodjenim gasnim strujanjem, i to sa velikom sigurnošcu i za dugi vremenski period· Kao gas za provetravanje može da se na neobično jednostavan način koristi vazdub· Konstruktivne nije više potrebna izgradnja neke posebne obloge, naime sloja za izolaciju difuzije pare, štaviše nisu potrebni nikakvi naročiti gradjevinski elementi izuzev onih, koji kao osnovni materijal vec ionako se koriste kod izgradnje dimnjaka. Da bi se dobili putevi strujanja potrebno je samo da se omotaču da neka odredjena forma· Potreban utrcšak materijala i konstrukcije je pri torne veoma mali. Vertikalno prostiranje kanala za strujanje omogucuje, da se termiČki uzgon gasa za provetravanje koristi za njegovo transportovanje.5For chimneys according to the invention, the resulting humidity and with this the aggressive constituents withdrawn can be reduced dynamically to a practically harmless measure, in the areas threatened by undercutting of the dew point, with the occurring moisture in the gaseous or liquid state, for one with the aggressive constituents , drains some of the flue gas to independent,. but through a chimney with self-guided gas flow, with great certainty and for a long period of time · Ventilation gas can be used in an unusually simple way by air · Constructive no longer requires the construction of a special lining, namely a vapor diffusion insulation layer, moreover no special construction elements are required except for those already used as a base material in the construction of the chimney. In order to obtain flow paths, it is only necessary to wrap some particular form. · The required material and structure gap is very small. The vertical extension of the flow channel allows the thermal buoyancy of the ventilation gas to be used for its transportation.
••
Dimnjak prema pronalasku pruža mogučnosti, da se odgovarajucim dimenzioniranjem kanala za strujanje i njihove raspodele unutar omotača, a katkada i u graničnim područjima u dimnjaku, zatim odredjivanjem veličine ulaznih i izlaznih otvora gasa za provetravanje, i naposletku odredjivanjem nekih periferijskih uslova za gas za provetravanje, kao pritiska, temperature, a katkada i fizičkog i hemijskog sastava, postigne prilagodjavanje na veoma različite pogonske ušlove dimnjaka. Pri torne se može ovladati čak i takvim pogonskim stanjima, kod kojih vec unutar unutrašnje cevi dimnjaka dolazi do podbacivanja tačke rošenja.The chimney according to the invention enables, by appropriate sizing of the ducts and their distribution within the enclosure, and sometimes in the boundary areas in the chimney, then by determining the inlet and outlet openings of the vent gas, and finally by determining some peripheral conditions for the vent gas, such as pressure, temperature, and sometimes physical and chemical composition, achieves adaptation to very different operating conditions of the chimney. Even the operating conditions can be mastered by the trucks, where already within the chimney inner tube the dew point occurs.
Dovoljno je, ako se sa ciljem izmedju kanala za strujanje i prema toplotno izolacionom sloju okrenuta unutrašnja površina omotača,opremi zidnim područjem koje je prolazno za difuziju pare· Priključivanje kanala za strujanje na radi-6jalno unutrašnje podračje dimujaka biče pojačano, ako su pred vidjeni otvoreni prodori radijalno prema unutra, koji polaze od kanala za strujanje.It is sufficient if the inner surface of the envelope faces the area between the ducts and the thermal insulation layer to be fitted with a wall area that is transient for diffusion of steam. · The ducting of the ducts to the radius of the interior of the chimney will be strengthened if open. penetrates radially inward, starting from the flow channel.
Što se tiče tehničkog oblikovanja najednostavnije se izvode prodori kao vertikalni prorezi, Najbolje spajanje na radijalno se nalazeci unutrašnji prostor dimnjaka, dobija se koriščenjem relativno širokih proreza. Ovi mogu da utiču na oslanjanje toplotno izolacionog sloja, tako da naročito kod samih po sebi ne veoma stabilnih toplotno izolacionih slojeva, treba pretpostaviti uže proreze. U slučaju potrebe mogu se vertikalni prorezi da povuku u putanju strujanja, mogu se čak i samo predvideti sa ograničenom visinom u intervalima, na pr·, pripadajuče odredjenim gotovim elementima sa kojima su spregnuti, i da se tako dobije veča stabilnost obima omotača. Kada postoji sumnja u pogledu nosivosti omotača, mogu se predvideti i horizontalni prorezi. Ovi se mogu dobiti tehničkim oblikovanjem na veoma jednostavan način·With regard to technical design, penetrations are most easily performed as vertical slits. The best connection to the radially located internal chimney space is obtained by using relatively wide slits. These can affect the support of the thermal insulation layer, so narrower slots should be assumed, especially in the case of not very stable thermal insulation layers themselves. If necessary, vertical slots can be drawn into the flow path, they can even be predicted with limited height at intervals, for example, belonging to certain finished elements with which they are coupled, and thus provide greater stability of the sheath volume. When there is doubt as to the carrying capacity of the sheath, horizontal slots may also be provided. These can be obtained by technical design in a very simple way ·
Nije potrebno da se putanje strujanja uvek samo podrede omotaču. Putanje strujanja mogu, na primer da budu istovremeno u više obloga i/ili graničnim površinama izmedju.paralelnih obloga· Naročito se može iskoristiti smena izmedju raznih obloga za to, da se u jednoj obloži predvide odredjena dužinska područja sa neznatnim otporom strujanja, i tako koriste.kao putevi za premoštavanje područja sa relativno visokim otporom strajanja,područja susednih oblogaV Mcgu se tako predvideti u omotaču slobodni, vertikalni poprečni preseči, koji su uvek po oblikovanom elementu sa čela zatvoreni, i postižu premoštavanje područja u omotaču ili pomoču poroznosti toplotno izolacionog sloja, kroz područja sa radijalnim zazorom ili kroz profilisanje obima odredjenog graničnog sloja· Prednost je prvo u večoj stabilnosti elementa obloge koji nije izveden sa vertikalno prolazečim kanalima. U slučaju omotača može se pri torne dobiti površi-7na za nanošenje maltera bez opasnosti da če malter upadati u kanale za provetravanje. Ako poroznost toplotno izolacionog sloja koristimo za spoj, možemo pri torne s jedne strane u ovim područjima prikL jučivanja toplotno izolacioni sloj da nalegnemo tesno na oinotač, pa i tamo da obrazujemo branu protiv upadanja maltera, a s druge strane da učinimo barem u interval ima korisnim takve materijale, odn. elemente toplotno izolacionog sloja za vodjenje gasa za provetravanje, čiji bi otpor strujanju bio inače prevelik, da bi se po čitavoj višini dimnjaka za putanju strujanja mogao koristiti sa dovoljno efikasnosti.It is not necessary that the flow path always always be subordinated to the envelope. Flow paths may, for example, be in multiple liners and / or boundary surfaces at the same time. Parallel linings · In particular, it may be advantageous to shift between different liners in order to provide certain length regions with a slight flow resistance in one liner and thus use .when bridges are used to bridge areas with relatively high shear resistance, adjacent sheathing areasV. Mcgu thus provides free, vertical cross sections, which are always closed in the molded element from the forehead, and achieve bridging of the sheath area or by assisting the porosity of the thermal insulation layer. through areas with radial clearance or through the profiling of the circumference of a given boundary layer · The advantage is first of all the greater stability of the lining element that is not made with vertically extending channels. In the case of sheaths, the surface may be coated with a plaster surface-7 without the risk of the mortar entering the air ducts. If the porosity of the thermal insulation layer is used for the joint, we can apply the heat insulation layer on the one hand in these areas of attachment tightly to the blade, even there to form a dam against the plaster intrusion and, on the other hand, to make at least an interval useful. materials, ie. elements of a heat-insulating layer for conducting aeration gas, the flow resistance of which would otherwise be too high to be used with sufficient efficiency over the entire height of the flow path chimney.
Uredjaj za regulaciju strujnih masa gasa za provetravanje omogučuje, da se kod promene pogonskih uslova postrojenja za grejanje može uvek nači neki optimalni kompromis izmedju maksimalnog odvodjenja vlage i minimalnog hladjenja dimnjaka. Ovaj uredaj za regulaciju može da se upravlja i automatski. Kao veličina podešavanja uzima se temperatura ili alternativno vlažnost izlazečeg gasa za provetravanje pri čemu se od slučaja do slučaja mogu i pomoču nekog pro grama da kombinuju obe meene veličine u jednu zajedničku veličinu za regulaciju· se/The ventilation current control allows the ventilation system to always find the optimum compromise between maximizing humidity and minimizing chimney cooling when changing the operating conditions of a heating plant. This control unit can also be operated automatically. The setting size is the temperature or alternative humidity of the outgoing ventilation gas whereby, on a case-by-case basis, it may also be possible, by the aid of a program, to combine both of these resized sizes into one common control size.
Za podešavanje mase strujanja služeči ventil, izvodi veoma jednostavno kao ventil sa kiapnom.For adjusting the flow mass, the valve is very simple to operate as a tap valve.
•Katkada nije termički uzgon dovoljan za transportovanje gasa za provetravanje. Onda je moguče da se primeni duvaljka za gas za provetravanje, koja se rasporedjuje na ulaz i/ili izlaz putanje strujanja. Najčešce se teži ka torne, da se transport gasa za provetravanje predvidi samo pomoču termičkog uzgona.• Sometimes thermal buoyancy is not sufficient to transport ventilation gas. It is then possible to apply a blower to the ventilation gas, which is distributed to the inlet and / or outlet of the flow path. The tendency is usually for the booms to be provided for the transport of ventilation gas only by thermal buoyancy.
Prvenstveno se koristi uredjaj za predgrevanje gasa za provetravanje. Ovo ne povečava samo termički uzgon, večPrimarily a ventilation gas preheater is used. This not only increases thermal buoyancy, but
-8takodje i mogučnost prihvatanja vlage gasa za provetrava-. nje. Dalje poštoji mogucnost da se opterečivanjem posebno unutrašnje cevi sa gasom za provetravanje, izbegnu nepoželjna hladjenja. Za predgrevanje može se na pogodan način,izmenom toplote,upotrebiti n dimnjak ulazeci dimni gas, prvenstveno jednim,sa priključnom cevi dimnjaka za otpadne gasove zajedno dejstvujučim izmenjivačem toplote.-8 also the possibility of accepting humidity of the gas for ventilation-. her. Furthermore, it is possible to avoid undesirable cooling by loading especially the inner tube with ventilation gas. For preheating, n chimney can be conveniently used by using a chimney entering the flue gas, preferably one, with the flue pipe connecting pipe to the flue gas together with a functioning heat exchanger.
U mnogim slučajevima pružaju se kanali strujanja,uglavnom preko čitave višine dimnjaka, ako treba da se računa unapred sa velikom vlagom u donjim područjima dimnjaka. Ovo važi naročito kod modernih grejnih kotlova sa niskom temperaturom otpadnih gasova. Mogu se, ali, kanali strujanja da pružaju samo preko jednog delimičnog područja dimnjaka, naročito samo preko jednog gornjeg područja dimnjaka, gde se udimnjaku hladeči dimni gas rastuče hladi. Ovo važi , na pr., onda, kada je dimnjak vodjen kroz hladni tavan.In many cases, ducts are provided, mainly over the entire height of the chimney, if it is to be accounted for in advance with high humidity in the lower chimney areas. This is especially true with modern low-temperature boilers. However, flow channels may only be provided over one partial area of the chimney, especially only over the upper area of the chimney, where the chimney-cooled flue gas is rising cold. This is true, for example, when the chimney is led through a cold ceiling.
U mnogim slučajevima biče ipak korisno, da se ostvare po odeijcima po višini dimnjaka različite zone provetravanja, na’pr·, da bi se vec sa vlagom optereceni gas provetravanja zamenio svežim vazduhom.In many cases, however, it may be advantageous for them to be stacked in the height of the chimneys of different ventilation zones, for example, · to replace already-moistened ventilation gas with fresh air.
Putanje prema.pronalasku za gas provetravanja mogu se takodje primeniti, ako se ne želi odustati od primene slojeva za izolaciju difuzije pare. Onda se mora i prihvatiti, da ovakvi slojevi za izolaciju difuzije pare mogu imati još izvesnu propusnost i da se odgovarajuca masovna strujanja za provetravanje,mogu birati i u manjoj meri.Ventilation gas paths can also be applied if the vapor diffusion isolation layers are not to be abandoned. It must then be accepted that such vapor diffusion isolation layers may still have some permeability and that the corresponding mass airflows for ventilation may be reduced to a lesser extent.
Kratkospajanje kanala za strujanje u pravcu obima, nije korisno samo zbog bolje raspodele gasa za provetravanje unutar dimnjaka,vec i zbog toga, da bi se mogli zaobici razni elementi koji sprečavaju prolaz gasa za provetravanje. Pored toga može se pri torne postiči veča sloboda montaže u odnosu na ispravljanje pod ugLom predfabrikovanih elemenata od kojih se gradi dimnjak. Takodje se stvara mo-9gucnost da, ako unutrašnja izgradnja dimnjaka se suprotstavlja automatskoj raspodeli gasa za provetravanje, u ulaznom i izlaznom področju gasa za provetravanje se može izači na kraj i sa samo jednim jedinim mestom za prikLjučivanje· Ovakav ulaz može se uz prednosti da rasporedi u višini priključne cevi unutrašnje cevi dimnjaka, na ognjištu, a bez da bude vezan sa ovim višinskim položajem. Onda više nema obaveze, da se položaj na obimu ulaza i izlaza koordinira relativno jedan prema drugom, i moguče je zbog toga,da se u podnožju dimnjaka i na vipim področjima, recimo u završnoj gLavi,da se priključci rasporede u različitim pravcima po obimu. Može se, štaviše,izvesti i dijametralni raspored ulaza i izlaza onda, ako nema kratkospojnosti u pravcu obima, ali ako unutrašnja geometrija dimnjaka dozvoljava naposletku raspodelu gasa za provetravanje po čitavom poprečnom preseku dimnjaka, i da se koristi za to, da se putanja strojan j a sa jednog mesta na obimu vodi prinudno na drugo mesto na obimu, čak i na naročito povoljno dijagonalno naspramno ležeče mesto na obimu·Short-circuiting the flow ducts in the direction of volume is not only useful for better distribution of ventilation gas inside the chimney, but also to circumvent various elements that prevent the passage of ventilation gas. In addition, a greater freedom of assembly can be achieved than rectifying the angle of prefabricated elements from which the chimney is built. It also creates the power that, if the internal construction of the chimney opposes the automatic distribution of the ventilation gas, the inlet and outlet areas of the ventilation gas can be dealt with with only one connection point. · Such an inlet can advantageously be arranged at the height of the connecting pipe of the inner chimney pipe, at the hearth, without being tied to this height position. Then there is no longer any obligation to coordinate the position of the inlet and outlet volumes relative to one another, and it is possible, therefore, that the connections at the base of the chimney and the vip areas, for example in the end head, be arranged in different directions in circumference. Moreover, a diametrical arrangement of inlets and outlets can be performed then, if there is no short circuit in the direction of the circumference, but if the internal geometry of the chimney allows the distribution of ventilation gas to be distributed over the entire cross-section of the chimney, and used for this purpose, from one location on the circumference leads forcibly to another place on the circumference, even to a particularly advantageous diagonal opposite lying position on the circumference ·
Hi<jLrofobni materijal, naročito hidrofobirana mineralna vlakna, poznata su i mogu se dobiti u trgovini. Primena kod dimnjaka nije do sada bila umesna, pošto Čak i primena hidrofobiranih mineralnih vlakana nije mogla da spreči rastuce ovlažavanje izolacionog sloja, a time i drastično opadanje izolacije toplote. U okviru pronalaska se koriščenje hidrofobnih mineralnih vlakana čini optimalno korisnim, pošto se može sprečiti zapušavanje pora ili barem preveliko opterecivanje pora nekog toplotno izolacionog sloja, barem onda, kada je vec došlo do neke odredjene akumulacije vlage u top lotno izolacionom sloju,pa da se to u intervalima provetravanjem reducira na podnošljivu mero ili na nulu.Hi <jLrophobic material, especially hydrophobic mineral fibers, are known and commercially available. The use of chimneys has not been appropriate so far, since even the application of hydrophobic mineral fibers could not prevent the rising humidity of the insulation layer and thus the drastic drop in heat insulation. Within the invention, the use of hydrophobic mineral fibers appears to be optimally useful since it can prevent pore clogging or at least excessive pore loading of a thermal insulation layer, at least when there has already been some moisture accumulation in the heat-insulating layer, at ventilation intervals it reduces to a tolerable measure or to zero.
Ovome odgovara da provetravanje dimnjaka prema pronalasku, može u principu da bude izvedeno na dva načina. Jednim jeThis corresponds to the fact that ventilation of the chimney according to the invention can in principle be carried out in two ways. One is
-10moguče da se provetrava i u toku pogona dimnjaka i to kako. u intervalima, tako i kontinualno, pa tako odvodi vlažnost. Drugim načinom predvidja se provetravanje dimnjaka u pogonskim uslovima, da bi se izbeglo nepotrebno hladjenje samog dimnjaka ili utrošak energije u vezi sa predgrevanjem gasa za provetravanje, ili da se barem jako smanji.-10can be ventilated during chimney operation and how. at intervals as well as continuously, thus draining the humidity. Alternatively, ventilation of the chimney in operating conditions is envisaged to avoid unnecessary cooling of the chimney itself or the energy consumption associated with preheating the ventilation gas, or at least to reduce it substantially.
Od slučaja do slučaja moguče je i uredjaj za regulaciju gasa za provetravanje odgovarajuce upravijati,ručno ili automatski.On a case-by-case basis, it is also possible to operate the ventilation gas control unit properly, manually or automatically.
Pronalazak biče bliže objašnjen u nastavku, na osnovu nekoliko izvedenih primera, šematski nacrtanih.The invention will be explained in greater detail below, based on a few exemplary examples, schematically drawn.
Ovde prikazuju:Here they show:
Sl. 1 u delimično slomljenom prikazivanju, vertikalni i uzduž radijusa prolazeči presek kroz jedan primer izvod jen j a dimnjaka;FIG. 1 in a partially broken view, the vertical and longitudinal radius passing through an example of a chimney;
Sl. 2 polu-horizontalni presek u dva alternativna prikazovanja u oba kvadranta kroz neki dimnjak, čija su oba kvadranta odgovarajuča dimnjaku prema sl. 3 jFIG. 2 is a semi-horizontal cross-section in two alternative views in both quadrants through a chimney, both quadrants of which correspond to the chimney according to FIG. 3 j
Sl. 3 dva radijalna poluprikazivanja u preseku, dve ju raznih dimnjaka,u alternativnom izvodjenju uz sl.l;FIG. 3 two cross-sectional radial cross-sections, two different chimneys, alternatively shown in FIG.
Sl. 4 u uveličanoj razmeri radijalni i vertikalni presek kroz predfabrikovani element spoljnjeg omotača, sa izo lacionim slojem i unutrašnjom cevi za dimnjak prema desnom poluprikazivanju na Sl. 3»FIG. 4 is an enlarged radial and vertical section through a prefabricated outer shell element, with an insulating layer and an inner chimney pipe according to the right half-view in FIG. 3 »
Sl. 5 četvrtinu horizontalnog preseka kroz neki alternativni oblik dimnjaka.FIG. 5 quarter horizontal section through some alternative chimney shape.
Horizontalni preseči odnose se u istoj meri na čitave dimnjake kao i na predfabrikovane elemente dimnjaka. Takodje, ukoliko su dimnjaci prikazani u celosti ili u odsečcima u vertikalnom preseku, potrebno je sa tim presecimaHorizontal cross sections apply equally to entire chimneys as to prefabricated chimney elements. Also, if the chimneys are shown in whole or in sections in the vertical section, it is necessary with those sections
-11takodje da se opisu predfabrikovani elementi od kojih su dimnjači izgradjeni. Polazi se pri tom od toga, da su svi prikazani dimnjači izvedeni od vertikalno jedan na drugog postavljenih predfabrikovanih elemenatae Unutar nekog predfabrikovanog elementa može unutrašnja cev da ima više delova cevi.-11 also describe the prefabricated elements of which the chimneys are constructed. The starting point is that all the chimneys shown are made of vertically mounted pre-assembled elements e Inside a pre-assembled element, the inner pipe may have several pipe sections.
Svi prikazani i opisani dimnjači, odn., predfabrikovani elementi dimnjaka izvedeni su u tri sloja, i to od (barem) jedne unutrašnje cevi 2 koja vodi dimne gasove i ima okrugli, odn., cilindričen oblik, od jednog toplotno izolacionog sloja 4 koji obuhvata unutrašnju cev u obliku cilindrične obloge, i jednog omotača 6 koji ovu obuhvata, sa pravougaonim, katkada kvadratnim spoljnjim obimom, koji može da bude lako zaobljen na ugLovima. Osnovni materijal unutrašnje cevi je uglavnom šamot, osnovni materijal toplotno izolacionog sloja su najčešce mineralna vlakna,(uključivo vlakna od stakla), a osnovni materijal omotača je najčešce laki beton. Ovde dolaze za ovakve troslojne dimnjake u obzir svi prikladni osnovni materijali. Takodje su moguce i dalje modifikacije, kao dodatni kanali za vazduh i armiranje omotača, priključci na peč, itd. Značajno je ipak da svi ovi dimnjači treba da se sastoje od tri obloge, i da nisu potrebni nikakvi dalji materijali sem osnovnih materi jala za tri sloja-obloge.All chimneys shown and described, respectively, prefabricated chimney elements, are made in three layers, namely (at least one inner pipe 2 which conducts the flue gases and has a round or cylindrical shape, of a single thermal insulation layer 4 comprising an inner tube in the form of a cylindrical liner, and a single sheath 6 comprising this, with a rectangular, sometimes square outer circumference, which can be easily rounded at the corners. The base material of the inner tube is mainly clay, the base material of the thermal insulation layer is mostly mineral fibers (including glass fibers), and the base material of the sheath is usually lightweight concrete. All suitable base materials are considered here for these three-layer chimneys. Further modifications are also possible, such as additional ducts for air and sheath reinforcement, furnace connections, etc. It is significant, however, that all these chimneys should consist of three liners, and that no further materials other than the base materials are required for the three layers-liners.
Kod dimnjaka prema Sl. 1 je u području podnožja dimnjaka na unutrašnjoj cevi postavljen bočno nastavak 8, u koji se utiče priključna cev 10 za otpadni gas neprikazanog postrojenja za loženje. Priključna cev 10 probija pri torne toplotno izolacioni sloj 4 i omotaČ 6 pomoču nekog otvora izvedenog u ove obe obloge na boku, i u koji delimično strči nastavak 8. Priključna cev 10 zaptivena je prema nastavku 8 pomocu zaptivnog gajtana, zaptivne mase 12 ili sl. unaokolo. Nastavak 8 završava u području omotača 6.For the chimney according to FIG. 1, a lateral extension 8 is positioned in the area of the chimney base in the inner pipe, which is influenced by the discharge pipe 10 for the waste gas of the non-shown combustion plant. The connection tube 10 penetrates the thermal insulation layer 4 and the sheath 6 by means of an opening made in both flanks on the flank, and into which the conduit 8 partially collapses. The connection tube 10 is sealed according to the continuation 8 by means of a sealing cable, sealant 12 or fig. around. The extension 8 ends in the sheath area 6.
-32Priključna cev 10 okružena ja prstenastim kanalom 14 toplotnog izmenjivača 16, koji usisava vazduh iz okoline dimnjaka. Ovaj vazduh ja prema strelicama vodjen kroz prstenasti kanal 14 izmenjivača toplote 16, i uveden u prs~ tenasti kanal 66, koji je obrazovan u omotaču 6 i odakle se vazduh u kanalima 68 za strujanje koji su obrazovani unutar područja ugla omota, počinje da penje. Dalje je i prs“ tenasti kanal 66 otvoren prema toplotno izolacionom sloju-32The connection pipe 10 is surrounded by a ring channel 14 of the heat exchanger 16, which sucks air from the chimney environment. This air is directed by arrows through the annular channel 14 of the heat exchanger 16, and introduced into the annular channel 66, which is formed in the sheath 6 and from which the air in the flow channels 68 formed within the area of the corner of the sheath begins to climb. Further, the chest duct 66 is open to the thermal insulation layer
4. Ovaj je tako porozno izveden, da vazduh za provetravanje može da se penje i pored omotača 6 u toplotno izolacionom sloju 4, paralelno prema unutrašnjoj cevi 2. Butanja strujanja prolazi tada primarno kroz omotač 6.4. This porosity is so porous that the ventilation air can climb in addition to the sheath 6 in the thermal insulation layer 4, parallel to the inner tube 2. The flow stream then flows primarily through the sheath 6.
Ulaz za vazduh provetravanja je obrazovan otvorenim prstenastim ulaznim poprečnim presekom 64, tako da transportovanje gasa za provetravanje se odigrava samo pomocu termičkog uzgona* Inače se kao i na Sl. 1, toplota u prik ljučnoj cevi transportovanog otpadnog gasa uredjaja za grejanje, koristi za predgrevanje vazduha za provetravanje.The ventilation air inlet is formed by an open annular inlet cross-section 64, so that the transport of the ventilation gas is only performed by thermal buoyancy. 1, the heat in the connection pipe of the transported exhaust gas of the heating appliance is used to preheat the ventilation air.
Alternativno mogao bi se vazduh iz okoline dimnjaka usisavati u prstenasti kanal 4, takodje i pomocu neke duvalj.ke i odgovarajuceg otvora za priključak.Alternatively, air from the chimney environment could be sucked into the annular duct 4, also by means of a blower and a suitable opening for the connection.
Takodje je moguce da se na taj način putanja strujanja proteze od podnožja dimnjaka sve do vrha dimnjaka. Tamo je opet izveden prstenasti kanal 66 u omotaču 6. Ovaj najviši prstenasti kanal 66 skuplja kako .kroz omotač 6, tako i kroz. toplotno izolacioni 'sloj . 4, struječi vazduh za provetravanje, i vodi ga pomocu bočnog kanala 34 napolje. Uočava se, da^S^aj bočni kanal 34 koji čini izlaz,izveden na istoj strani obima dimnjaka sa ulazom, dok alternativno mogu izlaz i ulaz da budu rasporedjeni i dijametralno naspramno.It is also possible that the flow path extends from the base of the chimney to the top of the chimney. There again, ring channel 66 in sheath 6 was constructed. This highest ring channel 66 collects both through sheath 6 and through. thermal insulation layer. 4, air the ventilation air and guide it through the side channel 34 outwards. It is noted that ^ S ^ aj is a side channel 34 constituting the outlet, made on the same side of the circumference of the chimney with the inlet, while alternatively the outlet and inlet may be arranged diametrically opposite.
Kroz dimnjak opisanim putanjama strujanja sprovodjene strujne mase gasa za provetravanje, mogu biti regulisavane pomocu podesljive klapne 36 za provetravanje, a po potrebiThrough the chimney, the described flow paths of the flowing mass of the ventilation gas can be controlled by an adjustable ventilation flap 36, and if necessary
-15pomocu motora 8 za postavljanje regulisane na neku odreci jenu veličinu, ili doterivane.-15with engine 8 for setting regulated to a certain size, or trimmed.
Celishodno je da se predvidi specijalni predfabrikovani elemenat, koji ima izveden ulaz za provetravanje s jedne strane, a s druge strane spregnut izlaz'za provetravanje.It is appropriate to provide for a special pre-fabricated element, which has a ventilation inlet on one side and a ventilation outlet on the other.
Takodje je moguce da se predvidi,na neprikazani način, na srednjoj višini dimnjaka ulaz za provetravanje, a da se donji deo dimnjaka ostavi bez provetravanja.It is also possible to provide, in a non-illustrated manner, at the middle height of the chimney a ventilation inlet and to leave the lower part of the chimney without ventilation.
Strujni krug kroz dimnjak može da bude alternativno podeljen u više vertikalno, jedan iznad drugoga postavljenih podeonih krugova. Uz ovo se može, na primer, na izmenjivaču toplote 16 da predvidi odvojak voda, od slučaja do slučaja sa svežim vazduhom za mešanje pomocu ventila za mešanje, izvan dimnjaka ili u omotaču, koji tek na nekoj srednjoj višini dimnjaka komunicira pomocu jednog bočnog kanala sa prstenastim kanalom 66 u omotaču 6, i uvodi preko ovoga vazduh za provetravanje. U toplotno izolacionom sloju A- izvedena je onda brana za strujanje. Ispod ove brane za strujanje može se predvideti još jedan prstenasti kanal 66 u omotaču 6, koji je preko jednog bočnog kanala vodjen bočno kroz dimnjak, prema napolju. Ovde je takodje predvidjena, pomocu postavnog motora 58 podešljiva klapna 5θ za vazduh. Na taj način dobija se prvi krug strujanja ispod brane za strujanje, kao i jedan drugi krug strujanja iznad brane za strujanje. Odgovarajuce umnožavanje je moguce na proizvoljan način. Na primer može doci po predfabrikovanom elementu dimnjaka, ili po nekom manjem broju predfabrikovanih elemenata, na pr., kada dva predfabrikovana elementa dolaze na jedan sprat kuce za stanovanje, da se predvidi uvek po jedan krug strujanja. Može se i provetravanje da ograniči samo na jedno područje, naročito na gornji deo dimnjaka.Alternatively, the circuit through the chimney may be divided vertically into one more vertical circuits arranged above one another. In addition, the heat exchanger 16 can, for example, be provided on a case-by-case basis with fresh air for mixing by means of a mixing valve, outside the chimney or in the enclosure, which communicates via a side channel only at some intermediate height of the chimney. ring groove 66 in sheath 6, and inducing air through it. A thermal dam was then constructed in the thermal insulation layer A-. Below this stream dam, there may be provided another annular channel 66 in the sheath 6, which is guided laterally through the chimney, outwardly, through one side channel. It is also provided here with an adjustable valve 5θ for air by means of a set-up motor 58. In this way, the first flow circuit below the flow dam is obtained, as well as a second flow circuit above the flow dam. Proper reproduction is possible in an arbitrary manner. For example, a pre-fabricated chimney element or a smaller number of pre-fabricated elements, for example, when two pre-fabricated elements come to one floor of a dwelling house, may always be provided for one round of flow. It may also be possible to restrict ventilation to only one area, especially the top of the chimney.
-14Vazduh za provetravanje ne treba, kako je ovde prikazapredvideti i posebna rebra za predgrevanje ili opet, naročito u visokim područjima dimnjaka, odustati od predgrevanja. Može se eventualno predgrevanje sprovesti samo u najnižem strujnom krugu priključne cevi 10, a u gornjim strujnim krugovima predvideti posebna sredstva za predgrevanje.-14 Ventilation air should not, as shown here, provide for special preheating fins or again, especially in high areas of the chimney, give up preheating. Any preheating may be carried out only in the lowest circuit of the connection pipe 10, and in the upper circuits, special means for preheating may be provided.
Umesto da se oslonimo na poroznost toplotno izolacionog sloja 4, ili da kod postojece poroznosti dalje obaramo otpor strujanju, može se takodje iskoristiti i radijalni zazor toplotno izolacionog sloja 4 i time dobijenib šupljih prostora. Takav radijalni zazor može da bude predvidjen kao slobodni prostor izmedju toplotno izolacionog sloja 4i unutraŠnje cevi 2 i/ili kao slobodni prostor izmedju toplotno izolacionog sloja 4 i omotača 6. Pošto se dešava da se toplotno izolacioni sloj manje ili više slučajno oslanja delimično na unutrašnju cev 2, delimično na omotač 6, ukoliko je unapred ostavijeno nešta radijalnog zazora, mogu da postoje slobodni prostori takodje iznad delimičnih područja dužine dimnjaka i/ili obima dimnjaka. U svakom slučaju mogu ovi da ispune željenu fuhkciju raspodele i gasa za provetravanje.Instead of relying on the porosity of the thermal insulation layer 4, or further reducing the flow resistance with the existing porosity, a radial clearance of the thermal insulation layer 4 can also be used to obtain more hollow spaces. Such a radial clearance can be provided as a free space between the thermal insulation layer 4 and the inner tube 2 and / or as a free space between the thermal insulation layer 4 and the sheath 6. As it happens that the thermal insulation layer more or less accidentally relies partly on the inner tube 2, partially to the sheath 6, if there is some radial clearance left in advance, there may be free spaces also above the partial areas of the chimney length and / or the chimney circumference. In any case, these can fulfill the desired distribution function and ventilation gas.
Pomocu ulaza i izlaza u području omotača katkada izvedenih prstenastih kanala 66, komunicira red po obimu omotača 6 rasporedjenih i na ovome vertikalno se penjucih kanala 68 za strujanje.By means of the inlet and outlet in the area of the sheath, sometimes ring annular channels 66, it communicates in order of circumference of the sheath 6 arranged and vertically climbing channels 68 for this flow.
Kanali za strujanje 68 mogu tako da stoje radijalno prema unutra u spoju difuzione pare, što su područja zida 70 omotača izmedju kanala za strujanje 68 i prema toplotno izolacionom sloju, okrenutoj unutrašnjoj površini 72 omotača izvedene tako, da su prolazne za difuzione pare.The ducts 68 may thus be radially inwardly at the junction of the diffusion vapor, which is the areas of the wall 70 of the envelope between the ducts 68 and towards the thermal insulation facing the inner surface 72 of the envelope so as to be translucent to the diffusion vapors.
-15Ova zidna područja 70 n© treba da su izvedena prolazno . za difuziju pare, ako su u njima predvidjeni prodori 74, koji se raspodeljuju po višini provetravanog dimnjaka i spajaju kanale strujanja 68 sa područjem toplotno izolacionog sloja 4.-15These wall areas 70 n © should be made transient. for vapor diffusion, if penetrations 74 are provided, which are distributed along the height of the ventilated chimney and connect the flow channels 68 to the area of the thermal insulation layer 4.
Čak i kada unutrašnja cev 2 i toplotno izolacioni sloj 4 nisu provetravani, proizvodi provetravanje omotača 6 jedan radijalni gradijent strujanja,za sa vlagom i agresivnim sastojcima optereceni radijalno difundirajuči dimni gas i tako sprečava, da se u radijalno unutar kanala strujanja 68 u omotač 6 prihvacenih područja dimnjaka,akumuliranje vlage popne do nepoželjnog stepena, a pored vlage i agresivnih sastojaka.Even when the inner tube 2 and the thermal insulation layer 4 are not ventilated, the aeration of the envelope 6 produces a radial flow gradient, loaded with radially diffusing flue gas with moisture and aggressive constituents, thus preventing radically diffusive flue gas from entering the envelope 6 into the envelope 6. chimney areas, moisture accumulation rises to an undesirable degree, and in addition to moisture and aggressive ingredients.
Glavno strujanje vazduha za provetravanje ima kod ovog rasporeda tok unutar omotača 6· Može,ali doci tako do kratkospojnog strujanja u toplotno izolacionom sloju 4 zbog njihovog vezivanja na kanale za strujanje preko prodora 74· Onda zavisi od relativnog otpora strujanja, da li če gLavna struja za provetravanje u omotaču 6 'ili u toplotno izolacionom sloju 4 da struji (samo ili zbog uvlačenja kroz procepe na obimu,zbog radijalnog zazora omotača).In this arrangement, the main air flow for the ventilation air has a flow within the sheath 6 · It may, but short circuit current may occur in the thermal insulation layer 4 due to their attachment to the flow channels through the penetration 74 · Then depends on the relative flow resistance, whether the main current for ventilation in the enclosure 6 'or in the thermal insulation layer 4 to flow (only or due to being drawn through the cracks on the circumference due to the radial clearance of the enclosure).
Takodje je moguče da se pomoču vertikalnog strujanja u toplotno izolacionom sloju 4 sprovede i jedno strujanje unutar unutrašnje cevi.It is also possible to use a vertical stream in the thermal insulation layer 4 to produce one stream inside the inner tube.
Kod omotača sa pravougaonim, na pr., kvadratnim poprečnim presekom je uobičajeno, da se u područja uglova predvide šupljine u masi, sa zaobljenim ugLovima pravougaonog preseka, koje se protežu od jedne zatvorene čeone strane predfabrikovanog elementa koji obrazuje omotač, do druge otvorene čeone strane,pa se tako mogu lako i oblikovati. Ovaj oblik trougaonih šupljina dobija se onda, ako radijalno dalje unutra nalazeca se obloga, dakle toplotno izolacioni sloj 4, ima okrugLi spoljni presek.In the case of a rectangular box, for example, with a square cross-section, it is customary to provide voids in the areas of the corners with rounded corners of a rectangular cross section extending from one closed front face of the preformed element forming the sheath to the other open front side. , so they can be easily shaped. This shape of the triangular cavities is then obtained if, radially further inside, the lining, hence the thermal insulation layer 4, has a circular outer cross-section.
-16Oblik poprečnog preseka ovih supljina može se potpuno preuzeti i za kanale struganja 68. Pri torne je moguce prodore 74 izvoditi i oblikovati na razne načine.-16The cross-sectional shape of these cavities can also be completely taken over by the scraping channels 68. It is possible to perform penetrations 74 and shape them in various ways.
Prioriteten oblik za prodore 74 prikazuje SL,4 · Prema ovome su prodori 74 horizontalni prorezi na donjem i na gornjem kraju omotača 2 izvedenih predfabrikovanih komada, kod kojih dakle u području horizontalnih proreza 74 su zidna područja 7θ vracena unazad relativno na čitavoj dužini predfabrikovanog komada. Na taj način dobija se konstrukcija desnog izgleda na Sl.3,gde predfabrikovani elementi 7θ koji obrazuju omotač, uvek sa čeone strane u visinskom području dva,jedan na drugi se nastavijajuca se predfabrikovana elementa, zajednički prodori 74, bivaju spolja pomoču sloja maltera 80 zaptivno spojeni·.Priority form for penetration 74 shows SL, 4 · According to this, penetrations 74 are horizontal slits at the lower and upper ends of the sheath 2 of prefabricated pieces, in which in the area of horizontal slots 74, wall areas 7θ are then reversed relative to the entire length of the prefabricated piece. In this way, the right-looking construction of Fig. 3 is obtained, where the pre-fabricated elements 7θ forming the sheath, always on the front side in the height region two, the pre-fabricated elements continuing together, penetrations 74, are externally assisted by a layer of mortar 80 sealed externally. connected ·.
Kod toga je korisno, da se predfabrikovani elementi za dimnjak tako obLikuju, da od vatrostalnog maltera 82 -zaptivajuča fuga 84 bude skrenuta,izmedju medjusobno nastavijajučim se unutrašnjim cevima 2,prema sloju maltera 80 odn., sastavne fuge izmedju predfabrikovanih elemenata 78 omotača, i to do polovine dužine predfabrikovanog elementa.It is advantageous for the prefabricated chimney elements to be shaped such that the refractory mortar 82 seals the joint 84 between the inner tubes 2 extending towards the mortar layer 80 or the joint joints between the prefabricated elements 78 and this to half the length of the precast element.
Alternativno uz opisane horizontalne proreze, mogu prodori 74 da budu takodje obrazovani od vertikalnih proreza lato je to prikazano na oba kvadranta na Sl. 2. Pri torne su vertikalni prorezi 74 u desnom kvadrantu Sl.2 izvedeni, posmatrano relativno prema u pravcu obima dimnjaka izmerenom prečniku putanja za strujanje u kanalu 68 za strujanje, veoma uski, dok se u levom kvadrantu SL. 2 rasprostiru preko čitavog, uglavnom, u pravcu obima dimnjaka merenog prečnika kanala 68 za strujanje. Odgovarajuci torne je poprečni presek u desnom kvadrantu izveden u vidu peČurke, a u levom u vidu kucice.Alternatively to the horizontal slits described above, the penetrations 74 may also be formed by vertical slits, as shown in both quadrants in FIG. 2. The vertical slits 74 in the right quadrant of FIG. 2 are constructed relative to the chimney circumference measured by the flow path diameter in the flow channel 68, very narrow, while in the left quadrant FIG. 2 extend throughout, generally, in the direction of the chimney circumference of the measured diameter of the stream channel 68. The corresponding tornado is a cross-section in the right quadrant in the form of a mushroom and in the left in the form of a small house.
-17Pri torne je prikazan na Sl. 2 desni kvadrant, pa se uočava,da je za razlika od na Sl.1 prikazanog rasporeda prodora 74-, ovde izvedeno sjedinjavanje u jedan jedini zajednički prorez, koji se proteze uzduž čitavog pripadajuceg kanala 68 za stmjanje. Sa analognim poprečnim presekom treba da se i vertikalni prorezi prostim uvek samo do iznad neke ograničene višine.-17In the case of the tower, it is shown in FIG. 2 to the right quadrant, it is noted that, unlike in Fig. 1, the penetration schedule 74- shown here is a merger into a single joint slot extending along the entire stream channel 68. With an analog cross section, vertical slits should always be stretched only up to a limited height.
Pri torne je moguce prema Sl. 3 , leva polovina prikazivanja, da se prorezi 74 (na obe u Sl. 2 prikazane alternative), od donje čeone Strane omotača što čini predfabrikovani element 78, pa sve do ovoga gornje, čeone Strane, izvode tako, da prolaze skroz, a da se u gornjem čeonom području dotičnog predfabrikovanog elementa 78,kao i pripadajuceg prodora 74, prekinu zidom 86 sa čeone Strane predfabrikovanog elementa 78,pa je tako skrenuta putanja provetravanja u području toplotno izolirajuceg sloja 4, ili nekog tamo postojeceg radijalnog zazora. Ovde protiče dakLe,putanja strujanja u pojedinim predfabrikovanim elementima 78,unutar omotača 6 i izvan ovoga, pod kratkospojnim premoštavanjem u području ugradjivanja toplotno izolirajuceg sloja 4,ili zbog poroznosti ovoga. Kako se opet traže samo relativno kratke aksijalne pmge toplotno izolacionog sloja 4,za prevodjenje putanja strujanja iz omotača 6, može otpor strujanja toplotnog izolacionog sloja sam po sebi da bude relativno visok, bez- da utiče na funkcionisanje.The trucks are possible according to FIG. 3, the left half of the display, to cut through 74 (on both alternatives shown in Fig. 2), from the lower face of the Wrapping Side which constitutes the prefabricated element 78, and to this end, the upper one, Wrapping Parties, extend through, and that in the upper front region of the prefabricated element 78, as well as the associated penetration 74, be cut off by a wall 86 from the front side of the prefabricated element 78, thus deflecting the ventilation path in the area of the thermally insulating layer 4, or any radial gap existing there. Here, of course, the flow paths in the individual pre-fabricated elements 78, inside the sheath 6 and beyond, under short-circuit bridging in the area of installation of the heat insulating layer 4, or due to the porosity of this. As only the relatively short axial pmge of thermal insulation layer 4 is again required, for translation of the flow path from the sheath 6, the flow resistance of the thermal insulation layer can in itself be relatively high without affecting its functioning.
Zid 66 služi pri torne kao nosač sloja maltera 80, koji može ovde da ima, drukčije nego sto je prikazano na desno j polovini prikazivanja Sl. 5» rasprostiranje preko čitave čeone površine omotača 6.Wall 66 serves as a carrier for the mortar layer 80, which may be present here, differently from the one shown to the right and half of FIG. 5 »spread over the entire front surface of the sheath 6.
Opisano je ovde samo nekoliko od mnoštva mogučnosti, da se putanje strujanja gasa za provetravanje pusti kroz omotač 6 . U svim slučajevima moguce je ulaz vazduha zaDescribed here are just a few of the many possibilities of letting the air flow of the vent gas through the sheath 6. In all cases air intake is possible for
-18provetravanje ili nekog drugog gasa za provetravanje, kao i izlaz rasporečLiti odgovarajuče tako, kako je to prikazano na Sl, 1· Uvek je pri torne značajno, da se ulazni kanal i izlazni kanal gasa za provetravanje završava u odgovarajucem slobodnom kanalu, u kojem ima tok putanja strujanja gasa za provetravanjfe kroz samo telo dimnjaka.-18 ventilation or other ventilation gas, as well as the output arranged appropriately, as shown in Fig, 1 · It is always significant that the inlet duct and the outlet duct of the ventilation gas end in a suitable free duct, in which there is the flow path of the gas flow for ventilation through the chimney body itself.
Takodje se pretpostavlja, da svakom dovodu i svakom odvodu gasa za provetravanje, pripada i neki posebno oblikovani predfabrikovani elemenat dimnjaka. Izmedju oviti se mogu, medjutim, primenjivati delimično poznati, a i delimično posebno prilagodjeni predfabrikovani elementi dimnjaka.It is also assumed that each inlet and outlet of the ventilation gas has a specially shaped pre-assembled chimney element. However, partially known and partially specially adapted prefabricated chimney elements can be used between the covers.
Kod cilindričnog oblika poprečnog preseka unutrašnje cevi 2, biče takodje i toplotno izolacioni sloj 4 cilindričan, dok je omotač 6 pravougaonog odn., kvadratnog oblika. Pri torne je moguce da se toplotno izolacioni sloj 4 sastoji od izolacionih ploča, koje se mogu savijati. Pošto je pri torne toplotno izolacioni sloj sam cilin* dričan, a odgovarajuci unutrašnji zid omotača 6 takodje ima cilindričnu površinu, dok spoljni zid omotača 6 ima pravougaonu površinu, podupire pri torne omotač 6 spolja toplotno izolacioni sloj 4. Moguce je pri torne da se u omotaču 6 rasporede i dodatni žljebovi, kao žljebovi za vazduh.In the case of a cylindrical cross-sectional shape of the inner tube 2, the thermal insulation layer 4 will also be cylindrical, while the sheath 6 is rectangular or square in shape. For example, it is possible for the thermal insulation layer 4 to consist of bent insulating panels. Since the thermal insulation layer at the ends is cylindrical * itself, and the corresponding inner wall of the sheath 6 also has a cylindrical surface, while the outer wall of the sheath 6 has a rectangular surface, it supports the thermal insulation layer 4 at the outer sheath 6. sheath 6 layouts and additional grooves, such as air grooves.
Prikazani kvadrant na Sl. 5 ukazuje na dodatne, prema kanalima 68 za strujanje još i za provetravanje služeče unutrašnje kanale 88 u toplotno izolacionom sloju 4, unutar čijih zidova se ovi vertikalno pružaju dok su ravnomerno rasporedjeni po obimu. Ovi unutrašnji kanali 88 mogu da ima ju, kao sto se to vidi na Sl. 5» okrugli ili neki drugi poprečni presek, na pr., izduženi oblik proreza, koji se prostire u pravcu obima toplotno izolacionog sloja 4 koji formira oblogu.The quadrant shown in FIG. 5 indicates additional air ducts 88 in the heat-insulating layer 4, along the channels 68 for flow and also for ventilation, within which the walls extend vertically while being evenly spaced in circumference. These internal channels 88 may have it, as seen in FIG. 5 »a circular or other cross-section, for example, an elongated slit shape extending in the circumference of the thermal insulation layer 4 forming the lining.
-19Na sl. 5 d® dalje prikazano, da na mesto kanala za strujanje sa otvorenim prodorima može doči u spoljnji omotač takodje prolazni kanal za strujanje 68 sa istim poprečnim presekom, koji je pomoču takodje skroz prolazaceg zida 70» koji je ali,propustan za difuziju pare, spregnut sa radijalno prema unutra ležečim područjem dimnjaka.-19Fig. 5 d® further shown that the passageway with open penetration may also enter into the outer jacket a flow passage 68 with the same cross-section, which is also coupled through a passing wall 70 »which, but permeable for diffusion of steam, is coupled with radially inward lying area of the chimney.
Takodje i oblik poprečnog preseka kanala za strujanje 68 omotača 6 može da se varira, sve dotle dok se debljina zida suviše statički ne oslabi.Also, the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel 68 of the sheath 6 may vary, as long as the thickness of the wall is not too static.
Za provetravanje služeči dalji putevi strujanja mogu se ipak protezati takodje i u graničnim slojevima izmedju dve susedne obloge.For ventilation, further flow paths may, however, also extend in the boundary layers between the two adjacent liners.
Pored opisane cilindrične konfiguracije pojedinih obloga, mo.gu doči u obzir i druge okrugle forme obloge, kao na pr., duguljasta, ovalna ili eliptična.In addition to the described cylindrical configuration of individual linings, other round forms of linings may be considered, such as oblong, oval or elliptical.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0148581A AT398106B (en) | 1981-03-30 | 1981-03-30 | MULTI-SHELLED CHIMNEY |
YU698/82A YU44727B (en) | 1981-03-30 | 1982-03-30 | Multilayered chimney |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SI8210698A8 true SI8210698A8 (en) | 1996-02-29 |
Family
ID=25595975
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SI8210698A SI8210698A8 (en) | 1981-03-30 | 1982-03-30 | Multilayered chimney |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
HR (1) | HRP930764B1 (en) |
SI (1) | SI8210698A8 (en) |
-
1982
- 1982-03-30 SI SI8210698A patent/SI8210698A8/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-04-02 HR HRP-698/82A patent/HRP930764B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HRP930764B1 (en) | 1996-04-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US5651226A (en) | Tile with solar energy collection capability | |
EP2469166A1 (en) | Combined system for flue gas removal, air supply and ventilation air removal | |
US4545293A (en) | Multiple-casing chimney | |
US3376834A (en) | Heat insulating structure and a heat generating apparatus including such a heat insulating structure | |
SI8210698A8 (en) | Multilayered chimney | |
US5016613A (en) | Fireplace top wall assembly and cooling system | |
PL79154B1 (en) | ||
US4216709A (en) | Chimney | |
DE2731835A1 (en) | Composite chimney stack section with insulation - encloses insulation with pipes carrying water heated by flue gases | |
CN210421467U (en) | Building outer wall ventilation unit that insulates against heat | |
CN219710802U (en) | Roofing heat preservation exhaust system | |
KR102462181B1 (en) | A house with a wall that can circulate air | |
DK142509B (en) | Ventilation. | |
KR940005571Y1 (en) | Boiler stove pipe | |
JPS639647Y2 (en) | ||
CN220768625U (en) | Anti-dewing metal roof | |
CN219933256U (en) | Heat insulation connecting flange of fire-resistant ventilating duct | |
CN211070728U (en) | Baking finish room is with firing burning furnace | |
IT201900018410A1 (en) | Structural unit for the roof covering of a building, comprising means of thermal regulation | |
FI63828B (en) | SYSTEM FOERDELNING AV TILLUFT I BYGGNADER | |
KR100186967B1 (en) | Outside insulating structure of a building | |
EP1236004B1 (en) | Device for distribution in a ventilation system | |
JP2010054112A (en) | Connecting section structure of exhaust tube | |
CZ292705B6 (en) | Mantel block for a multiple-casing chimney | |
FI123152B (en) | Chimney and heating module that can be connected to it |